Alphabet's X Lab has cooked up yet another Internet connectivity scheme, according to a report from Reuters. Past efforts have involved floating Internet balloons and laying lots of fiber optic cable, but this Internet delivery system sends data over laser beams! This isn't an experimental system like Project Loon; India’s Andhra Pradesh state government has signed an agreement with Alphabet to bring the technology to millions of people starting next year.
The technology is called "free space optical communication," and it works exactly the way it sounds: you aim two light beams at each other and communicate through blinking. "Free space" means you're not using any cable at all and are just communicating through the air over line of sight. Typically this is done with lasers, although for shorter distances it's possible to use LEDs.
Alphabet's rollout in India will involve fitting "2,000 boxes installed as far as 20 kilometers (12 miles) apart on posts and roofs" according to the report. The optical system is expected to hit 20 Gbit/s from box to box and would serve as a backbone, replacing more expensive technologies like fiber optics. The final connection to users would happen over Wi-Fi or cellular.
Free-space optical communication is not a new technology. Existing systems have stuck to using eye-safe laser power densities and can achieve around 10Gbit/s. If you're like me and immediately asked "how can a line-of-sight laser system work when it rains?" The answer is "it doesn't." Atmospheric disturbances like rain, snow, fog, dust, and heat can all interfere with the light beam, and they have been the major limiting factor in this communication method. The report says Alphabet is "piloting a new approach" to the challenges of optical communication, but it didn't go into any more detail than that.


for National Geographic News
An ancient clay bowl from Mexico is providing new clues to the production and role of a hardy blue pigment widely employed by the ancient Maya.
The find also helps explain a mysteriously thick layer of blue silt that archaeologists reported at the bottom of a sacrificial sinkhole where the bowl was recovered more than a century ago.
The pigment, known commonly as Maya blue, was used to paint offerings, pottery, murals, and even the bodies of humans before ritual sacrifices. (Related: "Ancient Maya Used 'Glitter' Paint to Make Temple Gleam [February 7, 2008].)
Scientists have long known the basic chemical components of the pigment, which has a remarkable ability to resist age, acid, weathering, and even modern chemical solvents.
"Unlike a lot of natural pigments that may fade, [Maya blue] is very stable," said Gary Feinman, curator of Mesoamerican anthropology at the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois.
But the exact recipe, along with the tools the Maya used to create the pigment and the circumstances surrounding its use, were unknown.
The new research by Feinman and colleagues, which appears online today in the journal Antiquity, may answer some of these questions.
Lead study author Dean Arnold of Wheaton College in Illinois first came across the pottery bowl while searching through the Maya collection at the Field Museum.
He noticed that the bowl contained a wedge of preserved incense dotted with white flecks and a blue pigment.
The bowl had been discovered more than a century ago at the bottom of the Sacred Cenote, a large sacrificial sinkhole at the Maya site of Chichén Itzá, which was associated with the rain god Chaak.
More than a hundred humans were sacrificed to the deity at this site. (See an interactive map of key Maya sites.)
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


It is now widely accepted amongst astronomers that an important aspect of how galaxies evolve is the way they interact with one another. Galaxies can merge, collide, or brush past one another — each of which has a significant impact on their shapes and structures. As common as these interactions are thought to be in the Universe, it is rare to capture an image of two galaxies interacting in such a visibly dynamic way. This image, from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, feels incredibly three-dimensional for a piece of deep-space imagery.
The subject of this image is named Arp 282, an interacting galaxy pair that is composed of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 169 (bottom) and the galaxy IC 1559 (top). If you’re interested in learning more about Seyfert galaxies, you can read about the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5728 here.
Interestingly, both of the galaxies comprising Arp 282 have monumentally energetic cores, known as active galactic nuclei (AGN), although it is difficult to tell that from this image. This is actually rather fortunate, because if the full emission of two AGNs was visible in this image, then it would probably obscure the beautifully detailed tidal interactions occurring between NGC 169 and IC 1559.
Tidal forces occur when an object’s gravity causes another object to distort or stretch. The direction of the tidal forces will be away from the lower-mass object and towards the higher mass object. When two galaxies interact, gas, dust and even entire solar systems will be drawn away from one galaxy towards the other by these tidal forces. This process can actually be seen in action in this image — delicate streams of matter have formed, visibly linking the two galaxies.


From our archives, 100 years ago
Five crew members of a runaway Burke ore train went on a wild and terrifying ride, hitting speeds of up to 90 miles per hour, through a narrow, snowy canyon.
The trip down the steep grade from Burke seemed routine until the five heavily laden ore cars began to pick up speed and push the locomotive to an alarming extent. The crew applied the emergency brakes, to no effect. The engineer threw the locomotive into reverse, to try to slow the train, but “the engine, with all its strength, was unable to check the wild rushing weight bearing down upon it and went shrieking, steaming and puffing ahead of its load down the canyon.”
At one curve, two of the ore cars jumped the track and plowed into a snowbank, hurling a brakeman into the snow.
The remaining three cars and engine kept going, gaining speed every second, until the train hit a switch point and careened off the track. The locomotive rolled down a bank “and landed on its side in the bottom of the gulch, stripped of everything except its wheels.”
The four remaining crew members had all jumped clear just in time. There were some broken ribs and bruises, but all five crew members owed their lives to deep snow.
Also on this date
(From the Associated Press)
1870: The U.S. Weather Bureau was established.
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In 1983, in a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals convention in Orlando, Florida, President Ronald Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as an “evil empire.”
1854: U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry made his second landing in Japan; within a month, he concluded a treaty with the Japanese.
1944: Two days after an initial strike, U.S. heavy bombers resumed raiding Berlin during World War II.
1965: The United States landed its first combat troops in South Vietnam as 3,500 Marines arrived to defend the U.S. air base at Da Nang.
2014: Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, a Boeing 777 with 239 people on board, vanished during a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, setting off a massive search. (To date, the fate of the jetliner and its occupants has yet to be determined.)


This one year study thru the Bible for kids is designed to hit the highlights and provide practical application. I encourage you to read the whole section of scripture (Psalm 40) while we focus in on just a few verses.
Background: The book of Psalms was written by at least 7 authors. It expresses a range of human emotions from praise to God in good times, fear of enemies in bad times, guilt, anger and an overriding confidence in God’s goodness, majesty and power. In Psalm 40 David acknowledges the depression he feels at times and what he does about it.
Ask the children…
How was David feeling and what did he do?
“I waited [a]patiently for the Lord;
And He inclined to me and heard my cry.” (Psalm 40:2)
What did God do for David to relieve his depression while David as a result of David waiting on God and crying out to Him?
“He put a new song in my mouth, a song of praise to our God;” (Psalm 40:3)
God answered David not by fixing his situation, but by changing David’s heart into one of praise and giving David a song to sing. Music can be such an encouragement to our souls.
Ask your children if they feel depressed sometimes? What do they do about it usually? What would it look like to wait on the Lord and to sing some songs of praise to God? Share and experience of God encouraging you during a time of depresssion.
Feel free to share your own stories below in the comments section.
If you like what you read about ways to teach children the Bible, check out the children’s book, Hooked on the Book, on this website. It is great for parents and kids because it provides the Big Story of God’s miraculous plan for His children in all 66 books in the Bible. CHECK OUT A FREE SAMPLE OF CHAPTER ONE BELOW.


Rot (Damping-Off, Stem Rot) on Tomatoes
Description: Damping-off occurs at or before germination,
causing rapid decline and death of seeds or young seedlings.
On older plants, disease causes severe wilting and black
stem, beginning at ground level, resulting in severe
stunting or death of plants.
soil pH at 6.5 to 7.0. Test soil pH; if it is too acid,
use ground limestone to raise pH. Most garden centers
and farm stores sell ground limestone. When fertilizing,
use a slow-release organic source of nitrogen. Avoid
planting in poorly drained areas. Sprinkle SoilGardTM Microbial
Fungicide over seed at time of sowing, BEFORE
covering seed with soil. When starting seed indoors,
mix SoilGard with potting soil before seed is sown.


Nietzsche wrote in a scientific culture transformed by Darwin. He read extensively in German and British Darwinists, and his own works dealt often with such obvious Darwinian themes as struggle and evolution. Yet most of what Nietzsche said about Darwin was hostile: he sharply attacked many of his ideas, and often slurred Darwin himself as mediocre. So most readers of Nietzsche have inferred that he must have cast Darwin quite aside. But in fact, John Richardson argues, Nietzsche was deeply and pervasively influenced by Darwin. He stressed his disagreements, but was silent about several core points he took over from Darwin. Moreover, Richardson claims, these Darwinian borrowings were to Nietzsche's credit: when we bring them to the surface we discover his positions to be much stronger than we had thought. Even Nietzsche's radical innovations are more plausible when we expose their Darwinian ground; we see that they amount to a new Darwinism.


Sometimes nature provides the best examples of how to make new nanometer scale materials especially where there is a particular function. Think about how geckos can climb up walls and you can imagine how studying their feet might lead to new adhesives (including things that are going to the market). Difficult scientific challenges are often best figured out using teams and one team at Brandeis University has assembled to study new materials that can move just like living things. One project is focused the shape of cells and how to make artificial materials that move and behave just like cells. These artificial membranes can be used as sensors and also deliver drugs.


