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957c3478_cabulary_Flashcards___Cram_com__minals__and_criminal_behavior_
[Criminology] Incidence
In a self-report survey, the average number of offenses committed per offender.
[]
Patterns of Criminal Behavior - Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com
Scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/patterns-of-criminal-behavior-exam-1-vocabulary-732428
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00256-ip-10-236-191-2_386261047_0.json
957c3478_cabulary_Flashcards___Cram_com__minals__and_criminal_behavior_
[Criminology] Rational Choice Theory
The view that people act with free will and carefully weigh the potential benefits and costs of their behavior before acting.
[]
Patterns of Criminal Behavior - Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com
Scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/patterns-of-criminal-behavior-exam-1-vocabulary-732428
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00256-ip-10-236-191-2_386261047_0.json
957c3478_cabulary_Flashcards___Cram_com__minals__and_criminal_behavior_
[Criminology] Free Will
The view that human behavior is the result of personal, independent choices and not of internal or external forces beyond their control.
[]
Patterns of Criminal Behavior - Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com
Scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/patterns-of-criminal-behavior-exam-1-vocabulary-732428
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00256-ip-10-236-191-2_386261047_0.json
957c3478_cabulary_Flashcards___Cram_com__minals__and_criminal_behavior_
[Criminology] Deterrence Theory
Closely related to rational choice theory, the belief that more certain and severe punishment reduces the crime rate.
[]
Patterns of Criminal Behavior - Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com
Scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/patterns-of-criminal-behavior-exam-1-vocabulary-732428
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00256-ip-10-236-191-2_386261047_0.json
957c3478_cabulary_Flashcards___Cram_com__minals__and_criminal_behavior_
[Criminology] Routine Activities Theory
The belief that crime and victimization are more likely to occur with the simultaneous occurrence of motivated offenders, attractive targets, and low or no guardianship.
[]
Patterns of Criminal Behavior - Exam 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com
Scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/patterns-of-criminal-behavior-exam-1-vocabulary-732428
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00256-ip-10-236-191-2_386261047_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Formula for Kinetic Energy [Energy of motion]
KE=1/2mv2
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] When do you have the most KE? [Energy of motion]
The more you jumped/moved around
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Absolute Zero [Energy of motion]
When matter stops moving
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Temperature [Energy of motion]
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Thermal Energy [Energy of motion]
The total kinetic energy of an objec
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] When do you have the most thermal energy? [Energy of motion]
When you have a high temperture and more substance
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Heat [Energy of motion]
The transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] What are the 3 types of heat transfers? [Energy of motion]
1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Conduction [Energy of motion]
Transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Where does conduction best work in? [Energy of motion]
Solids, especially metals
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Why are metals good conductors? [Energy of motion]
Because electrons move easily and transfer KE to nearby particles
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Convection [Energy of motion]
Transfer of thermal energy by the movement or circulation of a fluid
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Fluid [Energy of motion]
Any material that flows
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] What 2 forms can fluid be in? [Energy of motion]
Liquid or gas
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Whats the difference between convection and conduction? [Energy of motion]
Conduction involves collisions and transfers of energy Convection involves movement of the entergetic particles from one location to the another
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] When can conduction and convection occur? [Energy of motion]
When matter is present
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
99138b33_ce_Vocab_Flashcards___Cram_com__Energy_of_motion
[Kinetic energy] Radiation [Energy of motion]
A heat transfer through space as electromagnetic waves
[]
Energy Science Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com
Energy of motion
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/energy-science-vocab-2133081
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00042-ip-10-236-191-2_384023527_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
an experimental science studying sound from production, acoustics and perception [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
phonetics
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
tests phonetic data, goal is to understand the tacit system of rules that a speaker uses in apprehending and manipulating the sounds of a language [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
phonology
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
how sounds are made in the vocal tract study of sound wave forms by which speech is transmitted [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
production acoustics
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
how the acoustic signal is processed to detect the sequence intended by the speaker [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
perception
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
all portions of human anatomy through which air flows in the course of speech production, includes larynx, lungs, pharynx, oral and nasal cavity [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
vocal tract
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
a complex structure of muscle and cartilage located in the neck, contains vocal cords [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
layrnx
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
parallel flaps of tissue extending from each side of the interior larynx wall slits between the vocal cords [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
vocal cords glottis
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
two small cartilages that are held at the rear ends of the vocal cords when the vocal cords are held together, this is the sounds made [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
arytenoid cartilage glottal stop
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when vocal cords vibrate where both of the ends of the vocal cords attach, can stretch and slacken cords and raise or lower voice pitch [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voicing thyroid cartilage
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
an opening about halfway from the larynx to the lips [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
