Genus Chamaecyparis is a genus of evergreen conifers in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia and to the western and eastern margins of the United States. They grow in cool temperate conifer forests, or in mixed conifer-broadleaf forest, from sea level to montane. The name is derived from the Greek khamai (χαμαί), meaning "on the earth", and kuparissos (κυπάρισσος) for cypress.
Details Hand grafted and propagated at Lime Cross Nursery, Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Pygmaea' is a flat-topped, broadly globose selection of Hinoki cypress with spreading branches, reddish brown stems, and fan-shaped sprays of bronze-green foliage than becomes noticeably darker in winter in colder climates.
Soil Type: Normal, heavy clay, light sandy, chalk, loam. Aspect: Full sun. Foliage Type: Evergreen. Foliage Colour: Green - bronze in the winter leaves/needles. Pot Size: 3 litre and 10 Litre. Ultimate Height: 2m. Ultimate Spread: 1m. Growth Rate: 20 - 50 years. Special Attributes: Makes a great accent plant for the garden landscape.


Special Pathogens Laboratory spoke to WTAE Investigative Reporter Paul Van Osdol about the importance of Legionella testing in empty or underused buildings.
Office buildings that have been mostly empty during the coronavirus pandemic are breeding grounds for the bacteria that causes Legionnaires’ disease, according to an expert on the disease.
Dr. Janet Stout, president of the Special Pathogens Laboratory in Pittsburgh, said water from cooling systems has been sitting idle inside office buildings.
“The bacteria are having a party in the pipes right now. Nothing is there that’s stopping them from growing. So that is creating a very dangerous situation,” Stout said.
Watch clip and read full article on WTAE website
Get tips on reopening and how to keep your underused buildings safe from Legionella!


To evaluate the photochromic performance of fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene in polymer matrices.
The fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene dye 2 doped in polymethylmethacrylate was prepared and the effects of UV irradiation were studied using spectrophotometer. The reversible reaction was effected using white light. The effect of heat was also determined.
A film of the brown coloured fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene doped in PMMA polymer was irradiated with ultraviolet light (365 nm), the film turned red. The later colour was partially switched back to the original brown colour when the film was irradiated with a white light. It was found that the rate constants of photocoloration reaction at initial stages are faster than those at late stages. Similarly, the photocoloration reaction was slower than the photobleaching reaction. Photocoloration reaction decreased with the increase of the annealing temperatures, but for photobleaching reaction, the rates were almost similar (at 46 and 82°C). The fatigue resistance of the film was greatly improved when the annealing temperature increased to 82°C.
The polymethylmethacrylate polymer doped photochromic fulgide 1‐E and ferrocene 2 described in the present paper was prepared and studied. The principle of study established can be applied to any type of polymer or to any type of photochromic compounds.
The photochromic materials developed can be used for different applications, such as coatings and holography.
The method developed may be used to enhance the performance of photochromic materials.
Baghaffar, G.A. and Asiri, A.M. (2008), "The effects of organic additives on photochromism. Part I: the photochromic performance of (E)‐dicyclopropylmethylene‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐furylethylidene)‐succinic anhydride and ferrocene containing dye doped in PMMA polymer film", Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420810870986
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited


It’s been another exciting year researching children’s health through the National Poll on Children’s Health! Each month, we’ve put together a report on some of the most important health issues facing kids today. From pain medications to whooping cough, we’ve learned a lot about attitudes, behaviors, and concerns around the health of kids in the U.S. Here’s a look back at a few of the most popular NPCH Reports of 2013.
Do you always follow advice from your child’s doctor? It turns out that about 1 in 10 parents only occasionally follow doctors’ orders for their children. These parents are most likely to follow advice about nutrition, going to the dentist, and using car seats/booster seats. They are least likely follow advice about discipline, putting their kids to sleep, and watching TV. Read the full report >>
When it comes to sick kids, parents want to do whatever they can to make them feel better. But some popular treatments aren’t safe for young kids. Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines have warning labels that say they shouldn’t be given to children under age four, but 4 in 10 parents report giving cough medicine or multi-symptom cough and cold medicine to their kids who are younger than four years old. Read the full report >>
Stimulant medications like Adderall, Concerta, and Ritalin are often prescribed to treat ADHD. But sometimes students without ADHD take someone else’s prescription medication to try to stay awake or improve their performance on tests or assignments. We asked parents in the National Poll on Children’s Health about their awareness of these “study drugs”. Only 1 in 100 parents believe their teens have used “study drugs”, although in recent studies 1 in 10 10th-graders and 1 in 8 12th-graders say they’ve used these drugs. Read the full report >>
Come back later this week for a look back at more of the top 2013 reports! You can view all of the 2013 NPCH Reports online. What children’s health topics should we cover in 2014?


AP Photo/Anupam Nath
Officials in India recently made the decision to move all elephants currently living in Indian zoos and circuses to protected wildlife parks. The decision came after complaints from animal activists about the elephants’ confined living conditions, as well as increasing evidence about the shortened lifespan of elephants living in captivity. In the wildlife parks, the elephants would have a larger space to roam.
For more info, see: AP.


On Sept. 25, 1690 Publick Occurrences, one of the earliest American newspapers, published its first, and last, edition in Boston.
In 1775 American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen was captured by the British as he led an attack on Montreal. (He would be released in 1778.)
In 1890 Mormon President Wilford Woodruff issued a manifesto renouncing polygamy.
In 1912 Ford Motor Co. established an eight-hour workday and five-day workweek.
In 1957, with 300 Army soldiers standing guard because of unruly crowds, nine black students were escorted to their classes in Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas.
In 1973 Skylab 2 and its three-man crew splashed down in the Pacific Ocean after a record 59 days in orbit.
In 1978 a Pacific Southwest jetliner and a private plane collided over San Diego, killing 144 people.
In 1980 tentative agreement on a contract was reached on the 67th day of an actors' strike that delayed the start of the fall television season.
In 1993 three U.S. soldiers in Somalia were killed when their helicopter was downed by a rocket-propelled grenade.
In 1996 seven people died as Israeli troops clashed with Palestinians angered by Israel's decision to open an archeological tunnel near Jerusalem's Al Aqsa Mosque compound.
In 1998 the death toll from Hurricane Georges, after a four-day rampage through the Caribbean, rose to 400. More than half the deaths and much of the billion dollars in destruction were in the Dominican Republic.


Testing | Verifying | Improving
Often times, people order BRM’s and simply request it to have a certain blast rating. That rating can be determined by engineering calculations on the exterior structural envelope of the building. However, HMB has taken this an added step to not only “verify” that the external structure comports to its blast rating but also verifies that its construction methodologies actually do protect lives.
The exterior structures were identical but the interior framing systems were different. Baker Risk designed one and the other was HMB’s design. Both buildings were fully outfitted with computers, wall mounted cabinets, microwave, refrigerator, dishes, etc. and had censored test dummies that provided a wealth of data. This test proved that no two buildings are created equal and that there are factors other than the structural envelop that need to be considered when saving lives.


Insights into cyanobacterial fossilization in Ediacaran siliciclastic environments
Newman et al
Ediacaran sedimentary successions are noted for the preservation of microbes and microbial textures on the surfaces of sandstones and siltstones. Although microorganisms have been preserved in coarse-grained siliciclastic sand throughout geologic history, the exceptional preservation of microbes in Ediacaran sediments suggests the potential for a unique taphonomic window. Here, we identify conditions conducive to the fossilization of filamentous cyanobacteria growing in the presence of siliciclastic sand and demonstrate that the sheaths of filamentous cyanobacteria can become coated by clay minerals within days under oxic conditions. Smooth, extensive mineral coatings develop in the presence of 5.6 to 55.6 mg/L of suspended clay and 0.1 mM or greater concentrations of dissolved silica. Thus, elevated concentrations of seawater silica and the delivery of suspended clays promote microbial preservation on sandy and silty surfaces. These factors likely facilitated microbial fossilization in coarse-grained siliciclastic sand throughout the Ediacaran Period and may have also contributed to microbial fossilization in siliciclastic deposits at other times throughout Earth’s history.


“The difficulty really comes in that once adolescents are obese, they more than likely will remain obese into and through their adulthood. There is no easy fix. It takes time, hard work and a drive to change habits that have been established for a long time,” said Garry Sigman, MD, a pediatrician and obesity expert at Loyola University Health System and associate professor of pediatrics at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.
The physical implications of obesity are vast and dangerous. It is a major risk factor for numerous health problems, including cardiovascular disease, skin problems, orthopaedic abnormalities, diabetes and cancer. Just as scary are the psychological and emotional impact obesity will have on children and adolescents.
“Obesity in children can lead to a feeling of inadequacy and isolation. Even as young as 5 years old, children can be stigmatized by their peers. This can result in depression or suicidal ideation, especially among adolescent girls. Since food can be comforting, the child may turn to or may already have turned to food to feel better. This is a very circular problem and so when dealing with obesity the whole child – mind, body and soul – needs to be addressed as well as the environment,” Sigman said.