William Blair Bruce
(1859 - 1906)
William Blair Bruce was active/lived in Ontario / Canada, France. William Bruce is known for seascape, landscape and figure painting.
Biography William Blair Bruce
Born in Hamilton, Canada, on October 10th, 1859, William Blair Bruce was one of that city's prominent native painters, although he lived most of his life in Europe. In his paintings, he frequently returned to the subject of recording ever-changing views including the movement of sea, clouds, chromatic and light conditions. His notebooks from the 1890s record the changing conditions of light and time, and his awareness of how paint and color works -- a tool to create images rather than simulate reality.
He received formal training in Hamilton, and in 1880 exhibited in the Ontario Society of Artists exhibition in Toronto. As a young man, he attended classes in law at the Hamilton Collegiate Institute and then joined his father's enterp
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- Otherwise. - Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as
either . . . or are now used). - Different from that which, or the one who, has been
specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two.
- Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other
side of a river.
- Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with
every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second
- Left, as opposed to right.


Riddle: Jordan is leaving from a small town in Wyoming and hiking through the wilderness to a post where he will spend the summer. The hike will take Jordan six days. One man can only carry enough food and water for four days. Jordan cannot take a mule or any other animal to haul his food and water, because there will be insufficient food and supplies for the animals at his destination. How can Jordan make it to his destination?
Answer: Jordan takes two other hikers with him. Each hiker starts out with a four day supply of food and water. After the first day, the first hiker gives a one day supply to each Jordan and the second hiker. This leaves the first hiker with a one day supply to go home and Jordan and the second hiker now each have a four day supply again. After the second day, the second hiker gives Jordan a one day supply and keep a two day supply for himself so that he can get home. This gives Jordan a four day supply of food and water, and now he has enough to reach his destination.


1724 – 1815
Goldsbrow Banyar was born in London, England about 1724. A career British colonial official, he achieved wealth and prominence in colonial New York, survived the Revolution, and lived the last two decades of his long life in Albany. A young Banyar came to America during the 1730s. In 1767, he married the widow Elizabeth Mortier Appy of New York City. He lived in New York City but was able to acquire extensive acreage in the unsettled regions of the province. At the onset of the Revolutionary War, he retired to Rhinebeck and sought to avoid the conflict there.
Banyar had served as the Deputy Secretary of the Colony of New York, Deputy Clerk of the Council and of the Supreme Court, Register of the Court of Chancery and Judge of Probate, all between 1746 and the opening of the Revolution. His services ended with the end of British rule, and he withdrew to Rhinebeck until the end of the war, at which time he returned to Albany.
Shortly thereafter, he moved to Albany to a house at 62 North Pearl Street where he lived for remainder of his life. Approaching his seventieth birthday, Banyar used savings to live comfortably in his new home. He owned the substantial Pearl Street home, another house in the first ward, and additional lots as well. Banyar’s name was included on the boards of a number of organizations including the incorporators of the Bank of Albany in 1792.
In April 1801, his son, Goldsbrow Banyar, Jr. married nineteen-year-old Maria Jay, the daughter of governor John Jay. The marriage took place at St. Peter’s Anglican church in Albany. Their son and daughter were born in 1804 and 1805. But both died in childhood.
Goldsbrow Banyar, Sr. died in Albany, New York on November 3, 1815 at the age of ninety-one.
NOTE: Death notice for Banyar was published in The Troy Post on November 21, 1815.


The use of landline telephones continued to grow over the 20th century. After Bell’s invention gained more popularity, it became more and more of a commodity. Phones reached their peak in the early 21st century. In 2000, there were 16 fixed-telephone lines per every 100 people in the world. By 2005-2006, that number reached to 20 lines for every 100 people. While landlines quickly reached their peak in a little over 100 years, they swiftly went away with the rise of new technologies.
The first wireless cell phones were beginning to make waves starting in the 1970s. Dr. Martin Cooper, who worked for Motorola, made the first cellular phone call in 1973. By 1983, Motorola released the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x, which many heralded as the start of the cellular revolution. This device weighed 1.75lbs, stood 13 inches tall, and cost nearly $4,000.
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.


A sound bite is technically a short clip from a piece of audio; in popular usage, it’s a few memorable words conveying a large message.
But sound bites aren’t limited to the spoken word. With websites, blogs, and social media demanding their owners provide a continual stream of content, succinctly written communications are an essential part of a company’s marketing toolkit.
Here are a few tips on creating compact and crisp text:
- Web-based copy is scanned and skimmed, not read. For greatest impact, content should stimulate the brain’s limbic system, the center of desire and motivation.
- Write at a 7th grade level; most bestselling novels are written at this level. You can do this by using the following:
- Short words with fewer than two syllables
- Short sentences with no more than 12 words
- Short paragraphs with at most 4 sentences
- Use the active vs. passive voice: “He uploaded the video to YouTube,” rather than “The video was uploaded to YouTube by him.
- Visually content is easier to understand. Replace text with infographics wherever possible.


The first word in the English dictionary is Aardvark. A charming mammal that looks like they were made from parts of other animals.
Aardvarks are nocturnal burrowing animals that are found throughout Africa, south of the Sahara. The aardvark’s body and long snout look a bit like a pig and their name comes from South Africa’s Afrikaans language and means “earth pig.” This keystone species has a kangaroo tail and long rabbitlike ears. It has a very long tongue, 30 cm, which it uses to lick up ants and termites. And its closest relative may come as a big surprise since it is the elephant!
A keystone species has a large effect on its natural environment. Other keystone species are, for example, elephants, whales, and wolves. The aardvark uses its sharp claws and powerful legs to dig out the hills. It also digs to make burrows where they live and raise their young. They can dig very fast, 0. 6 m in 15 seconds. Other animals like African wild dogs take over the olds burrows after the aardvark. So they play an important part in the exosystem.
Aardvarks are also spreading seeds from a plant called Aardvark cucumber or Aardvark pumpkin. The plants rely on the aardvark to eat the fruit in order to spread and re-bury the seeds of the plant. The plant is a rare type of plant that flowers underground, just like a peanut. The fruits are first developing above the ground on stalks. The stalks bend and are pushed back under the ground. The aardvark eats the plant to get water.
My main question after having watched the videos below is why the aardvark snuffles in its sleep. What do you think?
Fiction and non-fiction books about aardvarks
Have you read any of the books about Arthur? He is a famous aardvark character. Oi Aardvark is another awesome book featuring aardvarks.


Treblinka is situated in the North East of Poland. Of the original Camp nothing remains and today it is an area in the woods with many a monument. In total 800.000 people were killed, mainly from South Eastern Europe and Eastern Europe.
The memorial of Treblinka is one of the most appealing Holocaust memorials.
Do you have more information about this location? Inform us!
- Text: Frank van der Elst
- Photos: Frank van der Elst


A coil of copper wire is immersed in a colorless solution of silver nitrate. Silver ion is reduced to metallic silver, which forms on the copper coil, and the copper is oxidized to cupric ions, which form a blue solution. When the coil is lifted from the solution after several hours some of the silver coating flakes off.
In this voltaic cell two small pieces of platinum wire are used as electrodes. The right hand side of the cell is an acidic aqueous solution of potassium dichromate; the left hand beaker contains a solution of potassium iodide. The salt bridge contains a solution of potassium sulfate. The meter is first set to measure current (in milliamps) and then to voltage (in millivolts). The experiment is very sensitive to the construction of the salt bridge. Here the current observed is low because the construction (the way the glass wool plugs and solution are arranged) of the salt bridge does not allow for good transfer of ions.


Best Practices for Brick Masonry Design
Clay brick masonry is a highly durable, versatile, and widely used building material in most of the United States. Traditionally, brick was used in load-bearing wall construction. However, changes in construction economy and advancements in structural engineering and enclosure design have evolved brick masonry wall construction into mostly curtain wall configurations—where the brick supports only its self-weight and transfers lateral loads to a backup structure. In this webinar, we will explore material considerations related to the selection, performance, and detailing of brick masonry and review best practices for the enclosure and structural design of brick veneer assemblies.
After attending this webinar, participants will be able to:
- Learn what material characteristics govern the selection, detailing, and installation of brick masonry.
- Understand structural aspects of brick masonry behavior.
- Apply best design practices for brick masonry support and attachment to accommodate brick masonry movement.
- Understand the air, water, vapor, and thermal barrier aspects of brick masonry veneer and apply best practices for material selection and detailing.
Participants will earn 1.0 AIA CES Learning Unit (LU/HSW) for attending the live webinar. Registration is free. Please note that space is limited – email email@example.com to join our waitlist if the session is closed when you register.


Data on the numbers and distribution of waterbirds are required for the Strategic Environmental Assessments of Offshore Wind Farms (OWF). From February to April 2009, aerial surveys of waterbirds and seabirds were conducted off the Norfolk coast, UK, within the proposed boundary for Zone 5 of the Round 3 Development areas (Crown Estate 2008).
The Zone 5 area was divided into seven roughly equal-sized survey blocks to allow maximum coverage within each survey day. Where possible adjacent blocks were surveyed synchronously, minimizing the likelihood of double-counting due to local movements of birds between survey days.
Surveys used a standard methodology that allows collection of data suitable for distance analysis, as well as accurate plotting of locations of individual observations.
This report identifies that the area covered by the seven survey blocks supports a diverse range of waterbirds, including high numbers of Red-throated Divers. The combined area was shown to support over 3% of Britain’s wintering Red-throated Diver population (see O’Brien et al. 2008), and within this a relatively small area corresponding to two survey blocks to the east of Lowestoft, Norfolk, supports over 2%.
Caution should be used when comparing data collected during the April surveys with data from earlier dates due to migration of wintering birds away from UK waters, resulting in reduction in numbers from late March onwards, and the influx of summer breeding species such as terns.


