First Olympic Appearance: 1964 (men); 1992 (women)
by Mike Morrison and Mark Zurlo
Did You Know?
Despite the fact that judo means, "the gentle way," it is the only Olympic sport where choking and breaking an opponent's arm is legal.
According to the rulebook, judoka must "be clean and have dry skin and short finger nails and toe nails. They must also be free from body odor."
While many other martial arts focus more on punching and kicking, judo is a mix of strength, flexibility, and using a competitor's strength, weight, and momentum against him or her. Technique and balance, rather than power, is the key.
Judo contests last a maximum of five minutes. To win the contest a judoka (or competitor) must score an Ippon (10 points) by using a successful technique. Lesser scores such as waza-ari (7 points), yuko (5 points) and koka (3 points), can be awarded when a technique does not warrant an Ippon. Two waza-ari add up to an Ippon. Yuko and koka do not add up. Athletes may also receive penalties. The winner is the athlete who has scored the greatest points at the completion of five minutes.
In the case of a tie, the referee will extend the match by three minutes. The first competitor to score during the "Golden Score" period (first instituted in the 2004 Olympic Games) wins.
Both the men's and women's competitions are broken up into seven weight classes each. The classes are—extra lightweight (the limit is 132 pounds for men, 106 for women), half lightweight (143 and 115), lightweight (157 and 123), half middleweight (172 and 134), middleweight (190 and 146), half heavyweight (209 and 159), and heavyweight (over-209 and over-159).
The judo competition in London will be held July 28-Aug. 3 at the ExCel center, the largest of the Olympic venues.
- Did you know?
- For more than a billion Muslims around the world, Ramadan is a "month of blessing" marked by prayer, fasting, and charity.


Impact of a reduced red and processed meat dietary pattern on disease risks and greenhouse gas emissions in the UK: a modelling study
The gist of the study is that people who eat red and processed meat are more likely to get colorectal cancer and heart disease, and meat leads to more CO2 production than vegetarianism.
Conclusions: Reduced consumption of RPM [red and processed meat] would bring multiple benefits to health and environment.
Naturally, this means forceful lifestyle modification is on its way...
Climate change mitigation is a far-future benefit that may not directly affect those who must make lifestyle changes now. It is therefore unlikely to be a strong motivator for change. In contrast, health benefits provide near-term rewards to individuals for climate-friendly changes and may thus ‘nudge’ humanity towards a sustainable future.
Dietary recommendations should no longer be based on direct health effects alone. While the UK government has acknowledged the environmental impact of livestock production and is taking action with the industry to improve efficiency, changes in production will be insufficient alone to meet challenging emission reduction targets. Joint producer and consumer responsibility is needed, supported by the use of both production- and consumption-based GHG accounts.
Averting dangerous climate change will require multiple changes at all levels of society, and the potential contribution of reduced RPM consumption should be addressed.
And so it begins. My money's on a meat tax being the first policy recommendation. Governments do like a tax.
We tried to warn you, etc.


Beautiful color illustrations play an important role in this engaging book, as readers are asked to make predictions about the animals they see peeking above the water.
This story recounts the main character's search for food in the woods. Colorful illustrations support the text to help readers identify characters, setting, and the sequence of events.
Readers can use illustrations and questions from the text in this book about a dog to make and confirm predictions. The humorous story and illustrations keep emergent readers interested.
Readers use the amusing illustrations in this book to help comprehend the text and identify the sequence of events during a trip to the zoo.
In this story, readers follow a raccoon character through a sequence of events. The combination of text and engaging illustrations allows readers to predict and evaluate the character's actions.
The engaging illustrations in this book are designed to hook reluctant readers. Questions posed in the text prompt readers to make and confirm predictions about the story.
Readers evaluate the actions of the main character, a zoo monkey, in this humorous story. Amusing illustrations hook reluctant readers and help them visualize the action in the story.


Sleep does a lot to improve our overall health. It allows our brain to repair as well as other vital organs in our body. During sleep chemicals that help improve our immune system start to circulate in our bodies helping repair and fight harmful disease and infection.
Many factors contribute to women needing more sleep. Some say women tend to multitask more than men, causing them to need to use their brains more. Others say the chemical make up of a women's body just requires more sleep to function properly. Women are the only ones that can bring life into this world, so that could be evidence there.
On average women need at least 20 minutes more of sleep than men.


January 1 is probably the world’s most celebrated public holiday. In each time zone, as the new year starts at the stroke of midnight, it is invariably greeted with fireworks.
The first month of the year, January, is named after Janus, the Roman god who had two faces, one looking forward and the other looking backward. The Romans dedicated New Year’s Day to Janus, the god of gates, doors, and beginnings. This suggests that New Year’s celebrations are founded on pagan traditions.
The Julian calendar used in the Roman Empire since 45 BC, as well as the Gregorian calendar also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar that refined the Julian calendar in 1582 have January 1 as the first day of the year.
Later on, January 1, the New Year’s Day, was liturgically marked the Feast of the Circumcision of Jesus in the Gregorian calendar of Christendom. The Anglican and Lutheran churches celebrate the Feast of the Circumcision of Jesus on January 1, based on the belief that if Jesus was born on December 25, then according to Jewish tradition, his circumcision would have taken place on the eighth day of his life (January 1).
The Roman Catholic Church considers New Year’s Day as a Holy Day of Obligation and celebrates the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, on this day.
- New Year’s Day (en.wikipedia.org)
- Gregorian calendar (en.wikipedia.org)
- How January 1 Became the First Day of the Year (dotwillis.wordpress.com)
- That Auld Lang Syne (reelvoice2013.wordpress.com)
- A Historical Look Into The Origins Of “New Years” (ancestryspecialistblog.wordpress.com)
- Happy New Years (cfagenbush.com)


from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A house having heat-absorbing material behind large glass areas, designed to use solar radiation for heating.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. a house designed to use solar radiation for heating; usually has large areas of glass in front of heat-absorbing materials
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Sorry, no example sentences found.


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The United States District Courts are the trial courts of the federal court system. Within limits set by Congress and the Constitution, the District Courts have jurisdiction to hear nearly all categories of federal cases, including both civil and criminal matters.
District Court Judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate, as stated in Article III of the Constitution. The Senate Judiciary Committee typically conducts confirmation hearings for each nominee. District Judges are appointed for a life term, and may take senior status when they reach the following age and service requirements: age + years of service equal 80, at least 65 years old, and at least 10 years of service. Senior Judges continue to provide substantial service to the Court, but may choose to have a reduced case load or restrict the types of cases they hear. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa has three District Judges and three Senior Judges.
U.S. Magistrate Judges are judicial officers of the District Court and are appointed by majority vote of the active District Judges of the Court to exercise jurisdiction over matters assigned by statute as well as those delegated by the District Judges. A full-time Magistrate Judge serves a term of eight years, and may be appointed to additional terms. Duties assigned to Magistrate Judges by District Court Judges may vary considerably from court to court. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa has three Magistrate Judges.


Condensation vs. cloud services
Cloud storage is ubiquitous, and has a lot of practical advantages. Users have access to their data anywhere, at any time, and on all their devices. Condensation offers all these advantages, too, but uses a different model.
Common cloud model
Common cloud storage services encrypt the data for transmission, but decrypt it on the server. Data transformation such as indexing is carried out on the server, and index queries require a connection to the server:
Data sharing is implemented using access rights management on the server.
Note that some cloud storage services re-encrypt the data on their storage systems. This offers some security benefits to the provider, but does not substantially increase data security for the user.
Condensation relies on end-to-end encryption:
The server is used for storage only. It does not possess the encryption keys, and therefore cannot decrypt the data.
Data transformations are carried out on the client, and the result (e.g., the index) is end-to-end encrypted and stored just like any other data. As a side effect, index queries can be performed locally.
Data sharing is implemented through a message passing scheme. The sender thereby encrypts the data using the public key of the receiver rather than his own public key.
Similarly, data can be sent to (trusted) remote services for processing.


Educational curriculums can vary from state to state and even from one school to another. The following Early Childhood Lesson Guidelines are provided to assist you in teaching your children with a general sense of what they should be learning at his or her particular age.
It's important to consider that every child is unique and will learn at their own pace and individual style. It is recommended that as you teach them, you acknowledge their accomplishments and strengths while providing encouragement throughout the learning process. If your child has special needs or is delayed in a particular area, please consult with a qualified specialist for your particular need.
Learning the Alphabet
A complete set of worksheets specifically designed to help teach each letter of the alphabet - starting from the most basic concept of the letter shape to the introduction of the most common sound.


Objective: To estimate flavonoid intake in the Australian population. Design: Flavonoid consumption was estimated from 24-hour recall data and apparent consumption data using US Department of Agriculture flavonoid composition data. Subjects: The National Nutrition Survey 1995 assessed dietary intake (24-hour recall) in a representative sample (n = 13858) of the Australian population aged 2 years and over. Results: Analysis of the 24-hour recall data indicated an average adult intake (> 18 years) of 454 mg day-1 (92% being flavan-3-ols). Apple was the highest quercetin source until age 16-18 years, after which onion became an increasingly important prominent source. Variations in hesperetin consumption reflected orange intake. Apple, apricot and grapes were the major sources of epicatechin and catechin for children, but subsided as wine consumption increased in adulthood. Wine was the main source of malvidin. Naringenin intake remained static as a percentage of total flavonoid intake until age 19-24 years, corresponding to orange intake, and then increased with age from 19-24 years, corresponding to grapefruit intake. Apparent dietary flavonoid consumption was 351 mg person-1 day-1, of which 75% were flavan-3-ols. Black tea was the major flavonoid source (predominantly flavan-3-ols) representing 70% of total intake. Hesperetin and naringenin were the next most highly consumed flavonoids, reflecting orange intake. Both 24-hour recall and apparent consumption data indicated that apigenin intake was markedly higher in Australia than reported in either the USA or Denmark, presumably due to differences in consumption data for leaf and stalk vegetables and parsley. Conclusions: Tea was the major dietary flavonoid source in Australia. Flavonoid consumption profiles and flavonoid sources varied according to age. More consistent methodologies, survey tools validated for specific flavonoid intakes and enhanced local flavonoid content data for foods would facilitate better international comparisons of flavonoid intake.


