Fragile Connection was created for the third annual exhibition at the Caol Ruadh Sculpture Park in Argyll that ran between May and September 2014.
The beautiful house and gardens of Caol Ruadh lie on a bed of metamorphosed sedimentary rock, mainly Dalradian, formed during the Precambrian period. Now, some 540 million years later, there's a rich diversity of fauna and flora blanketing the entire area, stretching down to the shoreline of the Kyles of Bute.
The idea for Fragile Connection came from the rocky outcrops which dot the landscape near the small apple house not far from the waterline. Walking amongst the moss and grass covered boulders it's noticeable just how thin this plant covering on the rocks really is; in places having been torn from the underlying rock revealing bony-white gaps. Such is the fragile connection between the earth’s oldest and youngest materials.
Fragile Connection is a reminder of this fragility, the fine balance that exists across the earth’s ecosystems and the possible outcome were this equilibrium to be lost.
The three steel rock sculptures making up Fragile Connection are constructed from Corten steel, a steel alloy whose chemical composition gives it increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion and is therefore well suited for outdoor sculpture. When exposed to the elements it very quickly develops a rusty, oxidised surface protecting the metal beneath.
Fragile Connection is currently on loan to Fauhope Country House near Melrose in the Scottish Borders.
Materials – Corten steel


FDA Approves Advair for Children Under 12
Inhaled Asthma Drug Shown to Be Effective in Young Children
April 22, 2004 -- The FDA has approved the first dual-action asthma drug for use in young children. The agency approved Advair for the treatment of asthma in children 4 to 11 years old with asthma that isn't adequately controlled by inhaled corticosteroid therapy alone.
Advair contains two different drugs. One, an inhaled corticosteroid, helps to prevent inflammation in the airways, and the other, a long-acting beta2-agonist, helps prevent the muscles surrounding the airways from tightening.
Advair has been approved for treating asthma in adults and children over age 12 since 2001.
Asthma Drug Approved for Young Children
The FDA based its approval on the results of a 12-week study of 203 children with asthma, ranging in age from 4 to 11 years old. The children still had asthma symptoms while being treated with low doses of an inhaled corticosteroid. The study compared the safety of treating the children with Advair twice daily vs. the inhaled corticosteroid alone twice daily.
Researchers found that treatment with Advair improved lung function on asthma breathing tests.
The study also showed that the two treatments had a similar safety profile.
Researchers caution that Advair does not replace fast-acting inhalers for sudden asthma attacks and should not be taken more than twice a day.
Side effects of Advair include a reduced ability to fight off infection while switching from an oral steroid to the inhaled steroid in Advair, high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and changes in heart rhythm.
Advair is made by GlaxoSmithKline, a WebMD sponsor.


Dive into the topic of higher education, also known as post-secondary education or tertiary education. Referring to education that occurs after high school, this category includes community colleges, universities, seminaries, conservatories, and vocational schools. While some institutions provide general liberal arts education, other schools are more specialized in the degree programs they offer. Students can attain a variety of college degrees and certificates. The amount of time needed to obtain a degree depends on the type of degree being sought as well as the student’s learning pace. Commonly, degrees are obtained through a two-year or four-year college program. Many colleges and universities offer online learning in addition to traditional classroom education.
Institutions are also categorized according to whether they are for-profit or nonprofit. Unlike for-profit schools, nonprofit schools are not owned by an individual or group of shareholders, and any profits must be reinvested back into or held by the school. In the twenty-first century, some have accused for-profit schools of sacrificing their students’ best interests in order to increase profits.
While post-secondary education is valued for its demonstrated increase in earning potential and employment options, some point to the increasing cost of tuition as a serious hindrance to students from low-income and middle-class families. An institution’s ability to provide scholarships and financial aid is critical to reducing student-loan debt and making college more affordable. Most institutions offer online classes—some known as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free and open to all—to promote distance learning for students not on campus.


The Gilmour Lower School STEAM Program—which stands for science, technology, engineering, arts and math—applies skills and knowledge to critical-thinking problems by getting hands-on and asking students to discover and analyze real-world problems.
Our unique school structure, in which teachers specialize in one subject area from first grade on, ensures that students can flourish with expert instruction and deep learning from the word “Go!”
Just a few highlights of the Lower School STEAM Program curriculum include:
Gilmour Environmental Studies Program
Snowboard Design Physics Challenge
Real-world Economics & Math
Architecture to Withstand Earthquakes
- Build-Your-Own Wind Turbine


of this Digital Library
Information for Instructors
Information for Contributors
Empirical data is at
the heart of all scientific
acquisition of new knowledge
is achieved through the scientific method, which is a cyclic process of
analyzing data associated with physical phenomenon in order to
whether the data conforms to a proposed model. Models
that are continually successful, and that can be used to rationalize a
range of empirical evidence are ultimately promoted to the rank of
theory. Models that
fail must be modified and tested
The ability to analyze data within the context of a model is a vital skill for a scientist. Chemistry makes heavy use of mathematical models. Consequently, the learning of chemistry is greatly enhanced by activities where one is presented with real-world data, and is guided to analyze the data according to a quantitative model. These activities are even more rewarding when they introduce the student to new numerical methods, involve consideration of errors, and lead one to ultimately contemplate the validity of the model.
This web site contains a library of ‘data-driven’ chemistry exercises. Assignments are arranged by topical area and include (1) a description of the goals, prerequisites and resources that will be needed to complete the assignment, (2) a brief theoretical description of the phenomena of interest and an explanation (or illustration) of the experiment that generated the experimental data, (3) the raw data, and (4) a suggested protocol of data analysis and questions that should be addressed.
Instructors and students are welcome to download exercises for personal and classroom use. Commercial use of any copywrited materials is not permitted without the permission of the copywrite holder.
Suggestions for improving this web site are welcome. You are also encouraged to submit your own data-driven exercise to this web archive. All inquiries should be directed to the curator: Tandy Grubbs, Department of Chemistry, Unit 8271, Stetson University, DeLand, FL 32720.


How scalable is sustainable intensification?
Sustainable intensification is a concept of growing importance, yet it is in danger of becoming scientifically obsolete because of the diversity of meanings it has acquired. To avoid this, it is important to consider the various scales on which it can aid progress towards feeding human populations while also protecting the environment.
This work was funded by Defra as part of the Sustainable Intensification Research Platform.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record.
Vol. 2, article 16065
Place of publication


Park of environmental information and sensititation “Antonis Tritsis”
The park of environmental information and sensititation “Antonis Tritsis” is located among the municipalities of Agioi Anargiroi, Ilion and Kamatero and is considered one of the last refuges of wildlife in the Athens urban environment.
Since most Attica wetlands have diminished or dried out during the last decades, the five artificial lakes (each one overflowing the other) are highlighted in the scenery and give breath to the aquatic organisms which have lost their habitat.
The park expands to 100 hectares and is a unique spot in Athens, that accommodates birds and is qualified with vegetation diversity.
In 1987, the first projects are elaborated by the Regulating Project of Athens Foundation and the total area of the park is fortified. There was the risk of splitting and be used in a controversial way. In 1993, the Foundation collaborated with the Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works to proceed to the auction of the first layer of the work for the creation of a model ecological park and recreation site.
Members of the Hellenic Ornithological Society observe and record the birds residing in the park, since its creation. During the latest years, 147 different species of birds have been observed. The Society schedules programs concerning the environmental information to denote the natural richness of the Park and the sensititation of the public. The park is a very important area used for hiking , cycling, friendly meetings, social events, activities for naturalists etc.
For further information about the Hellenic Ornithological Society and its activities in the park, and for “Antonis Tritsis” park you can visit the website of the society in the link below:www.ornithologiki.gr Info source for the park: Hellenic Ornithological Society


As you probably already know, Saturn is known as being the “Moon King” of the solar system. Astronomers were able to find 20 more moons circling the ringed planet. The total number of moons so far is 82. It has three more than Jupiter.
These new small moons have from 2 to 4 miles (that’s 3 to 6 km) in diameter. They were found with the help of the Subaru telescope in Hawaii, by a team of researchers led by Scott Sheppard from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington.
On Wednesday, Sheppard stated that Saturn was, indeed, the moon king. We found out about this discovery from the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center.
One of these moons circles at the distance of 15 million miles (that’s 24 million kilometers) from Saturn, which is the farthest away than any of the moons. If we are to make a comparison, Earth’s Moon circles at about 240,000 miles (that’s 386,000 km) from the planet.
17 of these newly found moons are circling in the opposite direction of the rotation of the planet. The other three orbits in the same direction ar Saturn spins, as it usually happens with all the moons.
Some moons are actually fragments from larger moons that were destroyed a long time ago in collisions with other moon or asteroids. 79 of Jupiter’s moons are in this situation.
Saturn, which is the gas giant that’s made out of helium and hydrogen is the second-largest planet out there, and the sixth in line from the Sun. It has a diameter of 72,000 miles (that’s 116,000 km). There is only one bigger planet – Jupiter, which is the fifth planet from the Sun. Saturn was formed together with the other planets, and the Sun formed around 4.5 billion years ago.
As our second lead editor, Anna C. Mackinno provides guidance on the stories Great Lakes Ledger reporters cover. She has been instrumental in making sure the content on the site is clear and accurate for our readers. If you see a particularly clever title, you can likely thank Anna. Anna received a BA and and MA from Fordham University.


A copy of this book is also available at the Help Desk.
"The rules of APA Style ®, detailed in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, offer sound guidance for writing with simplicity, power, and concision. APA Style has been adapted by many disciplines and is used by writers around the world (apastyle.org)."
In short, APA is one of the many writing styles that are used in the academic world. It is used in many disciplines associated with behavioral and social sciences such as anthropology, economics, and sociology.
There are many differences between APA style and MLA style so be sure to check with your instructor to see what writing style they prefer.


