Send an E-Postcard of:
(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
Contact us for information about using this image.
As tractors replaced horses and oxen in the 20th century mechanization age, the sights and sounds on the farms changed as dramatically as they did in the cities with the advent of the automobile. The new motorized inventions allowed more land to be cultivated in less time, resulting in increased production. New sorts of problems accompanied this novel technology, however. The thrifty farmer needed to learn new skills to be able to repair the engines, just as he had learned to mend earlier farm tools. The steel wheels with lugs destroyed paved surfaces, confining the tractor to dirt roads. Because the tractor could not drive on steeper grades without tipping over, farmers had to abandon hillside fields.
top of page


However, Dr. Hannah H. Chang of the Boston Consulting Group and colleagues said every year, 1.1 million babies die from prematurity worldwide and many survivors are disabled. Worldwide, 15 million babies are born preterm, which is defined as less than 37 weeks' gestation, the study said.
"The understanding of drivers and potential benefit of preventive interventions for preterm births is poor," the study said. "We examined trends and estimate the potential reduction in preterm births for countries with very high human development index if present evidence-based interventions were widely implemented."
The researchers analyzed preterm rate increases in the United States from 1989 to 2004. For 39 countries, the researchers did a country-by-country analysis based on target population, incremental coverage increase and intervention efficacy.
Among the interventions that would help prevent preterm births were:
-- Smoking cessation.
-- Decreasing multiple embryo transfers during assisted reproductive technologies.
-- Cervical cerclage, used for the treatment of cervical incompetence or insufficiency.
-- Progesterone supplementation.
-- Reduction of non-medically indicated labor induction or delivery by Caesarean section.
The findings, published in The Lancet, found the annual economic cost savings of the interventions would be about $3 billion worldwide.
Swim Week Miami Beach 2014 [PHOTOS]


Starting an Herb Garden
Posted January 02, 2019
Herbs are so easy to grow they are great for beginning gardeners. They enhance everyday living, from delighting the senses with uses like fragrant potpourris to comforting therapeutic applications. They grow in a variety of climates and will grow in just about any soil condition. Herbs attract beneficial insects to your garden as well as offer a habitat.
Herbs need at least 6 hours of sunshine, with protection from wind and cold. Good drainage is important. Add organic material like compost to your herb beds. Herbs grow best in neutral to slightly alkaline soils.
If you don’t have much space, herbs grow well in pots, window boxes, or wooden tubs. Fill container with a good potting soil such as happy frog potting soil, plant herb same depth as original pot. Keep watered. Provide food with a liquid fertilizer such as kelp, once a week.
Making an herb design can be fun. Try an old tub, or sink for planting herbs in. Water troughs that have rusted on the bottom make great herb gardens. Plant in a wagon wheel. Lay down and plant different herbs in the spoked area. Plant perennial herbs on the ends of your raised vegetable garden beds so not to disturb them. Thyme is excellent hanging over the edge of your beds.
There are so many herbs to choose from. Pick herbs for your particular growing area.
Tall growing herbs:
Drought tolerant herbs:
Moist soil tolerant herbs:
Shade tolerant herbs:
Herbs for indoor gardens:


2. Light At Night
Exposure to dim lighting at night, such as that generated by a TV, computer screen or e-reader could lead to symptoms of depression. A study of 516 elderly people found exposure to light at night was significantly associated with higher scores on a geriatric depression scale.
Photosensitive cells in the retina detect light and transmit signals to the circadian clock in the brain that controls the natural sleep-wake cycle. Artificial illumination at night, especially blue and white light, disrupts circadian rhythms and suppresses the release of the hormone melatonin. Too little melatonin can result in mood disorders.