Pregnant women are under constant pressure to ensure they are leading a healthy lifestyle during the nine months to the birth of their baby – and with all these things to remember, it is likely they could forget about their oral health.
Dental professionals have been reminded of their responsibility to make sure expectant mothers are doing all they can to keep their teeth and gums in top condition, as failure to do so could lead to several health problems.
A new study carried out in the US has suggested that women with periodontal disease may be at risk of adverse outcomes to their pregnancy, including giving birth to a premature or low birth weight little one.
If they fail to get treatment for the condition, which is also known as gum disease, females could suffer tooth loss, while increasing the chances of developing other health conditions – such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
The findings are not the first time poor oral health has been linked to pregnancy problems such as low birth weight, which has been linked to long-term health problems such as delayed motor skills or learning disabilities.
Dentists are advised to inform and educate pregnant women about the dangers of poor oral health through dental marketing – including leaflets and posters – in order to encourage them to attend regular check ups throughout their gestation.
Dr Nancy Newhouse, a practicing periodontist in Independence, Missouri, said: “Symptoms include gums that bleed with toothbrushing or eating, gums that are pulling away from the teeth, bad breath, and loose teeth.
“These signs, especially during pregnancy, should not be ignored and may require treatment from a dental professional.”
Additional health issues that can occur after a pre-term birth include respiratory problems, vision and hearing loss, as well as feeding and digestive ailments.


Natural Toxins and Chemopreventives in Plants
Contribution to Book
William Helferich and Carl K. Winter
CRC Press, Inc.
Our food contains, in addition to the many well-known major (protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber) and minor (vitamins, minerals, and nonessential compounds) nutrients, thousands of naturally present toxic plant compounds. Some are known or strongly suspected to cause cancer in laboratory animals and, thus, may be potentially carcinogenic in people. Many of these compounds are commonly termed "nature's pesticides" because they are often toxic to predators, such as insects and animals, thereby conferring a competitive advantage to the plant that produces them. Other natural toxins in plants have no known role. Although these chemicals are in every meal we eat, they have received little attention compared to that given to minute residues of synthetic chemicals such as PCBs and pesticides. Our food contains significantly greater amounts of natural plant toxins and carcinogens than the synthetic kind, and our bodies aren't able to distinguish between the two. Still, while popular notion remains that "natural is good," it is clear that natural toxins pose a far greater health risk than that posed by synthetic chemicals in our foods.
Coulombe, R.A., Jr. (2000) Natural Toxins and Chemopreventives in Plants, In B. Helferich and C. Winter (eds.) Food Toxicology. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fl. pp. 137-161.


Nature as First Custom: Hayek on the Evolution of Social Rules
26 Pages Posted: 15 Nov 2009 Last revised: 19 Feb 2018
Questions about the nature of informal social rules have become a major focus of attention in legal theory in recent decades. Friedrich Hayek worked out a systematic explanation of the emergence and dynamics of informal social rules that is multi-layered, accounting for the social rules and institutions we see in terms of deeper levels which are increasingly less obvious to the casual observer. The explanation relies on three fundamental ideas: the idea of a rule (and rule-following), of spontaneous order, and of evolution. The three ideas are interdependent parts of a single, integrated explanatory scheme, designed to show that key elements of social life are ordered — not the product of some designer, but rather the unintended consequences of impersonal and external forces operating on behavior and thought of human beings directed to other ends and purposes. Hayek’s theory of social evolution tells a story of rule-formation, rule-transformation, rule-transmission, and group rule-adoption. It introduces a level of complexity and a set of problems not encountered in biological evolution, for he seeks to explain the emergence and establishment of social rules in a group. To do this he must explain (i) how it is that rules emerge, which (ii) are social rules and (iii) the same rules across individuals, which (iv) then spread through the group as a whole. It is argued that he fails in the second and third of these tasks.
Keywords: social rules, Hayek
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


Shigellosis Increase Prompts Health Department Warning
Since May, the Douglas County Health Department has investigated 50 confirmed cases of Shigella sonnei (shigellosis) infection, including four that involved hospitalizations. In eight of the nine previous years, Douglas County reported 31 or fewer cases.
Symptoms of shigellosis can range from loose, watery stools with no other symptoms to bloody diarrhea with fever and cramps. People experiencing diarrhea should remain home from school or work until at least 24 hours after their symptoms stop. Anyone with diarrhea should not prepare food or drink for others.
“Hand washing is absolutely critical to controlling any disease that involves diarrhea,” Health Director Dr. Adi Pour said. “It is especially important to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds after changing diapers or using the bathroom, since it takes only a small exposure to pass along the disease.”
Forty-one percent of these recent shigellosis cases involved children less than 5 years old and 29 percent were between 5 and 9 years old. Most of the cases, 62 percent, have been associated with child care settings.
It is also important for anyone who has been sick to stay out of swimming pools and water parks for a week after they have recovered. Most of the recent Douglas County cases are linked to day care facilities, but swallowing pool water is another way shigellosis may be transmitted.
For additional information about Shigella, click here.


“Between Heroism and Despair: Opportunities and Barriers for Women in the Early Korean Catholic Church.”
Deberniere Torrey, Assistant Professor in the Department of World Languages and Cultures, explores early Korean Catholic texts as indicators of identity, cultural hybridity, and epistemic shift in Korea prior to its opening to the modern world.
In nineteenth-century Korea, Catholic ideology and practice allowed women to act with greater agency than was typical outside the Church under the strict Confucian norms of pre-modern Korean society. Yet instances of self-determined activity among Catholic women, such as choosing the vocation of celibacy, decreased in the latter half of the nineteenth century as the Church became more established. Some scholars argue that this apparent decrease connects to patriarchal or critical views of women in the Catholic teaching of the time, while others argue that the circumstances of persecution compelled the clergy to restrict the activities of women to avoid unwanted attention that would invite persecution. This paper revisits the discussion of this apparent shift by examining the cases of three Catholic women to illuminate additional nuances. It argues that the contrasting reasons given for this decrease in agency could easily be mutually reinforcing, and that evidence suggests an additional reason: concern about soul salvation.
“Between Heroism and Despair: Opportunities and Barriers for Women in the Early Korean Catholic Church.” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies 23.4 (December, 2017): 421-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2017.1384904


* (multiplication) operator yields the product of its
arguments. The arguments must either both be numbers, or one argument
must be an integer (plain or long) and the other must be a
sequence. In the former case, the numbers are converted to a common
type and then multiplied together. In the latter case, sequence
repetition is performed; a negative repetition factor yields an empty
To support this operator in your own classes, implement the __mul__ method.


Tenses are one of the most complex yet very important aspects of English grammar subject. Check out this simple future tense quiz, if you think you have a good understanding of the tenses and their form, then you must c. Here, we...
Questions: 12 | Attempts: 36429 | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022
In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. Understand the future tense more by taking this quiz.
Questions: 10 | Attempts: 5579 | Last updated: Mar 21, 2022


1.14.14 | Detail
In reading Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, I have noticed a painstaking amount of detail put simply into the description of the environment. Charles Dickens also wrote with such detail in his novels, but I believe that Shelley intended to emphasize the brilliance of nature in contrast to the seemingly grotesque monster of Frankenstein. Frankenstein’s monster can appreciate the sublimity of nature even in the midst of the contempt humans have for him. His creator has an affinity for nature, where the elements of nature metaphorically represent his state of mind. Nature is the one thing that neither of these characters can be rid of, or be rid from.
Igor Stravinsky’s musical work, Petrushka, presents a narrative in which a puppet is brought to life only to find suffering and a hasty death. Ironically, the piece takes on a joyous mood more often than not. The puppet is a ballerina’s lover, but is disappointed to find that she has eyes only for a Moor. In the four tableaux (characteristic sections of the entire piece), the puppet is illustrated with intense humanization, much of which underlines his sorrow and conflict with the Moor. However, Petrushka is brought to life with the setting of this ballet set to music. The piece traverses a lively fair in the first tableau, a dark cell in the second tableau, the Moor’s room in the third tableau, and the restatement of the fair in the fourth and final tableau.
Petrushka is not of a simple programmatic nature, but is quite unique in the relatively unorthodox methods of the composer to intertwine human character with environment.
Original orchestral work:
Abridged piano transcription (by the composer):


Monkey jack and Gumihan
Monkey Jack (Artocarpus rigidus Blume)
Gumihan (Artocarpus sericicarpus)
Unknown to many, the jackfruit and the breadfruit have relatives which bear delicious fruits and provide fairly good sources of timber. These species are the monkey jack and the “gumihan.” They play an important role in the natural vegetationin South-East Asia providing food , fiber, and medicinal products.
The monkey jack is an evergreen tree which grows up to 35 m high. It has a gray bark which peels off in flakes. Leaves are oblong, dark green with prominent veins underneath. Numerous and small flowers are densely packed together forming the male and female heads which are produced separately within the same tree. Fruit is round, 7-13 cm wide, with thick, tapering spines, thick skin, and dull orange. Inside the fruit is the orange, sweet, waxy, and pleasant tasting pulp which surrounds the seeds.
The gumihan, on the other hand, is a medium-to-large-sized tree growing up to 40 m tall. The leaves are large, dark green, and hairy underneath. Fruit is roundish, 4-5 cmlong and 4 cm wide, orange yellow and covered with lon, coarse, thread-like hairs. The skin is thick and fleshy. The pulp is whitish, sweet, juic, aromatic and of fair to good flavor. Seeds are many, roundish and separate readily from the flesh. Continue reading “Monkey jack and Gumihan”