This is one of the first studies of the mismatch between students’ test scores and teachers’ estimations of those scores in low- and middle-income countries. Prior studies in high-income countries have found strong correlations between these metrics. We leverage data on actual and estimated scores in math and language from India and Bangladesh and find that teachers misestimate their students’ scores and that their estimations reveal their misconceptions about students in most need of support and variability within their class. This pattern is partly explained by teachers’ propensity to overestimate the scores of low-achieving students and to overweight the importance of intelligence. Teachers seem unaware of their errors, expressing confidence in estimations and surprise about their students’ performance once revealed.


Introduce your students to a true English hero who saved 9th-century England and Anglo-Saxon culture from Danish raiders. The richness of the Anglo-Saxon culture that Alfred fought to preserve is illustrated with documents your students will want to touch and study — pages from the Lindisfarne Gospels, a picture of the Alfred jewel, a display of coins, workable scale models of a church and a ship, a classroom poster on warfare. Historian: David Johnson. The contents of this Jackdaw feature: Broadsheets
Brief account of Alfred of Wessex’s life
- Muddle and manuscripts: Difficulties of interpreting Alfred’s life from limited sources
- Under the Golden Dragon: System of raising armies and men for the navy
- Alfred’s England
- Full-time king: Alfred’s achievements
Study Guide / Lesson Plan – Reproducible Activities
Map of Anglo-Saxon England with key to present-day names.
- Two pages from the Lindisfarne Gospels.
- Four pages from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle covering some of Alfred’s battles with the Danes.
- Translation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle on Alfred’s reign.
- The treaty between Alfred and Guthrum in which Alfred extends the boundaries of Wessex.
- Alfred’s introduction to his translation of “Cura Pasoralis.”
- Translation of “Cura Pasoralis” with word-for-word gloss of the first page.
- Picture sheet of Anglo-Saxon coins from the time of Alfred.
- Anglo-Saxon art and architecture.
- The Alfred jewel.
- The Anglo-Saxon wall painting excavated at Winchester.
- Model of the church of St. Lawrence, Bradford-upon-Avon.
- Model of an Anglo-Saxon ship.
- Anglo-Saxon warfare — a picture sheet.


|Classroom Cladogram of Vertebrate/Human Evolution|
In this lesson students prepare the components for building a Colossal Classroom Cladogram of vertebrate evolution, then put it together, showing the gradual, mosaic accumulation of the traits which humans possess. A major purpose of this is to dramatize the evidence that we (and in fact all living things) did not suddenly pop into existence, but clearly evolved as an accumulation of traits over vast periods of time. A follow-up discussion helps focus on these concepts.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
No specific technical requirements, just a browser required
Cost / Copyright:
Copyright 1999 ENSI (Evolution and the Nature of Science Institutes). This material may be copied only for noncommercial classroom teaching purposes, and only if this source is clearly cited.
DLESE Catalog ID: DLESE-000-000-004-796
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher:
Author: Larry Flammer
Evolution and the Nature of Science Institutes


This course is designed to give you a hands on learning approach to the basics of electronic music production.
We will be learning to use synthesizers, how to create sample sets and how to start mixing your own material. Whether you’re new to the audio world, or you want to reinforce or add to what you’ve already been doing, this course will give you good foundations to set you in the right direction towards making your own beats!
By the conclusion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand and put into practice basic signal flow (analog and virtual) for wiring up mixers, monitors, and microphones into a computer via an audio interface.
- Operate a typical analog and virtual mixing console.
- Create their own sampler instruments and use them to create tracks with MIDI controllers.
- Understand the basics of sound synthesis and be able to operate a simple software or hardware synthesizer.
- Set up and record live instruments.
- Create and mix their own material at a basic level making creative use of effects.
- Find affordable gear to build up a small home studio.
By the end of the course each student will have at least one tune that they have created, using their own sampler instruments, synthesizer patches, and audio recordings. They will also have mixed it themselves, at a basic level.
Timetable and Enrolment
|Scots College Creative and Performing Arts Centre Music Rooms|
|Adults and teens aged 14+|
|(Closed until sufficient interest)|
About Ed Zuccollo
Ed Zuccollo is a musician who has been combining the use of computers, synthesizers, effects, and recording live instruments to make music across genres such as hip hop, dubstep, drum and bass, ambient and trip hop.
Self taught from the age of 16 he has since worked on a number of albums and is currently shifting his focus back to his solo work which includes heavy use of sampling, software and hardware synthesizers and effects.


In 2008, an estimated 300,000 infants in China became sick from milk powder formula, some with kidney damage that ultimately led to fatalities. It was later discovered that The Sanlu Group, one of the largest dairy producers in China, had tainted the milk with melamine, an additive that is used to give the appearance of higher protein content to conceal watered-down milk and is toxic to infants.
This was one of the largest food safety scandals in Chinese history, and serves as an example of how imperative it is to stay away from processed foods and instead build a diet with natural, wholesome foods.
Now Chinese scientists have discovered a new, faster, simpler and more reliable test that will detect melamine in milk – in hopes of making it more difficult for farmers and dairy producers to get away with this crime. After learning that gold nano-particles (AuNPs) bond easily with melamine, the researchers were able to devise a test using just AuNPs and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to watch for a color change in the solution. This on-site test takes about 15 minutes from start to finish and can detect melamine levels as low as two parts per million.
Support the Campaign for Real Milk, join the Weston A. Price Foundation, today!


Augusto Pinochet toppled Salvador Allende in 1973 and formed a military dictatorship in Chile. This South American country's relationship to the world outside its borders has long been one of historic, cultural, and geographic isolation. To protest the dictatorship, democratic countries imposed a cultural boycott on Chile that lasted 16 years.
Isabel Allende, in The House of the Spirits, writes a fictional account of the 1973 coup, which she witnessed. Because of the coup, her uncle lost Chile to Pinochet, and the entire Allende family fled.


Facing emerging viral problems and rising energy costs, the use of biofloc technology in biosecure systems offers an answer for sustainable shrimp aquaculture. The main attributes of biofloc systems in reducing disease risk include the fact that low water exchange
Although Bali is primarily a tourist destination, several small family-owned shrimp farms are located here. The Ndaru Luat Setio shrimp farm at Kubu raises specific pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei in ponds that apply basic biofloc technology with zero water exchange.
A large-scale integrated shrimp aquaculture park (iSHARP) project in Malaysia is approaching completion of its first phase. Biosecurity is a priority at iSHARP. The design of each unit allows individual modules or ponds to be “locked down” to prevent disease
Combining biofloc technology with bio-secure modular shrimp culture can make operations more sustainable and economically viable. For optimized biofloc production, lined ponds and reservoirs and high stocking densities are essential. Paddlewheel aerators keep dissolved-oxygen levels high.
Integrated shrimp farming is desirable due to its ability to provide food safety and traceability. Production planning is the most essential exercise in integrated systems.
Blue Archipelago’s re-engineering of a large shrimp farm to a modular, biosecure facility set a benchmark for future shrimp culture projects in Malaysia.
With the global spread of viruses, biosecurity has become an essential element of every shrimp farm. Biosecurity starts with quality of farm design.
Biofloc technology provides high productivity, low feed-conversion ratios and a stable culture environment. Also, with viral problems and rising costs for energy, biofloc technology can help deliver sustainable production at lower cost.
In a study in Indonesia, increases in efficiency in power use resulted from the combined application of biofloc technology and partial harvest.


Dolphins appear to catch their prey selectively. They select the fish that contain the most energy and leave the less interesting (less calorie-rich) prey swimming. It was always assumed that dolphins eat anything that swims by.
This research was performed with common dolphins that live in the warm coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Researchers studied the stomach contents of dolphins that got trapped in fishing nets and compared these contents with the kinds of fish that occur in the coastal waters. This revealed that the common dolphin is quite a picky eater. The stomach contents contained no fish that was worth less energy than five kilojoules per gram. Favourite prey were the different species of lantern fish. These contain 6 to 8 kilojoules of energy per gram. The results of this research are easy to explain. Dolphins are warm-blooded animals that swim fast and they are social animals. These are traits that cost a lot of energy.
Cold-blooded sharks make no distinction in their prey. They catch any prey they can get.
The results of this research were published in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.


Rising ocean temperatures could stunt reef fish development
RISING ocean temperatures are leading to major developmental problems for coral reef fish, James Cook University researchers say.
The researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies found long, hot summers could wreak havoc on the young, with larval development slowed after water temperatures increased above 28 degrees.
Professor Mark McCormick said the study raised major concerns about the impact climate change could have on reef fish populations.
"To see adverse effects over the current-day temperature range raises concerns about the serious negative effects we may see when the ocean temperature warms with climate change," he said.
Dr Ian McLeod said most fish had a larval stage when they were more vulnerable to predators, so the longer they were larvae, the lower their survival rate.
"Faster growth during the larval stage should lead to a survival advantage," he said.