Report From the CDC. Awareness of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infection Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States, 1999 and 2002
BACKGROUND: The issuance in 2002 of new guidelines recommending universal screening for group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the United States, has created a new opportunity to educate women of childbearing age to be active partners in prevention. METHODS: To assess baseline levels of awareness about perinatal GBS, we analyzed responses to a question included in a health communications/social marketing survey in 1999 and 2002. RESULTS: Among the 2917 women under 50 who responded, 47% reported ever having heard of perinatal GBS. Among women pregnant at the time of the survey, awareness was 66%. Women with a high school education or less (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.50-0.73), household income <25,000 US dollars (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.79), or reporting black, Asian/Pacific Islander, or other race (ORs [95% CI] 0.70 [0.57-0.87], 0.61 [0.41-0.90], 0.41 [0.20-0.85], respectively) had lower awareness of perinatal GBS than other women. Women currently pregnant (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.3) had higher awareness. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of perinatal GBS is high among currently pregnant women, for whom this issue is most important. Efforts to raise awareness should be targeted to women from traditionally underserved populations, such as those who are of nonwhite race or who have lower educational attainment or household income.
Journal of Women's Health (2002)
Cowgill, Karen; Taylor, Thomas H.; Schuchat, Anne; and Schrag, Stephanie, "Report From the CDC. Awareness of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infection Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States, 1999 and 2002" (2003). SIAS Faculty Publications. 609.


2 hanging monitoring traps with long-lasting pheromone lures
Codling Moths are a destructive pest of apples, pears, quince and walnuts. Their worms enter and destroy fruit, just when it is getting ripe. Instead of applying pesticides indiscriminately to control Codling Moth, use the Codling Moth Trap to monitor for their presence. By applying pesticides only when the moths are active, you can avoid excess pesticide use.
Codling Moths are worldwide pests that damage the fruits of apple, pear, and quince during the insect's worm stage. Codling moth can infest every apple in an orchard if left unchecked. The worms burrow through the fruit, leaving brown frass and tunnels. The resulting fruit is often unsuitable for eating. Codling moth worms hatch out of eggs which are laid on the fruit by female moths. The moths emerge 3 to 5 times a year (depending on climate) starting soon after bud break. Controlling moths during these key flight times, before the eggs are laid, can effectively prevent worm damage to fruit. The Codling Moth Trap pinpoints these flight times by capturing the male moths which fly at the same time as the female moths. Apply appropriate controls at these peak times.
Attach hanger. Grasp trap by top and bottom flaps. Pull apart to form trap (do not touch glue). Open lure packet; place one lure on the inside, upper surface of the trap (Do not touch the attractant lure). Hang the trap in your fruit or nut tree. Place the trap 1 to 2 feet inside the tree canopy. Place traps in trees 1 or 2 weeks before bud break, in early spring. Check for moths every 2 to 3 days and apply appropriate treatments to control moths. Recycle or dispose of traps when full of insects, or at least every 4 weeks.
This product is safe for organic uses and contains no pesticides, but it should be paced out of reach of children.


In many surveys, interviewers play an important role in the data collection process. They can be effective in [Page 370]gaining cooperation of the sample persons, helping clarify survey tasks, or motivating the respondent to provide complete and accurate answers. Thus, interviewers can contribute to data quality, but they can also contribute to measurement error. Interviewers can affect respondents' answers through their mere presence as well as their behaviors when administering the survey.
There are several ways in which interviewers seem to influence respondents' answers. First, the presence of an interviewer can stimulate respondents to take social norms into account when answering a survey question. Pressure to conform to social norms can lead to the underreporting of socially undesirable behavior and the overreporting of socially desirable behavior. ...
Looks like you do not have access to this content.


The Anatomy of Tech Gadgets by Mads Peitersen
Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It’s a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy), and plant anatomy (phytotomy). Mads Peitersen, a professional artist from Denmark, came up with a clever idea of illustrating the anatomy of technology gadgets. Some of the following drawings are commissioned by the manufacturer and some are just for fun. Enjoy!


