Signal Management With Median
For measures recorded from the colour reader, the ultrasonic distance sensor and other sophisticated devices prone to erratic values, we need to separated the signal from the noise.
By signal, we mean usable information. At the contrary, noise refers to contaminated and useless measures.
Let's consider two common solutions
As per wikipedia,
In probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the numeric value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
So, if we have five measures, we're going
Result is 2193.
Ready-To-Use Shared Function
Please find below the Robo Pro project ready-to-use Median functions.
Keep in mind:
Download the driver with an example for RoboPro.
This file is under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Test well water annually
COLUMBIA -- The human body is more than 70 percent water and it needs to be replenished every day. But how good is the water you're drinking?
If you have a private well, testing the water once a year is a good idea.
"Mainly what we want to check for is E. coli bacteria," says Bob Broz, University of Missouri Extension water quality specialist.
Several years ago, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey showed that about one in two private wells in Missouri had high levels of bacteria.
Broz says well owners should contact their county health department and get a water test bottle. The small bottle will include instructions for collecting a water sample and sending it to a state-certified testing lab.
Broz recommends collecting and shipping your sample early in the week for prompt testing. "They don't want you to send it on a Thursday or Friday," he says. "That water sample will sit somewhere not being properly handled for three or four days and that may mess up the test."
Well owners may also want a domestic suitability test, particularly if it's a new well.
The MU Soil and Plant Testing Laboratory (http://soilplantlab.missouri.edu/soil) will do a suitability test for $35. Broz says it provides information on hardness, pH, nitrates, sulfates, copper and other things that may be found in water in Missouri. He notes that your well water may be safe to drink even if it's not aesthetically pleasing due to high levels of minerals.
"Testing for bacteria once a year is one way to keep you and your family healthy," Broz says. "Testing for bacteria doesn't guarantee the water is safe, but it reduces the concern of a bacterial infection."
If your well tests positive for bacteria, follow the procedures for shock chlorinating your well. A wellhead protection assessment can help identify ways contamination might be getting into your well.
For more information, the MU Extension guide "Bacteria in Drinking Water" (WQ102) is available for free download at http://extension.missouri.edu/p/WQ102.


The psalms are masterful poems that echo the tenors of community life and worship as they project the scope of the human drama from lament to praise. They chart a profound and vital relationship with God, with al the ups and downs that this relationship implies. Konrad Schaefer's concise commentary on the psalms relates their poetic elements while respecting their historical context and traditional use in the liturgy and, more importantly, their ultimate value as a springboard to private and communal prayer.
In "Psalms," Schaefer focuses on the structure of each psalm, its dramatic plot, the modes of discourse, the rhetorical features, and the effective use of imagery to portray theology and the spiritual life. Schaefer portrays each poem's inner dynamic to acquaint readers with the poet and the community which prayed and preserved the composition, allowing the believer to transpose it in the contemporary situation.
"Psalms" is for those who would like to pray the psalms with more intensity of meaning; for those willing to touch the biblical world and taste of its fruit in the Word of God; and for devoted readers of the Bible to become more expert as it helps experts become more devoted.
Chapters are Introduction," "Book One (Psalms 1-41)," "Book Two (Psalms 42-72)," "Book Three (Psalms 73-89)," "Book Four (Psalms 90-106)," and "Book Five (Psalms 107-150)."
"Konrad Schaefer, OSB, SSD, is a monk of Mount Angel Abbey, Oregon. He currently teaches at Our Lady of Angels in Cuernavaca, Mexico.""


Golden Gloves Boxing
This picture was taken in 1947. We have listed as Back Row, left to right: Harold Guldager, Allen Walden, Jim Walden, Harvey Dallman (Trainer), Hjalmer Friton, Ed Walden, & George Gustafson. Directly in front, left to right: Shimschock & Eckstein.
Amateur boxing enjoyed enormous popularity in the 1930s, '40s and well into the '50s. It was a simpler, more innocent time for the sport of boxing, with gentlemanly heroes like Joe Louis (nick named Brown Bomber) who was considered to be a worthy role model for children. For the most part, the seamy underside of the sport remained hidden.
Children even received boxing gloves as Christmas or birthday gifts and were cheered on by their parents in amateur matches the same way young football players are encouraged today. Black eyes were badges of pride to young fighters who sneered at wearing protective headgear. Boxing as been known as the "sweet science". Many hours were conducted on learning the correct workings of the right technique of boxing for the boys; a complete devotion.
For Harold Guldager, Allen Walden, Jim Walden, Harvey Dallman (Trainer), Hjalmer Friton, Ed Walden, George Gustafson, Shimschock and Eckstein they were of the many here in Sleepy Eye that took on the roles and attempts to becoming the next Golden Glove winner, through the many black eyes, sore muscles, and bruised egos. In the eyes of themselves they were winners, perhaps not in the eyes of national championships but in their eyes they themselves, made of heart and steal, they were Champions to themselves and their teammates.


A sharp blow to the head, a rapidly increasing fever, or medical conditions, such as epilepsy or low blood sugar in a person with diabetes, can cause brain seizures, explains WebMD. Brain surgery or brain damage due to a stroke can also lead to a seizure.Continue Reading
Congenital problems; an infection, such as encephalitis or meningitis; or a structural defect in the brain, such as an aneurysm or brain tumor, can cause seizures, according to WebMD. Some parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis or tapeworm, can produce seizures. Withdrawal from illegal drugs, alcohol or prescription medicine can lead to brain seizures.
Additional causes of brain seizures include abnormal levels of glucose or sodium in the blood, heat illnesses or heat intolerance, electric shock and poisoning, according to Medline Plus. Individuals with heart disease are at an increased risk for seizures.
A person experiencing a brain seizure may black out for a period of time, convulse, drool or fall suddenly, explains Medline Plus. Some individuals temporarily stop breathing, experience jerking limbs or uncontrollable spasms, or experience a loss of bowel or bladder control when a seizure occurs. Grunting, snorting, sudden eye movements and mood changes may indicate a brain seizure in some patients.Learn more about Conditions & Diseases


An IoT system consists of sensors/devices which “talk” to the cloud through some kind of connectivity. Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it and then might decide to perform an action, such as sending an alert or automatically adjusting the sensors/devices without the need for the user.
Our specialized team describes the idea of everyday physical objects being connected to the internet
and being able to identify themselves to other devices. The term is closely identified with RFID as the method of
communication, although it also may include other sensor technologies, wireless technologies or QR codes.
What we provide!!!


Learn to select and accurately specify the most appropriate grade of stainless steel for a given application.
The course provides a working knowledge of the production, processing and forming of a wide range of stainless steel grades - Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, Duplex and Precipitation Hardening. The properties specific to each family are shown together with some typical applications. Technical considerations and their impact on processing and in-service performance are emphasized.
An overview of steel metallurgy is followed by examination of how steels corrode under aqueous and high temperature gaseous conditions.
The primary and secondary processes for blending stainless steel alloys and forming them into stock shapes are reviewed and the course concludes with shape forming, cutting and welding processes suitable for stainless steels in a wide variety of user applications.
This course provides a shared, technical understanding between engineers, those responsible for choosing which steel to use, procurement departments and marketing & sales professionals.
Who should attend?
The course is ideal for professionals involved in the manufacture, supply and use of stainless steels products. The course is delivered at a moderate technical level and assumes only very basic prior knowledge of steel metallurgy.
How will I benefit?
- Appreciate the fundamental principles of stainless steel metallurgy,
- Understand how stainless steel is made and processed,
- Explain how corrosion is controlled and prevented,
- Specify and match correct stainless steel grades with a range of applications.


The radius Rhand mass Mh of a black hole are related by Rh = 2GMh/c^2, where c is the speed of light. Assume that the gravitational acceleration agof an object at a distance Ro = 1.001Rh from the center of a black hole is given by Ag = G M / r^2 (it is, for large black holes). (a) What is ag at ro for a very large black hole whose mass is 1.61 × 10^14 times the solar mass of 1.99 × 10^30 kg? (b) If an astronaut with a height of 1.66 m is at ro with her feet toward this black hole, what is the difference in gravitational acceleration between her head and her feet? Rh = 2(6.67x10^-11)(3.204x10^44)/ (3.0x10^8)^2 Rh = 4.75 x 10^17 So then, Ag = GM/ (1.001Rh)^2 Ag = (6.67x10-11)(3.204x10^44)/(1.001 x 4.75x10^17)^2 Ag = 0.0945 m/s^2 I find myself having trouble with part B. How do i relate them? I did Ag = (6.67x10^-11)(3.204x10^44)/(1.66 x 4.75x10^17)^2 Ag = 0.0344 m/s^2 So i did the difference btwn answer A and B and got .0601 m/s^2 But i know its wrong. Can someone help me out? Thanks!


This device outputs a VGA signal. If you have a display or video destination that uses another type of video connection, there are ways that you can convert the video signal or connection. These options are outlined below and organized by the target connection.
|Target connection||First conversion||Second conversion (if required)|
|DVI-D||VGA to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=VGA&filter_AVOUTPUT=HDMI.||HDMI to DVI-D: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=VGA&filter_AVOUTPUT=HDMI.|
|DVI-I||VGA to DVI-I: https://www.startech.com/Cables/Audio-Video/Video-Adapter/DVIVGA/.||N/A|
|DisplayPort||VGA to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=VGA&filter_AVOUTPUT=HDMI.||HDMI to DisplayPort: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=HDMI&filter_AVOUTPUT=DisplayPort.|
Note: You might need to use more than one converter as part of your solution; however, you should try to use the least number of converters and cables to connect your source and destination. If you have the option to convert to multiple target video connections, choose the option that requires the fewest number of conversions.
When you convert from VGA to DVI, you need to know if you are converting to a DVI-I or a DVI-D connection. For more information about how to identify the type of connection that you need, refer to the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/faq/video_signal_converters_dvi_interface.
You also need to know which form of DVI that you are using, because DVI-I supports both analog (VGA) and digital (HDMI) signals, while DVI-D only supports digital (HDMI) signals.
Note: Certain devices may have a DVI-I connection but only support DVI-D signaling. It is important to verify that your DVI-I device supports DVI-I signaling.


