Measurement, Academic achievement, Student educational objectives, Data collection, Data interpretation, Intervention
One of the biggest challenges educators face is to find better ways to meet the learning needs of the many students who fall behind in our schools, fail to meet year-level expectations (often year after year) and, as a consequence, become increasingly disengaged, writes Professor Geoff Masters AO.
Masters, Geoff N. (2016) The ‘long tail’ of underachievement. Teacher, 1 February 2016. Retrieved from https://www.teachermagazine.com.au/columnists/geoff-masters/the-long-tail-of-underachievement
©The Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd or its licensors 2017. To make a request for reuse, email Teacher Editor - firstname.lastname@example.org
Place of Publication
Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)


Honoring Our Children: Acceptance within the Indian Community
Authors: Arviso, Vivian
This case study is about the creation of safe school environments that promote tolerance and diversity in Indian communities. Native students who have a sexual orientation or gender expression which their classmates perceive as different are often subjected to bullying and harassment and many do not complete their educational goals. Sadly, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) students are 30% more likely to commit suicide than their heterosexual peers. The Story Problem is situated at a high school where a recent suicide has led an Indian student to take action to create a safe and welcoming place in the school for Indian and non-Indian LGBT students by having a support group. Student organizers hope to eliminate bullying and harassment of all students, affirm traditions and identities as Native peoples, and express acceptance to protect the lives of all students.


Length overall (LOA, o/a, o.a. or oa) is the maximum length of a vessel's hull
measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth
(for example, £2.50 per metre LOA).
LOA is usually measured on the hull alone. For sailing ship
s, this may ''exclude'' the bowsprit
and other fittings added to the hull. This is how some racing boats and tall ships
use the term LOA. However, other sources may include bowsprits in LOA. Confusingly, LOA has different meanings. "Sparred length", "Total length including bowsprit", "Mooring length" and "LOA including bowsprit" are other expressions that might indicate the full length of a sailing ship.
Often used to distinguish between the length of a vessel including projections (e.g. bow sprits, etc.) from the length of the hull itself, the Length on Deck or LOD is often reported. This is especially useful for smaller sailing vessels, as their LOA can be significantly different from their LOD.
8666 for small boats, there is a definition of LOH, or length of hull,.
This may be shorter than a vessel's LOA, because it excludes other parts attached to the hull, such as bowsprit
Another measure of length is LWL (loaded waterline length
) which is more useful in assessing a vessel's performance. In some cases (particularly old yacht
s or vessels with bowsprit
s) LWL can be considerably shorter than LOA.
* The National Register of Historic Vessels
* Length between perpendiculars


Based on the species you are working with, you should be aware of the following potential health risks:
- Asthma and Allergy in Animal Handlers
- Bites and Scratches
- Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B Virus)
- Enteric Bacteria
- Lymphochoriomeningitis Virus
- Physical Injury
- Preventing Asthma in Animal Handlers
What You Should Do
1. Be knowledgeable about the potential for developing allergies and/or asthma due to animal handling- especially if you are already allergic.
2. Consider using a NIOSH-approved N95 respirator- even if you do not have any symptoms. These respirators have been shown to reduce the chance of developing laboratory animal allergies. In order to use a respirator, you must have a fit test through the Environmental Health & Safety.
3. Know proper handling techniques of non-human primates. Only trained individuals should handle non-human primates. Handling and restraint training can be scheduled through the Center for Comparative Medicine.
4. Always wash your hands after coming in contact with non-human primates or their saliva, urine, blood, feces, and/or bedding materials.
5. If you are using non-human primates, please be sure to read Non-Human Primate Specific Occupational Health and Safety Risks.
6. If you need to know the procedures to be followed for collecting non-human primate or human samples because of a non-human primate exposure (e.g., bite, scratch, etc.), please read Special procedures for non-human primate specimen handling (PDF).


BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya: The Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) tree, one of the Philippines’ endangered forest trees found in the Sierra Madre mountains, is rapidly vanishing, according to the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (Searca).
Searca Director Dr. Gil Saguiguit Jr. said the latest study showed that heartwood rotting as well as destructive and excessive tapping of the resin may eventually lead to the extinction of the almaciga.
“In order to prevent the extinction of the economically significant almaciga tree, there is a need to introduce the indigenous tribesmen of the Sierra Madre Mountains and the forests of Palawan to the correct tapping or extracting of almaciga resin,” Saguiguit said.
To help prevent the almaciga from going extinct Searca has trained 144 IPs in Palawan and Sierra Madre to improve their resin harvesting methods.
“It is a welcome development that the government has decreed making it unlawful to cut almaciga trees and that efforts are being undertaken to produce more seedlings to beef up the dwindling stocks in Aurora and Palawan,” Saguiguit said
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red Data Book Guide in 2008 has defined almaciga, one of the very few conifer timber species endemic to the Philippines, as an endangered tree.


Abstract—In present day’s world of globalisation, institutionsare not only fostering the formation of graduates ableto operate in one location or country but desires to producethe global engineer equipped with the right knowledge andskills able to operate in any part of the world. A lot of onlineresources have been developed and are made freely availableon the World Wide Web (web). Some of these havebeen developed by individuals, institutions and businessorganisations with an aim to engage learners and users andin aid of helping them improve their productivity and use ofthese tools either for personal or workplace benefit. Thispaper examines some of the resources for sharing andcollaboration in engineering education investigating theprospect and challenges and influence of online technologies.We examine the influence of culture and impact oflanguages with a focus on Africa. In recognition of thechallenges and potential for positive contribution to improvedlearning, economy and life in general, we concludethat it is paramount that opportunities created by moderntechnologies be explored and exploited through sharing andcollaboration for enhanced engineering education provisionin Africa.
- Resource sharing
- sustainable development


Found 10 Records, 6 Photos and 4,620 Family Trees
Ready to discover your family story?
Simply start with yourself and we'll do the searching for you.
Surname meaning for "Kastel"
German: topographic name for someone living near a castle or fort, from Kastell ‘fort’, ‘citadel’ (Latin castellum). Equally, the surname could come from any of the numerous places in Germany so named (more usually written Kastell).


||It has been suggested that this article be merged with Districts of South Africa. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2013.|
|This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
In South Africa, a district municipality (Tswana: mmasepala wa kgaolo; Sotho: masepala wa setereke; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selete; Afrikaans: distriksmunisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wesifunda; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wesiyingi; Xhosa: umasipala wesithili; Swazi: masipaladi wesigodzi; Venda: masipala wa tshiṱiriki; Tsonga: masipala wa xifundza) or Category C municipality is a municipality which executes some of the functions of local government for a district. The district municipality will in turn comprise several local municipalities, with which it shares the functions of local government. District municipalities are seen as successors to former Regional Services Councils (RSC).
The Constitution, section 155.1.a, defines "Category C" municipalities. The Municipal Structures Act states that areas not eligible to have a metropolitan municipality must have a district municipality.
District municipalities have a municipality code that consists of the letters "DC" followed by a number from 1 to 48. The "DC" reflects the fact that they were originally named "District Councils".
Currently all district municipalities are completely divided into local municipalities. However, before the alteration of municipal boundaries which occurred at the 2011 elections, some areas of the country did not fall within any local municipality. This usually occurred in areas with a very low population density, for example national parks and nature reserves. In these areas, which were known as District Management Areas, all local government services were provided by the district municipality.


Part A Commentary on the Modern International Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation, 2 Methodology
Stephen Fietta, Robin Cleverly
- Coastal states — Delimitation — Straits — Territorial sea — Boundaries
This chapter presents some essential preliminaries in the delimitation process—the fundamental question being whether there is a delimitation in force. In most situations, the existence of a delimitation agreement between two States will be clear, but the history of maritime boundary delimitation disputes is replete with situations where it has not been. An important principle of international law in the context of the interpretation of historic delimitation treaties is that of intertemporal law, pursuant to which the law to be applied to a given situation must be the law in force at the time when it arose. Coastlines are the foundation for maritime claims. Delimitation is an exercise of resolving competing claims over maritime areas over which two States have overlapping legal title. Such legal title over maritime space follows from the coastal State’s sovereignty over land territory and as a result of that territory’s coastal projection. The process of delimitation inevitably leads to one or, quite often, both States being deprived of areas over which they would otherwise have legal title. The ‘third-stage approach’ to methodology in maritime delimitations is also examined. The chapter ends with some special considerations in the delimitation of specific maritime zones.


Spitzer's Successor Is NY's First Black Governor
With the resignation of
Eliot Spitzer, Lt. Governor David A. Paterson will become New York's first African-American governor.
He is only the third African-American to become a governor in the U.S. since Reconstruction and is the first legally blind governor in U.S. history.
Paterson will officially take over as governor on Monday.
Paterson, 53 years old, was named lieutenant governor in November 2006. He has been legally blind since childhood, with only partial sight in his right eye.
He was born in Brooklyn to Portia and Basil Paterson. His father was the first non-white secretary of state of New York and the first African-American vice chair of the national Democratic Party.
Paterson earned his bachelor's degree in history from Columbia University, graduating in 1977, and completed his law degree at Hofstra Law School in 1982.
Paterson entered public life in 1985 when he began representing Harlem in the New York State Senate, according to the New York governor's Web site. In 2002, he became the body's minority leader, the first non-white legislative leader in New York state history.
In 2004, Paterson became the first legally blind person to address the Democratic National Convention, the same convention that brought Barack Obama to the national spotlight when he delivered the keynote address.
Paterson is an adjunct professor at Columbia's School for International and Public Affairs. He's also a member of the American Foundation for the Blind, serves as a member of the Democratic National Committee and is a board member of the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee.
He ran the New York City Marathon in 1999 and is a member of the board of the Achilles Track Club.
He lives in Harlem with his wife, Michelle Paige Paterson, and their two children.