An arteriogram is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries. It can be used to see arteries in the heart, brain, kidney, and many other parts of the body.
The procedure is often called angiography.
Aortic angiography Cerebral angiography Coronary angiography Extremity arteriography Fluorescein angiography Lymphangiogram Pulmonary angiography Renal arteriography
How the test is performed
The test is done in a medical facility designed to perform this test. The exact procedure depends on the part of the body being examined.
You may receive a sedative to help you relax.
In general, a dye called contrast material is injected into an artery or vein, depending on the body part being examined. Injection into an artery takes more preparation and care, and is most often done through the groin. X-rays are taken to see how the dye flows through your bloodstream.
How to prepare for the test
How you should prepare depends on the part of the body being examined. Your health care provider may tell you to stop taking certain drugs that could affect the test. In most cases, you may not be able to eat or drink anything for a few hours before the test.
How the test will feel
You may have some discomfort from a needle stick. Depending upon the type of arteriogram being performed, you may have a variety of symptoms when the health care provider injects the contrast material. For example, you may have flushing in the face or other parts of the body.
If you had an injection in your groin area, you will usually be asked to lie flat on your back for a few hours after the test to avoid bleeding. This may cause some back discomfort.
Why the test is performed
An arteriogram is done to see how blood moves through the arteries, and to check for any blocked or damaged arteries. Sometimes, treatments can be done at the same time as an arteriogram.


Swiss, born 1901
Buste de Diego (Bust of Diego) circa 1954
Collection Walker Art Center
Gift of the T. B. Walker Acquisition Fund, 1957
From the age of 14, Alberto Giacometti (pronounced "jocko-metty") made many portrait busts using his younger brother, Diego, as a model. A bust is a sculpture of a person's head and shoulders. In Bust de Diego, the artist portrays more than the realistic features of his brother, who was his assistant, critic, and friend, in order to show Diego's true character. He shaped clay to make the figure appear narrow, lean, and tall from the front with a more lifelike profile from the side. Later the form was cast in bronze. Giacometti was well known for his style that combines a rough, bumpy surface with stretched-out figures that stand alone.
© 1999 Walker Art


C# (aka C Sharp)
analysis on the operating system/programming language
C# (aka C Sharp) is the programming language selected for this discussion.
Threading is very common with this language and “the program begins by creating an object of type Alpha (oAlpha) and a thread (oThread) that references the Beta method of the Alpha class. The thread is then started. The IsAlive property of the thread allows the program to wait until the thread is initialized (Threading, N.d.)”. One thing to take not with this language is one does not have to “stop or free the thread”. It claimed to be accomplish mechanically via “.NET framework”. (Threading, N.d.).
According to the article from Stackoverflow, it is not up to “C# itself, but rather the runtime - CLR. .NET can be considered to support two modes: User or Hybrid” (Stackoverflow, N.d.). “Direct kernel mode threading is not allowed, because managed code does not have privileges to run in the kernel mode. It can only call Windows API, which in turn switch into the kernel mode (Stackoverflow, N.d.)”.
There are many advantages and disadvantages with threading and this would be true for all programming languages and operating systems.
The advantages for threading is the allowance of multiple people to access the same program at the same time; the use for less servers; “Simplified coding of remote procedure calls; Improved performance and concurrency” (Bea, N.d.).
Threading is very beneficial but there are more difficulties getting to this point. The disadvantages in regards to threading is the matter with “writing the code; debugging; testing; and difficulty of porting existing code” (Bea, N.d.). Porting the existing code means the programmer must “remove static variables, replace any function calls that are not thread-safe, replace any other code that is not thread-safe. Because the completed port must be tested and re-tested, the work required to port a multithreaded and/or multicontexted application is substantial (Bea, N.d.)”.


|Online Judge||Problem Set||Authors||Online Contests||User|
Tower of Hanoi
The Tower of Hanoi is a puzzle consisting of three pegs and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any peg. The puzzle starts with the disks neatly stacked in order of size on one peg, the smallest at the top, thus making a conical shape. The objective of the puzzle is to move the entire stack to another peg, obeying the following rules:
For n disks, it is a well-known result that the optimal solution takes 2n − 1 moves.
To complicate the puzzle a little, we allow multiple disks to be of the same size. Moreover, equisized disks are mutually distinguishable. Their ordering at the beginning should be preserved at the end, though it may be disturbed during the process of solving the puzzle.
Given the number of disks of each size, compute the number of moves that the optimal solution takes.
The input contains multiple test cases. Each test case consists of two lines. The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 100, 1 ≤ m ≤ 106). The second lines contains n integers a1, a2, …, an (1 ≤ a1, a2, …, an ≤ 105). For each 1 ≤ i ≤ n, there are ai disks of size i. The input ends where EOF is met.
For each test case, print the answer modulo m on a separate line.
1 1000 2 5 1000 1 1 1 1 1 5 1000 2 2 2 2 2 5 1000 1 2 1 2 1
3 31 123 41
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2 AP test questions I can't seem to solve
Hi, the AP test is approaching and I'm struggling with these two Calculus questions and need some guidance. If you can provide a general (or detailed if possible =)) explanation on how you solved the problem, or the strategy you used for the problem, I would be extremely grateful. Solving even just one part will help me immensely! So here goes...
1. Let f and g be the functions given by f(x)=e^x and g(x) = ln(x)
a. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g between x = 1/2 and x=1.
b. Find the volume of the solid generated when the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g between x= 1/2 and x=1 is revolved around the line y=4.
c. Let h be the function given by h(x) = f(x) - g(x). Find the absolute minimum value of h(x) on the closed interval [1/2,1] and find the absolute maximum value of h(x) on the closed interval [1/2,1].
t(minutes) 0 2 5 7 11 12
r ' (t) (feet/min) 5.7 4.0 2.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 (Note: this is a table)
The volume of a spherical hot air balloon expands as the air inside the balloon is heated. The radius of the balloon, in feet, is modeled by a twice-differentiable function r of time t, where t is measured in minutes. For 0<t<12, the graph of r is concave down. The table above gives seleceted values of the rate of change, r ' (t), of the radius of the balloon over the time interval [0,12]. The radius of the balloon is 30 feet when t = 5. (Note: The volume of a sphere of radius r is given by V = 4/3(pi)(r^3).
a. Find the rate of change of the volume of the balloon with respect to time when t=5. Indicate units of measure.
b. Use a right reimann sum with the five subintervals indicated by the data in the table to approximate the integral(antidifferentiation) from 0 to 12 of r ' (t) dt.
c. Using the correct units, explain the meaning of your solution from part b in terms of the radius of the balloon.
So there it is...any help is appreciated, good luck, and thanks in advance :X


Paper Plate Education
Activity: Globe at Night
Globe at Night is a worldwide campaign to observe and record the magnitude of visible stars in a common constellation, such as Orion. The limiting magnitude suggests the level of light pollution at the observing site, which the observer can compare to global sites. In this activity, you mark Orion's brightest stars on a plate, then fill in the constellation's outline with the stars you can see. Compare your plate with the Globe at Night magnitude charts, and draw your picture of Orion.
Print a chart of Orion with a limiting magnitude of 2.5, which will show the major stars that define Orion--the three "belt stars" plus Betelgeuse, Rigel, Bellatrix, and Saiph. If you are using planetarium software to print Orion's outline, set the field of view to about 25 degrees.
Tape the printed outline onto a stack of plates to make multiple copies. Here, dark plates are used to simulate the night sky. At a drill press, drill holes through the seven stars, similar to the Platisphere activity.
When you go outside to observe Orion, rotate the plate so that the holes align with the stars you see. The angle of the constellation will vary with your latitude and the date. Next, mark all of the additional stars that you see within Orion's boundary in their respective positions on the plate.
Copyright ©2012 Chuck Bueter. All rights reserved.


