Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
572eb7dfcb0c0d14000f14b1	Describe the command of the Duke ofBrunswich-Bevern.	a column of 18,000 men	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nAccordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxo...
572eb7dfcb0c0d14000f14b2	Describe the command of Field Marshall James Keith	a corps of 30,000 troops.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nAccordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxo...
572eb9e9cb0c0d14000f14ca	How much resistance did Frederick encounter in Saxon?	Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under Gen...
572eb9e9cb0c0d14000f14cb	What reinforcements were the Saxons expecting?	Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under General Browne	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under Gen...
572eb9e9cb0c0d14000f14cc	What happened to the Saxon army?	Saxon army surrendered in October 1756, and was forcibly incorporated into the Prussian army	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under Gen...
572eb9e9cb0c0d14000f14cd	What characteristic of Saxony caused Europe to be mad?	attack on neutral Saxony caused outrage	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under Gen...
572eb9e9cb0c0d14000f14ce	What was the result of the fury of Europe?	led to the strengthening of the anti-Prussian coalition	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under Gen...
572ebd11c246551400ce45c2	How did Britain Protect Hanover?	combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of t...
572ebd11c246551400ce45c3	How did the British support Prussia?	shipping supplies and ₤670,000	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of t...
572ebd11c246551400ce45c4	Why did the Dutch reject Britain's offer to join the alliance?	the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of t...
572ebd11c246551400ce45c5	Who had done better, the Prussians in Europe or the Brits in North America?	successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of t...
572ebd11c246551400ce45c6	Who led the force to defend Hanover?	under the command of the Duke of Cumberland	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of t...
572ebebbc246551400ce45dc	Where did the Austrians retreat in May of 1757?	the fortifications of Prague	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians ba...
572ebebbc246551400ce45dd	Who led the Prussian assault on Prague in 1757	Frederick II	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians ba...
572ebebbc246551400ce45de	What were casualties like in the 1757 battle in Prague?	both forces suffered major casualties	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians ba...
572ebebbc246551400ce45df	Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?	Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians ba...
572ebebbc246551400ce45e0	How did Austrian Marshall Daun reverse the situation at Prague?	picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians ba...
572ec004c246551400ce45f6	What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?	five days of artillery bombardment	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nLater that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller...
572ec004c246551400ce45f7	How did the Russians used the captured Memel?	used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nLater that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller...
572ec004c246551400ce45f8	What caused the Russians based in Memel to be successful deeper into Prussia?	defeated a smaller Prussian force	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nLater that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller...
572ec004c246551400ce45f9	What was Frederick's response to the Russian invasion?	he was now forced to withdraw further into Prussian-controlled territory	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nLater that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller...
572ec004c246551400ce45fa	What additional country felt emboldened to invade Prussia?	Sweden	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nLater that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller...
572ec240cb0c0d14000f1510	What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?	the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThings were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soub...
572ec240cb0c0d14000f1511	What was the initial result of the French invasion?	Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThings were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soub...
572ec240cb0c0d14000f1512	What was the result of the Austrian invasion?	then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThings were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soub...
572ec240cb0c0d14000f1513	Name the four opponents of Prussia.	(France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThings were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soub...
572ec240cb0c0d14000f1514	What German areas were beginning to oppose Prussia?	a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThings were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soub...
572ec36adfa6aa1500f8d35d	What Hanoverian leader lost the Battle of Hastenbeck?	Cumberland	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThis problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the...
572ec36adfa6aa1500f8d35e	What country won the battle at Hanover?	French	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThis problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the...
572ec36adfa6aa1500f8d35f	How would one describe the future participation of Hanover?	Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThis problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the...
572ec36adfa6aa1500f8d360	How did Frederick respond to the defeat at Hanover?	Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThis problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the...
572ec545cb0c0d14000f152c	Why did Ferdinand feel comfortable withdrawing troops from the eastern front?	Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nCalculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish...
572ec545cb0c0d14000f152d	What was the result of Prussian resistance to Sweden?	the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nCalculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish...
572ec545cb0c0d14000f152e	What area of Sweden was occupied by Prussia?	occupied most of Swedish Pomerania	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nCalculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish...
572ec545cb0c0d14000f152f	What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?	Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nCalculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish...
572ec545cb0c0d14000f1530	What political development shaped the policy of the British?	successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nCalculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish...
572ec68503f9891900756a07	What Hungarian general humiliated the Prussians?	Count András Hadik	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBetween 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his forc...
572ec68503f9891900756a08	What city did Hadik occupy?	occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBetween 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his forc...
572ec68503f9891900756a09	How was Berlin spared?	city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBetween 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his forc...
572ec68503f9891900756a0a	What was Frederick's response to the occupation by Hadik?	he immediately sent a larger force to free the city	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBetween 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his forc...
572ec68503f9891900756a0b	How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?	Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBetween 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his forc...
572ec79bcb0c0d14000f1550	Where did Frederick invade in 1758	Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the...
572ec79bcb0c0d14000f1551	What city did Frederick lay siege to?	Olmütz	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the...
572ec79bcb0c0d14000f1552	What turned the battle for Olmutz against Frederick?	Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz,	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the...
572ec79bcb0c0d14000f1553	How did Frederick respond to the loss of a supply convoy?	Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the...