Active Braille-like technology developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which allows the blind to feel images the rest of us see on a video screen, has been licensed to a commercial firm to make into real products.
ELIA Life Technology Inc. of New York, N.Y., licensed for commercialization both the tactile graphic display device and fingertip graphic reader developed by NIST researchers. The former, first introduced as a prototype in 2002, allows a person to feel a succession of images on a reusable surface by raising some 3,600 small pins (actuator points) into a pattern that can be locked in place, read by touch and then reset to display the next graphic in line. Each image-from scanned illustrations, Web pages, electronic books or other sources-is sent electronically to the reader where special software determines how to create a matching tactile display. (For more information, see “NIST ‘Pins’ Down Imaging System for the Blind”.)
An array of about 100 small, very closely spaced (1/10 of a millimeter apart) actuator points set against a user’s fingertip is the key to the more recently created “tactile graphic display for localized sensory stimulation.” To “view” a computer graphic with this technology, a blind or visually impaired person moves the device-tipped finger across a surface like a computer mouse to scan an image in computer memory. The computer sends a signal to the display device and moves the actuators against the skin to “translate” the pattern, replicating the sensation of the finger moving over the pattern being displayed. With further development, the technology could possibly be used to make fingertip tactile graphics practical for virtual reality systems or give a detailed sense of touch to robotic control (teleoperation) and space suit gloves.


Water for the turbines at Dalchonzie power station comes through a tunnel from Loch Earn. Architects carefully designed power stations and dams for hydro schemes. These structures had to enhance or blend into the Highland landscape to be accepted by local people.
Hydro in Perthshire
In the 1940s, hydro power brought electricity to rural Scotland and transformed the way people lived. Today, we care for this legacy but also invest in the future through new hydro stations and wind farms.
The Breadalbane scheme centres on Loch Lyon, Loch Earn and Loch Tay. This mountainous region contains several deep glaciated valleys with high peaks well above 900 metres. The steep slopes and heavy rain and snowfall are ideal for producing hydro power. The snowfields act as ‘nature’s batteries’, storing water until the snow melts.
The scheme began generating power in 1956, with the entire scheme in place by 1961. Today it contains three sections – Lawers, Killin and St. Fillans – with seven main power stations.


To date the British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel has accumulated 2569 salivary gland tumours. Of these, 2410 were primary epithelial salivary gland tumours and these formed the basis of the present study. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the World Health Organisation classification. Tumours were analysed according to histological type, site, age and sex. The principal site was the parotid and the combined minor (oropharyngeal) glands formed the second largest group. Pleomorphic adenomas formed the largest group of tumours in most sites, but were particularly common in the parotid. The frequency of malignant tumours increased with age after the third decade and was maximal in the eighth decade. Malignant tumours were more common in the submandibular and the minor glands than in the parotid. In the sublingual gland six out of seven tumours were malignant.


Have your say on shaping the City Corporation’s priorities
How we manage Epping Forest
Epping Forest is one of very few large, ancient forests in this part of Britain and has lots of rare or important habitats like ancient semi-natural woodland, wood-pasture, old grassland plains, heathlands, and wetlands.
Each of these habitats is home to different trees, wildlife and even fungi, which together make up a rich mosaic of nature. This also means that each area has very different needs which we carefully manage to make sure they're here and healthy for future generations.
The Epping Forest Act 1878
The Epping Forest Act was written when the City of London Corporation first became Conservators of the Forest and underpins how we manage it.
Epping Forest Annual Review
Read Epping Forest's Annual Review for 2020-21, where we outline our purpose as a charitable organisation, our aims and objectives, and how we've progressed towards those in the last year.
Epping Forest's management strategy
Epping Forest is managed according to a carefully written plan which we call our management strategy. You can read more about how we manage the Forest in our Management Strategy document below.


Translation of quay in Spanish:
- Example sentences
- It is a source of pride to see the Celtic Explorer alongside the quay in her home port of Galway.
- The men created a world of their own on the docks, levees, plantation landings, city quays, and steamboat decks of the Mississippi River economy.
- In 1682, the estates of East Frisia gave Brandenburg-Prussia help by allowing their ships to use her quays in Emden - a large harbour on the North Sea.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


A Brief Introduction To The Semitic Languages (Gorgias Handbooks)
A Brief Introduction to the Semitic Languages (Gorgias Handbooks)
With a written history of nearly five thousand years, the Semitic languages comprise one of the world s earliest attested and longest attested families. Well known members of the family include Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Amharic, and Akkadian. This volume provides an overview of this important language family, including both ancient and modern languages. After a brief introduction to the history of the family and its internal classification, subsequent chapters cover topics in phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon.
Each chapter describes features that are characteristic of the Semitic language family as a whole, as well as some of the more extraordinary developments that take place in the individual languages. This provides both a typological overview and a description of more unique features. The chapters contain abundant examples from numerous languages. All the examples include morpheme by morpheme glosses, as well as translations, which help make these examples clear and accessible even to those not familiar with a given language. Concluding the book is a detailed guide to further reading, which directs the reader to the most important reference tools and secondary literature, and an up-to-date bibliography.
This brief introduction contains a rich variety of...


The big question for what happens next for the city of Brisbane and for many cities worldwide is the role of climate change in flood events.
The previous big flood event in the city was in 1974. Since then a dam has been built as flood mitigation and in 2011 it has protected the city from more severe flooding.
However, with climate change, the expected frequency and severity of flooding could be expected to increase. So yes, a competition too – looking at the bigger picture – to design floodable spaces and places for cities would be a great contribution to urban flood defences and urban design.


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends four vaccines for adolescents:
- Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis vaccine (1 dose)
- Meningococcal disease vaccine (2 doses)
- Human papillomavirus vaccine(3 doses)
- Influenza (one dose annually)
Research shows that immunization rates fall off dramatically during adolescence (ages 11-19). Many adolescents do not receive preventive care or attend well care visits. Therefore, it is important for health professionals to use all opportunities to ask about immunization status and to provide necessary immunizations. These opportunities include sick visits and sports or camp physicals. Any health care encounter is an opportunity to check immunization status.
Communication between providers, parents and adolescents is key. Education is an effective method of changing attitudes toward vaccination. Increasing parent knowledge about the importance of adolescent vaccines in a way that they can understand may change their views. Once properly educated, parents can make an informed decisions regarding having their adolescents immunized.
Here are four things providers can do to increase the incidence of your patients get fully vaccinated:
- Strongly recommend adolescent vaccines to parents. Parents trust your opinion more than anyone else’s when it comes to vaccinations. Studies consistently show that provider recommendation is the strongest predictor of vaccination.
- Use every opportunity to vaccinate. Ask about vaccination status at every adolescent visit.
- Patient reminder and recall systems such as automated postcards, phone calls and text messages are effective tools for increasing office visits.
- Implement standing orders policies so that patients can receive vaccines without a physician examination or individual physician order.


International schools face a unique set of challenges when it comes to assessment. Not only do they operate in incredibly diverse educational and cultural contexts but they also cater to large numbers of children for whom English is not their first language. As much traditional assessment relies on verbal skills, this can be a problem.
The evidence from the UK and elsewhere is that any disadvantage EAL students may have in a curriculum delivered in English is soon nullified if their needs and potential are accurately identified. Indeed, in the UK, gaps in attainment are generally diminished by the time students take GCSEs. Elsewhere in this report we outline what steps teachers and schools can take to overcome any obstacles EAL students face.
This report explores how:
- Assessments can help to identify needs and accelerate learning
- International schools can adapt to the increasing challenges of SEN provision
- Schools can define, identify and support gifted and talented students
- Teachers can unlock the potential of EAL students
- Data can be used to help personalise learning for all students


In Mormyrid fish the electric organ appears to discharge as a single unit, and the frequency of discharge is a simply quantifiable behavioural variable. Following a study showing that acceleration in discharge rate can be conditioned classically, demonstration of operant conditioning was undertaken using a yoked control procedure. For each pair of fish six to twelve series of trials were run, and in successive series the avoidance and control contingencies were reversed. The procedure permitted comparison of the contingencies successively in the same fish and simultaneously between fish. The results from eight Gnathonemus indicated that avoidance conditioning can control electric organ activity. In naive subjects avoidance conditioning produced significantly more responding than yoked classical conditioning (P > 0·02). The occurrence of avoidance conditioning was confirmed by the effects of subsequent reversals of avoidance and control schedules.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Animal Science and Zoology


H. BRUCE DENSON, M.D.
Pulmonary hemosiderosis, a disease of unknown etiology, is considered to be uncommon in children and rare in adults. The first description was given by Virchow in 1851, but it was not until 80 years later, in 1931, that Ceelen published the first clinical report. Clinical, roentgenologic and pathologic correlations were presented in 1944 by Waldenström1 and in 1948 Wyllie et al.2 published a review of the subject. Browning and Houghton3 mentioned three adult cases and added three of their own, while Soergel,4 in a more recent survey, culled 12 authenticated adult cases from the literature.
Numerous authors have noted that
DENSON HB. IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS: AN ADULT CASE WITH ACUTE ONSET, SHORT COURSE AND SUDDEN, FATAL OUTCOME1. Ann Intern Med. 1960;53:579–585. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-53-3-579
Download citation file:
Published: Ann Intern Med. 1960;53(3):579-585.
Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Medicine, Red Cell Disorders.
Results provided by:
Copyright © 2019 American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.
Print ISSN: 0003-4819 | Online ISSN: 1539-3704
Conditions of Use