The alluring art of Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) has fascinated art lovers for decades. His decorative style, jewel-like colors, and sensuous line seduce the eye and the mind. Beneath the surface beauty exists a passionate commitment not only to the progress of painting, but to its relevance for society, which has made him one of Austria's greatest modern artists. Comini discusses his portraits, allegories, and landscapes as separate facets, tracing the development of each. Her text is illustrated with documentary photos of Klimt and his associates as well as with comparative works of other artists. 48 color illustrations, 94 black-and-white illustrations.
Gustav Klimt 1862-1918 : The World in Female Form
(Gottfried Fliedt, Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) was one of the most brilliant artists of the Austrian avant-garde. Admired for his sensual images of women and his powerful original vision, he became the principal painter of the Art Nouveau movement and produced some of the most haunting and evocative images of all time.
Gustav Klimt : Painter of Woman
Partsch focuses on Klimt's relationships with women-both as an artist and as a man-offering a good, detailed account of Klimt and Emilie Floge (a fashion designer and perhaps his true love).


YouTube Pilot Targets Schools that Block Access
A recently announced YouTube pilot program, YouTube for Schools, is focused on putting a limited amount of educational content back in schools that currently block access to the site.
The program is accessible as a network setting that administrators can turn on to grant access only to the hundreds of thousands of videos currently catalogued on YouTube EDU. Many of the videos were created by the education portal's more than 600 partners, like the Smithsonian, TED, Steve Spangler Science, and Numberphile.
The library is subdivided into 300+ playlists broken out by subject and grade level. Teachers are also encouraged to suggest their own education playlist.
"We’ve been hearing from teachers that they want to use the vast array of educational videos on YouTube in their classrooms, but are concerned that students will be distracted by the latest music video or cute cat video, or a video that wasn’t appropriate for students," wrote Program Manager Brian Truong on the YouTube blog. "While schools that completely restrict access to YouTube may solve this distraction concern, they also limit access to hundreds of thousands of educational videos on YouTube that can help bring photosynthesis to life, or show what life was like in ancient Greece."
Stephen Noonoo is an education technology journalist based in Los Angeles. He is on Twitter @stephenoonoo.


Asked about ‘voice’ in schools, you may well think about Student Councils, student governors, or similar groups with different names (student ambassadors, champions, researchers, committees, Parliaments…). These are often organised as forms of representative democracy – students are elected, or selected, or volunteer; they are meant to stand in for a bigger whole, to speak for others; they work on issues of concern to the school (from policies, to the environment, facilities, communication, to how it is run, to teaching and learning); and they are often ‘official’ or visible to (at least some) adults and students in the school.
Or, you might think about forms of ‘consultation’, such as surveys or focus groups with classes, year groups or the whole school, where young people’s views on aspects of educational provision are sought, often with a promise to act on feedback to improve services (“you said …we did”).
All these are established and valuable ways of thinking about youth participation and active citizenship. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child gives children a right to express their views and to have them taken seriously, and it underpins other participation rights in the Convention. Research identifies benefits of this work but also points to inequalities of access to participation, structured by socio-economic, gender, racial and other differences.


The talk of the town this week is, of course, the extreme weather. So with all the days the kids are likely to be home from school, will it be safe to send them outside to play?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 1,260 people die each year from being out in the frigid temperatures. We also know that outdoor play is beneficial to our children, and we want them to not only be able to enjoy the snow, but also to get exercise and fresh air. So how cold, exactly, is TOO cold to go outdoors?
As a rule of thumb, you should use the wind chill as the determining factor. When the wind chill is 32 degrees and above, it is safe to play outdoors. When it is 13 degrees to 31 degrees, kids should come indoors for breaks every 20-30 minutes. For wind chills 13 degrees and below, play should be moved indoors to prevent frostbite.
Keep in mind that children and especially babies are more sensitive to the cold temperatures than adults and can develop hypothermia quickly. If you are taking a baby out in the cold, dressing him or her in layers is key. But be careful not to over-do it, or they will become overheated, which is also very dangerous! As a general rule of thumb, your baby should be dressed in one more layer than you feel comfortable in. If you are comfortable in a long sleeved shirt, your baby should probably be wearing a long sleeved onesie plus another shirt on top of it.
Adults and kids alike need to dress appropriately when heading outdoors. Keep as much skin covered as possible to avoid frostbite! Refer to this chart provided by the National Weather Service regarding windchill and frostbite times. Stay safe!


Braddock Trail Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution was conceived on June 27, 1943, and organized on November 27, 1943, with sixty-three organizing members. Of these, seven were transfers from other chapters. Two ambitious sisters, who were Daughters by transfer, compiled data for the applicants of this new Chapter. For five months, Laura Hay (Mrs. James S.) Braddock of Mount Pleasant and Charlotte Hay (Mrs. R. Edward) Beard worked diligently to attract new members from the local area for the new chapter.
On December 15, 1943, the National Board of Management confirmed this fledgling Chapter as the Braddock Trail Chapter. Mrs. Braddock and Mrs. Beard suggested this name for the Chapter to commemorate the historic road which General Edward Braddock and his army passed over in 1775 on his journey to Fort Duquesne. This road came through what is now known as the Borough of Mount Pleasant.
The founding Daughters, now deceased, were active for thirty-five years. During this time, they enrolled over 200 members from Allegheny, Bedford, Fayette, Somerset, and Westmoreland Counties. With this large membership, it was difficult to find a suitable meeting place. At different times, the Chapter met in private homes, a disbanded schoolhouse, church parlors, American Legion home, Frick Hospital Nurses Home, and other places.


Here we will talk about recommended opioids for dental works with veterinary dental specialist Dr. Brett Beckman.
Veterinary dentistry is a specialty in the veterinary medicine where the veterinarian has undergone a specialty education in the field of dental care for animals. This specialty is oriented to the prevention of oral diseases and diagnosis and treatment of occurring oral diseases and disorders.
Opioids are narcotic drugs that bind to the opioid-receptors in the animal’s body and produce effects of analgesia, anesthesia and pain relief. In veterinary medicine, most commonly used opioids are: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (primarily used post surgery), corticosteroids, α 2 -Agonists (xylazine, medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, detomidine, and romifidine), ketamine, tramadol, gabapentin.
Watch this video to see which opioid drug Dr. Brett Beckman recommends for dental procedures depending on the case and the patient, and if there is underlying disease in question.
If you liked this video, learn more about “Veterinary Dentistry“.
Project dedicated to support and help to improve Veterinary Medicine. Sharing information and raising discussions in the veterinary community.


“Where are you going, Tupac?” Marisól asked.
“Out,” he said.
“With whom?” She stepped in to block him from the door. The combination of her bulk and moral authority were impenetrable.
He sighed. “With Carlitos and Nando.”
“Always those boys with their spray paint and skateboards and slang.”
“They’re good guys, Mamá. Carlitos is at the top of our class in school.”
“They are Spaniards, Tupac. You are Inca. Your great-great-great-grandfather…”
“I know. Pachacuti Inca, king of the whole Andes. Like, five hundred years ago.”
“You must never forget his blood flows in your veins.”
“They’re my friends, Mamá. Can I go now? Please?”
She let out a long sigh, then stepped aside. The boy was out the door and down the street in an instant.
She locked the deadbolt. The neighborhood was not what it had been.
Crime and poverty and, worst of all, the lying Catholic priests.
The only things the Spaniards ever gave us.
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui was the 9th Inca ruler (r. 1438 – 1471 CE) who founded their empire with conquests in the Cuzco Valley and beyond. Pachacuti is also credited with founding the site of Machu Picchu.
His title Pachacuti, which he gave himself on his accession, means ‘Reverser of the World’ or ‘Earth-shaker,’ and the same word was used by the Incas to refer to the epoch-changing event or ‘turning over of time and space’ which they believed occurred regularly through history.
An appropriate enough title, then, for a ruler who set his people on the road to prosperity and the creation of an empire which would eventually be the largest ever seen in the Americas.
In 1559 AD the Spanish discovered Pachacuti’s mummy, which had been secretly hidden by the Incas following the conquest. It was sent to Lima by Juan Polo de Ondegardo but was lost in transit or perhaps simply destroyed like so many other symbols of Inca culture.


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Ambient air Temperature Sensor
The approximately (ATC) or external air temperature sensor is an (NTC) an adverse temperature coefficient sensor that notifies the semiautomatic/automatic temperature regulate system of external air temperature. The NTC sensor"s resistance decreases as the exterior air temperature increases. The computer system uses this input, along with other in-car temperature sensors, to regulate temperature and also blower speed. When there"s a problem with this sensor, power suffers, and also the compressor"s clutch might not engage.Diagnose ambient waiting temperature sensor symptoms, choose an inoperative clutch or entry problems, through a scan tool and a multimeter. Factory and also many generic scan tools deserve to activate particular components; the compressor clutch is among them. If the clutch engages through the scan tool, over there is likely a difficulty with among the inputs. Verify any type of suspicions v a intuitive inspection of the sensor and also its connector. Usage a multimeter and also verify the manufacturer"s specifications (~ 220-240 ohms in ~ 70°-80° F), to check this sensor for suitable resistance. Automotive air conditioning solution use NTC sensors to monitor air temperature. The In-Car Temperature sensor (ICTS) is an NTC the monitors the air temperature of the passenger compartment.The ambient temperature sensor (ATS) monitors the air temperature exterior of the vehicle. The EATC compares these values and makes output decisions based upon the difference between these air temperatures.
LocationIn the illustration, the ambient wait temperature sensor is located behind the grill. It’s frequently located behind the grill or front bumper. This is why they’re sometimes damaged in a front end collision.
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Make Mental Math the New Literacy Program in Your SchoolJanuary 16, 2015
When was the last time you sounded out the word “and?” or “dog?” or, for that matter, any other word in this paragraph? We take for granted that we are able to read words without having to process them. As literate individuals, we know the words and can easily read them, put them in context and glean understanding.
The same concept applies to math. The ability to know that 1 + 1 = 2, without counting your fingers or drawing a diagram, is analogous to learning sight vocabulary.
This is called mental math, and we actually use it every day. Adding 20 percent to your restaurant bill for a tip? Figuring out the lowest cost for produce at the grocery store, you’re doing some quick math in your head. That’s mental math.
Despite its practical, everyday use, mental math skills are woefully neglected in U.S. classrooms and underappreciated in a digital age where every smartphone comes loaded with a calculator. We all should be able to “read” a basic math problem, such as 1/2 off a $30 sweater without pencil and paper or a calculator.
In Singapore, students learn how to do many calculations by mental math. They start in kindergarten with number bonds, so that they easily understand the links and associations between numbers. The first year Singapore Math® was implemented in my school, I saw that the power of basic number bonds was misunderstood and underutilized.
Through professional development and coaching, we came to understand the importance of number bonds and other mental math strategies in improving math success. We have fewer students reaching for pencil and paper. We have more students confident in their math skills and progressing more quickly through complicated lessons.
As educators, we need to spend more time on helping our students deeply understand the fundamentals of math and mental math.
Both are lifelong skills that, when our students become numerically fluent, they can and will rival the best in the world.


