It is widely acknowledged that reading to preschool and school-aged kids is beneficial to their language development. However, is reading to infants just as important? The answer is yes! Reading to infants is important to their language and speech development. Not only does reading out loud to your infant benefit her brain development, but it also helps her learn vocabulary and the sounds of a language.
While you read to your infant, she will be taking in the sounds of her native language. Books with
rhyming words or repetitive phrases provide the most effective stimuli for infants to begin to parse out and recognize sounds in the language. As infants are read books, it also provides a perfect opportunity for them to learn vocabulary. As they hear the word “dog” and see a picture of a dog, they will begin to connect the picture and the word together. The more exposure infants have to books and pictures, the faster they will acquire vocabulary and make those connections. Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? by Bill Martin Jr. is a perfect book to read to infants as it includes repetitive phrases, bright colors and basic vocabulary.
Books for infants should also have certain physical characteristics. Books should be manipulative for the infant. Sturdy, cardboard books are great for babies to grab, turn and flip through. Bright colors and big pictures will also help the infant focus on the book and grab his or her attention. Reading with slow, exaggerated speech will also help infants easily parse the auditory stimuli, as well as keep infants entertained.
Other must-have books for reading to your infants include Goodnight Moon, The Hungry Caterpillar, 100 First Words and Baby Touch and Feel board books.
NSPT offers services in Bucktown, Evanston, Highland Park, Lincolnwood, Glenview and Des Plaines. If you have questions or concerns about your child, we would love to help! Give us a call at (877) 486-4140 and speak to one of our Family Child Advocates today!


We examined museum specimens to quantify diet, reproductive cycles and sexual dimorphism in body size of the colubrid snake Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia. Females attain sexual maturity at approximately 300 mm snout-vent length (SVL) and males at approximately 240 mm SVL. Females grow larger than males (maximum SVLs of 830 vs 700 mm SVL), and also have longer and wider heads and wider bodies than do males of the same body length. Males have relatively longer tails than females, but eye size relative to head length shows no sexual dimorphism. Both sexes breed each year. Females commence vitellogenesis in late winter (September) and oviposit from October to January. Clutch size ranged from four to 12 eggs with a mean of 7.58 and was highly correlated with female SVL. The testes of adult males are turgid throughout the year, suggesting a prolonged mating season. Of 73 prey items recorded, 97% were anurans. Six anuran families were represented among the prey items, but bufonids (39%), ranids (29%) and microhylids (25%) comprised most of the 51 anuran food items identified to genus. Larger snakes ate larger prey items, in terms of SVL as well as mass. However, the snake's sex and age (adult vs juvenile) did not affect prey type. Bufonids, microhylids and ranids were consumed by snakes of all ages and both sexes, and were eaten all year except during mid-winter (July and August).
|Number of pages||9|
|Journal||Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa|
|Publication status||Published - 2000|
- Dietary habits


The presidential election of 1912 was unusual in that there were four candidates. Theodore Roosevelt, who had supported his successor, William Howard Taft, in 1908, wanted, four years later, to run again himself. Failing to win the nomination of the Republican Party (that went to the incumbent Taft), Roosevelt formed his own party--the Progressive Party, also known as the Bull Moose Party. Woodrow Wilson, of course, was the Democrats' candidate, and, with Eugene Debs running as the candidate of the Socialist Party of America, voters--still all men--had four candidates to choose from.
In 1912, the suffragists were ramping up their battle for the vote, and Wilson was not the best choice as President to help them achieve their goal. Theodore Roosevelt was. In 1912, Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party was the first national political party to have a plank in the party platform supporting woman suffrage. Wilson, as did Taft, opposed federal woman suffrage.
It wasn't that Wilson disliked women. Louis Auchincloss described him as someone who "simply could not live without the love and approval of an attractive and sympathetic woman." When his first wife, Ellen Axson Wilson, died in August 1914, Wilson was devastated. His health deteriorated, he fell into depression and talked of resigning. When he met Edith Bolling Galt, the charming and wealthy widow who would become his second wife, he was smitten. In June 1915--less than a year after Ellen's death--they were secretly engaged. They were married, after little more than the minimum wait required by respectability, in December 1915.
|Woodrow Wilson, daughter Eleanor, and Ellen Axson Wilson|
|Woodrow Wilson and Edith Bolling Galt|


We’ve all been scolded at some point during our childhood for playing with our food, a manners no-no. But for your tiny tot, fun with finger foods can be an important part of development. Finger foods help your little one explore textures and even develop motor skills, but be sure your child is ready. Introduce finger foods safely by following the guidelines below.
When is my baby ready for finger foods?
Most doctors recommend keeping your baby on breast milk and/or formula only until six months. When you do start him or her on solids, choose foods that are mushy and soft, such as pureed vegetables or baby cereal. Finger foods are the second phase of your baby’s solids diet, and most infants are ready for this step by eight or nine months of age.
Your baby is ready for finger foods when he or she:
- Exhibits good head and neck control.
- Can sit without support.
- Has become mobile, and is now rolling and crawling.
- Tries to feed her- or himself.
- Picks things up with the thumb and pointer finger.
What are the best first finger foods?


The native home of the apple is not definitely known, but the tree originated probably in the area between the Caspian and the Black seas. Charred remains of apples have been found in the prehistoric lake dwellings of Switzerland. Evidence shows that man has been enjoying apples for at least 750,000 years. Apples were a favorite fruit of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Today, Americans eat about 120 apples apiece each year. At least 50% of the domestic crop is used in items we use every day such as, applesauce, juice, jellies, and other popular desserts. (Wellness Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition, 1992).


Across the entire Atlantic Basin for the six-month season, which begins June 1, NOAA is predicting the following ranges this year:
- 12 to 18 named storms (winds of 39 mph or higher), of which:
- 6 to 10 could become hurricanes (winds of 74 mph or higher), including:
- 3 to 6 major hurricanes (Category 3, 4 or 5; winds of 111 mph or higher)
“The United States was fortunate last year. Winds steered most of the season’s tropical storms and all hurricanes away from our coastlines,” said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. “However we can’t count on luck to get us through this season. We need to be prepared, especially with this above-normal outlook.”
“In addition to multiple climate factors, seasonal climate models also indicate an above-normal season is likely, and even suggest we could see activity comparable to some of the active seasons since 1995,” said Gerry Bell, Ph.D., lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.
NOAA’s seasonal hurricane outlook does not predict where and when any of these storms may hit. Landfall is dictated by weather patterns in place at the time the storm approaches. For each storm, NOAA’s National Hurricane Center forecasts how these weather patterns affect the storm track, intensity and landfall potential.


The Governors-Generals of India
By Henry Morris – 1894
One lovely summer’s afternoon, as the sun was lighting up the sparkling rivulet that flows through an estate in the west of England, a little boy, about seven years of age, lay dreaming on its grassy bank. His ancestors had owned this beautiful estate ; but, owing to ill-fortune or to poverty, it had slipped from their possession. The idea that he would recover it shed through his childish mind. This was, however, no mere passing dream. The resolve, thus early made, clung to him all through his career, and, in the evening of his life, it became an accomplished fact. He purchased the estate, spent his last years in possession of it, and there his eyes closed in death. The estate was Daylesford in the county of Worcester, and the childish dreamer was Warren Hastings – the first governor general of Bengal.
Click here to download pdf


The Philosophy Department seeks to cultivate a unique virtue in its students and faculty. This intellectual virtue we have called the Philosophical Habit of Mind. It consists, at least, of the following abilities:
- An ability to situate oneself in the Western philosophical tradition of ethical and metaphysical questions and reasoning.
- An ability to account to oneself and to others for the bases of one’s actions.
- An ability to reckon with the consequences of one’s own and other’s practical reasoning in various contexts, both personal and political.
- An ability to raise metaphysical questions in various concrete, lived, literary, and political contexts.
- Distinguish and relate the architectonic questions of metaphysics from and to the specialized questions of the sciences and other disciplines.
- An ability to discern the interconnection between various modes of ethical and political reflection and distinct metaphysical positions.
- An ability to pose to oneself the questions raised by the claims of the Christian faith on one’s own ethical and metaphysical reasoning.
- An ability to read new or contemporary works in the ongoing tradition of dialectical philosophy with all these abilities at one’s disposal.


“CRISPR Cas9” by National Institutes of Health (NIH) is licensed under CC PDM 1.0
One of CRISPR’s inventors has called for controls on gene-editing technology
MIT Technology Review November 15, 2019
Jennifer Doudna says governments need to pay more attention to controlling the revolutionary gene-editing tool.
One year on: Doudna, a University of California biochemist who helped create CRISPR in 2012, wrote an editorial in Science yesterday to note the anniversary of the announcement by Chinese scientist, He Jiankui, that he had created gene-edited twin girls. She says it was a “risky and medically unnecessary” experiment that violated the doctor’s rule to avoid causing harm and ignored calls not to proceed.
A moratorium? Forget about it: So how do we stop this happening again? Since the “CRISPR babies” debacle, scientists have suggested a moratorium. But that’s not going to cut it, says Doudna.
Tinkering and temptation: “The temptation to tinker with the human germ line” is not going to go away, Doudna says. In her editorial, Doudna never clearly says exactly why she is so worried about “CRISPR babies.” But at least part of the answer is the China case showed how gene-editing gives great power to small teams of scientists—and how finger wagging might not be enough to stop them from doing wrong.
To read the full article go to MIT Technology Review


BG Chap 17 - Three types of charity
Charity performed with the conviction that it should be given to a proper recipient such as a brāhmaṇa, who can protect the giver with his knowledge and austerity, without expectation of repayment, at a proper place like a holy place, and at a proper auspicious time is charity in the mode of goodness.
Charity given with expectation of reciprocation, or with desire for results in the next life such as attainment of Svarga, or given reluctantly because of lamentation that one may be put into difficulty later on for spending an amount now, or because one is forced to give by the order of guru, is charity in the mode of passion. That charity in which the person thinks ‘Why is it necessary to give so much money’ or giving inauspicious or useless items is also in passion.
Charity given with disregard for etiquette and with discourtesy, to an undeserving person, at the wrong place and time, is said to be in the mode of ignorance. Such charity is given at an unclean place, at an inauspicious time to undeserving people, and without proper respect using low forms of address.


