does anyone know how to convert String to primitive int without use of Wrapper classes.
Not sure I understand what you are asking. Do you want to do something like
without using the nice builtin parse functions?
The obvious way is to convert the String into a byte array, then iterate over the array. Pick up a byte, subtract "0" (ascii character zero) to get the value as an integer, then add it, and multiply by ten every time you pick up the next character.
Not sure this is really "advanced" so maybe I'm not understanding.
Joined: Oct 11, 2006
I shall make my question clear to you.. For example String s="12"; I want to know how this string can be converted to primitive int without using the methods of Wrapper Class ie Integer class methods should not be used to convert it to primitive. Thanks in advance..
Following program shows a logic to convert a string to int without using wrapper class. But this logic will work when input is only a positive number. For negative number input you can modify the logic.
[ August 21, 2007: Message edited by: prakash chandra ] [ August 24, 2007: Message edited by: prakash chandra ]
Anil, I think it would help us to help you if you told us *why* you are interested in this.
The soul is dyed the color of its thoughts. Think only on those things that are in line with your principles and can bear the light of day. The content of your character is your choice. Day by day, what you do is who you become. Your integrity is your destiny - it is the light that guides your way. - Heraclitus


Treatment & Prevention
There is no specific treatment for St. Louis encephalitis (SLE); clinical management is supportive. Patients with severe meningeal symptoms often require pain control for headaches and antiemetic therapy and rehydration for associated nausea and vomiting. Patients with encephalitis require close monitoring for the development of elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and inability to protect their airway.
No SLE virus vaccines are available for use in humans. In the absence of a vaccine, prevention of SLE virus infection depends on personal protective measures to decrease exposure to infected mosquitoes. This includes using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, treating clothing and gear with 0.5% permethrin, and taking steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. More information about preventing mosquito bites can be found here.
SLE virus can be transmitted through blood transfusions. People recently diagnosed with SLE virus infections should not donate blood for 120 days (4 months) after their illness. SLE virus infections temporally associated with blood transfusion should be reported promptly to the appropriate state health department.


The editor can be your most important tool for creating programs, yet few developers take the time to fully master it; and thus they miss out on potential gains in their productivity.
The Visual Studio editor can be your most important tool for creating programs.
In this lab, you'll see how Visual Studio 2005 and several new features can work for you.
The best way to explore the editor is to open a new Windows
project. Let's call it
EditorExploration. Visual Studio starts you
out with a nice clean form named Form1, and also creates three additional
files: Form1.cs to hold the code
related to the form, Form1.designer.cs
to hold the code created by the form designer, and
Program.cs to hold the code
related to the application.
Drag a label and a button anywhere onto the form, and then
double-click the button to create an event handler. You should find
that Visual Studio 2005 has opened a code-behind file named Form1.cs and has placed you inside the
Make some minor changes to the code in your editor. Notice the yellow strip down the side of the window. This indicates changes to your code that have not yet been saved. When the changes are saved, this strip turns green.
A yellow strip indicates unsaved changes. A green strip indicates changes that have been saved.
method, type the letter
(lowercase L). IntelliSense ...


In this part, we’ll talk more about the mechanics of filing your tax return. This includes things such as choosing a filing status and deciding which form to use.
Your filing status affects which tax bracket is used to calculate your taxes, and also determines things such as the size of your standard deduction.
Most college students will likely use a filing status of “single,” but not always. For example, if you’re married your only options are to file as “married filing jointly” or “married filing separately.”
Head of household may also be an option if you have children.
Which Tax Form?
There are 3 tax forms you can use:
- Form 1040-EZ: for people with income only from W-2s and savings accounts, and who do not have kids and are not claiming any other deductions or credits other than a personal exemption and the standard deduction.
- Form 1040A: for people with income only from W-2s and savings accounts, but also claiming tax credits such as education credits or the earned income credit.
- Form 1040: for all other situations.
Tax Benefits for College Students
- American Opportunity Credit
- Lifetime Learning Credit
- Deduction for tuition and fees
- Deduction for student loan interest
WARNING: Proceed with caution on claiming any of these tax benefits on your tax return if your parents are still claiming you as a dependent on their tax return! We’ll discuss in more depth in Part 4.


Ordinary New Yorkers share their anxieties around violent weather, climate change, and more, as they brace for what could be one of the hottest months ever.
Larry Itliong instigated the great Delano grape strike of 1965 which resulted in the formation of the United Farmworkers of America.
While the California farm labor movement's biggest names are Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, few know the crucial role that organizer Larry Itliong and a group of Filipino farm workers played in the establishment of that famous movement.
Itliong's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee instigated one of the American farm labor movement's most defining moments, the Delano Grape Strike of 1965. Itliong — a five foot five, cigar-chomping union veteran — organized 1,5000 Filipino laborers to strike against the grape growers of Delano, California for the federal minimum wage. They fought alone until Itliong persuaded Cesar Chavez and his group of Latino farmworkers to join the strike.
What happened after that made civil rights history: the two groups merged together to created the United Farm Workers Union, with Cesar Chavez as director and Larry Itliong as assistant director. Yet Larry's story and the story of the Filipinos and their union organizing efforts that began in the 1920s in the US have virtually been forgotten.


Atom is a text editor that’s modern, approachable, yet hackable to the core—a tool you can customize to do anything but also use productively without ever touching a config file. Atom resembles a lot like Sublime Text editor, a hugely popular cross platform but closed source text editor which is preferred by programmers. To know more about Atom you can read Atom official website.
Atom works across operating systems. You can use it on OS X, Windows, or Linux.
Atom offers a nice and easy to use graphical setting manager where you can modify common settings like theme, font size, color highlighting schemes etc.
Atom is tightly integrated with Git, so if you are using GIT to host code, you should get lot of help from this text editor regarding your recent changes to code.
Easily browse and open a single file, a whole project, or multiple projects in one window.
Search for and install new packages or start creating your own—all from within Atom.
Atom helps you write code faster with a smart, flexible autocomplete.
Few of useful features are given below.
Add PPA for Atom
Say thanks to webupd8team for maintaining PPA for Atom. Use the following command to add PPA for Atom:
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/atom
Install Atom Text Editor
Now download Atom text editor file and install on your system using following commands.
# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get install atom
Start Atom Editor
Now start Atom text editor using following command:


In 1920 the New York Times famously stated “That Professor Goddard, with his chair in Clark College and the countenancing of the Smithsonian Institution, does not know the relation of action to reaction, and of the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react—to say that would be absurd. Of course he only seems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools.”
Robert H. Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was a professor of physics and the pioneer of modern rocketry, but perhaps more importantly he was a scientist who dared to speak the unspeakable… that man could one day travel to the moon… He was dismissed as being a crazy person.
He spent his life building, testing and perfecting liquid fueled rockets, he was often laughed at and ridiculed with newspapers running headlines like “Moon rocket misses target by 238,799 1/2 miles.” He never gave up.
50 years after that embarrassing New York Times blunder, and the day after the Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, the New York Times issued an apology. It read “Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th century, and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error.”
Now read “The collider, the particle and a theory about fate“.


In its 44th session, the UN Human Rights Council has passed a strong resolution on the ‘Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation’ (FGM). Submitted by Burkina Faso on behalf of the group of African States, the resolution calls upon all governments to take “comprehensive, multisectoral and rights-based measures to prevent and eliminate female genital mutilation”.
The resolution also:
- Recognizes that the COVID-19 crisis could drive international, regional and national efforts away from the prevention and elimination of FGM, which studies indicate could result in 2 million additional cases of FGM that could have been averted by 2030
- Expresses deep concern that despite increased national, regional and international efforts, FGM persists in “all parts of the world” and that “new forms, such as medicalization and cross-border practice, are emerging”
- Highlights that many countries lack accurate and reliable data on FGM
- Welcomes “the growing global consensus” on the need to take appropriate measures to prevent and eradicate FGM, which is a harmful practice cannot be justified on religious or cultural grounds
- Urges States to take a number of measures to prevent and eliminate FGM, including passing legislation against the practice, addressing root causes of gender equality, stopping the medicalization of FGM, ensuring effective remedies for women and girls, and investing sufficient resources to end the practice.
Equality Now calls upon all 92 countries where FGM is known to take place to take immediate action to prevent and eliminate FGM. As noted by the Human Rights Council resolution, a global response and accelerated efforts are needed to end FGM by 2030.


Fourth and fifth graders at McKinley-Brighton Magnet Elementary School will hear about the noted Jerry Rescue when Rochester storyteller Robert Djed Snead visits on Monday.
Snead visits schools as the Bishop Jermaine Wesley Loguen, an escaped slave in the 1800s who ran a Syracuse stop on the Underground Railroad. He was among the local abolitionists who helped William "Jerry" Henry escape his arrest under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1851.
Loguen served as a minister in the A.M.E. Zion Church and remains as that character for the duration of his programs. Snead plans to set Monday's presentation in the spring of 1852, when Loguen returned to New York after fleeing Canada because of his role in the Jerry Rescue. Students will hear about Loguen's life during and after slavery, his life in Canada, his role as a minister and the Jerry Rescue.