velar port
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
a bony ridge behind the upper lips [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
alveolar ridge
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
the part of the mouth underlain by bone [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
hard palate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
the flap of soft tissue separating the mouth from nasal passages [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
velum/soft plate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
dangly thing from rear end of velum. [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
uvula
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
has three parts: tip/apex and blade as well as body or dorsum. Rear part is the root [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
tongue
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
flap behind the tongue root [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
Epiglottis
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
highly sonorous sounds made with an open vocal tract [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
vowels
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
constricted sounds which are quieter [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
consonants
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when airflow is closed off [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
stop
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when there is a tight construction and hissing noise [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
fricative
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
a stream of air directed at the upper teeth creating a noise which is turbulent in English includes [s], [z] and [ʃ ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
sibilant
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
a stop followed by a fricative in English it includes [tʃ ] and [dʒ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
Affricate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when the velum is lowered and air escapes through the nose [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
Nasal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when an articulator makes a rapid brush against some articulatory surface [r] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
tap/flap
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when an articulator is made to vibrate by placing it near an articulatory surface and letting air flow through the gap [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
trill
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
consonants where construction is wide so it passes air w/out creating turbulence [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
approximate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when air passes around the sides of the tongue [l] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
lateral approximate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds with a characteristic acoustic quality [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
liquids
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
include the sounds [j] and [w] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
glides/semi vowel
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when air flows through a gap in the center of the tongue [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
central approximate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
made by touching upper and lower lips together [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
bilabial
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
made by touching lower lip to upper teeth [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
labiodental
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
made by touching tongue to upper teeth [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
dental
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
made by touching tip or blade of tongue to a location forward of the alveolar ridge [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
alveolar
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by touching the blade of the tongue to a location just behind the alveolar ridge [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
palato alveolar
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by curling the tongue tip backwards and touching the area behind the alveolar ridge [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
retroflex
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by touching part of the tongue blade to the forward part of the tongue and hard plate [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
palatal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by touching the body of the tongue to the hard or soft palate [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
velar
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by moving the tongue body straight back to touch the uvula and neighboring portions of the soft plate [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
uvular
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by moving tongue body down and back into the pharynx [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
pharyngeal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds made by moving vocal cards close to one another [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
glottal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[p] [b] [ʈ ] [ɖ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiceless bilabial stop voiced bilabial stop voiceless retroflex stop voiced retroflex stop
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[c] [ɟ] [k] [g] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiceless palatal stop voiced palatal stop voiceless velar stop voiced velar stop
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[q] [ɢ] [ʔ] [ʡ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiceless uvular stop voiced uvular stop voiceless glottal stop voiceless epiglottal stop
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[m] [ɱ] [n] [ɳ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
bilabial nasal labiodental nasal alveolar nasal retroflexed nasal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ɲ] [ŋ] [ɴ] [ʙ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
palatal nasal velar nasal uvular nasal bilabial trill
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[r] [ʀ] [ѵ†] [ɾ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
alveolar trill uvular trill labiodental tap alveolar tap
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ ɽ ] [ɸ] [β] [f] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
retroflexed tap voiceless bilabial fricative voiced bilabial fricative voiceless labiodental fricative
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[v] [θ] [ð] [s ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiced labiodental fricative voiceless dental fricative voiced dental fricative voiceless alveolar fricative
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[z] [ʃ ] [ʒ] [ʂ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiced alveolar fricative voiceless post alveolar fricative voiced post alveolar fricative voiceless retroflexed fricative
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ʐ] [ç] [ʝ] [x] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiced retroflexed fricative voiceless palatal fricative voiced palatal fricative voiceless velar fricative