Back to Resource Topics
By Subject Area: Mathematics
, Educational Options: Enrichment Programs
, For Educators: Curriculum Related
, For Parents: Parenting for High Potential
, Grade Level: Elementary School
, Grade Level: Middle School
||Project M3, Mentoring Mathematical Minds, was a 5-year collaborative research effort of faculty at the University of Connecticut, Northern Kentucky University, and Boston University and teachers, administrators, and students in 10 schools of varying socioeconomic levels in Connecticut and Kentucky. A team of national experts in the fields of mathematics, mathematics education, and gifted education created a total of 12 curriculum units of advanced mathematics. This website, maintained by the University of Connecticut, provide smathematics education through a series of online learning units geared toward educators, students and parents.
The appearance of any information in the Davidson Institute's Database does not imply an endorsement by, or any affiliation with, the Davidson Institute. All information presented is for informational purposes only and is solely the opinion of and the responsibility of the author. Although reasonable effort is made to present accurate information, the Davidson Institute makes no guarantees of any kind, including as to accuracy or completeness. Use of such information is at the sole risk of the reader.


EAU CLAIRE, Wis. (WEAU) -- There's an asteroid zipping through space, getting ready for a close encounter with Earth.
Simulation video from NASA shows Asteroid 2012 DA-14 going at top speed toward our planet.
But before you panic, NASA is assuring all that the asteroid will miss Earth on February 15th.
“It was about a week ago when it was first noticed,” said Lyle Ford, a physics and astronomy professor at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.
Ford said based on its path, scientists can be certain the asteroid won't slam into us.
“An object of this size probably passes impacts Earth maybe every 100, maybe thousand years or so. This asteroid will come within 18,000 miles of the surface of the Earth. That's closer than communication satellites. This is closest one we've seen coming in that's ever been noticed,” Ford said.
The asteroid is heading our way at 17,450 miles per hour and is 50 meters wide, half the size of a football field.
“If it were to hit Eau Claire it would wipe it out,” Ford said.
Although the space rock will fly by satellites, earthlings probably won't notice its visit next Friday.
“When it’s closest to the earth it will be 1:30 here, middle of the day and by the time it gets dark it will be too dim for us to see,” Ford said.
The close encounter has some buzzing about the "what ifs".
“Who knows what kind of damage it would do, hopefully that’s enough time to get people evacuated from the area,” said Kayla Vandenlangenberg.
“You can look back on your life and see how good it was. Give a week of reflection I guess,” said Christopher Greene.
“It would be a cool way to go out, right? Big Asteroid coming at you,” said Josh Solomon.
We’re safe now, but it may just be a matter of time before the big one.
“Are we talking 1 million years? 100 years? Within 1 million years we're going to be hit by something,” Ford said.


A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.
Ceiling medallions are classic ceiling accents and are used extensively by decorators, designers and architects. With their rich detailing and ornate, deep relief patterns, ceiling medallions were added to the most principal rooms of the house.
Faux painting or faux finishing are terms used to describe decorative paint finishes that replicate the appearance of materials such as marble, wood or stone. In modern day faux finishing, there are two major materials/processes used. Glaze work involves using a translucent mixture of paint and glaze applied with a brush, roller, rag, or sponge.


John William Hill was the son of the British aquatint engraver John Hill and the father of John Henry Hill. He immigrated with his family to this country in 1819. He was apprenticed to his father in 1822 when his family moved from Philadelphia to New York City.
In 1833, by the age of 21, he was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design. Early in his career he was a topographical artist employed by the New York State Geological Survey and later by Smith Brothers of New York City, for whom he made watercolor views of many American cities. About 1855, Hill read Ruskin’s Modern Painters and became interested in the American Pre-Raphaelite Movement of which he came to be considered the leading spirit in America.
A versatile artist, he worked in lithography, aquatint, and watercolor. He made detailed pictures directly from nature, many in watercolor and executed in a stipple technique with tiny brushes normally employed for miniatures.
He exhibited at the National Academy of Design from 1829 until his death and also at the Brooklyn Art Association from 1862 until his death.
He traveled to the White Mountains in 1852 and again in 1857.


Highlight: Bacterial biofilms make the seeds of their own undoing
The slime on your shower walls, the plaque on your teeth, the coatings that can form on medical instruments or hospital surfaces--all of these are bacterial biofilms, communities of bacteria that can persist despite scrubbing or even antibiotic treatment.
New research shows that at least one type of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, produces certain amino acids that actually prevent biofilm formation and trigger the breakdown of existing biofilms, researchers report in the April 30 issue of Science.
As biofilms age, their nutrient supply decreases, waste products accumulate, and it becomes more advantageous for the cells to return to their individual, free-floating forms.
Ilana Kolodkin-Gal and colleagues have found that B. subtilis bacteria secrete an unusual type of amino acid, D-amino acid, which releases them from the aging communities. D-amino acids, which are produced by many bacteria, may be a widespread signal for biofilm disassembly, according to the authors, who suggest that these amino acids could be useful in medical or industrial settings as anti-biofilm agents.


New From JHU Press
In 1665, the city of London experienced a plague so
devastating that it is simply and forever known as the
Great Plague. Killing 100,000 people in and around London,
almost a third of the population, this epidemic had a
devastating effect on the city's economy and social fabric,
as well as on those who lived through it. Yet even at the
height of the plague, the city did not descend into chaos.
In their new account of this epidemic, historian A. Lloyd
Moote and microbiologist Dorothy C. Moote find that in
London doctors, apothecaries, surgeons, and clergy remained
in the city to care for the sick; parish and city officials
confronted the crisis with all the legal tools at their
disposal; even business continued.
The Great Plague: The Story of London's Most Deadly
Year tells its fascinating story through the
experiences of nine diverse individuals, five of whom
stayed in the city throughout the epidemic and four who
observed events from the surrounding countryside.
Underscoring the human dimensions of the epidemic, Lloyd
and Dorothy Moote offer a detailed history of the Great
Plague and suggest the dangers modern societies still face
from microscopic threats. (March, 384 pages, 20
illustrations, $29.95 hardcover)
GO TO APRIL 12, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GO TO THE GAZETTE


The Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) – The Fair
The Pacific National Exhibition (PNE), otherwise known as the Fair, was started in 1910 as a showcase of British Columbia to the rest of Canada and the world. The Fair has evolved over the past century from its role as an industry showcase to a hub for entertainment and family fun.
Throughout the Fair’s long and very rich history, several technological firsts debuted at the PNE, including the first rotary telephone in the Pacific Northwest, and aircraft and rocketry displays. It is British Columbia’s largest annual ticketed event, running for 17 days beginning on the Friday two weeks before the Labour Day weekend.
Each year, over 900,000 people visit the Fair to enjoy the rides and games of the midway, watch the shows and concerts, experience International exhibits, watch amazing animals, and taste exotic foods and quirky annual treats, and explore more than 200 booths in the shopping marketplace.
New this year:
20% price reduction in Gate Admission and parking rates
Coupon Book with hundreds of dollars in savings on food and merchandise
Reserved seating and a bigger venue for Summer Night Concerts
Genghis Khan: The Exhibition
Dueling Pianos in the Plaza Beer Garden
RCMP Musical Ride
For more attractions, show times and information, visit pne.ca.


“Taking care of her sister when mom isn’t home “: because the mother must fight to get food and money to pay for school.
Poverty is cyclical. The best indicator of if a child will end up in poverty is if her parents live in poverty.
It’s pretty simple to understand: (1) Economic classes tend to segregate (2) Meaning poor people generally live clustered together (3) Meaning that their collective political clout degrades and rarely leads to improved access to resources and opportunities.
But there is one secret weapon underused, or deliberately neglected, in most communities around the world that can break this cycle: the education of girls & women.
Yes, it’s that simple. If girls & women around the world were given an education (a full education!), then poverty would not be so persistent.
Let me explain:
Imagine you’re a young girl living in a small village that doesn’t have access to clean water and sanitation, among many other things. There’s a good chance you’ll experience continual hunger, which, if experienced frequently before the age of 2, can lead to irreversible damage.
A schoolhouse is 10 miles away, but there is a small fee for each pupil. Your parents can only afford to send one of their children to learn at this school and since boys are deemed more valuable, your brother gets to walk there every day.
So you never learn how to read or write or how to do advanced arithmetic. You are forced to work long hours to help support your brother’s education.
Girl and women are important in the education of their children. That why,
“Support girls “


Phonics teaches students how to both pronounce words and to properly spell words according to sounds. Despite the great variance in English rules of pronunciation, basic guidelines can helpbeginning readers pronounce and and spell words with a fair amount of confidence and accuracy.
Parliament Phonics Tutoring Program prepares students with:
- A patient introduction to the rules of phonetic pronunciation in English.
- Adequate practice with actual pronunciation and spelling of words. Parliament Phonics tutors will help students gain confidence in their speaking and spelling ability.
- Help with the correction of mispronunciations. Parliament Phonic Tutors will help student identify common pitfalls in English spelling and pronunciation and spelling.


