A Unique Mammalian Radiation
With more than two hundred species distributed from California through Texas, across most of mainland Mexico, Central and South America, and islands in the Caribbean Sea, the Phyllostomidae bat family (American leaf-nosed bats) is one of the world’s most diverse mammalian families. From an insectivorous ancestor, species living today have over about 30 million years evolved a hyper-diverse range of diets, from blood or small vertebrates, to consuming nectar, pollen, and fruit. Phyllostomid plant-visiting species are responsible for pollinating over five-hundred species of shrubs, trees, vines, and epiphytes of the Americas—many of which are economically and ecologically important—and they also disperse the seeds of at least another five-hundred plant species. Fruit-eating and seed-dispersing members of this family thus play a crucial role in the regeneration of neotropical forests, and the fruit eaters are among the most abundant mammals in these habitats.
Written by leading experts in the field and synthesizing the latest advances in molecular biology and ecology, Phyllostomid Bats is the first overview in more than forty years of the evolution of the many morphological, behavioral, physiological, and ecological adaptations in this family. Featuring abundant illustrations as well as details on the current classification and conservation status of phyllostomid species, it is both a comprehensive reference for these ecologically vital mammals and a fascinating exploration of the evolutionary process of adaptive radiation.
Finally, a comprehensive overview
With 24 richly illustrated chapters, Phyllostomid Bats offers a comprehensive overview of an extraordinary group of mammals. Reviewing thousands of recent contributions, many by the book's authors, Phyllostomid Bats is the perfect introduction for the budding naturalist, while serving as a key reference for the seasoned specialist!


ALL PRION IMAGES: possible
routes of transmission of BSE prions from cows to the human brain.
Scheme of the possible transmission routes of BSE prions from cows to the human brain. The image above is 400 pixels across and the original is 3,017 pixels across.
This simplified diagram shows the likely routes of BSE prions from their amplification through cows to their entry to the human brain. The prions are represented by the purple particles streaming around the picture. At top left "O" represents the origin of BSE prions. This has not been established with certainty. The prions are then shown passing from one cow to another (BSE infected cattle were fed to other cows). Contaminated meat (and possibly other bovine derivatives) then carried the prions to humans. In the human gut (bottom left) prions may be taken up by lymphoid tissues (Peyer's patches). The prions are then ferried around the body in lymphocytes "L". Prion replication is thought to occur in lymphoid tissues, especially the spleen "S". Nerves "N" that supply the lymphoid tissues then allow prions to travel back up them to the brain. Since lymphocytes carry prions, it is reasonable to assume that transport to the brain might occur in parallel through the blood. This is illustrated at "B". The fear that human blood and blood products may carry BSE prions has caused many countries to ban blood donations from those who are deemed to have been exposed.


The coronavirus, which has wreaked havoc on health and paralyzed the world economy, has had a particularly impact on the financial sector. In France, the year 2020 marks a turning point for banks, between loans guaranteed by the State, which have increased the debt of French companies, the explosion of savings and the acceleration of digitization. Explanations with ten figures that make you dizzy.
129 billion euros in guaranteed loans
Created at the end of March to support the cash flow of companies undermined by the confinement, the loan guaranteed by the State (PGE) has been an overwhelming success. To date, this loan has been taken out by 630,000 companies, for a total amount of 129 billion euros. This represents around 10% of outstanding bank loans to businesses. As a general rule, a company can obtain an EMP within the limit of 25% of its annual turnover, the amount being 90% guaranteed by the State. No repayment is due the first year, and the maturities can then be spread over a maximum of five years. If the banks only bear 10% of the risk, they have mobilized strongly. Most of the loans were distributed in three months, with a refusal rate of less than 3% according to the banks. However, faced with the crisis, some companies would prefer an outright subsidy, rather than a loan that will have to be repaid.


Operant boxes reinforce certain behaviours by pairing them with an outcome. For example, a chamber may reinforce nose-poking in mice by delivering sucrose solution each time they poke. More complicated operant paradigms can test reward learning and finer features of motivation, such as increased reinforcement of food-directed behavior.
Operant chambers from other suppliers can cost thousands of dollars per chamber, not including the cost of the corresponding software packages. This cost may prevent researchers from performing important behavioral experiments and makes high-throughput experiments (involving dozens or even hundreds of chambers) financially impractical. For teaching and research settings, we offer to construct operant boxes according to your specifications, including a plastic or metal box and Arduino-based input-output circuits. Chambers can be equipped with photo interrupter sensors (ports serving as nose pokes) or a drinking well, levers, food trays / monitored feeding stations (see e.g. Nguyen et al. 2016), transponder readers, light, touch screens etc. Interesting operant box designs such as "ROBucket" are available as open source and can be fully automated (see e.g Rivalan et al. 2017).
Attention: We do not supply chambers using electric stimuli.


A new study has found chewing gum could make people fat since its minty taste makes sugary food more tempting.
Scientists found people given to chew gum eat more high calorie sweet foods. This is because the chemical responsible for the minty flavour of gum makes savoury foods, especially fruit and vegetables, taste unpleasant, Daily Mail reported.
The study's co-author Christine Swoboda, a doctoral candidate in nutrition at Ohio State University, told LiveScience website: "The chemical change is the same reason why when you brush your teeth and then drink orange juice, it tastes bad.
"We were also interested in seeing whether this helps with weight loss."
Swoboda and her colleague Jennifer Temple of the University of Buffalo, enrolled 44 volunteers for their study and asked each candidate to play a game in exchange for food.
Some played for pieces of fruit, while others played for crisps and sweets.
Before participating in the experiment, half of the volunteers had chewed either fruit gum or mint gum.
During an experiment, the volunteers were asked to keep a food diary. For a part of the time, the volunteers were asked to chew mint gum before meals, while for the rest of the time they were simply asked to note down their food intake.
The food diaries showed while chewing gum, people ate fewer meals but that they did not consume fewer calories as a result.
Swoboda said the explanation could be that the menthol in mint interacts with nutrients in fruits and vegetables to create a bitter flavour and that this was making healthy food seem unappealing.


United Nations, 1 September 2005 -- The United Nations' top humanitarian relief official has described Hurricane Katrina as one of the most destructive natural disasters in human history.
Jan Egeland told reporters that in terms of purely economic costs -- homes and businesses destroyed, people displaced -- the hurricane was worse than the December 2004 tsunami in southeast Asia.
But Egeland said good preparations and quick evacuations of residents by U.S. authorities meant that far fewer people have been killed along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast than the estimated 180,000 who died in the tsunami.
The casualty toll from the hurricane is not yet clear, but it is believed to be in the hundreds, or possibly thousands, of people.
Egeland said the United Nations is ready to assist in U.S. recovery efforts, but added that no request has yet been made by American authorities.
"Concern Growing Over Slow Pace Of Tsunami Relief Operations"


Coral Reef Rehabilitation in the Dutch Caribbean
The Dutch Caribbean islands are recognized worldwide for their healthy reefs and outstanding dive sites. Nevertheless, while these reefs are showing signs of resilience and recovery from recent bleaching events, they still face a large number of local, regional and global threats such as eutrophication and development, bleaching, diseases and hurricanes as well as ocean acidification and climate change. In light of the accelerated decline of many coral species and a rise in hard- to-control threats, coral reef conservation efforts have begun to focus on active rehabilitation of populations of threatened coral species.
This news article was published in BioNews 23.
BioNews is produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance and funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.


There are few areas in modern technology where surfaces and their interactions with their environment do not play a decisive role. Surface analysis—the chemistry of the top few atomic layers—often provides the key for failure analysis, development of new products and processes, and the like. Understanding of how surfaces interact with their environment is the foundation for many basic research studies.
The Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials (SCSAM) at Case Western Reserve University provides the most important and state-of-the-art techniques of surface analysis: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (also known as ESCA or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis); Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES); Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) as well as four SEMs that provide microchemical analysis using X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS). Case Western Reserve is pleased to offer a five-day short course and workshop on Applied Surface Analysis that offers in-depth instruction and hands-on demonstrations of these major surface analysis techniques.
Registration Closed and Workshop cancelled. To schedule a personal tour or meet with engineers contact Mandy Economos at (216) 368-3868, firstname.lastname@example.org.
We will be organizing a new workshop Summer 2013 based upon interest so let us know! We encourage visitors and engineers offer training one-on-one at our regular "Federally approved" hourly rates.


St Thomas was born in 1118. He was King Henry’s chancellor and later Archbishop of Canterbury. He found himself in almost constant opposition to the King and was eventually sent into exile. Although he was later recalled, he still opposed the King. Three days after Christmas day, 1170, he was murdered at the alter of his cathedral in Canterbury by four of the King’s knights. His martyrdom led to his canonization in 1170.