Epidendrum micronocturnum Carnevali & G.A.Romero 1996GROUP Nocturnum SUBGROUP Nocturnum Photo By © Gerardo Torres and Flickr Photo Website
Common Name or Meaning The Small Nocturnum Epidendrum
Flower Size .8" [2 cm]
Found in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and Guyana at elevations around 300 to 900 meters as a miniature sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte or lithophyte with simple, cane-like, laterally compressed towards the apex, terete at the base stems carrying 2 to 6, distributed along the apical half of the stem, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, obtuse, slightly carinate, mucronate, basally clasping leaves that blooms at any time of the year on a terminal, racemose, becoming pluriracemose over the years, successively single, several flowered inflorescence with much shorter than the ovary, amplexicaul, triangular, acute to acuminate floral bracts.
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ;
Orchids of Venezuela [An illustrated field guide] Vol. 1 Ramiro and Carnevali 2000 drawing fide; Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol 7 Steyermark, Berry, Yatskievych and Holst 2003; Icones Orchidacearum 13 Plate 1350 Hagsater 2010 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 13 Plate 1356 Hagsater 2010 drawing fide; Icones Orchidacearum 13 Plate 1357 Hagsater 2010 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 13 Plate 1358 Hagsater 2010 see recognition section; Orquideas de Roirama Luz & Franco 2012 photo fide;


November marks the beginning of CEI’s Shark Research and Conservation Program’s third field expedition for the Historic Bahamian Shark Abundance Project. Led by Shark Research and Conservation Program Director, Edd Brooks, and Jeff Stein, Senior Research Scientist from the University of Illinois, the project is replicating a series of fisheries-independent longline surveys, which took place over 30 years ago, from 1975-1982.The original dataset was collected by Captain Stephen Connett of the vessel R/V Geronimo, which conducted the initial surveys on the shallow bank known as “the bridge,” that connects the southern tip of Eleuthera to the northern tip of Cat Island. The initial surveys documented a total of six species, however the majority of the catch was dominated by tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) at 54% of the catch, and Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) at 33%.
Funding for four expeditions to the bridge was obtained in 2011 and to date two have been completed. Preliminary analysis of data from the previous expeditions (November 2011, March 2012) is already providing us with some valuable results. After 12 scientific longline sets the crew has caught 84 sharks from three species and has documented a shift in the assemblage compared to the historical dataset. Now, Caribbean reef sharks represent 67% of the catch and tiger sharks only 31%.
A few days ago the team reconvened at CEI to start the third, two-week expedition. One day of sampling had been completed before the weather deteriorated. Two reef sharks were caught and tagged and a large (2.5 m) blue shark (Prionace glauca) was spotted circling the boat, a rare sighting as this is typically a temperate species. The weather is due to get better on Sunday morning when the team will return to the bridge so stay tuned for more updates!
-Stephanie Liss, Master’s Student at the University of Illinois, Research Associate on Historic Shark Projectby


The Humane Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems
234 руб.Купить в Ozon.ru
This unique guide to interactive system design reflects the experience and vision of Jef Raskin, the creator of the Apple Macintosh project. Other books may show how to use today's widgets and interface ideas effectively. Raskin, however, demonstrates that many current interface paradigms are dead ends, and that to make computers significantly easier to use requires new approaches. He explains how to effect desperately needed changes, offering a wealth of innovative and specific interface ideas for software designers, developers, and product managers. The Apple Macintosh helped to introduce a previous revolution in computer interface design, drawing on the best available technology to establish many of the interface techniques and methods now universal in the computer industry. With this book, Raskin proves again both his farsightedness and his practicality. He also demonstrates how design ideas must be built on a scientific basis, presenting just enough cognitive psychology to link the interface of thefuture to the experimental evidence and to show why that interface will work. Raskin observes that our honeymoon with digital technology is over: We are tired of having to learn huge, arcane programs to do even the simplest of tasks; we have had our fill of crashing computers; and we are fatigued by the continual pressure to upgrade. The Humane Interface delivers a way for computers, information appliances, and other technology-driven products to continue to advance in power and expand their range of applicability, while becoming free of the hassles and obscurities that plague present products.


Sweden – Vattenfall has set lofty goals for dealing with wind turbine blades that have reached the end of their useful lives. There has been an immediate commitment to a landfill ban on dismantled wind turbine blades.
Over the next decade, there will be a lot of effort put towards boosting the recycling rate of wind turbine components.
Vattenfall’s objective is to enable fossil-free life within one generation, and a major increase in wind energy is a critical component to achieving this. Vattenfall places a high priority on decreasing environmental impacts and managing all resources properly to ensure this is done in a sustainable manner. As a result, Vattenfall has established certain goals for how to dispose of wind turbine blades that have reached the end of their useful life:
- An immediate decision on landfill ban on decommissioned wind turbine blades from owned wind farms and committing to re-use, recycle or recover 100 percent of decommissioned blades
- A 50 percent recycling rate of wind turbine blades by 2025
- A 100 percent recycling rate of wind turbine blades by 2030
To meet the ambitious aim, Vattenfall, among others, supports research on composite waste material recycling and encourages the use of recycled composite material in new products. Furthermore, a long-term approach will be implemented that will focus on all areas of the circular economy, such as supporting the recyclability of wind blades by design, thereby enhancing the value of the recycled material at the end of life.
The ability to achieve total recycling of wind turbine blades is dependent on factors such as technological advancement, policy backing, and governmental incentives. In order to drive the business toward a sustainable end-of-life solution for wind turbine blades, Vattenfall will continue to enhance its participation in cross-industry conversations at the national and EU levels.


(ORDO NEWS) — Experts from the University of Curtin, after further research, concluded that the very first black hole found is much larger. The object is a real embodiment of the horror and power of space.
The hole turned out to be so massive that some of the astrophysical laws were questioned. There are stellar systems where several stars orbit around a common center of mass.
The mass of black holes in such systems usually does not exceed 20 solar masses, in our case, this figure is 21 solar masses. These results made everyone think seriously.
Despite numerous studies, experts have not been able to study the orbit of the black hole around its partner star in the Cygnus X-1 star system.
With the help of an ultra-long baseline antenna array, which includes 10 radio telescopes, it was possible to find out that the diameter of the black hole is 117 kilometers, and the mass is 60 times that of the sun. What fate awaits the system after the death of the stars is difficult to say.
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Last week we explored DHEA, the hormone that helps keep cortisol in check among other things. If you didn’t get a chance to read it you can catch up here. Cortisol is a hormone you may have heard swung around the traps as if it were the Coca-Cola of neurotransmitters – that is, it’s not one bit good for you. But as you’ll learn, it’s quite the contrary. Cortisol is one of the many hormones we all need that performs many functions we must tap into to survive. The issue of modern living is that cortisol is way too often out of control, much like King Kong on a bad day.
Cortisol, produced by your adrenal glands which sit above the kidneys, is that hormone that helps to manage things like digestion as it regulates hunger and cravings. It’s also important to regulate blood pressure, our sleep/wake homeostasis AND where you might have heard it mentioned most, it’s ability to help us cope with stress.


Stuttgart castle .The Old Castle is located in the centre of Stuttgart, the capital of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. It dates back to the 10th century.
The first castle dated back to around 950 when Stuttgart was a settlement for breeding horses; it was built to guard the Stutengarten of the stud. In the 14th century it became the residence of the Counts of Württemberg and the court chamber (Hofkammer) of the House of Württemberg. In the 16th century dukes Christopher and Ludwig ordered it to be converted into a Renaissance palace or schloss; work which was carried out from 1553 to 1578. It was at this time (1560) that the equestrian staircase was built by Blasius Berwart. In 1562 the palace church was consecrated and the conference hall furnished. The moats around the castle were filled in during the 18th century.


Land use practices will have a significant effect on the management of rangeland and the sustainable use of natural resources in dryland areas. Much of the empirical work elsewhere indicates that the change in land use in pastoral and agropastoral areas has a strong link with the nature of land tenure in place and the influence of other policy related factors (Unruh, 1995; Lane, 1998; Muhereza and Otim, 2002; Mwangi, 2005; Abdulahi, 2007). But there is ambiguity on the factors that necessitate adoption of a particular land use mainly in pastoral inhabited drylands where the influence of the state and its land use policies are still believed to be minimal or are lacking (Gebreselassie, 2006). This increases the need to examine those factors that possibly contribute to land use change, the influence they will have on household food security and their effect on the sustainable use of natural resources in pastoral areas.
Examining the way land resources are used and managed does not only generate evidence on current land use practices and associated problems but also help examine the prospect of ensuring food security in the long-term. Being pessimistic with the emerging land use patterns in pastoral and agropastoral systems favoring crop farming, a number of studies recommend for the need to evaluate the effect of current land uses on food security and sustainable management of the pastoral drylands (Lane, 1998). This pessimism is rooted in the fact that farming serves as a coping strategy rather than adaptation measure to pursue permanent livelihood strategy (Haug, 2002). Such studies step into critics without examining the causes for a shift in land use in the semi-arid regions. This study asserts that challenges related to food security can be met if changes in land use ensure removal of constraints in rangeland management and support equitable distribution of gains from joint efforts among the vulnerable pastoral/agropastoral communities


The Magical Tree
A Children’s Book Inspired by Gustav Klimt
Inspired by Klimt’s famous mural The Tree of Life, this dreamily illustrated children’s book tells the story of a magical tree whose fruit saves lives.
Painted during the artist’s "golden period," Gustav Klimt’s The Tree of Life has been interpreted in myriad ways. This children’s book deftly incorporates the mysteries and depth of Klimt’s masterpiece into a story for young readers. A young man is given a seed that grows into a beautiful fruit-bearing tree. After tasting the fruit, he can see into the future, including events that will put the lives of others in danger. A king and his lovely princess daughter test the boy’s predictions, and love ensues. As children turn the pages of this exquisite book, they will be drawn into the intricately detailed and boldly colored illustrations, which echo Klimt’s own artistry. The book includes a gorgeous reproduction of The Tree of Life, along with information about Klimt and his work. Designed to encourage children to discover new details each time they open the pages, this is a charming book that will be read over and over again.


Hypothyroidism is a condition that results from a lethargic thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces the hormones t3 and t4 to regulate our metabolism. An underproduction of these hormones due to a malfunctioning of the glands starts affecting the normal metabolic functions of the body. There are several factors that can lead to the development of this condition. The most common causes of hypothyroidism include a surgical removal of glands to treat hyperthyroidism, autoimmune disorders and radiation therapies of the head and neck. Besides, hypothyroidism can also result from prescription drugs, a disease of the pituitary gland, deficiency of iodine in the body. Hypothyroidism can be a congenital disorder in a few individuals, babies are born without a thyroid gland or the gland is not functioning properly. Hypothyroidism is more common in postpartum women and those above the age of fifty. it can lead to depression, fatigue, weakness, heavier menstrual flow, brittle hair, and nails or increased sensitivity to cold. There is no known cure for hypothyroidism and the medication and control of the disorder are usually a life-long process. Hypothyroidism treatment by the conventional route comprises of synthetic thyroxin tablets, they are generally safe and effective in providing the body with optimum levels of the hormone. Natural treatments for hypothyroidism have proved to be effective in long-term control of hypothyroidism. Dietary changes like elimination of refined carbohydrates, sugar and caffeine and increasing the protein intake can help in managing the thyroid levels. A diet rich in nutrients and natural sources of iodine can also help in alleviating the symptoms. Relaxation therapy is also recommended for treatment of hypothyroidism.