January 20, 2009
Another danger for coral health ID’d
U.S. scientists say they've identified the bacteria responsible for yellow band disease -- an infection that affects the world's coral reefs.
Researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and colleagues said YBD sickens coral colonies and is apparently a threat that's becoming worse with global warming.
Just as a doctor can diagnose a child with chicken pox by the small, round bumps on her skin, you can tell a coral with yellow band disease by its own characteristic markings,the scientists said.
This affliction etches a swath of pale-yellow or white lesions along the surface of an infected coral colony. The discolored band is a mark of death, indicating where the bacterial infection has killed the coral's photosynthetic symbionts, called zooxanthellae. The coral host suffers from cellular damage and starves without its major energy source, and usually does not recover.
The research appeared in the November issue of the Journal of Applied Microbiology.


|One Step Ahead: Privacy and Security Tips
October 3, 2006, Volume 53, No. 6
Another tip in a series provided by the Offices of Information Systems & Computing and Audit, Compliance & Privacy.
Create Strong, “Uncrackable” Passwords to Foil Hackers
You may not realize it, but the number one reason computers get hacked is weak passwords. To protect against hackers, who use automated password-cracking dictionaries to gain access to online accounts and individual computers, be sure to use strong, hard-to-guess passwords with the following characteristics:
• Are at least 8 characters long
• Contain no words found in English or foreign language dictionaries
• Contain no words found in specialized dictionaries, including those used by hackers, which include names, proper nouns, and popular words from non-standard sources such a music, movies, and video games
• Contain a mixture of at least three of the following: uppercase and lower case letters, digits (0-9), and special characters (%*!, etc.)
• Contain no personal information such as your birth date.
To create a strong password, think of a phrase that has meaning only to you; for example, “My son Charlie Jones goes to school in Bryn Mawr, PA.” Take the first letter from each word to create a password that is nearly uncrackable yet not hard to remember: “MsCJgtsiBMPA.” To make it even tougher to crack, use digits and special characters: “MsCJg2siBM,PA.” If you find it necessary to write down your password, don't leave it in an accessible spot or share it with anyone.
For additional tips, see the One Step Ahead link on the Information Security website: www.upenn.edu/computing/security/.


Cottrell College Science Awards - 2015
Synthesis of Beta-lactams by a Cu-catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of Siloxyalkynes and Ketenimines
The most widely used antibiotics work by interfering with a bacterium’s ability to construct its cell wall, which eventually proves lethal to the organism.
But there are always a few bacteria with enzymes that resist antibiotic damage, thus allowing them to grow and reproduce. Scientists have identified more than a thousand of these enzymes in various strains of bacteria. And resistant bacteria are gradually becoming more prevalent, resulting in antibiotics growing ever less effective in treating disease.
André K. Isaacs, assistant professor of chemistry at the College of the Holy Cross, has received a Cottrell College Science Award from Research Corporation for Science Advancement to create a novel method for generating a diverse group of new antibiotic molecules that can evade inactivation by these enzymes.
Issacs and his students will employ a variation on a methodology called “click chemistry” because it aims to join small molecular units together quickly, not unlike clicking together modular Leggo© units, to generate many different chemical structures. Specifically, they will be attempting to create variations on the β-lactam (beta-lactam) molecular ring that gives many antibiotics their antibacterial power.
If they are successful, their work could lead to new, highly effective antibiotics, keeping us one step ahead of disease-causing bacteria that have plagued humankind throughout history.


Mataviam described travel in general to Kelly (1933: 23:7) in the following way:
Travelers packed everything on their backs, and wore any kind of foot gear. Children always wore shoes; if the children were too small to walk, their parents took turns carrying them. They also took turns packing the water jar, which was carried in a burden basket (ais) or a net. Blankets, etc., were taken. Women took cooking utensils, including manos, but not metates. Men took weapons and walked ahead. Dogs accompanied the party. Children were given something to carry; perhaps a small skin sack, but not a burden basket or net. Travel along certain routes had to be timed so that people could be sure that there would be water available in drier sections. Timing was particularly important if some of these sources were tanks and sandstone potholes.
Southern Paiute – Chemehuevi Trails Across the Mojave Desert:
Isabel Kelly=s Data, 1932-33 (Darling/Sneed Symposium, AAA 2004)
Catherine S. Fowler
University of Nevada, Reno


Hair and fibers and other trace evidence are often unknowingly left at the crime scene by the perpetrator. And those clever CSI folks can find these tidbits and analyze them. From hair, they can usually determine the species (human, cat, dog?), the color, the thickness and curliness, whether it was cut or yanked out, and other things.
But what if the hair has been altered with coloring or various chemical treatments? No problem. In fact, such alterations could add another layer of individuality to hair found at a crime scene. Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), dyes and chemical treatments can be analyzed and such analysis can lead to the type of treatment and even the manufacturer of the product. This could prove to be critical evidence in connecting a suspect to a crime scene.


Level 5- Ages 8-13- Learn what Scripture says about 32 negative...
Level 3 -For Approximate Ages 7-10
For ages 8-13
Character Curriculum for Ages 4-6 although your older kids may enjoy...
For Ages 7-12
Fully illustrated book to teach character to preschool and kindergarten
Learn about 45 crucial character qualities
Learn to apply Scripture to your everyday life.
This is the easiest history curriculum you will use! Created with busy,...
Learn how to reach out to others in practical ways! by Marilyn Boyer...
One of our most popular character studies!
Warning: Last items in stock!
Proverbs People Book 2 teaches the following character traits found in the book of Proverbs:
“Virtuous Woman vs. Contentious Woman”
“Proud vs. Humble”
“Fearful vs. Trusting"
“Angry Man vs. Patient Man”
“Content vs. Covetous”
“Cruel vs. Merciful”
“Flatterer vs. Honest”
Includes short-answer questions, example stories, fun quizzes, application questions, and coloring pages. It’s just like Proverbs People Volume 1, but with new topics!
|Emphasis||Bible Doctrine or Bible Study, Character, Curriculum, Family Devotions, Proverbs|
|Author||Rick and Marilyn Boyer|
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July 14th every year marks Bastille day for France.However this year14 July 2009 marks a new turn after a series of riots and protests resulting in the burning of 317 cars and 13 police injured.The genesis of the riots is being traced to the French town of Firminy where protesters took to the streets following the death of Mohamed Benmouna, a local supermarket cashier who was taken from his police cell in a coma and later died in hospital in queer circumstances .
It so happens that Amnesty international has previously issued a damning report on Police Brutality in France which basically means according to the adage "where there is smoke there could be fire" something is wrong here .
I wonder if UN Rapporteur Philip Alston should visit France and issue a damning report to the current French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the French Police Commisioner/ Comisar or the Inspecteur General 'Inspecteur général '. Unfortunately it seems that when international bodies deal with African Affairs often double standards are applied.I believe there are many atrocities that have been committed under the guise of war against terror yet you will not hear of a"Waki Envelope" or ICC investigation of such crimes against humanity yet many Africans express full confidence in such institutions. Human Justice is frail and subject to certain interests.
Bastille day is celebrated in France each year on July 14 to mark the storming of the Bastille fortress prison on the same day in 1789( see wikipedia stub on Bastille Day)The Bastille was a prison and a symbol of the absolute and arbitrary power of Louis the 16th's Ancient Regime. By capturing this symbol, the people signaled that the Monarch's power was no longer absolute: power should be based and emanate from the people. It is this act that led to fundamental doctrine in constitutional law to wit: the principle of separation of powers.


Health & Safety
Making History Blog
from slavery to freedom
February 15, 2018
Rare Martin Delany Signed Document
At the height of the movement to rid the nation of slavery - the abolitionist movement - Martin R. Delany was one of the more charismatic and practical leaders of the time.
February 17, 2016
Tools of Oppression: Cotton Cards
Besides the cotton gin, in lower scale production, cotton cards were utilized to process raw cotton. Learn more about cotton cards that once belonged to former slave Mary Ann Carlton.


Returns True if abs(x1-x2) is smaller than tolerance element-wise, otherwise False.
Inputs of x1 and x2 comply with the implicit type conversion rules to make the data types consistent. If they have different data types, lower priority data type will be converted to relatively highest priority data type. RuntimeError exception will be thrown when the data type conversion of Parameter is required.
tolerance (float) – The maximum deviation that two elements can be considered equal. Default: 1e-05.
x1 (Tensor) - A tensor. Must be one of the following types: float32, float16.
x2 (Tensor) - A tensor of the same type and shape as ‘x1’.
Tensor, the shape is the same as the shape of ‘x1’, and the data type is bool.
TypeError – If tolerance is not a float.
- Supported Platforms:
>>> x1 = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32) >>> x2 = Tensor(np.array([2, 4, 6]), mindspore.float32) >>> approximate_equal = ops.ApproximateEqual(2.) >>> output = approximate_equal(x1, x2) >>> print(output) [ True True False]


In 2012 alone, 1,300 peer-reviewed studies were published linking sedentariness with heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other negative health effects.
Treadmill Desk Benefits
“Should I use a walking desk or a stand up desk more? By how much?” We get asked this question all the time. Read on to find the answer!
Walking at speeds above 2 mph on a treadmill desk is not recommended because the goal is to raise the basal metabolic rate (BMR), without exercising.
Not all fatal injuries come in a single blow, some take years to manifest but are equally deadly. Sedentary desk jobs may be the most dangerous!
The question of exactly how many more calories you can burn using a treadmill desk hasn’t been thoroughly understood, until now.
Keep in mind that using a treadmill desk is the best way to combat sitting disease but it is not a substitute for getting aerobic exercise
The correlation between Type II diabetes and weight struggles is so direct that most people consider the words “obese” and “diabetic” to be synonymous.
Your goal should be 5,000 steps (nominally) to 10,000 steps (optimally) for achieving and maintaining a sustainable level of fitness and stamina.
Using a standing desk or treadmill desk will increase your basal metabolic rate thus burn more calories than sitting still, but by how much?
Today, one out of six Americans uses a treadmill regularly. But before we knew the benefits of an aerobic workout, treadmills were used to punish prisoners.


To minimize health risks, the optimal amount of alcohol someone should consume is none.
That’s the simple, surprising conclusion of a massive study, co-authored by 512 researchers from 243 institutions, published Thursday in the prestigious journal the Lancet.
The researchers built a database of more than a thousand alcohol studies and data sources, as well as death and disability records from 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2016. The goal was to estimate how alcohol affects the risk of 23 health problems. The number that jumped out, in the end, was zero. Anything more than that was associated with health risks. Read more here.