The Tiger Rising Reading Comprehension Activity Guide
This is a reading comprehension activity guide and answer key for The Tiger Rising by Kate DiCamillo. This guide contains 23 pages of activities (45 total pages including the answer key, assessments, and scoring rubrics).
12-year-old Rob Horton has recently moved with his father to a motel in Lister, Florida. Ever since his mother's death, Rob has shut up his feelings in a big "suitcase" and clamped it down tight. He is determined that nothing will make him cry again--not the bullies who torment him at his new school, not the ugly rash on his legs, and especially not missing his mother, whom he is very skilled at not-thinking about. But then two extraordinary things happen: Rob discovers a real-life tiger, pacing back and forth in a cage near the motel where he lives. On that same day, he meets Sistine BaileyÃ¢ï¿½Â¦
This is one of the most comprehensive reading packets you will find directly related to this book. Included are comprehension questions for each chapter with an emphasis on reading strategies such as visualizing, summarizing, predicting, making connections, and many more. Also included is a list of key vocabulary words broken down by chapter. Grading rubrics are included for assessing your studentsÃ¢ï¿½ï¿½ understanding of the key reading strategies, end of the novel extension activities, and for the comprehension guide itself.
The Reading Common Core Standards that are met are as follows: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Visit Our Wise Guys Store
Visit Our Blog at Wise Guys Teaching Resources


Biosorption of Fluoride from Synthetic and Ground Water Using Chlorella vulgaris Immobilized in Calcium Alginate Beads in an Upflow Packed Bed Column
The potential of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris to remove fluoride from synthetic and real ground water samples in a fixed bed was investigated. The effect of important kinetic parameters including column bed height, feed flow rate and influent fluoride concentration of solution on fluoride removal was studied. Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and BDST models were used to analyze the experimental data and understand the influence on biosorption performance. The models’ predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data for all the process parameters studied, indicating that the models were suitable for fixed-bed column design. Fluoride adsorption was reversible. Desorption of fluoride ions was accomplished by pumping 0.1 N HCl solution. The reusability of adsorbent was studied by subjecting column to repeated cycles of fluoride adsorption and desorption. The suitability of immobilized C. vulgaris adsorbent for fluoride removal from ground water samples of Pavagada taluk, Tumakuru district was studied in the packed column.


Judaism: attitudes towards fighting and warfare
Most religions offer teaching on war and conflict. And over time religion has been at the heart of conflict between nations.
Jewish attitudes to war and peace are based on the teachings of the Jewish Scriptures.
In the Jewish Scriptures there are examples of wars. Some of these were Holy Wars where the Jews were trying to maintain their religion when other people wanted to make them worship false gods. Others were perhaps ‘Just Wars’ but it could be argued that some of them were wrong and unjustified.
Judaism teaches that there are three kinds of wars which must be fought:
Jewish people are required to protect themselves and others, and also to help other countries in order to prevent the spread of war.
Self-defence is also allowed:
If a person intends to kill you, be first to kill him.
Judaism says that wars must be fought properly and humanely:
If your foe is hungry, feed him bread; and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink.
The struggle for peace and justice is a very important Jewish teaching:
The world endures on three things – justice, truth and peace
Ethics of the Fathers 1:18
In G-d’s eyes the man stands high who makes peace between men… But he stands highest who establishes peace among the nations.
‘Shalom’ (peace) also means ‘hello’ and ‘goodbye’.
Judaism believes that most wars are wrong and that they must try for peace before fighting.
Turn from evil and do good, seek peace and pursue it.
So, although Judaism is not a purely pacifist [Pacifism: Opposition to war or violence as a means to settling disputes. ] religion, it does believe that peace is the highest good.


The latest Google Doodle marks the 194th birthday of Jean Bernard Léon Foucault, the French physicist and inventor of a pendulum that demonstrated the rotation of the earth.
While it had long been known that the Earth rotated, the introduction of the Foucault pendulum in 1851 was the first simple proof of the rotation in an easy-to-see experiment.
Foucault’s most famous pendulum consisted of a 28kg brass-coated lead bob on a 67-metre long wire hanging from the dome of the Panthéon in Paris. The plane of the pendulum’s swing rotated clockwise 11° per hour, making a full circle in 32.7 hours.
Today, Foucault pendulums are popular displays in science museums and universities. The United Nations headquarters in New York City has one, while the largest Foucault pendulum in the world, Principia, is housed at the Oregon Convention Center.
Foucault is also credited with making an early measurement of the speed of light and with the discovery of eddy currents: electric currents induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, which are sometimes called Foucault currents.
The son of a publisher, Foucault was born in Paris in 1819, where he initially studied medicine but soon switched to physics due to a fear of blood.


National Academy of Sciences
- About The NAS
- Activities & Programs
- News & Social Media
The National Academy of Sciences charter commits the Academy to provide scientific advice to the government “whenever called upon” by any government department. The Academy receives no compensation from the government for its services.
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a private, non-profit society of distinguished scholars. Established by an Act of Congress, signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, the NAS is charged with providing independent, objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology. Scientists are elected by their peers to membership in the NAS for outstanding contributions to research. The NAS is committed to furthering science in America, and its members are active contributors to the international scientific community. Nearly 500 members of the NAS have won Nobel Prizes, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, founded in 1914, is today one of the premier international journals publishing the results of original research.
The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM, formerly the Institute of Medicine) -- were founded under the NAS charter in 1964 and 1970, respectively. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. The National Academies' service to government has become so essential that Congress and the White House have issued legislation and executive orders over the years that reaffirm its unique role.


Flash Cards: Flash cards are one of the best ways to memorize information. They are used to learn different things irrespective of the language. The most common way of using them is by creating index cards. These cards are used across the globe to teach students simple and important things, which enable them to memorize those things for longer time. Especially in case of kids in nurseries and lower primary schools, as they get easily confused with different things, these flash cards are of much use. They feel fun in using these cards and they can learn effectively.
Spanish – English Flash Cards: Flash cards are nothing but business card sized cards, on which a question is written on one side and it is answered on the other side. While learning Spanish, these cards are used to increase the vocabulary. On one side of the card, an English word of phrase is written along with its picture, and the other side gives the Spanish translation for that word or phrase. These cards often come in sets with the highest number of set including 100- flash cards.
Great help to learn Spanish: Like all other languages the Spanish vocabulary is also huge and it is often difficult to remember the words. Learning through flash cards in an unique experience which enable us to remember the things easily. This can be played as a game in groups or we can do it ourselves even though no one is around us. As mentioned earlier, these Flash cards have a English word or phrase on one side and its English equivalent on the other side. All we need to do is to place the cards on a surface with their tops showing English and pick one card from the deck of cards. Look at the English word and try to tell it in Spanish, once you are ready with the answer, turn the card to find whether your answer matches with the Spanish word on the other side of the card. Repeat the process and try to answer as many as you can, since the answer is readily available you are able to correct your mistakes as well as learn the things which you don’t know.


Civil Service Retirement System - CSRS
DEFINITION of 'Civil Service Retirement System - CSRS'
A system that provided the retirement, disability and survivor benefits for most U.S. civilian service employees working for the federal government. It was replaced in 1987 by the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS), but employees who were originally set up through the CSRS still receive their benefits through that program, unless they were hired after 1983.
BREAKING DOWN 'Civil Service Retirement System - CSRS'
CSRS was created in 1920, and at that time possessed most of the features of traditional pension plans. Today, FERS also incorporates social security benefits, government contributions and employee contributions.


Children taste different flavors in foods than adults do and according to an expert at Baylor College of Medicine, exposing children to various foods early and often will help them develop a taste for different foods.
“Children have sensitive taste buds,” said Roberta Anding, registered dietitian with BCM. “Certain foods may have a stronger taste for them than they do for adults.”
Anding offers the following tips:
- It can take 10 to 15 food exposures for the child to like the food.
- Don’t force or cajole the child to eat – it may make them less likely to try the food again.
- Ask they at least take one bite of the food.
- Try introducing the food again when the child is hungry.
- 80 percent of taste is smell – try introducing raw vegetables rather than cooked since they have less strong of a smell.
- Don’t hide vegetables and fruits under sauces and toppings, most of which are unhealthy.
- Don’t reward children with food – it elevates the status of food and makes certain foods or treats more valuable.
- Set an example as a parent – if you cringe at the sight of a certain food, they will too
Take a look at our low-calorie, refreshing treats for the summer and let us know – what are your favorite kid-friendly, healthy recipes?


It is possible to directly generate electricity using bacteria while accomplishing wastewater treatment in processes based on microbial fuel cell technologies. When bacteria oxidize a substrate, they remove electrons. Current generation is made possible by keeping bacteria separated from oxygen, but allowing the bacteria growing on an anode to transfer electrons to the counter electrode (cathode) that is exposed to air. In this paper, several advances are discussed in this technology, and a calculation is made on the potential for electricity recovery. Assuming a town of 100,000 people generate 16.4 × 106 L of wastewater, a wastewater treatment plant has the potential to become a 2.3 MW power plant if all the energy is recovered as electricity. So far, power densities are low, resulting in power generation rates of ∼ 150 kW/m2. Progress is being made that we believe may result in as much as 0.5 MW from wastewater treatment. The generation of electricity during wastewater treatment may profoundly affect the approach to anaerobic treatment technologies used in wastewater treatment.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Water Science and Technology


A new study has uncovered an unprecedented example of horizontal gene transfer — the acquisition of foreign DNA from different, unrelated species — in a South Pacific shrub that is considered to be the sole survivor of one of the two oldest lineages of flowering plants.
The research also shows, for the first time, that an organelle genome has captured an entire foreign genome, in this case, at least four of them. It is also the first description of a land plant acquiring genes from green algae.
The researchers are sure most of it is junk:
Remember when some claimed that horizontal gene transfer was a minor — exceedingly minor — player in evolution, rarely happened, compared to the supposed creative power of natural selection acting on isolated random mutations (Darwinism)?
We agree that Darwinism makes better Christmas decorations.


Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial.
backup typesThere are two categories of backup: system backup and file backup. System backup copies everything verbatim on the hard drive onto an external storage medium, including the operating system, applications and data. If the drive fails, the computer can be restored to its former state.
File backup copies only data files onto an external storage medium. If the drive fails, the OS and applications have to be re-installed. Following are the various types.
Full and Differential Backups
A full backup copies all selected files. A differential backup copies only files that have changed since the last backup.
Incremental and Delta Backups
When each revision of a file must be maintained, an incremental backup appends selected files to the backup medium and does not replace existing backup files. A delta backup is similar to an incremental backup but copies only the changed data within the selected file, not the entire file (it backs up the differences). See deduplication, backup software and cloning software.
Copyright © 1981-2019 by The Computer Language Company Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher.


Use the exponential growth model #P(t) = P_0e^(kt)#. The half-life of thorium-229 is 7,340 years. How long will it take for a sample of this substance to decay to 20% of its original amount?
We first find the original amt. of thorium-229, i.e., its amt.
We are given that, its, Half-life is
Using this data in
What we require, now, is time
Thus, it will take (approx.)
20% of its original amt.


During the Industrial revolution different types of transportation developed and a traditional streetscape formed. It was chaotic because there was no rules of where which type of transport should go etc.
In the 20th Century urbanism traffic was organized in to some sort of layers but soon enough a more structured manner was needed.
The public was separated into dedicated zones for different modes of transport and that type of zones are still used in our contemporary world and it works effectively and makes everything faster.
Transport started developing in the 18th century. The middle of the 18th century the first horse-drive railways were build. In 1803 the first locomotive was up and running. Steamships and steam locomotives gave a boost to industrialization. The first railway line was built in 1825. Never was it enough and the search to a faster and greater way of transportation went on. In 1859 the first gas engine was built and not long after that in 1885 the four stroke motor was put into motion. From there on it evolved into bigger and better cars. Cars with features that makes life extremely easy but more so made communication easier because it was faster and more reliable.
Earlier communication depended on transportation. It started with letter that were hand written and travelled to the receiver, this took more than weeks and then the receiver still had to reply by letter and so it went on. By the development of transportation the postal system became more effective and expanded rapidly.
Developments did not end there; this is just a broad overview on how communication is reliable of transportation. Every day somebody is experimenting with something faster something more reliable and something to make life easier for all of us.


Have you heard about this? Infestation of worms in the digestive system is common throughout the world, particularly in young children. Worms can sometimes be seen around the anus or in the feces, and they inflame the area of the bowel or rectum where they attach themselves. The most common worms in humans in the United States are pinworms. Other type of worms occurs, too, such as hookworms in tropical countries.
Intestinal worms present many symptoms such as diarrhea, bad breath, dark circles under the eyes, restlessness at night, anemia, and itching around the anus.
There are many natural ways to treat this situation depending on the type of worm such as:
• Rescue Remedy is good for discomfort or distress. Rub into the pulse points, around the anus to relieve itching. Crab Apple is excellent if you feel unclean or polluted.
• Rub a drop each of eucalyptus, lavender, and tea tree oil into a bland ointment, such as petroleum jelly or chickweed. Rub around the anus to prevent itching and to prevent eggs from being laid. This is particularly helpful at night.
• A teaspoon each of cayenne pepper and senna can be combined in a cup of yogurt with live cultures and taken by teaspoon before meals. The former stuns the worms and the latter encourages their explosion.
• Wormwood tea will stun the worms, but should only be taken under the supervision of a registered herbalist.
• Garlic is toxic to worms. Crush and add it to a tablespoon of honey and take before meals, followed by a tincture of laxative herbs, such as licorice and dandelion root to aid expulsion.
Conventional treatment is always necessary for any tapeworm infestations. Call your doctor if treatment is not effective after two courses, or if you begin to lose weight.


Douglas Englebart, the pioneering computer engineer best known for inventing the mouse, has died at age 88.
As well as inventing the mouse Englebart also paved the way for video conferencing, hyperlinks, text editing and more.
Many of these technologies were wrapped up in a system called NLS that he and his colleagues at the Stanford Augmentation Research Center created during the sixties, and which was famously demonstrated on 19th December 1968.
This presentation, which came to be known colloquially as 'the mother of all demos', showcased a revolutionary computer system that for the first time used a mouse and keyboard to control a WYSIWYG editor that included hyperlinks and combined both text and graphics. And to top it all off the presentation itself was achieved via some of the earliest examples of video conferencing.
"We weren’t interested in ‘automation’ but in ‘augmentation,’" Engelbart would say later. "We were not just building a tool, we were designing an entire system for working with knowledge."
Englebart never received any money for inventing the mouse, with the Stanford Research Institute patenting the invention. According to Englebart "they really had no idea of its value. Some years later it was learned that they had licensed it to Apple Computer for something like $40,000"
Not long after this famous presentation he found himself a victim of government cuts as the military funding that had allowed for his research dried up. While many colleagues left to join the likes of Xerox PARC, Englebart stuck with NLS, which was sold to a company called Tymshare (later bought by McDonnell Douglas), but was never able to secure sufficient backing to take it to the next level. Englebart eventually retired in 1986.
Engelbart leaves behind his second wife, Karen O'Leary Engelbart (his first wife, Ballard, died in 1997), four children and nine grandchildren.


Most people enjoy alcohol responsibly, but alcohol related health problems are on the increase in Lanarkshire and throughout Scotland.
A few small changes to your drinking habits, however, can have really big benefits. A few small changes to your drinking habits, however, can have really big benefits.
- Have some food before you drink
- Drink water or soft drinks between alcoholic drinks to dilute the alcohol
- For a change - go for a smaller glass or try a lower alcohol beer
- Change your drink. Make spirits into long drinks by topping up with more mixer, add soda water to white wine, or choose shandy rather than beer
- Watch out for larger measures at home or at a party compared with standard pub measures
- Know how to refuse a drink. You do not have to take one just because it is offered or take part in rounds you do not want. Similarly, do not pressure others into drinking
- Darker drinks like red wine, brandy and whisky give worse hangovers because of higher concentrations of chemicals called congeners
- Avoid top-ups so you can keep track of how much you are drinking
- Remember nights out do not have to be in the pub why not try other activities such as the cinema or theatre instead
- Learn the strengths of your drinks so you can stick to your own limits, bearing in mind the safe limits are two to three units per day for women and three to four units per day for men (but not every day)
- To get a better idea of what you are drinking, keep a drinking diary
- Choose at least two alcohol free days per week
- Get more out of your weekend by making sure you drink responsibly – hangovers stop you living life to the full


JEAN, TEXAS. Jean, at the intersection of State Highway 114 and Farm Road 1769, in north central Young County, was settled in 1875 by rancher S. B. Lamar, who built a schoolhouse and a store there. His son, James Lamar, became the first postmaster and named the settlement after his sweetheart. Jean was moved one mile to the Gulf, Texas and Western Railroad when the line was built through the area in 1903. R. F. Willis donated land for the new townsite and gave the Trinity Townsite Company alternate blocks. G. G. Cantrill built a store that was also used for the railroad station. By 1940 Jean had 300 inhabitants and five stores. In 1980 and 1990 the population was estimated as ninety-one. The population grew to 110 in 2000.
Image Use Disclaimer
All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 related to Copyright and “Fair Use” for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law.
For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, William R. Hunt, "Jean, TX," accessed May 01, 2016, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hnj05.
Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
Get Texas history every day,
with day by day
Each day's email tells a little bit more of the story of Texas and links to our collection of more than 27,000 articles


The other day you had seen some small children begging at a traffic light signal. Write an article on ‘Child Labour’ for your school magazine.
One of the greatest curses that still plagues our world is child labour, where children below the age of 14 years are forced to work.
This social evil is rampant in India, where a great number of children can be seen working at roadside stalls or ‘dhabas’ or in brick mills, glass factories, firecracker factories, etc.
When one looks towards the causes behind this practice, one finds that child labour is prevalent due to poverty, illiteracy, and the lack of urge to do better, etc. These poor children work as bonded labourers on a paltry wages. They rarely have sufficient food or clothing. Not only that, they are also ill-treated. There is no one who listens to them or cares for their woes.
What people don’t realize is that this has become a vicious circle. These children when grow up still remain backward, poor and illiterate. Their children go through the same horrible existence. The Government should take active measures and provide opportunities to these children so that they may improve themselves. Schemes should be implemented to provide them with a better future and this in turn will contribute towards the development of the nation.
This awareness will definitely help to improve the status of the nation.