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About this book
About this book
From the publisher's blurb: 'Provides an account of the story behind genetically engineered plants, covering the controversial birth of the field, its sudden death, phoenix-like reemergence, and ultimate triumph as not only a legitimate field of science but a new tool of multinational corporate interests. Also looks ahead to the potential impact this revolutionary technology will have on human welfare.'
Appendix 1. Cesium Chloride Density Gradients and Their Use in DNA Analysis.Appendix 2. Hybridization Experiments with DNA.Appendix 3. What Classical Genetics Says About Transformation Experiments.Appendix 4. Plasmids, Transposons, and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria.Appendix 5. Liposomes.Appendix 6. Cell Electroporation.1. Where it all Began.2. Genetic Experiments.3. The Crown Gall Breakthrough.4. Direct Gene Transfer.5. Where We Are Now, and the Future.
Paul F. Lurquin is professor of genetics at Washington State University, School of Molecular Biosciences. He lives in Pullman, WA.
173 pages, B/w plates, figs
Lurquin's book is the first to describe accurately the history of plant genetic engineering. For students labouring at the bench and getting frustrated at the lack of reproducibility of their experiments, reading this work will provide reassurance. Even scientists who are no longer at the bench... will find it an important reminder that research is a demanding task, with much disappointment and controversy, and few successes. Nature


Shooting Line to Become a Straight Shooter
By Nathan Edick, Just Hoops
In order to become a great shooter, you must become a straight shooter first. From your shooting pocket you must move the basketball along your shooting line to eliminate any rounded or wasted movements. Your shooting line consists of:
1). Lead Foot
2). Lead Hip
A vertical/straight line must connect to all 5 parts of your shooting line. Capture your shooting line using video and/or pictures to see the path of the basketball from your pocket to your release point. Be precise. A lack of precision is dangerous when the margin for error is small.


DESPITE a sustained sensitisation campaign calling on pregnant mothers to deliver at hospitals, the number of those giving birth at home is increasing. Statistics from Muhanga District alone indicate that between July 2012 and June 2013, the district registered 96 cases of mothers who delivered from home. This is higher than the previous year which had seen only about 60 cases.
The dangers of giving birth at home are grave. Usually home deliveries are not carried out by qualified mid-wives. In case of a complication during delivery, the baby might die or even the mother.
Leaders at all levels should continue sensitising expectant mothers about the importance of going for ante-natal care and giving birth in a hospital under the care of a qualified health worker. Cultural and traditional beliefs which remain the big hindrance should also be addressed accordingly.
Delivering from home puts the life of the mother and the baby at risk. The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with health partners, has devised a national mother and child healthcare plan, which requires all pregnant women to give birth in a community health centre or hospital. But this has not stopped pregnant women from delivering in their homes putting the life of the mother and the un-born baby at risk. This plan should be aggressively pursued by all stakeholders, especially leaders at the local level. Many of the women who shun health centres are in the rural areas.
Government has decentralised healthcare and this means that every expectant mother can easily access a health centre within their locality. Delivering from a health centre will help reduce maternal and child mortality rates in the country. The Ministry of Health should increase awareness campaigns and work hand-in-hand with community health workers to address the challenge.


When you write your drafts, be sure to leave room for comments from the peer-editor (or teacher). Traditionally, that has meant "wide margins" and "double-line spacing."
Try to leave a 3cm white space on the left and right of the page in your drafts. (This is why I suggested a notebook at least B5 size). If you have lined paper, it probably has a line margin on the left. It might or might not have a line on the right. You might want to leave even more space than the line indicates.
Double-line spacing means that you skip a line when you write
if you are writing with lines, or that you change the line-spacing
option in the word-processor so that it looks more like this.
In MSWord, line-spacing is under the Format Paragraphs section. However, line spacing in MSWord is dependent on the font-type you use, so Arial, Times Roman, and especially, the Korean-style (Korean-named) fonts may have more or less spacing between lines. So if "double-space" or "1.5" doesn't give you the gap you want, you can control it by saying "exactly 20pt" or whatever. (So if your font is 10pt, 20pt is double.) There is a good grammar-check in MSWord, see http://rjdickey-write.blogspot.kr/2012/06/msword-grammarcheck-settings.html
In Arae Hangul (HWP) they use a percentage system. Standard in HWP is 160, which looks good for hangul letters but is about 1.5 for English. 110 is about right for single-space in English type, so 200 or 220 will be double-line spacing in English. See more about line-spacing and page formatting in HWP at http://rjdickey-write.blogspot.com/2012/07/hwp-page-formatting.html


Lot 316: Geologist (1797–1875) referred to as the 'father of modern geology,' and close and influential friend of Charles Darwin. ALS signed "Cha Lyell," one page, 3.75 x 6, February 12, 1867. Short letter to H. Jenkins. In full: "If you are not already invited will you accept an invitation from me to dine as my guest at the anniversary of the Geological Soc'y on Friday next (15th inst.)." In fine condition, with some scattered light soiling and a couple of pencil notations. Founded in 1807, the London Geological Society is the oldest known geological society in the world. After serving a term as president of the society, Lyell befriended Darwin upon his return on the Beagle—between January 1837 and March 1838, Darwin became a central figure in the Geological Society, presenting four papers on his Beagle findings and serving as the group's secretary.
RR Auction's Fine Autographs and Artifacts Auction 453
Sunday, 17th May 2015
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Edmund Burke, long considered modern conservatism's founding father, is also widely believed to be an opponent of empire. However, Daniel O'Neill turns that latter belief on its head. This fresh and innovative book shows that Burke was a passionate supporter and staunch defender of the British Empire in the eighteenth century, whether in the New World, India, or Ireland. Moreover - and against a growing body of contemporary scholarship that rejects the very notion that Burke was an exemplar of conservatism - O'Neill demonstrates that Burke's defense of empire was in fact ideologically consistent with his conservative opposition to the French Revolution. Burke's logic of empire relied on two opposing but complementary theoretical strategies: Ornamentalism, which stressed cultural similarities between "civilized" societies, as he understood them, and Orientalism, which stressed the putative cultural differences distinguishing "savage" societies from their "civilized" counterparts. This incisive book also shows that Burke's argument had lasting implications, as his development of these two justifications for empire prefigured later intellectual defenses of British imperialism.
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Person A tried to catch a falling patio door and ended up losing a fingertip, a nail, and a broken finger joint as the door slammed his fingers against the dock plate. He went to the ER afterwards and had plastic surgery. Person B then asked him whether the nail will grow back or not and he responded:
Plastic surgeon said I should have half a nail when all is said and done. My first three fingers should be about level from what I can tell.
From what I looked up the phrase when all is said and done have more than one meaning and the ones I found are as follows. They all seem applicable, but is there one that's most appropriate to the context? Or does it mean something else that I did not find?
- when everything is considered
- when everything is finished and settled (I'm guessing settle here means to decide or arrange something finally?)
- in the end; ultimately
- used when you are about to tell someone the most important fact in a situation
Another question I have is, when he said his first three fingers should be about level from what he can tell, what does he mean by level?
From OALD, two senses of level that I think relates to the context are:
- having a flat surface that does not slope
- having the same height, position, value, etc. as something
However, both senses doesn't seem to make sense to me because I figured fingertips are curved right? and only one of his first three fingers had a fingertip torn off. And certainly all first three fingers cannot have the same height if I understood definition 2 correctly. So what does he mean?