572ec8ffc246551400ce467e	What was the annual financial commitment by Britain to Frederick?	an annual subsidy of £670,000	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal...
572ec8ffc246551400ce467f	How did Britain assist the defense of Hanover?	Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal...
572ec8ffc246551400ce4680	Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?	the French	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal...
572ec8ffc246551400ce4681	What caused alarm in France?	re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal...
572ec8ffc246551400ce4682	Did Ferdinand permanently occupy France?	he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nIn April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal...
572eca2903f9891900756a2b	How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?	marched to counter it.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian ...
572eca2903f9891900756a2c	How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?	35,000 men	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian ...
572eca2903f9891900756a2d	How many Russians were in defense?	Russian army of 43,000	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian ...
572eca2903f9891900756a2e	Which army withdrew?	the Russians withdrew	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian ...
572eca2903f9891900756a2f	What country was Prussia fighting on another front?	Swedish	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian ...
572ecb3c03f9891900756a35	What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?	Marshal Daun	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in ...
572ecb3c03f9891900756a36	What was the major loss for Prussia at Hochkirch?	lost much of his artillery	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in ...
572ecb3c03f9891900756a37	Why was Frederick able to retreat successfully?	retreated in good order, helped by dense woods	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in ...
572ecb3c03f9891900756a38	What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?	The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in ...
572ecb3c03f9891900756a39	How did the Austrian troops spend the winter?	, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in ...
572ecc82c246551400ce46a4	How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/	1759 saw several Prussian defeats	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun force...
572ecc82c246551400ce46a5	How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?	47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun force...
572ecc82c246551400ce46a6	What happened at Minden in 1757?	the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun force...
572ecc82c246551400ce46a7	What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?	Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun force...
572ecc82c246551400ce46a8	What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?	Frederick himself lost half his army	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun force...
572ecdbadfa6aa1500f8d3e5	Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?	near the mouth of the Loire	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a l...
572ecdbadfa6aa1500f8d3e6	How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?	their Brest and Toulon fleets	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a l...
572ecdbadfa6aa1500f8d3e7	What happened to the French Mediterranean fleet?	the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a l...
572ecdbadfa6aa1500f8d3e8	What happened to the French Brest fleet?	caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a l...
572ecdbadfa6aa1500f8d3e9	With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?	putting an end to the French plans.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nThe French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a l...
572ecf2fc246551400ce46c2	Identify a success of the Austrians?	the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly o...
572ecf2fc246551400ce46c3	Where is Glatz	Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly o...
572ecf2fc246551400ce46c4	What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?	outnumbered three to one	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly o...
572ecf2fc246551400ce46c5	Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin?	General Saltykov	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly o...
572ecf2fc246551400ce46c6	Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?	he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly o...
572ed18acb0c0d14000f15dc	Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?	Spain	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\n1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of P...
572ed18acb0c0d14000f15dd	Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?	Portugal	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\n1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of P...
572ed18acb0c0d14000f15de	Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?	Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\n1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of P...
572ed18acb0c0d14000f15df	What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?	. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\n1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of P...
572ed18acb0c0d14000f15e0	Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result?	the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\n1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of P...
572ed315cb0c0d14000f15e6	How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians?	the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nOn the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured...
572ed315cb0c0d14000f15e7	What was the size of one of the Prussian victories against the Russians?	. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nOn the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured...
572ed315cb0c0d14000f15e8	Identify a major Prussian loss to the Russians	Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nOn the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured...
572ed315cb0c0d14000f15e9	identify a major Prussian loss to the Austrians.	the Austrians captured Schweidnitz.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nOn the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured...
572ed315cb0c0d14000f15ea	What was the concern about Prussia in Britain?	. In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nOn the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured...
572ed4b3cb0c0d14000f15f6	Britain tried to influence Prussia to take what action?	offering concessions to secure peace	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress...
572ed4b3cb0c0d14000f15f7	How many troops did Frederick have left?	60,000 men	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress...
572ed4b3cb0c0d14000f15f8	What development in Russia assisted Prussia?	Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress...
572ed4b3cb0c0d14000f15f9	What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?	Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress...
572ed4b3cb0c0d14000f15fa	What was the unexpected action by Peter III that helped Frederick?	He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBritain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress...
572ed5ccdfa6aa1500f8d425	In 1763 what was the status of Frederick?	his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased,...
572ed5ccdfa6aa1500f8d426	In 1763 what was the status of Austria?	facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased,...
572ed5ccdfa6aa1500f8d427	What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?	British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased,...
572ed5ccdfa6aa1500f8d428	What had happened to Frederick's extra troops from Russia?	Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased,...
572ed5ccdfa6aa1500f8d429	What was the result of the weakening of both Prussia and Austria?	In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nBy 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased,...
572ed741c246551400ce470c	What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?	saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was...
572ed741c246551400ce470d	What action did Pitt take against France in 1758?	The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was...
572ed741c246551400ce470e	How did the invading British army do at St. Malo?	it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was...
572ed741c246551400ce470f	What damage was done at the alternate site?	It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was...
572ed741c246551400ce4710	How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?	the expedition returned having damaged French privateering	[ "Seven_Years%27_War\n\nDespite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was...

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