Cancer prevention and control: World Health Assembly resolution approved
For the first time in the history of WHO, an opportunity to reinforce comprehensive cancer policies and strategies among its Member States has presented itself.
Adopted cancer prevention and control resolution, May 2005
The 58th World Health Assembly resolution on cancer prevention and control (WHA58.22) adopted in May 2005, calls on Member States to intensify action against cancer by developing and reinforcing cancer control programmes. This is being done by implementing the four components of cancer control: prevention, early detection, diagnosis & treatment and palliative care.
The resolution on cancer prevention and control is available as a document in the six WHO official languages:


Type 2 diabetes, once the sole province of overweight adults, now affects kids who have poor eating habits and get little exercise.
Why is it so important to watch kids' weight? Eighty percent of overweight kids become overweight adults, but those kids are not guaranteed to become diabetics. Parents can do a lot to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in their kids—even if the parents already have it. The American Diabetes Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics offer these tips:
Ban habits that lead to overeating. Make kids use a plate and eat at the table.
Make sure kids exercise. They need an hour a day, all or most days. Sports teams are one option, but outdoor play, such as running around and bike riding, are other options.
Control portions. Don't let kids overeat. Switch to smaller plates to encourage smaller portions.
Delay seconds at mealtime. Wait 15 to 20 minutes before you offer seconds.
Don't buy junk food. Offer low-calorie snacks such as carrots, celery, Italian ices, low-fat cheese, or fresh fruit.
Limit or get rid of soda and other sweetened beverages. These have a lot of calories with minimal nutritional value.
Cut back television time and other sedentary "screen time," such as video games and computers. Two hours a day or less is all that's recommended.
Set a good example. Eat in a healthier manner—and exercise too.
If you have questions about your child's nutritional needs, be certain to check with your pediatrician.
What Do You Really Know About Diabetes?Nearly 26 million Americans ...Diabetes Quiz ►


Cincinnati Zoo remembers last passenger pigeon
Martha died 100 years ago
The Cincinnati Zoo remembers the last known passenger pigeon with a renovated memorial 100 years after the bird's death at the zoo.
The zoo also is holding a series of events and lectures in honor of "Martha," the pigeon that died at the zoo on Sept. 1, 1914.
Monday's 100-year anniversary observance plans included a media preview of the renovated memorial. The zoo's executive director says officials hope visitors to the renovated exhibit will become inspired to learn more about what they can do to help species conservation.
The new exhibit includes a pair of hand carved wood passenger pigeons, information about Martha and the extinct species along with the positive efforts of conservation to save endangered species in recent years.
"It’s an important message to spread," zoo director Thane Maynard said. “It’s a solemn day, with the passing of Martha and the recognition of this century, but it's also a hopeful day."
One goal of the renovation was to update the building where Martha is believed to have been housed. But zoo officials also want to provide more information about Martha and the protection and conservation work that followed the once-flourishing species' extinction.
All over the world people are better educated, people in bigger numbers are working to save endangered species.


.LDR File Extension
What is an LDR file?
File created by LDraw, a suite of CAD tools used to build digital 3D LEGO models; contains the dimensions of LEGO bricks and their placements within a 3D coordinate system; used for saving LEGO designs.
The term "LDraw" can actually refer to different things, including the original DOS LDraw program, the LDraw parts library, the LDraw tool suite, or the LDraw standard file format. It most commonly refers to the file format or the LDraw tool suite.
The LDraw tool suite includes MLCAD (Mike's LEGO Computer Aided Design) for constructing LDR files, LDview for viewing LDR files, and other tools for converting LDR files to the .POV format.
NOTE: LDR files are saved in a plain text format.


Fort Wayne, IN
Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 253,691 at the 2010 Census making it the 74th largest city in the United States. The municipality is located in northeastern Indiana, approximately 18 miles (29 km) west of the Ohio border and 50 miles (80 km) south of the Michigan border.
Fort Wayne is the principal city of the Fort Wayne Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that encompasses Allen, Wells, and Whitley counties, for an estimated population of 414,315. In addition to those three counties, the Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn CSA, a combined statistical area, includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, and Noble counties, for a population of 610,015.
Under the direction of American Revolutionary War statesman General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, the United States Army built Fort Wayne last in a series of forts near the Miami Indian village of Kekionga in 1794. Named in Wayne's honor, Fort Wayne established itself at the confluence of the St. Joseph River, St. Marys River, and Maumee River as a trading post for European settlers. The village was platted in 1823 and experienced tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal.


On April 21, 1949, a completely outdoor turbine-generator was placed into commercial operation at the Greens Bayou electric power plant--the first fully outdoor unit to operate in the United States. The demand for unprecedented quantities of electricity after World War II pressed utilities to provide addition power quickly. The outdoor design, unlike the traditional large turbine hall, resulted in significant reductions in the cost per kilowatt to build the plant. To remove protective housings, engineers dealt with issues such as the freezing of water-based systems, weather exposure, corrosion, and ease of maintenance access to sealed components. On- line lead time and maintenance was made easier and less expensive by outdoor plants.
This 66 megawatt turbine-generator at Greens Bayou was one of the earliest AIEE-ASME Preferred Standard units applied in the utility industry. Design engineer Walton Sinton was primarily responsible for the unit, incorporating side-mounted condensers that permitted lowering the floor and the use of a gantry crane on the turbine deck, which eliminated main structural steel supports required in turbine halls. It was Westinghouse Electric Company's first outdoor preferred standard unit. Greens Bayou No. 1 was placed in service 21 months after the order date. As a result of its success, outdoor power plants were subsequently used at many other locations, even when exposed to hurricane force winds and torrential rains.
Predecessors to the Greens Bayou plant were built beginning in 1933, when General Electric installed a power plant in Schenectady, New York, which placed only the turbine and boiler outside. Greens Bayou was the first eliminate the removable cover and carry the outdoor concept to its logical conclusion by placing all components- -boiler, turbine-generator, condenser, and auxiliaries--outdoors.
The plant operated until December 31, 1986, closing after nearly 40 years of service. It is intact and operable in needed.


It's a bird, it's a plane, NO! it's
Krypton was discovered in Britain in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay. Its was discovered by evaporating liquid air and the residue that was left, there it was. It is a colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field. It is used in high speed photography, it is used in light bulbs and in signs to make the glow brighter.


Hinoki cypress is a conical, evergreen, coniferous tree with leaves that are actually minute scales on tiny branches in the form of fans. The outer foliage of ‘Aurea’ is golden and the inner is green. Growth can be slow. Use as a specimen or use several as screening.
Noteworthy CharacteristicsSoft, stringy bark. Golden fans of foliage. Introduced from Japan around 1860.
CareGrows best in moist but well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic soil. Full sun.
50+ Seeds Hinoki Cypress
- Genus: Chamaecyparis
- Plant Width: 15 to 30 feet
- Plant Height: 30 feet or more
- Zones: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
- Light: Full Sun
- Characteristics: Interesting Bark, Showy Foliage
- Moisture: Medium Moisture
- Growth Rate: Moderate
- Maintenance: Moderate
- Foliage Color: Purple/Burgundy


A smart composite material that senses cracks as they develop and then repairs the damage could make the next generation of aeroplanes safer.
Composites are widely used in bicycles, fishing rods, racing cars and aircraft, and the first all-composite aircraft - the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 - are on the way.
A polymer resin typically makes up most of the bulk of a composite, while fibres of a stronger material, such as carbon or glass, are embedded in it to add strength. By varying the type and amounts of resin and fibre, composites are tuned to produce different combinations of lightness and strength.
These materials can weaken through delamination, in which the fibres begin to part from the resin. This can be caused by the material experiencing a hard impact, absorbing liquids, or simply getting old. Repeated loading of a composite - caused by the pressurisation and ...
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes in eating to balance yin and yang, hot and cold. For example: Eat for the Seasons. In summer, when the body is exposed to heat, one should eat “cold” foods such as watermelon, iceberg lettuce, apples, and stay away from “hot” foods such as red meat, spicy foods, alcohol.
TCM diagnoses by organ system. Each organ system is in charge of certain functions in the body, and each organ has foods that can either hurt them or help them. The Spleen system, for example, influences digestion, muscles, blood, energy, and others. If this system has weakened (from overwork, stress, poor diet), it needs foods that can help it maintain balance and strength (warm foods, less sugar and dairy, no raw foods) rather than cause it to weaken more (ice cream, raw veggies, cookies).
Kerri also incorporates some traditional allopathic dietary suggestions. For example, do you have pain? Try an anti-inflammatory diet: decrease sugar, processed foods, trans fats, nightshade vegetables (peppers, eggplant, tomato, potato), caffeine, and instead focusing on foods that can heal you, such as foods containing Omega 3 fats (salmon, flaxseed, walnuts). Also, some patients have had success from a gluten-free diet.
During the initial visit, Kerri will discuss your diet and nutritional history and offer suggestions of how to eat in order to create or restore wellness.


NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day:
Tomorrow -- Monday -- Mercury will cross the face of the Sun, as seen from Earth. Called a transit, the last time this happened was in 2016. Because the plane of Mercury's orbit is not exactly coincident with the plane of Earth's orbit, Mercury usually appears to pass over or under the Sun. The featured time-lapse sequence, superimposed on a single frame, was taken from a balcony in Belgium shows the entire transit of 2003 May 7. That solar crossing lasted over five hours, so that the above 23 images were taken roughly 15 minutes apart. The north pole of the Sun, the Earth's orbit, and Mercury's orbit, although all different, all occur in directions slightly above the left of the image. Near the center and on the far right, sunspots are visible. After Monday, the next transit of Mercury will occur in 2032. Watch: the November 11 Transit of Mercury from Earth or from Space.
Photo by Dominique Dierick


The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small gliding possum originating from the marsupial family.
The sugar glider is native to eastern and northern mainland Australia (as well as being introduced to Tasmania, Australia) and is also native to New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago.
Sugar gliders can be found all throughout the northern and eastern parts of mainland Australia, as well as the surrounding islands of Tasmania, Papua, New Guinea, and Indonesia. They can be found in any forest where there is food supply but are commonly found in forests with eucalyptus trees. They are nocturnal, meaning they sleep in their nests during the day and are active at night. At night, they hunt for insects and small vertebrates and feed on the sweet sap of certain species of eucalyptus, acacia and gum trees. The sugar glider is named for its preference for nectarous foods and its ability to glide through the air, much like a flying squirrel.
When suitable habitats are present, sugar gliders can be seen 1 per 1,000 square meters provided that there are tree hollows available for shelter. They live in groups of up to eight adults, plus the current season’s young, all sharing a nest and defending their territory, an example of helping at the nest. A dominant adult male will mark his territory and members of the group with saliva and a scent produced by separate glands on the forehead and chest. Intruders who lack the appropriate scent marking are expelled violently.