“Why in the world would anyone do that?!”
The only answer is that there was some sort of motivation, a reason
for the action.
Ask a child why she misbehaved, and you’ll probably get, “I dunno.” She might not always know the reason (chances are she does), but there is one.
Actors may think motivation is important, but writers – all writers – know it is essential to anything they do.
Fiction writers deal with the motivation of their characters all the time. Why someone does something will always affect the story line. Clashing motivations create tension and make for good reading.
Poets write to evoke feelings. Often their poetry highlights cultural or political inequity. People who feel strongly about something are more likely to take action.
Anyone who is writing anything has to ask the question, “Why?”
- Why would anyone buy our product or service?
- Why would this company want to hire me?
- Why would this student’s experience be important?
- Why does the world need to know about our scientific discovery?
- Why are people crazy about Pokemon Go?
- Why would anyone want to be a professional writer?
The answers to those questions will direct what we write and how we write it. Let’s make our writing life easier (that’s motivation enough for me) and find out why.
Now, If I can only find some motivation for housework…


Regina Jonas (1902–1944) grew up in a very religious Jewish household in Berlin. She worked as a teacher at a girls’ school to finance her education at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums (Higher Institute for Jewish Studies). Of the few female students at the college, she was the only one who aspired to become a rabbi. She succeeded in this goal, becoming the first woman in the world to do so. In 1930 she qualified as a religion teacher and from then on was permitted to teach and preach. In 1935 she was ordained as a rabbi. From 1941 she was obliged to perform forced labor. On 5 November 1942, she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Here she continued to lecture and preach to her fellow prisoners. In October 1944 she was transported to the Auschwitz extermination camp, where she was murdered, presumably on 12 December of that year.


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Bugbane, also called Rattletop, any of about 15 species of tall perennial herb constituting the genus Cimicifuga of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) native to North Temperate woodlands. They are said to put bugs to flight by the rustling of their dried seed heads.
In North America the American bugbane, or summer cohosh (C. americana), about 120 cm (4 feet) tall, and the black cohosh, or black snakeroot (C. racemosa; see ), about 180 cm (5.91 feet) tall, have roots that have been used medicinally. C. foetida, native to Europe and Siberia, is used medicinally by the Chinese. These species are sometimes grown in the shady woodland garden for their whitish branched flower stalks that rise strikingly above the large, divided leaves.


Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to Brassica nigra: black mustard
n See mustard.
a genus of plants of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family containing a large number of cultivated plants eaten by humans and food animals. Poisoning with them is rare but under particular growing conditions and if the diet consists almost entirely of the one plant some massive outbreaks of poisoning can occur.
Poisoning syndromes attributed to Brassica spp. include hemolytic anemia (kale anemia) caused by SMCO, goiter from glucosinolates, nitrate/nitrite, photosensitization, blindness (polioencephalomalacia), respiratory distress and rumen stasis.
Includes B. campestris (B. rapa), B. hirta (Sinapis alba), B. juncea (Indian or leaf mustard), B. kaber (Sinapis arvensis), B. napus var. napus (B. napus), B. sinapistrum (Sinapis arvensis).
annual weed; the seed is used, together with that of B. nigra, to make commercial mustard. The seed, stubble or plant in pod can cause gastroenteritis with signs of abdominal pain, salivation and diarrhea. The toxin is a mixture of isothiocyanates called mustard oil. The enzyme myrosinase is needed to activate the oil and produce irritant effect. Oil cake containing the oil may be nontoxic because myrosinase is inactivated but can become toxic if animal has access to alternative source of the enzyme simultaneously.
rape or canola.
seeds are used in mixtures with B. alba in the manufacture of commercial mustard powder. Can cause poisoning as for B. alba (see above).
the commercial vegetables and cultivated fodder plants. Includes B. o. var. acephala (kale, cole, chou moellier), B. o. var. botrytis (cauliflower), B. o. var. capitata (cabbage), B. o. var. gemmifera (Brussel sprouts), B. o. var. italica (broccoli, calabrese).
Brassica rapa subsp. campestris


Lead and Copper Rule
In 1991, the Environmental Protection Agency enacted guidelines for municipal water providers to test the lead and copper levels in residential properties. These minerals can enter the water system from the corrosion of some plumbing materials. The Town is required to test each system every three years for these elements. This short video gives an overview of the legislation and the sampling process.
If your home is selected, there are a few guidelines we want to mention. First, the sample collected must be the first draw of the day. we need to test water that has been motionless in your plumbing for at least six hours. Second, the sample should be taken from either the kitchen sink or the bathroom sink. It is usually easier to use the kitchen sink, since the bottle is so large. Be sure to fill the bottle completely. We need one full liter to the lab testing procedures.
Lead and Copper testing schedule


Norwood and Pratten first described Antiquatonia portlockiana in 1855 as Producti portlockianus. 1976 the species was rearranged as Antiquatonia portlockiana by Douglas C. Brew and Stanley S. Beus. Specimens of Antiquatonia Portlockiana from Armstrong County Brachiopods have been a less-than-common find at the Pine Creek locality. Gastropods, Cephalopods, and Rugose
This brachiopod is beautifully centered in what is likely a concretion circle. The specimen was found in the high-hill shale. This layer contains a shale that I call mud stone. It comes out in larger pieces than thinner shale. The rock still splits rather easily, and it contains many concretions.


Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
Georges Fadel, Committee Chair
Advances in additive manufacturing expand the possibilities of what can be designed and produced. One such example is producing structures that possess designed properties. Because the structure itself has the designed property, it does not require the structure's base material to have it. This allows the use of materials that lack a property to gain that property through geometry. Most elastic materials such as steel do not possess any form of energy loss under loading in their elastic regime. This research asks if a structure made from an elastic material could be designed in such a way to provide energy loss.
One structure of interest is curved-bistable beam switches found in MEMs machines. These switches are of interest because they have dierent loading and unloading force-displacement curves, resulting in dierent energy levels between loading and unloading. This results in the system having a hysteresic energy loss. Because individual beams have energy loss, this begs the question if a system of these beams could be designed to produce a structure with energy loss. This structure could then be used to substitute existing systems, such as a suspension system. The goal of this research is to investigate the behavior and to optimize a structure featuring these curved-bistable beams. On the system level, the deformation pattern, stresses throughout the structure, and total energy loss is calculated. To better understand how the variables of the curved beam aect energy loss, a surrogate model for Eloss is produced. This model is then used to optimize both a single beam and a structure of multiple beams. Finally, the material selection's role in optimization is discussed.
Montalbano, Andrew S., "Behavior and Energy Loss Optimization of an Elastic Material Metastructure" (2019). All Theses. 3132.


The introduction of non-native species in inland waters is one of the main threats for aquatic biodiversity. Introduced species may compete for resources, prey on native fauna, spread diseases and parasites. The channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Siluriformes, Ictaluridae) was first described by Rafinesque 1818 in the United States and is widely distributed in North America, south Canada and north-east Mexico. This species adapts easily to new environmental conditions, is tolerant to different habitats, and is grown easily in aquaculture, which turns it into a potential invader of natural aquatic environments. The introduction of I. punctatus occurs in Brazil since 1980, and this is the first record of its occurrence in the Rio dos Sinos basin, Brazil. A female adult catfish was captured during a survey in the main channel of the Rio dos Sinos (29º 44' 14.04" S and 51º 05' 11.08" W). Most probably the captured individual is an escapee from nearby aquaculture facilities.
introdução; espécies exóticas; aquicultura; bagre; legislação ambiental


The Venezuelan flag is rectangular, with three horizontal stripes of equal width: yellow, blue, and red. Yellow stands for the richness of the Venezuelan earth. Blue, for the immense sea separating Venezuela from Spain. Red, for the blood that was spilled in the battles for independence.In the center of the blue stripe there are eight stars in the form of an arc, representing the eigth original provinces that formed the Capitania General of Venezuela declaring their independence on July 5, 1811. The Coat of Arms has been added to the upper left corner of the flag.
Coat of Arms
The Coat of Arms of Venezuela is partitioned into three sections: yellow, blue, and red. The right section is red and shows a sheaf of wheat, symbolizing the union of the Venezuelan States. The left section is yellow with two crossed swords and two flags entwined by a laurel wreath, as an emblem of victory; the third section occupying the entire lower half of the emblem, contains an indomitable white horse, the symbol of liberty and independence.
The cornucopias and a ribbon with the colors of the flag uniting the laurel and olive branches bears the following inscription “República Bolivariana de Venezuela; Independencia, 19 de abril de 1810; Federación, 20 de febrero de 1859.”


