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High capacity oceanographic lithium battery pack | A High capacity oceanographic lithium battery pack is a type of battery pack used by oceanographers. Physical Oceanographers use high capacity lithium battery packs for long term deployments to extend the duration of the deployments and gather more data. Oceanographers often work in far away sites that are difficult to... |
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study | The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) is a long-term oceanographic study by the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS). Based on regular (monthly or better) research cruises, it samples an area of the western Atlantic Ocean nominally at the coordinates 31°40′N 64°10′W. The cruise programme routinely samples... |
Fixed-point ocean observatory | A fixed-point ocean observatory is an ocean observing autonomous system of automatic sensors and samplers that continuously gathers data from deep sea, water column and lower atmosphere, and transmits the data to shore in real or near real-time. == Infrastructure == Fixed-point ocean observatories are typically compose... |
Bathometer | A bathometer (also bathymeter) is an instrument for measuring water depth. It was previously used mainly in oceanographical studies, but is rarely employed nowadays. The term originates from Greek βαθύς (bathys), "deep" and μέτρον (métron), "measure". == History == The earliest idea for a bathometer is due to Leon Batt... |
Euxinia | Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O2) and a raised level of free hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Euxinic bodies of water are frequently strongly stratified; have an oxic, highly productive, thin surface layer; and have anoxic, sulfidic bottom water. ... |
IMBER | IMBeR (Integrated Marine Biosphere Research) is a Future Earth-SCOR sponsored international project that promotes integrated marine research through a range of research topics towards sustainable, productive and healthy oceans at a time of global change, for the benefit of society. == Overview == IMBeR research seeks t... |
LegaSea | LegaSea is a non-profit organisation established by the New Zealand Sport Fishing Council in 2012 to improve the sustainability of marine ecosystems in New Zealand. == History == LegaSea was founded in 2012 as a subsidiary of the New Zealand Sport Fishing Council, an incorporated society and national body established i... |
Box corer | The box corer is a marine geological sampling tool for soft sediments in lakes or oceans. It is deployed from a research vessel with a wire and suitable for any water depth. It is designed for a minimum of disturbance of the sediment surface by bow wave effects which is important for quantitative investigations of the ... |
Surface layer | The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where the characteristics of the turbulence depend on distance from the interface. Surface layers are characterized by large normal gradients of tangential velocity and larg... |
European Marine Observation and Data Network | The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) is a web portal that brings together marine data, data products and metadata from diverse sources within Europe in a uniform way. It was initiated by the European Commission in response to the EU Green Paper on Future Maritime Policy, launched in June 2006. The... |
Oceanic physical-biological process | Due to the higher density of sea water (1,030 kg m−3) than air (1.2 kg m−3), the force exerted by the same velocity on an organism is 827 times stronger in the ocean. When waves crash on the shore, the force exerted on littoral organisms can be equivalent to several tons. == Roles of water == Water forms the ocean, pro... |
Underwater Association | The Underwater Association (UA) was a research association focused on the conduct of research underwater by diving scientists and archaeologists. It was established by a group of UK scientists in Malta in 1966 to assist in the organisation and publication of British diving science. Membership grew to over 400, with app... |
Bottom trawling | Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a fishing net) along the seafloor. It is also referred to as "dragging". The scientific community divides bottom trawling into benthic trawling and demersal trawling. Benthic trawling is towing a net at the very bottom of the ocean and demersal trawling is towing a ... |
Isla Verde Reef | Isla Verde Reef (Spanish: Arrecife de Isla Verde) is a coral reef surrounding the small Isla Verde (''green island'') cay in the northeastern Atlantic coast of the main island of Puerto Rico. Located near the shoreline at Punta del Medio (''middle point'') in the resort and residential district of Isla Verde in the mun... |
Hotspot Ecosystems Research on the Margins of European Seas | Hotspot Ecosystems Research on the Margins of European Seas, or HERMES, was an international multidisciplinary project, from April 2005 to March 2009, that studied deep-sea ecosystems along Europe's deep-ocean margin. The HERMES project was funded by the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme, and was the pred... |
Seismic oceanography | Seismic oceanography is a form of acoustic oceanography, in which sound waves are used to study the physical properties and dynamics of the ocean. It provides images of changes in the temperature and salinity of seawater. Unlike most oceanographic acoustic imaging methods, which use sound waves with frequencies greater... |