Ruddy Duck with Black Cheeks
I don’t know if I am just really lucky this year or more observant but I found another oddball Ruddy Duck recently. Instead of a leucistic female this time a male with black cheeks and small white lines beneath its eyes crossed my path. The dark-cheeked Ruddy Duck was in the same spot as the leucistic female – Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge’s East Pond – and I even spotted and digiscoped it from the same vantage point. While at first I entertained thoughts of Masked Duck, mostly because I had never seen one and didn’t know the relevant field marks, a phone call to a fellow birder quickly dispelled that pipe dream. Nonetheless, I was pleased to find such an odd Ruddy Duck, though it turns out that black-cheeked Ruddy Ducks aren’t such an oddity. WhatBird even mentions them: “Some males show all black head, lacking white cheek patches.”
Despite the bird not being terribly unusual I had never come across such a Ruddy Duck before and now I wonder about other possible oddball ruddies. What will I find next?
Enjoy these shots and make sure to pick through the flocks of common birds. Eventually you will find something cool!
If you liked this post and want to see more great images of birds make sure to check out 10,000 Clicks, our big (and growing) page of galleries here at 10,000 Birds.


Born to parents who were both former slaves, Florence Mills knew at an early age that she loved to sing, and that her sweet, bird-like voice, resonated with those who heard her. Performing catapulted her all the way to the stages of 1920s Broadway where she inspired everyone from songwriters to playwrights. Yet with all her success, she knew firsthand how prejudice shaped her world and the world of those around her. As a result, Florence chose to support and promote works by fellow Black performers while heralding a call for their civil rights. Harlem’s Little Blackbird is a timeless story about justice, equality, and the importance of following one’s heart and dreams. Ages 3–7.
About The Author
Renée Watson is the author of the children’s picture book, A Place Where Hurricanes Happen (Random House, June 2010), which was featured on NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Her middle grade novel, What Momma Left Me debuted as the New Voice for 2010 in middle grade fiction by The Independent Children’s Booksellers Association.Renée’s one woman show, Roses are Red, Women are Blue, debuted at New York City’s Lincoln Center at a showcase for emerging artists. Her poetry and articles have been published in Rethinking Schools, Theatre of the Mind and With Hearts Ablaze.When Renée is not writing and performing, she is teaching. Renée currently lives in New York City.
Read Aloud Tips
- Introduce the book, author and illustrations.
- Use a timeline to connect events in social justice from emancipation to civil rights.
- Give clear examples of prejudice that Black Americans faced at that time, and today.
- Singing helped Florence Mills. Asked students to identify things that make them feel more powerful. Students can make a collage to name these traits.
“With a text that stylistically sings yet is packed with information, the book introduces a woman who, though part of the Harlem Renaissance, is not well remembered by history.” – Booklist


Teach Kids About Money: 3 Tips to Teach Kids to Save Money for What They Want by Mei Marcie
One of the things I do at the end of each month is review my spending. As my child grows, I'm looking at teaching her how to save in three simple steps:
- Start off with a piggy bank with an easy-to-count sum, like $50.
- Create a money chart with items the child wants and will pay for out of this sum, like ice cream, books and toys.
- Track the money at the end of the month and let the savings go into the bank. Next month is a fresh $50.
The child may earn a reward if $50 can last longer this month compared to the preceding month, which encourages the child to save more!
Note: 30Seconds is a participant in the Amazon affiliate advertising program and this post contains affiliate links, which means we may earn a commission or fees if you make a purchase via those links. The content on 30Seconds.com is for informational and entertainment purposes only, and should not be considered financial advice.
Take 30 seconds and join the 30Seconds community, and follow us on Facebook to get inspiration in your newsfeed daily. Inspire and be inspired.
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Bio-Psycho-Social Assesment: How it Helps Patients
Drug addictions start for a variety of reasons. Some people begin taking drugs due to stress or depression. Others might feel peer pressure to try a drug. Still others might begin a slow descent into drug addiction because of pain and pain medications. Although the end result is all the same, it is important to identify and understand the reason behind these addictions.
When deciding the best treatment plan to use to help a recovering drug addict, it’s important to understand why they became addicted in the first place. It’s also important to understand the triggers that can cause a relapse. By knowing these important factors, Yellowstone Recovery can help create an individual treatment plan that is more likely to work.
One way that Yellowstone Recovery does this is by using a bio-psycho-social assessment. Continue reading the following infographic in order to understand more about this assessment, as well as how it can help patients recovering from drug addiction.


Media literacy instruction in today’s classrooms: A study of teachers’ knowledge, confidence, and integration
Teachers play a critical role in helping to ensure that students leave school with the skills needed to not only be critical consumers of media, but to also be thoughtful and knowledgeable producers of mediated messages. Despite the important role of teachers in media literacy education, we still know very little about teachers’ knowledge of and experiences with media literacy in the classroom. This information is a critical piece in understanding how to best support teachers as they integrate media literacy education within PreK-12 classrooms. The current study seeks to add to the growing body of research in this area by examining secondary teachers’ knowledge of media literacy, confidence incorporating it in classes, and actual integration of media literacy education in courses. Results of a survey of 71 teachers found a relationship between knowledge, confidence, and integration of media literacy. Implications of the study results are discussed.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
McNelly, T. A., & Harvey, J. (2021). Media literacy instruction in today’s classrooms: A study of teachers’ knowledge, confidence, and integration. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 13(1), 108-130. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2021-13-1-10
Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Other Communication Commons, Secondary Education Commons


Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. The normal blood circulation involves flow of blood from artery to capillaries to a vein. With an AV fistula, capillaries are bypassed making a direct flow between an artery and a vein which ultimately reduces the blood supply to the tissues otherwise supplied by the normal capillaries. AV fistula is an acquired lesion which means someone is not born with it but acquired later in life due to infection, traumatic injury, tumor, surgery or in some cases without any precipitating event. Please read more in the Dural Arteriovenous Malformation (DAVF) chapter.
AV fistula can be treated by endovascular embolization, open surgery or by combination of both methods. Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive procedure in which endovascular surgeon makes a small incision in groin area. The surgeon then passes the navigating tube through the femoral artery and advances up into the artery which is forming AV fistula. Through this navigating tube, the surgeon then injects an embolizing agent such as glue like substance (usually onyx), micro coil or a metallic stent to physically block the blood supply of AV fistula. In some cases, open surgery (Craniotomy or Laminectomy) is required after endovascular treatment to physically remove the AV fistula.
Please see section of neurosurgical procedures for more information on open surgical treatment of brain and spine AV fistula.


Book: Collapse; how societies choose to fail or survive
Collapse; how societies choose to fail or survive.
Jared Diamond, Penguin Books.
What was going through the head of the man who chopped down the last tree on Easter Island?
Had he been reflective he would have realised that there would be no more fishing boats with a famine that would reduce the stone statue civilisation to a small band of cannibals.
This book traces many historic civilisations. Some of which have destroyed their environment through exploitation ( see Dirt review ) Other island cultures have preserved trees, valued wildlife and limited human reproduction and have thrived from millennia. The collapse of the Greenland Norse and Maya civilisations are well told.
One illustration of the book’s title is provided on the single island that makes up Haiti and the Dominican Republic. One side has deforestation, topsoil erosion and corruption whilst the other maintains forests and farmland.
The final chapters look at the choices facing the western economies. To scale back on expansion and live quietly within environmental limits, maintaining soil and trees in stable low carbon communities, or to continue headlong with increased growth and exploitation over the cliff of peak oil and climate change.


They are providing some educational activities for all year levels, P-12 which has the main focused on environment.
Their approach is learning through engagement in the environment, hands on participation and movement based as much as achievable. Their excursions are tailored to personal school wishes as needed.
Their most popular journey is beginning to the intertidal environment and the animals living on there, with a series of rock pool based actions that agreed students to determine discover a little regarding their lifecycle and what lives in rock pools, adaptations to that atmosphere where they survives and extraordinary environment of the Victorian coastline.
Please use the Contact form on the right for South Gippsland Environmental Education & Interpretation information and ordering.


Returns ascent of the current font at its current size.
Returns ascent of the current font at its current size. This information is useful for determining the height of the font above the baseline.
This method is the same as text_ascent() but linked to a
Py5Graphics object. To see example code for how it can be used, see text_ascent().
Underlying Processing method: PGraphics.textAscent
text_ascent() -> float
Updated on March 06, 2023 02:49:26am UTC


In this course, we will be walking through the core vocabulary needed to pass the N5 JLPT. Each section will have a brief introduction and usage notes as well as some activities before finishing with a quick quiz.
Generally speaking, the vocabulary you see at this level will be pretty common stuff that you will see/hear on a daily basis if you are using Japanese. Things like common actions, family members, numbers, directions and common function words that are used very often. And although 700 words seems like a lot, it is still not as much as you need to have a comfortable conversation. It is a good start though.
Learning vocabulary at any level involves two things – SRS (Spaced Repetition System) and exposure. SRS is a system of learning vocabulary (and sometimes grammar) that involves spacing out the items you are learning so that you review them at regular intervals, read this for more details. Exposure involves reading, listening, and using language as much as you can periodically. Vocabulary is something that needs time to grow, the number of times you study is better than the amount of time you spend in each study session.
This course will introduce you to all the key words, but be sure to do regular review with either the Ultimate Deck on Ankiweb or the N5 course on Memrise so that you can lock all these words in for the test.