Twitter is great source of "network data", plus thanks to Michael Kearney's rtweet package the data is extremely easy to access.
The idea is to pull tweets on a specific topic (given a boolean search) and graph the network of Twitter @mentions to visualise hubs of conversations, e.g.: @I tweet @you creates a link between "I" and "you."
We use graphTweets to build the latter. First we pull 15,000 tweets that use the #rstats hashtag.
tweets <- rtweet::search_tweets("#rstats", n = 15000L)
We then use graphTweets to create the network of mentions.
library(graphTweets) net <- tweets %>% gt_edges(screen_name, mentions_screen_name) %>% gt_nodes() %>% gt_collect()
Finally the graph, we tweak the default offline layout so that it spreads out more.
library(grapher) # rename names(net) <- c("links", "nodes") graph(net) %>% graph_offline_layout( steps = 100, gravity = -10 ) %>% scale_node_size(n, c(10, 50)) %>% hide_long_links(180) %>% scale_link_color_coords()


How to talk with a small child: important principles
Communication with young children should be different from your usual one.
What you should pay attention to:
1. Your speech should be as simple as possible. A small child may not understand the exact meaning of certain words. In addition, you should not use complex syntactic constructions in speech: the baby will get lost and at best forget half of what was said. Use words with a single meaning and easy to understand.
2. Speak at the same level. Eye contact is crucial in communication, so work hard to keep your eyes level.
3. Be specific. In the first years of life, you should not use those words whose meanings cannot be shown in the picture or seen in the real world. The same rule applies to pronouns: they can mislead the child.


Excel Templates: A Helpful Tool for Teaching Statistics
This article describes a free, open-source collection of templates for the popular Excel (2013, and later versions) spreadsheet program. These templates are spreadsheet files that allow easy and intuitive learning and the implementation of practical examples concerning descriptive statistics, random variables, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. Although they are designed to be used with Excel, they can also be employed with other free spreadsheet programs (changing some particular formulas). Moreover, we exploit some possibilities of the ActiveX controls of the Excel Developer Menu to perform interactive Gaussian density charts. Finally, it is important to note that they can be often embedded in a web page, so it is not necessary to employ Excel software for their use. These templates have been designed as a useful tool to teach basic statistics and to carry out data analysis even when the students are not familiar with Excel. Additionally, they can be used as a complement to other analytical software packages. They aim to assist students in learning statistics, within an intuitive working environment. Supplementary materials with the Excel templates are available online.


The poem "To the Indians Who Died in Africa" is written in the voice of a British soldier speaking to soldiers from the Indian subcontinent. This suggests that the British soldier may have been the commander of a unit of Indian colonial troops, with all of them ordered to fight in a colonial battle somewhere in Africa. Given this background understanding, the statement cited is extremely applicable to the context and theme of the poem.
"This land was not your land, or ours" refers to the fighting that British and Indian soldiers ("foreign men, who fought in foreign places, Foreign to each other") carried out in a place that was foreign to all of them. Each carried with him memories of "his own village." After the war ended, the survivors took back the stories of "action with a common purpose" to tell of those buried in graveyards in the Midlands of Great Britain or in the Five Rivers area of India.


Born: 1886. Died: 1966.
French painter, trained in his native Saint-Quentin and in Paris.
He became interested in Cubism but thought it confused and unstructured.
In 1917 he allied himself to Le Curbusier. They published the book After Cubism in 1918, launching Purism Which they further discussed and contex-tualised in the journal L'Esprit Nouveau, (1920-25), and summarized in La Peinture moderne.
During the later 20s, Ozenfant produced mural paintings and also the book L'Art (in English as Foundations of Modern Art, 1931).
During 1935-8 he lived in London and from 1938 in New York, founding art schools in both. His painting, previously exceptionally economical while also decorative, became much more prolix.


To provide teachers with a new tool for the teaching of crystallographic and magnetic point groups; to provide students with a new way to learn about point groups.
This pamphlet can be used at the undergraduate level by students with some prior exposure to symmetry. This pamphlet would be useful for students in the fields of physics, chemistry, geology, and materials science and engineering.
Prior exposure to crystallography and symmetry is desirable.
A list of references is given at the end of the pamphlet. Web-based resources can be found on the site http://mpg.web.cmu.edu; these resources can be used by teachers and students alike.
This material can be taught in a two-hour lecture.


WW2 ARP & Civil Defence Lamps & Torches
Standard ARP Issue Hand Torch Lamp
This 1939-dated hand torch / lamp in the standard issue lamp given to ARP wardens in the early part of the war.
1942 ARP & Civil Defence Hand Torch Lamp
Lamp Electric No.1
This type of lamp was often used by ARP wardens and civil defence personnel. It had an integral front screen that could be lifted out of the way when more light was required.
Head/Helmet Mounted Rescue Torch
Primarily devised to assist rescue squads at air raid incidents, this battery powered torch could be worn on the head or fixed to the brim of a helmet. The battery pack would be attached to a belt and a cable ran to the torch. There are very few photos of the torch in use and it would appear that they were not actually that useful.
Helmet Mounted Rescue Lamp/Torch
This lamp/torch could be fitted to the brim of a helmet. The battery pack was fitted onto the user's belt and the wire run up the back and across the shoulder to the lamp head. It appears they were quite common pieces of equipment but few photographs show them fitted or being used.


Irregular sleeping patterns have been “unequivocally” shown to lead to cancer in tests on mice, a study suggests.
The report, in Current Biology, lends weight to concerns about the damaging impact of shift work on health.
The researchers said women with a family risk of breast cancer should never work shifts, but cautioned that further tests in people were needed.
The data also indicated the animals were 20% heavier despite eating the same amount of food.
Studies in people have often suggested a higher risk of diseases such as breast cancer in shift workers and flight attendants.


A patent can be a patent is a patent. Fake! There are numerous subcategories of patents. This short article shows the 3 major varieties of how to patent an idea or product patents:
1. Energy Patents (protect new and helpful creations for example mechanised units, electronic products, medical devices, biotechnology, devices, and processes for creating issues).
2. Layout Patents (deal with new and decorative types of items (posts of create) like storage containers, household furniture, toys and games, or housewares).
3. Grow Patents (deal with new and distinct plant types including blooming plants, greens and fresh fruit trees).
In america, when the inventor tends to make a deal to promote, will make a purchase, or publicly discloses the how to obtain a patent, the inventor has twelve months from your very first of these events to file a US patent software. Otherwise, an inventor will drop their US patent rights.
If an inventor makes a proposal to offer, will make a sale, or publicly discloses the InventHelp Headquarters before declaring a patent program he/she will probably drop their legal rights to submit in international countries around the world. WARNING: Don’t believe you zcioha just what classification your patent drops less than. Occasionally there may be an extremely fine series in between certain types of patents.
Suggestion: Do not invest enough time figuring out exactly what kind of patent you ought to file for. This is amongst the duties of your own patent lawyer or attorney. Don’t end up being the patient who self-subscribes his/her disease on the net, and after that hikes in to the medical doctors workplace preaching on the medical professional anything they have! Very same retains real for patents and intellectual property.


I'm using Python 3.5.
As part of a problem, I'm trying to design a function that takes a list as input and reverts it. So if
x = [a, b, c]
x = [c, b, a]
for revert in range(1, len(x) + 1):
`y = x[::-1]`
def rev(l): r =  for i in l: r.insert(0, i) return r
By continuously inserting at the zero-th position you end up with a reversed version of the input list:
>>> print(rev([1, 2, 3, 4])) [4, 3, 2, 1]
def rev(l): return l[::-1]
could also be considered a solution.
:: has a different result) isn't a function (it's a slice) and
 is, again, a list method. Also, contrasting
insert, it is faster and way more readable; just make sure you're able to understand and explain it. A nice explanation of how it works can be found in this S.O answer.
*Reeaaalllyyyy slow, see juanpa.arrivillaga's answer for cool graph


Temporal range: Early Ordovician–Early Jurassic
Spiriferida is an order of extinct articulate brachiopod fossils which are known for their long hinge-line, which is often the widest part of the shell. In some genera (e.g. Mucrospirifer) it is greatly elongated, giving them a wing-like appearance. They often have a deep fold down the center of the shell. The feature that gives the spiriferids their name ("spiral-bearers") is the internal support for the lophophore; this brachidium, which is often preserved in fossils, is a thin ribbon of calcite that is typically coiled tightly within the shell.
Spiriferids first appear in the Early Ordovician. They were rare during the Silurian but underwent a dramatic evolutionary radiation during the Devonian period, reaching peak development in variety and numbers. Spiriferida survived the great Permian extinction, finally becoming extinct during the Early Jurassic.
Fossils of this order are often preserved as pyrite.
- Suborder Delthyridina
- Suborder Spiriferidina
- Superfamily Adolfioidea
- Superfamily Ambocoelioidea
- Superfamily Brachythyridoidea
- Superfamily Cyrtioidea (syn. Cyrtiacea)
- Superfamily Cyrtospiriferoidea
- Superfamily Martinioidea
- Superfamily Paeckelmanelloidea
- Superfamily Spiriferoidea
- Superfamily Theodossioidea


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A tree common in the U.S.A. and various parts of Asia - belonging to the carya family. It provides valuable timber, and all species produce nuts, some varieties of which are edible - such as the pecan (carya pecan), and the shagbark (carya ovata). See 'Pecan'; 'Shagbark'
If you enjoy cooking take a minute to look at ‘Simon Scrutton French Cookery Classes’ on Google – and learn how to make top class bistro-style dishes. Suitable for beginners upwards. Small classes.


|An Asian elephant snacks on watermelon.
Photo via Wikimedia Commons.
Photo credit: Fir0002/Flagstaffotos
Arrested Development fans who like elephants, this is your story. An elephant named Koshik can mimic about seven words of Korean, and one of those words is “annyong,” or “hello.” It’s not unheard of for elephants to mimic sounds, but Koshik, who makes his Korean sounds by putting his trunk in his mouth, is the only living elephant who can mimic human speech in this way, according to researchers. You can hear Koshik making his sounds in the video, but unfortunately, it does not feature his saying “annyang.”
Koshik resides in a theme park in Korea. His technique and ability to mimic human speech have attracted researchers, who want to know more about how an animal without lips like ours could figure out a way to make our sounds. African elephants living around humans and our noises have been known to mimic human-related sounds like truck engines revving, and according to a CBS news report, an Asian elephant that lived in a zoo in Kazakhstan might have imitated sounds from the Kazahk and Russian languages. One African elephant who lived with two female Asian elephants at a zoo became known for using the chirpy mating calls of the Asian elephant instead of the lower-frequency vocalizations of the African elephant. The fellow had to do adjust, evidently. Koshik is a 20-year-old Asian elephant.
When you think about animals that mimic human speech, like crows, elephants, and possibly a beluga whale, think about what they have in common with us: They live in complex social groups where communication skills are important. Perhaps they adjust to their social environment, at least sometimes, by mimicking the sounds they hear. Koshik was so good at it that when Korean speakers came in as stenographers for his communication, they could clearly distinguish his words in Korean.