In God We Trust is the motto of the United States of America, a proud and fascinating nation
that evolved from the democratic ideal that each individual is entitled to free election and the
pursuit of a better life. Winning its fight for freedom from Britain officially in 1783, America
developed as a federal republic. The civil war ending in 1865 was another turning point, giving
black slaves their freedom.
The mainland United States is located between Mexico on the south and Canada on the north,
and between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Two of its 50 States are removed from the
continental core: Hawaii lies in the Pacific Ocean and Alaska is in the northwestern corner of
The nation's tremendous population of more than 265 million people is of diverse nationalities
and faiths. The kaleidoscope of people are largely of European, British, Irish, Black, Hispanic,
American Indian and Asian descent. English is the official language.
United States Intro Continued...


|POET, LITERARY EXPERT (GERMANY)|
BORN 20 Jun 1880, Darmstadt, Hessen - DIED 12 Jul 1931, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg|
BIRTH NAME Gundelfinger, Friedrich Leopold
CAUSE OF DEATH cancer
GRAVE LOCATION Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Bergfriedhof, Rohrbacher Strasse (Abteilung WA)
Friedrich Gundolf was the son of the Jewish mathematician Sigmund Gundelfinger, who was a professor at the University of Darmstadt. Friedrich studied the German language and art history in Munich, Berlin and Heidelberg. From 1916 onwards he was professor of German studies in Heidelberg.
In 1899 he had entered the circle of people around Stefan George and he contributed to George's art magazines. His love for the economist Elisabeth Salomon (1893-1958) damaged his friendship with George and after he married Elisabeth in 1926 George broke off all relations with Gundolf.
He was an expert on Shakespeare and also studied Goethe and other important authors. He published several books and was well a well known scholar during the Weimar republic. Joseph Goebbels was among his students in 1920 and wanted him as his promotor, but it never happened. Another student was Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg.
In 1927 he was diagnosed with cancer. In 1930 he was awarded the Lessing Price of the City of Hamburg, but in 1931 he died of his illness. In 1933 the nazis banned his writings. Elisabeth fled to England in 1934 and died in 1958 in Oxford, also of cancer. After her death the remains of his vast library were sold.
was influenced by George, Stefan
admired Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
was a friend of Gothein, Eberhard
Friedrich Gundolf â€“ Wikipedia


Herb of the Day
Aloe vera, Aloe spp.
MEDICINAL: The gel of the inner part of an aloe leaf is used to treat burns, skin rashes, and insect bites, as well as chafed nipples from breastfeeding, when applied to the affected area externally. Internally it can be used to keep the bowels functioning smoothly, or when there is an impaction, although it can cause intestinal cramping when taken internally, and there are other herbs that do this job better. It aids in healing wounds by drawing out infection, and preventing infection from starting. The fresh gel is best to use, rather than “stabilized” gels found in the stores. The fresh gel was used by Cleopatra to keep her skin soft and young.
RELIGIOUS: Growing an aloe vera plant in the kitchen will help prevent burns and mishaps while cooking. It will also prevent household accidents, and guard against evil. It is reported that aloe was used to embalm the body of Christ.
GROWING: Best grown indoors in pots. Those living in the deep South, as in southern Texas or southern Florida, can grow aloe outdoors. Remember that Aloe is a succulent, not a cactus, so it needs water to keep the leaves fleshy and juicy.


Tropical Forest, Rock Island County, Illinois, 320 million years ago
During the early Pennsylvanian Period, northwestern Illinois was at the western edge of the Illinois Basin. The basin was a spoon-shaped depression that covered nearly all of Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. It was a region of swamps and shallow seas, dotted by a few upland areas 15 to 30 meters (about 50–100 ft.) above sea level.
This reconstruction is based on fossils and the preserved landforms from one of these uplands. They were uncovered in a quarry in Milan, Illinois.
Variation Across Space
Ecosystems change through time, but they also vary across space—from place to place. Today in Illinois, Changes Institute scientists study environmental variation from lake ecosystems to rivers, prairies, and forests. During the Pennsylvanian (320–290 million years ago) we find evidence of the same variation. We find fossils preserved from upland forests, river deltas, swamps, shallow oceans environments, and the deep sea.