For amateur golfers, a lot of terms you hear on the course might be confusing and difficult to understand. This article explains some common golf terms that will make it easier to understand the game better.
This refers to the number of strokes a golfer should hit his golf ball for it to get into the hole.
Also referred to as a hole-in-one, this is the rarest occurrence on a golf course. It happens when a golfer hits the ball directly into the hole with their first shot.
This is regarded as a warning made by golfers at the course. Usually, it is sounded to make a warning of the possibility of a golf ball about to hit a player or a spectator.
These are small stands made from wood, and some are plastic. They are used to hold a golf ball off the ground for the player to take a strike.
Refers to a gentle stroke on the green using a putter aimed at sinking the ball into a hole.
This is a golf club that has a flat edge that makes the ball roll smoothly into a hole on the green.
These are surfaces specially prepared for the golfers aiming to putt their golf balls in a specific game round. This is where you will find the hole and the flag.
This is a club designed with a wooden head. It is mostly used during the tee shots, and it strikes balls the furthest.
Iron refers to all the metal clubs in a player’s golf bag. They are numbered from one to nine. The clubs labelled one will hit your ball furthest while those labelled nine will give you the shortest hit.
These are sand traps constructed to make it challenging and difficult for the pro-golfers to make a hole. They help to bring out the true skill of a golfer.


Montan Wax is derived by solvent extraction of lignite. The earliest production of montan wax on a commercial scale was in Germany during the latter half of the nineteenth century, and Germany continues to lead the world in production of montan wax; some montan wax is produced in US frin long lignite bed in California.
The composition of montan wax varies geographically with production, but includes varying amounts of wax, resin and asphalt. The largest traditional use of Montan wax is in the formulations of carbon paper inks. The decrease in use of carbon paper resulted in montan wax being further refined for use in the formulation of polishes and as plastics lubricants. Montan wax is hard and brittle and has a high melt point; its properties are similar to those of natural plant waxes such as carnauba, which it can replace.


> Ambystoma leorae
Ambystoma leorae (Leora's Stream Salamander)
Synonyms: Rhyacosiredon leorae
The Leora's Stream Salamander or Ajolote (Ambystoma leorae) is a species of mole salamander in the Ambystomatidae family. It is found only in Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The family Ambystomatidae or the mole salamanders diverged from all other salamanders in the Early Cretaceous period over 140 million years ago, around five million years before the koala and dolphin lineages diverged from their common ancestor. The small number of species that represent the genus Ambystoma are highly evolutionarily distinct members of both the salamanders and the amphibians as a whole. Leoras Stream Salamander appears to be confined to the upper tributaries of the Balsas River, central Mexico. Conservation and restoration of this habitat is an urgent priority in order to save this species from extinction in the future.
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0)
Unique & Vulnerable (100)
Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) Sites
Species recognized by , , in
Endangered Status provided by IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org
> Downloaded on 11 April 2013.
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder
Protected Areas provided by Le Saout, S., Hoffmann, M., Shi, Y., Hughes, A., Bernard, C., Brooks, T.M., Bertzky, B., Butchart, S.H.M., Stuart, S.N., Badman, T. & Rodrigues, A.S.L. (2013) Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation
. Science, 342, 803–805
Range map provided by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Conservation International & NatureServe.


RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - DECEMBER 03: People gather on Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, which will host rowing and canoeing events in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, on December 3, 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The picturesque lagoon is challenged by environmental problems including sewage, pollution, poor drainage and chronic fish die-offs. Close to 70 percent of the sewage in Rio drains untreated and sometimes drains into the waterways which will host Olympics events. Rio's Olympic committee has said it will fix the pollution issues before the events. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.


WHAT IS A KANJI LETTER FOR BLUE?
Blue says AO in Japanese.
If you like it, you can download free PNG data at the end of this page. I'm a native Japanese and I guarantee you that every kanji letter is 100% accurate.
Hope it helps for your tattoo ideas and designs!
HOW TO READ
AO, SEI, SHOU
- young, immature
It gives cool, calm, and refreshing impressions.
The top part of the character pictures glass growing from the earth.
The bottom one stands for a mineral used for dye.
The whole symbol represents “a mineral that has glass-like color” and that makes the meaning of blue.
In Japanese culture, the green color is sometimes called “blue”. For example, we call a traffic gree light AO SHINGOU. The actual color is green but the word is blue.
?? It’s confusing!
I agree. It happens because ancient Japanese people didn’t tell blue from green. The word BLUE included both meanings of blue and green. This custom still remains in the current culture.
You can download the kanji data with transparent PNG format. Each letter is made in 1000px X 1000px. Available for any purposes and no link or credit is needed. Feel free to take it!


Art Lesson 38, Part 19
Find out about Pentimenti in Rembrandt’s paintings
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Pentimenti in Rembrandt’s paintings
Because Rembrandt worked-up the design of his compositions directly on the canvas, brushing underpainting sketchily, they often ended with him redesigning the composition or making slight alterations to some passages. X-rays frequently reveal significant changes in his paintings.
For an example, let’s have a look at a few paintings.
In Judas Returning the 30 Pieces of Silver, Rembrandt changed many things in the initial design. First, he laid in architectural elements, and then created the compositional drawing with figures. These ideas were transferred from paper to panel. Thereafter, Rembrandt changed the architectural arrangement several times (for example, the arch on the right was raised). Also, the figure of the seated High Priest was painted over the standing figure, the tonality of the left-hand side of the painting was changed, and the curtain was replaced with the table and book. Three standing priests were painted over the seated one, and Juda’s money bag – that was originally beside his knees – was moved behind him.
The X-ray of Self Portrait at the Age of 34 reveals two notable pentimenti. Originally, the portrait included the artist’s left hand. Also, the collar has a more rounded shape and the shirtfront was longer.


Build the American Culture
Week 13 – Build a Western Street:
Includes individual pieces — walls, building tops and sign, boardwalks, porches, windows and doors, porches and more — to help build a fine western street.
Week 14 – Build a Tenement Diorama
Provides walls and furnishings to allow students to create a model of a big city tenement in the 1800’s.Week 16 – Build an Industrialist Monopoly Pieces of a gameboard help students create a fun version of the game Monopoly that utilizes facts and background from the time of industrialist monopolies.
Week 18 – American Inventors Game
A set of playing cards to help students discover more about inventors and their inventions.
Week 25 – Life in the Great Depression Game
An oversized game board similar to the gameLife, which allows students to discover the ups and downs of the Great Depression.


Remembering September 11: Elementary (Grades K–6)
These whiteboard-ready interactive timelines provide everything you need to address the curiosity your students have about the events of the September 11 terrorist attacks using images and text appropriate for younger students. Each timeline page includes on-screen Extra Support including: helpful hints, vocabulary support, and background information. Teacher Support materials provide full lesson plans, discussion questions for using the timelines, and ideas for how to differentiate the instruction for younger or older students.
Try it Out
Remembering September 11 Timeline: Attacks on the United States
Click through this timeline on the whiteboard to help students understand the shock, sadness, and heroism that took place on September 11, 2001.
Remembering September 11 Timeline: After the Attacks on the United States
Another interactive timeline to help students understand the effects of the September 11 attacks.
Remembering September 11: Teacher Support Pages
Full lesson-plans for helping young students understand what terrorism is and ideas for using the interactive timelines in class.


Level: Medium to High
Language: Future forms, Technology, Negotiation
In 1995, Newsweek magazine published an article about how the internet would never really become popular in the future. Well, it seems that even the experts can sometime get it wrong (even if the author did make some correct predictions about fake news).
In this lesson, students watch a video showing 10 recent inventions and decide which gadgets and devices will become popular in the future. They then decide which invention(s) they would invest their money in. Maybe their guess will be as good as the experts’.
Click here for more great video worksheets from Picnic English. They’re all free and ready to print with no subscription required.


In this tutorial I will be talking about star trails photography.
Star trails are created by rotation of earth. Results will depend on how dark is the place and the direction of shooting. shooting at the direction of Polaris ( the north star ) will results as circles as shown in the picture below. Taken by David Malin Nasa


The Hip Harness Carrying System is a low-tech harness mechanism that takes advantage of the strongest structures of the lower body to withstand and carry loads while diverting weight from the spine and lower back. When wearing the device carriers have the advantage of free-hands carriage allowing them to utilize their upper body and arms for balance, additional support, carry more load, or offer assistance to victims while transporting them to safety.
The device’s main purpose is to be used as a rescuing aid for responders traversing on challenging terrains such as urban slums, sites hit by natural disasters, and confined spaces with limited room for maneuvering. However, the advantage of providing hands-free carriage and releasing weight from the carrier’s spine can benefit a number of other workers and tasks. Some expanded uses include civil construction, military, agriculture and general carrying and load bearing.
LIGHTENING THE LOAD: TRANSPORTING THE INJURED IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS
2008 IDSA Conference Proceedings


The Right of National Sovereignty and the Powers Deriving There from
Absolute sovereignty over the world and man belongs to God, and it is He Who has made man master of his own social destiny. No one can deprive man of this divine right, nor subordinate it to the vested interests of a particular individual or group. The people are to exercise this divine right in the manner specified in the following articles.
The powers of government in the Islamic Republic are vested in the legislature, the judiciary, and the executive powers, functioning under the supervision of the absolute wilayat al-'amr and the leadership of the Ummah, in accordance with the forthcoming articles of this Constitution. These powers are independent of each other.
The function of the legislature are to be exercised through the Islamic Consultative Assembly, consisting of the elected representatives of the people. Legislation approved by this body, after going through the stages specified in the articles below, is communicated to the executive and the judiciary for implementation.
In extremely important economic, political, social, and cultural matters, the function of the legislature may be exercised through direct recourse to popular vote through a referendum. Any request for such direct recourse to public opinion must be approved by two-thirds of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
The functions of the executive, except in the matters that are directly placed under the jurisdiction of the Leadership by the Constitution, are to be exercised by the president and the ministers.
The function of the judiciary are to be performed by courts of justice, which are to be formed in accordance with the criteria of Islam, and are vested with the authority to examine and settle lawsuits, protect the rights of the public, dispense and enact justice, and implement the Divine limits [al-hudud al-Ilahiyyah].