Science & Research
National parks protect a tremendous variety of natural and cultural wonders that provide countless opportunities for scientific research. Observing, studying, and monitoring the arches at Arches—or, at other parks, the features for which they were established—is only part of the picture. Since many parks prohibit activities that occur elsewhere on public and private lands (such as mining, grazing, and off-road vehicle use), they can serve as "control" areas to which scientists can compare the effects of these activities elsewhere. National parks in the American West often serve as the best model for what an undisturbed landscape should look like.
In addition to natural history, the human history of Arches spans millennia. Park staff monitor cultural sites and maintain archives and collections to tell the story of human interaction with the Arches landscape.
Science and research in Arches also aids park managers. Much like a physician monitors a patient's heartbeat and blood pressure for diagnostic purposes, National Park Service officials need accurate information about the resources in their care. Specifically, they need to know how and why natural systems and cultural and historic landscapes change over time, and what amount of change is normal, in order to make sound management decisions.
The Inventory & Monitoring program consists of scientists who monitor the "vital signs" of Arches' ecosystems. Other field work is conducted by park staff, graduate students, or independent researchers. You can learn about recent park research in the article list below.
For more information or to apply for a research permit, visit the NPS online Research Permit and Reporting System.


I was reading the News and confused about this sentence : One knows not whether to laugh or cry
Reading Justice Mahesh Chandra Sharma’s recent judgment, one knows not whether to laugh or cry. It is certainly a first in judicial history.
Is this sentence correct or not? If yes, what is the rule applied here?
I mean it should be : No one knows or One does not know.


Scotland and the Flemish People
The Flemings are among the most important if under-appreciated immigrant groups to have shaped the history of medieval and early modern Scotland. Originating in Flanders, Northern Europeâ€™s economic powerhouse (now roughly Belgium and the Netherlands), they came to Scotland as soldiers and settlers, traders and tradesmen, diplomats and dynasts, over a period of several centuries following the Norman Conquest of England in the eleventh century.
Several of Scotlandâ€™s major families â€“ Flemings, Murrays, Sutherlands and Douglases â€“ claim elite Flemish roots, while many other families with less august lineages arrived as craftsmen, mercenaries and religiously persecuted Ã©migrÃ©s. Adaptable and creative people, Flemish immigrants not only adjusted to Scotlandâ€™s very different environment, but left their profound mark on the countryâ€™s economic, social and cultural development. From pantiles to golf, from place names to town planning, the evidence of Flemish influence is still readily traceable in Scotland today. This book examines the nature of Flemish settlement in Scotland, the development of economic, diplomatic and cultural links between Scotland and Flanders, and the lasting impact of the Flemish people on Scottish society and culture.


For most parents who have teenagers, keeping track of their online activity and making sure that they are safe when using the internet is something of great importance. But, in many ways, creating a safer, kinder online world for teenagers – one where the worrying trend of online bullying is lessoned – comes from the parents themselves.
As this Huffington Post article pointedly communicates, it starts with the little things. Teens learn to be kinder and more caring to others by seeing the same behavior in their parents. When it comes to online activity, parents can demonstrate the right habits to their teens. For example, parents can lead by example by limiting the amount of negative posts they add to their Facebook page. If a teen sees their parent ranting about a bad day on Facebook or commenting on a date gone wrong, their child will certainly pick up on it. Over-sharing is a trap that many teens fall into these days, and it’s something that parents are oftentimes just as guilty of.
Read more about how parents can set good online examples for their children in this highly informative Huffington Post article.


Currency Identifier. The trigraph representing a Currency
- The first (left-most) two characters of the currency identifier provide a code unique to the currency authority to which it is assigned. Wherever practicable, it is derived from the geographical location of the currency authority, as described in ISO 3166.
- The third (right-most) character of the identifier (alphabetic code) is an indicator, preferably mnemonic, derived from the name of the major currency unit or fund.
- Where the currency is not associated with a single geographical entity as described in ISO 3166-1, a specially allocated identifier (alpha-2 code) will be used to describe the currency authority. This code will be allocated by the Maintenance Agency from within the user-assigned range of codes XA to XZ specified in 8.1.3 of ISO 3166-1:1997. * The character following X will be a mnemonic, where possible, derived from the name of the geographical area concerned.
This entry annotates a FIBO Ontology Class. FIBO is a trademark and the FIBO Ontology is copyright of the EDM Council, released under the MIT Open Source License. There is no guarantee that the content of this page will remain aligned with, or correctly interprets, the concepts covered by the FIBO ontology.


“A Safe Systems approach to road safety would mean that, as an ethical imperative, no human should be killed or seriously injured as a result of a road crash, as the blame lies partly with the system. People make mistakes – they don’t deserve to be killed because of a mistake. Once this imperative is accepted we will no longer blame the driver but will look to change the system.”
In a sustainably safe road traffic environment the infrastructural layout considerably reduces the risk of crashes.
“In case crashes do still occur, the process that determines the crash severity is conditioned in such a way that serious injury is virtually excluded. Protagoras’ assertion that ‘man is the measure of all things’ is used as the point of departure. Nearly all crashes have their origin in human error. Hence, the purpose is clear:
(1) to reduce the number of errors that are committed by providing clear traffic rules and road design and at the same time; and
(2) to construct infrastructure and vehicles in such a ‘forgiving’ way that errors do no longer have fatal consequences.”
“For every €1 spent on road safety you get €3-4 back in benefits and measurable sustainability,” he argues. “Road safety innovations are good value for money as they have many social benefits.
“Human factors are the primary focus: by starting from the demands, competencies, limitations and vulnerabilities of people, the traffic system can be realistically adapted to achieve maximum safety.”


In the first stage of intestinal metaplasia, the patient's damaged esophageal lining begins to grow the type of cells that line the intestinal wall rather than the normal squamous cells of the esophagus, explains Johns Hopkins Pathology. Over time, these cells replace the normal cells, resulting in a condition called Barrett's esophagus. Doctors characterize the next two stages as low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia, and consider these stages precancerous. These cells have an highly increased risk of becoming invasive carcinoma.Continue Reading
Doctors believe the process of intestinal metaplasia begins in response to gastroesophageal reflux, states Johns Hopkins Pathology. The regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus causes damage to its lining, which may lead to the growth of the wrong type of cells as the body attempts to repair the damage. These cells are less sensitive than the normal esophageal cells, so when patients reach this stage, they often feel relief from their symptoms. However, at this stage the patient's risk of esophageal cancer increases 30- to 125-fold over the general population.
By keeping patients with Barrett's esophagus under close medical monitoring, doctors are able to detect the appearance of cancerous cells before they have a chance to spread, says Johns Hopkins Pathology. Biopsies of the esophagus at the precancerous stages reveal genetic abnormalities that doctors recognize and can monitor.Learn more about Gastrointestinal Issues


Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
The male gentitalia are the male sex organs. They include:
The Latin term genitalia, sometimes anglicized as genitals and genital area, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs, known as primary genitalia or external genitalia: in males the penis.
The other, hidden sex organs are referred to as the secondary genitalia or internal genitalia. The most important of these are the gonads, a pair of sex organs, specifically the testes in the male . Gonads are the true sex organs, generating reproductive gametes containing inheritable DNA. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.


How does change in peaches 214 - 233
Answers 1Add Yours
Esperanza responds to challenges differently at the end of the story than she did in the beginning because she now has other peasants around her and teaching her how to do these chores and responsibilities. In more of the beginning of the story she was rich and had servants to do everything for her, but not Esperanza will take matters into her own hands.
Esperanza Rising Book


A little Something About Diabetes
Diabetes is a health condition that affects the ability of your body to deal with your blood sugar. Your blood sugar comes from the food you eat. To break this sugar into energy, your body needs a hormone called “insulin”. Insulin is a chemical your body produces that helps you break sugar down into energy.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is a combination of two words: homeo means “similar” and stasis means “stable”. In other words, homeostasis is the ability for something to remain stable. Here is an example for you to understand better.
Take your body for example. When you feel hot, you start to sweat. Your sweat is basically a way your body uses to cool you down. This way, your body does not allow your temperature to rise even in summers. In other words, your body maintains a balance or homeostasis.
Why Does Diabetes Affects Homeostasis?
Your temperature is just one example of how the system tries to maintain a balance of every process in your body. There is so much going on inside your body, if it were not for your closely monitored homeostasis, survival wouldn’t be possible. This is how the human body evolved over thousands of years.
But diabetes affects this state of balance in your body. When you have diabetes, it means a lot of extra sugar in your system, which is just there doing nothing. Excess of everything is bad and same is true for excess of sugar.
When something disturbs your bodies homeostasis, you should expect some consequences. It’s like you’re crashing your car into something. When that happens, you should expect some damages to your vehicle. Similarly, the following are some outcomes of excess sugar in your body:
- Extra sugar damages your brain.
- It hurts your heart.
- It makes you pee more.
- You eat more food.
- It damages your kidneys.
- Excess sugar leads to higher blood pressure.
- Your eye sight may worsen.
- You may develop sores on your body parts.
- Your weight may increase.