Marichamy, R and Rajapackiam, S (2001) The aquaculture of Scylla species in India. Asian Fisheries Science, 14. pp. 231-238.
Among Portunid crabs, Scylla species are commercially important in aquaculture, capture fisheries and trade, and have created wide interest and high preference in India. Part of the 70,000 ha of brackishwater ponds developed for aquaculture in the southern states of Peninsular India is suitable for conversion to crab farming. Crab culture technology developed in the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has recently led to increasing interest in crab farming. Surveys have been conducted to identify resource grounds and seasons for collection of wild seeds. However the inadequate supply of seedstock is a limiting factor in promoting the expansion of the industry. Environmental manipulation strategies have been developed to maintain broodstock and produce gravid females. Further refinements of hatchery technology could meet the demands for seed supply and promote culture activities. Crab production ranged from 1,500 to 2,500 kg•ha-1•crop-1 using different culture methods. Based on the economics of different culture methods, fattening is more remunerative than monoculture and polyculture. Post-harvesting techniques and marketing aspects are discussed. Management measures are highlighted to promote conservation of stock for sustainable yield.
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Aquaculture; Scylla; India; Crab|
Crustacean Fisheries > Crabs
|Divisions:||CMFRI-Cochin > Marine Capture > Crustacean Fisheries
Subject Areas > CMFRI Brochures > CMFRI-Cochin > Marine Capture > Crustacean Fisheries
|Depositing User:||Arun Surendran|
|Date Deposited:||26 Oct 2010 10:19|
|Last Modified:||09 Sep 2015 15:33|
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Decoded: Freemasonry’s Illustrated Rulebooks
February 8 - June 29
The Library and Museum of Freemasonry presents: Decoded: Freemasonry’s Illustrated Rulebooks
Between 1723 and 1819, two rival Grand Lodges of England published their rulebooks or Constitutions. During this period you would buy a book without a cover. So if a book had an illustration beside the title page, called a frontispiece, the book would be more valuable. As a result there were six frontispieces created for the Grand Lodges’ Constitutions.
Decoded: Freemasonry’s Illustrated Rulebooks shows how freemasons used the frontispiece to communicate messages. It shows how they were a propaganda tool in the rivalry between the Grand Lodges. You can decode these frontispieces for yourself, and learn about the Grand Lodges and the artists behind them.


Ask the Guardian : adjectives and adverbs E-Book
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In this exciting book, Questions are asked to a Grammar Guardian about how we use Adjectives and Adverbs in the English language. With lots of bright colourful pictures combined with easy to understand answers. This book is a good introduction to learners of English as a 2nd language and also more advanced students who need to brush up on their grammar skills.


Q: #410. What is a Scythian in the Bible (Col 3:11)?
By: Steve Shirley
A: The word "Scythian" is found only once in the Bible in (Col 3:11). This verse says, "Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all."
The word "Scythian" in Greek is "Skuthes," and is translated in Strong's as "a savage." Other translations say "barbarian." It is believed that it is listed right after "barbarian" to give an example of what was considered extreme barbarism.
History shows us that Scythians first appeared around the 8th century B.C. They originated in an area north of the Caspian Sea and Black Sea, in what is now known as the Soviet Union (Russia). However, they were highly nomadic, and constantly on the move. They were well known as warriors and raiders, and were very skilled in using weapons (particularly archery). As warriors, they had a reputation for extreme brutality and cruelty. They were often compared to wild animals. Several sources mention barbaric practices such as drinking the blood of their conquered foes, and drinking from their skulls.
In modern times, archaeology has uncovered many artifacts from the Scythian people. They appear to have died out in app. the 3rd century A.D.


About Dreamweaver templates
A template author designs a "fixed" page layout in a template. The author then creates regions in the template that are editable in documents based on that template; if the author does not define a region as editable, then template users cannot edit content in that area. Templates enable template authors to control which page elements template users--such as writers, graphic artists, or other web developers--can edit. There are several types of template regions the template author can include in a document.
One of the most powerful uses of templates is the ability to update multiple pages at once. A document that is created from a template remains connected to that template (unless you detach the document later). You can modify a template and immediately update the design in all documents based on it.
This section covers the following conceptual topics:
- Types of template regions
- Templates and template-based documents in Design and Code views
- Template tag syntax
- Links in templates
- Nested templates
- Server scripts in templates and template-based documents
- Template parameters
- Template expressions
- Creating a Dreamweaver template


It’s possible that Vienna, Austria, which is referred to as ″wien″ in German, is where the tradition of eating hot dogs first started. When was the first time someone made a hot dog? While there is evidence that hot dogs were first recorded in print in the late 1800s, the history of sausages may be traced all the way back to ancient times.
What did the two men do with the hot dog?
They did this by going to a hot dog vendor, purchasing a dog, and then discarding the bun. When the bartender asks for money, I’ll unzip my fly and bring out the hot dog. Then we’ll go inside the bar and get some beverages. You go on your knees and act like you’re going to suck me dry.’ The second man acknowledges this and agrees, at which point they begin their rounds.
What are the cultural traditions of the hot dog?
The Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest and the Oscar Mayer Wienermobile are two examples of the cultural traditions associated with the hot dog. The culture of these sorts of sausages was brought over from Germany to the United States, where they quickly gained popularity.
What makes a perfect Hot Dog joke?
- The right proportion of ketchup and mustard is essential to the development of the ideal hot dog bun.
- In a similar vein, the secret to crafting the ideal hot dog joke is to strike the right balance between telling a joke and making a pun, then topping it off with some mustard and ketchup humor.
- Therefore, when you appreciate each mouthful of your preferred hot dogs, give a hearty chuckle to our amusing jokes and have a nice laugh.


- The state should be directed by objective moral law, self-restraint, and industriousness.
- The state should assist the poor by creating an environment that allows families to raise healthy children who can become healthy, moral citizens.
- The state should allow families and associations to act independently to do what is best and teach virtue.
- The state should ensure that the commercial world is just and respects the persons who work; economic efficiency should not trump human dignity.
Sunday, February 19, 2017
A Well-Governed State
According to Esolen and his reading of Pope Leo XIII's writings, a well-governed state should promote its citizens' material and moral prosperity, protect private property, allow free associations, and protect the poor from the abuse of the rich and powerful. Although there is no single solution that will work for everyone everywhere, there are four principles that should be used to create a solution:


PetMD explains that one of the most common reasons that dogs experience rear-leg paralysis is due to trauma at some point along the nerve path. Moving the rear legs requires the use of the dog’s brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, which transmit information to and from the brain. Often, the problem is that the linkage between the spinal cord and the brain has been disrupted.Continue Reading
A dog's spinal cord travels through 24 different protective vertebrae, according to PetMD. Intervertebral discs between the vertebrae act as cushions. While the vertebrae and intervertebral discs usually protect the nerves well, portions of the nerve can become pinched, which results in impaired nerve impulse transmission.
WebMD states that traumatic injuries are not the only causes of hind-limb paralysis. For example, some breeds are genetically predisposed to a disease that damages the spinal nerves, called degenerative myelopathy. This is a progressive disease of older dogs, and it is most prevalent in Welsh corgis, boxers, German shepherds, Chesapeake Bay retrievers and Irish setters.
Other potential causes of rear leg paralysis in dogs include distemper, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, emboli and tumors. Additionally, slipped or herniated discs can also lead to rear leg paralysis, according to WebMD.Learn more about Dogs


Current detection strategies are found to have identified only 2.6% of the BRCA gene mutation carriers in the Greater London population, according to a recent study published in the Journal of Medical genetics. The findings of the study, performed by researchers from the BCI’s Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, led by Dr Ranjit Manchanda, suggest that enhanced and new approaches are required to maximise the opportunity for breast and ovarian cancer prevention.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. A recent study has shown that about 72 and 69% of women who inherit a harmful mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, develop breast cancer by 80 years of age. Additionally, 44 and 17% of women who inherit a harmful mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, develop ovarian cancer by 80 years of age. Identifying mutation carriers is therefore critical to reduce the number of BRCA-associated cancers.


My posts are about to take on a strong bias towards field work and interviews with the researchers kind enough to offer assistance to our lab as we embark on a Northern Hemisphere tour. Not only will we be sampling seaweeds along both North American coasts, we’ll be jet-setting to Europe and to Japan.
As my thoughts have bent increasingly toward Japan with our departure date looming and thinking about invasions, it seemed appropriate for a last paper review about an invasion. But, this invasion occurred in the opposite direction of the one we’re investigating.
So et al. (2015) examined Daphnia pulex in Japan to determine whether the populations were indigenous or recent colonizer.
Using mitochondrial DNA, they were able to determine that the Japanese populations were colonizers that had hybridized with another Daphnia species prior to arrival across the Pacific.
There were 4 distinct groups, based on mtDNA, but only one unique multilocus microsatellite genotype was found per group, suggesting asexual reproduction.
Interestingly, some clones could not be attributed to recent anthropogenic activities, but might have instead been the result of extremely rare events, such as the disruption of migratory flyways due to a volcanic eruption.
But, if populations are asexual, are they dead-ends? Do they require the influx of new migrants to increase genetic diversity?
So M et al. (2015) Invasion and molecular evolution of Daphnia pulex in Japan. Limnoloyg and Oceanography DOI: 10.1002/lno.10087


Fights Fungus Candida albicans is a type of fungus that commonly causes dental issues like plaque overgrowth, gum infections and root canal infections . Castor oil has antifungal properties and may help fight off Candida, keeping the mouth healthy.
One test-tube study found that castor oil eliminated Candida albicans from contaminated human tooth roots.
Castor oil may also help treat denture-related stomatitis, a painful condition thought to be caused by Candida overgrowth. This is a common issue in elderly people who wear dentures.
A study in 30 elderly people with denture-related stomatitis showed that treatment with castor oil led to improvements in the clinical signs of stomatitis, including inflammation.
Another study found that brushing with and soaking dentures in a solution containing castor oil led to significant reductions in Candida in elderly people who wore dentures.
SUMMARY: Several studies have shown that castor oil may help fight fungal infections in the mouth caused by Candida albicans.