: पंचायत समिति) is a local government body at the tehsil
level in India
. It works for the villages of the Tehsil or Taluka that together are called a Development Block
. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat
and the district administration. There are a number of variations of this institution in various states. It is known as Mandal Praja Parishad
in Andhra Pradesh
, Taluka panchayat
, Mandal Panchayat
It is composed of ex-officio members (all sarpanchas
of the panchayat samiti area, the MPs and MLAs of the area, and the SDO of the subdivision), co-opted members (representatives of SC/ST and women), associate members (a farmer of the area, a representative of the cooperative societies, and one of the marketing services), and some elected members.
The samiti is elected for five years and is headed by the chairman and the deputy chairman.
The common departments in the Samiti are:
- General administration
- Public works
- Social welfare
- Information Technology
There is an officer for every department. A government appointed block development officer is the executive officer to the samiti and the chief of its administration.
- Implement schemes for the development of agriculture.
- Establishment of Primary Health Centres and primary schools.
- Supply of drinking water, drainage, construction/repair of......


On a clear night, away from city lights, you can look up into a sky sprinkled with 2,500 stars. Since two or three stars can appear as one, there are likely even more. Beyond the naked eye, scientists estimate our galaxy contains 100 billion stars. Our Milky Way Galaxy is only one of billions of galaxies. Is the number of stars getting astronomical yet?
Now think of the speed of all those stars and galaxies. Our planet rotates at the equator at 1,040 miles per hour and orbits the sun at 67,062 miles per hour. Stars like the sun travel at 43,500 miles per hour, while the entire solar system orbits around the Milky Way at 514,495 miles per hour and the Milky Way rotates at 600,000 miles per hour.
All of the rotating and orbiting goes on simultaneously through all the galaxies. Think of all that synchronized motion. How can there not be a God?
A God that big has the power and, most importantly, the love to help each of us in our own daily challenges. When we feel overwhelmed, all we have to do is look up and know that the same God who made the stars is right here with us. Trusting God is the key that frees us to live with peace and hope.
What do you think or feel when you gaze up at God’s sparkling display?
(Star facts taken from Science Illustrated, July/August 2011, p. 58-59)


February 25, 1870
First Black U.S. Senator Is Sworn In
Posted Feb 1, 2008 10:58 AM CST
By George Hodak
Hiram R. Revels was born a free man in 1827 in Fayetteville, N.C. An ordained minister, he attended Knox College in Illinois before settling in Baltimore, where he worked as a pastor and school principal.
During the Civil War, Revels helped form two black Union regiments in Maryland. At war’s end, he moved to Natchez, Miss., and, with the onset of Reconstruction, became an alderman and state senator.
In 1870, Revels was elected to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated nine years earlier by Confederate leader Jefferson B. Davis. Sixteen blacks, including one other senator from Mississippi, Blanche K. Bruce, served in Congress during Reconstruction.
Black participation in post-bellum Southern politics all but ended after 1877, when Republicans relinquished control of the region to ensure Rutherford B. Hayes’ election as president. Not until 1966 would another black, Massachusetts Republican Edward W. Brooke III, be elected to the Senate.


problem 1: Why is it those two identical plants (grown from clippings of similar plant) might grow up to look completely different?
problem 2: Any growth pattern in plants is termed to as a __________.
problem 3: Do plants in the tropical rain forest need very much abscisic acid? Why?
problem 4: Long exposure to 2-4D has been exhibited to produce cancerous tumors in humans, why might this occur? (It is after all a plant hormone)
problem 5: Name the hormone which is included in the ripening of fruit.
problem 6: Deep within the stem of a plant are tubes which transport water they are called the _____________.
problem 7: A pea plant is growing up a fence by using vines which are stimulated by touch, this is called ______________.
problem 8: A bristlecone pine is the oldest tree in the world at 5000 years. It can get this old as it always makes new cells by using what hormone?
problem 9: The _________ layer of the leaf is responsible for the Photosynthesis.
problem 10: The __________ is a layer of wax secreted by a plant to prevent the water loss.


Text from Catholic Online [annotations by Matthaeus]:
"The 25th child of a wool dyer in northern Italy [good, large Catholic family], St. Catherine started having mystical experiences when she was only 6, seeing guardian angels [how often we forget about our guardian angel] as clearly as the people they protected. She became a Dominican tertiary when she was 16, and continued to have visions of Christ, Mary, and the saints. St. Catherine was one of the most brilliant theological minds of her day, although she never had any formal education [She is one of the four female Doctors of the Church, along with Ss.Teresa of Avila. Therese of Lisieux and Hildegard of Bingen]. She persuaded the Pope to go back to Rome from Avignon, in 1377, and when she died she was endeavoring to heal the Great Western Schism. In 1375 Our Lord give her the Stigmata, which was visible only after her death. Her spiritual director was Blessed Raymond of Capua. St, Catherine's letters, and a treatise called "a dialogue" are considered among the most brilliant writings in the history of the Catholic Church. She died when she was only 33, and her body was found incorrupt in 1430. "
Along with St. Francis of Assisi, she is co-patron of Italy, and on 1 October 1999 St. John Paul II named her as a one of the six patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia, Saints Cyril and Methodius, Bridget of Sweden and Teresa Benedicta (Edith Stein). She is also invoked for the prevention of fires.
Ora pro nobis.


Bunker Ponds Park
Hylan Blvd., Chester Ave., Arbutus Ave., Huguenot Ave.
Directions via Google Maps
At various times over the past million years, global cooling allowed massive glaciers to form over much of the northern United States. These ice sheets surged southward from Hudson Bay in Canada, collecting boulders, cobbles, gravel, and soil on the way. As temperatures began to rise 12,000 years ago, the last glacier receded from Staten Island. As the ice melted, the debris was deposited throughout the landscape. This process created the rolling landscape that is characteristic of Staten Island today. The kettle pond in this park was created as the glacier dragged debris across the ground and thereby dug out a hole. As glacial ice melted, runoff filled the newly formed hole with water, making a pond.


Activities related to civil engineering include general functions such as canals, roads, bridges, dams, airports, pipelines, sewerage techniques, along with railways and structural components of a building.
What should you have to develop into a civil engineer?
You’ll find many measures to choose to turn into a civil scientist –the first has become a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering. Don’t forget to tackle an internship in the area together with deciding on an field of specialty. Becoming an engineer demands the passing of their essential tests to acquire certificate. From there, look for an entry job and begin your job as a civil engineer.
Which are the utilization of civil engineering in daily life?
You will find several matters civil engineers perform this as playing a major role in preparation , designing, and building several constructions utilised inside daily to day lives. For instance, with the help with this kind of engineer, we now enjoy services like transport technology, hydrology, surveying, and mapping– both environmental and structural engineering and seismology. 83kmi1urun.


"This is not fair!" said the Russian after looking at a map when they realized that they were not at the state fair.
I don't remember precisely how the joke goes, but it goes something like the above. I was thinking that the reason why the joke works is that, in Russian, one can distinguish between nouns and predicative adjectives, even though no articles are used, because the two are declined differently.
Это -- не честнo!
Это -- не ярмарка!
In contrast, when one translates the above two sentences into English, one relies on the presence of an article to tip-off clearly whether the predicate is a noun or a (predicative) adjective.
Does the fact that both nouns and adjectives are highly declined in Russian, and moreover declined differently from one another, enable Russian speakers to get by without articles?
EDIT: Looking at the comments and answers to this question, it appears more likely that Russian does not have articles because of the declension of nouns. Of course, technically speaking there is no evidence for "why" articles are or aren't in any given language -- the comments however do note an apparent correlation between the declension of nouns and the absence of articles, as well as between undeclined nouns and the presence of articles, in several branches of Indo-European languages. Still, we are talking about a sample size of at most n=4-7, so nothing definitive.


Pristatymas po 2019-06-19
Dėmesio: Paskutinė prekė atsargose!
Prekės papildymas po:
Career Paths English: Nursing is a new educational resource for nursing professionals. Reviewed by licensed nurses, it incorporates career-specific vocabulary and contexts into lessons that build professionals´ workplace English skills. Each unit offers step-by-step instruction that immerses students in four language components: reading, listening, speaking and writing. Career Paths English: Nursing addresses topics including hospital departments, basic equipment, specific illnesses, nursing duties and career options. The series is organized into three levels of difficulty and offers over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases. Every unit includes a test of reading comprehension, vocabulary, and listening skills, and leads students through written and oral production. Included Features A variety of realistic reading passages Career-specific dialogues 45 reading and listening comprehension checks Over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases Guided speaking and writing exercises Complete glossary of terms and phrases The Teacher´s book contains a full answer key and audio scripts. The audio CDs contain all recorded material in American English and British English. Books 1-3 of Career Paths English: Nursing are rated for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages at A1, A2 and B1 respectively.
|Leidimo metai||Express publishing|
|Sudėtingumas||A1-B1 Elemetary to Intermediate|


In which Scrabble dictionary does PARASHAHS exist?
Definitions of PARASHAHS in dictionaries:
- noun -
a portion of the Torah read on the Sabbath
There are 9 letters in PARASHAHS:
A A A H H P R S S
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word PARASHAHS plus a
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word PARASHAHS
9 letter words
8 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for PARASHAHSLoading...
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


LAND AND CLIMATE
Land Area & Location
Aurora Province has a total land area of 323,954 hectares, representing about one percent of the country's total land area.
Aurora Province is located on the East-Central side of Luzon Island. It is the north-eastern most province of Central Luzon (Region III). It is bordered on the north by the provinces of Isabela and Qurino, on the west by Nueva Ecija and Nueva Viscaya, on the south by Bulacan and Quezon, and on the east by the Pacific Ocean. The province's main link to the rest of Luzon is through a narrow mountain gravel road that twists through the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. The road is located between Baler and Bongabon, Nueva Ecija.
The province of Aurora covers the eastern portion of the Sierra Madre Mountains, hence it is generally mountainous. There are flat lands unevenly distributed throughout the province. Its coastline spans 332 kilometers in length. The municipality of Dingalan, in the south, has the most irregular topography.
The main drainage systems of Aurora consist of six rivers:
- Aguang River, Baler
- Calabgan River, Casiguran
- Ditale River, Dipaculao
- Dibatuan River, Dipaculao
- Ibuna River, Dingalan
- Sinagnuan River, Dingalan


From the BBC:
The wreck of the ship that carried Captain Robert Scott on his doomed expedition to the Antarctic a century ago has been discovered off Greenland.
The SS Terra Nova was found by a team from a US research company.
Scott and his party set off from Cardiff aboard the Terra Nova in 1910 with the aim of becoming the first expedition to reach the South Pole.
The ship had a life after the polar trek, sinking off Greenland’s south coast in 1943.
It had been on a journey to deliver supplies to base stations in the Arctic when it was damaged by ice. The Terra Nova‘s crew was saved by the US Coast Guard cutter Southwind.
Read the rest of the story on the BBC’s website.