Structure of English
Provides the grammatical knowledge necessary for a descriptive analysis of the structure of contemporary English, from the level of word class through phrase structure analysis to the description of complex sentence patterns. On completion of the course students should be able to provide a grammatical analysis of English sentential structure.
- Semester 1 - 2015
- Semester 2 - 2015
1. Understand grammatical terminology and levels of grammatical analysis
2. Analyse sentences in terms of word classes, phrase structure, grammatical relations
3. Apply grammatical knowledge to the analysis of English sentential structure.
A descriptive analysis of the structure of contemporary English. Topics covered will be selected from the following:
formal criteria for word class identification
analysis of simple clause structures
finite and non-finite subordinate clauses
coordination and apposition
topicalisation structures such as existential, extraposition, cleft and pseudo-cleft
LING1110, LING1100, LING1111 or equivalent knowledge of elementary grammatical terminology.
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 1
Formal Examination: Final Exam
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 2
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 3
Ourimbah and Callaghan
Face to Face On Campus 2 hour(s) per Week for Full Term


The “most nutrient-rich substance in the world”, cockroach milk, is making the rounds again. The study, which was published back in 2016, has gone viral this week and we are here to get to the bottom of the milky details.
Believe it or not, cockroach milk isn’t just a click-bait title to reel you in. According to the study, researchers looked at the milk (well it’s technically not milk but more a nutrient-dense liquid) produced by the Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata). Found in parts of Asia, Australia and Hawaii, the female Pacific beetle cockroach produces a liquid substance that they feed to their developing embryos who eat it in the brood sac.
From that, scientists analyzed the liquid and discovered that the milk is dense with nutrients, more so than three times the amount of cow’s milk. Sanchari Banerjee, one of the many authors of the study and a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Bengaluru, India, shares that “the proteins are made up of all the 20 amino acids, while the lipids contain essential fats.”
Sounds like the perfect healthy and nutritious dairy alternative, right? As non-dairy milk goes, the health benefits of this insect milk go well beyond anything you can get in stores currently. But don’t start imagining cockroach ice cream in your local grocery store. According to research the milk crystals have not been tested for human consumption although one main researcher tried tasting it and stated the liquid tasted like practically nothing.
The act of farming this superfood trend is troublesome though. You would need 1,000 dead cockroaches to produce 3.5 ounces of the milk alternative. Some researchers are saying that a pill-version of the milk crystals are a more viable option. The pills would only require 100 dead roaches per pill.
However you look at it, this non-dairy alternative isn’t going to show up in stores anytime soon.


Many amazing men have walked the earth having had a profound impact on the world with their lives. Men like Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr.. Their deaths were monumental and the cause of grief to many.
Former South African President Nelson Mandela died Thursday at the age of 95.
Mandela was instrumental in bringing about the end of Apartheid (racial segregation) and ushering in an era of ethnic equality in South African politics. His efforts earned him the Nobel Peace Prize.
Addressing his passing, United States President Barack Obama spoke to the press from the White House.
He achieved more than could be expected of any man. Today he’s gone home, and we’ve lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this earth.”


6th Grade: No social studies homework today.
Pretend you are a newspaper reporter investigating life on an American reservation. You will be the author of a one-page article on the struggles of everyday life for Native Americans. Base your report on information gathered from Internet websites that reveal the rigors of contemporary life for Native Americans who remain on reservations. Make sure to list all the sources that you use for your article. Due: Tuesday, Oct. 20.


Aviation environmental issues
One of the features of air travel is that while many of the benefits are spread across society as a whole, many of the adverse impacts are distributed unevenly. People living near airports have to live with the immediate effects of aircraft noise, air quality problems and increased congestion on local roads. Urbanisation sometimes associated with airport development can also have adverse impacts on landscape and habitats. Information in this section highlights the actions that can be taken to alleviate and control these adverse effects.
Aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
The Department for Transport and Department of Energy and Climate Change are jointly leading work to transpose the EU Directive to include aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) into UK legislation. All flights departing from and arriving at EU airports will be included in the EU ETS from 2012, and to comply with the Directive aircraft operators will be required to monitor emissions from 1 January 2010.
19 October 2009: The UK Director General of Civil Aviation has written an open letter to the 891 aircraft operators regulated by the UK, highlighting the important deadlines that operators should be aware of, and explaining how to comply.
Details of arrangements for regulating the aviation sector in the UK under the EU ETS can be found on the DECC website.
- Facilitating Regulation by the UK under the Aviation EU Emissions Trading Sysytem (EU ETS), 16 March 2011
- UK Aviation: Carbon Reduction Futures
- Aviation Environment Programme Board
- Aviation Emissions Cost Assessment 2008
- Noise exposure contours
- The Civil Aviation Authority (Air Navigation) Directions, 23 December 2005, last updated 30 January 2006
- Guidance to the Civil Aviation Authority on environmental objectives, 16 March 2005, last updated 23 December 2005


"In the science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon, Jules Verne used nothing more than his imagination to describe in prescient detail, space travel and a landing on the moon. In War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells, this story about a Martian invasion of Earth served as inspiration for the father of modern rocket propulsion, Robert Goddard. In the science fiction television series Star Trek, producer Gene Roddenberry imagined an impressive array of futuristic mechanical contraptions including laser beams, motion sensors, and medical imaging devices. In a now famous comic strip published in 1946, cartoonist Chester Gould imagined the existence of a 2-Way radio, and now we have cell phones. Nearly all of these amazing events and devices have come into existence not just because they were the end product of engineering plans, but more importantly because someone dared to imagine, well in advance of the available science used to create them, that they could exist."


The threat of disease is rising in Pakistan as the country continues to recover from the most destructive flooding in its history.
More than 20 million people are homeless and 1,500 have died from the floods brought on by this year's monsoon season.
The World Health Organization is now concerned of a possible cholera outbreak, following reports that someone had fallen victim to the disease in the northwest Swat Valley.
WHO officials want Pakistan to investigate the case since cholera can spread rapidly after flooding and other disasters. The United Nations said Monday that 3.5 million Pakistani children are at risk of deadly, water-born diseases.
"What concerns us the most is water and health. There is a shortage of clean water," he added.
Getting aid to victims is still a problem in the region. The scale of the disaster has overwhelmed authorities, making relief distribution a slow and inadequate process.
Most of the food, water, and supplies being delivered to Pakistan is from other countries and international aid groups -- rather than the Pakistani government.
Monday, hundreds of people blocked a major highway with stones and garbage near the hard-hit Sukkur area in Sindh, complaining of the slow dispersal of aid. They claimed government officials only handed out food when media were present.
"They are throwing packets of food to us like we are dogs," one protestor said. "They are making people fight for these packets."
The U.N. also warned that unless farmers manage to plant their winter crop of wheat in mid-September as normal, there could continue to be food shortages in the region. Much of Pakistan's prime land for planting has been wiped out.


Molluscum contagiosum is a common harmless viral skin infection. It most often affects infants and young children but adults may also be infected. Molluscum contagiosum presents as clusters of small round bumps especially in the warm moist places such as the armpit, groin or behind the knees. They range in size from 1 to 6 mm and may be white, pink or skin colored. They often have a small central pit and the virus is easily spread by skin contact. As they resolve, they may become inflamed, crusted or scabby. There may be few or hundreds of spots on one individual. Molluscum contagiosum may persist for months or occasionally for a couple of years. It frequently induces a rash in the affected areas, which can be dry, pink and itchy. An itchy rash may sometimes appear on distant sites and represents an immune reaction to the virus.
Many dermatologists advise treating molluscum because they can spread to other parts of your body or to other people. They can be treated with a topical blistering medication called canthacur, daily home application of retinoids, topical immune modifier creams, frozen with liquid nitrogen, treated with an electric needle, or scraped off with a sharp instrument. If many lesions are present, multiple treatment sessions may be required every few weeks until growths are gone.


Bristol is associated with the heritage of Long John Silver, one of the principal characters in Treasure Island
Bristol was formed at the end of the last Ice Age when flood waters created the beautiful Avon Gorge; 10km from the sea and through this ravine, first a Saxon and then a Norman settlement grew up on a rocky outcrop at the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon, surrounded by seven hills.
Bristol became a fortified port and town, coming to the fore during Norman times when massive civil engineering projects created a strong castle and stone bridge, and doubled port capacity with the creation of the Frome trench, making it one of the pre-eminent ports in Werstern Europe. The port blossomed for over 700 years and had its heyday exploring and trading with the Americas, spawning explorers, adventurers and great works of literature culminating in Treasure Island.
Network’s members on this territory :


- an abnormal inner ear fluid balance caused by a malabsorption in the endolyphatic sac or blockage in the endolyphatic duct.
- chronic disease caused by an increase in endolymphatic pressure High in males (40-60 years old)
* fluctuating, progressive sensorineural hearing loss
* tinnitus or a roaring sound
* feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear
* episodic, incapaciating vertigo (severe dizziness)
* nausea and vomiting
The endolymph and perilymph (ie, fluids that fill the chambers of the inner ear) are separated by thin membranes that house the neural apparatus of hearing and balance. Fluctuations in pressure stress these nerve-rich membranes, causing hearing disturbance, tinnitus, vertigo, imbalance, and a pressure sensation in the ear. Attacks of hydrops probably are caused by an increase in endolymphatic pressure, which, in turn, causes a break in the membrane that separates the perilymph (potassium-poor extracellular fluid) from the endolymph (potassium-rich intracellular fluid). The resultant chemical mixture bathes the vestibular nerve receptors, leading to a depolarization blockade and transient loss of function. The sudden change in the rate of vestibular nerve firing creates an acute vestibular imbalance (ie, vertigo). The physical distention caused by increased endolymphatic pressure also leads to a mechanical disturbance of the auditory and otolithic organs. Because the utricle and saccule are responsible for linear and translational motion detection (as opposed to angular and rotational acceleration), irritation of these organs may produce nonrotational vestibular symptoms. This physical distention causes mechanical disturbance of the organ of Corti as well. Distortion of the basilar membrane and the inner and outer hair cells may cause hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Since the apex of the cochlea is wound much tighter than the...