Appendix II. Creating Latin squares of fixed order following the Sequential Enumeration scheme
1: start with order 4, write the first row in standard format: 1 2 3 4
2: try to complete the Ls row by row and site by site (from left to right) by always choosing the lowest possible number for the subsequent sites
3; in case of failure return to the last site where you had a choice (the last-choice site) and took the lowest possible number
4; now take the lowest available number there and proceed, always taking lowest possible numbers
5; proceed in this manner, if in failure return to the last site where one or more choices are (still) available, always taking the lowest. If the process fails again return to the last but one choice site, etc.
6; proceed until the Ls is finished. Number it LS01
7; start the completion of LS02 by: taking the previously completed Ls as starting point, returning to the last choice site of that Ls, and following 5
8; proceed until there are no choice sites left in the previously completed LS.
“failure”: impossibility to meet the Latin square condition at a current site
“possible”: compatible with the Latin square condition
“available” possible and not yet adopted in a previous attempt to continue the process
“last” refers to the process in time of successively filling the sites, going from upper to lower rows, etc.
Our numbering of the LS’s of order 4 and 5 (Chapters 2 and 3) follows the sequence of creation with the Sequential Enumeration scheme.


I saw quite a few trumpeter swans while in Alaska. These two were hanging out on Tern Lake down on the Kenai Peninsula, south of Anchorage. Trumpeter Swans are the largest birds in North America and can measure up to five feet long and weigh 30 pounds. They were considered nearly extinct, until a population of several thousand were found near Cooper River in south central Alaska.
Nikon D810 with Nikkor 17-35mm lens (at 32mm) ISO 400, f/5.6 at 1/1250th of a second


Golden rice lives up to its name, both for its color and the beneficial effect it can have on those (especially children) with vitamin A deficiency. Yet, the main obstacle preventing its distribution is the disinformation about genetically-engineered foods spread by anti-GMO Luddites. Let's hope that changes for the holidays.
vitamin A deficiency
One of our primary missions at ACSH is to inform people about risk, in particular, about theoretical or minuscule risks vs. real ones.
Dear anti-GM food aficionados, We are warning you that it may be time to stock up on your Whole Foods vegan-burgers and kale because civilization has now taken one more step toward the extinction of all healthy foods on earth. The latest culprit? The banana from hell. In fact, this product is SO awful that it will provide deadly vitamin A to the many selfish Ugandans who would prefer not to die from a deficiency of the stuff. They have some nerve.
Golden Rice, a genetically engineered crop enriched with beta-carotene which the body can then convert to vitamin A, has the potential to prevent blindness in populations prone to vitamin A deficiency. The WHO
In a front-page article in the New York Times entitled Golden Rice: Lifesaver, national correspondent Amy Harmon sums up the superstition and activist-generated controversy surrounding golden rice


Like vegetarians, "flexitarians" eat a primarily plant-based diet composed of grains, vegetables, and fruits, but they occasionally obtain protein from lean meat, fish, poultry, or dairy. A quarter of Americans fit the description, consuming meatless meals at least four days a week, according to the American Dietetic Association (ADA).
Why it's here to stay:
Flexitarianism is exactly what dietitians, nutritional researchers, and public health advocates have been recommending for years. "It's about eating a varied diet that's low in saturated fat and high in fiber," says Milton Stokes, M.P.H., R.D., chief dietitian at St. Barnabas Hospital in New York City, and an ada spokesperson. Because the emphasis is on produce rather than protein, flexitarians are more likely than most Americans to meet the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables and the vitamins and minerals they contain.
What it means for you:
Studies show that people who follow this approach to eating generally weigh less and have lower rates of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and prostate and colon cancer. In one large study from Tulane University in New Orleans, researchers tracked the eating habits of more than 9,600 people over a 19-year period and found those who consumed fruits and vegetables at least three times daily lowered their risk of stroke by 42 percent, and their risk of cardiovascular disease by 27 percent.


It's always fun to find that ideas we think are unique to our generation are in fact far older. For example, who invented hypertext?
Many might assert that it was Tim Berners-Lee, with his invention of the Web (1988). But while Sir Tim did (and continues to do) many wonderful things, the idea of hypertext greatly predates the Web.
Other common replies, at least among technologists, might be Ted Nelson, who in his book Literary Machines (1983) and his ambitious but ultimately unsuccessful Xanadu system pioneered many relevant ideas, and Doug Engelbart, who pioneered hypertext and many other things besides.
Historians of science are likely to cite Vannevar Bush's As We May Think (1945), which is notable as a description of a hypertext system that (essentially) predated computers, and influenced Nelson and Engelbart.
There are other precursors, but (getting to the punchline), I learned at a recent workshop of the work of the Belgian Paul Otlet, who from 1895 onwards described and built systems that (using cards, not computers) introduced ideas that (now quoting Wikipedia):
prefigured what ultimately became the World Wide Web. His vision of a great network of knowledge was centered on documents and included the notions of hyperlinks, search engines, remote access, and social networks. (Obviously these notions were described by different names.)
If he's in Wikipedia, he can't be that obscure (can he?), but this was all news to me.


Jump to main content or Bold Kids site navigation
The Bold was built by the Tacoma Boat Building Company of Tacoma, Washington, as a Tactical Auxiliary General Ocean Survey (T-AGOS) vessel. This ship was first commissioned in 1989 by the U.S. Navy as the USNS Vigorous. The vessel was later renamed the USNS Bold. The ship served on many surveillance missions. The Navy decommissioned the USNS Bold in 2004, when the ship was transferred to EPA. The Bold's large back deck and stable platform was perfectly suited for marine science expeditions. EPA has converted the Bold to an Ocean Survey Vessel (OSV) to replace EPA's aging and much smaller ocean survey vessel, the Peter W. Anderson. The Bold helps EPA scientists to conduct experiments and gather data that help us to understand the condition of our oceans and coastal areas.
Before the BOLD proudly wore the bright green and blue colors of EPA, it went about its Navy duties in battleship grey. Check out the transformation!
Contact the Bold Kids web editor to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.


This first mind game is called : Quadratic
It develops logical thinking skills , strategic planning , Visual and spatial perception .
And it’s a IQ_ building fun ^^
It has countless challenges and solutions
The magnetic grids placed together and the game begins . It’s all about fitting the 12 puzzle pieces on the game board created .
A booklet is included with a selection of challenges , ranging from easy to extremely difficult .
There’s just one solution ….
This computation study box for children +3
It’s a wooden game for education purpose , allowing the child get to know colors , numbers , operations .
This one for children also … it makes the child getting used to holding the pen and to control it
This next one i really like ^^ i don’t know the name tho …. but it has challenges as you can see and it’s a lot of fun
INNOVATION PATTERN A
Includes 60 patterns challenges , and it’s a creative pattern game that teaches spatial reasoning skills . the idea is to combine the puzzle pieces to match the images shown on each challenge card .
So it’s a game for two … one of them try and guess the correct order of colors , while the other one correct him without telling him what he did wrong , the game continues until he gets them all …. the winner is the one who takes the smalest guesses . For example :
player 1 did a lucky guess on the 3rd time while player 2 did a lucky guess on the 10th time ; so player 1 is the winner ^^
Geometrical shapes cognition board toy has the function of building block toy.


posted by Lance .
Hydrogen is burned in oxygen to release heat. How many grams of hydrogen gas must be burned to release enough heat to warm a 50.0 g block of iron, giving 5 mol of water?
2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) ΔH = −484 kJ
Iron has a specific heat of 0.449 J/(g·°C).


The New York Public Library Amazing Scientists
In this entry in this series, Jim Callan introduces young readers to the findings of some of the world's greatest scientists. Discover the moons of Jupiter with Galileo. Uncover the science of radiation with Madame Curie. Travel forward in time with Einstein. Find out how scientists learned to cure diseases, how they discovered gravity, and how they determined the structure of the atom.
- What is the Hippocratic Oath?
- How did Archimedes single-handedly hold off the entire Roman army?
- Which famous physician learned about human anatomy in a gladiator ring?
- What is natural selection?
- What was the worst disease of all time?
- Who discovered over 300 uses for peanuts?
- Which founder of chemistry died by the guillotine in the French Revolution?
- What Nobel Prize-winning physicist escaped the Nazis in 1933?
These are just a few of the questions answered in this engrossing book, featuring photographs, other illustrations, diagrams, and a host of interesting facts about the men and women who made history with their scientific discoveries.
172 pages, illustrated. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
Hardcover. $12.95. ISBN 0-471-39289-X.


Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST) is a
power and thermal management technology
developed by Intel. EIST was introduced as a
means of enabling high performance while
meeting the power-saving needs of a mobile
Essentially, EIST throttles the clock speed of a central processing unit (CPU) during periods requiring minimal demand. It then brings the clock speed back up to its maximum potential when demanded by the load . This allows a computer to save power when there is less to process, yet still achieve high performance when the demand is high.
The earlier, non-enhanced version of SpeedStep switched frequency and voltage between low and high levels in response to a current processor load. EIST builds on this by using the following strategies:
EIST reduces the latency inherent with changing the voltage-frequency pair (P-state), thus allowing those transitions to occur more frequently. This allows for more granular, demand-based switching and can optimize the power-to-performance balance, based on the demands of the applications.
Used for : Intel , Intel Atom, Intel Celeron, Intel Core 2, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, Intel Core i9, Intel Core M, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, Intel Itanium 2, Intel Pentium, Intel Pentium 4, Intel Pentium M, Intel Xeon


There are many ways to go about gathering information for research. Two different yet effective ways to gather this information is through the experimental method and the survey method. Both methods can provide extremely accurate results. The Experimental method allows the researcher to have great control over how the experiment is given. The survey method is accurate because it lets the researcher to get the thoughts and opinions of a much larger sample population.
The differences of the two methods are what researches look at when trying to decide what method would be the best for their application. The experimental method allows the researcher to be completely objective, while the questions in a survey may not be phrased quite as objectively. Often, researches want to get "real world" information. In a case like this, the survey method would be a much better choice. Because of the experimental method's artificial setting, the results may not reflect what would happen in the "real world."
With a hypothesis that frustration leads to aggressive behavior, the experimental method would probably show the best, most accurate results.
The independent variable is the factor that is being changed and tested by the investigator. The independent variable in the aggressive behavior experiment would be whether or not the sample or subject is frustrated.
The dependent variable is the factor being measured by the investigator. In this experiment, the investigator could put the subject through a frustrating task (manipulating the independent variable); the investigator would then measure the difference in the amount of aggression in the person when he/she was frustrated and when he/she was calm. Thus, the dependent variable would be the measure of the amount of aggression the subject had.
The control is the subject that has had the independent variable withheld. The best control for...


“Land use” and “zoning” each have different meanings and independent legal significance. Land use is determined by a city or county’s comprehensive plan, which governs the future use of property within the boundaries of the city or unincorporated county. Zoning, on the other hand, represents the current permissible uses of specific properties within a given city or county. In Florida, zoning must not be inconsistent with land use designations. Sometimes, zoning districts are not compatible with an owner’s intended use of his property. In such cases, an amendment or variance may be the best option; or it may not be appropriate and may even conflict with the land use designation in the comprehensive plan. In the event of conflict, a land use amendment would be required; however, seeking a land use amendment is more likely to invite challenge from citizens. For this reason, the process of amending zoning is often less fraught with conflict than amending land use.


English to Hindi
Hindi English Lessons
English To Hindi
What is the meaning of
in Hindi is :
Definition of word strawberry
Any of various low-growing plants of the genus Fragaria, having white flowers and an aggregate fruit that consists of a red fleshy edible receptacle and numerous seedlike fruitlets.
The aggregate fruit of this plant.
Containing or having the flavor of strawberries.
Examples of word
Just besides the strawberry is a giant pin, ready to blow off the strawberry.
Her hair is true red while mine is what they call strawberry blond.
They sure look a lot different from what we call strawberry shortcakes here in Manila.
I was informed by a mate in Iraq that what we know as the strawberry milkshake is known as the angry dragon by them.
I can tell you the flavour of wild strawberry is intense, so much stronger than the cultivated fruit.
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Currency Deposits by Country
|Country||Inflation||GDP||Population||Interest Rate||Change||Currency||Last Updated|
|Syria+Follow||59.1%||5,041 (2010)||22,920,273||10%||-||SYP||Nov 2016|
Foreign Currency Deposit Rates
While local deposit rates which can be denominated in national and foreign currencies are set by banks they are highly influenced by several factors outside of their control. These include but are not limited to inflation in an economy, competition, regulation/liquidity requirements as well as central bank policies. Central banks across the world set monetary policies accordingly to effectively improve an economy whether it is to cool them down or set policies for expansion. Different economies may be expansion while others contracting as gains and losses in trade impact economies.
Economies in recession can be likely to set interest rates low with corresponding deposit yields being low, high performing economies may push rates high to cool down economies from overheating or alternatively rates may be forced higher because of rampant inflation. The following deposit rates indicate bank forecasts and policies which generally correspond with the associated central bank policies.


August 2016 – CARIBBEAN – Tropical Storm Earl has formed in the Caribbean Sea, the first Atlantic basin named storm since late June. Earl will track toward Belize and Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, where strong winds and heavy rainfall will be threats late Wednesday into Thursday. Current indications are that the chance of a direct impact on the U.S. from Earl is low.
Earl was named late Tuesday morning after a Hurricane Hunter reconnaissance mission found that an area of low pressure had formed. Tropical storm warnings and hurricane watches have been issued for parts of the Yucatan Peninsula, from Punta Allen, Mexico, to the Belize/Guatemala border. A tropical storm warning is also in effect for Honduras from Cabo Gracias a Dios westward to the Honduras/Guatemala border, including the Bay Islands.
This system has already been impactful the last few days prior to being named Earl. Six people were killed in the Dominican Republic Sunday into Monday as this system passed near the island. In the near term, showers and some tropical storm-force winds will impact Jamaica and the Cayman Islands Tuesday and Tuesday night. Some local flash flooding can’t be ruled out over the mountainous terrain of Jamaica. For now, the chance of U.S. impacts appears very low, with the exception of a possible push of moisture and showers into parts of the Texas coast. –Weather


A very large wildfire in New Mexico was moving close to a nuclear facility at Los Alamos, but fortunately firefighters have been successful at keeping it at bay. Los Alamos is the site where the first atomic bomb was constructed. Eleven years ago, due to wildfires, some of the lab’s structures burned. On July 4th the Los Alamos National Lab website posted an alert for their employees about their work schedule: “Los Alamos National Laboratory has announced it will re-open to employees on Wednesday, July 6, 2011, after being closed for more than a week during the Las Conchas fire, the largest wildfire in New Mexico history.”
Los Alamos national lab is located in an area that is prone to wildfires, and it appeared this year the fires might reach the research facility. “There was a scary moment when the fire spotted high up in Los Alamos Canyon, the fuel-rich gateway funneling into town and the lab.” (Source: KRQE.com) Last year wildfires were also a problem in the area.
Extreme weather like drought is now thought to be linked to climate change, which is a growing trend, and dry conditions make wildfires more likely. So does Los Alamos face a future of more wildfires, and if so, what would the consequences of the lab catching on fire? A related news article stated there are 20,000 drums of nuclear waste stored at Los Alamos, and if they were exposed to high temperatures, they could burst and release their contents into the fire plumes, which would be likely to spread the waste material.
Plans are also in the works for greater plutonium use there. Plutonium bomb-making wastes will double, according to Nuke Watch. Why are such large amounts of potentially damaging waste stored in an area that is prone to wildfires, and may actually become more so, due to dry conditions made worse by the effects of climate change?
Image Credit: Public Domain


Researchers offer overview of late-stage Ebola risks
The study included an evaluation of whether people who are in the late stage of the virus and living at home place their loved ones at a higher risk of contracting the virus. The purpose of the overview is to guarantee that Ebola patients do not spread the virus. In light of their research, the scientists say health care facilities need to do their best to prevent at-home care for Ebola patients.
Ultimately, the researchers suggest that the risk of transmission throughout the community is not a significant risk.
"This research strengthens the evidence base for dealing with this deadly disease. Importantly, we provide a more nuanced understanding of the risks -- and particularly the risks associated with indirect contact,” Paul Hunter, the lead researcher in the study from UEA's Norwich Medical School, said. "Our research shows that Ebola is not very infectious in the general community, and that it does require close contact with a known case."
The researchers recommend cremation of deceased Ebola victims to further inhibit the transmission of the virus.
“We found no evidence of risk associated with casual community contact with individuals who are not yet showing symptoms,” Hunter said. “Even living in the same house is not that risky providing you avoid direct contact. Many forms of contact such as conversation, sharing a meal, sharing a bed, and direct or indirect touching, are unlikely to result in disease transmission during incubation or early illness.
"We found that infection risk is highest among those caring for a sick person at home in the later stages of infection, or preparing the recently deceased for burial. Urgent diagnosis and hospitalisation really is the key to stopping the spread of this disease at least until a vaccine is widely available. Our work also shows that vaccination strategies in future outbreaks only need to be targeted at relatively close contacts of cases and health care workers."


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Most people are not familiar how cogeneration works. Cogeneration, which is also referred to as Combined Heat and Power (CHP), is the process of deriving two forms of energy, electricity and heat, from a single source.
The energy systems of buildings have been traditionally configured to draw electricity from the grid and to generate thermal and chilling needs on site with boilers, furnaces and chillers. The efficiency of these systems is 35 – 45%.
By converting to cogeneration, the efficiency of a building’s system can be elevated to as high as 80%. This increased efficiency translates into less primary energy inputs needed to deliver the amount of electricity and heat required, and the impacts are significant. Utility bills are reduced by 50% on average, which greatly increases net operating income and frees up capital for other needs.
Property owners would also be ensuring energy resilience because of the cogeneration system’s capacity to run in “island mode” off the grid. During the blackout after Sandy, buildings with cogeneration systems disconnected from the grid and avoided any power loss.
A cogeneration system also has significant environmental benefits. Grid congestion is relieved because much less electricity is drawn from the public utility. The huge increase in efficiency also results in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Our cogeneration system features an exclusive license for technology which not only meets but exceeds CA state emissions requirements, the strictest in the nation.
As a result of these social benefits, many states are currently offering very large energy incentives to make the transition. This makes it possible to finance a cogeneration project completely out of the utilities savings with a 5-6 year payback.
At the heart of the system that HVAC, Inc. designs and installs is a cogeneration module manufactured by Tecogen, a leader in the field.Cogeneration Benefits


Kids Home > Varicella Vaccine
The varicella vaccine is used for reducing the risk of chickenpox. It is given as two separate doses, at least one to three months apart (depending on the age of the individual). The vaccine works by "tricking" the body into thinking it has been exposed to chickenpox; the body produces antibodies that will help fight the virus if future exposure occurs.
What Is the Varicella Vaccine?
Potential Side Effects
- Injection site reactions, such as pain or redness
- Chickenpox-like rash.