"The butterfly effect suggests the flapping of a tiny insect's wings in Africa can lead to a tornado in Kansas.
Call this the bat effect: A bat killed by a wind turbine in Somerset can lead to higher tomato prices at the Wichita farmers market.
Bats are something of a one-species stimulus program for farmers, every year gobbling up millions of bugs that could ruin a harvest. But the same biology that allows the winged creatures to sweep the night sky for fine dining also has made them susceptible to one of Pennsylvania's fastest-growing energy tools.
The 420 wind turbines now in use across Pennsylvania killed more than 10,000 bats last year -- mostly in the late summer months, according to the state Game Commission. That's an average of 25 bats per turbine per year, and the Nature Conservancy predicts as many as 2,900 turbines will be set up across the state by 2030.
This is a bad time to be a bat."


Environmental Education Materials: Guidelines for Excellence
The Environmental Education Materials: Guidelines for Excellence comprises a set of recommendations for developing and selecting environmental education instructional materials.
These guidelines aim to help producers of activity guides, lesson plans, and other instructional materials create high-quality products and to provide educators with a tool to evaluate the wide array of available environmental education materials. Through the National Project for Excellence in Environmental Education, the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) is taking the lead in establishing guidelines for the development of coherent and comprehensive environmental education materials and programs. These guidelines draw on our best thinking honed by scholars and practitioners across a variety of fields and settings, including formal and nonformal education, curriculum development, instructional design, early childhood education, and adult education.
To ensure that these Guidelines for Excellence reflect a widely shared understanding of environmental education, they were developed by a team of environmental education professionals from a variety of backgrounds and organizational affiliations. This team took on the challenge of turning ideas about quality into tangible recommendations and examples. In addition, drafts of these guidelines were circulated widely to practitioners and scholars in the field (e.g., teachers, educational administrators, environmental scientists, and curriculum developers), and their comments were incorporated into successive revisions of the document. As such, hundreds of practitioners have participated in the writing of these guidelines.
To learn more and to access additional resources, visit the Guidelines for Excellence website.


This work concerns the state of the art for use of impedance spectroscopy for studying the evolving microstructure of cement‐based materials during hydration. Features of the spectra are discussed and related to components of the microstructure with the assistance of pixel‐based computer modeling techniques. It is proposed that the enormously high relative dielectric constants (∼105) observed just after set are the result of dielectric amplification and are related to the distribution of pore sizes and the thickness of product C─S─H layers separating the pores. The conductivity is related to the volume fraction of porosity, the conductivity of the pore solution, and the interconnectivity of the porosity. The conductivity, when normalized by that of the pore solution, i.e., inverse formation factor, is a measure of this interconnectivity and can be used to predict such engineering properties as ionic diffusivity and water permeability. Composite mixing laws are employed to aid in explaining the behavior of the conductivity and to obtain a qualitative measure of the pore shape with hydration. Procedures for predicting the conductivity of the pore solution and for subtracting out electrode lead effects at high frequency are discussed.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||16|
|Journal||Journal of the American Ceramic Society|
|State||Published - Jan 1 1994|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ceramics and Composites
- Materials Chemistry


Near-infrared reflectance sensing (NIRS) has stimulated widespread enthusiasm in recent years among soil scientists, in part for its potential to lead to the design of new “proximal” soil sensors in support of precision agriculture, and to increase significantly the amount of information that can be obtained about soils from remote sensors. However, a practical difficulty this technique faces is that soils in the field, unlike the sieved, repacked soil samples used in the laboratory, are generally moist and have uneven surfaces, especially after tillage. Unfortunately, little is known at this point on the effect of surface roughness on NIR spectra. In this context, the present research focuses on the application of NIRS, under laboratory conditions, to chunks (artificially isolated particles or aggregates) of soil of average sizes between 0.04 and 8 mm, obtained in 5 different soils with contrasting features, and repacked in Petri dishes. NIRS measurements were performed when the soils were air-dry, and after rewetting to near-saturation. In virtually all cases, except at the finest chunk size in two soils, the near-infrared reflectance decreased regularly as chunk size increased. Nearsaturation of the soils with deionized water resulted in further decreases in reflectance, which obliterated to varying extent the dependence of the reflectance on chunk size. For most cases, whether the soils were dry or near-saturated, computation of the first derivative of the NIR spectra, especially when preceded by movingaverage or wavelet-based smoothing, resulted in transformed signals that were virtually independent of surface roughness in a number of distinct spectral regions. These observations suggest that in the range of soil chunk sizes considered, it might be possible practically to circumvent the dependence of NIRS on surface roughness.


2. Name the father of Andal
B. Poigai Azhwar
C. Boothath Azhwar
3.What is the other name for Andal?
4. Under which plant was Andal first seen by her father?
5. Apart from Thiruppavai, what is the other set of Pasurams that was composed by Andal?
B. Kanninun Siruthambu
C. Nachiar Thirumozhi
6. On which day of the Aadi month is Aadi Perukku celebrated?
7. Which river in Tamil Nadu is generally worshiped on the day of Aadi Perukku?
8. Andal is considered to be an embodiment of ________________
9. Aadi Pooram festival is generally celebrated with a divine wedding. Name the Divine Couple for whom the divine wedding is performed.
A. Andal and Lord Ranganatha
B. Lord Shiva and Parvati
C. Lord Rama and Sita
Compiled by Ramya Srinivasan,San Jose CA
1 – A, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – B, 5 – C, 6 – C, 7 – B, 8 – C, 9 – A


Wouldn't it be great to put these two great tools together?
Well, just like the peanut butter and chocolate in a Reese's Peanut Butter Cup, Google Forms and Google Classroom work together perfectly to make it easier than ever to create, distribute, and grade assessments in schools.
When you create a quiz through Classroom, many of the needed settings in Google Forms are automatically taken care of for you, there's no need to worry about copying the correct link for the quiz, and the student grades are easily imported right into your Classroom grade book!
See below for a quick 8-minute video that will show you everything you need to know for creating quizzes in Classroom. Then if you want to dig even deeper, I have also included a 1-hour video from a webinar I did a while back that goes into more advanced options and uses of Forms for assessments.
Tutorial Video (8 minutes)
Here is my quick 8-minute video that covers all the basics you need to know to create, distribute, and collect a self-grading quiz in Google Classroom:
Note: See all of my Google Classroom help videos here:
Webinar (1 hour)
Here is my 1-hour webinar that covers creating assessments with Google Forms, fromt he basics to more advanced features and uses:
BONUS: For Math and Science
See my earlier blog post on how to use the free Equatio extension to easily add math symbols and expressions and chemical formulas to the Google Forms quizzes you make:
Equatio: Yes You Can Type Math and Science in Google Docs and Forms! - Blog post link
Post by Eric Curts. Connect with me on Twitter at twitter.com/ericcurts


March 25, 2011 | CUNY Lecture Series, Graduate Center
Freed from the legal bonds of slavery by the state’s Emancipation Act of 1827, New York’s black leaders moved from local to national politics in the decades leading up to the Civil War. At a Graduate Center event, Carla Peterson, author of the new book, “Black Gotham: A Family History of Africans in Nineteenth-Century New York City,” focused on the experience of students at the Mulberry Street School and how it propelled them into political activism, as well as trade and business. “Education formed character, led to respectability, provided wealth and helped to make you cosmopolitan,” says Peterson, who discussed the challenges she faced finding source material for this forgotten part of American history, in a program sponsored by the Gotham Center for New York City History.
Listen Now >>


"Googols of Learning Child Development Center uses Developmentally Appropriate Practices which is an approach to education which focuses on the child as a developing human being and a life long learner. The child is an active participant in the learning process and constructs meaning and knowledge from interactions, educationally planned activities, and play. We provide meaningful and relevant learning experiences and use children's portfolios to evaluate each child's individual progress. We provide learning experiences which are both ï¿½developmentally and age appropriateï¿½. We feel that children learn best when their physical needs are met and they feel psychologically safe and secure."
Excerpted from the preschool's website
7:00 Googols Opens
7:30 Breakfast is served.
8:00 Breakfast is picked up and children have free center time, and small group activities.
8:45 P.E. and stretching prior to Circle Time
9:30 AM Snack is served
10:00 AM snack is picked up. Outdoor Play
10:30 Small Group Activity-Art, science experiment, social etiquette activity, and Lesson Plan.
11:30 Lunch is served.
12:00 Lunch is picked up. Children potty, wash hands, and brush teeth in preparation for quiet time. Read quietly on their cots until everyone is ready.
1:00-3:00 Nap Time
3:00 Wake Up, Potty, Wash hands and get ready for snack
3:30 Snack is cleared. Afternoon Lesson Plans, small and large group.
4:30 Outdoor Play
5:00 Group Read Aloud Story, Free Center time or science experiments.
6:00 Googols Closes.