The Sandia Lightning Simulator (SLS) allows test objects to be subjected to simulated lightning currents up to severe levels. The SLS can be configured to produce either one or two simulated strokes, with or without continuing current. It can deliver a maximum peak current of 200 kA for a single stroke, 100 kA for a subsequent stroke, and several hundred Amperes of continuing current for hundreds of milliseconds. The simulator output waveform is comparable to natural lightning in terms of the pulse rise and fall times, peak current, and continuing current amplitude and duration.
Test configurations include direct-attachment lightning, (where the simulator is connected to or arcs to the test object), burn-through (which incorporates continuing current), and nearby magnetic fields due to the strokes. The SLS can be used to certify or evaluate hardware or to perform basic or applied research.
The simulated lightning strokes are generated by high-voltage (up to 1.6 MV) Marx banks housed in two large oil tanks that provide high-voltage insulation. The peak current can be varied depending on the charge voltage of the Marx banks. Triggered crowbar switches in each tank are used for pulse shaping and ultraviolet lasers trigger the crowbar switches at a predetermined time. Continuing current, when required, is delivered by a large motor-generator set.
SLS machine diagnostics include current and voltage measurements taken for each shot. Typical test object diagnostics are current viewing resistors and transformers, Rogowski coils for measuring current derivatives, and voltage dividers. Other compatible diagnostics are pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and electric and magnetic field sensors (D-Dot and B-Dot, respectively). To minimize coupling from the electromagnetic noise generated during a shot, test object diagnostics are housed in a shielded instrumentation box, and their signals are fed through a fiber optic system back to the screen room.


A delicate new ring and possibly two new moons have been spotted around Saturn by the US-European Cassini mission, astronomers announced Thursday.
Astronomers at Queen Mary University of London, UK, detected a faint dust ring 300 kilometres wide in images taken by the spacecraft since July 2004. The ring lies 1200 km beyond the main ring system, between the bright, wide A ring and the faint, outermost F ring. It has been seen in an arc spanning about a tenth of the rings' circumference and may extend all the way around the planet.
Its location coincides with that of Saturn's moon Atlas, suggesting the moon is shedding pieces of itself as it collides with micrometeorites in its orbit. "The ring is being constantly replenished," team member Mike Evans likening the process to the two moons thought to cause Jupiter's dusty ring, the New Scientist informed.
According to the MSNBC News, at a distance of 86,000 miles (138,000 kilometers) from the center of Saturn, the previously unknown ring, designated S/2004 1R, lies in the orbit of the small moon Atlas. It is unknown yet whether the ring actually makes a full circle around the planet or is just an arc.
Astronomers have estimated the width of material in the ring to be 190 miles (300 kilometers). In comparison, the A ring is 9,070 miles (14,600 kilometers) wide, while the F ring is 31 miles (50 kilometers) wide.
Read earlier news stories by PRAVDA.Ru
France is used to terminating large-scale contracts, as that was the case of the Russian-French deal on Mistral helicopter carriers


Environmental damage prompts Sudan to halt mining permits
The Sudanese Ministry of Minerals announced a temporarily halt to issuing licenses to gold mining companies in the northern Sudanese Rive Nile state on Tuesday.
A committee formed by the Minerals Ministry recommended a review of the environmental deterioration resulting from the toxic waste produced by traditional mining companies, and which is traded at the markets, as well as a temporary halting of new licenses and the extension of current permits.
After meeting with the committee on Tuesday, the Minister of Minerals, Mohamed Sadeg El Karori, instructed the dissemination of a letter to all gold mining states, in which he ordered the implementation of the committee’s recommendations. He stressed that state governments should focus on environmental safety and regulate the handling of traditional mining waste.
There are more than 81 sites producing more than 90 percent of gold in the country. The mining absorbs about five million miners and other workers, while those affected by these activities are estimated at 11 million people.
The increased gold prospection has economic, environmental, and security impacts on the local communities, in particular the effects resulting from the unwise use of chemicals like mercury and cyanide in the mining operations, as those substances flow in the valleys, water streams and the ground water.
On 11 February, Radio Dabanga reported about the mass death of fish in Lake Nasser, south of Wadi Halfa, on the border between Sudan and Egypt. Early March, hundreds of people took to the streets in El Bowga, River Nile state, in protest against the toxic waste produced by gold mining companies in the area.
Back to overview


People in Cincinnati go their doctors expected that said professional’s experience and expertise will help them arrive at the correct diagnosis as to what is ailing them. However, most also realize that even with the many advances made in modern medicine in recent year, diagnostic science still has its limitations. Thus, misdiagnoses will happen (indeed, according to information shared by CBS News, more than 12 million Americans are misdiagnosed by clinicians every year). Yet patient’s still have the right to expect that their doctors will use sound judgment when diagnosing their conditions. If that expectation is not met, they may justly question why.
Often, healthcare professionals will incorporate heuristics into their decision-making. Heuristics are the accepted best practices within an industry, and have typically been developed through both study and the analysis of real-world data. Doctors are not discouraged from considering heuristics when examining their patients; it is when they allow heuristics to completely influence their decisions that problems arise.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has identified certain scenarios where heuristics can have a hand in a misdiagnosis. These include:
- Doctors relying too heavily on an initial clinical impression
- Doctors basing their decisions on recent trends as opposed to a patient’c clinical indicators
- Doctors placing too much faith in expert opinion
- Doctors allowing collateral information (e.g. a patient’s demographics) to influence their opinions
How is one to know if heuristics might have driven their doctor to misdiagnose them? A review of their medical record (specifically the notes related to the visit on which their misdiagnosis occurred) might reveal a doctor’s reasoning as to how and why they arrived at a particular diagnosis.


Marx believed that in communism people worked to get the same thing. There was no competition to get to the top; everyone got the same thing. He believed the limit of a man's needs is the limit of his production. This will change if demand is high and there is a chance for a profit. The person then produces excess so they can try to get ahead of the rest. This is what causes the splits in capitalism; the drive to be number one.
"The class struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie, distinguishes communism from other socialist movements, proposes a list of specific social reforms, and urges all workers to unite in revolution against existing regimes" (http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/comm). Marx said that every class struggle is also political struggle. "This means that, if the proletarians and capitalists were ready to wage an economic struggle against each other today, they will be compelled to wage a political struggle tomorrow and thus protect their respective class interests in a struggle that bears two forms" (The Communist Manifesto). The capitalists have their specific business interests and it is to protect these interests that their economic organizations exist. But in addition to their particular business interests, they also have common class interests, namely, to strengthen capitalism. And it is to protect these common interests that they must wage a political struggle and need a political party.
There are three types of values that Marx identifies in Capital; they are use-value, exchange-value, and surplus value. The first one to discuss is use-value. Marx's says, "An object becomes a use-value by virtue of its utility, its capacity to satisfy human wants." A useful object cannot become a commodity, until we sell it to someone, and so exchange-values come into play. Exchange-value, which we must...


A leave is an authorized absence from active service granted to a contract employee, for a specified purpose and period, with the right to return to active service unless the employee’s service would otherwise have been terminated. Leaves are either “permissive” or “mandatory.” The term “may” when referring to permissive leaves indicates that the District retains discretion as to whether they are to be granted, and will determine the starting and ending dates of the leave.
The District has no discretion to deny mandatory leave requests. A mandatory leave of absence shall be granted to a qualified employee. The term “formal leave” refers to any leave of more than twenty days in duration. A formal leave of absence must be requested in writing using the appropriate District form.
Contract Reference: For additional information on leaves and absences, click here to link to the LAUSD / UTLA Bargaining Agreement. Go to Article XII, Leaves and Absences.


We’ve been raised up with a custom to take bath on a daily basis, throughout life. Admit it, bathing is the most procrastinated task of the day, especially of a college student. Thanks to those deodorants!
It’s a familiar notion that taking bath helps us stay clean and maintain so-called aesthetic purity. Claiming bathing prevents various skin diseases, but should we have it daily? We students though, hate this to do every other day. Let’s give ears to dermatologists, and listen what they’ve got to say?
Dr Joshua Zeicher, a professor of Dermatology (NY, USA) conducted a research for a year. He concluded that bathing too often is actually really bad for your skin. Science says “We over-bathe.” Dr Zeicher says how bathing every day affects the human body?
It dries off the skin. Particularly when we bath with hot water.
Daily bath leads to frequent itching and infections.
Kills away the good beneficial bacteria.
Washes away important body oils off the skin.
Leads to an early exposure to dirt and pollution.
Dermatologists recommend a maximum bath duration of 10 minutes with lukewarm water. Long hot water baths lead to guaranteed hair fall. Takes the toll of your skin and makes it prone to infections. While your activity level and climate will affect how often you’ll want a shower, you can probably skip the daily shower and take one every two to three days.


This is a highly relevant topic area that outlines the benefits of radiation as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in contemporary health management. Radiation for medical use encompasses both ionising and non ionising sources. The production and properties of x-rays will be discussed along with associated risks to both patient and staff of their use. Comparisons will be drawn between different types of ionising radiation and the suitability of the images that each type can produce. Non-ionising radiation will be discussed, the major focus being on ultrasound scanning. Here, safety precautions will be highlighted and also the use of ultrasound to produce a suitable medical image, compared to other imaging techniques. Finally, we look towards the future of current developments, discussing the evolution of MRI, CAT and PET scanners and how radiation use has revolutionised the field of medical imaging.


Not long ago, most technology (apart from the overhead projector) was considered a classroom distraction. Now, it’s an educational asset. Kids as young as 10 years old are getting their first cell phones, and it’s not unusual for K-12 students to use tablets, laptops, and mobile devices at school. Digital literacy is essential for success in the 21st century. It’s hardly feasible for modern schools to remain tech-free.
EdTechReview is a free resource that helps teachers and administrators make more informed technology decisions. The Website has hundreds of unbiased reviews of technology solutions by k12 educators and administrators.
4Teachers works to help you integrate technology into your classroom by offering FREE online tools and resources.
Hoonuit provides software training using a unique, just-in-time approach. They host a library of thousands of short tutorials on dozens of applications focusing on answering the common questions teachers, students, and administrators may have when learning the software.
Yenka is a new generation of educational modelling tools from Crocodile Clips.
Equally at home on whiteboards or when used by individual students, they let you experiment with the topics you're teaching in a safe, accurate virtual world.
FREE was formed in 1997 from over 30 federal agencies to make hundreds of federally supported teaching and learning resources easier to find.
A Wiki page with 10th and 11th Grade lessons dedicated to how to teach using an iPad.
Founded in 1989, WITIs mission is to empower women worldwide to achieve unimagined possibilities and transformations through technology, leadership and economic prosperity.
This guide covers how to get started as a woman in this field, describes places that support women in tech, offers funding options for women in these programs, and includes an expert Q&A with a woman in the field.