Microatoll | A microatoll is a circular colony of coral, dead on the top but living around the perimeter. Growth is mainly lateral, as upward growth is limited by exposure to air. Microatolls may be up to 6 meters (20 ft) in diameter. They are named for their resemblance to island atolls formed during the subsidence of volcanic isl... |
Benthic-pelagic coupling | Benthic-pelagic coupling are processes that connect the benthic zone and the pelagic zone through the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients. These processes play a prominent role in both freshwater and marine ecosystems and are influenced by a number of chemical, biological, and physical forces that are crucial to fun... |
Qixingyan (Taiwan) | Qixingyan or Ch'ihsingyen (Chinese: 七星岩; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhit-chheⁿ-gâm; lit. 'Seven Star Reef'), also known as the Vele Rete rocks, is a group of coral islands in the Bashi Channel, located off the southern coast of Pingtung County, Taiwan. The island group is composed by seven coral reefs. At low tide seven reefs are vi... |
Marine geology | Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography. Marine geologi... |
Coral bleaching | Coral bleaching is the process where corals become white due to loss of symbiotic algae and photosynthetic pigments. This loss of pigment can be caused by various stressors, such as changes in water temperature, light, salinity, or nutrients. A bleached coral is under stress, more vulnerable to starvation and disease, ... |
Mezcalera Ocean | The Mezcalera Ocean is an inferred ancient ocean preserved in rocks in western Mexico. The Mezcalera oceanic plate was likely subducted and consumed into the mantle allowing the Guerrero Terrane to be accreted to western Mexico in the Early Cretaceous. Speculative reconstructions suggest that Mezcalera plate experience... |
United States Marine Mammal Program | The United States Marine Mammal Program is an organization developed by the United States National Committee and the International Marine Mammal Working Group of the International Biological Program in 1969, for the study of marine mammals. The United States Marine Mammal program was directed by an eleven member called... |
Raja Ampat Islands | Raja Ampat (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌrad͡ʒa ˈ(ʔ)ampat̪̚]), or the Four Kings, is an archipelago located off of the northwest tip of Bird's Head Peninsula (on the island of New Guinea), Southwest Papua province, Indonesia. It comprises over 1,500 small islands, cays, and shoals around the four main islands of Misool,... |
Minerva Reefs | The Minerva Reefs (Tongan: Ongo Teleki) are a group of two submerged atolls located in the Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Tonga. The islands are the subject of a territorial dispute between Fiji and Tonga, and in addition were briefly claimed by American Libertarians as the centre of a micronation, the Republic of Mine... |
Anacapa State Marine Conservation Area | Anacapa State Marine Conservation Area was established in 2003. It was established as one of thirteen Channel Islands Marine Protected Areas in 2003, and "re-established as part of the statewide MPA Network in 2012." It shares a border on its northern side with the Federal Anacapa Island Marine Conservation Area. On it... |
Davidson Seamount | Davidson Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) located off the coast of Central California, 80 mi (129 km) southwest of Monterey and 75 mi (121 km) west of San Simeon. At 26 mi (42 km) long and 8 mi (13 km) wide, it is one of the largest known seamounts in the world. From base to crest, the seamount is 7,480 ft (... |
Pop-up satellite archival tag | Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are used to track movements of (usually large, migratory) marine animals. A PSAT (also commonly referred to as a PAT tag) is an archival tag (or data logger) that is equipped with a means to transmit the collected data via the Argos satellite system. Though the data are physically... |
Fishery Resources Monitoring System | The Fishery Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS) is a partnership of intergovernmental fisheries organizations that share information on the global monitoring and management of marine fishery resources. == Activities == FIRMS draws together a unified partnership of international organizations, regional fishery bodies co... |
A Naturalist in Indian Seas | A Naturalist in Indian Seas, or, Four Years with the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator is a 1902 publication by Alfred William Alcock, a British naturalist and carcinologist. The book is mostly a narrative describing the Investigator's journey through areas of the Indian Ocean, such as the Laccadive Sea, the... |
SOCCOM project | The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project is a large scale National Science Foundation funded research project based at Princeton University that started in September 2014. The project aims to increase the understanding of the Southern Ocean and the role it plays in factors such a... |
Minamitorishima | Minamitorishima (南鳥島; lit. "Southern Bird Island") sometimes Minami-Tori-shima or Minami-Torishima, also known as Marcus Island, is an isolated Japanese coral atoll in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located some 1,848 km (998 nmi; 1,148 mi) southeast of Tokyo and 1,267 km (684 nmi; 787 mi) east of the closest Japanese... |