Babesiosis is a rare parasitic disease that can be passed to humans by deer ticks.
Babesiosis may not always cause symptoms. When symptoms are present, they usually start 1 to 4 weeks after the tick bite. Symptoms of babesiosis include:
Babesiosis usually is treated with antibiotic medicines.
|Primary Medical Reviewer||William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine|
|Specialist Medical Reviewer||H. Michael O'Connor, MD - Emergency Medicine|
|Current as of||July 5, 2013|
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise


By Daniel Luke
Over the past two to three decades, the rapid growth of modernization across the globe has caused much more value to be put into the educational system and technology. Living side-by-side with this fast-paced society, things became very hectic.
However, if we look beyond the past 20 to 30 years, at a more cultural aspect of life, we see that traditions, customs, and beliefs were held much in reverence, as opposed to the life nowadays. However, the question that always persists whenever we’re moving on toward a new age is this:
Are we ready for such a test and would it be beneficial for society to take this next step?
For example, when the Scientific Revolution began around the 1300s to 1400s, many people were opposed to the idea, but in the end, the world ended up gaining vast amounts of knowledge about their immediate surroundings than they previously thought was possible.
Before Christopher Columbus, most Europeans thought that the world was flat, but in the end, he proved them wrong. But now, you may ask, “How does this relate to losing the Chinese culture?” The answer is relatively simple. As the world is getting more and more modernized, we see less and less time for families to get together and express their traditional beliefs.
Why is this significant? The reason is that according to research, people who follow their traditional beliefs have more morals than people who don’t, and it is such for that fact that we ought to preserve this dying culture. It doesn’t matter what background you are from or what ethnicity you are. All that matters is that by at least acknowledging your roots, you will be able to see how your predecessors dealt with their surroundings and environment and how it can be beneficial for you, too. ♦
Editor’s note: Northwest Asian Weekly was unable to verify all the facts stated in this article. The ideas here do not necessarily represent our stance.


dog varieties with images brief content.
dog varieties with images photoset
Unexpected changes in the appearance of animals, including unusual dimension, scabies, feces tail or other characteristic features, are the result of genetic variations that occur at all times naturally. Mutations that people like are tried to keep to the greatest extent possible then. Lyons explains that each animal has a defined “basic plan of the physical body structure, and when a mutation takes place, people select those who are their favorite”. The introduction of most feline breeds continues to be accelerating only in the past 75 years, and dog breeds have already been developing for centuries, as confirmed by Elaine Ostrander, chief researcher at the Department of Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics at the National Institute of Health ).


Learn the essential techniques for playing classical guitar.
These exercises and demonstrations will help you to develop ease of motion, efficiency, coordination, tone, control over dynamics and color, melodic connection, and harmonic balance, while preventing injury. Techniques for each hand are discussed in isolation and then combined, with exercises drawn from the “Chaconne” by S.L. Weiss, which is also included in its entirety. Whether you are a classical or improvising player, you will find a clear, concise outline of the basic hand position and timing, with dozens of illustrative photographs and detailed descriptions. The online audio recordings demonstrate the techniques and their effects.
You will learn to:
- Play with healthy, comfortable posture that gives you a free range of motion, closely examining relationship between your body, arms, hands, and fingers
- Shape, hone, maintain, and repair your fingernails to provide the best sound, whether you use real or fake nails; and create your own fake nails from ping-pong balls
- Use right-hand techniques, such as alternation, string crossing, arpeggio patterns, and tremolo
- Play with a variety of articulations, tone colors, and dynamics
- Play left-hand techniques such as: barres, slurs (hammer on and pull off), and vibrato
- Warm up, practice, and perform


Striking a Chord
Jeffery Renard Allen explores the legend of blind piano virtuoso Tom Wiggins
Think of history as a piano: an austere, glossy model that invites and intimidates whoever’s looking for revelations from its keyboard. A sensibility oriented toward fact is sufficient background to tease out a few notes into a simple, logical pattern. And if you have a surfeit of facts and can season them with nuance, the audience should end up nestled in your hip pocket. But facts can only do so much, especially if they’re slippery or cloaked in shadows. When that happens, the music can become static, even inert. So you shift tactics, go for broke, make a few educated guesses—for a start. You’re then compelled to reshape time, space, even the landscape in pursuit of something closer to the truth than meager facts can replicate. The music that comes out may be so unfamiliar that those who hear it will need to come up with new names to describe it.
Consider this metaphor a gateway to both the style and subject matter of Jeffery Renard Allen’s Song of the Shank, an eerie fever dream of a historical novel spun off a real-life cultural phenomenon from the waning days of antebellum America.
The phenomenon’s name was Tom Wiggins, a slave boy born sightless and likely autistic in 1849 on a Georgia plantation and sold, along with his parents, several months later to General James Bethune, a lawyer, newspaper publisher, and early proponent of Southern secession. Because his disabilities prevented him from doing slave’s work, the artist-savant eventually known as Blind Tom had the run of the general’s house and eventually bonded with the Bethune daughters and their piano, whose


Read the following statements carefully:
1. Taxonomists have discovered a non-venomous species of snake in Odisha.
2. The findings about the snake were published in the taxonomic journal, Zootaxa, by a team of scientists from India and abroad.
3. The Mizo rain snake (Smithophis atemporalis) has been named after eminent British herpetologist, Malcom A Smith, for his contribution to Indian herpetology.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?


What rhymes or sounds like the word
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Quickening the pace of cooking pulses
The UN General Assembly declared 2016 the International Year of Pulses (IYP).
Pulses are leguminous plants, including the likes of lentils, beans and chickpeas. The term “pulses” is confined to crops harvested solely for dry grain.
“The IYP 2016 aims to heighten public awareness of the nutritional benefits of pulses as part of sustainable food production aimed towards food security and nutrition,” writes the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Researchers at the University of Manitoba, including Digvir S. Jayas, vice-president (research and international), developed a technique to help speed up the time it takes to prepare pulses, looking at the red lentil, chickpea, pigeon pea, mung bean and pinto bean.
“Microwave treatment has significantly reduced cooking time of all pulses,” write the researchers.
The paper also looks at the effects of microwaving on nutrient qualities.
“The lipid/protein ratio was increased for red lentil, chickpea, and mung bean at both microwave treatments relative to control,” write the researchers.
Their full paper and its finding on reducing cooking times for pulses, and the effects of microwaving on nutrient qualities, can be found here.


Globalnews.ca reports that beef prices are up 30.5% in the last two years and a whopping 117% since 2000.
Not only that, beef is costly to produce environmentally. Here are some shocking numbers from One Green Planet:
- More than a third of all raw materials and fossil fuels consumed in the United States are used in animal production (“Ecological Cooking” by Joanne Stepaniak and Kathy Hecker)
- The production of one calorie of animal protein requires more than ten times the fossil fuel input as a calorie of plant protein. (The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
- Producing a single hamburger uses enough fuel to drive 20 miles and causes the loss of five times its weight in topsoil. (“The Food Revolution” by John Robbins)
- Nearly half of all the water used in the United States goes to raising animals for food (“The Food Revolution” by John Robbins). It takes more than 2,400 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of meat and only 25 gallons to produce one pound of wheat (“Water Inputs in California Food Production” by Marcia Kreith)
- To produce a day’s food for one meat-eater takes over 4,000 gallons; for a lacto-ovo vegetarian, only 1200 gallons; for a vegan, only 300 gallons (The Vegetarian Times Complete Cookbook)
- Animals raised for food produce approximately 130 times as much excrement as the entire human population and animal farms pollute our waterways more than all other industrial sources combined. Run-offs of animal waste, pesticides, chemicals, fertilizers, hormones and antibiotics are contributing to dead zones in coastal areas, degradation of coral reef and health problems. (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).


|What is neutrino?||HISTORY||Some numbers|
|Sources of neutrinos||Some of the main actors||Neutrinos in the Universe|
|Neutrino Experiments||Neutrinos at LAPP||Related enigma|
|Results 1998 on neutrinos|
A short summary of the neutrino history
Discovery of the radioactivity
The first car's races (70 km/h maximum!)
Problem with beta radioactivity
Between two wars, people dance the Charleston and the Boston
Pauli invents the neutrino particle
Crisis of 1929...
Fermi baptizes the neutrino and builds his theory of weak interaction
Hitler gets power in Germany
First discovery of the neutrino by an experiment
Riots in Budapest. Indochina. Cold war. Atmospheric tests of thermonuclear bombs.
Discovery of an other type of neutrino: the
Missiles of Cuba, not far from the End!
Discovery of neutral currents thanks to the neutrinos
Energy crisis... first oil problem
Discovery of the tau (co-particle of )
Energy crisis... second oil problem
Pseudo-discovery of a neutrino at 17 keV
The man on the moon 20 years ago. Mutations in European East countries
The mystery of dark matter comes again
Berlin wall finally has fallen! It was on 11th of November 1989.
LEP experiments show that there are only three light neutrinos
Eltsine is the new President of Russia. Iraq invades Koweit
First proclamation of possible neutrinos oscillations seen by LSND experiment
Rwanda, Yugoslavia, Tchetchenia...
Missing solar neutrinos confirmed by GALLEX
Internet and its WWW explode... and LAPP is 19 years old
May be neutrinos oscillations seen in LSND and Super-Kamiokande
Human rights declaration is 50 years old, 1968 is 30 years old


An innovative new system being piloted by a startup in Canada could significantly cut the cost of compressed air energy storage by using simple, off-the-shelf technologies. Greentech Media reports that Toronto-based startup Hydrostor currently has a two-year pilot project underway that involves a set of pipes running about two miles out into Lake Ontario that pumps air into underwater balloons, where it’s stored before later being released and expanded to produce energy. The project aims to help the city’s hydro utility extend the life of its distribution equipment by providing electricity for peak periods – and reduce the utility’s reliance on fossil fuel energy sources.
How, exactly does it work? Compressed air, pressurized to match the lake bottom’s water pressure is pumped into the heavy-duty underwater balloons through the pipes, where it’s stored until electricity is needed. At that time, the system reverses itself and the water’s weight pushes the air back through the pipes, where it’s converted back into electricity.
The current Toronto pilot project is just 1 megawatt, but Hydrostor plans to offer up to 100 MW options. The cost of the energy from a 10 MW system like this would be about $250 per kilowatt hour, which is significantly cheaper than current, on-land compressed air storage.
The reason the company can produce the systems so cheaply lies in their use of simple, off-the-shelf technologies that defer the need for a complex manufacturing process. Add to that its drilling techniques that reduce the demand for boats and cranes, and you’ve got a cost-effective system. According to Greentech Media, the systems will come with a 10-year warranty that could be expanded to 20 years after the pilot is completed.
Via Greentech Media
Video and image via Hydrostor


One of the first buildings the inmates were forced to construct in 1937 was the camp gate. It served as the main watchtower of altogether twenty-three, and as a stand for a machine gun which could be aimed at any spot on the roll call square. All SS announcements were also made over loudspeakers installed on the gate building. The left wing housed the camp prison, the dreaded "Bunker"; in the right wing were the offices of the commanding officer of the "protective custody camp".
The gate building was also the only permissible entrance to and exit from the camp. It literally marked the boundary between the Volksgemeinschaft ("people’s community") – of which the SS defined itself as the elite – and the Gemeinschaftsfremde ("aliens to the community"). The forced passage through this gate from the outside meant entry into an existence dominated by torment, suffering, pain and crime. The moment of Buchenwald’s liberation – 3:15 pm on 11 April 1945 – is commemorated on the face of the tower clock.