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If your lungs produce a lot of mucus, airway clearance techniques may be prescribed. These techniques help move excess mucus from the airways. Keeping the lungs clear of mucus helps prevent shortness of breath and other symptoms.
Coughing techniques are special ways of coughing that help move mucus up the airways. You may be taught methods such as the “huff” technique (shown here).
1. Sit in a chair with both feet on the floor. Take a slow, deep breath through your nose.
2. To exhale, open your mouth and make a “huff” sound in your throat. (This is the same way you might breathe to clean a pair of glasses.) Huff 2 to 3 times as you exhale. Relax for a few seconds. Then repeat steps as needed.
Postural drainage uses gravity to drain mucus from the lungs. It’s done by lying in certain positions for a given amount of time. Postural drainage may be done along with a technique called chest percussion. This involves clapping on your chest to loosen mucus. Or, a vibrating device may be held against the chest to shake mucus loose.
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy is done by exhaling into a hand-held device. This device changes pressures inside the lungs, which loosens mucus.
A vibrating vest is worn over the chest. The vest is attached to an air generator that inflates and deflates the vest very quickly. This motion vibrates the chest and loosens mucus.
Keep in mind that these techniques are meant to move mucus up the airways and out of the lungs. Have a box of tissues handy.


The Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition Model offers a method of seeing how pc technology may impact educating and studying. 62 This definition’s emphasis on creativity avoids unbounded definitions which will mistakenly embody cooking technologies,” however it additionally highlights the prominent role of people and due to this fact their responsibilities for using advanced technological methods.
Developed nations have benefited from the usage of medical technology in their health care techniques and this explains the reason why individuals in developed countries leave longer than individuals in growing nations.
Through the industrial age, companies with giant sums of capital had the potential of employing expensive technological instruments to gain aggressive advantage ; small companies had much less potential because they might not afford costly manufacturing or processing technological instruments.
One is a move away from technological determinism and the belief that technology is a given self-contained phenomenon which develops autonomously to an emphasis on technological development being the results of decisions (although not essentially the meant end result).
Stone Age – The event of straightforward instruments from wooden or shards of rock and the invention of fire, which offered a strategy to cook dinner food and create heat and light, have been technological developments which allowed people to accomplish tasks more simply and rapidly.


That orthoboric acid is a tribasic acid is shown by the formation of ethyl orthoborate on esterification, the vapour density of which corresponds to the molecular formula B(0C2H5)3; the molecular formula of the acid must consequently be B(OH) 3 or H 3 B0 3.
Menschutkin (Ber., 1882, 15, p. 1 445; Ann., 1879, 1 95, p. 334) examined the rate of esterification of many acids with alcohols.
The investigation also showed that the nature of the acid used affected the result, for in an homologous series of acids it was found that as the molecule of the acid became more complex, the rate of esterification became less.
Meyer (Ber., 18 94, 2 7, p. 510 et seq.) showed that in benzenoid compounds ortho-substituents exert a great hindering effect on the esterification of alcohols by acids in the presence of hydrochloric acid, this hindering being particularly marked when two substituents are present in the ortho positions to the carboxyl group. In such a case the ester is best prepared by the action of an alkyl halide on the silver salt of the acid, and when once prepared, can only be hydrolysed with great difficulty.


These are the seabirds (order Procellariiformes) — the albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters. These birds typically spend most of their lives at sea, returning to land only to breed. New Zealand is the seabird capital of the world.
The diurnal birds of prey are predatory birds that are now split into two different orders. They include falcons and kestrels (order Falconiformes), and harriers, hawks, eagles and kites (order Accipitriformes).
These birds belong to the order Charadriiformes. They are typically found around coastal areas and inland waterways, although some breed well inland. We have many species of migratory shorebirds that breed in the arctic then fly to New Zealand for our summer.


Math Made Easy: Marvel Heroes: Fourth Grade
Illustrated with kids' favorite characters from Marvel and DC Comics, each new Math Made Easy workbook is filled with exercises for home learning that feature problems and practice questions. Math has never been as exciting as it is with Superman, Spider-Man, Batman, and Wolverine!
Specifications of Math Made Easy: Marvel Heroes: Fourth Grade
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The majority of the 22 primate species known to eat fungi spend less than 5% of their feeding time doing so. The Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii), a small South American primate, devotes up to 63% of its feeding time to the consumption of Auricularia auricula, A. mesenterica, Ascopolyporus polyporoides and A. polychrous. This may be as much as 6.1kg/animal/year of fresh weight of fungus consumed by an animal weighing half a kilogram; in comparison, the average person in the U.S.A. consumes 1.9 kg/person/year of fresh weight of mushrooms. The nutritional benefits of mycophagy appear to be relatively few, but need to be investigated further. Mycophagy by Goeldi's monkeys may be a strategy for reducing feeding competition during the dry season and likely affects the monkeys' home range size and distribution pattern.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.


Kidney Shrinkage is a condition when kidneys shrunk in smaller size than its normal size. Damaged kidneys are not able to filter out waste material and fluid from the body. Major causes of Kidney Failure – High blood pressure. Constant collision of blood pressure makes the arteries hard and shrikes in size. Management of blood pressure is crucial to prevent kidney failure. At Sai Sanjivani, we provide ayurvedic medicines to stop kidney shrinkage naturally and diet plan to restore kidney function. Results are seen as decreased levels of creatinine, urea levels and improved kidney function.
The amount of salt you consume has direct impact on your blood pressure. So, kidney patients need to be very careful while taking salt in their diet. If a kidney patient whose blood pressure is high, needs to lower down blood pressure. Limiting salt intake in diet helps in kidney disease. Just a pinch of sendha namak/ Himalayan Salt/ Rock Salt is allowed to kidney patient in every meal.
Creatinine is a waste product produced from the breakdown of muscle metabolism. To control high creatinine levels, restricting or reducing protein intake helps to lower creatinine levels. Damaged kidney are unable to filter out waste material and it starts accumulating in the body. Avoid milk, pulses and other non-veg items. Reducing protein intake prevents from weight loss, weakness and accumulation of water.
Vigorous exercises also increases creatinine levels. Practice yoga and breathing exercises such as Kapalbhati, Pranayam and Anulom vilom. Avoid external factors like cold intolerance and fever. High levels of creatinine and urea indicates severe decrease in kidney function. When kidneys are damaged, kidneys are unable to flush out potassium from the body, it starts accumulating in the body. High potassium levels symptoms: nausea, weakness, numbness.


K1 Creative Development
K1 complete a variety of art activities often linked to other areas of learning. They start off the Autumn term painting self – portraits which make a wonderful display in the classroom. They study the work of various artists including Mondrian and Georgia O’Keefe, completing pictures in the same style. Collage work explores using different materials, linked in with work in Science. K1 also complete observational drawings of spring flowers and Leeds Castle. In the Summer term they start to review their own work and the work of others to identify areas where improvements could be made.
K2 Creative Development
Art is taught in a cross-curricular way in K2. Pupils are encouraged to explore ideas, using a variety of starting points. They investigate and use a variety of materials and processes to communicate their ideas, and design and make images and artifacts. They comment on differences in others’ work, and suggest ways of improving their own.


probability of head p
(i) Toss a coin 12 times and observe 9 heads, 3 tails.
(ii) Toss a coin until the third tail turns up , occurs on 12th toss.
Test hypothesis H0 : p=0.5 against H1: p>0.5 with significance level 5%.
wats ur conclusion
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|This article forms part of the series on the |
|Liturgy of the Preparation|
|Liturgy of the Word|
|Great Litany |
Litany of Fervent Supplication
Litany for the Departed
Litany of the Catechumens
|Liturgy of the Eucharist|
|Cherubic Hymn |
Litany of the Completion
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The Apostolos is the liturgical book containing the various epistle readings as they appointed by the lectionary.
An apostolos or epistle is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons, usually a letter and a very formal, often didactic and elegant one. The letters from Apostles to Christians in the New Testament are often referred to as epistles.
In the context of the Divine Liturgy or other liturgical service, epistle may refer more specifically to a particular passage from a New Testament epistle, or from the Acts of the Apostles, that is scheduled to be read on a certain day or at a certain occasion.
- The Epistle Lectionary - The Apostolos of the Greek Orthodox Church According to the King James Version (Byzantine Style Lectionary)
- The Apostol (Slavic Style Apostolos, Traditional English translation)
- Orthodox Christian Scripture Lectionary - An Examination of how the Gospel and Apostolos Lectionary is used throughout the year
- Practical Tips on How To Build a Liturgical Library


Ringwood, borough (1990 pop. 12,623), Passaic co., N N.J., in the Ramapo Mts. and on the Wanaque River near the N.Y. line. Iron was found nearby in 1730; mines and works were developed from 1764 by Peter Hasenclever, who made Ringwood Manor his headquarters. His successor, Robert Erskine, produced munitions for the patriots in the American Revolution. Other owners of the Ringwood properties included Peter Cooper and Abram S. Hewitt. Presented to the state in 1936, the estate (95 acres/38 hectares) became (1939) a park and the manor house was converted into a museum. Ringwood Manor has been designated a national historic landmark.
"Ringwood." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 22, 2018). http://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ringwood
"Ringwood." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Retrieved September 22, 2018 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ringwood