There are total 13 letters in Miseducations, Starting with M and ending with S. In Miseducations M is 13th, I is 9th, S is 19th, E is 5th, D is 4th, U is 21st, C is 3rd, A is 1st, T is 20th, O is 15th, N is 14th letters in Alphabet Series.
Total 2268 words created by multiple letters combination of Miseducations in English Dictionary.
Miseducations is a scrabble word? Yes (18 Points)
Miseducations has worth 18 Scrabble points. Each letter point as below.


The day she visited the dissecting room
They had four men laid out, black as burnt turkey,
Already half unstrung. A vinegary fume
Of the death vats clung to them;
The white-smocked boys started working.
The head of his cadaver had caved in,
And she could scarcely make out anything
In that rubble of skull plates and old leather.
A sallow piece of string held it together.
In their jars the snail-nosed babies moon and glow.
He hands her the cut-out heart like a cracked heirloom. (2)
In Brueghel's panorama of smoke and slaughter
Two people only are blind to the carrion army:
He, afloat in the sea of her blue satin
Skirts, sings in the direction
Of her bare shoulder, while she bends,
Finger a leaflet of music, over him,
Both of them deaf to the fiddle in the hands
Of the death's-head shadowing their song.
These Flemish lovers flourish;not for long.
Yet desolation, stalled in paint, spares the little country
Foolish, delicate, in the lower right hand corner.
Two Views Of A Cadaver Room Analysis Sylvia Plath critical analysis of poem, review school overview. Analysis of the poem. literary terms. Definition terms. Why did he use? short summary describing. Two Views Of A Cadaver Room Analysis Sylvia Plath Characters archetypes. Sparknotes bookrags the meaning summary overview critique of explanation pinkmonkey. Quick fast explanatory summary. pinkmonkey free cliffnotes cliffnotes ebook pdf doc file essay summary literary terms analysis professional definition summary synopsis sinopsis interpretation critique Two Views Of A Cadaver Room Analysis Sylvia Plath itunes audio book mp4 mp3 mit ocw Online Education homework forum help


Wound care 101
Your skin is your body’s largest organ. It has several functions, including protecting your body from outside dirt and germs, helping you regulate body temperature and making it possible for you to experience sensations like touch, hot and cold.
The skin is made up of three layers: the outermost layer, or epidermis; just underneath the epidermis, the dermis includes the connective tissue that keeps your skin flexible and strong; the deepest layer, called the hypodermis layer, includes fatty tissue that helps insulate the body.
The skin and tissue underneath it can be injured in any number of ways. In general, a wound is an injury in which the skin is torn, cut or punctured, known as an open wound, or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion, known as a closed wound.
Acute or traumatic wounds are the result of injuries that disrupt the tissue, like abrasions, punctures, stab/gunshot wounds, incisions and lacerations.
A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages or in a predictable amount of time.
A minor wound will usually heal on its own, but for more serious wounds a health care provider may need to monitor the wound to ensure that it heals properly.
For acute wounds, the healing process follows a predictable three-phase process. When a wound becomes chronic, this predictable process of healing becomes stalled.
Your health care provider will choose dressings for the wound based on the condition of the wound along with other factors, such as your overall health. These dressings are specially designed to promote healing.
Edgepark carries a full line of basic and advanced wound care supplies to address a multitude of acute and chronic wounds.


South Korea Weather December
To help you choose the best time to travel, you can find climate data below on the weather in South Korea in December.
|South Korea Weather December:||Seoul||Busan|
|average daily high||+4.3°C||+10.5°C|
|average daily low||-3.2°C||+2°C|
|average monthly precipitation||22 mm||23 mm|
Temperature in South Korea
The average daily maximum in December is +4.3 — +10.5°C, and the minimum -3.2 — +2°C.
Best places in South Korea:
The average monthly temperature in the Korea Strait on the beaches of Busan in December is +16.6 degrees.
The water is considered very cool, but some hardy people might bathe in it for 10-15 minutes.
The normal amount of precipitation for December is from 22 to 23 mm, a negligible amount.


What is a School Resource Officer’s responsibilities?
- Mercedes School Resource Officers is there most importantly to begin the important relationship with children by essentially “bridging the gap between Cops and Kids”.
This is where an officer acts as an Educator, Counselor, and Law Enforcement Officer within the school environment. This can encompass a variety of activities such as:
- Problem Solver & Liaison to the Community-SRO’s are a source for citizens who may have questions relating to students. By working closely in the Community, SRO’s are able to find problem areas.
- They receive additional training that is specific to the school positions. This training maximizes the officer’s effectiveness in the school setting.
- School administrators work closely together providing a safe environment for School-aged children. SRO’s assist the schools in developing crisis plans, and evacuation procedures that are a safety concern.
- Counselor/Mentor-By working with the students, SRO’s are able to establish a rapport with the students. SRO’s are very approachable and become a source for questions and advice.
- Queen City Cafe
- Notices and Announcements
- City Manager
- City Secretary / Human Resources
- Municipal Court
- Fire Department
- Planning Department
- Keep Mercedes Beautiful Committee
- Building and Inspectors Division
- Health Inspections
- Code Enforcement
- Water / Waste Water Division (OMI)
- Police Department
- Public Works
- Recreation Centers


News Release NR-3210
NREL Seeks Design Tools for Better Car Batteries
August 23, 2010
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is seeking proposals to create computer models to help build and improve electric drive vehicle (EDV) batteries.
The goals for the design tools are:
- Shorten the prototyping and manufacturing process
- Improve overall performance, safety, and battery life
- Lower costs.
The request for proposals for “Development of Computer Aided Design Tools for Automotive Batteries” and related documents are available online at http://www.nrel.gov/business_opportunities/solicitations_rfps.html. Proposals are due September 14, 2010. The award amount that companies can apply for is up to $7.5 million with a 50 percent cost share required bringing the total possible project amount up to $15 million over three years.
EDVs — commonly known as hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and electric vehicles — have the potential to significantly reduce petroleum consumption and dependence on imported oil while improving emission of greenhouse gases and pollutants.
NREL is DOE’s primary national laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development. NREL is managed and operated for DOE by The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Visit NREL online at www.nrel.gov


Sinan Şeyhi, Şeyhi also spelled Sheykih, (died 1428, Kütahya, Ottoman Empire [now in Turkey]), poet who was one of the most important figures in early Ottoman literature.
Little is known of his life. Besides being a poet, Şeyhi seems to have been a man of great learning and a disciple of the famous Turkish mystic and saint Haci (Hajji) Bayram Veli of Ankara, founder of the Bayrami order of dervishes. Şeyhi also was reputedly a skilled physician. A prolific poet, he is best known for his rendition of a popular love story in Islāmic literature, Hüsrev ü Şirin (“Khosrow and Shirin”). Inspired by the work of the same name by the great Persian poet Neẓāmī (d. 1209), Şeyhi’s poem is written in māsnavī (“rhymed couplets”), and, although incomplete because of his sudden death, it is considered a masterpiece of eloquent and graceful verse. Other of his works include the lyric poems in his Dīvān (“Collected Poems”) and a satirical narrative, Harname (“The Book of the Ass”). It is to Hüsrev ü Şirin, however, that Şeyhi owes his fame. He is considered to have introduced the classical Persian style māsnavī into Ottoman literature.


M Theory Lesson 113
One example of a distributive law is for the category of 2-globular sets, which are two dimensional globule diagrams of sources and targets $S_2 \Rightarrow S_1 \Rightarrow S_0$ in Set such that $ss = st$ and $ts = tt$. One monad is vertical composition, and the other is horizontal composition. The distributive law is just the interchange rule for bicategories. Iterating this idea, Cheng considers composition in n-categories using n-globular sets, a la Batanin.


In addition, knowing how these neurons regenerate could provide insights into fixing neurons in the central nervous system where damage is irreversible.
Nerve cells are uniquely shaped, consisting of a cell body from which a long "arm," called an axon, extends. Axons can reach up to one meter in length and are the main conduit for nerve communication throughout our bodies, by conveying electric signals to muscles or other cells. Due to their great length, axons, like electrical or telecommunications lines, are vulnerable to damage. When a power line goes down in a storm, monitoring systems raise the alarm and repair crews are dispatched to the site. How does an axon 'raise the alarm' after damage in our own bodies?
In a study published in Neuron, Dr. Michael Fainzilber and Ph.D. students Shlomit Hanz and Eran Pearlson of the Biological Chemistry Department have now shown that a special protein is produced at the site of damage in the axon. Called importin beta, it normally resides far away from the axon, near the nucleus of nerve cells. There, it facilitates the entry of molecules into the nucleus along with its "sister" molecule, importin alpha.
The scientists found that importin beta is produced in the axons upon injury. It then binds to importing alpha, which is normally present in axons, and to proteins that contain the "healing message" (which still have to be identified). The whole group fastens itself to an "engine" called dynein that chugs along "tracks" leading from the axon to the nucl
Contact: Alex Smith
American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science


In a recent Scientific American article called “Viewing Cancer as a Physics Problem Suggests New Treatments,” Rakesh K. Jain, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, notes that cells and a stiff fibrous material known as the matrix can squash blood vessels inside tumors. As a consequence, oxygen and anticancer drugs flowing in the blood get stopped in their tracks, unable to penetrate beyond the pinched areas. Starved of oxygen and spared from attacks by anticancer agents, malignant cells in many parts of the tumor proliferate and may even become more aggressive. The article goes on to describe methods under study to deplete the matrix, thereby easing compressive forces and allowing blood vessels to open and distribute blood—and thus oxygen and drugs—throughout a mass.
To assess the compressive stresses in the tumors of lab animals, Jain and his colleagues slice the masses, measure how much they swell in response to the cut and feed the information into mathematical formulas the group has developed.
Watch the swelling in one such tumor, a mammary cancer from a mouse, below. The ruler visible in the movie is included for scale.
Video reproduced from (pdf).
Right now, the group applies the technique only in the lab, evaluating how well various substances ease compressive forces in tumors. If reducing compression turns out to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs in matrix-rich tumors in humans, the technique could, in principle, also help doctors to determine which patients might be good candidates for receiving matrix-depleting agents, along with more standard treatments.