Western Scrub Jays Found to Hold Funerals for Fellow Jays
Funerals are a common human custom, but researchers at UC Davis say some birds hold funerals, too. They've found that Western scrub jays call other jays to the site of a fallen bird.
In a recent study, UC Davis researcher Teresa Iglesias observed that when a western scrub jay sees another dead jay, it lands nearby, "and then it’ll start to alarm call," she says.
Those calls attract other scrub jays, which collect around the body. That made Iglesias wonder: "Why are they doing this? This is obviously a place where a predator was successful."
Scrub jays are also normally territorial with each other, but Iglesias thinks the funeral is a way of communicating.
"They are using these guys as an indicator that the area is risky. That somebody got killed there, so be careful in this area."
Other species including elephants and chimps are also known to visit their dead. Iglesias says there’s a lot more to study about how animals recognize death.


KATSUKI AOKI and ROSS MOUER
Meiji University, Japan
Just-in-time production (JITP) was conceived at the Toyota Motor Company in 1938 by Ki-ichiro Toyoda. That vision evolved into what is now known as the “Toyota Production System” (TPS), owing mainly to the efforts of Tai-ichi Ono during the 1950s. JIT is one of two pillars of TPS; the other is “autonomation” (automation with a human touch), which was developed by Sakichi Toyoda. JITP is a system used by manufacturers to order and obtain processed parts through a highly developed network of subcontracting firms. JITP represents a further development of the Ford production system that facilitated the transition from mass production to small lot sizes, and reduced the cost of holding large inventories of the parts required on conveyor-based assembly lines. JITP calls for the right parts to be supplied to the production line by suppliers only at the time they are needed and only in the amount needed. JITP relies on the use of kanban. The kanban is a material flow control mechanism to communicate effectively with internal and external operations on issues such as adjusting inventory levels, production schedules, and lead times for the delivery of parts. Heijunka (production leveling) also plays a key role in JITP, with the aim of leveling out the quantity of parts that are sent up the supply chain, thereby smoothing flow on the production line.
Variants of Toyota's kanban ...


If you intend to write a GPL-licensed, opensource and multiplatform program in C or C++ and you want to use the serial port, look here:
RS-232 for Linux and Windows
With this library, you can use GCC on Linux and MinGW on windows to access the serial
port without the need to make any changes in your sourcecode.
The reason for this repost is an update of the library:
- added the prefix "RS232_" to all functions in order to prevent clashes with other libraries
- set the DTR pin and RTS pin active when opening a serial port (some RS-422/485 converters need this to enable the outputbuffers)
- added the baudrates 500000 and 1000000 for windows, this can be usefull when using an FTDI-chip or USB-converter
- added the devices "/dev/ttyAMA0" and "/dev/ttyAMA1" for use with the Raspberry Pi
- added the devices "/dev/ttyACM0" and "/dev/ttyACM1" for use with the Atmel (USB-)microcontrollers
- added the devices "/dev/rfcomm0" and "/dev/rfcomm1" for use with Bluetooth
- added the devices "/dev/ircomm0" and "/dev/ircomm1" for Infrared communication
- added the following functions: RS232_enableDTR(), RS232_disableDTR(), RS232_enableRTS(), RS232_disableRTS() and RS232_IsDSREnabled()
- changed function "cprintf()" to "RS232_cputs()"


The 2021 IUCN World Conservation Congress set a global plan to conserve nature
The IUCN World Conservation Congress closed in Marseille, on Friday 11, setting the future agenda for the nature’s conservation. The World Conservation Congress is the world’s largest and most inclusive environmental decision-making forum. The event held on Sept. 3-11, brought over 1,500 Members who debated and voted on 39 Motions, to approve the next IUCN programme for 2021-2024 – Nature 2030: Union in Action.
This year, the Congress’s strong focus was on the post-COVID recovery, the biodiversity and climate crises, and on the role and rights of indigenous peoples in conservation. The world is increasingly recognising the inextricable link between biodiversity conservation and human and economic wellbeing, a connection made all the more visible by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The IUCN Congress will be a key milestone for nature conservation and the development of a new global framework for biodiversity. The objective is to “drive action on nature-based recovery, on climate change and biodiversity for decades to come,” said van Ham. She said policymakers “are not at the same level of awareness” and don’t yet feel as much urgency to act on biodiversity as they do on climate change.
The French government and IUCN remain steadfast in their commitment to these goals. President Emmanuel Macron opened the congress with the vision of “putting nature at the top of the international agenda, because our destinies are intrinsically linked, the planet, the climate, nature and human communities.”
Find out more about the conference here.


Iris, cannas and rhizomes all look rather like sweet potatoes. They are long and firm with
multiple growing points over the surface. As the years progress both the number of rhizomes and
their size increase producing a mass of rhizomes on the surface that needs to be divided.
Most division is done in spring as the new buds are starting to grow. For those plants that
are hardy through the winter, dig the whole clump up as they break dormancy. In areas where the
plants are not winter hardy, wait until the top growth has been killed by frost, remove the
dead stems and lift the rhizomes for storage over the winter where they can be left until
spring to divide.
Before you start, rinse and inspect the rhizomes and remove any soft or decaying areas, then
identify the growth points, just as you can see eyes on potato tubers. With both iris and
cannas you can see the growth points easily and there are multiple ‘eyes’ on each rhizome. For
very large groups the rhizomes will fall apart when you dig them making that first division for
you. If the smaller groups fit your landscape needs they can be replanted directly. Often
larger groups require a knife to help break apart the rhizomes. You can also cut the individual
rhizome into smaller pieces if you want to.
Iris are particularly prone to disease, so it is important that you disinfect the knife both
before you start dividing the group as well as before working on another group of iris. A
solution of one tablespoon of bleach in a gallon of water should be strong enough to cleanse
the knife or blade. Rinse the bleach off the blade before cutting the rhizome.
When you have your new divisions ready, they are planted just below the surface. Do not
plant the rhizome too deeply as they prefer to almost sit on top of the ground.


An update on the risk of transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) via the food chain – Part 2
‘Top-down’ (e.g. surveillance-based) and ‘bottom-up’ approaches (e.g. using the standard microbial risk assessment paradigm) were combined to assess the risk of foodborne transmission of Ebola virus to persons in Europe arising from the consumption of raw food other than bushmeat imported from African countries where human outbreaks due to Zaïre Ebola virus (ZEBOV) have occurred. Using the ‘top-down’ approach, it was concluded that food other than bushmeat has never been identified as associated with human ZEBOV cases in any of the reported outbreaks. There is no evidence for foodborne transmission of ZEBOV to persons in the European Union (EU). The ‘bottom-up’ approach revealed that the necessary sequence of events in the risk pathway involves many hurdles: 1) the raw food to be exported has to be contaminated with ZEBOV at the point of origin; 2) the imported food needs to contain viable virus when it arrives in the EU; 3) the person has to be exposed to the virus; and 4) the person needs to get infected following exposure. Each of these steps is necessary in order for a case of disease to occur and none have been documented to happen in practice. Due to lack of data and knowledge, which results in very high uncertainty, it is not possible to quantify the risk of foodborne transmission of ZEBOV derived from the consumption of these imported foods, or in fact whether or not this mode of transmission could occur at all. The overall conclusions of both approaches are consistent and suggest that the risk of foodborne transmission of ZEBOV via food other than bushmeat imported into the EU remains a theoretical possibility only and has never been demonstrated in practice. However, the uncertainty in the combined assessment is considered high given the lack of data.


Advanced topics in R: reproducible research
This advanced one-day workshop in R covers techniques and best practices for reproducible research — how to ensure that the same analysis can be performed on the same data to produce the same results by other people working at a later time and in a different place.
- Basic R skills — RStudio, data types, etc.
- Basic Git skills
- Basic Linux skills
Date: Thursday, 2018-05-24, 9:00 - 16:00
Place: Plantskolan, K1:477, Segerstedtshuset, Uppsala, Sweden
Instructor: Valentin Georgiev
- Reproducible research
- Self-contained projects in RStudio
- Version control - using Git with RStudio
- R Markdown for creating reproducible reports or notebooks


Information from Dong Nai provincial authority says that the first forest festival is expected to be held in Vietnam in 2013. The event proposal and program have been approved by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
This forest festival is proposed to last for 3 to 4 days with main content focused on countless value of Vietnam’s forest, as well as ancient lives of people inside primary forest zone. A significant message of preserving forests and benefit from them is spread to all participants via numerous activities such as mountain climbing, sport competitions or camping.
The information also indicates that this first festival is held in three locations in Dong Nai, including one place inside Dong Nai’s World Biosphere Reserves Zone and another in Sac forest at Nhon Trach district. Tropical Vietnam has a diverse and large area of forest with 13,118,800ha, which covers 38.7% of Vietnam’s land area. These forests are habitants of various animals and plants, including many rare and nearly-extinct creatures, which contain high value in both science and economy.