Population dynamics | Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems. Population dynamics is a branch of mathematical biology, and uses mathematical techniques such as differential equations to model behaviour. Population dynamics is also closely relate... |
Tidal range | Tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun, by Earth's rotation and by centrifugal force caused by Earth's progression around the Earth-Moon barycenter. Tidal range depends on time and locat... |
French ship Pourquoi Pas? (2005) | Pourquoi Pas ? (French pronunciation: [puʁkwa pa]; English: Why Not?) is a research vessel built in Saint-Nazaire, France by Alstom Marine for IFREMER and the French Navy and primarily used by Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine (SHOM). Pourquoi Pas ? was ordered in December 2002 and completed in Jul... |
Røst Reef | The Rost Reef (Norwegian: Røstrevet) is a deep-water coral reef off the coast of the Lofoten islands in Nordland county, Norway. The reef was discovered in 2002, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the island of Røstlandet. It extends over a length of about 43 kilometers (27 mi), and has a width of up to 6.9 kilometer... |
Match/mismatch | The match/mismatch hypothesis (MMH) was first described by David Cushing. The MMH "seeks to explain recruitment variation in a population by means of the relation between its phenology—the timing of seasonal activities such as flowering or breeding—and that of species at the immediate lower level". In essence, it is a ... |
Ocean Observatories Initiative | The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Facility composed of a network of science-driven ocean observing platforms and sensors (ocean observatories) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This networked infrastructure measures physical, chemical, geological, and biolo... |
NOAAS Bell M. Shimada | NOAAS Bell M. Shimada (R 227) is an American fisheries research ship in commission with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since 2010. She operates along the United States West Coast. The ship was named by students at Marina High School in Marina, California, who won a NOAA vessel-naming contest... |
Meltwater pulse 1A | Meltwater pulse 1A (MWP1a) is the name used by geologists, paleoclimatologists, and oceanographers for a Quaternary period of rapid post-glacial sea level rise between 14,700 and 13,500 years ago, during which the global sea level rose between 16 meters (52 ft) and 25 meters (82 ft) in about 400–500 years, giving mean ... |
Abyssal zone | The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The word abyss comes from the Greek word ἄβυσσος (ábussos), meaning "bottomless". At depths of 4,000–6,000 m (13,000–20,000 ft), this zone remains in perpetual darkness. It covers 83% of the total area of the ocean and 60% of Earth's su... |
Intertidal ecology | Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines. At low tide, the intertidal is exposed whereas at high tide, the intertidal is underwater. Intertidal ecologists therefore study the interactions between intertidal organisms and their environment, as wel... |
Lampricide | A lampricide is any chemical designed to target the larvae of lampreys in river systems before they develop into parasitic adults. One lampricide is used in the headwaters of Lake Champlain and the Great Lakes to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an invasive species to these lakes. TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-... |
Satellite surface salinity | Satellite surface salinity refers to measurements of surface salinity made by remote sensing satellites. The radiative properties of the ocean surface are exploited in order to estimate the salinity of the water's surface layer. The depth of the water column that a satellite surface salinity measurement is sensitive to... |
Overexploitation | Overexploitation, also called overharvesting or ecological overshoot, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be unable to replenish itself. The term applies to various natural resources such as wat... |
Bathypelagic zone | The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of 1,000 to 4,000 m (3,300 to 13,000 ft) below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above and the abyssopelagic below. The bathypelagic is also known as the midnight zone because... |
Blanes Canyon | The Blanes canyon is an underwater canyon that forms the underwater valley located off the coast of Blanes, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. This underwater canyon is a significant geological feature of the Balearic Sea and plays an important role in the region's marine biodiversity. == Geography == The can... |
Sponge reef | Sponge reefs are reefs produced by sea sponges. All modern sponge reefs are formed by hexactinellid sponges, which have an endoskeleton made of silica spicules and are often referred to as "glass sponges", while historically the non-spiculed, calcite-skeletoned archaeocyathid and stromatoporoid sponges were the primary... |
Sverdrup | In oceanography, the sverdrup (symbol: Sv) is a non-SI metric unit of volumetric flow rate, with 1 Sv equal to 1 million cubic metres per second (35314667 cu ft/s), or equivalently 1 cubic hectometer per second (symbol: hm3/s or hm3⋅s−1). It is used almost exclusively in oceanography to measure the volumetric rate of t... |
Rosette sampler | A rosette sampler (also known as a CTD-rosette or carousel) is a device used for water sampling in deep water. Rosette samplers are used in the ocean and large inland water bodies such as the North American Great Lakes in order to investigate quality. Rosette samplers are a key piece of equipment in oceanography and ha... |