Types of Hard Drives
SSD(new) and Disk Drives(old): SSDs have no moving (mechanical) components. This distinguishes them from traditional electromechanical magnetic disks such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or floppy disks, which contain spinning disks and movable read/write heads. Compared to electromechanical disks, SSDs are typically more resistant to physical shock, run silently, have lower access time, and less latency. However, while the price of SSDs has continued to decline over time, consumer-grade SSDs are still roughly four times more expensive per unit of storage than consumer-grade HDDs.
Most drive corruption occurs at a superficial level. That means the drive is still functional but has a corrupted system file(boot file) caused by virus and malware. Some have bad sectors in the drive path that makes the system slow or at times can cause blue screen or continuous "wheel spin". This is a Level 1 kind of problem that can be resolve in-house. Data extraction may take a day or a week. On a LEVEL 2, this requires a certified clean lab room to dis-assemble the drive. We outsource this process to a trusted vendor that we have been using for years, trusted and with a 99% success rate. Please note that we don't service encrypted drives.


(RxWiki News) For middle-aged women with restless legs syndrome, it's not just itching and an irresistible urge to move the legs. It also may be a risk factor for high blood pressure.
Restless legs syndrome is a disorder characterized by leg sensations that can be intense and unpleasant, along with poor sleep and drowsiness during the day. It affects up to 15 percent of the population, according to the American Heart Association.
"Get checked for the syndrome if you notice symptoms."
Dr. Salma Batool-Anwar, the study’s first author, a researcher in the sleep medicine division at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and an instructor in medicine at Harvard Medical School, noted that if additional research confirms the link between restless legs syndrome and hypertension, early diagnosis could help in preventing high blood pressure.
Dr. Batool-Anwar said that in some cases of treating restless legs syndrome it can be as simple as prescribing iron supplements, and suggested women with symptoms of the disorder speak to their doctors.
Researchers questioned 97,642 women with an average age of 50 years old, who were participating in the Nurses Health Study II about their symptoms of restless legs syndrome and blood pressure status in 2005. More than 80 percent of those asked responded.
They found that of women who reported more than 15 incidences of restless legs syndrome each month, 33 percent had high blood pressure, while 26 percent of those that reported between five and 14 incidences of the syndrome monthly had hypertension. Among women with no symptoms of the disorder, 21 percent had high blood pressure.
Investigators concluded that there was a significant link between restless legs syndrome severity and high blood pressure, and that greater frequency of symptoms was linked with higher concurrent systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This was regardless of other factors such as age, smoking status or heart disease.
The clinical study was published in Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association.


Factual error: The film is set in Western Australia during the early 1930's. The aboriginal children are being transported to a government mission by train. The scene shows a famous steam locomotive "3801" built for New South Wales Govt. Railways in 1943. This locomotive is now well known in Australia. It made the record breaking trip for steam across the Continent to Western Australia after the trans continental railway was completed in the 1960's. (00:14:10)
A.O. Neville: If only they would understand what we are trying to do for them.
Question: At the beginning the tracker is quite determined to catch the girls. Later it seems that he deliberately misses their tracks (out of admiration for their cleverness and courage?), but then again he is seen all by himself trying to follow them. Is there any evidence from the book that he wanted them to make it home?
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Suburra (usually spelled Subura in antiquity) was an area of the city of Rome, Italy located below the Murus Terreus on the Carinae. In ancient Roman times, it was a crowded lower-class area that was also notorious as a red-light district. It lies in the dip between the southern end of the Viminal and the western end of the Esquiline hills. Most of its inhabitants lived in insulae, tall apartment buildings with tabernae on the ground floor.
Julius Caesar lived in a family home (domus) in the Suburra district until he was elected pontifex maximus at the age of 37, as the Suburra had grown up around the property many years before his birth.
The district is featured in Colleen McCullough's Masters of Rome, Steven Saylor's Roman Blood, Martha Marks' Rubies of the Viper, SPQR series by John Maddox Roberts, and Netflix's first original motion picture in Italy, Suburra, and its prequel Suburra: Blood on Rome.
- Subura (article in Platner's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome)
- Location of Caesars house in Subura (Historian Peter Oersteds speculation: The location of Caesars house in the Subura)
|This Lazio location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


It is given that the ratio of whose base diameter to height is 3
So d/h = 3
2r/h = 3
r = 3h/2.
Volume of the cone is
V = 1/3*π*r^2*h. Substitute r = 3h/2 and find dV/dt to find dh/dt.
Here's my problem
Sand falls out of the end of a slurry at the rate of 60 cc/sec. The pile forms a circular cone, the ratio of whose base diameter to height is 3. When the pile is of height 10 cm., at what rate is the height of the pile increasing?
So far I have where but then I can't seem to figure out the rest of the problem. Any help is greatly appreciated.


29 July, 2011
I have just solved a networking problem for a customer using D-Link adapters. Their problem was that the wireless router was at one side of the house and one of their computers at the other side trying to connect via WiFi. The signal was very weak as it had to pass through thick walls, furniture and a large aquarium!
With the D-Link Powerline adapter you use the house mains circuit to carry the network signal. There is no need for extra wiring. One adapter plugs into a mains socket by the router and is connected with a network cable. A similar adapter is plugged into a mains socket by the PC and that is connected to the computer by a network cable. The units I used transmit at a 200 Mbps speed and so are completely adequate for the networking demands.
You can use similar units to improve the WiFi coverage around your house. For example, if your router is downstairs and the WiFi signal upstairs is poor you can use the units shown below. As before, you connect the router t with a network cable to one adapter and in the other part of the house you plug in an adapter that has a wireless-N transmitter. Problem solved!


Soft Skills and Work Readiness
Soft skills, or employability skills, have become the hard skills of today’s workforce. Research conducted by Harvard University, the Carnegie Foundation and Stanford Research Center concluded that 85% of job success comes from having well-developed soft skills, and only 15% of job success comes from technical skills and knowledge. Yet, employers say that applicants are unprepared for work because of their lack of these soft, employability skills.
On the Job Writing
On the Job Writing is designed for students to learn and practice writing skills that meet workplace requirements for daily communication. With employers identifying writing as one of the greatest weaknesses of new hires, On the Job Writing provides basic career writing guidance and activities in an easy-to-understand manner. Every student, even those who earn excellent grades for essay and report writing, can profit by adding this career writing element to their list of job readiness skills.
Two, 20-lesson versions of On the Job Writing are available and can be purchased as an annual site license online or on a USB drive.


Mar 28, 2015 ... Why do plants grow with light? What kind of light do plants need? Do all plants
need the same amount of light? How can I tell if my plant is ...
Red and blue light have the greatest effect on plant growth. Green light is least
effective to plants as most plants reflect green light and absorb very little. It is this
www.ask.com/youtube?q=Effects of Light on Plants&v=FaeDcO3Pk8g
Jan 31, 2013 ... All about the effect of light on plant growth. What does light do for Horticulture? By
Jump here to follow the effects of light pollution verses the plants' pollinators. This
other article describes how artificial light at night affects bats that disperse the ...
The Effect of Light on Plant Growth. Although there is a natural growth cycle for
every plant, the vegetative and flowering stages of growth are directly influenced
Different color light helps plants achieve different goals as well. Blue light, for ...
For a hungry world just waking up to the effects of Global Warming, this is critical.
www1.udel.edu/MERL/Outreach/Teacher's Guide/2. Effects of color on plant growth TE.pdf
Teacher Edition. Effect of Light Colors on Bean Plant Growth. Grade: Grades 6-8.
Delaware State Science Standard: Science Standard 6 - Life Processes.
Learn more about plant responses to light in the Boundless open textbook. ...
effect of light on the growth, development and differentiation of plant cells, tissues
Sep 2, 2016 ... Contact Factory; illumitex NeoSol DS LED grow light ... #Illumitex blog entry, "Can
LEDs Provide the Light Plants Need?"is featured in ...
Feb 24, 2014 ... How does light affect plant growth? Do different colors of light work better than
others? Find out in this classic science fair project idea.