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It may sound extreme, but laser treatment is simple and effective. Using electric energy converted into light energy, we can produce results with precision. The laser is a directed narrow beam of light that can make targeted cuts allowing us to remove diseased tissue without impacting healthy tissue and with very limited bleeding.
In dentistry, we use laser technology in crown lengthening procedures, to assist with canker sores, and to help patients with periodontal disease. Laser treatment helps in periodontal treatment by:
How Laser Treatment is Done
Patients who are having laser treatment done will be equipped with a pair of shades; this is to protect their eyes from the intensity of the light. Treatment is simple, we may offer a local anesthetic, but most find treatment done with a laser to be pain-free. We will remove the dead or diseased tissue from around the tooth root, and remove the microbes from the gum pockets; this will allow us to scale the area then more effectively. Scaling is the removal of hardened plaque or calculus. This can be done with an ultrasonic scaler or a hand scaler. Once all decayed tissue and bacteria are removed, we can then smooth the roots through a process known as root scaling. Smoothing the roots will help the teeth reattach to the gum tissue and reduce the buildup of future bacteria.
Periodontal disease is not cured of a single treatment but is part of a continuous treatment process. Your mouth is constantly exposed to new bacteria, removing it through daily brushing and flossing, along with evaluations and cleaning appointments, we can help you have healthier teeth and gums.


Changing images of the legal past
How does legal history move in time, and what determined the broad turns observable from the 19th century? This research starts from the premise that legal historiography cannot operate without a philosophical idea of ‘law’ which summarises how law should be created, by whom and how. Starting from this premise, legal history is better explained if we look to philosophers rather than legal historians. In fact, we find major philosophical figures at its main turning points: Friedrich v. Savigny, who in the early 19th century was considered the Kant of his discipline; Hermann Kantorowicz, who in the early 20th century reversed the earlier premises starting from neo-Kantianism and linguistic philosophy. And today, the current reorientation of methods and objectives should be explained, according to this approach, by a vast reformulation of its theoretical premises and in particular by a growing concern with the informational framework whereby the law operates.


During Pacifist Fight Club: Round 3, Deshonna Collier-Goubil spoke on the racial inequality found in the US Prison System. In this TEDtalk, Bryan Stevenson addresses the elephant in the room: "We Need to Talk about Injustice." He urges us to explore our national past to discover the connecting points to where we are today in our imbalanced system of justice.
While some efforts are being made to reduce the over-capacity of prison systems (in California, and other states) Compton's Mayor Brown recently stated in an interview with Vogue, that these plans aren't "very well thought out." While she advocates state-initiated training programs, Stevenson insists change won't be made—that justice won't be served—until we as a nation take a hard look at our past. Bryan Stevenson is a story teller, and weaves memorable moments with his grandmother, and sitting in a living room with Rosa Parks, into his even-handed case for racial equality and system reform.
Stevenson founded and serves as executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative. EJI fights against the Death Penalty and the sentencing of children to adult prisons, as well as fighting for policy and system reform, all the while challenging the blind-eyes of the status quo.
Fight Club Homework Assignments:
Revisit: Pacifist Fight Club: Round 3 and watch Deshonna weigh in on the issue.
Discuss or Ponder: What are the effects of a voting system where 1/3 of a demographical voice has been systematically silenced?


Myanmar is one of the most biologically diverse and ecologically productive nations on Earth. Its forests support the livelihoods of more than 36 million people, while the forestry sector employs more than
forest management plans
A document describing the manner in which commercial forestry will be carried out, and which may specify optimum harvest rates, means of minimizing environmental impacts, measures to ensure the health and safety of workers, and processes to accommodate interests of local communities.
Guide to Forestry Contracts - Understanding Key Provisions (Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI) and International Senior Lawyers Project (ISLP))


Windows is an operating system made by Microsoft. An operating system is a software program makes the computer function. The operating system is already installed on a computer when it is purchased.
The operating system allows you to complete many useful everyday tasks on your computer like read email, edit vacation pictures, write a letter, play games and much more.
The first version of Windows was released in 1985. Prior to Windows 1.0, PCs used Disk Operating System or DOS, which required the user to type in memorized commands to locate and runs programs. Windows allows the user to click on icons to perform the same commands – this is called a graphical user interface (GUI).
The most recent version of Windows is Windows 11, which was released in late 2021. This class covers Windows 10. Other versions of Windows may look and function differently.The Desktop >>


Robert GundlachBorn: 1926
Photocopying. Gundlach devoted over three decades to transforming photocopiers into small, robust products that revolutionized xerography. As the field advanced, Gundlach invented ways to produce color copies and use digital technology. He has earned more than 150 patents; while most are related to xerography, they also include a snow-making machine, a comfortable backpack, and a water-based heat pump system.
Fact Monster/Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


Early 1941 was a good time for agriculture, the main occupation in Malesso'. Tomatoes and corn in particular did very well. More people were interested in farming and a record twenty-two plows were bought in Malesso' in just one month.
A type of pandanus called åkgak was receiving a lot of attention on Guam in the late 30s and early 40s. Its production and use in weaving all kinds of things for home use and daily life was promoted by the government. Jesus C. Barcinas, a teacher in Malesso', was a leader in åkgak production. There was a big demand for woven products made of åkgak, especially by statesiders buying them as souvenirs. It was a new way of making cash on Guam.
On the church front, Father Marcian was able to tear down what was left of the church which remained roofless after the typhoon of November 1940. He was busy doing carpentry work to fix his residence and start building a new church.
About the only sour note in Malesso' in June of 1941 was the no-show of the mañåhak fish. They showed up but in such small numbers that the people could not salt any for future use. What little mañåhak came was eaten up by the people.
Imagine this kind of life before December that year would change life forever.


The warming oceans have led to bleaching events in coral reefs around the world, but bleaching is not the only problem corals face. Disease outbreaks are also becoming more frequent, severe, and widespread.
Many factors are contributing to the problem, including pollution and nitrogen runoff from fertilizers and coastal sewer and septic systems. However, the key culprit is likely the steadily increasing ocean temperatures, which are the cause of coral bleaching. Elevated water temperatures can cause coral polyps to expel the algae that sustains them and gives them color.
According to scientists, bleaching makes corals more susceptible to illness. In the Caribbean, a coral disease hotspot, about 80% of coral cover has disappeared, largely from outbreaks of “white band disease”, so called because of a white band of dead tissue that forms in affected corals. Two crucial reef-building species, elkhorn and staghorn coral, are now nearing extinction in the regions. The reef extending along the Florida coastline is the third largest reef ecosystem in the world and nearly 35% of it has been lost to disease.
Estimates are that disease outbreaks have wiped out at least 6% of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In that region, diseases are more prevalent in areas where corals were damaged by fishing and other human activity because wounded coral provides an entry point for pathogens and bacteria.
In the face of climate change and mounting disease outbreaks, scientists are scrambling for solutions to stave off catastrophe. Assisting the migration of hardier coral species and breeding so-called “super corals” are among the strategies being pursued. It is unknown whether these and other forms of intervention can be used on a wide enough scale to really make a difference.
Photo, posted November 29, 2012, courtesy of Robert Linsdell via Flickr.


Our look at some highlights from our Young Adult and Children’s Fiction section continues with our series on Cinderella.
On top of the many modern retellings, there are also a myriad of older versions that we might consider templates: not only Grimm’s “Aschenputtl” (published 1812), but also the Chinese “Yeh-hsien” (recorded circa 850), and Giambattista Basile’s Italian “Cerentola” (published 1634). Any consideration of the story we call “Cinderella” for simplicity’s sake must acknowledge that Cinderella has had a dizzying array of personae over hundreds of years, in several cultures. There is no one authoritative tale of Cinderella, only a hall of mirrors with a different face in each reflection.
Marie Rutkoski explains that in almost all Cinderella stories, across cultures and centuries, nature is always a powerful force. One notable exception to that rule, however, is Marissa Meyer’s Cinder, which cast a most unnatural cyborg in the heroine’s role. Ella Enchanted gives readers a more modern and relatable Ella to draw us in to the familiar tale. And last, in Sarah Skilton’s review of Ash, a lesbian retelling of the story, she asks “what is the point of fairy tales if not to tempt the reader into making a wish to exchange his or her world for a different one?”.