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This course seeks to create an informed public, aware of the technical, medical, legal, and ethical issues associated with implantable medical devices. The course features conversations with experts from a variety of relevant fields to discuss the present and future technological, ethical, legal, and social challenges associated with implantable medical devices.
DISCLAIMER: This course is intended for educational purposes only. None of the information provided in this course constitutes medical or legal advice. If you have medical or legal questions, contact your physician or attorney.
Introduction and Medical Issues
This module introduces you to the technical, medical, legal, and ethical issues associated with the hacking of medical devices.
Technical Issues Part 1
Technical Issues Part 2
Ethical and Policy Issues
Ethical and social issues, what does this mean for the future?
Michael Bachmann, Lauren Solberg, Brittany Bachmann, Adam Shniderman and Molly Weinburgh


Elul is an auspicious month for examining one’s deeds and making Teshuva. The letters of the word Elul in Hebrew correspond to the initials of the verse “Ani LeDodi VeDodi Li” (Shir HaShirim 6:3), which means that Hashem is especially close to us during this month. The numerical value of the Sofe Tevot (the last letter of each word) of this verse is 40, corresponding to the number of days that Moshe Rabbenu went up to Mount Sinai to beseech Hashem for atonement. This is why we recite Selihot for 40 days-commencing in the beginning of Elul and culminating on Yom Kippur-just as Moshe Rabbenu did when receiving the second Tablets.
The Arizal writes (Pri Etz Haim, Shaar Rosh Hashana, ch. 1) that the letters of Elul correspond to the initials of the verse “[VaAsher Lo Tzada VeHaElokim] Ina Leyado Vesamti Lecha [Makom Asher Yanus Shama]” (Shemot 21:13). In context, this verse explains that cities of refuge are to be provided for one who inadvertently killed one’s fellow as a form of protection from vengeful relatives. Therefore, Elul is symbolically a month in which we can seek refuge from any sins we may have committed inadvertently, and to ask for forgiveness for them. The Arizal also writes that Elul also stands for “Ye’alelun Et Ar’a”, the Aramaic translation of the verse dealing with the Spies’ scouting of the Land of Israel. As such, Elul is a month in which we need to “scout out” and take stock of our positive and negative deeds from the previous year. Finally, Sefer Amarcal explains that Elul stands for “Ish Le’Re’ehu Umatanot LaEvyonim”, the verse from Megilat Esther that talks about the gift-giving that happens on Purim, which also alludes to the fact that in Elul one should increase one’s good deeds to one’s fellows.
Summary: Elul is a time when one should increase one’s good deeds and examines one’s previous actions, in preparation for Rosh Hashana.


IT workers need soft skills, too!
November 25, 2019 - By Dr. Di
You may not remember this, but there was a time when IT functions were very separate from other things going on in an office—maybe because computers were huge and kept in refrigerated rooms. But, no more. Now tech staff are working right along with—actually collaborating with–other business employees to produce the most creative result possible. In a recent global survey conducted by Deloitte, it was found that three soft skills sets for tech people are growing in importance: 1) Creativity, which involves being able to think about users and customers as human beings who will experience products in a unique way; 2) Flexibility of Thinking, where the tech person will be able to take a multifaceted (not just data-driven) approach to problem-solving; and 3) Emotional Intelligence (EI), where the tech employee will have a mature, ego-less way of communicating and relating to others. That is, they will display a high level of EI in their interactions with others by being self-aware and empathetic in their approach.
I’m not saying to forget about developing your analytic and data skills—they will be sought by employers for the foreseeable future. But, also work on honing your soft skills and increasing your emotional intelligence by choosing experiences where you’ll have a chance to be your most accomplished self.


What are ratings?
Age ratings are systems used to ensure that entertainment content, such as films, videos, DVDs, and computer games, are clearly labelled by age according to the content they contain. Age ratings provide guidance to consumers (particularly parents) to help them decide whether or not to buy a particular product.
Computer and video games are now enjoyed by millions of players throughout Europe. In the UK, 37 % of the population aged between 16 and 49 describe themselves as ‘active gamers’ (defined as currently playing games on a console, handheld or PC). In comparison, in Spain and Finland 28% of the population aged 16 and 49 are defined as ‘active gamers’(Nielsen report 2008). While most games (49%) are suitable for players of all ages there are many that are only suitable for older children and young teenagers. There are also some games (4%) that are made for adults only (over the age of 18).
The rating on a game confirms that it is suitable for players over a certain age. Accordingly, a PEGI 7 game is only suitable for those aged seven and above and an PEGI 18 game is only suitable for adults aged eighteen and above. The PEGI rating considers the age suitability of a game, not the level of difficulty.
PEGI is used and recognised throughout Europe and has the enthusiastic support of the European Commission. It is considered to be a model of European harmonisation in the field of the protection of children.


This is a model of unknown scale of the U.S. Air Force Snark, the nation's first intercontinental guided missile. It had a nuclear warhead, an air-breathing engine, two solid-fuel boosters to assist in take-off, a cruising speed of close to Mach 1, and a range of over 6,300 miles. The missile was deployed with the U.S. Air Force from 1957-1961, at which time the increasing numbers of the larger and more accurate Atlas and Titan intercontinental ballistic missiles rendered the Snark obsolete. John and Cynthia Heyde donated the model to NASM in the late 1980s.
Gift of John S. and Cynthia H. Heyde.


Today we can find synthetic polymers in almost every application. These can be exchanged with natural polymers that doesn’t harm people or the environment. Below are just some of the areas where use of natural polymers as Chitin, Chitosan and Alginate may be relevant:
- Water treatment
Chitosan is a coagulant/flocculant in water treatment with the treatment efficiency for particulate material of 99% or higher. It is a good alternative to the traditional metal-based coagulants as the problem of metal residues is avoided. Besides, the sludge volume is reduced by approximately 50% when chitosan is used, and absence of the metal content in sludge allows applying it in agriculture.
- Food and beverages
Chitosan is a component of cholesterol-lowering products and dietary fibers, which work by absorbing fat molecules, allowing them to pass through the digestive tract without being digested. The polymer is also a biological preservative, thickener and stabilizer.
Chitin and Chitosan are natural soil fertilizers with an ability to stimulate microbiological activity in the soil and promote plant growth.
Chitosan forms a translucent film on the surface of fruits, vegetables and seeds, prolonging their storage period, or induces a series of defensive reaction mechanisms on fruits and vegetables, blocking attacks from bacterias. It can function as a frost protector as well.
Chitosan and Chitin are the essential components in skin-care creams, shampoos and hairsprays since they function like thickeners, possess antibacterial properties and are able to prevent cosmetic dehydration.
Chitin and its derivatives have been studied in medicine and pharmaceutic as immunologic, bacteriostatic, hemostatic and antitumoral components, dressing materials and polymers for controlled drug delivery and release.
- Other applications
- Healing of burns
- Sewing threads in surgery
- Plastic production
- Impregnation of textiles and wood
- Additive in ice cream


Newly-discovered fossils from a hilltop in the Sahara Desert may date back to more than 300,000 years, but they are certainly resonating with modern-day scientists. That's because the newfound Homo sapiens fossils debunk longstanding thought about the origins of humans' closest ancestors, according to USA Today.
Scientists excavated three young adults, one adolescent and a child of about seven or eight years old.
The unearthed 300,000 year-old-fossils outdated the next-oldest fossils that scientists had previously discovered, which clocked in at about 200,000 years old, and were found in eastern Africa--dubbed the "Garden of Eden" for its supposedly pivotal role as humanity's birthplace.
The new fossils, however, are from Morocco in far northern Africa, which supports the theory that the evolution of modern humans was a process that occurred across the African continent, not in one particular place.
“There is no Garden of Eden in Africa,” said Jean-Jacques Hublin, co-author of two new studies describing the fossils and a paleontologist at Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “Or if there is a Garden of Eden, it’s the size of Africa.”
The discovery is historic, nonetheless, because it confirms the idea that humans did not appear like the "Big Bang," according to paleoanthropologist Bernard Wood of George Washington University, who was not associated with the study.
The fossils were excavated from a site called Jebel Irhoud, where similar fossils were discovered in the 1960s. Scientists, who revisited the site to confirm their age of about 40,000 years, instead stumbled upon more fossils.