What are the Goals?
the aims & Objective of fire safety
the Elements of Fire & combustion,
the common causes of fire and fire spread.
the duties, rolesand responsibilities of fire watch / marshals
fire precaution / fire prevention technique
explain factors that affect Human Behaviour
in case of Emergency
Who is this Training Course for?
General, Operation, HSE, and HR Managers.
Supervisors, Workforce, Engineers and Security.
How will this Training Course be Presented?
lectures, Power Points, Slides, Videos and practical demonstrations
Aim of Fire Safety
principles of fire safety;
safety legislation / Fire Code
chemistry of fire / Principles of Combustion
causes of fire
of Fire watch
roles and responsibilities of the fire warden / marshal
on discovering a fire
and Manual fire extinguishers
drills and Methods of Evacuation
of Fire Protection Systems in the Building
safety precautions / Fire Prevention
Behaviour in Fire Evacuation
On successful completion of this training
course, Certificate will be awarded to


Riding a bike is a fun way to exercise and get around, but for as much fun as it is, it is also just as dangerous. One wrong move or a moment of carelessness can cause a crash that damages your bike, property, or people. Riders, whether they be on a cargo bike, road bike, or a trike for an adult, need to be safe and vigilant when riding on roads that have other people and cars. Below, we want to go over some tips for safe riding.
First and foremost, always wear a helmet! This point cannot be stressed enough. People claim they do not look good in a helmet or that it messed up their hair, but those are poor excuses. Others argue that wearing a helmet is uncomfortable and makes it hard to ride, but that is hard to believe when champion riders wear a helmet, like in the Tour De France. Maybe you just need to find the right helmet.
When riding a bike, you ride with traffic. When running or walking, you run against traffic, but when riding, it is the opposite: you ride with traffic. This is the case even when on an adult tricycle. Try to stay as far to the right as you can, but remember that bike riders have rights too, so ride comfortably and in a safe space.
Follow all traffic signals as if you were in a motor vehicle. You must stop at red lights and stop signs. You may want to keep moving on your bike, but safety is essential for getting to your final destination in one piece.
Riding is fun, but only when you are not getting into and causing accidents. Ride safely!


Researchers discussed respiratory topics in horses including influenza outbreaks and vaccination boosters, furosemide for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, dorsal displacement of the soft palate, dynamic respiratory tract endoscopy (during exercise), and more at the 2009 convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners.
- Veterinarians Urge Vaccination against West Nile Virus
- Increased Equine West Nile Virus Activity in 2012
- Horses' Physiologic Responses to Exercise
- Does Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Cause Lung Inflammation?
- Electrolyte Use in Performance Horses
- Effects of Behavior-Modifying Drug Investigated (AAEP 2011)
- Alternative Treatment for "Roaring" in Horses (AAEP 2011)
- Granulation Tissue Management in the Horse (AAEP 2011)
- Treating Equine Upper Respiratory Tract Ailments (AAEP 2011)
- Equine Head Flexion and Airway Inflammation (AAEP 2011)


What is Model United Nations?
Model United Nations is an initiative popular all over the world with the goal being the multi-thematic education of young people by simulating the meetings of the United Nations. These types of conferences enable ambitious, young people to discuss the problems they face in the modern world, as well as improve their oratory skills and argumentativeness. Model UN allows participants to develop in the field of diplomatic communication in English and gain experience needed in a future professional career. It is a professional event with an international character.
The overriding goal of the event is to expand knowledge on crucial sectors such as international cooperation, protection of human rights, equality, health, environmental protection, as well as learning about the laws governing the economy and world politics.


An important family of resiniferous, tropical timber trees, in which the leaves are pinnate, with stipules. The flowers are unisexual and small, their parts usually in threes or fives, with a disc. The fruit is a drupe or capsule. There are 18 genera, with 540 species.
Subjects: Plant Sciences and Forestry.


Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines (the crown group of the superorder Chelonia), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield. "Turtle" may either refer to the Testudines as a whole, or to particular Testudines which make up a form taxon that is not monophyletic.
The order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago, making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards, snakes and crocodiles. Of the many species alive today, some are highly endangered.
Like other reptiles, turtles are ectotherms—their internal temperature varies according to the ambient environment, commonly called cold-blooded. However, leatherback sea turtles have noticeably higher body temperature than surrounding water because of their high metabolic rate.
Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic.


From Ohio History Central
Medina is the county seat of Medina County, Ohio. Founded as the county seat in 1816, the community was originally named Mecca, after the birthplace of the prophet Mohammed.
Medina grew slowly. Most early residents were farmers, but the town was so isolated that the agriculturalists had no market for their products. This changed with the completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal, during the early 1830s. Still, the community's population remained small, having only 655 inhabitants in 1840. In 1846, six churches, fifteen stores, one newspaper office, one woolen factory, one axe factory, one flourmill, and one iron furnace existed in the town.
Over the next four decades, Medina grew more quickly. In 1880, 1,484 people resided in the town, and in 1890, Medina boasted 2,073 inhabitants. With the completion of a railroad through the community, Medina became a center of agricultural trade. Many businesses provided services or products to farmers in the surrounding countryside. In 1886, three newspapers operated in the community, and six churches and one bank also serviced the town. The town's principal industry was bee-hive manufacturing. A.I. Root, a bee supplies manufacturer, was the town's largest employer, with ninety-six workers in 1886.
Medina has grown in recent years, as residents of nearby Cleveland, in Cuyahoga County, have moved to Medina and surrounding communities to escape the busyness of the city. Between 1990 and 2000, Medina County's population increased by 23.5 percent to a total of 151,095 residents in 2000. In 2000, Medina was the largest community in the county, with 25,139 residents. Many local residents commute to Cleveland for employment.


26° 54′ 45″ N, 70° 54′ 48″ E
Jaisalmer, nicknamed “The Golden City”, is a town in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 575 km west from the state capital Jaipur. The town stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone, crowned by a fort, which contains the palace and several ornate Jain temples. Many of the houses and temples are finely sculptured. It lies in the heart of the Thar Desert. Jaisalmer was one of the last states to sign a treaty with the British. During the British Raj, Jaisalmer was the seat of a princely state of the same name, ruled by the Bhati clan of Rajputs.
- Patwon-ki-Haveli: Guman Chand Patwa, a wealthy merchant belonging to powerful Oswal Jain community and banker who had over three hundred trading centres from Afghanistan to China. This ornate five-storey complex took fifty years to complete. This is the largest, the most magnificent, and the most elaborate of Jaisalmer havelis.
- Salam Singh-ki-Haveli: It was built by the scheming Prime Minister Salam Singh in 1815. It has a beautifully arched roof capped with blue cupolas and carved brackets in the form of peacocks.
- Nathmalji-ki-Haveli: Built by a Prime Minister of princely state of Jaisalmer. Its facade is a riot of ornamentation: flowers, birds, elephants, soldiers, a bicycle and even a steam engine.
- Haveli Shreenath: The Vyas family built this lovely haveli Shreenath Palace - Hotel in Jaisalmer in the 15th century, and descendants of this family live here today.


The first British troops to arrive in Normandy on D-Day were the men of D Company, and to be more specific it was the 2nd Oxfordshire and the Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.
They landed in Benouville very late on the 5th of june and too over the bridge in the very early morning of June 6th. The troops were led by the Major John Howard. They captured the Caen Canal Bridge, and later they renamed it the Pegasus Bridge in honour of the cap badge of the 6th Airborne Division.The bridge was capture very quick after a 10 minutes fight. Major Howard had a lot more time that he expected before the the German counter attack about 2 hours later. Paratroopers had made their way to help reinforced Howard. They took control of Pegasus Bridge and the Bridge of Orne.


Around 1829, Sir Robert Peel and others put together a set of policing principles for the London Metropolitan Police — they’re still important today!
The Principles were designed to separate the function of policing away from the military and private security. They are as important today as they were over 185 years ago.
For purposes of clarity and understanding, I have translated the Principles into modern language.
Peel’s Nine Principles of Policing (1829)
(A Modern Translation)
- The basic mission of police in a free society is to prevent crime and serve as an alternative to military force and repression.
- The ability of police to fulfill their mission is dependent upon community approval and respect.
- Police must secure the willing compliance of the community and their voluntary observance of the law.
- Cooperation from the community is inversely related to the amount of force police use to accomplish their mission.
- Police must be impartial, service-oriented, courteous, friendly to all community members, and willing to sacrifice themselves in the protection and preservation of life.
- Physical force is to be used only when persuasion, advice, and warnings are insufficient.
- Police are to be recruited from the community and the community is, in fact, the police. Both police and community members are responsible for the welfare of the community.
- Police are not to judge, convict nor punish; that is the role of the judiciary only.
- The effectiveness of police is to be measured by the absence of crime and disorder in the community, not by their activities and actions.
- Find out more about Robert Peel HERE.


- Word Parts
|part of speech:
||the act of accumulating; piling up.
The accumulation of snow on the road made driving difficult.
- collection, gathering
||an amount that collects or piles up.
There was an accumulation of mail in our box when we returned.
- similar words:
- bank, cumulus, deposit, heap, hoard, mass, pile, stack, stock, store, supply
||bunch, drift, gathering, group, mine, multitude


Students in the Department of Engineering Physics (EP) are putting the final touches on the college’s new wind tunnel. The tunnel was the design project of EP graduate student Matt Orzewalla and EP graduate Marti Gissel during their senior year. The $85,000 tunnel is a gift from Greenheck company of Schofield, Wisconsin. Greenheck is a supplier of air movement and control equipment including fans, dampers, louvers, kitchen ventilation hoods, and energy recovery and make-up air units. Their equipment is used in all types of commercial, institutional and industrial buildings in applications from comfort ventilation to manufacturing processes. Rockwell Automation donated the frequency drive to control the fan speed.
Engineering Physics lecturer Ron Thomson contacted Greenheck after hearing the company had donated a wind tunnel to another school. Greenheck agreed to build and donate the tunnel to COE if the students designed it.
The tunnel’s test area is four feet wide and three feet tall. The system is designed to achieve wind speeds of more than 200 miles per hour. The resulting friction from air moving past the fan blades will heat the air significantly so more than 100 gallons per minute of chilled water must be piped through the system in order to cool it down.
Assistant Professor of Engineering Physics Riccardo Bonazza says the tunnel will be used in his new course Applied Aerodynamics. He also plans to submit research proposals that will take advantage of the new equipment.