People who have suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) are twice as likely to have an MI as the general population, making it particularly important for clinicians to screen such patients for signs of heart disease.
Researchers analyzed data from 456 participants of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (mean age: 72 years; 43% men). All subjects had been diagnosed with a TIA between 1985 and 1994 (Stroke. 2011;42:935-940).
By the end of 2006, average annual incidence of MI after TIA was about 1%, or nearly double that of the general population. Male gender, older age, and use of cholesterol-lowering drugs independently increased the risk.
The average length of time from first TIA to MI was five years. The heart-attack victims were three times more likely to die during study follow-up than were the TIA patients who had no subsequent MI.
Several lifestyle measures can help patients improve cardiovascular health and minimize the chance of developing atrial fibrillation. A team led by Alvaro Alonso MD, MPH, PhD, recently found that overcoming such cardiovascular risk factors as high BP, smoking, and being overweight could potentially prevent more than half of all cases of atrial fibrillation (published online ahead of print by Circulation).


immigration, Danish-America, Danish communities
It falls outside the framework of this small dissertation to give personal historical narratives of Danes who have put down roots in the American soil, starting from the time when Jens Munk (15751628) and Vitus Bering (1681-1741) came to America’s inhospitable northernmost regions during their travels of discovery and down through the time when the actual immigration from Denmark got its start around 1850. Some names can be recognized such as Jonas Bronck (died 1643), after whom the great section of the Bronx in New York is named, Hans Christian Fibiger (1749-1796), who served as an officer under Washington, the historian Paul Christian Sinding, who was professor in Scandinavian Languages and Literature at New York University in the middle of the 19th century, and many others. To those who wish information about these men’s lives and works in America, I refer to Pastor P. S. Vig’s (1854-1929) biographical narratives. We can especially thank Pastor Vig for the fact that we have anything at all about these men and women, who participated in the colonizing and cultural work from the first days of the American Colonies, up through the beginning of the actual period of immigration. Such narratives are found in Pastor Vig’s book Danes in America, published by Danish Lutheran Publishing House, Blair, Nebraska, 1900 as well as in C. Rasmussen Publishing Co.’s work Danes in America, Minneapolis, Minn. 1908, the first volume of which (completed 1909) is to a great extent built upon Pastor Vig’s and Pastor R. Andersen’s narrations. In the fall of 1906 I myself wrote, upon a request from the Danish Embassy, a dissertation in English “Danes in America,” which was to be a chapter in a historical work “The Builders of the Nation” and which would be published by the American Historical Association of Chicago.
"Where we Build and Live,"
The Bridge: Vol. 35
, Article 9.
Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/thebridge/vol35/iss1/9


A new federal proposal would task grid operators, states and utilities with planning a grid that can support clean energy over the long term — and fairly share the costs of building it. For more, read The US needs to build a bigger, stronger grid. FERC has a plan for that.
- The U.S. has abundant clean energy sources but the grid does not reliably connect those sources with population centers that need it the most.
- The proposal, approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC), would require all regulated transmission providers to undertake planning in a “sufficiently long-term, forward-looking basis to meet transmission needs driven by changes in the resource mix and demand.
- Providers would also need to consider a number of factors in determining the benefits of regional transmission plans to be weighed against the costs of building them. For example, converting to clean energy sources may be more expensive in the short term but would pay off in the long run.
- The proposal is not final. Stakeholders — including transmission grid operators, state utility and energy regulators, transmission-owning utilities, independent transmission and energy developers — will have months to comment on the proposal before FERC votes on a final rule, potentially before the end of this year.
Path to 100% Perspective:
The Path to 100% will vary across the world, however the transition must include more clean energy sources, like wind and solar, while reducing the use of fossil fuels like coal. To get there, energy producers must be willing to invest and prepare for future technologies and fuel sources. In addition, governments at all levels must be willing to work with providers by passing laws and regulations that will allow for innovation and progress, even if the benefits are not seen immediately. This FERC proposal is encouraging because it appears to pave the way for that cooperation.


Introduction to Philosophy/Transcendentalist Theology Transcendentalism
Transcendentalist Theology concept supports existentialism in the way it relates to man's responsibility for his own soul with the premise that human fallibility and misconceptions have labeled spirituality as God for the past several millennia; as one who interferes with the natural forces and free will of people by threatening punishment to those who disobey his bidding. The spiritual existence of this deity, if one decides to accept this premise, could not have changed with the times but the perception of who or what this deity is should change as societies eliminate their superstitious beliefs. This “God” could not possibly be encumbered by human attributes, needs or desires to be worshiped, prayed to, exalted, venerated, deified, or anything else that mankind has to offer. It is also the human characteristics and attributes that exercise upon others: power, control, dominance, destruction, punishment, revenge, and judgment.
The destruction of civilizations, most sufferings and premature deaths are due to human frailties, stupidity or imperfections and are not God's doings. The true “God” is a Spiritual Unity that exists in a spiritual realm and never has and never will interfere with anything on earth or in the universe. God is interested in and is involved in humanity, but does not interfere in any way in our physical lives. God guides the development of the universe and everything thereon like a Master Planner. Our relationship and interaction of our spirit with the Spirit of God is for our, not God's benefit.


(Received 4 September 1979; accepted 26 September 1979)
Published Online: April
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Cite this document
A new method of measuring relative brain size (relative to the skull cavity) at autopsy is presented. It is convenient and accurate and may be applied almost routinely. It consists of measuring the volume of the brain and the fluids surrounding it. These two volumes together must equal the intracranial volume. An abbreviated method consists of relating the fluid volume to the brain weight. This abbreviated method should not be routinely relied on when the brain size deviates slightly from normal. A review of the pertinent literature shows that other existing methods of determining relative brain size are impractical. The significance of measuring peri-brain fluids at the time of brain removal has not been appreciated prior to this report.
Adjunct assistant professor of pathology and forensic neuropathologist, Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque,
Stock #: JFS12124J


At the Crossroads
Series: 8th Fire
Some inappropriate language is evident when a clip of the program "Blackstone" is shown. Educators are advised to preview all video programs before using them in the classroom.
At the close of the 8th Fire series, we meet young First Nations people preparing to change the future, determined to light the 8th Fire and build a new relationship with Canada. A fascinating range of artists, activists and business people take us through ways to shed the colonial past and to build new pathways in education and economic development. This is all in pursuit of a new relationship to replace 500 years of conflict and injustices. In a forest in Quebec, Huron Wendat artist Teharihulen Michel Savard picks up a rifle and fires. His target: the 143-year-old Indian Act, colonial legislation that to this day governs the lives of most First Nations people. Realistic footage of reserves is included in the video and Regina's First Nations University of Canada is also featured. Answers to the challenges are suggested and positive messages are included.


National Level Science Talent Search Examination Result
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National Level Science Talent Search Examination-2018
NSTSE is a diagnostic test which helps students improve their overall learning ability and educational performance.
Unlike other tests which may only find out how much a student knows or has memorised, NSTSE measures how well a student has understood the concepts and provides a detailed feedback on the same, to help him/her improve.
Thus NSTSE helps each student to know early, whether he/she has properly understood a concept, so that immediate action can be taken to correct the aberration and pave a path for improvement. Often, students develop conceptual gaps which increase as the students go to higher classes and turn those into a ‘phobia’ for the subject.
School tests – including board exams – tend to test children superficially, only to the extent what they have memorised. But the important skills like the ability to think independently and reason logically – most critical in today’s world – are often not aimed at or tested in school tests.
The focus on fundamentals is very important as when the child finishes studies he/she will have to face the competitive world armed with those fundamentals. Even while opting for higher studies, a student has to go through a complete scan of what he/she knows and how much. Exams like IIT-JEE, AIEEE, AFMC, AIIMS, GRE, GMAT, CAT etc., are designed to test the fundamental strength of a student. Hence the need of the hour is to build the fundamental-base as strong and as early as possible. This exactly is the philosophy behind Unified Council’s NSTSE.
In NSTSE, the emphasis for assessment of scholastic skills is mainly on Mathematics and Science.
NSTSE is unlike other tests in many different ways. It
has interesting questions that require thinking, not simply a recall
provides detailed skill-wise feedback highlighting strengths and weaknesses
provides a benchmark of the student’s performance and his/her peers.


Inherent System Collapse Under Capitalism?
Scholars like Schumpeter and Bowles et al. have suggested that a central tenet of capitalism is the “ceaseless accumulation of wealth,” or the “inexorable tendency…to expand.” Contrary to the 2011 report issued by the National Geographic, which gives a more optimistic evaluation of the state of our global environment, environmental scholars and analysts, including Daly, have argued that this type of expansion or economic growth require ever-increasing levels of consumption of natural resources, which in turn both strain already scarce resources and create levels of pollution that threaten the health of humans and natural ecosystems. Levels of consumption and pollution that, in a word, are unsustainable. This seems to suggest that we cannot achieve both a healthy economy and environmental sustainability under capitalism. Moreover, it seems to suggest that capitalism is inherently unstable—vulnerable to system collapse, given its inability to curb consumption or to appreciate ecological limits (considerations of carrying capacity).
Do you agree that environmental sustainability is not possible under contemporary capitalism? Why or why not? Your answer must discuss one real-world example that illustrates your conclusion.