Too Many Questions Elementary PREMIUM
In today's lesson, we are teaching you how to ask questions using the A not A sentence structure. Practice this structure in daily conversations, but be careful not to ask too many questions in a roll though, you might upset people like the restaurant owner in today's dialogue!
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Yulia Reznikov/Getty Images
Dietary supplements — the vitamins, herbs and botanicals that you’ll find in most grocery stores — are everywhere. More than half of U.S. adults over 20 take them, spending almost $50 billion on vitamins and other supplements in 2021. Yet decades of research have produced little evidence that they really work.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently released a big new assessment of supplements. “They say that there’s insufficient evidence for use of multivitamins for the prevention of heart disease and cancer in Americans who are healthy,” says Dr. Jenny Jia. Jia co-wrote an editorial about the new guidelines and their implications for consumers in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It’s titled, Multivitamins and Supplements–Benign Prevention or Potentially Harmful Distraction?
Aaron Scott talks to Dr. Jenny Jia about the science of dietary supplements: which ones might help, which ones might hurt, and where we could be spending our money instead.
This episode was produced by Margaret Cirino and edited by Gabriel Spitzer. Brit Hanson checked the facts. The audio engineer was Stacey Abbott.


Star Wars GCSE Study Guides
This resource consists of seven power points with annotated score and embedded audio extracts for each slide. The focus is on how the music elements are used in the Edexcel Star Wars set work and how they describe the action onscreen. This is very much a creative response to the set works.
You will acquire the necessary subject specific terminology using the acronym DR SMITH (Dynamics – Rhythm, Tempo and Metre – Structure – Melody – Instrumentation – Texture – Harmony and Tonality) and the elements are dealt with one at a time (i.e. one element per power point). The score is annotated and because each slide has an accompanying audio, the aspect of the element being discussed can be instantly heard in action. Really helpful for delivery by a teacher, but also designed for my online course enabling independent study.


Nous apportons une aide vitale d’urgence aux populations touchées par des catastrophes ou des conflits. À plus long terme, nous les aidons à cultiver ou acheter de quoi se nourrir et assurer leur survie et celle de leur famille. A tout moment, nos équipes interviennent sur près de 30 opérations d'urgences à travers le monde.
Brazil has made impressive recent strides in reducing poverty, food insecurity and hunger. Between 2000–2 and 2005–7, the proportion of people living in hunger was reduced by one-third in Brazil. Between 2003 and 2009, the number of people living in poverty decreased by 20 million.
These successes are widely considered to be due to pro-poor policies introduced during the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, including a national cross-sectoral strategy called Fome Zero (Zero Hunger), launched in 2003. This consists of 50 linked initiatives including cash transfers for poor families and support for small-scale food producers. Under the championship of President Lula, Fome Zero was able to integrate the activities of multiple government ministries within a broad agenda. These transformational policies were also the result of many years of activism by Brazilian civil society and social movements.
Brazil still has major food security challenges to overcome. Despite an enabling policy context, economic growth, and a buoyant agricultural sector, around 66 million Brazilians still face some degree of daily food insecurity. Nevertheless, Brazil’s experience shows that hunger is a multi-sector, structural problem that can respond to an integrated, coordinated, cross-government response under the right conditions.


Software Testing Dictionary
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find that whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not.
Testing is executing a system in order to identify any gaps, errors or missing requirements in contrary to the actual desire or requirements.
This dictionary is an effort to put almost all the terms related to Software Testing at one place and explain them with suitable examples. The target audience for this dictionary is Software Testing Professionals, Software Quality Experts, and Software Developers.
Before proceeding with the terms given in this dictionary, you should have a basic understanding of software development life cycle (SDLC). A basic understanding of software programming using any programming language is also required.


This architecture style was popular in the 1920s and 1930s and continues to be a mainstay in suburbs across the United States. The defining characteristics are half-timbering on bay windows and upper floors, and facades that are dominated by one or more steeply pitched cross gables. Patterned brick or stone walls are common, as are rounded doorways, multi-paned casement windows, and large stone chimneys. A subtype of the Tudor Revival style is the Cotswold Cottage. With a sloping roof and a massive chimney at the front, a Cotswold Cottage may remind you of a picturesque storybook home.Find Your Home!


The three-way hit from the major earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown has created a situation beyond what even the most prepared country could manage. Entire villages were swept into the massive wave. Hundreds of bodies are now washing back to the shore. Nuclear plants are melting down. People are evacauting their home areas by the thousands to avoid radiation exposure.
Three questions for anthropologists:
- What do anthropologists have to say about the massive loss of lives from so-called natural disaster? The most obvious recent example is Haiti after the earthquake of January 2010. Readers, please share references and insights.
- What do anthropologists know about life in a nuclear melt-down zone? Read this: Adriana Petryna‘s amazing study, Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl. Her study of the making of “biological citizens” has much relevance to northern Japan. Can readers please offer other sources of knowledge?
- What do anthropologists know about people’s perceptions of risk and security around the world? Many anthropologists are addressing these important questions. The course syllabus for a graduate seminar I taught in spring 2009 on Culture, Risk and Security (embedded below) includes some ideas for reading and further thought.
This university-based blogger sends her heartfelt wishes to everyone in Japan and to those in any way related to people in the affected regions.


In diatomite fiItration, the diatomaceous earth's irregularity in size and shape
enables the particles to be:
a. Highly porous and separate quickly.
b. Highly porous and cling together.
Separate quickly and become rigid.
d. Separate slowly and become hard.
What are three of the common methods of disinfection?
Which is the most field expedient method of disinfection?
What type and form of coal are sometimes used to replace the sand in rapid sand
The erdlator incorporates which of the following processes and/or equipment?
a. Plain sedimentation.
b. Sodium aluminate as a coagulant.
FiItration by means of a slow sand fiIter.
d. Chemical pretreatment combined with disinfection.
e. Continuous flow treatment, using an up flow clarifier.


I was thinking about the antagonist today and how he/she has to be human, have human characteristics (unless of course it is a sci-fi/fantasy) in other words typically no one is completely evil, there are always shades of grey, some good qualities and some bad. Only in the antagonist it is usually more bad, or at least it is for the protagonist.
In the online Free Dictionary:
n.1. One who opposes and contends against another; an adversary.2. The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero of a narrative or drama.
Your challenge, if you so choose to accept it, is to write an outline for your antagonist giving him human qualities, what makes him normal, average, likable, maybe even charming and the qualities that are creating the opposition for your hero/protagonist. Can you make him so human that we feel for him too? I recently watched Now You See Me the movie and the thing that I really noticed was I wasn’t sure who I wanted to win; both the supposed good guys and the supposed bad guys I could feel for.
Word Prompt: Adversary
Some of the best stories I have read or watched on television or on the big screen, I have felt conflicted about wanting to like him/her or wanting to not like. One instance comes to mind is on NCIS. For those that don’t watch it, there used to be a character named Kate. She worked with NCIS and she was a lovable character. Ari (the bad guy) came along and even the character Kate wanted to like him. We knew he was bad but he was very charming and part of me I guess was hoping that somehow it would work out until he killed Kate. He was definitely a bad guy.
I look forward to reading what you come up with.
Share your thoughts in the comments below, does this kind of prompt help you and your writing?


Epicurus presented a challenge to God’s character:
Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent.
Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent.
Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil?
Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?
Thus spake Epicurus, the Greek philosopher who lived from 341-270 BC. This is what you might call a tight spot argument. It seems to cover all the bases and leave us Christians without the faintest hope of getting out. But tight spots are okay. The people of God have been there before. And so with a range of impregnable rocks to the left and to the right, the most formidable army in the world chasing after us from the rear, and an impassable sea right before us, what do we do? Trust in the God of tight spots and march right on ahead over the path that he clears for us through the waters.
Although the riddle is undoubtedly clever, it turns out to be loaded with a couple of erroneous presuppositions: firstly, a flawed presupposition, and secondly, a really flawed presupposition.
Read the full article here.


Income inequality, the gap between the rich and, well, everybody else, is typically thought to be a national concern — and an oft-mentioned issue in the speeches of some presidential hopefuls. It’s just as much a concern on the state level, as a new report from the Economic Policy Institute, “The Unequal State of America” makes clear.
According to the research, the average annual income of the top 1 percent in the Garden State is, while the remaining 99 percent average $57,447 a year. Looked at another way, those at the top of the economic ladder earn 25.3 times more in a year than the rest of the state’s residents.
The report also indicates that the New-York-Newark-Jersey-City metropolitan area has the dubious distinction of being the most unequal in the state. The top 1 percent there earns 39.3 times more than the bottom 99 percent: $2,156,193 versus $54,895.
The county with the greatest inequality gap is Hudson. There, the top 1 percent makes 44.8 times more in a year than the rest of the wage earners. That works out to an average annual income of $2,298,753 compared with $51,303 for the bottom 99 percent.