Western Michigan students create concussion-detecting helmet sensor
A group of students at Western Michigan University has developed a helmet that detects when a football player has suffered a concussion.
The technology uses a sensor to transmit information from a collision to the sideline. From MLive.com's report:
[Ali] Eshkeiti and other student engineers designed a pressure sensor for helmets using printed electronics. Data from the sensor can be relayed over Bluetooth to a smartphone, so that a coach or other team leader would instantly know the severity of an impact.The data also could be stored on a cloud-based server, so doctors and trainers could see a player's complete history.
The product seeks to mitigate the possibility of misjudgement by coaches and doctors, particularly because the onus is often on players to self-report concussions.
This year, a number of college football teams will be using Riddell SpeedFlex helmets, which are designed to lessen the impact of concussions.
- Josh Sanchez


The antioxidant selenium offers no protection against cardiovascular disease, according to new research.
Although selenium has been widely documented as being an antioxidant with chemopreventive properties, a new study by researchers at the University of Buffalo has shown otherwise.
The study analysed a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial covering a 13-year period and examined the benefits of selenium supplementation alone in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Tests focused on 1,004 participants and were conducted between 1983 and 1996. Participants had to take daily tablets of selenium or were assigned a placebo with researchers monitoring the outcome.
Saverio Strangers, primary author of the study, explained the significance of the results.
He said: "Our results extend previous research based on smaller intervention trials focusing on cardiovascular risk factors.
"Our findings are consistent with those from previous studies that show no beneficial effect of selenium supplementation in combination with other antioxidants on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease."


Region Skåne writes in a press release that the trace was started in accordance with the procedures.
This means that health care is trying to determine how infected suffered.
– Contact tracing is done in an attempt to identify the person was infected, and who might have been inclined or exposed to infection, says Birgitta Holmgren, assistant health workers in infectious Skåne.
An unusually large spread
While some people suffer from measles infection and bring to Sweden, rare that the disease has spread.
According to statistics, Region Skåne hit a three-person infection in the past year.
– Measles is very rare indeed, it does not circulate in Sweden normally. Most often, it was a hit abroad and return home, and in some cases can be further spread by several people. But the likelihood that will be distributed in Sweden is low, says Birgitta Holmgren.
Mainly because of the low risk of proliferation that we have a strong vaccination in Sweden, says Birgitta Holmgren.
– The best part of it is believed to have suffered, to contact 1177 or a medical center. Then you can get advice and evaluation of symptoms and where to seek help, she says.
Measles begins with fever, runny nose, eye irritation and dry cough. After a few days of & # 39 is a rash storfläckigt, which starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Do you feel, as a rule, thoroughly ill.
Most people in Sweden are immune to measles. He is insensitive or ill or spread the infection further. Anyone who has had measles or been vaccinated with two doses, a life-long protection. Measles vaccination with two doses are included in the childhood immunization program since 1982. The first dose is given at age 18 months.
Persons born in the 1960s and 1970s have different immunity. Some may have escaped the disease or have received only one dose of vaccine. Those born in 1981 or later, in most cases, have received two doses. People who were born before 1960 likely had the disease and are immune.
Source: Region Skåne


Read More: Grover Cleveland at Princeton University (PP158)
Grover Cleveland’s relationship with Princeton began in 1896, when he offered an address at the Sesquicentennial Celebration and subsequently made the acquaintance of Andrew Fleming West, later dean of the graduate school. Cleveland and his first wife liked Princeton so much that, at the close of his second term as president, they made their home on Hodge Road. Cleveland was soon elected as a trustee and remained active in University affairs until his death, advocating for the development of the graduate college and opposing Woodrow Wilson's quad plan. Cleveland is buried in Princeton cemetery, and his association with Princeton is commemorated by the Cleveland Tower of the Graduate College, a collegiate gothic tower designed by Ralph Adams Cram and erected in 1913.
Read More: Hawaii Restoration Day Ceremony (PP158)
Beginning in 2007, Hawaiian Restoration Day has remembered President Grover Cleveland’s support for the government of the Hawaiian Republic and his advocacy of Queen Lili'uokalani. When the Hawaiian queen was overthrown in 1893, President Cleveland denounced the coup d’état and supported the restoration of the queen as head of state of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Cleveland withdrew his opposition when it became clear that the overthrow was an indigenous affair. Nonetheless, each year in April, a delegation of Hawaiians from the Pacific Justice and Reconciliation Center in Honolulu comes to Princeton to pay tribute to the former president and his support of Hawaiian sovereign rights. They decorate his gravestone and the bust of Grover Cleveland in Cleveland Tower with beads, shells, and coins, as is Hawaiian custom.


Of Greek origin.
Russian form of the Greek name “Γαλήνη”, Galini, meaning “serenity”. Also a feminine form of the masculine name Galen.
Galen means “calm”.
From the Greek word “γαλήνη” (galíni), meaning “serenity”.
According to Greek mythology, Galíni, «Γαλήνη» in Greek, known as Galene, is the name of a Nereid. The Nereids were sea nymphs, female spirits of the sea who would help sailors.
Galíni was the Nereid of calm seas.
Other forms of the name are Galene, Galena, Gala.
Masculine forms of the name are Galen, Galenos.
Famous bearers are Galina Ulanova, Galina Likhachova, Galina Yershova, Galina Danilova, Galina Malchugina, Galina Andreevna Mishenina.
Galina Ulanova was a Russian ballet dancer. She was considered the greatest ballerina of her time and one of the greatest of the 20th century.
She was “prima ballerina assoluta” at the Bolshoi Theater for 16 years.


Evolutionary biologist susan Crockford of University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, hypothesized that changes in the thyroid hormones turned wolves into docile dogs.
... Crockford suggests the metamorphosis could have taken place over the span of a single human life -- between 20 and 40 years.
Crockford points to a 40-year experiment by geneticist Dmitry K. Belyaev and his Siberian research group at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, where silver foxes were selectively bred for gentleness.
As expected, each succeeding generation was more docile than the last.
What was not expected was that within 20 generations, changes in appearance emerged among the litters. Some pups displayed piebald markings, curled tails and drooping ears. Some also developed another distinctive dog behaviour: They barked.
http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/news/life/story.html?id=cf1a5ddc-9661-4d7b-98d4-a0821d96334c&k=2518 - via Scribal Terror


Today’s word of the day exercise is
This is an extremely useful word for IELTS people with a number of uses. It can be used as an alternative to steady when describing charts in academic task 1, it can also be used to describe relationships, situations and environments in task 2 essays. It also has a more technical use in medicine when patients are said to be in a stable condition.
Forms of the word
* Note on spelling. I spell the verb stabilise as is more conventional in British English. You can, however, use stabilize too. Just try to be consistent and spell it the same way throughout.
Using the word
in a stable condition: The patient is not out of danger but is now in a stable condition.
government/environment/community/society/political situation: One reason the economy in these countries suffers is the unstable political situation.
relationship: Most people would agree that children benefit from growing up in a stable environment.
fairly/more or less/relatively: After this dramatic fall his figure remained more or less stable at 8% for 2 years.
price/cost etc stabilise: The price then stabilised at 8% for two years.
at: The fertility rates then stabilised at 1.8 children per female.
to close the stable door after the horse has bolted: If you close the stable door after the horse has bolted (run away), you have done something too late or pointlessly.


Although most hearing loss can be managed with state-of-the-art hearing instruments, like modern hearing aids, there are a few simple steps you should take this fall to prevent further damage (or hearing impairment altogether)!
- Get a checkup! Remember, you should take your whole family in for a professional evaluation once a year. Even children should get their hearing tested, as hearing loss can certainly affect learning and development.
- Abstain from excessive noise exposure. A large percentage of adults have noise-induced hearing loss. When you can, reduce exposure to sounds above 85 decibels and wear earplugs. Protecting your ears at concerts, or even while you mow or blow leaves can really improve your hearing. Curb the use of your earphones and when you do listen to music remember: if the people around you can hear it, it’s too loud.
- Keep hearing aids in shape. If you don’t suffer from hearing loss yourself, help your loved ones keep their devices clean and up-to-date. Always keep extra batteries handy at home and in your car or purse.
- Keep work/school informed. Co-workers and teachers need to be aware of your or your loved one’s hearing impairment. If you have a child with hearing loss, teachers can be a crucial resource for them during the day. Classroom seating arrangements and closed captioning are only two of many supportive options. At the job, co-workers need to be aware of any hearing difficulties so that they may adjust communication guidelines, and prevent any misunderstandings.
- Recognize the signs. Ask the following questions: Do I often ask people to repeat themselves? Do I complain about noise or ear aches? Do I need to turn up the TV frequently? Do I have difficulty hearing phone conversations? If you answered yes to any of these questions, take charge of your hearing and get a check-up today!