I opened this chapter talking about COBOL, so I guess I'd better briefly describe how you get to it from within Visual B++. The first step is to find a COBOL compiler that can create DLL code-Micro Focus' COBOL Workbench version 4 will do nicely (version 3.4 is the latest 16-bit version). The rest of the steps are pretty obvious. (See Q103226 in the Microsoft Knowledge Base for more information.) You're going to call into the DLL to get at your heritage code. Why rewrite when you can re-position?
Maybe you have a bunch of scientific routines to write and your language of choice for these is FORTRAN (DIGITAL Visual Fortran 5.0 is a good choice here-MLP is especially easy with Visual Fortran 5.0 as it's based on Microsoft's Developer Studio).
Building your own little language
I'm getting off the topic a bit so I'll be brief here. Specialized, so_called "little languages" (actually some aren't so little) can be easily created using tools such as lex and yacc. (These tools can be used to build type 2 (context-free) languages as classified by the Chomsky language hierarchy). These tools came from the UNIX world originally but are now widely available for other operating systems, including Windows and DOS. The tool lex builds lexical analyzers and yacc (which stands for Yet Another Compiler Compiler) builds parsers. For example, lex can build a program that can break down code like x = a * b * c() / 3 into identifiable chunks, and yacc can build a program that can check that the chunks make syntactic sense, in the order identified by lex (which is as they're written above). As well as syntax checking your code, yacc normally generates output code to perform whatever it is that your grammar has just described, in this case math.
Note that yacc can generate any kind of code-it can output C, C++, Assembler, COBOL, or Visual B++. So by using lex and yacc you can create grammars and language compilers to perform specialized tasks. If you want to learn more about these tools see the Mortice Kern Systems Inc. Web site at


Gold Stars KS2 Science: Ages 7-9
Shine in class and in tests with this study survival manual. Feed your brain and show what you can do! Designed to support your everyday study and SATs performance, this book is jammed with smart tactics to whip your brain into shape. It’s got simple exercises, handy definitions of key words and concepts, and clear learning targets to help you stay on track right through the school year. Diagrams and illustrations give visual reminders of everything you’ve learned, while twenty practice tests will get you into shape for the big test day!


This very rare surname is a variant spelling of Norman-French locational and perhaps job descriptive 'Argent' or 'Argeus' meaning one who lived or worked at a Silver mine, or who came from one of the several French Villages called by the same names. There are a number of variant spelling including Argo, Harg, Hargess, and Hargerie, Hargie being a further development from the latter version. The name development and recordings include Maria Hargie recorded in Stepney on September 8th 1859 and again on April 13th 1864 when the spelling had changed to Harrgie! It is interesting to note that the first recorded name holder married his wife Elizabeth Auston during the Great Siege of York from April to July 2nd 1644.The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Robert Hargerie, which was dated June 7th 1644, married at Holy Trinity Church, Mickiegate, Yorkshire, during the reign of King Charles, known as the Martyr, 1625 - 1649. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2017


Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues
Let us enjoy reading this Hindu Mythological Story of Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues.
Vinata, mother of Garuda, had been enslaved by the nagas after she had quarreled with their mother, Kadru. The nagas offered to release Vinata from servitude if Garuda brought them amrita (nectar of immortality) from the moon.
Garuda brought the nectar after overcoming numerous obstacles, battling even the gods in the process.
The nagas were delighted when he placed the pot containing the nectar before them. They let Vinata go and then they went to wash themselves before partaking of the ambrosia.
On their return they found the pot missing. Indra had taken it away. The nagas feverishly tried to lick up the drops of nectar that had fallen on the darbha grass on which the pot had been kept. They didn't get much nectar, but the sharp blades of the grass slit their tongues. Snakes ever since have had forked tongues.
Fact File: Snakes smell with the help of their tongues and an organ of smell called Jacobson's organ in the roof of the mouth. A forked tongue helps them smell better. Besides snakes, a few species of lizards too have forked tongues.
Go to The Short Stories Index
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According to the Greek researchers, a few cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart disease.
The study showed that green tea improves blood flow and the ability of arteries to relax, said Charalambos Vlachopoulos, a cardiologist at the Athens Medical School in Greece who worked on the study.
Other studies have shown that black tea also has benefits for cardiovascular health.
The Greek team said they believed green tea is better because it had higher quantities of beneficial compounds called flavonoids — some of which are lost in the oxidation process that black tea undergoes.
Flavonoids are also found in cocoa, tomatoes and grapes. “A couple of cups a day would probably be a good dose for people,” Vlachopoulos said. “This is the first study to show these effects for green tea.”
The researchers gave 14 healthy volunteers either green tea, diluted caffeine or hot water on three separate occasions and then measured the function of endothelial cells lining the circulatory system.
These cells help relax arteries and ease blood flow.
Green tea is consumed less in the Western world than black tea, but it could be more beneficial because of the way it seems to improve (circulatory) function.
Source: Yahoo News


Our team is excited to be involved with a project to engineer a satellite to be launched into space.
We will be able to measure temperature, humidity and the presence of volatile organic compounds. Our Ambasat Sprite-class satellite will be riding into space at rocket speeds onboard a NEPTUNE innovative modular launch vehicle produced by Interorbital Systems (IOS). Inside, our satellite will be jam packed and crammed tight into a luxuriously spacious CubeSat along with 199 addition Sprite-class satellites. Once in Low Earth Orbit, ground control will issue the ‘deploy’ command to jettison our poor 1 oz satellite into the dark void of space, allowing it to escape and social distant itself from its fellow cabin mates. With help only from Earth’s gravitational pull, our satellite will stay in position and in communication with the CUBsat mothership that transported it to this new altitude. The satellite is scheduled to be launched into orbit on Mar 15, 2021 and can be watched via this livestream:
This satellite will be launched in memory of our NASA loving friend and former Takasago programmer, Manual De Brito.


The Sago Palm Tree (Cycas revolute) is often called a living fossil because it is one of the most primitive seed plants alive today. Its origin traces back to ancient flora of the Mesozoic era more than 200 million years ago. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive whorled feathery leaves. These amazingly detailed DIY models start as 4" square steel sheets and finish as amazing 3D models. Use easy to follow instructions to pop out the pieces, bend the tabs, and connect them at the attachment points. Build your collection today!


The Grade 5: Numbers to 100,000 activity packet is aligned with the Ontario Grade 5 Mathematics curriculum expectations. This packet is designed to provide students with practice with the following curriculum expectations:
- Represent, compare, and order whole numbers and decimal numbers from 0 to 100 000;
- Demonstrate an understanding of place value in whole numbers and decimal numbers from 0 to 100 000;
- Read and print in words whole numbers to ten thousand;
This packet reviews numbers to 10,000 (as per the Grade 4 Mathematics expectations). Please note that this packet does not include lessons. Rather the intention of this packet is to provide practice worksheets for the above mentioned expectations. This packet also deals with whole numbers only. Decimal numbers are dealt with in a different packet.
The worksheets in this packet can be used for high flying Grade 4 students or students in Grade 6 who need more reinforcement in terms of the above mentioned expectations. If you have any questions, please feel free to let me know.
34 + Answer Keys (67 total)


Our Summary of A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich
Alice Childress's work "A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich," explores the role of human relationships. Adding race to the story, Childress examines how the pursuit of racial identity affects the human dynamic. The work is set in the inner city of New York; it is a story about a young black boy's struggle with drug addiction. With this in mind, Childress structures the work to allow for the characters to create and answer their own questions. In other words, Childress requires the characters (and the reader, by default) to think intelligently about their issues she places before them. Each of the characters has a conflicting view on the racial experience, poverty, and the effect of drug use. Some characters evaluate the problem intelligently; and others add their personal bias. By the end of "A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich," Childress provides three options for the main character to kick his habit: he can kick it by adopting healthy relationships; he can kick it by using black pride; or he can kick it by exercising his own will.
Full Book Notes and Study Guides
Comprehensive A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich study guides, summaries, cliff notes, and book notes
Short Book Summaries
Sites with a short overview, synoposis, book report, or summary of A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich By Alice Childress
Other Books by this Author
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Here's an example of a rule in English: the order of modifiers before a noun is fixed. We say "an attractive pink swimsuit" but not "a pink attractive swimsuit." Or another: what types of construction can follow a particular verb? "Risk" takes a gerund phrase ("you risked going too far") but not an infinitive (*"risked to go too far") or a noun clause (*"risked that you went too far"). These are real rules of English grammar. Pretty much all the rules that get argued about in public are not "rules" like this. "They" cannot be singular: demonstrably false. The "who/whom" distinction is a matter of subject/object uses: demonstrably false. "That" is for integrated relatives, "which" for supplementary relatives: demonstrably false.One of the others involved in the discussion is an excellent poet and sharp thinker who I have great respect for (and who would definitely prefer I had said "whom I have great respect for" – I'm not sure what her position on the stranded preposition there might be). She responded aphoristically:
Andrew, the only difference I can see between the rules you cite as real and the rules you cite as demonstrably false is that the former aren't ignored quite as often as the latter.To which I could only respond that she had hit the nail on the head:
Exactly. The "rules that are often ignored" are not real rules, but pretend rules. In fact, that helps me with a nice chiasmus to state my position: with such rules, it's not that people are ignoring rules. Rather, it's that rules are ignoring people.And that's the purpose of this post: to make a permanent record of my nice chiasmus.