William H. Hunter
|William H. Hunter|
|Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 14th district
March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839
|Preceded by||William Patterson|
|Succeeded by||George Sweeny|
|Resting place||Cholera Cemetery|
Born in Frankfort, Kentucky, Hunter completed preparatory studies and later studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Tiffin, Ohio. He moved to Norwalk, Ohio, about 1825 and continued the practice of his profession for several years. He subsequently moved to Sandusky, Ohio, and was appointed collector of customs there in 1835.
Hunter died under mysterious circumstances near Sandusky in 1842. He was interred in the Cholera Cemetery.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.


The double rubs technique used in upholstery fabrics is used to knit the fabric with two kinds of yarn in different tones, thus providing a different appearance. Since both sides of the fabric are used separately, for example to create a sense of change, different color upholstery can be obtained at the same time in double rubs fabrics.
Due to both being more durable and very useful, double rubs type fabrics continue to be used as demanded products in daily life as highly demanded fabrics.
What is Double Rubs?
These fabrics, known as double face, are fabrics that have different colors on both sides and can be used separately on both sides. These fabrics are called double layer fabrics.
What are the Features of Double Layer Fabric?
- In double -layered fabrics, different patterns can be obtained on both layers with different knitting processes.
- Both sides of the fabric can consist of different colors.
- This type of fabric, which is possible to use in many different sectors, can be addressed according to the sector by using different yarns.
- These types of fabrics used in the production of top clothing, curtains and upholstery fabrics, blankets, bedspreads; wool, cotton, silk made of the possibility exists.
- Patterns can be given to these fabrics.
What Kind of Fabric Is Double Rubs?
These fabrics, known as double fabric, have a durable structure, can be used on both sides, and can be used in the clothing or upholstery sector without weighing the weight of the fabric. These fabrics, which hold heat, are among the indispensable fabrics of winter clothing in the clothing industry.
The rubs fabric prices you want to buy from our online store may vary due to size, thickness and printing differences. To benefit from its advantages, you can buy canopy awning fabrics that will fully meet your needs from Tepastex online store.
|Outdoor Furniture Fabric|


350 pages, Figs, tabs
This book primarily considers the actions of Europe and other regions in reducing land use related greenhouse gas fluxes, while recognising that the array of economic and political pressures for CAP reform and sustainable land use are fundamentally intertwined.
"With evidence of recent global warming mounting along with the implication of increasing burning of fossil fuels, an international workshop on 'Instruments for Global Warming Mitigation: The Role of Agriculture and Forestry' was held in 1996. One result of the workshop was the assembling of this book with 22 papers contributed by 47 authors together with an extensive bibliography. The papers examine a number of complex issues involved when considering strategies to reduce emissions of methane and carbon dioxide and also increase carbon storage in vegetation and soil. This book, quite technical in places, was written for those interested in the next step: what can we or should we due [sic] to mitigate the effects of further global warming."--Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
"The UN Convention on Climate Change requires countries to reduce their polluting greenhouse-gas emissions from all sources including agriculture, forestry, and land use. Emissions associated w
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Blast off... with Air Duct Tape.
Colourful tape, foam tubes and bike pumps! With Tinker Truck's Rocket Science program you'll get the joy of blending art with science. This program is suitable for all types of audiences from Birthdays to Festivals, and Schools to Summer Camps. Each variation places a different emphasis on the balance between science and experimentation, but everyone will walk away having learned something new.
Adults and kids alike love this program for it's high energy, creative solutions and spectacular results. The number of different designs, and breadth of possible experiments will ensure that every student contributes a unique example to the pool of learning instances.
Discussions about why different designs behave the way they do, and how small changes might affect the results are the core of this program. Having launched over 25,000 rockets since we started in 2015, we're quite confident that Tinker Truck can deliver exactly the rocket program you're after.
Ontario Curriculum Intersections:
This program can be adapted to emphasize or demonstrate learning objectives in the following broad categories:
Science & Engineering
Strength to Weight compromises
Thrust to Weight ratios for altitude
Aerodynamics and Momentum
Effects of wind on temperature trajectory
Discussion of pressure and stored energy
Launch angle vs distance/height
Wing/fin shapes and designs
Fabricating 3D cones from 2D cardboard
Selection of design, colours and patterns
Use of tape, scissors and other materials
Using found objects in creating new work
* $199/group for birthdays (up to 15 kids), $250/class (up to 25 kids). Additional kids can be added to either package. Discounts for multiple groups/day.


Potential causes of jaw pain include grinding teeth, dental problems and temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, disorder, according to Colgate. Grinding the teeth is a leading cause of pain and may occur when the patient feels stress or at night when he sleeps and is unaware of it. Stress reduction exercises or use of a mouth guard when sleeping helps to prevent this type of jaw pain.Continue Reading
While other dental conditions, including cavities, gum disease and abscessed teeth, do not affect the jaw joint directly, the pain they cause sometimes affects it, notes Colgate. Untreated cavities provide pathways for bacteria to enter the pulp of the teeth and cause infections. These infections can spread from the root of the tooth to the bone and begin affecting other tissue, including the jaw.
TMJ is a condition that doctors believe relates to the muscles and parts of the joint, explains WebMD. Accidents that cause whiplash, grinding the teeth, arthritis, movement of the soft tissue in the joint and stress are potential causes of TMJ. The pain is often severe and may be temporary or long-term. If the pain levels do not improve with lifestyle changes, the patient might require dental work or surgery.Learn more about Pain & Symptoms


The last quarter of the 19th century was an era of moral reform for some. Much attention was directed toward temperance and Prohibition activities, but other reformers concentrated on what they regarded as family values. The Mormon Church had long attracted critics, particularly for its support of polygamy, the condition of having more than one spouse at a time. Early in the Civil War, some Northerners equated polygamy with slavery and supported the passage of the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in 1862, not to be confused with the Morrill Act of the same year that created land grant colleges. This anti-bigamy measure was aimed directly at the Mormons in Utah and outlawed bigamy in the territories. With the war well under way and Utah far from federal authority, the law was almost impossible to enforce. A new tack was taken in 1870 when polygamy opponents attempted to subvert the practice by extending suffrage to women in Utah. This was not successful; the women voted and remained in plural marriages. During The Arthur Administration, Senator George F. Edmunds of Vermont took up the cause in Washington. The Edmunds Act of 1882 made "unlawful cohabitation" illegal, thus removing the need to prove that actual marriages had occurred. More than 1,300 men were imprisoned under the terms of this measure. The act did declare to be legitimate births in Mormon polygamous marriages prior to January 1, 1883.


QUOTE: ”Twenty-two young children, maintained on a diet that excluded certain foods, were challenged intermittently with a blend of seven artificial colors in a double-blind trial. Parents’ observations provided the criteria of response. One child that responded mildly to the challenge and one that responded dramatically were detected. The latter, a 34-month-old female, showed a significant increase in aversive behaviors. These results further confirm previous controlled studies.” (emphasis added)
- The children were not diagnosed as hyperkinetic (hyperactive).
- Not all parents restricted the salicylate-containing fruits and vegetables Dr. Weiss had requested that they avoid.
- 35.26 mg of mixed colors were used as the “challenge.” Compare to 150 mg in one Tb green ketchup.
- Lastly, when a challenge does not provoke worse behavior, it does not mean that the diet did not “work” but that the challenge did not “work.” It is surprising how many researchers themselves seem to get this wrong.


Prescribed Burns; Exploding Stars–Mar2
Wonderfest Science Envoys are early-career researchers with special communication skills and aspirations. Following short talks on provocative modern science topics, these two Science Envoys will answer questions with insight and enthusiasm:
- Stanford evironmental scientist Rebecca Miller on "Prescribed Burns in California" — Over the past several years, California has experienced record-breaking wildfire seasons. Recent wildfires have prompted important policy conversations about prescribed burns, fires that are purposefully set to remove ground vegetation and reduce fire risks. What are the challenges that have prevented us from using prescribed burns in California, and how might we wisely expand the use of this valuable fuel treatment?
- UC Berkeley astrophysicist Kishore Patra on "Exploding Stars" — The atoms in everything around us — the oxygen in the air, the carbon in our bodies, the gold in our jewelry — were forged in stellar furnaces. We owe our very existence to stars that died in cataclysmic explosions known as supernovae. What is the cosmic story of our elemental origins? What do we know about supernovae, and how do astronomers study them?
WHAT: Ask a Science Envoy: Prescribed Burns & Exploding Stars
WHO: Rebecca Miller (Stanford) and Kishore Patra (UC Berkeley), Wonderfest Science Envoys
WHERE: ONLINE via Zoom, with this link: [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85443402857]
WHEN: 2021-03-02 — 8pm PST, Tue, March 2 (1 hour)
What value do these science insights have FOR YOU? Accordingly, please use the space below to contribute to nonprofit Wonderfest, and help to promote the scientific outlook broadly — as through the outstanding Science Envoy Program.