Note: this is part 2 of 3 in my series of how the new administration may impact environmental law and policy in the Pacific Northwest. For background, please see Part 1.
One of the key factors influencing environmental law and policy in the Pacific Northwest is the presence of and obligations owed to a number of tribes that are parties to treaties with the United States that extend back to the 1850s. The Federal Government has, historically, taken an active role in defining and enforcing those treaty rights on behalf of the tribes, and takes quite seriously its government-to-government obligations with respect to those tribes as sovereign entities (a good summary list, prepared in 2009 by the White House-Indian Affairs Executive Working Group is available here).
Continue Reading The View From The Pacific Northwest: What to Watch in Environmental Law and Policy Post-Inauguration, Part 2


1 Answer | Add Yours
One of the most influential events from the 1400s to 1865 is the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The nation was still in its infancy, and clearly the original constitution, The Articles of Confederation, were not successfully working; they had created a weak government, one that could not collect taxes, regulate trade, or enforce its laws. When the framers, including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison, met again on May 25, 1787 in Pennsylvania to discuss the problematic nature of the Articles, one of the most important questions was whether or not to try and fix the Articles or write an entirely new constitution. The framers decided that a completely new document was needed, one that could forge a stronger national government. This moment in American history changed the format of our nation, molding it into the stronger national government we now have today with the creation of the Constitution of the United States.
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Preserving Neighborhoods with Community Land Trust
Cities across the country are facing a housing crisis. Both renters and homeowners are struggling to navigate skyrocketing housing costs and stagnant wages. Low-income people of color, in particular, are being hit hardest as they face both residential and cultural displacement. Community land trusts have historically served as a viable strategy for both organizing residents and preserving low-income communities of color.
This webinar will highlight the significance of community land trusts as an equitable development strategy for preventing the displacement of low-income people of color in gentrifying neighborhoods.
Please join Ashley Allen from Houston Community Land Trust and Zachary Murray from Oakland Community Land Trust as they discuss the history of community land trusts as a civil rights strategy for preserving communities of color and some of the successes, challenges, and lessons learned in their efforts to use to develop community land trusts in their respective cities.
- Ashley Allen, Executive Director, Houston Community Land Trust
- Zachary Murray, Program Manager, Oakland Community Land Trust


Credit Rationing and Effective Supply Failures
NBER Working Paper No. 1619
This paper presents two macro models in which central bank policy has real effects on the supply side of the economy due to credit rationing. In each model, there are two possible regimes, depending on whether credit is or is not rationed. Starting from an unrationed equilibrium, either a large enough contraction of bank reserves or a large enough rise in aggregate demand can lead to rationing. Monetary (fiscal) policy is shown to be more (less) powerful when there is rationing than when there is not. In the first model, credit rationing reduces working capital. There is a failure of effective supply in that credit-starved firms must reduce production below national supply. The resulting excess demand in the goods market may in turn drive prices up and reduce the real supply of credit further, leading to further reductions in supply and a stagflationary spiral. In the second model, credit rationing reduces investment, which cuts into both aggregate demand and supply. Despite the effect on demand, stagflationary instability is still possible. A rise in government spending crowds out investment in the rationed regime but crowds in investment in the unrationed regime.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w1619
Published: Blinder, Alan S. "Credit Rationing and Effective Supply Failures," from The Economic Journal, Vol. 97, No. 386, June 1987, pp. 327-352. citation courtesy of
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About This Product
BY MICHAEL MILONE
The Test of Handwriting Skills, Revised (THS-R) assesses a child's neurosensory integration skills in both manuscript and cursive writing -- skills that are often disrupted in students with learning difficulties. The revised edition features simplified scoring and administration, an extended age range (up to 18 years, 11 months), and clarified scoring criteria. Subjects are asked to perform the following tasks:
- Write from memory letters of the alphabet, in upper- and lowercase, in alphabetical sequence
- Write from dictation letters of the alphabet, out of alphabetical order, in upper- and lowercase
- Write from dictation 8 numbers out of numerical order
- Copy 12 uppercase letters out of alphabetical sequence
- Copy 10 lowercase letters out of alphabetical sequence
- Copy 6 words
- Copy 2 sentences
- Write 6 words from dictation
The THS-R also assesses writing speed, letter reversal, and case substitutions. It can be used with any of the popular handwriting programs (such as the Palmer, Zaner-Bloser, and D'Nealian) and allows you to monitor the progress of students with disabilities.
Appropriate for individuals aged 5 to 18, the test can be administered and scored in 25 minutes. Individually or group administered, the THS-R provides an Overall standard score, scaled subtest scores, percentiles, and stanines. Norms are based on a nationally stratified sample of 1,500 individuals.
The test provides insight to teachers, occupational therapists, and educational therapists who are helping children improve their handwriting legibility. A training CD-ROM is included in the Kit to assist practitioners in the scoring process.


Last month, the U.S. State Department released the 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report. As in previous years, the report noted serious shortcomings in the Haitian government's efforts to prevent and respond to human trafficking. There is some good news, though - in 2014 the Haitian government enacted a law to criminalize human trafficking which is a welcome and much-needed step. The country narrative for Haiti follows below.
The UN has released its 2014 Humanitarian Action Plan for Haiti. While 89% of camp residents have moved out and significant progress has been made against cholera, significant challenges remain such as halting environmental degradation and reducing vulnerability to disasters. The plan focuses on meeting the basic needs of those remaining in the camps, addressing the cholera epidemic, increasing food security, and strengthening the leadership and capacity of national authorities. A summary of the plan follows.
Most agree that efforts to protect the safety, dignity and rights of the most vulnerable populations (women, children, the disabled, the elderly, etc.) in post earthquake Haiti could and should have been more effective. Women and children are still vulnerable to a range of protection threats including sexual abuse/exploitation and human trafficking. Interaction, an advocacy group for American non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has released two reports, on improving protection and on preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV) respectively. Both are thorough, well thought out, and are copied below.


Students undertaking this unit will gain an appreciation of Coptic history and the theological meaning behind the icon. Emphasis will be placed on the "writing" of icons as an important method of translating the invisible divine, into the visible image. Students will study the important role of Coptic art in Coptic culture and its role in liturgical life. Finally, students will learn iconographic techniques such as preparation, design, colouring and gilding in the writing of an icon. They will explore the meaning, theology, and symbols rooted in the holy bible.
Write a coherent in-depth statement about the aims of icons in the Church.
Reflect thoughtfully on the role of the iconographer within the life of the Church.
Analyse the technical issues related to iconography.
Develop fundamental skills such as design, gilding and colouring.
Combination of lectures and practical classes
Paper 1500 words
Preparation of an icon Equivalent of 2000 words
Unit approved for the University of Divinity by John Capper on 19 Oct, 2017
Unit Record last updated: 2019-05-22 13:38:32 +1000


Children who eat breakfast have better overall nutrition and lower body mass indexes than kids who skip the meal. While ready-to-eat cereals are a popular choice, many of these cereals are high in sugar, adding “empty” calories to breakfast.
Researchers tested children’s choices of cereals at a summer day camp where they offered three high-sugar cereals to one group and three low-sugar cereals to another group. They also offered milk, sugar packets, orange juice, and sliced bananas and strawberries. The children were randomly placed in separate dining areas and allowed to eat as much as they wanted. After breakfast they completed questionnaires regarding their taste preferences. Researchers recorded the amount of food consumed and calculated the calories.
All children participating responded that they liked or loved the cereals they ate. Children in the low-sugar group consumed slightly more than one serving of cereal, while those in the high-sugar group ate two servings. Even though low-sugar children added sugar to their cereal, they consumed much less sugar overall (.7 teaspoons) compared to high-sugar children (5.7 teaspoons). Low-sugar cereal children were more likely (54%) to put fresh fruit on their cereal than those eating high-sugar cereals (8%).
The authors conclude that children will eat the cereals they are served and even with sugar added, low-sugar cereal is a superior nutritional choice.


The Cognitive Side of MS
The damage done to the nerves by MS also affects your critical thinking and other cognitive skills. It’s not uncommon for people with multiple sclerosis to suffer from problems with memory and finding the right words to express themselves. Lack of concentration and attention is also common. Problem-solving skills and spatial relations can also be affected by the breakdown of myelin. Cognitive inadequacies can lead to frustration, depression, and anger.
A Silent Disease
MS is labeled as a “silent disease” or “invisible disability.” Many people with MS look no different from a healthy person because some of the symptoms, such as blurred vision, sensory problems, and chronic pain, are not visible. Someone with MS may need accommodations even though they don’t have mobility issues and seem “fine.” Multiple sclerosis is also called a silent disease because even during remission the disease still progresses. This is sometimes referred to as the “silent progression” of MS.
From Healthline ~


Questions about Concrete Answered - The Basics
by Super User, 1 year ago
Support for this video comes from Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering/
Concrete is the most important construction material on earth and foundation of our modern society. At first glance it seems rudimentary, but there is a tremendous amount of complexity involved in every part of designing and placing concrete. This video is meant to be a bare-bones introduction to the topic, with a cool demonstration of concrete strength using a hydraulic press.
Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License


GCN at 25 | X marks the spot
Guessing what the dominant technology of the future will be is, at best, a precarious undertaking. In the June 24, 1991, edition, GCN reported that the Defense Department declared the X Window as the standard user interface.
If you wanted a pretty computer screen full of icons ' and not a mere command line to befuddle your users ' you would write your application to run on X Window, DOD decreed.
Originally developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology the decade before, X Window, or just X or X11 for short, seemed like a good choice. It was ' and remains ' robust. It ran on almost all operating systems and most vendors supported it.
How would the Pentagon know that a then relatively obscure and somewhat shaky single-platform operating system with a built-in user interface would end up supplying most of the agency's graphical user interface needs by the end of the decade?
The Microsoft Windows operating system had been out for six years by 1991 but didn't start its ascendancy to monopoly-proportioned levels of popularity until the release of Version 3.0 the year earlier.
X hasn't been left on the dunghill of obscurity however ' it serves today as the basis for most Linux desktops, which have been chasing after Microsoft Windows' market share for more than 10 years now.


For nearly 50 years, the IUCN Global Species Programme and the Species Survival Commission (SSC) has been assessing the conservation status of species, subspecies, and populations on a global and regional scale to highlight those threatened with extinction, to guide conservation action.
As it is not possible to evaluate all known species, IUCN and the SSC are working with partners to cover key taxonomic groups. The Biodiversity Assessment Initiative has been established as a collaborative effort between IUCN the SSC and the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International. It aims to provide an effective method for gathering and disseminating the most accurate scientific data available for biodiversity conservation.
IUCN and the SSC remain committed to providing the world with the most objective, scientifically-based information on the current status of global biodiversity. All assessment work carried out under the Biodiversity Assessment Initiative and other IUCN SSC programmes feeds into the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.