St Thomas' visited us to take part in different STEM activities. Each task involved us working in a team and continuing to build our friendships. Children worked in small groups to create a map of the journey from St Thomas' to Whitefield using recyclable materials. Children then directed the beebots around the map. The activity generated much discussion, debating and problem solving. Children had to work as a team to make decisions and then present their map to the rest of the group.
Building Bridges is a project that involves making links with schools in the local area to share our values, culture and religions. Class 9 have linked with St Thomas' in Barrowford.
We met the year 2 children from St Thomas' to join in some team games and sporting activities. We made lots of new friends and had a great day getting to know one another.


Paternal Haplogroup: R1b1b2a1a2
In 2010 my oldest son had his genome DNA tested showing the
Paternal Haplogroup reaches back to Gascony in Southern France and the Basque Region of Spain, as far back as 20,000 BCE, the time of the paintings in the Lascaux and Altamira caves. According to 23andMe.com, “R1b1b2a1a2 is found in the Y chromosome, a sex chromosome found only in males. It is passed from father to son.”
The surprising thing about our genome to me was that I have all my life been fascinated by the ancient cave paintings in Lascaux, have read everything I’ve ever happened upon about them. I can remember in the early ’70s, in a humanities class, viewing and discussing a movie about the caves. For most of my life, to my mind, the human time scale they represent especially served as a reminder of the longevity of humanity on this planet. They naturally became a part of an epic poem I’m writing, The Parliament of Poets, with my writing about Lauscaux nearly two years ago. All the more astonishing to me to discover there’s a marker in my genes going back to the Basque region.
I’ve usually identified most with my English heritage, though I’ve always known of several other strands of genealogy, some back into the early 1700s, German, French, Irish, and Croatian.
Over 20,000 years is so incredible of a time scale that any mention of genealogy becomes absurd. The only rational conclusion is that I’m a human being.


HIV Drugs Delivered Using Electro-Magnetic Particles
Drugs will counteract the brain barrier in the body, and may be the answer to curing fatal diseases.
Researchers at Florida International University have developed a technique using electro-magnetic particles to deliver the anti-HIV drug AZTTP directly to the brain and bypass the barrier that keeps drugs in the blood from flowing directly to the brain without opening a patient’s skull. With current methods, more than 99% of antiretroviral medicines used to treat HIV are deposited in other organs before travelling to the brain. Higher quantities (up to 97% more) will be able to reach HIV-infected cells targeting the virus that sits in the brain that can cause inflammation and neurological damage.
Madhavan Nair and Sakhrat Khizroev from FIU’s Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine have unlocked the potential to also help patients suffering from other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy and even cancer by using the same method. Khizroev who co-designed the project explains, ‘We learned to control electrical forces in the brain using magnetics. We pretty much opened a pathway to the brain.’ This pathway could potentially be groundbreaking as the barrier stopping drugs getting directly to the brain has been one of the greatest impediments in internal medicine.


News: April 2008
Twelve of us traveled to The Gambia in West Africa last month, all members of the Network of Biblical Storytellers. When we first arrived, none of us noticed the sign posted by the entrance of our dorm which read, “Keep your buckets full,” but it didn't take long to catch its significance in a land where it doesn't rain for nine months.
By the time we left a week later, “Keep your buckets full” was not just an essential practice for daily cleansing, but had become a beloved proverb of our spiritual experience in West Africa. In so many ways our buckets were kept more than full; they were overflowing!
It seemed a little strange to go to the land of Kunta Kinte, where griots continue ancient oral traditions, to teach about storytelling. The Bible, however, in The Gambia as in the United States, is part of a high literate culture and has not benefited from the rich oral tradition and storytelling abilities of West African peoples. It was an amazing privilege to witness the spiritual energy that was generated when the power of the biblical stories told intersected with the deep cultural experience of storytelling.
The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa. Here is a map of The Gambia, 20 miles wide and 200 miles long, along the Gambia River.
Grace and peace,


Status: Usually despatched within 24 - 48 hours
Arranger: Taylor, Eric
Series: ABRSM Music Theory in Practice
This product includes pieces featured in grade exams. Click on a grade to view the full syllabus.
|ABRSM Music Theory||1|
Buy Together For: £8.45
"I have recently entered my first theory student for her Grade 1 theory exam, and have used this book as the basis for her lessons. As a new teacher, I was quite nervous about teaching theory and worried that I would not be able to relate the information to my student in a concise and thorough way. However, by using this book, both my student and I found the material simple and straightforward. Eric Taylor explains music theory in a common-sense way, avoiding unnecessary jargon and confusing academic writing. The book covers everything that a student needs to know to succeed at their exam, and most importantly, makes it fun to learn. Used along with the model answers book, Music Theory in Practice gives each candidate an excellent foundation for their musical education."
Rating: 17/04/2012 By: Helen Mason


Associated Cultures: Mohegan, Pequot
In compliance with 20 U.S.C. 80q et seq. (Public Law 101-185), the National Museum of the American Indian Act, and Public Law 104-278 (NMAI Act Amendments of 1996), this report provides an inventory and assessment of a pendant housed in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) claimed by the Mohegan as a culturally affiliated funerary object. The Museum holds no human remains associated with this object.
In 1996, representatives of the Mohegan visited the NMNH to review all archeological collections from Connecticut. Of the objects viewed, the Mohegan representatives identified a stone pendant which they believe to be an unassociated funerary object culturally affiliated with their tribe. In response to a request by the Mohegan Tribe for the return of this object, documentation was initiated in 1998. This report provides documentation of a single catalog number, A017905-, a stone pendant collected from Norwich, Connecticut by Mr. James H. Clark of Newport, Rhode Island. The pendant was donated to the Smithsonian in 1875 as part of Accession 4159.
Based on the preponderance of available evidence,
which includes museum records, archival records, published
accounts, oral historical information, typology, iconography,
the condition of the objects, and expert opinion, it
is found that the stone pendant (A017905-) is an unassociated
funerary object culturally affiliated with the Mohegan.
As the Museum lacks the records to establish that it
has the right of possession to the pendant, it was
recommended that the pendant be offered for return
to the Mohegan Tribe.
The stone pendant was repatriated to the Mohegan Tribe
on May 25, 2006.
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David J Smith (text), Steve Adams (illustrations) iF…: A mind-bending new way of looking at big ideas and numbers, New Frontier Publishing, 1 February 2015, $29.99(hbk), 40pp., ISBN 9781925059267
Originally published by Kids Can Press, this excellent picture book by two Canadian creators is well worth a look. What it attempts to do is to scale down some very large concepts to everyday objects to try to give young readers a sense of the proportions of these things and their component parts.
For example, the planets of our solar system are compared to each other in size by showing them as balls. Mercury is a ping-pong ball, Venus a tennis ball, Earth a baseball, Mars a golf ball, Jupiter a gym fitness ball etc. This particular comparison works extremely well, as does the double-page spread showing the amount of space on Earth taken up by each continent and the oceans and the global food supply described as a loaf of bread. Other comparisons also work well but perhaps the least successful are the pages where the objects are illustrated in a way which is less straightforward and where the eye does not necessarily follow the correct sequence.
The colours used are attractive and appealing, with different colour schemes on every opening. The objects used for comparison are instantly recognisable, although the jumbo pizza is rectangular, not round. The people are all shown stylistically with smiling expressions but most with Caucasian colouring and features.
The book begins with an introduction and ends with notes for parents and teachers, a list of sources used and another of websites. There is no conclusion or index.
Overall this book is engaging and different. While some of the concepts have been commonly used before, such as life on Earth shown as an hour on a watch, others give pause for thought and should result in lots of questions. Recommended. Teacher’s Notes are available on the New Frontier website.
reviewed by Lynne Babbage


Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, one of the most eminent scholars of Islam in the contemporary Muslim world, draws on original Arabic sources to correct misconceptions about Islam’s early history and to establish that the revolution brought about by the Prophet was entirely bloodless. In fact, the Prophet Muhammad formulated an ideal ideology of peace which he faithfully and rigorously put into practice. In his time, there were some minor skirmishes, but no full-fledged wars.
The Prophet of Peace deals with the significant issues associated with the life of the Prophet, including jihad, itjihaad, the concept of war and the relationship with other religious communities. Quoting extensively from the Quran and the Hadith, Maulana Wahiduddin Khan illuminates the Islamic view of modernity, secularism, democracy, freedom of speech and the relevance of Islam in the modern age, clarifying that Islam as revealed in the Quran is not anti-modernity, nor does it advocate violence.
Persuasive and compelling in its breadth and wisdom, this book presents an authentic picture of the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and is a must for all those who wish to understand Islam and its place in the world today.
Author : Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
ISBN : 9780143068174
Publisher : Penguin Books
Page : 226
Binding : Paperback