Child Hunger Ends Here
Using Schools and Consumers to end Child Hunger Nationwide
More than one in five children nationwide don't always know where their next meal will come from, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food insecurity, which is defined as not having consistent access to food, is a reality in every county in America, and consumers are taking note. In fact, 72 percent of Americans agree that the child hunger problem is an issue that must be solved.1
That's why ConAgra Foods is expanding its Child Hunger Ends Here (CHEH) program to strengthen its fight against child hunger. "We're linking our brands to a cause our consumers really believe in," say Ann Rindone, director of integrated marketing for ConAgra Foods.
After a successful premier campaign last year in combating child hunger, CHEH has just delivered an annual plan and message to support its goal of donating 5 million meals to Feeding America this school year.
Retailers can help make a difference in their own communities - and maximize sales- by leveraging CHEH initiatives happening throughout the year:
• Sept. - Dec. 2011: Consumers can go to ChildHungerEndsHere.com to sign up their school to participate in a food drive benefitting local food banks, as well as UPC collection of ConAgra Foods products. For each UPC sent in, CHEH will donate one meal to Feeding America.
"Child hunger exists in every county across the nation, and the current state of the economy has heightened the need as well as the public's will to help fight child hunger," say Kori Reed, Vice President of foundation and cause. "Retailers can help shoppers nourish their own families while also extending a helping hand to children and families facing hunger."
1 Feeding America Brand Tracking Study, Wave 8.


When a speaker utters a word, the listener is tasked with matching that acoustic-phonetic input to a lexical item stored in memory. Given the size of the mental lexicon and the speed with which speech occurs, spoken word recognition is a remarkable feat of human cognition. Although models of spoken word recognition differ in the details of how it is achieved, there is general consensus about at least two features of the process: input simultaneously activates multiple lexical items in memory, and these items compete for recognition (see Weber & Scharenborg, 2012 for a recent review). This database contains multiple metrics for quantifying the process of lexical competition during auditory and visual (lipread) spoken word recognition.
For more information, see: Strand, J. (2013). Phi-square Lexical Competition Database (Phi-Lex): An online tool for quantifying auditory and visual lexical competition. Behavior Research Methods. doi 10.3758/s13428-013-0356-8
Enter the orthographic form of the word or words for which you wish to generate data. Multiple words may be entered at once, separated either by commas, spaces, or line breaks. Below, select the values you would like to generate, either by selecting individual measures (e.g., v_lec) or classes of measures (e.g., all visual categorical measures). The output will be displayed as a table below. Hover over each abbreviation to see its definition, or view the glossary.
For more information, contact, Julia Strand.


Catch Or Release?: How Anglers Make Their Choices
“Recreational” fishing is a major source of suffering in North America, Europe, and Australia. Indeed, the activity impacts fish communities throughout the world. Commonly, fishing or “angling” is regulated by setting a “creel” or “bag” limit. These limits set the number of fish per day that anglers are allowed to catch and/or keep. It’s difficult to estimate the different in suffering when it comes to catch-and-kill fishing or catch-and-release fishing. Both undoubtedly cause suffering.
The angler’s decision to keep or release a fish, therefore, could have major implications for fish welfare. The size of the fishes caught is one important factor, but the interplay between fish size and creel limit can make for a complicated dynamic. This study of a fishery in Nebraska looked at how a shift towards more restrictive creel limits could affect the size of fish that are killed. Also, “to determine what influence, if any, these more restrictive creel limits had on the anglers’ effective (i.e., self-imposed) limits.”
The study ran from 2010 to 2011 and involved interviews with anglers and surveys of their catch. There was “no clear evidence that more restrictive creel limits had an effect on the self-imposed length limits” of anglers. However, researchers say there is a point somewhere between “very restrictive” and “very liberal” creel limits. Overall, the authors emphasize that the setting and size of creel limits is a very important factor in how anglers set self-imposed limits. Understanding these limits “is needed to predict the influence that anglers have on fish communities.” For wildlife advocates, this study gives insight into how much creel limits – both government and self-imposed – affect fish populations.


Since last year's release of the documentary Gasland, which was nominated for an Academy Award last night, natural-gas proponents have refuted much of its content. Less than a month ago, Denver Post columnist Vincent Carroll defended the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission's "Gasland Correction Document," claiming hydraulic fracturing does not harm the state's groundwater. But don't tell that to the New York Times, whose hard-hitting investigation finds the gas-extraction process, better known as "fracking," to be quite dirty: A single well can create over one million gallons of wastewater laced with carcinogens like benzene and radioactive radium.
A confidential study by the drilling industry concludes radioactivity in drilling waste cannot be fully diluted in waterways, yet thousands of internal and state regulatory documents from the Environmental Protection Agency note that wastewater is not always hauled to appropriate sewage plants before being discharged into rivers that feed drinking-water supplies. Despite its knowledge of the health risks and recommendations by Colorado Congresswoman Diana DeGette, the EPA has not intervened.


Brown spider monkeys have long, lanky arms and a long, powerful tail. The tail is used as a fifth limb, helping the monkeys to grip branches and swing gracefully from tree to tree.
They are sociable primates spending time in groups. In the wild this tends to be between three and five, but can reach up to 100 in the same locality.
These monkeys are omnivores, feeding on a diet of nuts, fruits, leaves and spiders. In the wild, they forage for food on the forest floor and search high in the tree canopy.
The brown spider monkey lives high in the trees of Colombia’s tropical lowland forest. This is now the only place in the world that the brown spider monkey can be found in the wild.
Colombia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, second only to Brazil in the number of species.
The brown spider monkey is classified as Critically Endangered and considered to be one of the top 25 most endangered primates in the world. There are thought to be less than 3,000 left in the wild, due to their forest habitat being destroyed for cattle ranching, illegal mining and oil palm.
At Bristol Zoo we are helping to establish a self-sustaining reserve population of brown spider monkeys.
Brown spider monkeys are very charismatic with a strong personality. Our group consists of one male and two females, who are very curious and nosy, and who enjoy watching guests and other animals.
You can find our brown spider monkeys inside Monkey Jungle, next to The Hide Café Restaurant
Help us save endangered wildlife across the world.
A unique venue for every occasion.
Perfect for any animal lover or those friends & family who have everything.
Find out what's on when you visit and what events are coming up.
Sign up to our newsletter to recieve the latest zoo news.
Book online & save on your admission ticketsBuy Now
Book online & save on your admission tickets


Liquid water would be perhaps the strongest sign that a planet could support life, and super-Earth GJ 1214b might have it in spades. In fact, astronomers think the planet might be one giant, deep ocean. Though in this case, the ocean might be too warm for it to support life.
Besides potentially having a watery surface, the planet is interesting for another reason. GJ 1214b is located a relatively close 41 light-years from Earth and orbits its star in a way that affords us a better view [source: Keim]. Why is this important? Both of these conditions make GJ 1214b ideal for observation. As the precision of our instruments improve, we should be able to learn some incredible information about the planet's atmosphere and composition, and, by extension, the nature of other solar systems.


If you thought launching a drone from an aircraft carrier was impressive, you're going to be blown away by this: After six years of development, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has successfully launched a drone from a submerged submarine.
That's right. A submerged submarine. Submerged under the ocean. The picture above is real: a composite of time-lapse photos taken during the launch. You can see the wings swing out like a pair of scissors as the drone takes to the sky.
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory really outdid themselves this time. Their Experimental Fuel Cell (XFC) unmanned aerial system was just fired from the torpedo tube of the USS Providence. The so-called Sea Robin launch vehicle system then floated to the surface, where an all-electric, fuel cell-powered drone with foldable wings took to the sky where it performed an hour-long test flight before landing at the Naval Sea Systems Command Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. Pretty cool, huh?
Well, this is just the beginning. The XFC launch doesn't come as a huge surprise because we've known for a few months now that DARPA is working on a submarine "mothership" that can launch both unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles—all kinds of drones. Dubbed as the Hydra program, this initiative will enable sailors to send remotely piloted, and someday perhaps fully autonomous, craft into battle zones virtually undetected. It'll also scare the pants off of unsuspecting fishermen. [Naval Research Lab]


Largo Argentina in Rome was so far visible to people walking from the upper street level; however, it was impossible to approach closer and admire the ruins. Lack of free access to the square for people caused that homeless cats found here shelters and formed a substantial colony.
In recent days, the mayor of the city of Rome – Virginia Raggi – declared that until late 2021, additional sidewalks would be led through the square next to the ruins. In this way, tourists will be able to take a closer look at ancient monuments.
What’s important, so-called Largo Argentina is the place where are located remains of four Roman temples and a fragment of the portico of the Pompey Theater, where in the year 44 BCE the conspirators murdered Caesar.
IMPERIUM ROMANUM is in process of translation over 3300 Polish articles about history of ancient Rome. If you have the opportunity to financially support the further translations – even with smaller amount – I will be very grateful.