Control Arduino Wirelessly with MATLAB
Been seeing few DIYs on how to establish a communication between MATLAB application and Arduino that is hardwired to PC. However, I haven’t encountered anything that control Arduino via MATLAB wirelessly using the ENC28J60 compatible Ethernet shield. In this ible’, I’m going to show the simplest way to control Arduino using MATLAB wirelessly.
WHAT YOU NEED?
1) Arduino – You need a controller. I used Arduino since it is supported by MATLAB. For this project however I used, Gizduino, a locally made Arduino-based controller.
2) Ethernet Shield – You need a compatible Ethernet shield for your board. I used the ENC28J60 for my board.
3) Wi-Fi Router – To connect your Arduino which would be the means to communicate to your PC wirelessly.
4) LED – Any components to indicate communication between devices. For this project I used LED.
5) Printer Cable – To connect Arduino to your PC.
6) UTP Cable – To connect your Ethernet shield to the router.
Step 1: Connect Ethernet Shield to Arduino
Step 2: Connect LED
Connect any components that could indicate communication between devices. In this ‘ible I used an LED. Will try to turn LED on and off wirelessly using MATLAB. I’ve connected my LED’s anode (long pin) to Digital I/O pin 6 of the Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino and LED’s cathode (short pin) to Ethernet’s GND.
Step 3: Connect Arduino to PC
Step 4: Connect Ethernet Shield to Router
Step 5: Open Arduino IDE
Step 6: Upload Code to Arduino
For more detail: Control Arduino Wirelessly with MATLAB
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Sexual orientation ?
Sexual orientation is about whom you’re attracted to and want to have relationships with. Sexual orientations include gay, lesbian, straight, bisexual, and asexual.
Sexual orientation is different from gender and gender identity.
Sexual orientation is about whom you’re attracted to and who you feel drawn to romantically, emotionally, and sexually. It’s different from gender identity. Gender identity isn’t about whom you’re attracted to, but about who you ARE male, female, genderqueer, etc.
This means that being transgender (feeling like your assigned sex is very different from the gender you identify with) isn’t the same thing as being gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Sexual orientation is about whom you want to be with. Gender identity is about who you are.
There are a bunch of identities associated with sexual orientation:
People who’re attracted to a different gender (for example, women who are attracted to men or men who are attracted to women) often call themselves straight or heterosexual.
People who’re attracted to people of the same gender often call themselves gay or homosexual. Gay women may prefer the term lesbian.
People who’re attracted to both men and women often call themselves bisexual.
People whose attractions span across many different gender identities (male, female, transgender, genderqueer, intersex, etc.) may call themselves pansexual or queer.
People who’re unsure about their sexual orientation may call themselves questioning or curious.
don't experience any sexual attraction for anyone often call themselves asexual.
People who dIt’s also important to note that some people don't think any of these labels describe them accurately.
Some people don't like the idea of labels at all. Other people feel comfortable with certain labels and not others. It's up to you to decide how you want to label yourself


In recent years much attention has been devoted to the occurrence of caffeine in natural waters. It has been established that caffeine is now present in a wide variety of environments, including wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, groundwater and remote mountain lakes. However, it is less clear what the practical significance of caffeine occurrence may be because recent research has only begun to evaluate the consequences of increasing caffeine concentrations for aquatic biota. The objectives of this paper are (1) to gain a qualitative understanding of the routes through which caffeine enters the environment and the mechanisms through which it is degraded, (2) to obtain quantitative data on which to base a mass balance of caffeine in wastewater treatment plant effluent, and (3) interpret environmental occurrence levels of caffeine in the context of toxicity threshold values determined for aquatic biota. To accomplish these objectives a literature review and mass balance were performed. This paper shows that caffeine concentrations are typically in the ng/L range in many freshwater environments. In certain areas levels appear to be sufficiently high to approach threshold toxicity values for aquatic biota. Primary locations of concern in urban areas are discharge points of treated wastewater. Although caffeine presents no large scale threat now, further research is needed on the occurrence of caffeine in natural waters and its chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms.


Growing Guides: How to grow daffodils & narcissus
Did you know that the Narcissus is the flower of March? Plant Narcissus bulbs in the fall (between September and the end of November) to have plenty of Narcissus flowers in the Spring. Other names for Narcissus include daffodil or jonquil. Narcissus is the more botanical, latin term for the flower. Narcissus bulbs also naturally repel squirrels and other rodents and are a good choice if you have had a problem with small creatures trying to take a bite out of your flower bulbs in the past!
Growing and Planting Narcissus:
1. In the Fall, choose a spot that is mostly sunny or has only light shade. Also make sure that the location has fairly good drainage and does not tend to get waterlogged.
2. Planting narcissus bulbs is fairly simple. Bulbs look much like a small onion, sometimes with a spike or point on one side and sometimes with wiry roots growing out of the other side. Plant with the spike pointing up.
3. Follow the rule of thumb when planting bulbs and give the bulbs at least 2 times their height of soil above them. Narcissus like a deep planting in light soil.Dig a 6-7 inch hole, drop the bulb into it and cover with soil.
4. Regarding the spacing between bulbs, if planting in beds, leave approx 5-6 inches between each bulb. If you are planting in containers, you can cluster them a little closer together.
5. After planting, water well so that the soil above the bulbs settles.
6. Narcissus bulbs will flower in the spring. After the flowers die back in late spring or early summer, let the plant enjoy a drier, warmer rest period. After leaves die back, stop watering so that the bulb can rest.
7. In cooler zones, you can leave narcissus bulbs in the ground over winter so that they can receive their required period of winter cooling in order to flower the following Spring.


Brassicaceae: Mustard Family — Mustards
Mustards can be very confusing at first sight but, with a little perseverance, most of them can be readily distinguished. Leaves are one important feature, these vary a great deal from one species to another. Fruits are the other, some are cylindric, others tapered towards the tip, some are appressed to the stem, others are spreading and either ascending (upwards-curving) or reflexed (down-curving). All of the fruits are “dehiscent” meaning that they split longitudinally down a seam. The fruits of Brassica and Hirschfeldia are segmented with a clearly defined terminal segment. Sisymbrium fruits are not segmented.


One of the 7 Wonders of the World is the Temple of Artemis.
Built by King Croesus of Lydia in about 500 BC it was famous for its rich and sumptuous ornaments designed by Cherisphon and Metagenes of Crete. It was thought to be the finest temple in the whole of the Greek world and was also one of the largest, being twice the size of the Parthenon in Athens.
The size of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (including basis) is :
Width x depth x height cm
140 x 100 x 180


To Your Health
November, 2008 (Vol. 02, Issue 11)
Shedding Light On the Benefits of Dark Foods
By Staff Editorial
You probably already know that consuming whole grains, legumes, berries and certain teas arms your body with powerful antioxidants and other disease-fighting agents.
But do you know that the darker the pigment in these foods, the more benefits they may provide? Research indicates that choosing darker foods over foods lighter in color can help maximize your defense against cancer and other diseases; so include the following foods as part of a balanced diet:
Black rice: Brown rice is better for you than white rice, but black rice is an even better option when it comes to disease prevention. The anthocyanin content is thought to be higher in black rice than in brown rice. (Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments; they belong to the class of molecules called flavonoids, which are known for their antioxidant activity.) Along with this deeper color comes protection against cardiovascular disease and lower levels of C-reactive protein (an indicator of inflammation) in the blood, according to a study conducted in China.
Black beans: Beans are a great source of fiber, but that's not all. Research shows that the skin of the black bean contains numerous plant compounds (terpenoids and flavonoids) that help block the growth of colon, liver and breast cancer cells.
Blackberries: Researchers at the University of Kentucky credit the compounds found in blackberry extract with halting the growth of colon cancer cells. And just like black rice, blackberries may lower levels of C-reactive protein, preventing diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
Black tea: Similar to green tea, black tea contains powerful antioxidants. Research shows that the properties specific to the flavonoid-rich black tea provide protection from heart disease, neurological decline and cancer.


First malaria vaccine in Africa: A potential new tool for child health and improved malaria control
A first generation vaccine known as RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) acts against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly malaria parasite globally and the most prevalent in Africa. The vaccine provides partial protection against malaria among young African children, the population most affected by the disease. Rigorous clinical testing in 7 African countries has shown its potential to boost malaria prevention and save lives. The Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme (MVIP) was established by WHO to coordinate and support the introduction of the vaccine in selected areas of Africa through country-led routine immunization. The Programme will evaluate the vaccine’s public health impact in the context of routine use and inform policy about its potential deployment on a broader scale.
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January 25, 2020
The Congressional Budget Office reported that the budget deficit for fiscal year 2019 came in at $984 billion. For the current fiscal year (FY 2020) the budget deficit is projected to be $1.0 trillion. It will remain above the $1.0 trillion level throughout the entire 10-year budget forecast as more and more baby boomers retire and begin to draw Social Security and become eligible for Medicare. By 2029 it is expected to be $1.4 trillion.
It is important to remember that the U.S. actually had modest budget surpluses in FY’s 2000 and 2001. And from 2002 to 2007 the deficits were consistently in a range from $200-300 billion. The recent widening of the deficit was largely the result of the extraordinarily deep recession that lasted from the end of 2007 through mid-2009.
The best way to determine whether a deficit is “big” or “small” is to look at the deficit in relation to the size of the economy, or the deficit as a percent of GDP. Over the course of the past 50 years, the budget deficit as a percent of GDP has averaged about 3.0%. This should be regarded as a “sustainable” deficit. Unfortunately, by 2029 — a decade from now — the deficit will climb to 4.5% of GDP. That is too large and if something goes wrong it could be even bigger. The goal should be to shrink it to no more than 3.0% of GDP during the course of the next decade.
While the normal budget forecasting cycle is 10 years, if one looks just beyond that 10-year horizon the situation gets significantly worse. If nothing is done to correct the situation by 2039 the annual budget deficits will climb to 7.0% of GDP.
While we are firmly in the camp that budget deficits and government debt outstanding matter, the question is when that will become a problem. Perhaps during the next recession as revenues fall and government expenditures (on things like welfare benefits and unemployment benefits) rise and the deficit soars, perhaps people will take notice. The current situation, in our view, is not sustainable.