People in lower-level occupations feel less healthy
People working in jobs at elementary or lower level feel less healthy than those employed in higher-level jobs. Unemployed and disabled people also rate their own health as less good than employed people.
One in five people in lower-level jobs feel less healthy
Nearly one in five people working in elementary or lower-level positions (e.g. shop assistants, window cleaners and lorry drivers) rate their own health as less good. The rate for people working in jobs at higher or university level (e.g. teachers, managers and doctors) is one in ten. The difference in perceived health status between the various occupational levels is larger in the male than in the female working population.
Perceived health status by occupational level and gender, 2004/2008
In particular older people in lower jobs feel less healthy
One quarter of people in the age category 50-65 working in elementary or lower-level jobs do not feel very healthy. The proportion is much higher than among young people working at this level. At other occupational levels, older people also rate their own health as less good than young people. The effect of age is more obvious in men than in women.
Perceived health status by occupational level and age, 2004/2008
Unemployed and disabled feel less healthy than employed people
The proportion of people who rate their own health status as poor is twice as high among unemployed persons as among employed persons. More than three quarters of disabled persons feel less healthy. This is not surprising, given the fact that bad health is often at the basis of disability. Only younger disabled relatively often perceive their own health status as good or very good.
Perceived health status by situation on the labour market, 2004/2008


“It is the date of the Templar's massive defeat by Muslim armies in the Holy Land at the Horns of Hattin on 4 July AD 1187, which was followed by the loss of
to Christendom. There could therefore hardly be a more evocative 'Templar' or 'Solomonic' date than 4 July - evocative, that is, of the aspiration to build Solomon's Jerusalem Temple in . The reader will also be aware, of course, that 4 July is Independence Day in the US, commemorating the signature of the Declaration of Independence and converting the date forever into a powerful talisman that spells out 'Independence' and 'Freedom" for the New World and, now by and large, for a new world order.” -Graham Hancock and Robert Buaval, “Talisman” (470) Jerusalem
The symbol for the U.S. dollar is $, sometimes with one or two vertical lines. The “S” and “I” have nothing to do with “dollars” and everything to do with “
ISIS.” The Egyptian Goddess of the Moon and Sirius was “ ISIS” and this is the most common name for her used by the Brotherhood. The dollar sign is actually an occult talisman to this Illuminati Goddess. This is why both the Statue of Liberty/Isis and her dollars are both the same color green. The ancient roots of the word Moon were “mon” and “min” which is why we have “money” made at the “mint.” The very idea of money and symbolic currency comes from ancient secret societies.
“Silver was connected with the moon and therefore with the Goddesses of the moon, the most famous of which was and is
ISIS. So her name became the symbol of money. We find this today in the cleverly camouflaged motif - $- which is nothing more than the sigil for the name of I-S-I-S, but fused together in an ingenious manner.” -Michael Tsarion, “Astrotheology and Sidereal Mythology”
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How many proper nouns can you find? Kids can pick a room inside or go outside to identify as many proper nouns as they can. Remember—friends, family, books, movies, businesses, and street names all count!
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British Columbia Outdoor Wilderness Guide
Description - The male mallard duck has a greyish
body, chestnut coloured breast and a green head with white
neck rings. The inner feathers of the wings are a metallic
purplish-blue, bordered in the front and back with white.
The female mallard is a mottled brown with a white tail
and the feathers of the inner wing are also purplish-blue.
The bill is a mottled orange and brown.
Distribution - The mallard duck breeds in the north
and winters in the south, along coasts. They inhabit marshes,
ponds and marshy lakes.
- In midwinter mallards form pairs and migrate northward
together heading for the female's place of origin. There
they will build a down-lined nest to place the 8-10 light
olive-green eggs. The male duck stays until incubation
is well underway, then leaves to join a flock of other
males. They often interbreed with domestic ducks, producing
a variety of odd-looking hybrids. Mallard ducks are a
normally shy creature but do occasionally become tame
in city parks and on reservoirs.


Troedsson Villa is a small wooden house situated on the grounds of a former temple within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Nikko, Japan, which is home to the famous Toshogu Shrine, Rinnoji Temple, Futarasan Shrine, Tayuin Temple, as well as numerous other sites of spiritual significance dating back to 700 AD.
The house, built in 1931, it is regarded as the first collaborative design by the Czech born Architect Antonin Raymond (b.1888 - d. 1976) and Japanese architect Junzo Yoshimura (b.1908 - d.1997).
Antonin Raymond arrived in Japan in 1919 to work with Frank Lloyd Wright on the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and, together with his wife, Noemi, who was a textile designer, lived in Japan for a total of 43 years. He ultimately established himself as a pioneer of modern architecture in Japan, and an instrumental figure in rebuilding the country after both the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and World War II (Oshima, Japan Architect, Spring 1999).
Troedsson Villa was the first house Junzo Yoshimura, then only 21, was to oversee under Raymond, who he had begun working for while still in school. He was credited by Raymond as contributing significantly to its design. Yoshimura went on to become one of the most influential modern architects in Japan and also designed several buildings in the U.S. such as the Japan Society Headquarters building in NYC, Shofuso in Philadelphia (originally built in the garden of the old Museum of Modern Art), and a Nelson Rockefeller residence in Pocantico Hills.


Say I have a definition and I am trying to find an English word that represents it, and I provide an example of said word (think word=fruit, example=apple). Someone gives me a word whose definition is a superset of mine (think food). How would I go about expressing "My example is contained within the definition of the word you suggested."? contained does not seem very sound here. I am looking for a word that is used commonly.
- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
"Contained by" is a reasonable enough choice.
A more precise usage would be
These each have precisely the meaning you are seeking, that a word defines something that is contained within the definition of another.
Neither are particularly common words though. If this distinction comes up often for you, they are worth learning, but if it's important, as you say, to use a common word, then I'd say keep with contained; it's not as precise but that's the cost of keeping to more common words.
You could say your example is included in his definition, or that your word is a subset of his word.


The origin of mitochondria was a major evolutionary transition leading to eukaryotes, and is a hotly debated issue. It is unknown whether mitochondria were acquired early or late, and whether it was captured via phagocytosis or syntrophic integration. We present dynamical models to directly simulate the emergence of mitochondria in an ecoevolutionary context. Our results show that regulated farming of prey bacteria and delayed digestion can facilitate the establishment of stable endosymbiosis if prey-rich and prey-poor periods alternate. Stable endosymbiosis emerges without assuming any initial metabolic benefit provided by the engulfed partner, in a wide range of parameters, despite that during good periods farming is costly. Our approach lends support to the appearance of mitochondria before any metabolic coupling has emerged, but after the evolution of primitive phagocytosis by the urkaryote.
Zachar I, Szilágyi A, Számadó Sz et al: Farming the mitochondrial ancestor... (2018)
Zachar István, Szilágyi András, Számadó Szabolcs, Szathmáry Eörs
Farming the mitochondrial ancestor as a model of endosymbiotic establishment by natural selection
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 115:(E1504) p. E1510.
az MTA ÖK szintjén kiemelt publikáció


Scientists are always looking for fundamental laws—patterns that can explain the way the world works in a nice, consistent manner. They find these laws in the conservation of energy, the laws of quantum mechanics, the flow of fluids and, now, the flow of urine. According to New Scientist, mathematicians have worked out the law of urination for mammals. Jacob Aron writes:
While filming at a local zoo, they noticed that animals of various sizes, both male and female, took a similar time to empty their bladders.
The team filmed rats, dogs, goats, cows and elephants urinating and gathered footage from YouTube of others relieving themselves. Combining this with data on mass, bladder pressure and urethra size, they were able to create a mathematical model of urinary systems to show why mammals take the same time to empty their bladder, despite the difference in bladder size.
It turns out that they all take an average of about 21 seconds to empty their bladders, nearly regardless of how big they are. There are some exceptions. Very small mammals like rats and bats urinate very quickly, in under a second, while elephants are big enough that gravity accelerates their urine so fast that they beat out most mid-sized mammals in the pee race.
According to the researchers, who published their preliminary results on ArXiv, there’s a good reason to study urination time. “This study may help in the diagnosis of urinary problems in animals and in inspiring the design of scalable hydrodynamic systems based on those in nature,” they write.
More from Smithsonian.com:


Unnatural divides: Species protection in a fragmented legal landscape.
Wallace, P. J. (2016). Unnatural divides: Species protection in a fragmented legal landscape. Policy Quarterly, 12(1), 10–16.
Permanent Research Commons link: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10005
Human use and development reshapes land, reconstitutes water, consumes space and natural resources and alters faunal compositions. This presents significant challenges to policy makers and wildlife conservation managers mandated to maintain and enhance biological diversity. In New Zealand a sizeable public conservation estate (approximately one third of the land area) buffers these inroads; however, limitations in terms of the representativeness and extent of the estate (Ministry for the Environment, 2007, p.3; Craig et al., 2000, p.66), conservation management budgetary constraints (Controller and AuditorGeneral, 2012, p.26) and elevated levels of threatened endemic species (IUCN, 2013) mean that more universal efforts are required to protect threatened species in all environments in New Zealand.
Institute for Governance and Policy Studies Victoria University
This article is published in the Policy Quarterly. Used with permission.


Rites of Spring - The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age
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- United States
More informationDazzling in its originality, Rites of Spring probes the origins, impact, and aftermath of World War I, from the premiere of Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring in 1913 to the death of Hitler in 1945. "The Great War," as Modris Eksteins writes, "was the psychological turning point . . . for modernism as a whole. The urge to create and the urge to destroy had changed places."
Eksteins goes on to chart the seismic shifts in human consciousness brought about by this great cataclysm through the lives and words of ordinary people, works of literature, and such events as Lindbergh's transatlantic flight and the publication of the first modern bestseller, All Quiet on the Western Front.
Rites of Spring is a remarkable and rare work, a cultural history that redefines the way we look at our past and toward our future.