"A house means a family house, a place specially meant for putting children and men in so as to restrict their waywardness and distract them from the longing for adventure and escape they've had since time began."
In this exhibition 48 respected Chicago architects presented 77 projects that explored the various notions, values and forms of "home" at the end of the 20th Century. Chicago has a long, storied history of involvement with architectural innovation from the 1890s onward. It is within this context and legacy that these architects are working to refine and innovate forms of housing today. The exhibition included documentation and models of works in progress, finished buildings and theoretical investigations. The catalogue includes photographs and drawings of these projects, and short descriptive statements by each of the architects or architectural teams in the exhibit. It also features an essay by Contributing Editor of Metropolis, Akiko Busch, investigating the contemporary family unit and how it maneuvers change in living space.
This catalogue was published with the support of the Graham Foundation.
1995, 125 pp., 121 b/w illus., paperback


Evaluation of Sustainable Climate Controls Installed in Historic Buildings
A series of environmental monitoring tasks were conducted in Vermont in three of the Shelburne Museum's buildings: Prentis House (an 18th-century two-story timber residence), Horseshoe Barn (a large, horseshoe-shaped two-story barn), and Stagecoach Inn (an 18th-century Georgian-style town hall building).
Different climate improvement strategies were employed in each of these structures. The first system consisted of humidistat- and thermostat-controlled low-level wintertime heating and summertime ventilation (Prentis House). The second system was a ventilation treatment of an entire structure controlled by both a thermostat and humidistat (Horseshoe Barn). The third system utilized centrally-controlled air conditioning with humidification based on an adjustable set point, depending on the season, to reduce the hygrometric stress on both the building and objects (Stagecoach Inn).
Climatic data was collected over a five-year period that included years before and after the implementation of the three systems. Temperature and relative humidity both inside and outside the targeted buildings was statistically analyzed for the evaluation of the environmental improvements.
The interior environments of Prentis House and Stagecoach Inn showed measurable improvement from prior conditions. Improvements were not measurable in the climate of Horseshoe Barn, due to the large natural ventilation rate of the structure. This result indicated that climate improvement systems are most effective in buildings that have a limited rate of air infiltration.
- Evaluation based on the environmental monitoring data collected in the buildings before and after the installation of the improvements;
- Presentation of results at an annual meeting of the Association of Preservation Technology (APT) in Banff, Canada, in October 1999.
- A technical publication based on the above work.


A rollup is a technique used by investors where multiple small companies in the same market are acquired and merged. The principal aim of a rollup is to reduce costs through economies of scale. Rollups also have the effect of increasing the valuation multiples the business can command as it acquires greater scale. Rollups may also have the effect of rationalizing competition in crowded and fragmented markets, where there are often many small participants but room for only a few to succeed.
An investor faced with an opportunity to invest in two competing companies may reduce risk by simply investing in both and merging them. Rollups are often part of the shakeout and consolidation process during an economic downturn or as new market sectors begin to mature.
Rollups of complementary or unrelated companies are also done to:
• Build a full-capability company, when it would be too costly or time consuming to develop the missing pieces through internal expansion.
• Blending companies have different financial metrics, often to make the combined company attractive for investment, mergers and acquisitions, or an initial public offering.
Read More: The Challenges and Opportunities


Leadership according to me is a developmental pattern by which a person influences others to achieve an objective and directs the organization or a group in a way that makes it more logical and organized. If you have the desire and will power, you can become an effective leader. While keeping in mind the goals, a good leader can break it down into convenient processes and make progress towards it. Good leaders constantly work and study to improve their leadership skills rather than resting on their success. A good leader is capable of motivating and inspiring the people around him to voluntarily & spontaneously commit towards accomplishing a certain goal.
An efficient leader is an influential person who is followed by the others and who has got lot of power to move his team and followers. He can influence a group of individuals or a team to achieve a common goal. Leaders get things effectively by applying their leadership quality and through their experiential process leadership. A true leader will surely possess certain traits that can influence the actions of a whole team. Though hard to believe, it is a fact that leaders are made, not born. A good leader develops through a sequence of self improving processes beginning with self actualization, followed by education, training and experience which are acquired through continuous work and learning.
In order to set goals and direct a group, a leader should appear and present him with poise so that he instills confidence in others and brings out the confidence and trust and also the best efforts of the team to complete their work well. It is easy to get carried away with the power of a position or status, but a true and efficient leader uses his power rightly and efficiently for the betterment and welfare of his fellow beings rather than for personal progress and advancement.


The chemist Lavoisier actually tried to weigh heat; he found it was weightless.
In 1789, Lavoisier showed that the total mass during the course of a chemical reaction is unchanged. Rather the atoms simply “reorganize” themselves, kind of like the reshuffling of deck or cards.
In 1789, Lavoisier published An Elementary Treatise on Chemistry where he describes 33 elements. The list begins with caloric and continues with light, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen.
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) imagined heat to be a fluid composed of particles, deemed by Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) as “caloric”.


A Thermal Response Test (TRT) involves applying a finite amount of heat energy into a closed loop borehole over a certain period of time (up to several days), while monitoring the rate at which heat dissipates into the surrounding ground. Appropriate analysis of the test data allows accurate values of ground thermal properties.
Why TRT is important for geothermal collector design?
The objective of TRTs is to determine site specific thermal properties of the ground around a closed loop borehole. Results of the tests allow a cost effective collector to be
developed by reducing the capital expenditure and optimising the number of boreholes to be completed, preventing long term operational problems, maximising design performance and reducing the overall operation costs of the system whilst meeting the required energy demands.
At what point in the project is the TRT test carried out?
A TRT test is carried out in the early phases of a ground source heat pump project installation of the ground source collector. Upon completion of a test borehole where a closed loop collector pipe has been placed. The TRT equipment is then used to carry out the TRT test.
What equipment is used?
Thermal response tests involve portable testing equipment typically in a small trailer which includes:
- A 3kW heater unit
- Water circulation pump
- Buffer vessel
- Flow and return pipe temperature sensors
- Data transmission module
- GeoServ’s TRT testing services are limited to undertaking the TRT test and do not include any borehole construction at any stage.
- Thermal Response Test results are supplied to the client as a factual report and no advice on collector construction details are provided unless agreed with the client in writing.
- TRT services supplied by GeoServ do not engage in the construction or completion of any ground source heat pump collectors unless agreed with the client in writing.


U.S. shale production has grown…
A shallow water discovery off…
Prices of wind power have been constantly decreasing of late, and now electricity from wind is almost as cheap as that from conventional fossil fuel power stations. It does however still suffer from the same problem of inconsistency. The wind just won’t play by the rules and blow 24 hours a day at a constant speed.
Turbines are designed to perform at an optimum wind speed. They then have complex control systems that can alter the magnetic torque of the turbine and tilt the angle of the blades in order to improve efficiency in low winds, or protect the turbine from damage during high winds. The systems tend to be complex and expensive, but a group of Chinese researchers have invented a new, cheap approach which could help bring the cost of wind turbines down even further, whilst actually increasing their efficiency.
The new system is based upon the human memory. Not in an AI sort of way, but by enabling the control system to memorise previous conditions and changes, so that they understand the optimum settings for each change in wind.
This new approach allows the control system to learn from old changes and adapt to new ones. It remembers old changes that were made in certain wind conditions, so that when those wind conditions are experienced again, it knows the most efficient settings for the turbine. In simulations the new system initially showed poor results, however with time it quickly learnt from its mistakes, improved its settings, and then matched traditional, expensive systems.
The researchers stated that, “the human-memory-based method holds great promise for enhancing the efficiency of wind power conversion.”
By. Joao Piexe of Oilprice.com
Joao is a writer for Oilprice.com


Hosta – Care After Hail
Q: Most of my hostas were beaten down by the hailstorm two weeks ago. Afterwards, I wasn’t sure what to do. Should I cut them back or just leave them alone?
A: My hosta, banana and lamb’s ear plants were shredded by the cascading balls of ice. Plant leaves can be damaged by many things, not just hail. No matter what the cause of leaf damage, use scissors to cut off at the base any leaf stem that has less than half of a leaf attached to it. If more than half of a leaf is attached, leave it alone until you can see what happens in the next week. If it begins to dry up, remove it.
Due to the possibility of spreading disease, disinfect your pruners with alcohol between each cut.
I feel certain that new leaves will sprout from your hosta plant crowns. My banana, which last week looked more like a droopy, ribbon-bedecked palm than a broadleafed plant, is already producing new leaves.


Long awaited dust study released for Hunter coal trains
A study into dust emissions from train movements in the Hunter Valley has found little difference between the dust being produced by coal trains compared to other trains.
The study, commissioned by the Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC), measured particle concentrations to determine whether loaded coal trains are a larger source of emissions than other trains.
The study was carried out in February and March this year in two locations at Mayfield and Metford.
Environment Protection Authority Chairman Barry Buffier says the study shows the dust levels are below the national standard.
"The study has shown there is no appreciable difference between coal trains and freight trains with some slight variations with passenger trains," he said.
"The dust levels that are created, because there certainly is dust created by trains, are below national standards, so below what we call the NEPM levels."
ARTC Chief Executive Officer John Fullerton says the results should re-assure anyone with concerns.
"As everybody knows the volume of coal is going up and trains are increasing and so the community does have concerns about what the impact of that is," he said.
"I think this monitoring is just part of trying to reassure people that it's being checked and monitored and the information is analysed."


Accurate images of teeth are essential for the detection of tooth decay, gum disease, infection and many other dental diseases. Most of these problems are difficult or even impossible to detect without an x-ray. An x-ray should be taken when advised by Dr. Kesler.
How do x-rays work?
X-rays pass through the area to be evaluated, and a film or sensor on the other side of the tissue picks up the resulting pattern. This allows Dr. Kesler to look at areas not visible to the human eye.
Are there any risks?
Dental x-rays produce very low radiation exposure. With x-ray film becoming more sensitive and the machines constantly improving with technology, the low overall exposure time continues to decrease. Dental x-rays represent a far smaller risk than letting undetected dental problems occur.