In a recent study, researchers found that brushing teeth frequently is linked with lower risks of atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
The research was conducted by a team at Ewha Woman’s University.
Previous research suggests that poor oral hygiene leads to bacteria in the blood, causing inflammation in the body.
Inflammation increases the risks of atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) and heart failure (the heart’s ability to pump blood or relax and fill with blood is impaired).
This study examined the link between oral hygiene and the risks of these two heart conditions.
The team tested 161,286 participants of the Korean National Health Insurance System aged 40 to 79 with no history of irregular heartbeat or heart failure.
Participants underwent a routine medical examination between 2003 and 2004. Information was collected on height, weight, laboratory tests, illnesses, lifestyle, oral health, and oral hygiene behaviors.
During a follow-up of 10.5 years, 4,911 (3.0%) participants developed an irregular heartbeat and 7,971 (4.9%) developed heart failure.
The team found tooth brushing three or more times a day was linked to a 10% lower risk of atrial fibrillation and a 12% lower risk of heart failure.
The team says that one possibility is that frequent tooth brushing reduces bacteria in the subgingival biofilm (bacteria living in the pocket between the teeth and gums), thereby preventing translocation to the bloodstream.
While the role of inflammation in the occurrence of heart disease is becoming more and more evident, intervention studies are needed to define strategies of public health importance.
One author of the study is Dr. Tae-Jin Song.
The study is published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.
Copyright © 2020 Knowridge Science Report. All rights reserved.


In order to reduce the frequency of researchers routing in and out of the testing site and ensure the fluency of the testing we design a new filter system applied to the streak cameras. This system promotes streak cameras’ abilities on spatial discrimination and time resolution. This paper focuses on the instruction of the piezoelectric motor’s principle based on field-effect tubes. Filter wheel is driven by piezoelectric motor. It can effectively avoid the influences of high field produced by streak tube. Finally we achieve auto regulation at different gears and promote the efficiency of operations and guarantee the safety of researchers. CD4046 introduces the driven clock of this system and we use an inverter to get two synchronous inverted signals. These signals are amplified by field-effect tubes to more than 300V. The amplified ones are integrated at the output terminals to generate sinusoidal signal. The test shows that in this filter system piezoelectric motor operates at its resonance frequency under a control signal of 62.5 KHz. Its working current is 1.9A and driving power is almost 10W. By adjusting the gears, the filter wheel costs less than 2 seconds to calibrate. We accomplish the test in respected results.


The German economy has several hundred occupations to offer school leavers who are more practically inclined. The opportunities for gaining attractive training positions are increasing. In 2015, a record number of training places — around 40 000 — remained unfilled. The Bertelsmann Stiftung states in the Vocational education and training country monitor that, ‘A further reduction in the number of trainees could accelerate or trigger a shortage of skilled workers in many sectors because, at the same time as this, the baby boomer generation is entering retirement.’ They also state that, according to estimations, approximately 10.5 million employees with a VET qualification will have left the labour force by 2030.
Chambers of industry and commerce and chambers of crafts and trades have been raising the alarm over such a long period that now even Johanna Wanka (CDU), the Federal Minister of Education, is once again promoting dual VET. Corporations and small and medium-sized businesses are promoting their training places more heavily than ever before, professionalising their training plans to make them more attractive. Businesses are vying for university drop-outs, seeking to develop continuing education and training for vocationally qualified employees, promising better promotion opportunities than before; even periods abroad during training are now possible. Everything is being done again to generate interest and enthusiasm in the dual system among committed young people.
Youth unemployment in Germany is lower than anywhere else in the European Union (EU) and the significant contribution of the dual VET system in this regard is indisputable. Germany's flagship training model is even being praised by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) who otherwise never fail to miss an opportunity to extol the virtues of academic career paths.
Source: magazin-schule.de (German e-journal on schools) revised by ReferNet Germany, June 2017


The United States Food Administration was created as part of the Food and Fuel Control Act, or Lever Act, in August 1917 as a wartime measure. The goal was to ensure a steady and cheap supply of needed foodstuffs to the military and our allies. The administration had broad authority to set prices for staples like grain, license distributors, coordinate purchases for overseas shipments, prosecute profiteers and hoarders and encourage farmers to grow more. It was headed up Herbert Hoover and his work would later propel him to the presidency.
In addition to working with food producers, the Food Administration worked to change the habits of consumers as well. President Wilson issued a proclamation asking Americans to have meatless Tuesdays, wheat-less Wednesdays and sweet-less Saturdays. The directives were voluntary for ordinary citizens but the Food Administration could and did enforce them for bakeries, restaurants and other public eateries. It also set up organizations designed to help people produce their own food. The United States School Garden Army helped to train children to produce their own food for the war effort. The War Garden Commission printed and distributed informational pamphlets on gardening and home food preservation.
The Food Administration was, however, controversial. The Lever Act banned the use of grains for the production of alcohol as a wartime measure, effectively instituting a sort of backdoor prohibition. Furthermore, many farmers felt that prices set by the administration were too low.
The United States Food Administration proved highly successful. By the end of the war, nearly one-fourth of all American food production was being funneled into the war effort. The administration continued its work after the war to feed refugees, but by the end of 1920 it had died out.


Our bones all float in a giant web of soft tissue called myofascia. None of them touch each other, they are suspended individually within this structure of tension and compression, without which, our bones would clatter to the floor. This tension allows for movement of the bones and distribution of strain and heavy loads, essential to our everyday needs.
If a shortness is created somewhere, for example, tissue holding together too tightly, the whole structure changes shape, creating areas of weakness, and our strength and ability to function decreases. Shortness can happen due to such things as trauma or postural habits.
It is essential that our soft tissue structure keeps the same amount of tension throughout itself for optimum performance. Tissues which have shortened, thus creating pain problems can be treated with myofascial release massage treatments, enabling the body structure to bounce back with a good and efficient tension balance for a full range of movement.


World’s first 3D printed bridge constructed
The world’s first 3D printed pedestrian bridge has been sited in an urban park in the central Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha.
The structure was designed by the Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia who say it is intended to reflect natural forms It has a total length of 12m and a width of 1.75m, seeks to demonstrate that 3D printing can be utilised for creating outdoor structures.
Developed through parametric design, this approach optimises the distribution of materials and minimises the amount of waste by recycling raw material during manufacture.
The computational design also maximised structural performance, as it used the micro-reinforced concrete only where it is needed.


This term we are looking at the skeletons of humans and animals. We will be finding out the differences and similarities between them. We will also look at how muscles are important to our movement.
We have also been learning how the brain works and looking at the functions of the different parts.
We discovered the story of the structured workings of a variety of animals living in the rain forest. We created our own skeletons using different media.
In science, we will be learning about light.
We created shadows by making a solid shape and shining a light on it. We traced the shadow that we made. Secondly, we drew and cut out shadow puppets with a movable part.
In science, we learnt about sounds and vibrations.
We experimented with different pitches. We made sound sandwiches using lollipop sticks, rubber bands and straws. The harder we blew, the higher the pitch.
We used bird seed on tambourines to create different vibrations. The harder we hit, the bigger the vibration.


The Seven Hathors/The Seven Sisters
THE SEVEN HATHORS/ THE SEVEN SISTERS
In ancient Egypt, the Star Cluster we call the Pleiades was know as "The Celestial Heard" and were an import part of the system of timekeeping and a seasonal marker. ...
Associated with both the Goddess Hathor, and “The Hathors” – the milk symbolized the stars in the milky way, and as the seven cows pour their nourishing milk, represents the seven stars streaming the light of the milky way down our galactic arm to our solar system. Milky Way as source of Life!
The following article is one I read again and again for inspiration and to make connections. Care to “geek out” with me??
The Pleiades: The Celestial Herd of Ancient Timekeepers
Amelia Sparavigna Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, Italy
In the ancient Egypt seven goddesses, represented by seven cows, composed the celestial herd that provides the nourishment to her worshippers. This herd is observed in the sky as a group of stars, the Pleiades, close to Aldebaran, the main star in the Taurus constellation. For many ancient populations, Pleiades were relevant stars and their rising was marked as a special time of the year. In this paper, we will discuss the presence of these stars in ancient cultures. Moreover, we will report some results of archeoastronomy on the role for timekeeping of these stars, results which show that for hunter-gatherers at Palaeolithic times, they were linked to the seasonal cycles of aurochs.
Read the entire paper:


After certifying its first LEED project in 2005, the CaGBC collected data over the next eight years, measuring the direct impact LEED Canada made on various aspects of the environment, including greenhouse gas emissions, national energy and water consumption and waste diversion. The results were compelling:
A 312,006 C02e tonne reduction in greenhouse gas emissions which equates to taking 58,980 cars off the roads for a year.
- Energy savings of 1,600,321 eMWh, enough to power 54,307 homes in Canada for a full year.
- Home water conservation strategies that resulted in saving over 3.3 billion litres, the equivalent of 1,336 Olympic sized swimming pools.
- Recycling over 2 million tonnes of construction/demolition waste, or enough to fill 639,642 garbage trucks.
- Installing 100,239 sq metres of green roofs, or an area the size of 66 NHL hockey rinks. Green roofs reduce the urban heat island effect, reduce building energy demands, provide urban green space and mitigate storm water flows in urban areas. See our DIY Green roof installation video here.
In a statement issued by the Canada Green Building Council, President and CEO Thomas Mueller stated:
"I am very proud of how far we’ve come; it is a testament to the growth of the Canadian green building industry which has embraced LEED over the past decade."
Celebrating how far the program has come yet continuing to push for growth, Mueller continues,
"Canada is now considered one of the global leaders in green building with some of the most innovative and advanced buildings in the world. But we cannot become complacent in the wake of the progress we have made. We need to strive to design buildings that are not only sustainable but regenerative, and make more inroads in the retrofit and operations of existing buildings to counteract the steady decline of ecosystem health worldwide."