Simple Ocean Data Assimilation | The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) analysis is an oceanic reanalysis data set consisting of gridded state variables for the global ocean, as well as several derived fields. SODA was developed in the 1990s as a collaborative project between the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science at the University of Ma... |
Maximum sustainable yield | In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth ... |
Sound (nautical) | In nautical terms, the word sound is used to describe the process of determining the depth of water in a tank or under a ship. Tanks are sounded to determine if they are full (for cargo tanks) or empty (to determine if a ship has been holed) and for other reasons. Soundings may also be taken of the water around a ship ... |
Seabed | The seabed is the bottom of the ocean. Alternatively, it is known as the seafloor, sea floor, ocean floor, or ocean bottom. The floor of all the world's oceans is known as the seabed. The structure of the seabed of the global ocean is governed by plate tectonics. Most of the ocean is very deep, where the seabed is know... |
South Sentinel Island | South Sentinel Island is one of the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. It is 1.6 km (1 mi) long northeast to southwest and up to 1 km (5⁄8 mi) wide. At only 1.61 km2 (5⁄8 sq mi), it is much smaller than its counterpart North Sentinel Island and is currently uninhabited. The island belongs to the Port Blair tehsil in... |
2025 algal bloom in South Australia | A harmful algal bloom (HAB) event that started in March 2025 is ongoing along the coasts of the state of South Australia as of February 2026. It has caused fish kills impacting the marine environment and associated fishing and aquaculture industries, as well as beachgoers and tourism operators along the affected coasts... |
Central Basin Spreading Center | Central Basin Spreading Center (CBSC), formerly Central Basin Fault, is a seafloor spreading center of the West Philippine Basin. It is a long, NW-SE-trending structure that is considered to have been the spreading center of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) from the Eocene to the middle Oligocene. It is a remnant spread... |
Acoustic release | An acoustic release is an oceanographic device for the deployment and subsequent recovery of instrumentation from the sea floor, in which the recovery is triggered remotely by an acoustic command signal. A typical release consists of the hydrophone (see dark gray cap in the figure), the battery housing (long gray cylin... |
Marine sediment | Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles either have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glacie... |
Ocean | The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (in descending order by area: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Antarctic/Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean), a... |
Good Hope Jet | The Good Hope Jet is the northward-running shelf edge frontal jet of the Southern Benguela Current off the Cape Peninsula of South Africa's west coast. The jet, an intrusion of water from the Agulhas Current, was first described by South African oceanographers, Nils Bang and W.R.H. (Bill) Andrews in 1974. This warm wat... |
Ring shedding | Ring shedding is a phenomenon in ocean currents where circle or ring-shaped eddies separate from the current. The rings are independent water current systems that can persist for several months and occur in most ocean basins. The separated rings can have both warm or cold cores and play a role in the thermohaline circu... |
Saint Andrew (research vessel) | Saint Andrew (Russian: Андрей Первозванный) was the first purpose-built research vessel of the Russian Empire, and one of the world's first fisheries science vessels. In the late 19th century, those Russian leaders concerned with the welfare of the Pomors (settlers of the Russian north, particularly on the White Sea co... |
Monterey Accelerated Research System | Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) is a cabled-based observatory system below the surface of Monterey Bay, developed and managed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The system, operational since November 10, 2008, incorporates a 52 km (32 mi) undersea cable that carries data and power to benthic i... |
Volcanic impacts on the oceans | Explosive volcanic eruptions affect the global climate in several ways. == Lowering sea surface temperature == One main impact of volcanoes is the injection of sulfur-bearing gases into the stratosphere, which oxidize to form sulfate aerosols. Stratospheric sulfur aerosols spread around the globe by the atmospheric cir... |
2021 North-East England shellfish die-off | The 2021 North-East England shellfish die-off was a series of occasions where a mass of shellfish were found on beaches on the Durham and Yorkshire Coasts in northern England, either dead, or in stages of dying. These events first occurred in October 2021, with re-occurrences in February, and September 2022, with conce... |
Pavona bipartita | Pavona bipartita, sometimes known as leaf coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Agariciidae. It is found in shallow water, on reef slopes and on vertical surfaces, in tropical parts of the western and central Indo-Pacific region. == Description == Colonies of Pavona bipartita are either submassive o... |