An anonymous reader writes "One moment you're conscious, the next you're not. For the first time, researchers have switched off consciousness by electrically stimulating a single brain area. Although only tested in one person, the discovery suggests that a single area – the claustrum – might be integral to combining disparate brain activity into a seamless package of thoughts, sensations and emotions. It takes us a step closer to answering a problem that has confounded scientists and philosophers for millennia – namely how our conscious awareness arises. When the team zapped the area with high frequency electrical impulses, the woman lost consciousness. She stopped reading and stared blankly into space, she didn't respond to auditory or visual commands and her breathing slowed. As soon as the stimulation stopped, she immediately regained consciousness with no memory of the event. The same thing happened every time the area was stimulated during two days of experiments.


Northern prawn, northern shrimp
Western Greenland cold water prawn; deep-sea prawn; Deepwater prawn; Pink shrimp
According with the latest research there are seven genetically distinct populations of P. borealis in the North Atlantic. The population from northwest Greenland was found to be genetically similar to other western populations (Jorde et al. 2015).
This fishery was certified by the Marine Stewardship Council system in February 2013. Click here to link to the MSC fishery page and to learn more about the MSC fishery certification unit.


English vocabulary and translations (See all our English vocabulary translation)
Want to improve your English? Try our online English lessons for free.
(No to) violence!: (No to) brutality, fighting!
- "No one was hurt during the revolution but the country did record its first ever act of violence when the former President's bodyguard was slightly pushed."
- "Brian : I didn't know he was capable of such violence."
- "Horatio : I love violence!"
- "(Violence medley)"
- "There is no need for violence."
- "- a country without violence!"
- "We mustn't resort to violence."
- "Hey, what happened to non-violence!"
- "It's time to say goodbye to your lame regime of peace, non-violence and general contentment."
- "Let's move on to our real top story: In Lomé, Togo today, the Togolese defense minister was shot while delivering a speech on gun control at the annual summit on non-violence."
Still having difficulties with 'Violence'? Want to improve your English? Try our online English lessons and receive a free level assessment.
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The female athlete triad: special considerations for adolescent female athletes
The number of adolescent girls participating in sports has dramatically increased throughout the last few decades. In the early 1990’s, an association between amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and disordered eating was recognized and eventually labeled the ‘Female Athlete Triad’. In 1997, the Task Force on Women’s Issues of American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) published a position statement on this triad of conditions that were becoming increasingly more prevalent amongst female athletes. Initially, the ‘Female Athlete Triad’ was characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. However, as the number of adolescent female athletes has continued to grow, there has been further research and investigation into this field and the triad has evolved in definition. It is essential for all health care practitioners and other professionals who care for adolescent athletes to be attentive to the clinical signs, detection, evaluation, and management of the female athlete triad, as the sequelae can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of a young person both in the short and long-term.


These days, it seems like all the different fruits and veggies we buy have some seemingly meaningless stickers on them. We tend to ignore them, but as it turns out, these can reveal quite a lot of information about the product you didn’t know you should know!
For example, the PLU (price lookup number) code on fruits can reveal information about the way fruit is grown. Here is a full list of all the possible codes and what they mean:
1. 5-digit code beginning with the number 9
If you get this code on your produce, it means it’s grown according to USDA organic standards, meaning it’s essentially organically grown and it’s completely fine to eat.
2. 4-digit code beginning with the number 3 or 4
If this code appears, then it, unfortunately, means that the product has been loaded with pesticides and that the specific produce was also conventionally grown.
3. 5-digit code beginning with the number 3
This usually means that the fruit/veggie was electronically pasteurized. How do you electronically pasteurize something? That’s what I want to know.
4. 5-digit code beginning with the number 8
This usually means that the produce has been genetically modified. The unfortunate thing is, no one can grow organic fruits and vegetables if they use genetically modified seeds.
5. The code begins with the number 6
This means that the produce has been pre-cut.
6. No code
If there is no sticker with a code of any kind on what you’re about to buy, it can be suspicious. As long as you know who and where you’re buying your produce from, you shouldn’t worry.
So, the next time you’re about to buy some fresh produce, use some of this information and read the stickers. That way you’ll find out if the fresh produce really is fresh or not.
Have you spotted these stickers on produce before? Let us know in the comments!


Featured Concerns for Midland County
Concerns for Midland County
Do you know about toxic PFAS foam on lakes and rivers?
This summer, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services recommends that Michiganders avoid foam on Michigan lakes, rivers, streams, and beaches. Foam can contain harmful chemicals, including high levels of PFAS. Natural foam is usually off-white or brown in color with an earthy or fishy scent, and collects in bays or dams. But foam that contains PFAS is typically a bright white col…
How does PFAS affect our drinking water?
Some drinking water wells may have PFAS in amounts that are high enough to cause concern for human health. About 75% of Michiganders get water from a public water supply. The rest of the state gets their water from private wells. Both can become contaminated by PFAS, so it is important to stay informer about drinking water in Midland County. There are strict drinking water standards that put a…
How does the presence of PFAS affect children?
There are many unknowns about the impacts of PFAS, but recent studies suggest that children are even more negatively affected by PFAS contamination than adults. In Midland County, 5.4% of the population are children under the age of 5 that could potentially be exposed to PFAS every day. With contamination sites near Midland County, this presents potential for exposure to children. Kids enco…
Toxic PFAS can have incredibly harmful affects on your health.
The full impacts of PFAS exposure and contamination are still being studied, and will be for years to come. These invisible chemicals are a problem for humans of any age and for all living creatures. This is because PFAS collects in our bodies over time and can take years to leave. Because we are often exposed to different types of PFAS, they continuously add up in our bodies and in our bloodst…


…. At a time when national political news is inescapable, there is less local news to be found – and less interest in local politics from Americans.
This shift in media may have a direct effect on how people vote. Local newspapers help protect American democracy by giving people the information they need to hold local government accountable. They also provide an alternative to national news that is often focused on partisan conflict.
As political scientists and communications scholars who study the media’s influence on voters, we wanted to know whether these changes in the news industry had political effects. ….


A new process for the separation of niobium pentachloride from iron chloride was studied from the standpoint of the recovery of niobium from its iron-containing ore and from scraps. In this process, the niobium pentachloride is transported from the iron chloride in the presence of sodium chloride forming sodium hexachloroniobate. The separation experiments were conducted using double cells with two compartments. In the case of the NbCl3-FeCl3 system, FeCl3 tended to remain in the compartment in which the mixed chloride was placed, while NbCl5 was transported to another compartment forming NaNbCl6 stable complex. The transport efficiency and and chloride purity obtained were investigated under several conditions. The best separation was achieved when the molar ratio of NaCl to mixed chloride and reaction time were 6 and 3 days, respectively. The transport efficiency of NbCl5 increased with increasing temperature and became stable over 300 °C. The chloride purity obtained decreased, corresponding to the increasing transport efficiency of FeCl3 over 200C. A very high separation effect was observed when sodium chloride was used compared to the separation result without sodium chloride. Selective reduction of FeCl3 in the NbCl5-FeCl3 mixture by iron and ferroniobium metal was shown to be effective resulting in the recovery of very pure NbCl5 (Fe:2 ppm) with 99.9% transport efficiency. Aluminium in the NbCl5-FeCl3 mixture obtained from the chlorination of ferroniobium showed similar transport behavior to that of the AlCl3-FeCl3 mixture.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Mechanics of Materials
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry


Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in America, with all its attendant risks for heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure and more. Previous research has shown that the spice, cinnamon, can help reduce blood sugar, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes—all benefits that can help reduce the health risks of this disease. But how does it work? Swedish researchers found that it seems to slow the rate at which food leaves the stomach.
In their study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, they found that people who ate rice pudding had significantly delayed stomach emptying when the rice pudding contained 6 grams of cinnamon. They also had significantly lower blood sugar response—about 50 percent of that seen without the cinnamon. (Hlebowicz, J, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1552-6.)
Both of these findings are important for people with diabetes. Of course, keeping blood sugar within a normal range reduces the risks for diabetes-related health problems And since stomach fullness is one way the body signals that it’s time to stop eating, delayed stomach emptying may help people eat less. Plus cinnamon has an additional insulin-enhancing effect that helps to control blood sugar.
Adding about a teaspoon a day of cinnamon to your diet may be all it takes to keep blood sugar under control. But that doesn’t mean you should splurge on cinnamon buns and apple pie. Instead, add cinnamon to healthier fare, like fruit, cereal, toast, teas, coffee, yogurt, low-fat ice cream and cottage cheese, sweet potatoes and lamb.
NOTE: If you have liver disease or use drugs that might cause liver damage, such as cholesterol-lowering statin drugs, you should avoid large doses of cinnamon, because it contains coumarin, a compound that can cause reversible liver damage in large amounts. A patented, water-soluble form of cinnamon that does not contain coumarin and is safe for people with liver problems.


Prospective epidemiologic studies have identified several risk factors for heart disease, and most can be the target of risk reduction interventions. The most widely recognized risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) include age, gender, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, elevated LDL, reduced HDL, hypertension, and diabetes. The consistency of associations between these factors and ASCVD risk across populations is substantial.
Our understanding of the pathogenesis and etiology of coronary ASCVD, as well as its clinical implications, has grown tremendously over the past 20 y. The role garlic might play in treating ASCVD has been postulated for many years, but until recently no studies on garlic's ability to inhibit the atherosclerotic process have been reported. A pilot study evaluating coronary artery calcification and the effect of garlic therapy in a group of patients who were also on statin therapy suggested incremental benefits. The implications of this study must be put in context of the potential importance of early atherosclerosis detection and prevention.