Images can convey meaning and emotion. Preserving these characteristics is the primary focus of this guideline.
- Ensure images have the appropriate resolution for their containers. Try to not scale images up beyond their native resolution - the result will be fuzzy or pixelated.
- Don't be afraid of larger image sizes. Images are most effective when they can be seen. Tiny images lose much of their meaning (unless they are specifically crafted for small sizes).
- For example, consider a large contact photo (left) instead of a tiny thumbnail image (right). People recognize faces faster than names.
- Captions can be placed on the image (left) instead of outside of the image (right) allowing the image to be larger and the content to be more immersive.
- Use a semi-transparent background behind the caption text to preserve contrast for legibility.
- Try to preserve the image aspect ratio. If preserving the aspect ratio is a challenge, consider cropping the image to fill the container instead.
This page was last modified on 27 July 2014, at 16:36. Content is available under Creative Commons License SA 4.0
unless otherwise noted.


February 10, 2010 > Cookies - then and now
Cookies - then and now
By Suzanne Ortt
Photos By Doris Nikolaidis
Guess which ingredient was responsible for the evolution of cookies... sugar. Bengal's lowlands and Southeast Asia first used it. Then this sweet stuff reached Persia, the eastern Mediterranean, traveled to northern Europe and around the world.
The Persian Empire, in the 7th century, was famous for fancy cakes in large and small sizes. To test the temperature of ovens, Persian cooks baked a small amount of cake batter. These test cakes evolved into cookies and were called "koekje." Made in individual sizes, they were eaten out of hand.
Cookies now are eaten worldwide and are known by these various names: biscuits (England), galletas (Spain), keks (Germany), biscotti (Italy), and koulouria (Greece). Cookies came to America, thanks to English, Scots, and Dutch immigrants.
Cookie recipes are endless. One healthy tip is to reduce the amount of sugar by 25 to 50 percent, and cakes and cookies will still be tasty. In addition, most recipes can be adapted for diabetics. Just use sugar substitute proportionally to replace the sugar. Try the Creative Cookies recipe given below. Making homemade cookies for Valentine's Day is a special treat.
1/2 cup butter
1/4 cup brown sugar (packed)
1/2 tsp. vanilla
1 c. flour
3/4 cup finely chopped nuts or shredded coconut
Tinted confectioners' sugar frosting and sprinkles
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Mix softened butter, sugar, egg, and vanilla thoroughly. Measure flour. Stir into butter mixture. Add nuts or coconuts. Roll dough into balls (1 tsp. per ball). Place about 1 inch apart on ungreased cookie sheet; make gentle thumb print into center of each ball. Bake 10 - 12 minutes or until set. Cool. Fill thumb prints with tinted frosting. Add a few sprinkles.


The programming languages and frameworks trend for 2016 seems to be heading extra frontend growth over backend development. Golang has potential to implement real time access of voluminous buyer information (also known as the Massive data ) at half the efforts required.
Why “BC” was most popular over the opposite programming languages. PHP 7 is also two times sooner than the earlier version 5.6 – this can have a huge enchancment on CMS techniques like WordPress and Drupal.
Although VBA is a language of its own, it’s in reality derived from the massive Visual Primary computer language developed by Microsoft, which is now the core macro language for all Microsoft purposes.
However, Matlab is a proprietary language utilized in mathematical programming. Programmers get sure other benefits from Language C as well, like with this language they are able to learn and write code for numerous platforms.
Programming had change into too difficult and the selection of languages was partly responsible. Procedural programming lets part of the code for use again with out the necessity to make a number of copies.
VB and C# (as they’re usually known as familiarly) are used as the two most important languages inside Microsoft purposes, and particularly programs resembling So the next time that you visit a website and see that the URL ends , reflect on the fact that on the net server a program written in VB or C# is furiously collating the results to send back to you.
It’s one of many easiest and often the primary programming language aspiring IT professionals study. Matlab language used for mathematical programming was most popular since 1998 and was replaced by FORTRAN.


I am reading a book about Java and it says that you can declare the whole class as
If they do, when do they use it so I can understand it better and know when to use it.
final class is simply a class that can't be extended.
(This does not mean that all references to objects of the class would act as if they were declared as
When it's useful to declare a class as final is covered in the answers of this question:
If Java is object oriented, and you declare a class
final, doesn't it stop the idea of class having the characteristics of objects?
In some sense yes.
By marking a class as final you disable a powerful and flexible feature of the language for that part of the code. Some classes however, should not (and in certain cases can not) be designed to take subclassing into account in a good way. In these cases it makes sense to mark the class as final, even though it limits OOP. (Remember however that a final class can still extend another non-final class.)


By Valerie Ross
You’re squeezed into a middle seat, two rows from the back of the plane. It’s barely two hours into your cross-country flight, though you’d swear it’s been longer. Does it just seem like the minutes of your trip are crawling by — or does time actually pass more slowly for people who are mid-flight than for people on the ground?
Many of us have heard the idea that time doesn’t pass at the same rate for everyone. It’s a common narrative in science fiction, one that has its roots in Einstein’s theory of relativity. The story starts, let’s say, with two twins, one of whom stays on Earth while the other clambers aboard a rocket that’s making a round-trip journey, at a substantial fraction of the speed of light, to a planet in a not-too-distant solar system. When the traveling twin returns to earth, he’s aged more slowly, and now he’s younger than the twin who stayed behind.
This familiar — and paradoxical — plotline comes from a particular tenet of relativity theory known as time dilation. It predicts that a fast-moving clock will tick at a slower rate than a stationary one — or, a man on an interstellar voyage will age more slowly than his twin back on Earth. But time dilation also says that velocity isn’t the only thing that affects the rate at which clocks tick, or people age; gravity does, too. A clock in a stronger gravitational field (the Earth’s surface, let’s say) will have a slower tick rate than a clock subject to weaker gravity (such as a few miles up into the atmosphere).


Parents who reward good behaviour with sweet treats may be increasing their children's chances of future weight problems, new research suggests.
A YouGov poll of nearly 2,150 adults, commissioned by Slimming World, found that those who remembered being given food as a reward during childhood were more likely to be obese at the time of the survey.
Researchers found that 34 per cent of those who had received sugary treats had a body mass index (BMI) in the obese range, compared with just 25 per cent of those who had not been rewarded in that way.
Food rewards during childhood were also associated with a history of dieting and an increased tendency for extreme weight-loss methods.
Researcher Dr James Stubbs commented: 'It's when parents repeatedly use high-calorie foods as a quick way to appease their children when they're upset or to quieten them down when they misbehave that they begin storing up future problems for them.
'In these instances, parents can unwittingly create an association in the minds of their children that leads to them using high-calorie foods as a way to make themselves feel better right into adulthood.'
A recent study by scientists at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard found that giving solid foods to infants before four months of age may be associated with an increased risk of obesity by their third birthday.


Intranasal Flu Vaccine Use in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Assessing the Risks
the MPR take:
Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an increased risk of morbidity and higher case fatality during the influenza pandemic compared to patients with other chronic respiratory diseases or healthy controls. An intranasal quadrivalent, live attenuated influenza vaccine (virus types A and B) (LAIV) is currently approved for ages 2–49 but it is unknown if the greater efficacy of LAIV outweighs the potential for severe adverse events after immunization (AEFI) in children and adolescents with CF. In a new study in the journal Pediatrics, 168 children ages 2–18 with CF received at least one dose of LAIV. No significant differences were seen in the rate of incident respiratory deteriorations or all-cause hospitalizations during the at-risk period (days 0–28) vs. the non-at-risk period (days 29–56). The influenza virus was not detected in any cases of respiratory deterioration in both periods. An increased risk of AEFI, notably wheezing, was identified following LAIV vaccination, but this risk is outweighed by those associated with influenza infection in CF patients. Future research on the use of LAIV in other pediatric populations with non-immunosuppressed chronic conditions should be explored, the authors conclude.
READ FULL ARTICLE From Aappublications


Systemic means "affecting the entire body," rather than a single organ or body part.
For example, systemic disorders such as high blood pressure or systemic diseases such as influenza affect the entire body.
An infection that is in the bloodstream is called a systemic infection. An infection that affects only one body part or organ is called a localized infection.
|Review Date: 2/23/2009|
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997-
A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


Select a Letter to view the associated terms.
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F G H
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||A body of stratified glacial sediment. A mound or an irregular ridge deposited by a subglacial stream as an alluvial fan or a delta.
| Karst topography
||A landscape characterized by sinks, solution valleys, and other features produced by groundwater activity; it commonly develops in limestone.
||A median ridge on a scale.
||a hard, tough, non-soluble protein
| Keratinized scale
||Scales containing keratin, which is a hard, tough, non-soluble protein produced in the epidermis of both reptiles and amphibians (Peters 1964).
||A closed depression in a deposit of glacial drift formed where a block of ice was buried or partly buried and then melted.
||An animal that obtained its food mainly by scavenging the food supplies of another species, especially one with which it habitually lives in close proximity (Morris 1992).