Fish measurement | Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fishery biology. == Overall length == Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or... |
Bottom crawler | A bottom crawler is an underwater exploration, research and work vehicle. It is designed to sink to the bottom of a body of water, where it uses the traction of its wheels or tracks against the bottom and can move a load. It can be crewed or uncrewed. It can tethered to a surface ship by a cable or cables providing pow... |
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research | The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) is an interdisciplinary body of the International Science Council. SCOR was established in 1957, coincident with the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958. It sought to bring scientists together to answer key ocean science questions and improve opportunities for... |
Pavona maldivensis | Pavona maldivensis is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Agariciidae. It is found on shallow reef slopes, particularly those with strong wave action, and on vertical surfaces, in tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. == Description == Pavona maldivensis can be encrusting or massive, or a mixture... |
Discovery Seamounts | The Discovery Seamounts are a chain of seamounts in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, including Discovery Seamount. The seamounts are 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Gough Island and once formed islands. Various volcanic rocks as well as glacial dropstones and sediments have been dredged from the Discovery Seamounts. The Di... |
Metasilicic acid | Metasilicic acid is a hypothetical chemical compound with formula (HO)2SiO. The free acid slowly polymerises in aqueous solution even at low concentrations and cannot be isolated under normal conditions. Compounds including the conjugate base are known as metasilicates and occur widely in nature as inosilicates. == See... |
Catlin Seaview Survey | The Catlin Seaview Survey, later renamed the XL Catlin Seaview Survey, was a major scientific expedition which commenced in September 2012, whose aim was to document the composition and health of coral reefs worldwide. Specifically, the survey aimed to "carry out a rapid assessment of the current state of coral reef sy... |
Belgian Scientific Expedition | Belgian Scientific Expedition was a scientific survey of the Great Barrier Reef, conducted in 1967–1968. The Belgian Scientific Expedition to the Great Barrier Reef was a seven month expedition beginning in 1967, sponsored by the University of Liege, Belgium, the Belgium Ministry of Education and the National Foundatio... |
Malacology | Malacology, from Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós), meaning "soft", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study", is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (molluscs or mollusks), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails a... |
Ocean Biodiversity Information System | The Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), formerly Ocean Biogeographic Information System, is a web-based access point to information about the distribution and abundance of living species in the ocean. It was developed as the information management component of the ten year Census of Marine Life (CoML) (2001-2... |
Benares Shoals | Benares Shoals, or Benares Shoal, is a submerged coral reef, an isolated patch located at, just 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west-northwest of Île Pierre, the closest island of Peros Banhos atoll in the northern Chagos Archipelago. It measures about 3 kilometres (2 mi) east–west, with a width of about 700 metres (2,300 ft) an... |
Algae scrubber | An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. Algae scrubbers allow hobbyists to operate their saltwater or freshwater tanks or ponds using natural filtration based on primary production, much as occurs in oceans and lake... |
Artificial seawater | Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria, and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae, bacteria, pl... |
Digital Fish Library | The Digital Fish Library (DFL) is a University of California, San Diego project funded by the Biological Infrastructure Initiative (DBI) of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The DFL creates 2D and 3D visualizations of the internal and external anatomy of fish obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods ... |
Sigma coordinate system | The sigma coordinate system is a common coordinate system used in computational models for oceanography, meteorology and other fields where fluid dynamics are relevant. This coordinate system receives its name from the independent variable σ {\displaystyle \sigma } used to represent a scaled pressure level. Models that... |
Marine Biology (journal) | Marine Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on all aspects of marine biology. The journal was established in 1967 and is published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Ulrich Sommer (Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research). According to the Journal Citation Reports,... |
Low impact diving | Low impact diving is recreational scuba diving that is intended to minimise environmental impact by using techniques and procedures that reduce the adverse effects on the environment to the minimum that is reasonably practicable for the situation. To a large extent this is achieved by avoiding contact with sensitive re... |