Beginning farmers differ demographically from established farmers
In 1982, the Census of Agriculture reported 38 percent of principal operators had operated their farm for less than 10 years, but by 2007, this number had declined to 26 percent. In 2012, beginning farms—those headed and completely operated by farmers with 10 or fewer years of experience—made up just 17 percent of family farms. Although beginning farmers are more likely to be younger than established farmers—17 percent are under age 35, and their average age is 11 years younger (49 versus 60)—nearly 13 percent of beginning farmers are 65 or older. Beginning farmers are also more likely to be female than established farmers; nearly one in five principal operators of a beginning farm is female. Beginning farmers are also more likely than established farmers to have at least a 4-year college degree. The differing demographic profiles of beginning and established farmers may signal change for the sector as older farmers retire. This chart is from the ERS topic page on Beginning & Disadvantaged Farmers, updated October 2014.
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Tuesday Schedule Detail
Session Name: Hurricane History~~Twenty-Five Years Later – A Review of Hurricane Andrew and Its Legacy
Still the last landfalling Category 5 hurricane, Andrew remains one of the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history in terms of insurance payouts to people whose homes, vehicles and businesses were damaged by the storm when it struck Florida and Louisiana in 1992. South of Miami, Andrew destroyed entire blocks of homes – 25,000 houses in Miami-Dade County alone – and nearly 100,000 more were severely damaged.Andrew revealed Florida and other coastal state vulnerability to hurricanes had been seriously underestimated, that the insurance industry needed to reassess their exposure to catastrophic storm damage, and more government involvement in managing coastal mitigation and post-storm recovery. It also altered media coverage of landfalling hurricanes and recovery methodology. While Florida suffered catastrophic lost, Andrew made landfall in central rural Louisiana. However, the Atchafalaya Basin experienced severely damaged willow and cypress trees, and an estimated 182 million freshwater fish perished because of the resuspension of anaerobic bottom materials in the water column. Louisiana’s coastal marsh in Terrebonne and St. Mary Parishes was damaged and eroded. Storm surge of at least 8 ft occurred from Vermilion Bay to Lake Borgne. Andrew spawned an F3 tornado in Laplace. The sugar and soybean crops were devastated. Talks are planned from media, post-storm impact, insurance, and natural resource impacts from Andrew.
Day of Week: Tuesday
Time Start: 1:30PM


The term “speck” first appears in Tyrol’s history in documents dated back to the 18th century. However, the word makes was first used under different names and definitions in the trade registers and butchers’ ordinance as far back as the year 1200. The term has its roots in the Middle High German word “spec” and the Ancient High German word “spek” and actually translates into “something thick, fat.”
South Tyrol’s history documents that South Tyrolean farmers originally cured speck to preserve the meat. The ham was intended for home consumption. Traditionally, pigs were slaughtered during the Christmas Season. The production of speck ensured that farmer’s had a supply of preserved meat for the entire year. The ham recipe was carefully guarded and handed down from generation to generation. The ancestral seasoning secrets from more than 100 years ago still give the speck its typical taste today.
Speck Alto Adige is in no way related to the standard fatty pork belly speck described by the common German term. Speck is the result of a combination of two methods used to preserve meat: the standard Mediterranean style curing process for raw ham and smoking, which is a process typically used in Northern Europe. As a result, a unique South Tyrolean ham was created based on the traditional rule “a little salt, a little smoke and a lot of fresh air.” Speck is an ingredient used in numerous typical South Tyrolean dishes, such as the South Tyrolean Speck Dumplings. In South Tyrol, this ham paired with bread and wine, is the main component in the genuine “Marende” – the typical South Tyrolean snack platter. Over the centuries, Speck Alto Adige has been continually upgraded and is now considered a star ingredient by many award-winning chefs.
To celebrate a piece of South Tyrol’s history, the Villnöss Valley hosts traditional South Tyrol Speck Festival


William Douglas lived at Cluny, Fife, Scotland.
William Douglas was appointed guardian to King James III. during his minority, and received from him, before 1462, some of the spoil accruing from the forfeiture of the Earl of Douglas and his adherents. Two years later, in 1464, King James appointed him Warden Douglas of the Eastern and Middle Marches, in succession to his brother the 4th Earl of Angus before 1475, and at the same time committed to him the keeping of the castles of Douglas and Tantallon, with their lordships. When the 6th earl, " Bell-the-Cat ", came of age in 1470, William Douglas came before the King and ad eius genua prouolutus — resigned ward of Tantallon and the lordship of Douglas per fustem et bacnlum in the said earl's favour. The lands which he received upon the forfeiture of his kinsmen, comprising Sunderlandhall in Selkirkshire, Cranston in Midlothian, and Traquair and Leithenhope in Peeblesshire, were erected in 1464 into the barony of Sunderland in his favour.
William Douglas of Cluny, sometimes styled lord of Sunderland and sometimes lord of Traquair, died, probably unmarried, before 1475, when his lands of Cluny appear in possession of the 5th Earl of Angus.
The estate of Traquair was originally a royal domain, and was conferred by Robert Bruce on his warm friend and devoted adherent, Lord James Douglas. After passing through various hands, it came into possession of an ancestor of the Murrays of Elibank, and was forfeited by William Murray in 1464. It was given to William Douglas of Cluny, but was almost immediately thereafter assigned to the Boyds.


Cystoscopy complications include infection, bleeding and pain, according to Mayo Clinic. Infection is caused when germs are introduced into the urinary tract. The most common complication of a cystoscopy is urethral swelling, which makes it difficult to urinate, WebMD notes. A catheter helps drain urine until the swelling subsides.Continue Reading
Unusual urinary tract anatomy, smoking and age are risk factors of developing an infection from a cystoscopy, explains Mayo Clinic. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics before and after the procedure to prevent an infection. Blood in the urine is common, but serious bleeding is rare. Bleeding resulting from a bladder or urethra puncture requires surgery, WebMD advises.
Symptoms of serious complications related to a cystoscopy include sustained burning or pain during urination that lasts for more than two days, chills, heavy blood clots or bright red blood in the urine, inability to urinate, and abdominal nausea and pain, details Mayo Clinic. Individuals who experience such complications, which also include a fever above 101.4 degrees Fahrenheit, should contact a doctor.
In a cystoscopy, the doctor inserts a cystoscope into the urethra after numbing the area with a topical jelly, explains Mayo Clinic. The cystoscope has a telescope-like lens that magnifies the interior of the bladder and urethra. A video camera is sometimes placed over the lens. A sterile solution inflates the bladder, which gives the doctor a better view. In a cystoscopy, a tissue sample is sometimes taken as well.Learn more about Gastrointestinal Issues


The Evolution of Logic examines the relations between logic and philosophy over the last 150 years. Logic underwent a major renaissance beginning in the nineteenth century. Cantor almost tamed the infinite, and Frege aimed to undercut Kant by reducing mathematics to logic. These achievements were threatened by the paradoxes, like Russell's. This ferment generated excellent philosophy (and mathematics) by excellent philosophers (and mathematicians) up to World War II. This book provides a selective, critical history of the collaboration between logic and philosophy during this period. After World War II, mathematical logic became a recognized subdiscipline in mathematics departments, and consequently but unfortunately philosophers have lost touch with its monuments. This book aims to make four of them (consistency and independence of the continuum hypothesis, Post's problem, and Morley's theorem) more accessible to philosophers, making available the tools necessary for modern scholars of philosophy to renew a productive dialogue between logic and philosophy.
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The information age has provided boundless opportunity for fun, dating and just plain intelligence gathering. After the fun is over and it's time to turn out the lights, getting your browser closed is important. Protecting your computer from security threats requires downtime if your system is unattended. The color red has become a universal signal for ending a process or closing a program. Red combined with the "X" icon denote ending a browser session in many Internet browsing programs. Several browser's are available for your entertainment purposes. From Internet Explorer to Mozilla Firefox and Mac's Opera, the method for closing your browser is similar.
Supplies you will need:
- Internet browser
- Find the "X" icon on your Internet browser. The icon is located at the top right corner of your Internet browser.
- Place your on-screen mouse pointer over the icon. In some browsers, the icon will turn red when you place your mouse over it. In others, it will turn a light red indicating you are ready to click.
- Click your left mouse button. This will automatically close your browser.
- Locate the "X" icon on your Google Chrome browser. The icon is on the upper-right corner of the browser.
- Place your pointer over the "X" icon. The icon will turn red indicating you are ready to close the program.
- Click your left mouse button. The browser will close automatically.
- In addition, many browsers allow you to open tabs. Tabs are individual browser pages allowing you to view multiple sites in one browser window. Each tab contains the same "X" icon for closing that particular tab. Place you on-screen mouse pointer over the "X" icon on the tab and click your left mouse button. This will automatically close the tab.


... A Safe Internet Gateway For Kids
You are here:
1. The human ear collects sounds and then send them to the brain to be processesd.
2. Your ears are also a big part of helping keep a person's balance.
3. The ear is made up of three different sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. All three parts play an important role in healing people hear and process sounds.
4. The outer ear is located on the outside of the head. It is called the
Ear and Hearing
Enchanted Learning: Ear Anatomy
House Ear Institute
How Hearing Works
How the Ear Works
Let's Hear It For the Ear
National Institute of Deafness
Neuroscience for Kids: The Ear
NOVA: Faster Than Sound
PBS: Sound and Fury
Play a Piano
Science of Sound
The Ear Foundation
Virtual Tour of the Ear
Wikipedia: The Ear
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There is growing concern that HIV is spreading to low-risk population groups and to women in India. Data from sentinel surveillance of women attending antenatal clinics in 2001 showed a prevalence of up to 1.75% . There is also evidence of spread to rural areas: among a 1998 sample of 1251 women in a rural area accessible to the large city of Pune, Maharashtra, the prevalence was 1.2% . Although generalization to the national level from regional data is not appropriate, and limited information is available about the actual prevalence of HIV in the rural areas of the different states, the large absolute numbers potentially at risk indicate a major challenge to India's health security.
AIDS (2003) 17 2008-9


Science and social studies publisher Kids Discover today launched Dogs Discover, an interactive, digital library of literacy material for man’s best friend. The new unit, which will be available at no charge, includes seven topics tailored to canine readers, including Working Dogs, How Dogs Communicate, and Physical Characteristics of a Dog. With the national canine literacy rate at an abysmal 0%, the Dogs Discover team is committed to getting dogs excited about reading and learning. The beautifully crafted dogfiction will help canine readers understand signs such as ‘Please Keep Off the Grass’ and food labels such as ‘Chocolate’ or ‘For Cats Only.’ To celebrate today’s launch, Kids Discover will donate a full set of its 140 print titles and a percentage of its April 1 sales to the Shelter Buddies Reading Program, which was designed to help shelter dogs become more adoptable and to nurture empathy in children by having them sit outside of dogs’ kennels and read to them. To inspire a worldwide conversation about canine literacy, the company has launched #DogsDiscover to encourage people around the world to share photos and success stories of their dogs learning to read. Readers can participate on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For a limited time, the mobile version of Dogs Discover comes with a screen protector to prevent tablets and smartphones from getting scratched by eager canine learners. For more information, please visit DogsDiscover.com.