MONTVILLE, NJ – The Montville Environmental Commission is finishing off their Sustainable Living Series with a free documentary screening of “A Plastic Ocean,” on April 7, at 2 p.m. at the Montville Township Public Library.
With all the changes in our town's recycling rules, it seems people have a renewed focus on recycling. However, the truth is that recycling is not a good solution, as plastic is typically only recycled once before it becomes non-recyclable. Therefore, recycling plastic doesn't stop it from ending up in a landfill – it only slows the timeline. Our reliance on plastic and the vast amount of plastic we bring into our homes is the true problem, because that plastic will be around for hundreds of years.
By 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Microplastics have been found in most of the table salt we eat, the water we drink, and in the fish we eat. In an effort to encourage people to reduce their plastic footprint, the environmental commission is showing this movie to raise awareness of the problem. The movie examines the severity of the problem and how the issue will only get worse, since we continue to produce and use more and more plastic each year. For more information on the screening, please go to the Facebook event page here: https://www.facebook.com/events/2437501039705936/
Come early to grab a free sample kit of Dropps plastic-free detergent, a sample pack of WelDental plastic-free toothpaste tablets, as well as a reusable foldable grocery bag. Simple swaps like these are the first step in addressing the issue of plastic pollution. Following the screening, Environmental Commission Member Bansari Shah will outline more easy ways to reduce your plastic footprint and save money at the same time. For more information on the eco-friendly initiatives happening in Montville, join Montville Green Team on Facebook.
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Ice expansion ramparts 2 mi S. of Plover Point on South Arm of Yellowstone Lake were formed by expansive force of lake ice during intense thaws. Width of the Arm (1 1/2 mi) is within limits necessary for ice to maintain competence for shoreward thrusting. Wind-induced ice thrust forces are unlikely here, but were observed May 20, 1960, forming ramparts on windward northern shores of the lake which were exposed to optimum fetch. The South Arm ramparts are sinuous in plan and located both above normal summer strand lines and in drowned positions as much as 60 ft out from them. The latter stand 6 ft above rock-veneered bottoms and formed during winter low-water stage. Simplicity and singularity of the ramparts suggests that conditions for their formation have not often occurred, Following Hobbs, an expectable genetic sequence is: 1) Freezing of lake ice; continued chilling with concomitant formation of tension cracks; widely fluctuating temperatures. 2) Water freezes in cracks increasing potential ice volume; 3) Sudden marked warming is communicated to bare ice expanding it to new and greater volume; ice thrusts onto shore if competent.


The acromioclavicular (AC) joint — along with ligaments — connects your collarbone and shoulder blade.
An injury to to the AC joint is a shoulder separation.
Types of AC joint injuries
The type of shoulder separation depends on how much you tear the AC joint or coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments that hold the joint in place.
- Type I = the AC ligament is slightly torn, but there’s no damage to the CC ligament is unharmed.
- Type II = the AC ligament is completely torn, and there’s little or no tear to the CC ligament.
- Type III = both the AC and CC ligaments are completely torn. In this case, the collarbone separates from the end of the shoulder blade.
Three more types of AC joint injury are also possible, but rare. These involve tearing of the ligaments and surrounding muscle tissue.
Shoulder separation or AC joint injury causes
Shoulder separation often happens because of a hit to:
- The tip of your shoulder.
- The top part of your shoulder.
- Your outstretched arm.
You may damage the AC joint or rotator cuff from a fall or tackle during a game.


Leadless Chip Carrier (LCC)
Definition - What does Leadless Chip Carrier (LCC) mean?
A leadless chip carrier (LCC or LLCC) is an integrated circuit package that has no pins/leads for contact. This surface-mount device makes use of metal pads at the outer edges to establish connection with the circuit board. Leadless chip carriers are popular, as they are light in weight, adaptable to a wide range of applications and are considered ideal for surface-mount applications.
Techopedia explains Leadless Chip Carrier (LCC)
A leadless chip carrier is usually square or rectangular in shape. Unlike other integrated circuit packaging, leadless chip carriers do not establish connection to devices by means of pins, but by means studs or metal pads provided around the periphery of the package. Due to reduction in weight, area and volume, leadless chip carriers are more durable and could withstand more vibration and shock compared to dual-in-line packages.
One of the salient features of a leadless chip carrier is its easy and convenient direct insertion to its socket mounted on the circuit board. It can also easily mount directly on the board. It is a low-cost solution for surface mounting, as it is lightweight and has no metallic external legs or leads. Unlike dual-inline packages, no holes are required for leadless chip carriers.
There are a few drawbacks associated with leadless chip carriers. The system is not considered homogeneous when leadless chip carriers are mounted to printed circuit boards. Failures of these systems have been common after limited stressing or thermal expansion. Most of these issues can be resolved by selecting the proper printed circuit board material.


History of the Fryeburg Fair
Have you ever wondered how the Fryeburg Fair earned its title for the largest agricultural fair in New England? It took a lot of years, but it all started in March of 1851. According to the Fryeburg Fair's website, the fair had humble beginning with just a few local farmers and merchants got together and decided to show off their produce, cattle and goods to the community.
On that first day, William Walker of Lovell won $3 for the best acre of corn and William Spring of Brownfield earned $1 for the best seed wheat.
This year marks 252 years from that first fair day. SInce then, the fair grounds have grown to the current 185 acres on the banks of the Saco River and attracts more than 300,000 people annually.
The fair was not always an eight day event. According to their website, fair trustees voted to expand the fair to four days in 1941 but World War II stalled the expansion until 1945. The fair grew to five days in 1954, seven a few years later and eight in 1981 when the second Sunday was added.
Everyone has until Sunday to enjoy the fair!


This post continues the description of the campaign medals awarded during WWII. Known as "Theaters of War" the medal shown below represents the largest geographic area during the War, which included Asia, Australia, Alaska, the Pacific Islands, most of the Pacific Ocean, and the eastern half of the Indian Ocean. It was know as "Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal".
It was awarded for service between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946. On the front side (obverse) the medal is designed to show an amphibious landing in the tropics, showing two helmeted soldiers holding rifles. A leafed palm tree overshadowing a landing craft with disembarking troops is immediately in their background. Three palm trees are shown without their palm leaves. Further in the distance is depicted a battleship, an aircraft carrier, and a submarine with two aircraft flying overhead. In a semicircle struck across the top are the words ASIATIC PACIFIC CAMPAIGN.
The back side is shown below which is identical to the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater Campaign shown last post [a bald eagle perched on a rock with the dates 1941 - 1945, and the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.]
American War Medals and Decorations, Evans E. Kerrigan, p. 98.
United States Air Force Combat Medals, Streamers, and Campaigns, by A. Timothy Warnock, pp. 58 - 127.
The Call of Duty : Military Awards And Decorations Of The United States of America, by John E. Strandberg and Rober James Bender, p.207.


Grading services are the process of leveling land to prepare it for building or to create a certain slope of land, usually for water or sewer lines or rainwater drainage.
This is sometimes called cut and fill excavation, where soil is excavated from higher parts of the landscape and used to fill in lower areas so that the entire landscape has the same land grading.
This can create a smooth landscape free from hills and slopes for many reasons, including water drainage or laying a structure’s foundation.
This is an easy way to prevent flooding or standing water on your home. If you have one or more small elevations that drain water towards your home or driveway, grading these small areas are an easy way to move the water away from your home and drain elsewhere.
If you need land grading services for any reason feel free to contact us for free estimate.


WHAT IS e IT?
Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant. It works to inhibit the synthesis of the following:
- Vitamin K dependent factors: factors II, VII, IX, X
- Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant proteins: protein C and protein S
WHEN DO WE USE IT?
In patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent the formation of clots.
WHEN DO WE AVOID USING IT?
During pregnancy: warfarin is known to have teratogenic effects and should not be given during pregnancy. If anticoagulation is needed then low molecular weight heparin is the drug of choice.
HOW IS IT ADMINISTERED?
WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY?
ANYTHING ELSE TO KEEP IN MIND?
CYP 450 inhibitors increase the effect of Warfarin: this raises the risk of bleeding
- Certain antibiotics/antifungals: such as metronidazole
- Thyroid hormone
- SSRIs: such as fluoxetine
- Other: cranberry juice, Ginko biloba, vitamin E
CYP 450 inducers decrease the effect of Warfarin: this raises the risk of clotting
- Neurological medications: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital
- Supplements: Ginseng, St. John’s wort
- Oral contraceptives
Page Updated: 11.01.2016


Donald Trump has come out with his plan to, among other things, deport 11 million people living in America. Without getting into the details of this plan, I take you back 150 years to another time in America when immigrants were viewed in the same way that Trump appeals to a large group of Americans.
The Native American Party, renamed in 1855 as American Party, and commonly named Know Nothing movement, was an American political party that operated on a national basis during the mid-1850s. It promised to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants, thus reflecting nativism and anti-Catholic sentiment. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, whom they saw as hostile to republican values and controlled by the Pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856, it strove to curb immigration and naturalization, but met with little success. Membership was limited to Protestant men. The most prominent leader was former President Millard Fillmore (the party’s presidential nominee in 1856).


Naqada, background information to the reconstructions
The information concerning single tombs in the original publication is scanty. Out of about 2100 tombs Petrie described only 136. Petrie did not publish a tomb register. He published plans only for a few tombs.
For the reconstruction of single tomb groups and of burials the following sources
In her book Baumgartel published a tomb register, after visiting many collections that preserve objects from Naqada. This register is essential for reconstructing the finds of each tomb, whereas for the plans the notebooks of Petrie are the most important source.
pottery types (the letters and small numbers next to the vessels - identified
by Baumgartel) are according to:
the flints are according to
the Sequence Dates are according to
Copyright © 2000 University College London. All rights reserved.


Scholarly and Peer Reviewed Information: Definitions
What are Scholarly & Peer Reviewed Articles?
Scholarly articles are articles written by and for academics and experts in the topic of the article.
Peer reviewed articles are those which have been reviewed prior to publication by other experts in the topic of the article.
Very often the terms "scholarly" and "peer reviewed" are used interchangeably.
- Clarify with your instructor as to which kind of article is required.
Use the clues given on the other pages of this Guide to determine if an article is non-scholarly, scholarly, or peer reviewed.