It’s now well established that sleep plays an important role in memory and learning. Now a new study suggests that dreams also play a part in consolidating memories. The study involved 99 subjects training for an hour on a computerized maze task, and then either taking a 90-minute nap or engaging in quiet activities. Intermittently, subjects were asked to describe what was going through their minds, or what they had been dreaming about. Five hours after training, the subjects were retested on the maze task. While those who hadn’t slept showed no improvement on the second test (even if they had reported thinking about the maze during their rest period), and those nappers who reported no maze-related dreams also showed little improvement, those who dreamed about the task showed dramatic improvement. Those who dreamed about the task were not more interested or motivated, but they were more likely to have performed relatively poorly during training — suggesting that the sleeping brain is more likely to focus on areas of greatest need. The researchers believe not that dreaming causes you to remember, but that dreaming is a marker that the brain is working on a problem at many levels — perhaps reflecting the brain's attempt to find useful associations.
 . Dreaming of a Learning Task Is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation. Current Biology [Internet]. 2010 ;20(9):850 - 855. Available from: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(10)00352-0


Flag of South Africa
This page is about the meaning, origin and characteristic of the symbol, emblem, seal, sign, logo or flag: Flag of South Africa.
The flag of the Republic of South Africa was adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of the 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by State Herald Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the new democracy.
The flag has horizontal bands of red (on the top) and blue (on the bottom), of equal width, separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal "Y" shape, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side (and follow the flag's diagonals). The Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes. The stripes at the fly end are in the 5:1:3:1:5 ratio.
Three of the colours – black, green and yellow – are found in the banner of the African National Congress. The other three – red, white and blue – are displayed on the old Transvaal vierkleur (which also includes green), the Dutch tricolour and the modern flag of the United Kingdom.
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The developer of a new two-armed robot will offer it to the operator of the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant for helping to clear debris and cutting pipes in no-go areas.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. said it developed the robot specifically to aid recovery work at the plant, where radiation levels remain so high in some places workers would be exposed to a lifetime maximum in a matter of minutes.
"We hope to call on Tokyo Electric Power Co. to use it," said a company official.
Named MHI-MEISTeR, the robot is able to carry out a wide range of actions. Each arm has seven joints and can wield a tool such as a circular saw, drill or pliers.
The robot's control system is derived from existing technology: operators can guide it using video game controllers and laptop computers.
The robot can be powered by a cable, or it can move independently for up to two hours using batteries, MHI said.
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On November 26, 1778, Captain James Cook of the British Royal Navy sailed his ship around the Hawaiian Islands and came upon the beautiful Island of Maui, making him the very first European (read as: "white person") to lay on it.
However, that's all he did. Because he was unable to find a suitable place to dock, he never actually stepped foot on the island and ended up just sailing away in frustration.
To this day, white people have never returned to the island, was never overthrown by greedy American businessmen and remains a placid and reclusive island paradise, untouched by the modern world.
Go back to Day 78.
Tags: Election Countdown, Hawaii, United Kingdom


There are a few ways that we tend to think about eye protection. Many of us wear appropriately filtered sunglasses to reduce glare and UV exposure. Some people go so far as to watch what they eat, knowing that their general health will relate to the risk for eye diseases. Did you know that there is more to safeguarding your eyes than preserving vision and avoiding eye disease?
The American Academy of Ophthalmology has reported that more than 1 million eye injuries occur on an annual basis. There is an important detail about these injuries that we need to pay close attention to 90% of these injuries are preventable. All that is needed is a little safeguarding.
What You Can Do to Avoid Eye Injury
If you know you can avoid any injury, of course, you want to! Here’s how:
Start by . . .
- Evaluating your work environment, specifically looking for hazards.
- Prepare for your task by gathering the right tools. If you’re gardening, have protective glasses ready. If you’re working around chemicals, have a first aid kit, and eye washes accessible.
- Educate yourself on appropriate safety practices and hazards you may not immediately consider.
Then . . .
- Get fitted safety gear if necessary. An eye care professional can provide this.
- Schedule a full eye exam. The risk of injury is compounded if vision problems go undetected.
Sports injuries often occur to the eye. The leading type of eye injury for athletes (even Sunday morning hoops counts) is the corneal abrasion. This injury hurts a lot more than it should for being so minor! Corneal abrasion usually heals over several days and leaves behind no lasting damage. If an opponent’s finger or another instrument cannot reach the eye, the cornea is not likely to get scratched. Bottom line: wear sports goggles whenever you play, whatever you play.
Considering the potential for avoidance, one might say that far too many eye injuries occur each year. What can you do to decrease your risk? If you need help, call (806) 351-1177


1 in 3 childs in Texas is overweight or obese
Nearly 27 million people call the state of Texas home, making it the second largest and most populous state in the U.S. Over its more than 260,000 square miles,* Texas landscapes flow from arid deserts to prairies, forests, and a rich coastline that feeds into the Gulf of Mexico.
Despite the state’s scenic landscapes, it bears a less flattering attribute: Texas is the first most obese state in the U.S. for children. More than 1 in 3 children and adolescents in Texas is obese, putting them at risk for serious health problems.
Additionally, the significant racial and ethnic disparities that exist in obesity prevalence among U.S. children are pronounced in Texas’s diverse communities: Nearly 39 percent of the state’s residents are Hispanic or Latino.*
Thanks to support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The JPB Foundation and Target, the Alliance for a Healthier Generation is working with communities throughout the state to make it easier for kids to lead healthier lives.
*Source: U.S. Census Bureau


From Chinese 蓬 + 萊, of uncertain etymology. The characters can refer directly (together) to 蓬蒿草莱 or (separately) to various Chinese weeds and herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine and Taoist alchemy; 蓬 can serve as a measure word (a "clump") for herbs; or they may be an Old Chinese transcription (reconstructed *bong or *brong rˤək) of an earlier Austro-Asiatic name: cf. 萊國 (Lai), an ancient Dongyi tribe, where 萊 has been argued to transcribe a native word for "mountain" or "wilderness".
蓬萊 (traditional, Pinyin 蓬莱), simplified
- Penglai, a mythical eastern isle of the blessed in Chinese mythology
- Penglai, a city in Shandong, China, formerly known as Dengzhou or Tengchow and recently renamed after the legendary island
- Mythical island
- "蓬萊" (in Mandarin), Han Dian (漢典). URL accessed on 20 November 2013.


Driving without giving your full attention to the road is always risky. Engaging in any activity that takes your eyes off the road or your hands off the wheel-be it turning down the air conditioning, eating a sandwich or wrangling your kids in the back seat-constitutes distracted driving.
The advent of smart phones has only increased the opportunities for distraction while driving. In recent years, accidents and injuries caused by distracted drivers have spiked. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that upwards of 1,000 people each day are injured by distracted drivers.
Last year, Texas took firm action to inhibit smart phone distraction while driving. It passed a new law, which is commonly known as the texting ban. In reality, this law extends beyond just texting. It prohibits reading, writing or sending any form of electronic message-text, email, Instagram post etc. Drivers may still use their cell phones to use hands-free technology, use GPS, play music or contact emergency services.
To effectively deter distracted driving, the state is enforcing stiff penalties for infractions. Anyone caught sending or receiving messages while driving will be charged with a misdemeanor-which will go on their permanent criminal record. First-time offenders can be charged anywhere from $25 to $99. For repeat offenders, that fine jumps to between $100 and $200. In addition, if the driver’s distracted behavior seriously injures another person, they could be charged up to $4,000 in fines and go to jail for up to a year.
The new law is a sobering reminder for Texans to stay alert and attentive on the road, and to drive defensively.


Preferred harvest principles and - regulations amongst willow ptarmigan hunters in Norway
Hunters ’ preferences for diff erent harvest principles and harvest regulations such as season length and harvest quotas provide important knowledge for wildlife management. We report results from a survey of 2788 willow ptarmigan hunters regarding commonly used harvest-principles and -regulations. A harvest quota strategy was the most preferred principle. Hunters were in general more positive to an annual bag, than daily quotas. Age was a particularly strong predictor of the ‘ no winter hunt ’ (after 23 December) regulation, and also a fairly strong predictor for the per annum and per day quota strategies respectively. Th is study has shown that ptarmigan hunters prefer annual quotas, rather than shortened hunting season or reduced number of hunters. We also emphasize the importance of social – ecological systems thinking when adaptive management strategies are developed and that management strategy evaluation models should be used to evaluate these strategies.
ForlagNordic Council for Wildlife Research
SiteringWildlife Biology 20(2014) nr. 5 s. 285-290
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|Title||Demography and regeneration of oaks in the foothill woodlands of central California: a review of the scientific literature|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2006|
|Authors||Tyler, CM, Kuhn, W, Davis, FW|
|Journal||Quarterly Review of Biology|
|Keywords||oak woodland, Quercus, seedling establishment|
We review published studies on the demography and recruitment of California oak trees and focus on the widespread dominant species of the foothill woodlands, Quercus douglasii, Q. lobata, and Q. agrifolia, to ascertain the nature and strength of evidence for a decline in populations of these species. The vast majority of studies have been of short duration (less than three years), focused on the acorn and seedling life stages, and conducted at few locations within each species’ geographic range. We summarize the extensive body of research that has been conducted on the biological and physical factors that limit natural seedling recruitment of oaks. The oak “regeneration problem” has largely been inferred from current stand structure rather than by demographic analyses, which in part reflects the short-term nature of most oak research. When viewed over longer periods of time using field surveys or historical photos, the evidence for a regeneration problem in foothill oaks is mixed. Q. douglasii shows very limited seedling or sapling recruitment at present, but longer term studies do not suggest a decline in tree density, presumably because rare recruitment is sufficient to offset low rates of mortality of overstory individuals. Q. agrifolia appears to be stable or increasing in some areas, but decreasing in areas recently impacted by the disease Phytophthora ramorum. Evidence from the few available studies is more consistent in suggesting long-term declines in foothill populations of Q. lobata. Longterm monitoring, age structure analysis, and population models are needed to resolve the current uncertainty over the sustainability of oak woodlands in California.