The Next Level: Why Deeper Is Better for TBMs in Mining
Diminishing surficial mineral deposits, increasing environmental regulation and advanced geological exploration techniques are ushering in a new era of mining. Unconventional technology must be adopted to ensure that safe, efficient and responsible access to minerals is possible as prospecting continues to push the mining industry deeper. This paper discusses why competitive mining operations will become increasingly dependent on Tunnel Boring machines (TBMs) for mine development and expansion, and explores the implications of TBMs in a drill and blast dominated industry.
- Record-Setting Large Diameter Mixed Ground Tunneling in Turkey: The Eşme-Salihli Railway Tunnel
- Lessons Learned During Excavation of the Incredibly Challenging Yin Han Ji Wei Water Diversion Tunnel
- Record-Setting Tunnel Boring Below Lake Ontario at the Ashbridges Bay Outfall Tunnel
- Enhanced Probe Drilling & Pre-Grouting on Hard Rock TBMs
- A Clean Solution for Renewable Energy: Small Diameter Hydro Tunnels


Adventures in Science at the Bottom of the World
Imagine a place where the sun doesn’t set, the ice doesn’t melt and the landscape is so inhospitable that it is an ideal location to simulate life on the moon. Conducting research in Antarctica can be challenging, but this icy continent is home to many fascinating science investigations. Middle school science teacher Michelle Brown will discuss her adventures working with two science research teams across Antarctica as part of the PolarTREC team.
PolarTREC (Teachers and Researchers Exploring and Collaborating) is a program in which K-12 teachers spend 2-6 weeks participating in hands-on field research experiences in the polar regions. The goal of PolarTREC is to invigorate polar science education and understanding by bringing K-12 educators and polar researchers together. Click here to read Michelle’s PolarTREC journal!
Michelle received her Masters in Science Education at the University of Texas at Austin and currently teaches at O’Henry Middle School in Austin, Texas.


The use of controlled temporal modulated light increased in prominence since the LEDs invention, e.g., in computer monitors and light therapy devices. The benefits of using LEDs compared to old incandescent light bulbs range from environmental load to the precise control of the spectral properties and the ability to accurately control the temporal modulation of the light. The nature of LEDs also allows LED lamps to be switched on and off faster than ordinary incandescent light bulbs. The driver frequency of most LEDs (~25 kHz) is so high that the modulation of firing rates of the retinal neurons cannot time dissolve the flicker at this frequency. But in some cases, the function of the LED is to provide temporal modulation at frequencies much lower, in the range of 24-48 Hz. Knowing the Critical Flicker-Fusion Frequency (CFF), the frequency at which temporally modulated light becomes steady, is therefore important. Potential treatments of Alzheimer’s disease are currently being examined in humans using both stroboscopic and invisible spectral flickering light, using a 40 Hz temporal modulation. Ultimately, the CFF dependency on color, luminance, viewing angle and background lighting needs to be taken into account when designing and developing 40 Hz light sources for potential therapeutic use within the field of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we present a potential benefit of using the staircase method with a 2-alternative forced choice to determine the CFF. Specifically, we show a portable experimental setup that may be used directly to optimize light therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.


Workplace Safety and Health (MHI) Regulations
MHIs are covered by the Workplace Safety and Health (MHI) Regulations from 1 September 2017.
What are MHIs
- Petroleum refining facilities.
- Petrochemical manufacturing facilities.
- Chemical processing plants.
- Installations where large quantities of toxic and flammable substances are stored or used.
The definition of a workplace as an MHI depends on:
- The nature of work activities.
- The inventory levels of the dangerous substances (present, or likely to be present) meeting or exceeding threshold quantities.
Safety Case Regime
While the likelihood of a major accident is low for MHIs, their complex operating environment and large volumes of highly hazardous chemicals mean that any accident can potentially result in catastrophic consequences.
The core feature of the WSH (MHI) Regulations is the Safety Case Regime. This regime allows flexibility for MHIs to tailor their risk mitigating measures, enabling MHIs to address their risk in a more holistic manner.
Under the Safety Case Regime, MHIs are expected to:
- Take on greater responsibilities.
- Proactively identify and manage Safety Health and Environment (SHE) risks through integration of all SHE protocols.
- Demonstrate to regulators that their risks are as low as reasonably practicable.
What is a Safety Case
A Safety Case is commonly presented using (and communicated through) a structured set of documentation that focuses on how major accidents are prevented at MHIs, and how the consequences to people and the vicinity are limited.
From 1 September 2017, MHIs must submit Safety Cases when the WSH (MHI) Regulations take effect.


What is debt
What is debt
Debt is any amount of money that is owed to someone else and is caused by many reasons. This may be because of low income, difficulty budgeting, unexpected bills or lack of priority.
There are companies which specialise in helping people budget and repay debt, however many of these companies charge for their assistance – spending money that can be better spent paying off debts.
What you should do if you are in debt
Make sure you still pay your priority debts first (rent, council tax, fines and utilities bills).
Don't ignore the debt, burying your head in the sand won’t make it go away! Contact the person, company or landlord you owe monies to without delay.
Think: where does your money come from? Do you qualify for any benefits to increase your income? You can check this at the Turn2us» , Entitled To» or the direct gov website».
Where does your money go? Can you cut out or down on any expenses? Do a budget plan and think what your priorities are – download our budget planner herehttp://www.adviceguide.org.uk/ or contact us for a paper copy.
For further information please download the following leaflet: Help & advice about rent arrears
Finally, be honest with the person you owe money to. They may not be able to ignore the debt, but as a company they need the money to provide the service they offer or as an individual they have saved the money or not had a treat in order to help you.


B-roll - Military helicopters have been in use dating back to World War II because of their ability to take off and land vertically, in a small area. In the 1980's, the U.S. military began developing an airframe that would combine the speed of an airplane and the movements of a helicopter.
Video by Cpl. Nathanael Carberry
Tags: Afghanistan, US, USMC, Marines, V-22, Osprey, VMM-264, Black Knights, Helmand
Location: Helmand, Afghanistan (load item map)
Views: 6577 | Comments: 13 | Votes: 2 | Favorites: 1 | Shared: 0 | Updates: 0 | Times used in channels: 2
|Liveleak on Facebook|


According to this press release:
- Phase I cancer studies, trials that are conducted to determine the safety and maximum dose of a new agent, are under-reported in peer-reviewed journals - a trend that could ultimately delay scientific progress and negatively affect patient care, say researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in a new study out today (Mon., Aug, 22) online in Cancer...
"With all this new knowledge, the need to share information is paramount, now more than ever before," says Camacho, the study's senior author. "We, as clinicians and researchers, have a tremendous responsibility to not only investigate and discover new agents, but also to disseminate our discoveries - good and bad - to the medical community at large, to ensure the safety and well-being of our patients."
While medical meetings are another place to disseminate the information, Comacho, who is assistant professor of medicine in M. D. Anderson's Phase I Clinical Trials Program, says often these results are preliminary and subject to change after final analysis. Therefore, publishing in peer-reviewed scientific journals remains the "gold-standard" for sharing medical information.


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Farmer John and Bessie the cow have embarked on one of those ‘active’ vacations. They spend entire days walking in the mountains and then, at the end of the day, they tire and return to their vacation cabin.
Since climbing requires a lot of energy and they are already tired, they wish to return to the cabin using a path that has the least difference between its highest and lowest elevations, no matter how long that path is. Help FJ find this easy-to-traverse path.
The map of the mountains is given by an N x N (2 <= N <= 100) matrix of integer elevations (0 <= any elevation <= 110) FJ and Bessie are currently at the upper left position (row 1, column 1) and the cabin is at the lower right (row N, column N). They can travel right, left, toward the top, or toward the bottom of the grid. They can not travel on a diagonal.
Line 1: The single integer, N
Lines 2..N+1: Each line contains N integers, each of which specifies a square’s height. Line 2 contains the first (top) row of the grid; line 3 contains the second row, and so on. The first number on the line corresponds to the first (left) column of the grid, and so on.
5 1 1 3 6 8 1 2 2 5 5 4 4 0 3 3 8 0 2 3 4 4 3 0 2 1


18 Lovely educational and challenging number games for elementary school kids with Dinosaur theme!
18+ Lovely number & logic activities for elementary school kids with Dinosaur theme! Content rich, graphically appealing math games and practice, aimed for kids between 6-10.
There is no better place to start learning numbers and math than in Dino does school Math
Your kids will enjoy playing these lovely math games, sharpen their math skills as they advance from game to game.
With strong feedback system, score board, visual & audio encouragements your kids will play with math as they have never done before.
Bright, joyful graphics in each game provides additional layer of fun to the game.
Dozens Topics covered and many more are planned.
Current topics offering:
Addition, Subtraction, Multiply,
Divide, Fractions, Sequence,
Shapes, Order Numbers, Number Line,
Patterns, Tell Time, Matrix matching.
Also included are these fun educational games:
Whack a bunny
Tiltan Games kids series aims to bring a comfortable and fun learning experience for kids and toddlers.
Superb math for school. This is a really good math game for school kids to learn and improve their skills.
Great app. My daughter likes it very much
A fun way to practice addition and subtraction.