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ɣ] [χ] [ħ] [ʜ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiced velar fricative voiceless uvular fricative voiced uvular fricative voiceless uvular pharyngeal
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ɬ ] [ɮ] [ʋ] [ɹ] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiceless alveolar lateral voiced alveolar lateral voiced labiodental central approximate voiced alveolar central approximate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[ɻ] [j] [ɰ] [l] [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
voiced retroflex approximate palatal approximate velar voiced central approximate lateral alveolar approximate
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
non syllabic equivalents of vowels (semi-vowels) [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
glide
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
a sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
dipthong
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
sounds that are normally consonants which are prolonged slightly and serve as a nucleus of a syllable. [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
syllabic consonants
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
using different pitch to distinguish words [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
tone
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
using voice for purposes other than distinguishing words [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
intonation
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
narrows the passage of air to the exit [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
rounding
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
makes passage of air wider or narrower higher vowels are more narrow [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
height
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
when part of the body of the tongue is placed towards the back of the mouth [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
backness
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
[i] and [y] [e] and [ø] ɛ • œ a • ɶ [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
front closed vowels closed mid vowels open mid vowels dipthongs
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
ɨ • ʉ ɘ • ɵ ɜ • ɞ ɐ [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
central high vowels upper mid central vowels open mid central vowels lower mid central vowels
[]
Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
1291e52f_ashcards_Flashcards___Cram_com__ɯ___u_ɤ___o_ʌ___ɔ_ɑ___ɒ
ɯ • u ɤ • o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ [ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ]
back closed vowels back closed mid vowels open mid back vowels open back low vowels
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Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com
ɯ • u ɤ , o ʌ • ɔ ɑ • ɒ
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/phonology-chapter-1-flashcards-1540654
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00028-ip-10-236-191-2_377168991_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Pensions
EE retirement benefits accumulated during marriage, whether vested or not at time of of the divorce, are CP (prorate) Two options for distribution: 1) "If and When Received" 2) Cash out by awarding assets of equal value
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Pensions Awarding of Benefits
1) "If and When Decree" - if and when received, spouse gets share 2) Cash Her Out -- award other assets of equal value
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Pensions QDRO @ Divorce
Qualified Domestic Relations Order Non-participant spouse can get their share at DIVORCE
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Pensions @ Death
If non-participant pre-deceases participant, ERISA preempts and no interest
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Disability Pernsion/Worker's Compensation
Treated as wage replacements Characterized based on when received, not when earned
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Severance Pay
Jx Split --> argue both SOME SP as replacing earnings SOME CP as arising from work relationship from during marriage (think about proration)
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Stock Options
If awarded during marriage but does vest until after community has ended --> proration AND employer intent Employer intent: -for past services --> Hug Rule -to incentivize staying with company --> Nelson Rule
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Stock Options Hug Rule
Distribution of Stock Options that were based on past service Prorate for number of shares Years from date of employment - date community ended ________________ Years from date of employment - date option vests DIVISABLE AT DIVORCE
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Stock Options Nelson Rule
Distribution of Stock Options to incentivize to staying with company Prorate for number of shares Years from date option granted to date community ends ___________________ Years from date options granted to date options become exercisable DIVISABLE AT DIVORCE
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Goodwill of Professional Practice Valuation
(Determined by experts, but eyeball guestimate using common sense & what would net higher amount?) Market Sales -what amount would goodwill net if sold today Capitalization of Past Excess Earnings -value of efforts during marriage and their impact on future profits
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Goodwill of Professional Practice
To extent acquired during marriage, is CP subject to division on divorce Goodwill = qualities that generate income beyond that derived from professional labor, r/s return on capital and physical assets; usually determined by experts CAN'T be limited by partnership agreements!
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Educational Expenses
Reimbursement for cost of education if the education enhanced earning capacity Includes reimbursement for expenses before marriage but loans paid with community funds, factors to increase/ decrease reimbursement: -more or less than 10 years -other spouse also received CP-funded education -spouse who received education likely to not need spousal support
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json
9f1745ce_Assets___Flashcards___Cram_com__ss_growth_b_c_of_market_forces
Specific Assets -- Tort Awards
Recovered from third-party --> CP divorce -switches back to SP to injured spouse upon divorce so long as can be traced AND was not already spent UNLESS interests of justice required otherwise death - CP Recovered from tortfeasor spouse --> SP of injured spouse
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Community Property -- Specific Assets** Flashcards - Cram.com
Van Camp & Pereira -- whichever accomplishes substantial justice Pereira (CP friendly) -pay interest on SP --> rest is CP (family expenses not deducted) **when business growth because of spouse's efforts Van Camp (SP friendly) value of community labor - less family expenses = CP rest is SP ***when business growth b/c of market forces
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/community-property-specific-assets-1820142
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00291-ip-10-236-191-2_386990924_0.json