Gas giant Shell has been keeping the big issue of climate change under wraps since the early 90’s. How do we know? The video, Climate of Concern, produced by Shell in 1991 was recently released. In it, we learn that Shell has long known about the risks and real threat of climate change. They just prefer to do little to try and stop it.
Climate of Concern is a 28 minute documentary that was produced by Shell and meant for public viewing. It was primarily shown in schools and universities as a way to warn the next generation. Shell understood that climate change would have catastrophic negative effects on the world and needed to be dealt with. Unfortunately, that understanding did nothing to change their actions.
In the film, Shell explains that if climate change were to become more drastic we would see climate refugees, famine, floods and more extreme weather. They recognize that the burning of fossil fuels releases dangerous emissions into the air that cause climate change. The film goes on to say that solar heat and wind energy are both valuable alternatives. In the end, the only solution is to reduce and stop the burning of fossil fuels.
Despite this bold stance against fossil fuels, Shell has acted oppositely in the past 26 years since their film’s release. They continued to look for more oil and gas, invested in tar sands, promoted fracking and joined lobby groups that doubted the authenticity of climate change.
These days, Shell admits that climate change is real and caused by fossil fuels. They invest in clean energy, but invest much more into fossil fuels. This is a classic case of Shell talking the talk but not walking the walk. In their 1991 film, they called for action now in order to stop climate change. It’s been 26 years, Shell - where is the action?


This briefing note outlines the origins and structures of combined authorities, which will handle many of the 'devolution deals' agreed between the Government and local areas in England.Jump to full report >>
Combined authorities are a legal structure that may be set up by local authorities in England. They can be set up with or without a directly-elected mayor. The relevant legislation is the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 and the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016.
Combined authorities may be set up by two or more local authorities. They may take on statutory functions transferred to them by an Order made by the Secretary of State, plus any functions that the constituent authorities agree to share.
The first combined authority to be established was the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, in 2011. In 2014-16, the Government has negotiated ‘devolution deals’ with several areas. Each of the existing combined authorities has negotiated a deal, and new mayoral combined authorities have been proposed in other participating areas. Orders implementing the devolution deals have been laid before Parliament during 2016.
Further details on the background to, and content of, devolution deals can be found in the Library briefing paper Devolution to local government in England.
Commons Briefing papers SN06649
Author: Mark Sandford


Writing essays in high school is an essential basic skill that every student needs to succeed in high school, college and in the workplace since you can never be sure, what individual. Find help on high school essay structure and highschool essay topics on this page review a high school essay sample for free. How to write any high school essay writing a high school essay is an important basic skill that you will need to succeed in high school, college, and in the workplace while you can never. Need a unique, good and interesting personal essay topic to write about we have come up with 100 cool topic ideas for college students neindiaresearchorg high school essays, college. High school essay writing for the sat strengthens essay writing skills at the high school and college prep level.
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Objective: To determine if the frequency of left-handedness is high in children with spastic cerebral diplegia. Design: Case-control study. Methods: One hundred and eleven children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and 444 age- and gender-matched controls were studied. The handedness of each child was assigned on the basis of responses to questions on the hand preference for writing and drawing, feeding and throwing a ball. The data were analysed by conditional logistic regression and computing the odds ratio and 95 confidence intervals for left handedness. Results: Of the 111 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, 45 were left-handed, while 13 of 444 normal children were left-handed. The odds ratio for left-handedness in children with diplegic cerebral palsy as compared to normal children was 27.33 (95 CI11.63, 64.25). Conclusion: The study shows that left-handedness is very frequently encountered in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Developmental Neuroscience


Definition of varlet in English:
- Example sentences
- I will go and fright the varletry with my presence, and secure, I trust, a horse for Your Majesty, and one for myself.
- The modern magazine reader is a member of the new bourgeois varletry, the monied class that makes the old nouveau riche look like aristocracy.
valet from Late Middle English:
Rich men who could afford to employ a valet to look after their clothes had to be careful that he was also not a varlet (mid 16th century), ‘an unprincipled man’, as the words are essentially the same. French valet ‘attendant’ and its early variant varlet are related to vassal (Late Middle English), from medieval Latin vassallus ‘retainer’, which derived from a Celtic word. The first valets were 15th-century footmen who acted as attendants on a horseman.
Words that rhyme with varletscarlet, Scarlett, starlet, starlit
Definition of varlet in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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To begin with this question, we must write the translate the written problem into an algebraic problem that can be solved. Remember, "quotient" means division, "times" means multiplication, and "is no more than" is an inequality. Let's start from the beginning:
Our unknown, "a number," will be represented by "x." "The quotient of five times a number and 7" translates to 5x/7. "is no more than" is less than, which we will show using the symbol "<." 10 will remain 10. So, our inequality is 5x/7 < 10. To solve, we will isolate the variable by first multiplying both sides by 7 to get 5x < 70. And finally, we will divide both sides by 5 to get x < 14.


Scientific Name: Amoeba proteus
Image Courtesy of: Joanne Whallon
Image Width: 30 microns
Image Technology: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy
Amoebas are some of the most famous members of the microbial world. Amoebas have no fixed shape. Instead, these blobs of protoplasm constantly shift their shape while moving and eating. An amoeba moves by extending part of its "body", called a psuedopod ("false foot"), and then using the psuedopod to drag itself to the new location. Amoebas also use their shape-shifting abilities while feeding; they surround their food with extended psuedopodia, engulfing their prey.


Like cities, Colonies are the primary building blocks of your empire.
Any colonist can found a new colony. Colonies can be built anywhere except on mountains, water tiles, or right next to existing colonies. It is highly advised to build in a place where the new colony will access to both ore and lumber. Forests are plentiful in the New World and therefore finding a site near a source of lumber is usually not difficult. If a colony does not have a source of ore in its radius, the ore or tools will have to be shipped in from elsewhere.
The center tile of a colony automatically yields two of its resources, and one of these two resources is always food.
The other resource of a center tile is never lumber, and colonizing a forest tile with lumber as special resource would be a pretty bad idea. If possible the other resource is also never ore. In other words, it will be the best resource (e.g., tobacco or cotton) a colonist on an ordinary tile could work on, excluding food, lumber, and ore.
Colony screenEditUnlike Civ games, only the nearest 8 squares are workable by a colony.
If you move the last colonist in the colony to the area in the lower right with a fence, you will prompted,
"Shall we indeed abandon our (name) colony, Your Excellency, forfeiting all of our hard work here?"
If you choose Yes, the colony will be no more. However, if a Stockade, Fort, or Fortress has been built, you will receive the message,
"We cannot voluntarily reduce below three the population of a colony that has a stockade, fort, or fortress."
A colony can never be completely starved to death, because the center tile will always produce enough food to support at least one colonist.


|Photo by Dan Blair (Bird Forum)|
fan-tailed berrypecker (en); pica-bagas-de-leque (pt); piquebaie éventail (fr); picabayas abanico (es); fächerschwanz-beerenpicker (de)
This species is endemic to the island of New Guinea, where it is mainly restricted to the mountain ranges along the center of the islands, both in Papua-New-Guinea and Indonesia.
These birds are 14-19 cm long. The males are smaller, weighing 12,5-15 g, while females weigh 16-20 g.
This species is mostly found in High-altitude scrublands and rainforests, but also in grasslands and second growths, at altitudes of 1.250-3.700 m.
They feed mainly on berries and small fruits, but will also take some small insects.
Fan-tailed berrypeckers can probably breed all year round. They nest in a sturdy, deep cup made of fern fibres and lined with lichens, usually placed on a fork in a tree or on an horizontal branch. There the female lay 1-2 eggs. The is no information regarding the length of the incubation and fledgling periods.
IUCN status - LC (Least Concern)
This species has a large breeding range and is reported to be scarce to fairly common. There is no information regarding population trends or threats, but the species is not considered threatened at present.


If you are looking for information about the gluten-free diet, How to Be Gluten Free (affiliate link) is a very practical guide to getting started. It covers 10 steps to help you become happily gluten free.
Out of the three gluten containing grains, wheat, rye, and barley, wheat is the one most commonly found in foods. But did you know that there are several types of wheat?
Thanks to the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act, all forms of wheat have to be listed as wheat. That makes label reading much easier for us. However, it doesn’t mean that you won’t see the types of wheat listed by their lesser known names or get questions from family or friends about them.
When I was diagnosed 11 years ago, it was common for health food store employees to tell you that you could eat spelt. While that form of wheat might be easier for some people to digest, if you have celiac disease or a gluten sensitivity, it is off limits.
Here is a list of types of wheat or other names for wheat. They all contain gluten.
|Bulgar||A form of wheat that has been parboiled, dried, and cracked|
|Couscous||Dried granules of semolina (see below)|
|Durum||A type of wheat|
|Einkorn||A type of wheat|
|Emmer||A type of wheat|
|Farro||A type of wheat|
|Kamut||A type of wheat|
|Semolina||A granular product of durum wheat|
|Spelt||A type of wheat|
|Triticale||A hybrid cross between wheat and rye|
|Triticum||The Latin name for wheat|
As I said, in the United States these forms of wheat have to be declared on food labels as wheat. That means you might see something like this on a box of pasta: “Durum (Wheat) Semolina.” Or it might have a list of ingredients, then a statement that says, “Contains wheat ingredients.”
I think it is helpful to be familiar with these types of wheat, though. That way when someone says, “You can eat spelt.” You can answer them, “No, I can’t. Spelt it a type of wheat and contains gluten.”
Can you think of any names for wheat that I have missed?