, the first, The Child at Play; the second, Child Life in Tale and Fable; third, Child Life in Many Lands; the fourth and fifth, Child Life in Literature.
The selections are chosen from the best literature in an original manner, and the workmanship is excellent.
Play Time, Story-book Friends, Wide-awake Primer and First Reader, Polly and Dolly, are other books for young readers by the same authors.
In collaboration with Mrs. Julia Dalrymple, Mrs. Macdonald has written Kathleen in Ireland, Manuel in Mexico, Rafael in Italy, and Une San in Japan.
Mrs. Dalrymple is the author of two delightful books for children, Make-believe Boys and Little Me Too.
Mabel Priest Rust is joint compiler of Song Echoes from Child Land, for use in the kindergarten.
Freeman Clarke Coffin, engineer, wrote a scientific work, Graphical Solution of Hydraulic Problems, but his real words lie deep in the hearts of his workmen and friends.
George T. Sampson has a pamphlet on Railroad Organization.


Curing Qualities of Culture: A Comparative Analysis of Northern Ireland and Cyprus
Research Theme: Cities, Communities and Contested Urbanism
Supervisors: Dr Phil Boland (email@example.com) and Dr. Brendan Murtagh (firstname.lastname@example.org)
The most recent and fascinating debate in cultural studies concerns the purported curing qualities of culture. This relates to the claim that cultural planning, and more specifically cultural events, are not only an ‘economic resource’ (i.e. jobs, tourism, and investment) but also a resource enabling peace and reconciliation to occur within divided societies. This was most evident in Northern Ireland when Derry-Londonderry became the UK’s first City of Culture in 2013; CoC aimed to deliver economic improvement to a depressed local economy and also bring the conflictual communities (Catholic-Nationalist and Protestant-Unionist) closer together through cultural activity, exchange and enactment. In 2017 Pafos will be European Capital of Culture, and like Derry-Londonderry Pafos is part of a territory that is divided (between Greek and Turkish Cypriots). This project seeks to analyse the curing qualities of culture – economically, socially and politically – in both cities and more specifically what this means for future cities of culture, and the role of culture in divided territories. Recent research on Derry-Londonderry (Boland, Murtagh and Shirlow, 2016) reveals positive impacts in terms of culture as a peace resource but less effectiveness on the economy. Given this, important research questions emerge for future cities of culture more generally and Pafos in particular:
- What are the long term legacies of Derry-Londonderry?
- What lessons can Pafos, and other cities of culture, learn from Derry-Londonderry?
- Is there too much importance attached to the curing qualities of culture?
- Should policy makers be more realistic about culture as an economic resource?


زبان اسوه علم
Learning Every Thing In The Domain Of Language
Hello dear friends,
This post is going to answer the above mentioned question briefly...
As you know, in communication (orally and written) every thing depends on the meaning of messages; so, what in here I'm going to say is that it's important to decide which words or phrases are needed to be chosen and used in order to reach the intended meaning.
Ok! Now let's get back to our question...
When are we supposed to use "purpose" , "goal" , "target"?
-Ex: The purpose of the research is to try and find out more about the causes of the disease.
* in sports:
- Ex1:Black kicked the ball towards the goal.
-Ex2: Only one goal was scored in the entire match.
* an aim or purpose:
- Ex:Our goal is for the country to be fully independent within two years.
* in sports:
-Ex: I had four shots but I didn't even hit the target.
* an aim: a level or situation which you intend to achieve:
- Ex:The government's target of 3.5% annual growth seems easily attainable.
* as a verb:to direct advertising, criticism or a product at someone:
- Ex:The paper is targeted specifically at young people.
The idea of this post belongs to my dear friend Mohammad...
طبقه بندی: Speaking & Listening، Grammar & Structure، نگارش- Writing & Essay،
برچسب ها: target، purpose، aim، goal، difference of words،
|[ طراحی : ایران اسکین ] [ Weblog Themes By : iran skin]|


A junior at the University of Iowa has found a method of telling time on Saturn.
Tim Kennelly, a junior majoring in physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa, has made an observation about how Saturn's magnetic field is linked to the planet's seasons. The findings were published in the American Geophysical Union's (AGU) Journal of Geophysical Research.
Using data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, another researcher at the University of Iowa, space physicist Donal Gurnett, showed that the north and south poles of the ringed planet have their own Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR). SKR is defined as a strong and naturally occurring radio signal emitted from the planet's magnetosphere.
Kennelly observed that SKRs are linked with what scientists call "flux tubes" composed of hot, electrically charged gas, called plasma. He found that these tubes occurred around the same time of an SKR in both poles. For example, during winter in the northern hemisphere, the occurrence of flux tubes correlates with the SKR period. The same holds true for winter in the southern hemisphere.
Scientists had been previously unable to identify seasons on Saturn because the planet is covered by thick layers of gas and clouds. These layers each rotate at their own speed, making it difficult to define time on the planet. With the research by Kennelly, scientists can observe the occurence of flux tubes and their effect on time on nearly every planet with a magnetic field, including our home planet.
"I'm pleased to have contributed to our understanding of Saturn's magnetosphere so early in my career. I hope this trend continues," Kennelly said in an official press statement from the university.
This finding may alter how scientists look at the Earth's magnetosphere and the Van Allen radiation belts that affect a variety of activities at Earth, ranging from space flight safety to satellite and cellphone communications.


Question: I’ve been hearing about some probe we dropped on one of Saturn’s moons. So what’s the big deal? — CH, Antwerp, Belgium
Answer: The big deal is that, up until now, we had no real images of the surface of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. It is perpetually shrouded in a thick cloud of nitrogen and methane. From space, the surface can’t be seen. To image it, we needed to get a camera below the cloud level. On January 14th, the European Space Agency probe Huygens did just that. What it found was truly amazing!
Turns out Titan has a weather cycle similar to ours. On Earth we have evaporation, precipitation, and transport of H2O, the well known hydrologic cycle. On Titan, it’s a “methalogic” cycle. The -300° F temperature allows methane (CH4) to do what water does here on Earth. There are methane oceans and rivers, and methane clouds that drop methane rain and snow. The image above shows what the Huygens probe saw during its decent to the surface. The river channels are easy to see. We’re not yet sure if the ocean is permanent or transient, but its shoreline is clearly visible. There is indeed “weather” here.
Besides Earth, no other planet or moon was known to have such a weather cycle. It is this similarity that thrills scientists. Studying Titan will teach us more about our own planet’s weather.


Samba is a cross-platform triumph: it turns a Unix or Linux system into a file and print server for Microsoft Windows network clients.This book describes all the options for Samba's configuration file in quick-reference format. It also contains command-line options and related information on the use of the Samba daemons (smbd, nmbd, and winbindd) and the utilities in the Samba distribution.
The current edition covers Samba 2.x and the most important features of 3.0, which was under development as this book went to print. New options pertain to Samba's acting as a primary domain controller and as a domain member server, its support for the use of Windows NT/2000/XP authentication and filesystem security on the host Unix system, and access to shared files and printers from Unix clients.
System administrators who are familiar with Samba and want a handy reminder of how to administer it without the bulk of a full-sized book will find this pocket reference invaluable.


March is National Women's History Month
March is celebrated as National Women’s History Month. According to the National Women's History Project:
Although women’s history is intertwined with the history shared with men, several factors - social, religious, economic, and biological - have worked to create a unique sphere of women's history. This celebration, designated by Joint Resolutions of the House and Senate and Proclamations by six American Presidents, is an opportunity to honor and celebrate women's historic achievements. Our shared history unites families, communities, and nations.
The stories of women’s achievements are integral to the fabric our history. Learning about women’s tenacity, courage, and creativity throughout the centuries is a tremendous source of strength. Until relatively recently, this sphere of women's history was overlooked and undervalued. Women’s achievements were often distorted, disdained, and denied. But, knowing women’s stories provides essential role models for everyone. And role models are genuinely needed to face the extraordinary changes and unrelenting challenges of the 21st century.
This celebration is an opportunity to honor and celebrate women's achievements, particularly on the local level. In keeping with National Women’s History Month theme for 2011, “Our History is Our Strength,” during March we honor the contributions of women throughout Beaufort’s long history in the Research Room display case as well as in this blog.
Charmaine chose to highlight the contributions of Kate Gleason, Mary Elizabeth Waterhouse, Harriet Tubman, Charlotte Forten, Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Laura Towne, some of whom were featured in last month's focus on Black History.
SCIway has posted a page called "Special Women in SC History."
Stay tuned for highlights on specific women and women's organizations who've had an impact on Beaufort through the ages.


Employers are liable for the ability of their employees to meaningfully engage with their work. This means accommodating the disabilities that workers may be overcoming, including new limits to abilities since an employee was hired.
People with disabilities make up an indispensible part of the American workforce. Technological advances and cultural understanding has made this more evident in recent decades, and U.S. law – as well as law in California – has attempted to keep up and ensure the rights of disabled people are respected in the workplace.
In California, there are a number of pieces of legislation that exist to protect those with disabilities from being discriminated against. Among those, there is the Fair Employment and Housing Act, Disabled Persons Act and the Unruh Civil Rights Act.
Companies throughout California and across the country are legally required to provide employees with reasonable accommodation if they have a disability. Today, we will define reasonable accommodation and explain how companies provide for this requirement when they have employees with disabilities.
A judge has granted class-action status in a lawsuit that accuses Laguna Beach of discriminating against disabled people who are also homeless, according to the Los Angeles Times. The lawsuit was filed in 2015 by the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Southern California. Multiple rulings were issued this week by a judge in U.S. District Court in Santa Ana.
Employees have the right to work without being discriminated against. While many people know that this protection is enforced during an employment period, some people might not realize that it also extends to the hiring period.