On this day in 1819, Alabama becomes the 22nd state of the United States of America.
First, the beginning of its Constitution:
“We, the people of the State of Alabama, in order to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish the following Constitution and form of government for the State of Alabama:”
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.
That the great, general, and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, we declare:
1. That all men are equally free and independent; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
Appropriately, then, the state motto of Alabama is “Audemus jura nostra defendere,” which means “We dare defend our rights.” This motto is found in the coat of arms of the state, depicted below. This image illustrates the complex colonial and confederate history of the state, and also, our country.
Andrew the Apostle
Finally, the flag of the State of Alabama is a crimson Saint Andrew’s Cross on a field of white. Andrew the Apostle is, of course, the brother of Simon Peter. He was crucified on a diagonal cross, or saltire, now commonly known as a “Saint Andrew’s Cross.”


About Monarch Butterflies
Interested in teaching your class about the Monarch Butterflies? Click on the button below to print the Monarch Butterfly Fact Sheet to learn more about what helps and hurts the Monarch Butterflies.
Want to have your own butterfly garden? Did you know monarch caterpillars eat ONLY milkweed, this is why the monarch butterfly is dubbed the ‘milkweed butterfly’. Download the Butterfly Handout to know which host plants attract certian butterflies or visit the Dorcas E. Utter Memorial Butterfly Pavilion during butterfly season.
Need even more information about pollinators! Check out The Pollinator Partnership for information on planting guides, webinars and more!
Monarch Fact Sheet Butterfly PDF Pollination Poster


For much of its history England/Britain have had significant continental territories which it had to defend. Throughout the eighteenth century British possession of Hanover necessitated that it became a major participant in the land campaigns of the Cabinet Wars. The coronation of Queen Victoria and the corresponding break with Hanover meant that Britain was free to rely almost exclusively on the Royal Navy for its major defence needs, allowing for it to get by with a somewhat smaller army, much of which was tied down in colonial garrisons. So, what if the UK somehow remained in union with Hanover? How would the British army evolve with much greater impetus to keep pace with the continental Great Powers?


The usual mouth Herpes Simplex looks more like this:
Oral Herpes is also called Herpes Labailis or cold sores. Herpes is a virus that can occur anywhere on the body but usually appears on mucous membranes. Most people are exposed to the Herpes Virus 1 (hv1) by the time they are 10 years old. The virus can lay dormant in the body and emerge at times of stress, radiation (sun) exposure, or other illness. The symptoms can cause malaise, tingling followed by pain, swollen lymph glands and generally last about 10 days. Antiviral medications like acyclovir and valtrex are very effective for prevention and for shortening the time of an outbreak.


Animal studies on the revitalizing power of young blood suggest new drug targets for treating conditions like dementia and heart disease.
Electronics companies think the Affordable Care Act will push us to embrace technology to track our health and lifestyles.
The way some emergency doctors are using Glass highlights the promise, and the limitations, of wearable technology.
A new surgical procedure could help people suffering from debilitating wounds.
Researchers hope stem cells could one day treat chronic conditions like diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.
Chinese biomedical engineers have used liquid metal to transmit electrical signals across the gap in severed sciatic nerves. The work raises the prospect of a new treatment for nerve injuries, they say.
By defocusing a microscope, biologists have developed a simple technique that produces three-dimensional images of red blood cells.
A new optogenetic protein gives neuroscientists more control over brain circuits.
The electrodes in a cochlear implant can be used to direct gene therapy and regrow neurons.
Researchers will examine the brains of living fetuses to study the origins of mental disorders like autism.


Home is where the heart is. Most homemakers would also agree that home is where the work is. Traditionally the role of homemaker has been performed by women and is unpaid work. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics the difference between paid and unpaid work is that the former is defined as activity that uses labour and other factors of production to produce goods and services for sale in the market, while the latter receives no payment as the majority of the services are not produced for the market.
Julie Nelson’s economic paper “Poisioning the well, or how Economic Theory Damages Moral Imagination” poses an interesting question: is there such a thing as ethical economics? Economic history and literature are embedded with an array of theories that have nothing to do with ethics or moral inclinations. For example, Adam Smith’s invisible hand insisted that the market itself would direct individual behaviour in the right direction.
In recent years, the interrelationship between ‘free markets’ and morality has become increasingly apparent. Stories of corporate corruption, unethical animal testing and the exploitation of workers in third world countries arise frequently in the media.


The feat, accomplished in the laboratory of Japanese geneticist Teruhiko Wakayama, represents a large step forward in animal cloning. Earlier clones have required tissues taken from living animals or carefully preserved cells, rather than an entire frozen animal.
Scientists thought that freezing — of the sort experienced by Wakayama's mice and, for example, a woolly mammoth locked in the Siberian tundra — would damage cells beyond repair. But Wakayama's team salvaged intact nuclei from the neurons of their mice. These were inserted into living mice eggs, forming an embryo that developed until embryonic stem cells could be harvested. The stem cells were then used to make healthy mouse pups.
The previous record for cloning frozen cells, set this summer by Chinese biologist Jinsong Li, was 350 days.
The new technique, wrote Wakayama's team in a paper published yesterday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, might someday be used to clone "extinct animals frozen in permafrost, or specimens collected opportunistically from endangered species in the field without access to sophisticated laboratory facilities."
Production of healthy cloned mice from bodies frozen at -20C for 16 years* [PNAS]*


Engineering Physiology:This book discusses the architecture, functioning, and biomechanics of the human body, its bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The book explains energy extraction from food and drink, what efforts the body is capable of, and how our efforts depend on the coordination among the respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic systems. This text shows how the body monitors itself, how it reacts to work loads and the environment such as heat or cold, humidity and wind. The book also explains how to measure a person’s ability to work at high efficiency: by observation of breathing rate, heart beat frequency, oxygen consumption, and by careful evaluation of subjective judgements.The text discusses, in practical terms, effects of environmental conditions and how shift work arrangements during day, evening, and night affect task performance.
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Rent Engineering Physiology 4th edition today, or search our site for K. H. E. textbooks. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Springer.


- Museum number
- Object: painting
Painting, designed for a political poster, made of poster paint on machine-made paper. It portrays Ho Chi Minh standing behind a small girl and boy. Signed, dated and inscribed with a political slogan.
- Production date
Height: 99.50 centimetres
Width: 68 centimetres
- Curator's comments
The boy is wearing costume of minority people in the north which probably refers to the politics of unifying Vietnam. The red scarves indicate the Children are members of the Communist League for children under 15.
Ho Chi Minh died of a massive heart attack on National Independence Day, 2 September 1969, the year this poster was made. Consequently he is portrayed here in spirit with two school children. Ho deliberately chose high-collared buttoned jackets in preference to either a modern Western-style suit or the traditional black tunic and turban of a member of the Vietnamese literati. Although this attire originated among colonial administrators in Asia, from the early 1920s in China it had taken on a revolutionary symbolism. The poster's palette is also redolent of contemporary Chinese Cultural Revolution posters showing Mao Zedong with pupils.
Nguyen Thu (b. 1930, Hanoi) joined the army in 1946 as a cadet, when the National Resistance was officially declared. He had a natural artistic talent which he utilized to produce propaganda posters and drawings, and he also assisted with the production of a newspaper for the Resistance movement's political section, illustrating books and newspapers. During the period of resistance against the French, Nguyen Thu created several notable works which were officially acclaimed and he subsequently won several prizes. During the war against America he often took his students to record the activities in the countryside, painting and drawing not only the army but also every-day subjects such as industry and agriculture.
- Not on display
- Associated events
- Associated Event: American-Vietnam War
- Acquisition date
- Registration number


When: June 26 through June 30 from 9:00am - 3:00pm
Join us for a 5-day workshop using the outdoors as an educational tool to learn about native ecosystems and how you can transform your schoolyard into a learning lab all while improving the health of Ohio’s waterways.
Earth Partnership seeks to:
- Bring people together interested in linking environmental and health concerns to
academic achievement in science, math, social studies, language and the arts.
- Partner with communities to broaden participation and generate enthusiasm among youth to become the next generation of environmental stewards.
- Integrate Latino perspectives and experience with Earth Partnership’s ecological
restoration education programs in diverse watersheds and ecosystems. Lesson plans translated into Spanish.
- Address the needs of K-12 educators for culturally accurate and authentic resources across the curriculum.
Fee: $100 - includes instruction, materials, Earth Partnership K-12 Curriculum Guide, Project Wild curriculum guide. (Project Wild guides are provided free-of-charge by the ODNR-Division of Wildlife)
For an additional $165 you can earn 3 graduate credits from University of Wisconsin.
Funding for school projects will be available upon completion of this workshop.
June 26-30, 2017
(classes will be held at various locations from 9:00am - 3:00pm)
Follow up one-day session Spring 2018 - Date TBD
Contact Amy Roskilly at 216/524-6580, ext. 1005 or email@example.com
A detailed confirmation will be sent following registration.
This workshop is sponsored by:
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Cuyahoga Soil & Water Conservation District
Conservancy for the Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Ohio Division of Wildlife
Ohio Project Wild
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency


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With urban gardening making huge strides around the world, cities are being transformed from barren concrete landscapes to a sea of green. It's a movement that has gained fans as more people realize the potential that lies within cities. With experts predicting that 80% of the world population will be living in urban areas by 2050, urban gardening and agriculture aren't just a hobbies, they are necessities.
So how are peole around the world addressing the need of growing food in urban areas? Places like Brazil have incorporated urban gardening with recycling programs. Some cities are trading free vegetables for recycled goods as part of a program called Delicious Recycling.
Architects in Barcelona dove in ''vegitecture'' by transforming an a demolition site into a vertical garden. Known as the city's green wall, the vertical garden replaced an eyesore with an array of plants and a bird sanctuary. Another group of architects have envisioned the concept for a city in the sky, a sort of megatropolis full of gardens that would hover above cities like New York and London.
While it's great to imagine the future, farming enthusiasts across the United States are acting now. In Chicago, an abandoned factory is being transformed into a zero-waste vertical farm. Sustainable urban agriculture is getting a push in California though Back to Roots, a social enterprise that sells mushroom kits that use recycled coffee grinds.
Of course, any mention of urban gardening or farming in the United States wouldn't be complete without referring to the many efforts taking place in New York City - a place that boasts rooftop gardens, urban beekeepers and artisan foodmakers. All of these accomplishments in urban gardening are inspiring but perhaps the best is yet to come.
More on urban gardening:


عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]چکیده [English]
In this survey, twenty travel books of most famous travelers who visited Kashan from the reign of Shah Abbas the Great to the time of Persian constitutional revolution have been investigated. Accordingly, what a traveler has seen and heard about Kashan is compared to other travelers' records of the same or different time and also to the present situation, and this way, the truth or falsity of these records has been revealed. Among the travelers of Safavid period, Chardin, Anthony and Robert Shirley, Tavernier, Figueroa, Della Valle, Herbert and Olearius, whose descriptions include the typical records of that time, have been chosen. Furthermore the works of Polak, Browne, Curzon, Sykes, De Bode, Olivier, Flandin, De Sercey, De Gobineau, Dieulafoy, Aubin and Pottinger have been examined as the selection books of Qajar period. The data of these sources has been analyzed based on historical geography of Kashan region under the categories: administrative divisions, routes, geographical situation and configuration of the city, weather, water supply, rampart of the city, alleys and neighborhoods, mosques and sacred sites, earthquake, markets, houses, telegraph offices, Fin garden, population, religious minorities, governors, industry, mints, agriculture, mineral materials, genuine or superstitious beliefs and ideas, Heydari-Ne'mati conflicts, recreations, costumes, women's condition, fear of scorpion, insects and diseases, dialects, cookery and the revision of natives' attitudes toward travelers. The relation of traveler's descriptions to his life era and his occupation and character has also been discussed in the article.


If you're a big chocoholic, you might have dreamed of swimming in a sea of chocolate, or at least having a never ending supply. While neither of those are likely to happen, the University of Exeter in the UK has created something just as cool: a 3D printer that prints with chocolate.
The University created the printer for the retail and manufacturing market, to help give a consumer boost--the printer would allow customers to design and "print" their own chocolatey creation for themselves or someone else. According to the University, this is the first time 3D rendering has ever been applied to chocolate.
Dr Liang Hao, the research leader behind the project, believes that the printer is both low-cost to run and is non-hazardous too. We believe it sounds delicious.
It may be a first, but it wasn't easy to create, due to the consistency of chocolate. Researchers needed to get the temperature and cooling cycles just right in order to make a print out that wasn't just a yummy chocolate mess. Fortunately, specially made instruments were formed just for the printer, to avoid the chocolate being too hard to mould. Although, any mess is sure to be eaten anyway...
With the help of software developer Delcam, Dr Hao and his team are currently working on an easy-to-use designing program for customers to use when building their chocolate, as well as a website where designs could be uploaded and shared.
While this printer is certainly mouthwatering, Hao is hoping that the technique of customers designing their own products and then having them printed will catch on in more than just the treat market. Would you like to be able to create your own items more online? Tell us in the comments.
Now if you'll excuse me, I need a snack.
Like this? You might also enjoy...
- Geeky Eats, Nerdy Treats
- Cornell Scientists Print The Future Of Food
- Behold the Robotic Future of Cake Decoration


Why Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Medications Have Some Effect on Dopamine
If you strip off the outer insulator of your Cat5 network cable (used on home networks if not using wireless), you'll see several pairs, two wires each, twisted together. Twisting wires together insulates them from "cross talk" (unwanted signals called noise) from other wires wrapped in the same outer insulation of the cable.
According to a theoretical neural model proposed by neuroscientists, the brain runs parallel dopamine and norepinephrine neuron "wires" to destinations that require multiple neurotransmitters to activate and maintain attention and focus functions in demand. The two paths, one for dopamine and the other for norepinephrine, have limited insulation between them allowing for a degree of "cross talk." Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor medications cause some dopamine reuptake inhibition as a result.
Attention and focus functions are equally dependent on dopamine and norepinephrine among a slew of other neurotransmitters that evidently play lessor roles.


Location: Transylvania – Central Romania
Nearby large towns: Brasov (9 miles northeast)
Rasnov Fortress, is located in the Carpathian Mountains, 650 ft. above the town of Rasnov. First mentioned in an official document in 1331, the fortress was built by Teutonic Knights as protection against invading Tartars. Strategically located on the commercial route linking the provinces of Transylvania and Walachia, Rasnov differs from other Saxon fortresses in that it was designed as a place of refuge over extended periods of time. As such, it had at least 30 houses, a school, a chapel and other buildings more commonly associated with a village.
The fortress was last used as a place of refuge during the revolution of 1848 and was abandoned after that.
Dire Straits-Brothers in arms


Why does Piggy want Ralph to be the leader?
Answers 1Add Yours
Ralph is the closest boy that he feels safe with. Piggy knows that he would suffer ceaseless harassment under Jack's rule. Piggy is scared for his life should Jack rule the island. At least Ralph wants order and he wants to be rescued. There is also a kindness about Ralph that is lacking in many other of the boys.


NORWAY – An outbreak of Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) has now been confirmed at a Arnøy Laks salmon farm in the Troms area of Norway.
Scientists of Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital have decoded the antihypertensive impact of omega-3 fatty acids on a systemic level and they have also described the underlying molecular mechanisms for the first time.
The aquaculture industry has grown dramatically, and plays an important role in the world’s food supply chain. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food animals receives much attention, and drug use in aquaculture is also an important issue.
GLOBAL – Will we soon be forced to eat jellyfish? Since the beginning of the 2000’s, these gelatinous creatures have invaded many of the world’s seas, like the Japan Sea, the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, etc. Is it a cyclic phenomenon, caused by changes in marine currents or even global warming? Until now, the causes remained unknown.
Each year billions of animals make annual migrations to escape adverse environmental conditions. Migration is a spectacular and important biological phenomenon, but studying what drives animals to make these arduous journeys is extremely difficult. Food and climate are classic explanations for animal migration, but the idea that animals migrate to escape predators is less well studied.
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) is a virus belongs to genus Isavirus and family Orthomyxoviridae. Ms Aamelfot studied the interaction between salmon and ISAV; and provide new information on the development of ISA.
Read the article here:
More detail on sialic acid:
More detail on hemagglutinin:
Research team led by Donald Lighter at the University of Arizona found that a potent toxin released by phage infected Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes tissue destruction and dysfunction of the hepatopancreas.


~て Conjunctive form with いる
The Conjunctive form of a verb is used with another element to form a meaningful unit. In this exercise, we will learn the combination of the Conjunctive form of a verb and the verb いる, which expresses continuous action or state.
How to derive the Conjunctive form:
How to use the form:
- Group 1: Change the final る to て
- Group 2: When the final syllable is
く, change it to いて
ぐ, change it to いで
す, change it to して
む, ぬ, or ぶ, change it to んで
つ, る, or う, change it to って
Exception: いく (to go) →いって
- Group 3: くる→きて、する→して
The Conjunctive form of the verb よむ, which means "to read", is よんで, so when you add いる to this form, the newly-formed verb phrase is よんでいる. This phrase can have the following two meanings.
'I am reading an interesting book now.'
'I have been reading an interesting book now.'
When the verb in the Conjunctive form cannot express repeated action, then ている describes a continuing state rather than an ongoing action.
'That person has been awake [=that person is already up].'
'The car stopped (and it is there now).'
When the verb is already stative, the Conjunctive form is not used with いる. For instance, you may not say お金（かね）があっています to mean "I have money." This is because the verb ある ("have") is stative. The same is true with other stative verbs such as いる ("need") and いる ("exist").


The death toll from Mexico's huge earthquake has risen to 35, the AP reports. The magnitude 8.1 earthquake appears to have hit hardest in the city of Juchitan, a township of almost 100,000 people that's a center of the Zapotec culture. The Oaxaca state government says 17 people in Juchitan died in the earthquake that struck late Thursday. State spokesperson Alfonso Martinez said he saw "a very high percentage of homes damaged or destroyed." "It's not just the roofs that have collapsed. In many cases the walls have cracked or collapsed completely," he said. Martinez said it's unlikely more dead will be found in the town, but said soldiers were still digging through the rubble.
Meanwhile Chiapas state civil defense director Luis Manuel Moreno says 10 people are known dead and about 120 people have been injured across his state, the closest to the earthquake. Many buildings in the area are constructed of thick, unreinforced masonry walls, with timber roof beams supporting clay tile roofs. That appears to have contributed to the injuries. A preliminary analysis indicates the quake was triggered by the sudden breaking or bending of the Cocos plate, which dives beneath Mexico. This type of process doesn't happen often in subduction zones. "It's unusual, but it's not unheard of," says seismologist Susan Hough of the US Geological Survey. (Read more Mexico stories.)


Call it a sign of the times, one that doesn’t reflect well on the age we live in. a disturbing shift was discovered in data collected on injury deaths.
“It’s now thought suicide is the number one cause of death,” says Dr. Omar Rieche.
Dr. Rieche is the director the Behavioral Health Center. He notes that suicide jumped dramatically among active and former soldiers.
“If we look at the numbers, at least 2.6 million service members have been involved in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. From that number it is estimated about one-quarter may experience PTSD. With the tremendous amount of PTSD we think that has also increased the suicide rate,” says Dr. Rieche.
The CDC compiled injury death statistics from 2000-2009. It was in 2009 the rankings took a dramatic turn. For the first time, suicide overtook car wrecks.
“Seat belt technology, the airbag technology, the safety technology in general has improved. All of which contributes to the CDC numbers,” says Mark Tesoro, trauma analyst with Lee Memorial Health System.
The suicide rate rose 15% in the last decade, while fatal crashes dropped 25%. Health experts believe both categories are largely preventable. The shift in rankings may focus attention on people who are at the breaking point.
“You start to see difficulties in attendance in school, or attending to work, interacting with the family, losing control and becoming more angry,” says Dr. Rieche.
Turning the corner on suicide takes a shift in mindset.
“Some real good active campaigns for the general population and for soldiers to say ‘it’s ok for you to get treatment’,” says Dr. Rieche.
As in highway safety, mental health issues have warning signs.