As a kid, the hardest life gets is trying to decide whether to play video games, pick your nose or jump on the bed, but a new study in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine reveals teenagers who endure a lot of interpersonal stress, like family problems and harassment by peers, had increased blood levels of C-reactive protein, linked to chronic inflammation leading to cardiovascular disease as adults. Scientists asked 69 high school seniors to keep daily records of interpersonal strife for two weeks and discovered daily stress-inducers boosted C-reactive protein levels; Reuters investigates.
The association between childhood and adult health is becoming more and more obvious. Last week, research by the American Heart Association discovered overweight children as young as 3 can begin showing signs of heart disease, such as higher C-reactive protein levels. Another report claimed young adults told they have heart problems may have a 91% chance of developing cardiovascular disease.
In related news, young and middle-aged African Americans living in the United States were found to be 20 times more likely to suffer heart failure than white Americans.
Image credit: South Park Studios


After being orphaned, John Hancock was adopted by his wealthy uncle Thomas Hancock, who had amassed a fortune during the Seven Years' War. In 1763 when Thomas Hancock died, John inherited his fortune, said to be the greatest body of wealth in New England. John received a business education from Harvard College and carried on his uncle's mercantile business with alacrity. In 1768 while his ship, the Liberty, was docked at Boston Harbor, it was seized by British customs officials and John Hancock was charged with smuggling. Popular opinion was on Hancock's side, however: a group of Bostonians stormed the boat and attacked the customs officials. Hancock supported actions like the Boston Tea Party, and in 1774 he was elected as a delegate to the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and the First Continental Congress. As a result of his revolutionary stance, he was on a list of offenders of the British government. On the night of 18 April 1775, Joseph Warren sent Paul Revere and William Dawes from Boston to Lexington to warn John Adams and John Hancock that the British were marching to Lexington. The message was successfully transmitted, and John Hancock was ready to meet the British troops. To view John Hancock's Family Tree, login to OneGreatFamily, launch Genealogy Browser, and enter OGFN#514296904. You can also see whether or not you are related to John Hancock by going to the Relationship Calculator on the Family Dashboard Page when you login to OneGreatFamily.


Town Hall, Birmingham
University Music Society
University Choir and Philharmonic Orchestra
Daniele Rosina conductor
Missa in angustiis (‘Nelson’ Mass)
Symphony No. 5
Haydn’s chief biographer, H. C. Robbins Landon, wrote that this Mass in D minor ‘is arguably Haydn’s greatest single composition’. It was completed in the summer of 1798, a terrifying time for Austria, and given the title Missa in angustiis (‘Mass for Troubled Times’). What Haydn did not know at the time — but what he and his audience had heard by the date of the first performance (15 September) – is that on 1 August Napoleon had been dealt a stunning defeat at the Battle of the Nile by British forces led by Admiral Horatio Nelson. This is why the Mass became known as the ‘Nelson’ Mass.


Blog Purposes Assignment
Here is the "What is a Blog video"
There are three main purposes that we will be looking at as we investigate Blogs:
When you are writing to inform, you are presenting information that the reader is interested in. Writing purely for the sake of information should avoid bias and be objective.
Persuading writing usually tries to convince the reader of a fact or point of view. This kind of writing can include reasons that support an idea, or rather information presented with bias to convince the reader of the writer's view.
Writing designed to entertain creates and emotion in the reader. Entertaining writing is usually funny, interesting, or even sad. It is created so that the reader will enjoy what is written.
On a piece of paper, answer the following:
1) What is a Blog?
2) Explain the difference between a Blog and Post
3) Check out the following Blogs. For each:
Explain which is the PRIMARY purpose of the BLog (Inform, Persuade, Entertain)
- 1. http://www.engadget.com/
- 2. http://lifehacker.com/
- 3. http://gizmodo.com/
- 4. http://kimjongillookingatthings.tumblr.com/
- 5. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/
- 6. http://popeater.com/
- 7. http://redstate.com/
- 8. http://www.sportsn.info/
- 12. http://www.michaelmoore.com/blogger/mmflint/
- 13. http://weblog.greenpeace.org/
- 14. http://www.1000awesomethings.com/


|Chandler, Craig -|
|Santos, Bielinski -|
|Peres, Natalia -|
|Jouquand, Celine -|
Submitted to: HortScience
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: May 30, 2009
Publication Date: October 1, 2009
Citation: Chandler, C.K., Santos, B.M., Peres, N.A., Jouquand, C., Plotto, A. 2009. 'Florida Elyana' strawberry. HortScience. 44(6):1775-1776. Interpretive Summary: 'Florida Elyana' is a new strawberry variety released by the University of Florida and well adapted for winter and spring production areas. It is recommended to be grown under protected culture as the fruit may be susceptible to rain cracking. 'Florida Elyana' produces large bright red fruit which have received consistently superior flavor ratings by a taste panel over three seasons.
Technical Abstract: 'Florida Elyana' strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) is a new strawberry cultivar released by the University of Florida. It is a short-day plant. It is susceptible to surface cracking from exposure to rain. However, it performs well under protected culture. It is the first Florida-bred cultivar designed for tunnel and greenhouse production. 'Florida Elyana' is moderately resistant to Botrytis and anthracnose fruit rots. 'Florida Elyana' produces larger fruit than 'Strawberry Festival', which is the predominant cultivar in Florida. It produces large bright red fruit which have received consistently superior flavor ratings by a taste panel over three seasons.


UPDATE 10/28/2014 4:30 PM
Five months after getting a little help, one local elementary school celebrates a big, new addition.
School officials at Madison Elementary dedicated a new garden Tuesday afternoon.
The garden will give teachers a place to take students for outdoor science lessons and math classes.
It also has a bit of sentimental value.
The garden was constructed in honor of Susan Plumbo Murdock.
She's the late mother of a former student.
Officials call the new teaching tool a "learning garden".
"This is a place where students are going to be coming out and actively learning about nature, flora and fauna. These are all indigenous West Virginia plants that are planted here. And the students wanted a place where animal life could come and thrive and so that they could study animal life," says Esther Lauderman, principal at Madison Elementary.
Erik Musgrave designed the garden for his Eagle Scout project.
His mother teaches at Madison.
Waste Management also played a huge part.
The company funded the garden with a $4,000 grant presented to the school in May.
Madison Elementary School is awarded a $4,000 Think Green Grant,
as part of the effort by Waste Management West Virginia and Keep America Beautiful for an educational garden.
Waste Management improves community environments through education, recycling, clean-ups and beautification programs.
WMWV Public Affairs Coordinator Amanda Marks-Cunningham says Madison Elementary is one of 20 nationwide recipients of this grant, so it's a big honor.
"It's always good to get outside, be in the sunlight, be in nature...learn about the surroundings that you live in and learn how you can keep our communities green and thriving," she says.
She says over the years repairs to the roof of the school damaged the site.
So it's a prime opportunity to give back to the community and let them restore this space with the grant money.


Greenhouse gas emissions are continuing to increase every year, threatening our environment. 2012 was no different as emissions reached new highs according to a Huffington Postarticle written by Tom Miles.
Efforts to keep global warming within 2 degrees Celsius are becoming increasingly difficult. As quoted in the article, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Secretary-General Michel Jarraud said that if the world pursues its ‘business as usual’ trajectory, it will probably hit the 2 degree mark in the middle of the century affecting the water cycle, sea levels and extreme weather events.
“The more we wait for action, the more difficult it will be to stay under this limit and the more the impact will be for many countries, and therefore the more difficult it will be to adapt,” said Jarraud.
As it stands today, emissions will be 8-12 billion tons higher in 2020 than the level needed to stay below the 2 degree mark. “Even if we were able to stop today – we know it’s not possible – the ocean would continue to warm and to expand and the sea level would continue to rise for hundreds of years,” said Jarraud.
Miles also highlighted Jarraud’s point that this increase is mostly due to human activity, stressing that we must take action now or else we will be dealing with consequences for a very long time. What we do now will determine the environmental quality for our future generations.


Kristensen, Erik F. and Elmholt, Susanne (2002) High-temperature drying of organically grown bread rye. Paper at: International Conference on Agricultural Engineering, Budapest, 30 June - 4 July.
Mycotoxin producing fungi are naturally occurring components in cereals. When produced, some of the mycotoxins are toxic to humans and animals. Heat treatment is a method to reduce fungal abundance on cereals. The objectives of this work have been to provide more knowledge on this topic, and specifically to optimise the drum drying technique with reference to reducing the dissemination and proliferation of fungi on organically grown rye without reducing the baking quality of the grain.
The results show that drum drying can be a very efficient method in reducing fungi colonising on grain. For rye it is possible to achieve high effects on fungi without reducing the baking abilities. When drying at a constant maximum grain temperature of 64°C, the treatment resulted in less than 1% of the yeast propagules and less than 2% of the filamentous fungi, compared to what was found in the reference grain.
As drying temperatures and time for the grain to be treated are essential, the drum drier must be equipped with an effective control unit. The experiments show that a control system using fixed constant maximum grain temperature is most suitable.
|EPrint Type:||Conference paper, poster, etc.|
|Type of presentation:||Paper|
|Subjects:|| Crop husbandry > Post harvest management and techniques|
Farming Systems > Buildings and machinery
Crop husbandry > Soil tillage
Crop husbandry > Crop health, quality, protection
|Research affiliation:||Denmark > DARCOF II (2000-2005) > I.12 (PREMYTOX) Preventing mycotoxin problems|
|Deposited By:||Elmholt, Susanne|
|Deposited On:||02 Oct 2002|
|Last Modified:||12 Apr 2010 07:27|
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