This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by Marcus Wendel's Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Michael Miller's Axis Biographical Research, Christoph Awender's WW2 day by dayand Christian Ankerstjerne’s Panzerworld.
From 1871 German law stated that all condemned criminals must be decapitated but allowed both the axe and the guillotine. The guillotine was also used in Greece, Switzerland and Sweden. Sweden used the guillotine once, in 1910, when Alfred Ander was executed for armed robbery. It was to be Sweden's last execution. During the Nazi period, 1933-1945, 20 guillotines were used in Germany and Austria (from 1938). Hitler considered it a demeaning form of punishment and used it for political executions. 20,000 had a date with Madame la Guillotine in 1942 and 1943.
It has been estimated that 16.000 persons, maybe as many as 20.000, were guillotined by the Nazis, more than were killed by the guillotine in France during the revolution. After the war, the guillotine was last used in the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (West Germany) on May 11, 1949, when the murderer Berthold Wehmeyer was beheaded.
East Germany continued to use the guillotine for a few more years afterwards.
…20 guillotines were used in Germany and Austria (from 1938). Hitler considered it a demeaning form of punishment and used it for political executions.
Moulded wrote:And its use at Plötzensee: On only one night, on 14 September 1943, 186 humans in Ploetzensee, Berlin, by the drop hatchet were executed. For the individual execution hardly more than 10 seconds time was stressed.
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What You Should Know About Backhoe Services
1. “Backhoe” Refers to the Direction the Shovel Digs
A backhoe is a two-jointed, articulated arm with a digging bucket at the end. During operation, the backhoe is hitched to the back of a front loader or tractor. The end of the arm closest to the vehicle is the boom, while the other end that features the bucket is referred to as the dipper. Unlike when shoveling by hand or using a bulldozer, the backhoe digs into the earth backward, which is where it gets its name.
2. Heavy-Duty Attachments Add to Backhoe Functionality
Although backhoe machines are capable of digging deep into the soil, attachments are available to add to their functionality. Because multiple machines can be attached to the backhoe loader, it’s possible to accomplish different tasks at once, while reducing the amount of equipment needed on the worksite. If the job requires breaking through concrete to access the earth beneath, for example, jackhammer attachments can be used to cut down on time. Sweeper devices can also be attached for debris cleanup and snow removal.
3. Backhoe Services Are Used for Various Applications
Excavation is typically part of most mid- to large-scale construction jobs, which is why you should enlist the help of a backhoe service company for your project. From installing septic tanks and drain pipes in residential yards to digging into asphalt to mend city gas lines, backhoe loaders come in handy for a variety of applications.


Hepatitis C is a virus that affects your liver. It can be very serious if it's not treated.
There are often no symptoms of hepatitis C at first. Some people get symptoms like muscle aches, a high temperature, tiredness and tummy pain.
Hepatitis C can usually be treated with antiviral medicines. These need to be taken for several weeks.
You can catch hepatitis C from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing needles. It's very rare to catch it from having sex.
You can reduce your risk of catching hepatitis C by not sharing needles, razors or toothbrushes with other people.


In October 1970, Robert Bourassa's provincial government refused to exchange political hostages for twenty-three FLQ terrorists. By the evening of 15 October, 3,000 outraged Quebecers appeared poised to riot. Fearing insurrection, the federal government implemented the War Measures Act and jailed 497 people. Most Canadian historians cite this event as an unjustified assault on civil rights and political liberty - "The October Crisis, 1970" challenges this assumption. William Tetley, then a minister in Bourassa's cabinet, breaks the government's silence about the event and, with meticulous reference to now available documentation and passages from his own 1970 diary, reveals details of the government's decision-making process. He also points out facts that most historical interpretations gloss over: for instance, all but sixty of those apprehended were soon released, not a window was broken, and the calm that descended on Quebec and Canada has lasted for thirty-six years. Tetley addresses important questions about the crisis, successfully balancing historical interpretation and personal recollection
When I first saw this book, I thought it would be a retelling of the events of the October crisis. Instead it is a book of arguments by the author supporting the provincial and federal governments actions and why.
William Tetley was a minister in Bourassa's cabinet and does present many facts and opinions from the inside. In my opinion, the crisis was handled in the best way possible. The book does support not only the authors opinions but my own.
Although disappointed that it was not a retelling of the events of the October crisis, I did find this a very interesting and informative read.


Explore the life and times of Walter Tull, one of Britain’s first black army officers, who served during the First World War.
Walter Tull (28 April 1888 - 25 March 1918) was a professional footballer and British Army officer. His father was Barbadian, his mother was from Kent.
He joined the Army in December 1914, serving in the Duke of Cambridge’s Own (Middlesex) Regiment, including the two Football Battalions. In 1917, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant, making him one of the first black men to receive a commission in the British Army.
Walter Tull was killed in action on 25 March 1918. He is commemorated on the Arras Memorial.Download the transcript


(In Freudian theory) the occasion on which a child becomes aware of its parents' sexual intercourse, the timing of which is thought to be crucial in determining predisposition to future neuroses.
More example sentences
- Rolfe insists that the story (a Freudian primal scene in which the father is displeased by the son who watches his mother bathing) was told to him by his brother as a cautionary tale.
- Freud clearly believed that the patient's apparent cure after his first period of analysis was the result of making conscious his presumed infantile observation of the primal scene.
- The context - in this case, a novel of artistic development - is more extensive than the short story and underlines the importance of reading the episode as a symptom of a repressed primal scene of cultural amalgamation.
Definition of primal scene in:
- The British & World English dictionary


A basic history of Paragliding
Paragliding originally started with the military in the early 1960’s. They figured that when training their parachutists, it was taking a lot of time and money to keep taking them up by plane over and over, several times a day. They came up with the idea of pulling the parachutist along with a rope attached to a truck. Like a kite, as the truck went faster the parachutist went higher.
It didn’t take long for the parachutists to get the hang of it, and they began, just for fun, running off cliffs to float down and over time they learned how to use the air currents to their favour, enabling them to stay in the air longer. And so, paragliding as a sport came to be.
The design and size of the parachute changed over time as paragliders bettered their techniques, and what was considered to be the first modern paragliding jump took place in 1978 in France. Although the equipment has changed a lot since its first inception, with much better steering systems now, the basic design remains the same. It is now considered an extreme sport and is growing in popularity.


Explore the world of mythology with Edith Hamilton, enjoy the stories of a distant culture, and see how God’s design for mankind is seen even in the most unlikely places! Since references to ancient myths are found throughout literature, this class will benefit students who strive to better understand both literature and ancient history. In this 15 week class students will explore Greek, Roman, and Norse mythology. We will delve into ancient ideologies, culture, and deities while maintaining a Godly perspective. Since this course is discussion driven, a working microphone is required. This class is ideal for grades 9-12.
Course description and class content developed by Jess Woods for exclusive use with Excelsior Classes.
Date & Time
*See the School Calendar on our FAQs
Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes by Edith Hamilton (978-0446574754)
The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturlson and edited by Jesse Byock (978-0140447552)
Jess Woods currently resides in upstate New York with her husband and three children. Though she spent her childhood and adolescence in Georgia, Jess has lived in eight different states and has a fondness for traveling and experiencing different regions, as each one has taught her something about herself and about community. Jess enjoys reading, writing, and all things music (ok, most things music). Teaching is the perfect career for her since she loves being able to experience an appreciation for words and story come alive within other people.


Traumatic dental injuries often occur in accidents or sports-related injuries. Chipped Teeth account for the majority of all dental injuries. Dislodged or Knocked-Out teeth are examples of less frequent, but more severe injuries. Treatment depends on the type, location and severity of each injury. Any dental injury, even if apparently mild, requires examination by a dentist immediately. Sometimes, neighboring teeth suffer an additional, unnoticed injury that will only be detected by a thorough dental exam.
What going to happen to my tooth that crack the top off but still on? It starting to hurt. (photos)
Doctor Answers 2
What going to happen to my tooth that crack the top off but still on? It starting to hurt.
Break off to Abscess are possible
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


Synopsis by Hal Erickson
From the same production team responsible for the digital-animation triumph Walking with Dinosaurs, this four-part British miniseries covers some three and a half million years in the evolution of humanity. Set in East Africa, the project uses well-disguised human actors to recreate such milestones as the development of creating shelter, hunting with weaponry, banding together in communities, adopting climate-appropriate clothing, learning to make and use tools, and walking on two rather than four legs (it is theorized that this final achievement came about because humankind hoped to conserve energy for the purposes of procreation). Episode titles include "First Ancestors," "Blood Brothers," "Savage Family," and "The Survivors." A co-production of the BBC and America's Discovery Channel, Walking with Cavemen debuted in the U.K. on March 27, 2003, and in the U.S. (edited down to a single, two-hour special) on June 15 of that same year.
development, evolution, humanity, human-origins, milestone, natural-selection


The key factor to achieving sustainability is no longer money but using available resources appropriately, according to a new study published by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
The study suggests that the success of sustainability projects crucially depends on knowledge and functioning institutional structures at local, regional and national levels.
Sustainable transport is an urgent issue for a number of reasons. The transport sector was responsible for 23% of global CO2 emissions in 2007, and adversely affects air and noise pollution, land use etc. These effects are especially relevant in cities, where half of the world’s population is living today. With a growing world population and ongoing urbanisation, the number and share of city dwellers will rise considerably in the next decades. Thus, sustainability in urban transport is becoming increasingly important.
For more information, click here.
NB: Press Cutting Service
This article is culled from daily press coverage from around the world. It is posted on the Urban Gateway by way of keeping all users informed about matters of interest. The opinion expressed in this article is that of the author and in no way reflects the opinion of UN-HABITAT.


Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is one of the 26 states that make up the Federative Republic of Brazil. Located in the southernmost part of the country, it has a population of 10.693.929 residents*, or approximately 6% of the total Brazilian population. The State has a total area of 281,730.2 km2 (including Patos Lagoon and Mirim Lake)**.
It presents a differentiated framework regarding social indicators when compared to the other states of the Federation. It stands out by its low infant mortality rate, that is already approaching the number of 10 deaths per thousand inhabitants; one of the longest life expectancies - above 74 years of age; and literacy rate above than 95%. These data place the State in a privileged level in terms of quality of life in the country.
Its economic production is also important, RS contributes about 7% of the national total GDP, ranking fourth in economic production among Brazilian states. Its per capita GDP is approximately 27 thousand reais.
RS has a rich cultural diversity and varied landscape. The State population descends mainly from indigenous peoples, Africans and Europeans. The relief has altitudes that range up to 1,398 m, its subtropical climate is characterized by low temperatures and its vegetation is varied presenting important residual areas of Atlantic Forest and grasslands, that characterize the Campanha Gaúcha plains and Southern Plateau highlands.
* IBGE. Censo Demográfico 2010
** IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), Resolution 05, dated Oct 10, 2002.


What's in a Name?
With more than 20,000 animals in our care, it would be impossible to name every single individual.
Even with so many animals at the Aquarium, there are some special cases in which an individual animal might get a name! Generally, there are three categories that animal names fall into: names that are educational, names that honor someone in the marine biology field, or fun names that seem to fit the animal! Scroll down to meet a few Aquarium residents with special names.
Every penguin at the Aquarium receives a name that is educational in nature, which means that it can relate to the natural habitat or biology of penguins. Believe it or not, Roast Beef is an educational name! Roast Beef Island is a part of the Penguin Islands, a historical group of scattered islands off the coast of Namibia which are a part of the natural range of African Penguins. Visitors to the aquarium can use tablets at the penguin exhibit to identify penguins according to bracelets worn on their left or right wing. See the names and stories of our summer 2017 baby penguins.
The Aquarium’s youngest sea lion is a male named Ron, who was born in July 2017. This rambunctious juvenile is named in honor of Ron Schusterman, a renowned marine biologist and researcher who studied cognition in marine mammals. You can learn more about our sea lions, including Ron and his mom, Tipper, in the New Balance Foundation Marine Mammal Center.
When senior aquarist Bill Murphy found out that our newest giant Pacific octopus was a male, he immediately knew what he’d be called. Professor Ludwig Von Drake is named after Donald Duck’s uncle who is known for singing the “Spectrum Song” – fitting for an octopus who can change color! The Professor can be found in our Olympic Coast exhibit, along with our female octopus, Freya.


One of the systems of Indian philosophy, Yoga seeks the union of the individual with the divine by means of exercise, breathing, posture, diet, and meditation. The word Yoga is Sanskrit for “Union.” One of the most popular forms of Yoga in the West is a type called Hatha Yoga. Those who practice Hatha Yoga seek to improve their health and sense of well-being by learning body control through a series of breathing exercises, by assuming special postures, and through concentration.
Classical Yoga, called Raja Yoga, which means “Royal Yoga,” originated with a text dating from the 2nd century bc. This text, called Yoga-sutra, was composed over a long period of time. It was written by a man, or more likely several men, who wrote under the name Patanjali. Raja Yoga has to do with the essential difference between matter and self. The process involves a series of eight progressive stages to free the self from the material world and the cycle of rebirth after death (see Hinduism).
Hatha Yoga, which developed out of Raja Yoga, dates from the teachings of Gorakhnath, an 11th-century Hindu master yogi (practitioner of Yoga). The special breathing exercises and the postures, such as the familiar lotus position, with legs crossed and each foot resting on the opposite thigh, are a part of Hatha Yoga.
In the West most people who study and practice Yoga are likely to emphasize its health benefits as a form of exercise and relaxation rather than its religious and philosophical aspects. Many physiological processes—including blood pressure, respiration, and even body temperature and heart rate—may be controlled through the practice of Yoga.


Secondary products created in the sawmill such as cross-cuts or other wood scraps can be processed into wood chips. A chipping system mechanically shreds the wood scraps. This equipment enables us to precisely determine the grade, size and shape of the chipped wood.
Wood chips are also used in a variety of applications, e.g. for manufacturing pulp for the paper industry, producing oriented strand board (OSB) for furniture construction or pressing into pellets for heating purposes. Additional areas of use include equestrian arenas, horticulture and agriculture.


Bio-Optic Synthetic Systems (BOSS)
In 2002, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) initiated a program aimed at simplifying complex optical sensors used in military operations by imitating biological visual systems. The goal of the Bio-Optical Synthetic Systems project (BOSS) is to understand and synthesize the components of biological vision systems.
Much of the current technology used for intelligence gathering depends on optical sensors. These sensors are complicated, relying on multiple sets of lenses for focusing on their targets. Biological vision systems, such as the eye, are extremely compact, yet allow for a wide field of view, a dynamic range of index of refraction and control over spherical aberration. The crystalline structure of the fish eye lens, for example, accomplishes this flexibility in optical properties via an inhomogeneous protein gradient.
The technical challenges for this project include developing materials with a dynamic index of refraction and a variable field of view lens. In particular, the program specifies that the lens must have a field of view ranging from less than one degree to 120 degrees. The program seeks to develop material to improve the index of refraction, which likely requires the use of an inhomogeneous protein gradient. Materials that self-assemble into such hierarchical structure are of key interest. Both public institutions and private corporations have been funded under this initiative.
█ FURTHER READING:
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office "Bio-Optic Synthetic Systems (BOSS)" < http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/biosci/boss.htm. > (March 25, 2003).


Ecuador said it would honour Lonesome George by listing him as part of the nation’s cultural heritage.
George, the only remaining Pinta Island giant tortoise (Geochelone nigra abingdoni) and a celebrated symbol of conservation efforts in the Galapagos Islands, died in June with no known offspring at an estimated age of 100.
Lonesome George is a symbol of the fight for the protection of a “fragile ecosystem where conservation is everyone’s responsibility,” Ecuador’s vice minister tasked with heritage issues, Juan Carlos Coellar, said in a statement.
Researchers plan to examine Lonesome George’s remains before embalming the animal and putting him on display at the Galapagos National Park.
There are about 20,000 giant tortoises left in the Galapagos, according to the park's website.
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To motivate someone means to push them to do something, whereas inspiring someone means to pull them into something.
By this definition, motivating would be a lot easier. It would entail telling someone what to do and why they should do it.
Inspiring someone takes a lot more work. You would have to figure out what drives someone internally and pull that out of them to inspire action.
Why does it matter?
Facts don’t inspire people to action, but feelings do. Motivating people with information will only go so far, you have to engage people’s deeper motivations.
On teams, you want people to show up for work feeling like they belong. They need to feel like they matter. People like to know their team and leaders care about how they feel and think.
Leadership speaker Craig Roeschel says that when people are inspired, they are two thirds more productive.
How do you inspire people? I think it involves caring about them, finding out what matters to them and leading by example.
Instead of telling people what to do, engage and involve them in action.
The leadership speaker also suggests you write notes of appreciation, walk around and ask people how they are doing, do videos that share your vision or congratulate people for the work they do.
As funny motivational speakers, one of our favorite ( although overused) terms is, People, Don't Care How Much You Know Until They Know How Much You Care.


So Boxing Day is not just the day when we clean up all the boxes and wrapping paper from Christmas Day. It actually has a much deeper meaning. Read this British take on this holiday that I have reported on our blog.
- Boxing day (liftmeupwardrobe.co.uk)
Boxing day is an occasion steeped in tradition, but with the excitement of Christmas and the build up to New Year the day often gets lost amongst never-ending celebrations. In fact, many of us aren’t even aware of the historical significance of its rather peculiar name.
Contrary to popular belief, boxing day has nothing to do with boxing. The name actually refers to a historical tradition of gift giving , when servants and tradespeople would receive gifts from their superiors, known as a ‘Christmas box’. The tradition dates back to the middle ages, when money and other gifts were given to those in need on the 26th December.
The day takes on different names across the globe. In South Africa Boxing Day was renamed to Day of Goodwill in 1994. In Ireland it is St. Stephen’s Day (Lá Fhéile Stiofáin) or the Day of the Wren. The lucky inhabitants…
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The calculated distribution of dark matter
- Title The calculated distribution of dark matter
- Released 17/02/2011 2:52 pm
- Copyright The Virgo Consortium/Alexandre Amblard/ESA
This set of images shows the distribution of the dark matter, obtained from a numerical simulation, at a redshift z~2, or when the Universe was about 3 billion years old.
The left panel displays the continuous distribution of dark matter particles, showing the typical wispy structure of the cosmic web, with a network of sheets and filaments that developed out of tiny fluctuations in the early Universe.
The central panel provides a simplified view of the complex network of dark matter structure according to the so-called halo model, a statistical approach used to describe the distribution of dark matter on both large and small scales. Within this framework, the dark matter distribution is viewed as an ensemble of discrete objects, the dark matter halos, corresponding to the densest knots of the cosmic web.
The right panel highlights the dark matter halos (shown in yellow) that represent the most efficient cosmic sites for the formation of galaxies. Only halos with a mass above a certain threshold can trigger the ignition of intense bursts of star formation, thus creating a starburst galaxy. According to the latest measurements achieved with Herschel, the minimum mass needed by a halo for a starburst galaxy to form within it is 3 x 10^11 times that of the Sun.
- Id 226157