Deep-water coral | The habitat of deep-water corals, also known as cold-water corals, extends to deeper, darker parts of the oceans than tropical corals, ranging from near the surface to the abyss, beyond 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where water temperatures may be as cold as 4 °C (39 °F). Deep-water corals belong to the Phylum Cnidaria and a... |
Staurostoma falklandica | Staurostoma falklandica is a species of jellyfish first discovered in 1907 by the Scottish Antarctic Expedition aboard the S.S. Scotia in Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands. == Description == Staurostoma falklandica is very similar to the related White cross jellyfish, with the distinguishing feature being the much more... |
Yellowhead disease | Yellowhead disease (YHD) is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, in particular of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), one of the two major species of farmed shrimp. The disease is caused by the Yellow head virus (YHV), a positive-strand RNA virus related to coronaviruses and arteriviruses. The disease is highly ... |
Ocean reanalysis | Ocean reanalysis is a method of combining historical ocean observations with a general ocean model (typically a computational model) driven by historical estimates of surface winds, heat, and freshwater, by way of a data assimilation algorithm to reconstruct historical changes in the state of the ocean. Historical obse... |
Coral reefs in India | Coral reefs in India are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. The coral reefs not only provide a sanctuary to myriad marine species but also play a key role in protecting the coastline from erosion. India has about 7517 km of coastline including islands but mainland coast is 6100 km. The Coral reefs... |
East Greenland Current | The East Greenland Current (EGC) is a cold, low-salinity current that extends from Fram Strait (~80N) to Cape Farewell (~60N). The current is located off the eastern coast of Greenland along the Greenland continental margin. The current cuts through the Nordic Seas (the Greenland and Norwegian Seas) and through the Den... |
Brunt–Väisälä frequency | In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, asteroseismology and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is a measure of the stability of a fluid to vertical displacements such as those caused by convection. More precisely it is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate with... |
African Journal of Aquatic Science | The African Journal of Aquatic Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the aquatic sciences in Africa. It was established in 1975 as Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa and renamed in 1989 as the Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, before obtaining its current nam... |
Canfield ocean | The Canfield Ocean model was proposed by geochemist Donald Canfield to explain the composition of the ocean in the middle to late Proterozoic. == History == In a paper published in 1998 in Nature, Canfield argued that the deep ocean was anoxic and sulfidic (also known as euxinic) during the time of the Boring Billion (... |
Unusual mortality event | An unusual mortality event (UME) is a term in United States environmental law that refers to a set of strandings, morbidities, or mortalities of marine mammals that are significant, unexpected, and demanding of an immediate response. While the term is only officially defined in a statute in the US, it has been employed... |
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology | The Oregon Institute of Marine Biology (or OIMB) is the marine station of the University of Oregon. This 100-acre (0.40 km2) marine station is located in Charleston, Oregon, at the mouth of Coos Bay. Currently, OIMB is home to several permanent faculty members and a number of graduate students. OIMB is a member of the ... |
SeaBASS (data archive) | The SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) is a data archive of in situ oceanographic data used to support satellite remote sensing research of ocean color. SeaBASS is used for developing algorithms for satellite-derived variables (such as chlorophyll-a concentration) and for validating or “ground-tru... |
Marine geophysics | Marine geophysics is the scientific discipline that employs methods of geophysics to study the world's ocean basins and continental margins, particularly the solid earth beneath the ocean. It shares objectives with marine geology, which uses sedimentological, paleontological, and geochemical methods. Marine geophysical... |
Bachelor of Fisheries Science | The Bachelor of Fisheries Science (B.F.Sc) is a bachelor's degree for studies in fisheries science in India. "Fisheries science" is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of aquaculture including breeding, genetics, biotechnolog... |
Sea spray | Sea spray consists of aerosol particles formed from the ocean, primarily by ejection into Earth's atmosphere through bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface. Sea spray contains both organic matter and inorganic salts that form sea salt aerosol (SSA). SSA has the ability to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and rem... |
Electronic Reporting System | The Electronic recording and reporting system (ERS) is used by EU countries to record, report, process, store and send fisheries data including catch, landing, sales and transhipment. The key element is the electronic logbook where the master of a fishing vessel keeps a record of fishing operations. The record is then ... |
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