Erasmus plus Program
The Erasmus Program (European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University’s Students) is a European Union (EU) student exchange program established in 1987. The Erasmus Mundus program is the parallel program that is oriented towards globalizing European education. Whereas the Erasmus Program is open to Europeans, Erasmus Mundus is open to non-Europeans with Europeans being exceptional cases. Erasmus+, or Erasmus Plus, is the new program combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport, which was started in January 2014.
The main aim of this program is to modernize education and improve opportunities of education for young people. One of the most important actions of this program is to provide international exchange of students and staffs between European countries and other partner countries.
Before mobility (a period of time that the participants spend in a European country) taken place the inter-institutional agreement should be signed and the sending and receiving institutions and the participants must agree on activities that the participants will undertake. There will be learning agreement sets out the study program and a participant’s grant agreement that sets out the financial support.
The sending institution is responsible for selecting the participants and the detail of obligations is mentioned in inter- institutional agreement.
For more detailed the following links are helpful.


National Public Health Week – Celebrating Ten Great Public Health Achievements
Since 1900, the average lifespan of persons in the United States has lengthened by greater than 30 years; 25 years of this gain are attributable to advances in public health (1). Much of that 25-year increase in life expectancy attributed to public health can be tied the 10 of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. These achievements were highlighted in an April 1999, report issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and include the following advancements.
Ten Great Public Health Achievements — United States, 1900-1999
- Vaccinations resulted in the eradication of smallpox; elimination of poliomyelitis in the Americas; and control of measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenza type b, and other infectious diseases in the United States and other parts of the world.
- Improvements in motor-vehicle safety have resulted from engineering efforts to make both vehicles and highways safer and from successful efforts to change personal behavior (e.g., increased use of safety belts, child safety seats, and motorcycle helmets and decreased drinking and driving). These efforts have contributed to large reductions in motor-vehicle-related deaths (2).
- Work-related health problems, such as coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (black lung), and silicosis — common at the beginning of the century — have come under better control. Severe injuries and deaths related to mining, manufacturing, construction, and transportation also have decreased; since 1980, safer workplaces have resulted in a reduction of approximately 40% in the rate of fatal occupational injuries (3).


The Kindertransport (“children’s transports”) is a remarkable story to arise out of the horrors of the Holocaust. Over 10,000 mostly Jewish children could be rescued, because their parents were willing to separate from them. Lilly Maier, Fulbright scholar, historian, and journalist, has researched the history of the Kindertransport for years and interviewed dozens of adults all over the United States who once were the young protagonists of these children’s transports. In this lecture, she will highlight the history and long-term effects of the intervention.
David Friedman’s talent for portraiture played a central role throughout his career and saved his life during the Holocaust. Three curators will discuss a new exhibition of his musician portraits at Deutsches Haus at NYU.
Artist David Friedmann was famous for his portraits of cultural icons in Berlin’s tumultuous 1920s and kept close ties with those most celebrated musicians of his era. Deutsches Haus at NYU and LBI are proud to present an exhibition of recovered pre-war portraits by Jewish artist David Friedmann, capturing members of Berlin’s world famous Philharmonic Orchestra.
Financed by the Third Reich, the Berlin Philharmonic was not only Germany’s flagship orchestra; as a major tool of Propaganda Minister Goebbels, it also became an ambassador for the Nazi regime, particularly on foreign tours. In this documentary the spotlight is on the orchestra itself – the musicians, the people, and their individual destinies.


Applications of Ecosystem Science to Real-world Challenges
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15 | 10:45 A.M. – 12:15 P.M.
Lory Student Center Room 382
The systems framework that underlies ecosystem science is more relevant than ever. Today’s wicked problems require approaches that consider and address the interactions among system components. In this panel, we will explore how the ecosystem science concept is being applied to manipulate the microbiome and develop solutions to environmental challenges. We will also discuss how this science can be translated into action from experts spanning academia and the private sector.
Organizer and Moderator: Dr. Matt Wallenstein, Professor, Ecosystem Science and Sustainability; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory (NREL) Research Scientist
- Dr. Wayne Dorband, Center for Ecolonomic Excellence and Development (CEED)
- Dr. Susan De Long, Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, CSU
- Dr. Bruno Sobral, Director, One Health Institute, CSU
- Dr. Elizabeth Ryan, Associate Professor of Toxicology and Nutrition, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, CSU


What is now Anamosa was founded as the settlement of Buffalo Forks in 1838 and incorporated as Lexington in 1856. Lexington was a popular name for towns at that time, so when Lexington chose to become incorporated as a city in 1877, the name was changed to Anamosa to avoid mail delivery confusion. There are many stories on how Anamosa was chosen as a name. Some believe it was named for a local Native American girl named Anamosa, meaining "white fawn", while others say it means "You walk with me."
The romantic origin of the naming of the town of Anamosa comes from its early history. A Native American family was passing through town in 1842. The family stayed at the Ford House. The little girl, named Anamosa, endeared herself to the townspeople and following the family's departure from town, local citizens decided to name their town after her.
The Wapsipinicon River flows through Anamosa. According to legend, a Native American maiden and her lover threw themselves off a bluff overlooking the Wapsipinicon River; one was named Wapsi, the other Pinicon. Origins of this legend are unconfirmed.
Anamosa was named the Pumpkin Capital of Iowa by the Iowa State Legislature in 1993 and hosts Pumpkinfest, a pumpkin festival and weigh-off, each October.
Anamosa was named the last over-night city for RAGBRAI XL for 2012.
The Anamosa Boot Hill Cemetery is still open today and is northwest of the town.


Mount the net radiometer so that no shadow will be cast on it at any time of day from obstructions such as trees, buildings, the mast, or the structure on which it is mounted.
Campbell Scientific recommends installing a net radiometer in an open area, away from the main weather station structure on a separate vertical mast. If it is necessary to install this sensor on the main tall tower (30 ft or taller), the sensor should be installed at the top of the tower. In the northern hemisphere, the sensor should be facing south. In the southern hemisphere, the sensor should be facing north. If the tower uses a solar power system (that is, solar panels), ensure that the solar panels are installed away from the main tower.


When reading a passage in the Bible, you shouldn't have to wonder where to find supporting reference notes and commentary that go along with it. That's why the HCSB Study Bible - featuring approximately 15,000 study notes - is designed so that every clarifying resource is there on the same page spread as the biblical text to which it refers.
You'll never again forget what you were looking for, because the pertinent note, map, chart, word study or illustration is already there. When an even deeper view is desired, there are also introductions for each book, outlines, timelines, a topical concordance and more.
Features: - 290 word studies, 141 photographs, 62 timelines, 59 maps, 24 articles, 16 illustrations/reconstructions and 15 charts - Four-colour presentation pages - Two-column text setting - One and three-year Bible reading plans - Centre column references - Topical subheads - Black letter text


CedTextParticle display text using particles. A particle system is a technique used to simulate a variety of special visual effects like sparks, dust, smoke, fire, explosions, rain, stars, falling snow, glowing trails, and many others. Basically, a particle system consists of emitters and the particles themselves. The basic idea behind particle system is very simple – by drawing lots of very small squares or circles, which behave individually according to some rules, you can generate a visual effect where the sum of the parts is much more than the parts separately.
WORK IN PROGRESS


This article or section is a stub. Please help Tolkien Gateway by expanding it.
Lenition refers to the mutation of medial consonants, occurring usually between two vowels (VCV). It affected the Old Sindarin sounds p, t, k, b, d, g, m and s.
The sounds w, kh were lenited only at the beginning of a word.
More specifically, the evolution of these sounds can be visualized in these examples:
- p > b: OS *capro > S cabor "frog"
- t > d: OS *atar > S adar "father"
- k > g: OS *akar- > S agar "blood"
- b > v: OS Abóro > S Afor "refuser; Avar"[note 1]
- d > dh: OS *badro > S badhor "brother"
- g > -: OS *jaga > *jaȝa[note 2] > S iâ "abyss"[note 1]
As a consequence, this process took place also in Old Sindarin compounds; even in later compounds that would be pure Sindarin, the lenition occurred as a rule, envisioning retroactively the lenition process from Old Sindarin.
For example the word athrabeth "debate, converse; lit. 'across-word') can be analyzed both as a derivative of OS word *athrapettha but also as a compound of Sindarin words athra- "across" + peth "word".
The fact that the above sounds mutated when medially was solidified as a rule
- thind + coll > Thingol (< ?OS *Thindakollo)
- cair + tân > Cirdan (< ?OS *Kiriatâno)
- fanui + dol > Fanuidhol (< ?OS *Fanoidolo)
- ar- + gwend > Arwen (< ?OS *Arwende)
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Similar softening occurred in Quenya also.
- ↑ The intermediate stage of g to extinction was yogh


|Location: James River
History of location: Major tributary of the southern Chesapeake Bay. History of regular significant spat settlement of high intensity and significant seed and market oyster production prior to MSX.
Current status: Low population levels on Baylor and private grounds subject to consistent disease (MSX and Dermo) mortality. Cultch condition on Baylor Grounds is variable within region from poor to good. Two sentinel sites present. Regular data collection from other sites. Data are held by VIMS and VMRC.
Recent restoration activity (reefs and other) to date: One reef built in 1993. Occasional seed movement.
Restoration potential: Limited because of consistent disease risk.


AdSense - Google AdSense
AdSense (Google AdSense) is an advertising placement service by Google. The program is designed for website publishers who want to display targeted text, video or image advertisements on website pages and earn money when site visitors view or click the ads.
The advertisements are controlled and managed by Google and Web publishers simply need to create a free AdSense account and copy and paste provided code to display the ads. Revenue using AdSense is generated on a per-click or per-impression basis. It is free to become a verified website publisher in the Google AdSense program.
Google currently offers a number of different AdSense programs, depending on the type of content you will place the ads on (e.g. webpage or RSS feed). Some of the more common programs include:
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