Edited by Suzanne J. Hurley-Kersh
Red Epaulets (2013) supplements author Vic Hurley's other republished Philippine works: Swish of the Kris, the Story of the Moros, Authorized and Enhanced Edition (2010), and Jungle Patrol, the Story of the Philippine Constabulary 1901 - 1936) (2011).
INTRODUCTION - Vic Hurley – A Niece's Personal Narrative. Vic Hurley, the author and adventurer, was a larger-than-life figure to his niece. In this brief article she describes her subsequent rediscovery of his work and his history.
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY - A colorful first person narrative by an unidentified officer on Constabulary duty at a remote edge of the jungle, after the Spanish-American War. (1911)
THE SULU MOROS A detailed assessment of the personalities, customs, and behaviors of the Islamic Filipinos, their Sultan, and the tropic environment, with emphasis on the suicidal practices of amok and juramentado, as observed by an American Constabulary officer shortly after the occupation of the Philippines by American forces. (1913)
WITH THE SULU CONSTABULARY ON THE LATEST FRONTIER OF THE UNITED STATES – Both the routine and the exciting challenges facing the nascent Philippine national police, the Philippine Constabulary, its foreign officers and its native recruits as they try to bring peace and order to the jungle - as observed by a young officer. (1913)
RED EPAULETS IN THE SUNLIGHT - The forgotten men of American military history are the white officers of the Philippine Constabulary who fought under completely new concepts of battle, Vic Hurley describes the genius and subsequent history of some of these officers. (1956)


The most dangerous snake?
Technically, that would be the inland taipan, a snake native to Australia. It has the most toxic venom and injects the greatest amount per bite. Other snakes, however, are more dangerous and claim more victims.
A standard measurement of any toxin is the LD50 (LD = lethal dosage): the amount of toxin required to kill half of the test-animal population. A low LD50 value indicates a potent toxin: only a small amount is necessary to kill the recipient. The inland taipan is so poisonous that the venom in one bite is toxic enough to kill one hundred individuals. This puts the snake at the top of the list of most poisonous snakes in Australia. However, this snake does not claim the most victims. That dubious honour depends on a combination of factors, including the potency of the reptile’s toxin, the chance that humans will encounter the snake (the population density of the area), the availability of antiserum, and the country’s healthcare system.
In West Africa, many people fall victim to the saw-scaled viper. This very poisonous snake lives in slums, where many people walk barefoot. The puff adder as well, a snake common in Africa, claims many victims due to its effective camouflage. In fact, the puff adder seems to be responsible for the most African fatalities.
In India, the Russell’s viper causes many deaths, even though this snake is not very high on the most-poisonous lists. Cobras are dangerous too. Every snake in the entire cobra family can ‘stand’ and increase its visual size with a skin flap, and some cobras can spit their venom as far as 2.4 metres.
All in all, say people in the know, the best position for observing snakes in the wild is from a great distance.


Just in time for back to school, we introduce our newest movie topic page – Note-Taking Skills. Start the year with this one and prompt students to use best practices for watching BrainPOP movies all year long! In the movie, Tim and Moby explore the ways note-taking focuses your mind and allows you to identify the main ideas of any lesson–while giving you a written document to study later. Find out why you shouldn’t try to copy every word you hear, no matter how fast you write. Learn various time- and space-saving tricks to make your notes clearer and more useful. Techniques like shorthand and the Cornell System will help you get the gist of the lecture and keep up with what your teacher is saying. It’s time you took note of the value of note-taking! Remember, listening helps, but if you really want to learn, you have to write it down!


Natalia Welzenbach-Marcu | April 3rd, 2019
A surprisingly high amount of biofuel is produced in Iowa, but the products that fall under this category and the ways in which they are produced spark frequent controversy and debate.
To begin, let’s break down what “biofuels” actually are. Defined by National Geographic as “plant-based solutions to the Earth’s growing energy problems“, biofuels are sourced from plant matter instead of petroleum. Gasoline and diesel are technically also biofuels, being made from decomposed and fossilized plants, but they emit massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere–causing a number of dangerous effects that heavily contribute towards climate change. Biofuels are more specifically made from living plant matter.
Ethanol is an example of a common biofuel produced worldwide, and Iowa is a top producer. Ethanol can be made through fermentation and a breakdown of sugars and starches, making corn an ideal component. An increase in biofuel use, theoretically, should reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.
There is some debate about the effectiveness of biofuels when taking into account everything required to harvest and process the crops needed for this form of energy, however, with many pointing out that despite its benefits, the production of ethanol leaves a large carbon footprint anyway. With Iowa being a major producer of ethanol, these arguments tend to converge on our cropland, and farmers are split on the issue, as biofuels provide some significant advantages over fossil fuels.
Setting debates aside, a common ground most debaters find themselves on is the desire to figure out a way to reduce our overall carbon footprint, and this is a journey that we will likely be on for a long, long while.


Most U.S. cities lack built environments that support physical activity, which is a key determinant of health. Making permanent changes to the physical environment to promote physical activity is not always feasible. Play Streets are place-based interventions that are typically organized by local governments or community organizations, involve temporarily closing streets to create safe places and free opportunities for physical activity. In this descriptive study we examine Chicago’s PlayStreets held in summer 2018 (n=162) to assess the volume and type of physical activity among youth participants, and the variety of services provided to residents. We analyzed survey data and post PlayStreets forms, and conducted systematic observations at a purposeful sample of PlayStreets. We found that PlayStreets provide opportunities for youth physical activity in areas where opportunities do not otherwise always exist. PlayStreets also provide an avenue for residents to access community resources. This research of PlayStreets in Chicago showed how one city is temporarily turning streets into places for youth physical activity to advance health equity. Local policies that facilitate temporarily closing streets, and that provide resources to support opportunities for physical activity and access to community resources, can advance health equity in cities nationwide.


Dr. Scott Petrie, Long Point Waterfowl Executive Director
Although lead poisoning is common in swans, no information exists on the prevalence of lead artifact ingestion in swans using the Lower Great Lakes. We examined artifact ingestion (lead and non-toxic) in Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Tundra Swans Cygnus columbianus collected on the Lower Great Lakes in Ontario (1999–2003) following the 1999 ban on use of lead shot for waterfowl hunting in Canada. A larger proportion of Mute Swans (19.8% of 243 birds) contained artifacts than did Tundra Swans (6.5% of 77 birds), possibly due to the fact that Mute Swans feed exclusively in aquatic habitats. Overall, 14% of Mute Swans contained nontoxic shot, 6% contained lead shot and 1.6% contained fishing tackle; 4% of Tundra Swans contained non-toxic shot and 2.6% contained lead shot. Adult Mute Swans (22.7%) had a higher incidence of artifact ingestion than did cygnets (8.9%), but there were no age-related differences in Tundra Swans. No sex-related differences in artifact ingestion were detected in either species. Given the overall frequency of shot ingestion in Mute Swans (20% of birds), lead toxicosis probably was a significant mortality factor for this species on the Lower Great Lakes before the lead shot ban. As only 1.6% of Mute Swans and no Tundra Swans contained any form of fishing tackle, angling related injuries and mortalities are likely lower in the Lower Great Lakes than has been reported for swans in Europe. Presently, lead toxicosis is likely having a low to moderate effect on Mute Swans and a minimal effect on Tundra Swans on the Lower Great Lakes.
To read Jenna’s paper on incidence of artifact ingestion in Mute Swans and Tundra Swans on the lower Great Lakes, Canada click here


A cockatoo is a parrot that is any of the 21 species belonging to the bird family
Cacatuidae, the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Along with the ...
Jul 12, 2015 ... Argue With A Cockatoo ... Cockatoo Flips Out on Roommate for Not Cleaning
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A list of Cockatoos for sale including Bare Eye Cockatoo, Black Palm Cockatoo,
Citron Crested Cockatoo, Ducorp Cockatoo, Slender Billed Corella Cockatoo, ...
The Sulphur-crested Cockatoo is a large white parrot. It has a dark grey-black bill,
a distinctive sulphur-yellow crest and a yellow wash on the underside of the ...
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dramatic crest feathers, dusty feathers, and varying shades of white, pink, gray ...
Cockatoos can't seem to shake the “velcro bird,” moniker. These birds have a
tendency to want to be everywhere their people are. The cockatoo's cuddly
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cockatoo (plural cockatoos). A bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak
and a zygodactyl foot. (slang, obsolete) A lookout posted during a two-up game.
Cockatoo Island is a UNESCO world-heritage-listed island in the middle of
beautiful Sydney Harbour. Hop on a ferry and explore the island for the day or


Biology: Human Body Systems #Biology #grade6 #grade7 #grade8 Review of the major #body #systems based on their #function or types of #organs combined. Based on NGSS MS-LS1-3 6 Questions by Science_by_Kahoot 11/02/2017 answers Play N/A plays The esophagus, stomach, and liver are the main organs in this body system: digestive muscular endocrine skeletal What is the function of this body system? to collect & send information to move blood throughout the body to excrete wastes to break down nutrients Which body system will cause you to have a growth spurt? Lymphatic Skeletal Endocrine Nervous What is the function of the Integumentary System? protection circulation support movement Which 2 systems work together to break down nutrients & then transport them to the body? respiratory & circulatory digestive & excretory digestive & circulatory lymphatic & endocrine … and 10 more awesome questions! Check them out by clicking “Play”.