The Orton effect is named after the photographer Michael Orton who created this technique. Originally, it involved combining two slide films of the same scene together. One slide would be sharp and overexposed by two stops. The other slide would be blurry and overexposed by one stop. When the two slides came together as one, it would produce an image that was dreamy with a glowing haze.
Now with the magic and convenience of Photoshop, you’re able to produce a similar effect quick and easy – no slide films involved!
Turn an ugly seagull:
Into a dreamy one:
Creating the sharp, overexposed image
Open your image in Photoshop. Now duplicate the background and call that layer “Sharp”
Duplicate that layer again and call it “Sharp +2”
Click on the layer “Sharp +2” and set the blending mode from normal to screen. That should brighten the image.
Right click the “Sharp +2” layer and click on Merge Down to combine the two sharp layers.
Creating the blurry image
Duplicate the Sharp +2 layer and call this new layer “Blurry”
Now on the top menu, go to Filter > Blur and then select Gaussian Blur
This where you would need to play around with the amount of Gaussian blur to apply. You want it to a level where the details are too blurred to be distinct, but the shape of the object can still be recognized. In this case, I’ve set it to 12.5. In general, the bigger the megapixel, the more blur you’d need to apply.
On the Blurry layer, change the blending mode to Multiply.
And there you have it! You can play around it with some more, by adjusting the opacity levels of the Blurry layer or have a go tweaking some Curves and Saturation. I’ve left it as it is.


The Thomas County School System wants students to READ this summer! Did you know that students can have up to a 2-3 month loss in reading ability over the summer? It's important for students to spend time sharpening their reading skills!
Each school has developed a summer reading challenge for students. We would like for students to read for 15-30 minutes everyday this summer. The guidelines and requirements vary by school. Please click the link below for more information about each school's guidelines and a list of eBook resources. If you need more information, please talk to the media specialist at your school. The guidelines are for the school the students will be attending in the 2022-2023 school year.
Summer Reading Challenge Website


Answer #1: Information.
The later we are to act in a hand, the more information we have about what our opponents at the table are going to do. Said simply, if they have to act first, they have to give away information about both their hand strength and their line intentions before we do. Getting to act last means we can decide what to do with our hand based on information about their hand and line.
Here's a really simple but important example of this concept in action. We are dealt a pair of sevens UTG in a full-ring game. Sevens look strong, but with eight people yet to act, we're entering the pot basically blind. Now, I'm not saying we should or shouldn't open the sevens here (it depends on a lot of other factors), but we're putting money into the pot without knowing where anyone else is in the hand yet. In this particular case, we end up shoveling in more dough than we should when we call the first re-raise... and then we still don't even get to see a flop.
All-in for now...
And if you can't see the video due to mobile device compatibility issues:
|Hand History converter courtesy of pokerhandreplays.com|
|Seat1:||seat 1||($200)||Small Blind|
|Seat2:||seat 2||($200)||Big Blind|
|Dealt to hero|
Flop (Pot: $307)
Turn (Pot: $307)
River (Pot: $307)
|villain #1 SHOWS|
|villain #2 SHOWS|
|villain #2||wins the pot: $307|


Martin's Christmas Carol
A 20 minute Christmas musical
Book by Gary Sironen; lyrics & music adapted by Gary Sironen
An imaginary tale about German religious reformer Martin Luther and his effort to direct his first children's Christmas musical, with a little help from his wife, Kate. In Scene 1, Martin shares his frustrations about agreeing to prepare a children's Christmas musical while Kate is trying to tailor Martin's costume. Scene 2 is a hectic rehearsal during which kids ask Martin questions about the meaning of the Christmas story. During Scene 3, the kids present the musical, inviting the audience to sing along.
This musical is written for a small cast of 3-6 children and two adults (or older kids playing adult roles), but it can easily be adapted for a larger cast and amended with the addition of audience sing-along Christmas Carols between scenes 2 & 3.
Martin's responses are based on Luther's Christmas sermons. The music is adapted from Luther's Christmas hymn, "From Heaven Above to Earth I Come", which he actually wrote for use as a Christmas Pageant.


14 APRIL 1471 — the battle of Barnet. Warwick, who had joined with Margaret of Anjou, fought King Edward IV. On this field, Sir Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (great-uncle to Sir Thomas Parr of Kendal, father to Queen Katherine) AND Sir Thomas Parr (great-uncle of Queen Katherine) died. Uncle Thomas Parr, who had previously fought with Warwick, fell fighting along side the Duke of Gloucester (future King Richard III); fighting for the House of York.
Sir Thomas Parr (brother to Queen Katherine’s grandfather, Sir William, Baron Parr of Kendal) in 1471 had become a retainer of Richard, Duke of Gloucester. His brother, John (later Knt.), had become an esquire of the body in King Edward IV’s household. Lord Parr was given a position in the north with his uncle-by-marriage, Warwick (Lord Parr’s wife, Hon. Elizabeth FitzHugh, was a niece of Warwick). Lord Parr would find himself on the opposite side of his brother’s as Warwick’s power grew. By the time Warwick had made alliances with Margaret of Anjou, Lord Parr had abandoned Warwick. No family was guaranteed to come away from this war without losses and the Parrs’ were no exception. Sir Thomas Parr would die fighting for the York cause alongside the Duke of Gloucester. (Porter)
- Linda Porter. “Katherine, the queen: The Remarkable Life of Katherine Parr, the Last Wife of Henry VIII,” Macmillan, Nov 23, 2010. Chapter: “The Courtiers of the White Rose.”


Earthshine appears as a faint glow on the moon, softly illuminating the details of its surface. It happens when our planet reflects sunlight onto the moon's face, and is brightest in the spring (between April and June) when viewed from the northern hemisphere. For an astronaut on the moon, earthshine would have an even more literal meaning, as the Earth would appear spectacularly lit. The amount of solar energy reflected from the Earth is known as Earth's "albedo," and measuring it can help scientists to analyze climate change and the weather.
Earthshine Bathes The Moon In Soft Light
Key Facts In This Video
Leonardo da Vinci was the first known scientist to describe and explain earthshine. 00:19
When the moon is rising toward full, you can see Earthshine after sunset; before a new moon, you can see it before sunrise. 00:44
Measuring the changing intensity of Earthshine can help scientists study climate change. 01:18
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Sometimes my students would come up with a layout like this:
It may seem that things are aligned, but they are not. Can you see what’s wrong? I would ask, how is the heading positioned? They would say, it’s centered:
How is the text aligned then? They would say, it’s left-aligned:
And how was the left margin chosen? They would say, it’s aligned with the heading. But this means that the position of text depends on the length of the heading. What would you do with this if the text changes on another screen?
This doesn’t work as a system, because this structure is unstable. It reminds me of the fragile Windows Start menu:
You must be careful enough not to breathe, or the whole thing will fall apart.
So, generally, do not align a piece of text to an itself-unaligned part of another text:
Because when you translate this text into a different language, really weird things will happen:


London stops burning, the First Continental Congress meets, terrorists target Israeli Olympians in Munich, and Mother Teresa passes away, all on this day.
1977: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay. It would later become the first probe to provide detailed images of Jupiter and Saturn and their moons. The probe, along with its sister craft Voyager 2, remains on its extended mission today, tasked with locating and studying the boundaries of the Solar System.
Library of Congress
iStock / gbh007
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Tags: Clean Air
In a year of presidential candidates promising to slash funding for the EPA, or abolish it outright, the OECD has released its “Environmental Outlook to 2050,” showing the deadly consequences of our increasingly hands-off approach to clean air.
According to the OECD’s report, air pollution is expected to kill more than 6 million people per year by 2050, outstripping malaria, unsafe drinking water, and poor sanitation, even in wealthier countries like the U.S.
The EPA is currently under attack for putting into place standards for mercury pollution and other air toxics. Despite a 20-year vetting process for the mercury pollution standards and overwhelming support from the medical and scientific community, opponents of the standards call the EPA’s rulings expensive and destructive. To the contrary, the EPA estimates its new standards will save 11,000 lives a year by 2016, and deliver $36 billion to $89 billion in health benefits savings.


A Japanese magnetic levitation (maglev) train has broken its own world speed record. In a test run near Tokyo’s Mount Fuji, the train hit 374 mph (603 km/h). The train’s previous speed record was 367 mph (590 km/h). Central Japan Railway, which owns the train, hopes to have service between Tokyo and Nagoya up and running by 2027. The 174-mile (280 km) trip would take only about 40 minutes. That is less than half the time it currently takes. The trains, however, will not operate at the maximum speed once passengers are aboard. Instead of traditional rail, like Japan’s famed Bullet Train, a maglev train uses magnets to hover above its tracks. The lack of friction allows it to reach such high speeds. By 2045, another maglev line is planned for Tokyo to Osaka. That trip would take just one hour. The Tokyo-Nagoya line is estimated to reach a cost of $100 billion. In addition to use in their home country, Japanese officials hopes to sell the technology to other countries as well. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe plans to pitch the idea to United States officials for a line from New York City to Washington, DC.
Photo of a Japanese maglev train by Dom Pates/Flickr Creative Commons.