Bangladesh has the fourth largest population of Asia with more than 150 million people and is the most densely populated country in the world. Bangladesh is located in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, the world its largest delta, and home to the ‘sundarbans‘, one of the world’s largest remaining mangrove forests. Its long coastline connects Bangladesh in the southwest to India and in the southeast to Myanmar. While textiles is by far the most important sector for its economy in terms of GDP, almost 50% of Bangladesh its labour force still depends on the agricultural sector. Aquaculture, fisheries, and related processing are important for its economy in terms of food security, employment and export earnings. The aquaculture sector consists of brackish and fresh water shrimp production and the production of various fresh water fishes such as carps, tilapia and pangasius. Its capture fishery consists of a well developed inland fishery and relatively underdeveloped marine fishery.


The Jacket I Wear in the Snow Extension Activities
Cross-curricular activities for the book by Shirley Neitzel
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2
About this book
Health: Brainstorm with students the type of clothing that is needed for given weather conditions. You might want to create a large semantic map to go with your discussion. Write Weather Conditions in the center. Have children first think of and state the conditions, then the types of clothes needed for each condition. Write their suggestions to create the semantic web.
Language Arts: This book lends itself well to choral reading where each child has an opportunity to participate. After copying the various lines onto sentence strips, give each child a strip. Have them sit in a circle in order, so that once the reading begins you'll be able to keep the flow. When a new line is read, a child reads solo. However, the whole class is expected to read the repeated lines. As the story progresses, then, the whole class will end up reading the story!


First map published by the U. S. government to recognize the boundaries claimed by the Republic of Texas
44. [MAP]. EMORY, W[illiam] H. Map of Texas and the Country Adjacent: Compiled in the Bureau of the Corps of Topographical Engeneers, [sic] from the best Authorities. For the State Department, under the direction of Colonel J. J. Abert Chief of the Corps; by W. H. Emory, 1st. Lieut. T. E. War Department 1844. [Washington, 1844]. Lithographed map. Neat line to neat line: 35.7 x 55.2 cm (14-1/4 x 21-3/4 inches). Uniform light age toning, a few scattered stains (most confined to blank margins), minor losses at fold lines, minor marginal chipping at right blank margin (no loss to image or border), otherwise fine.
First edition, the small-format version of the first map published by the United States government to recognize the boundaries claimed by the Republic of Texas, thus recognizing Texas as a separate entity. “The order of priority of the issues cannot now be determined” (Streeter 1543B). The small format issue is more rare in commerce. Martin & Martin 33: "First map to show correctly the final extent of the boundaries set by the Texas Congress on December 29, 1836. Probably the best map of the region at the time of annexation." Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West 478 (describing this version).
One of the primary considerations during the Congressional debate on the annexation of Texas was the determination of the correct boundaries of the country. Accordingly, Congress in 1844 commissioned this map, the first to recognize Texas as a separate entity, leading directly to the Mexican-American War. Based on the great 1841 Arrowsmith map of Texas, but with improvements, the map shows an enormous proposed northern territory, including over half of New Mexico and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. ($7,500-15,000)
Image (click to enlarge)
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The program comprises 40 weeks of instruction, 5 days per week, 30 minutes per day. (The timings given for individual activities in the program are generous; most teachers complete the activities in less time.)This downloadable pdf file contains all activites for Week 1 of instruction. You will need to download the Free Adobe Reader to view this document.
This resource is part of the FreeReading Phonics collection.
This resource was reviewed using the Curriki Review rubric and received an overall Curriki Review System rating of 3, as of -0001-11-30.
This resource received a 3* rating because it is part of Free Reading Phonics, which received a rating of 3-Exemplary in the Curriki Review System and which you can see here: http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Coll_FreeReading/IntegratedProgramInterventionAforK-1


Ants of Western Ghats, India
In the recent article “Community structure and ant species diversity across select sites of Western Ghats, India” published in Acta Ecologica Sinica, Javid M. Dad, Shahid Ali Akbar, Himender Bharti, and Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo evaluate ant species richness and diversity in eight sites of Western Ghats, India. They collected 173 species belonging to 65 genera in 10 subfamilies including 20 species published as new to science, and two genera and six species reported for the first time in India. Here, Shahid Ali Akbar shares some pictures of their work.
A Photoblog contribution by Shahid Ali Akbar
The Western Ghats barely covers 5% of India’s land area but represents about 40-45% biodiversity of India, providing critical ecosystem services and complex species-rich habitats. Owing to a high degree of species congruence and species/area ratios, the region is not only viewed as a hotspot but as one of the hottest hotspots of the world. The region acts as an excellent habitat for ant colonization in the
For all pictures from Mr. Sunil C.G. applies © Mr. Sunil. C.G., Asst. Nature Education Officer, Periyar Foundation, Periyar Tiger Reserve


In many cases, carbonate oil wells are stimulated with open hole acid flush or acid fracturing treatments to increase productivity. Some of the challenges with fracturing stimulation are reservoir related, such as consistently stimulating all targeted intervals and intersecting the natural fracture network. The growth of hydraulic fractures in the vertical direction is difficult to predict, leading to the risk for entering unsought gas or water-bearing formation. Operations can be complex, costly and pose environmental challenges. A multilaterals stimulation technology (MST) has been developed and field tested to be a simple, efficient and more controllable method of stimulation with less environmental impact. The method uses less fluid, reduces the risk of groundwater contamination and eliminates stimulation fluid flowback disposal. This paper discusses the evolution of the technology, leading to the first pilot installation in a horizontal well in the Austin Chalk carbonate reservoir in Texas, during April of 2014. The pilot installation proved the stimulation technology's efficiency by creating 60 laterals, each 40 feet long, in a few hours pumping time. This installation is believed to be a world record for creating 60 laterals in less than 5 hours. The well's production response was significant, and productivity index was increased by 30 times compared to before the stimulation.


When your computer crashes or phone freezes, don’t be so quick to blame the manufacturer. Cosmic rays — or rather the electrically charged particles they generate — may be your real foe.
While harmless to living organisms, a small number of these particles have enough energy to interfere with the operation of the microelectronic circuitry in our personal devices. It’s called a single-event upset or SEU.
During an SEU, particles alter an individual bit of data stored in a chip’s memory. Consequences can be as trivial as altering a single pixel in a photograph or as serious as bringing down a passenger jet.


Health and rehabilitation
Promoting health as a task for the future
People who are handicapped or are threatened with a disability have a right to occupational autonomy and through which meaningful participation in our society. The same goes for those who require rehabilitation after an accident or illness.
The CJD helps them, for example, in one of our six CJD career education centres, career support centres or other institutions for occupational rehabilitation.
In promoting the health of young people, the CJD sees an important task for the future. The topic ‘health’ is considered in all its aspects:
- in the prevention of disease through health conscious education in CJD institutions – for example, through promoting exercise, healthy nutrition and responsible use of new media,
- in the rehabilitation (care of chronical syndromes) above all in the area of student, pre-occupational, and occupational support as well as
- in the indication-based therapy (treatment of certain mental and physical illnesses) in the ages of childhood and youth in specialised institutions and clinics. A medical treatment can be combined with individual and age appropriate CJD support at school, during training or in a chosen profession. This way the opportunities of young people improve decisively.
Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands e.V. (CJD)
D 73061 Ebersbach/Fils · Germany
Call: +49 71 63 9 30-0
Fax: +49 71 63 9 30-2 80
CJD Executive Committee:
Hans Wolf von Schleinitz, Oliver Stier, Siegbert Hummel


The church, which is one of the oldest and less known churches in Athens, is dedicated to Panagia Pantanassa. It is celebrated on the 15th of August, the day of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It is located in Monastiraki Square, which is named after it.
The church is referred to as Big Monastery in a post Byzantine sigillium of 1678 and it is thus named during these years. Furthermore, in the same document it is mentioned that during the period of the Frankish rule it was annexed as a men’s monastery to Kaisariani Monastery. During the period of the sigillium the monastery functioned as a convent. From 1690 onwards the church became parish, same as the Kaisariani Monastery. From the revolution onwards, the church was no longer called Big Monastery but Mikromonastiro (Small Monastery) or Monastiraki. The monastery cells used to be in the location of today’s Square, while the whole area was full of small shops, many of which can still be found in the neighboring Pandrosos Street.
The church is a barrel-vaulted basilica, namely a church type characteristic of the transition from the early Christian basilica to the cross-in-square church. In general, it signifies the transition from Late Antiquity to the Byzantine and Medieval World.
The wall paintings are more recent.
The church has undergone many modifications. Characteristic is the bell-tower, which is a more recent construction and annex.
According to Orlandos, the church is dated to the 10th century. However, based on its masonry Sotiriou has dated it to the 7th – 8th century, while Wulff to the 8th – 9th century like all the barrel-vaulted basilicas of Athens. Xyngopoulos has dated the church to the 10th century, whereas Millet to the 11th – 12th century based on its capitals.
The church is associated with many legends and traditions of old Athens.
Couchaud A., Choix d’ Eglises byzantines de la Grece, Paris 1842, drawing 4.