Chapter 18 Summary
“What they saw in the land of El Dorado”
The innkeeper tells Cacambo that he is a happily ignorant man, but there is a wise man in the village who is the most learned and eloquent man in the kingdom. The innkeeper takes them to an old man in a sumptuous but simple room full of fine metals and jewels. The man is one hundred and seventy-two years old, and his deceased father was equerry (honored attendant) to the king.
This kingdom is the “old fatherland to the Incas” who unwisely chose to leave so they could subjugate another part of the world and were ultimately destroyed by the Spaniards. The princes and their families who remained were much wiser and decreed, with the people’s...
(The entire section is 807 words.)


Medical Dictionary: Glossary (F)
What is facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve. It supplies the muscles of facial expression.
What is factor X
A coagulation factor, a substance in blood essential to the normal clotting process. Production of factor X takes place in the liver and requires vitamin K.
What is fascia
A flat band of tissue below the skin that covers underlying tissues and separates different layers of tissue. Fascia also encloses muscles.
What is fat embolism
A process by which fat tissue passes into the bloodstream and lodges within a blood vessel and blocks it.
What is fibula
The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg. The end of the fibula forms the bony prominence of the outer ankle.
What is flail chest
A condition that occurs when enough ribs are broken (usually from a crush injury) .On breathing in, the chest wall moves inward instead of outward, and it does the opposite on breathing out.
What is foramen
A natural opening. Although a foramen is usually through bone, it can be an opening through other types of tissue, as with the foramen ovale in the heart.
What is fugue state
An altered state of consciousness in which a person may move around and even speak, but is not fully aware.


|Moderates and Extremists - Differences of Moderates & Extremists|
Page 2 of 2
Differences between the Moderates & the Extremists
Moderates: Constituted of zamindars and upper middle classes in towns. Believed that the movement should be limited to middle class intelligentsia and that the masses were not yet ready for participation in political work. Inspired by western liberal thought and European history. Professed loyalty to the British Crown, believed in England’s providential mission in India believed and that political connections with Britain to be in India’s social. political and cultural interests. Demanded constitutional reforms and share for Indians in services and insisted Oil the use of constitutional methods only.
Extremists: Constituted of educated middle and lower middle classes in towns and had immense faith in the capacity of masses to participate and to make sacrifices. Inspired by Indian history, cultural heritage and Hindu traditional symbols. Believed that political connections with Britain would perpetuate British exploitation of India and rejected ‘providential mission theory’ as an illusion. Demanded swaraj as the panacea for India ills.Did not hesitate to use extra constitutional methods like boycott and passive resistance to achieve their objectives.
Conflict and Surat Split
Tilak was unpopular with the Moderate group of Bombay. At the Calcutta Congress 11906) Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo wanted Tilak to become the President of the Congress. But the Moderates were in no mood to accept him. P Mehta. MM Malaviya and Gokhale were heckled and booed. Ultimately a compromise was hurriedly made and the agreeable resolutions on the partition of Bengal. Swadeshi and Boycott were phrased and they secured a smooth passage in the open session. With the foundation of the Deccan Sabha. the division between the Extremists and the Moderates in Maharashtra was complete. The Congress split in 1907 at Surat under the presidentship of Rash Behari Ghosh.


Was the Buddha omniscient?
The question of whether the Buddha was omniscient took on increasing importance as the Buddhist tradition developed over the centuries. More will be said about the scholastic tradition of other schools later, but for now it is perhaps worth mentioning a view reported by Kulatissa Nanda Jayatilleke in his still-important work called Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge. Jayatilleke reports that it was common in the Theravāda tradition to say that there were no obstacles to what the Buddha could know. That does not mean that he was actively omniscient in the sense of knowing all things at all times; rather, it means that if the Buddha ever wanted to know anything, it mattered not whether the object of his knowledge was far away in time or space, or in some future time that no one had yet experienced, or even in some normally inaccessible place such as another person’s mind. The Buddha could see and hear objects at a great distance, and he could know the thoughts of others. So he could know whatever he wanted to know but was not burdened with the informational overload that would go with knowing all things at all times.
- Jayatilleke, Kulatissa Nanda. Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge. London: Allen & Unwin, 1963.


The CRC Handbook of the Zoology of Amphistomes provides a comprehensive survey on the morphology, ecology, systematics, and zoogeography of amphistomes, which are a group of digenetic trematodes parasitic in vertebrates. The handbook features the special morphological characteristics of amphistomes, including the structure and types of muscular organs; a short diagnosis for each species (when possible), as well as a line drawing of each adult fluke; a zoogeographical analysis, including the host-parasite coevolution, distributional patterns, and characterization of faunas within the zoogeographical realm; and a possible evolutionary scenario based on holomorphological characteristics. Parasitologists, helminthologists, zoologists, and biologists working with ecological associations will find CRC Handbook of the Zoology of Amphistomes an essential reference source for their work with amphistomes.
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The Canterbury Tales: The Miller's Tale
by Geoffrey Chaucer
Related History & Literature on Shmoop
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Sample of Related History & Literature on Shmoop
- The Canterbury Tales: "General Prologue"
A gateway page to the "General Prologue" or frame for the Canterbury Tales. It includes poetic "portraits" of each pilgrim on the journey, such as the Miller and his fellow dirty storyteller, the Reeve.
- The Canterbury Tales: "The Reeve's Tale"
Contains pages for the bawdy "Reeve's Tale," which this angry pilgrim tells in retaliation for the Miller's story of a cuckolded carpenter (or reeve).


A binary star was a star system where two stars that revolved around a common center of mass in a single star system. Sometimes the pair would become stable enough that planets would form around them, such as with the Tatoo system and the Byss and Abyss system. Planets orbiting around such star systems often orbited their parent stars in a figure of eight fashion, as such in the case of Byss. Having two suns did not make the world a hot one, in the case of Tatooine. Early in its planetary history, around 2,000,000 BBY, Tatooine was actually a lush and verdant world which produced the Kumumgah species. After defying their Rakatan masters, the planet was subject to an orbital bombardment as punishment that caused the silica in the soil to fuse and become glass, which over time became sand, and caused a drastic climate shift which resulted in Tatooine becoming a desert world.
Two suns often put the system at risk, with twice the chance of a supernova occurring.
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What if we could determine if a given star is likely to host a planetary system like our own by breaking down its light into a single high-resolution spectrum and analyzing it? A spectrum taken of the Sun is shown above. The dark bands result from specific chemical elements in the star’s outer layer, like hydrogen or iron, absorbing specific frequencies of light. By carefully measuring the width of each dark band, astronomers can determine just how much hydrogen, iron, calcium, and other elements are present in a distant star. The new model suggests that a G-class star with levels of refractory elements like aluminum, silicon, and iron significantly higher than those in the Sun may not have any Earth-like planets because it has swallowed them.
N.A.Sharp, NOAO/NSO/Kitt Peak FTS/AURA/NSF


1. Illiteracy: Independent India had very high rates of illiteracy just after independence. This was due to the fact that the Britishers did not spend commensurately on education and rather discouraged educational reforms. Over the years, the literacy rates rose but still as nearly 30 per cent of the Indians are illiterate, they find it difficult to engage in well-paying economic activities and thus remain poor.
2. Unemployment: It is the second major reason for poverty. The people who don’t get work sit idle. Unemployment is basically because of the unavailability of education which plays a vital role in the social as well as economic development of an individual.
3. Inequalities of Incomes: The unequal distribution of income is the other reason for poverty. Money has been rendered in a few people’s hands and then they distribute it. One of the major reasons for this is the unequal distribution of land and other resources. Despite many policies, we have not been able to tackle the issue in a meaningful manner. Land reforms which aimed at the redistribution of assets in rural areas have not been implemented properly.
4. Slow Growth of Employment Opportunities: There is a slow growth of employment opportunities, especially in industrial sectors. On the other hand, the population is growing day by day leading to the growth of the labour force without sufficient job opportunities. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control has perpetuated the cycle of poverty.
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THE KIDS BIBLE STORY OF GIDEON AND DEFEAT OF THE MIDIANITES.ToC
Large numbers of the Israelites gathered around Gideon, prepared to fight against the Midianites, who were encamped in a valley, "like grasshoppers for multitude." How Gideon's host was reduced till only three hundred men remained, and the wonderful dream he heard related, when he and his servant went down as spies into the enemy's camp, are recorded in the seventh chapter of Judges. It was not by their own bravery or power that the Israelites were to overcome their enemies. God was to give them the victory: and He chose Gideon and three hundred men to overcome the great and mighty host of the Midianites.
Gideon divided his three hundred men into three companies, and put a trumpet in every man's hand, and gave to each a pitcher with a lamp inside. Then he said, "Look on me, and do likewise: when I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of the camp, and say, 'The sword of the Lord and of Gideon.'" Gideon and the hundred men of his company approached the enemy's camp by night, and the other two companies drew nigh also, so that the Midianites where surrounded. Then all blew their trumpets, broke their pitchers, held up their lamps (torches), and cried out as they had been commanded.
The Midianites heard the trumpets' blast and the cry, and saw the lights. They were thrown into confusion, and one fought against another; then they fled, and were pursued by the Israelites, great numbers of whom gathered together and followed after their flying enemies. Thus the Midianites were overcome, and Israel had peace during the lifetime of Gideon.
THE SWORD OF THE LORD, AND OF GIDEON