A number of supermassive black holes, clouded from direct view by gas and dust, have been uncovered by NASA’s NuSTAR observatory, which was launched in 2012 to conduct a deep survey of these exotic objects.
Pointing NuSTAR at nine candidate supermassive black holes suspected to be in hiding, the team of astronomers based at Durham University found five of these high-gravity monsters, since they were spewing out the high-energy X-rays that the space telescope likes to find. Rapidly feasting on a great deal of surrounding material and belching large amounts of radiation, the confirmed objects are also much brighter than previously thought.
“For a long time we have known about supermassive black holes that are not obscured by dust and gas, but we suspected that many more were hidden from view,” says lead astronomer George Lansbury at Durham’s Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy. “Thanks to NuSTAR we have been able to clearly see these hidden monsters that are predicted to be there, but have previously been elusive because of their ‘buried’ state.”
Lansbury and his team may have only found five of this hefty objects but this tells us a lot about the number of supermassive black holes scattered through the cosmos. “When we extrapolate our results across the whole universe then the predicted numbers are huge and in agreement with what we would expect to see,” he explains.
The exciting finding supports the theory that potentially millions more supermassive black holes exist in the universe, but are hidden from view.


Regular readers of The Daily Ant likely already know that ants are very good at most things. From farming to construction to warfare, ants are rivaled perhaps only by humans. So, it is not surprising that along with a diverse array of interesting and intriguing behaviors, ants are also excellent at something we humans find a little less exciting: biological invasions.
In 2000, the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), in collaboration with the IUCN and others, published a list of the top 100 worst invasive species in the world. On this list, which includes organisms ranging from viruses to fungi to plants, ants are conspicuously prevalent. In fact, ants alone represent a remarkable 5% of the list. These invasive ant species are listed below, with their current known species range according to AntMaps (red = invasive range). All ant images are from Alex Wild.
Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile)
Big-Headed Ant (Pheidole megacephala)
Crazy Ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes)
Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata)
Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)
As can be seen from the above species distributions, invasive ants have found their way into most human-occupied regions in the world. However, it is important to note that these five bad actors represent a mere 0.038% of total ant diversity! Remember to judge each ant species based on its own merits rather than the invasive behavior of a few.


Internal combustion engines may run on similar principles, but they don’t all feature the same operating cycles. While many engines feature a four-stroke cycle, comprising intake, compression, expansion-power and exhaust, the Miller Cycle
, originally patented by the American Ralph Miller in 1957 and still used today, differs by having a longer expansion stroke than the compression stroke, which is synonym of better thermodynamic efficiency. This is generally done by closing the intake valves earlier than on a normal engine.
Used alongside a turbocharger or supercharger, the part of the forced induction (cooled compression) into the global compression is larger, leading lower maximal cycle temperatures and better [NOx
emissions and efficiency] trade-off, while improving combustion stability and keeping away the knocking in the case of spark-ignited engines.
Miller Cycle engines can be more efficient as a result.


John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, a Supreme Court Chief Justice, and a Founding Father of the United States.
Benson John Lossing, ed. Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (vol. 5) (New York, NY: Harper and Brothers, 1912)
Courtesy the private collection of Roy Winkelman


Generating molecular and biotechnological tools for date palm provides the first step toward understanding and improving the mechanisms of adaptation to desert conditions. Establishing palms from a homogenous tissue culture to maintain pure lines will allow the preservation and improvement of local cultivars. This project builds multiple tools that will enable the establishment of robust date palm breeding programs in the KSA. This includes 1) stable transformation protocol, 2) reducing the generation time, 3) obtaining and analyzing high-quality genomic information, and 4) developing methods for rapid sex determination. These are the first steps toward establishing date palm breeding in the KSA, to develop fast, fit palms. Furthermore, knowledge from date palm can be transferred to other crops, which will also contribute to improving desert agriculture.


The Strawberry Image - Your Amazing Brain In Action
Posted by Steve Mower on 2nd Mar 2017
Our brains interpret our sensory data by filling in the blanks. Take a look at this image of strawberries for example.
What color are the strawberries? Your brain is probably telling you that they are red or reddish, but there is no red in this image.
"We know that strawberries are red, or at least they should be, so that's what we see. Professor of Psychology Akiyoshi Kitaoka (previously at Neatorama) created this image of strawberries that contains no red pixels at all. This is an example of color correction in our brains. We essentially filter out colors that make no sense to us in order to see things as they should be. Carson Mell isolated the colors found in the strawberries, and none of them are red."
This is a fascinating topic as it goes to the heart of what light is, and how we perceive light as humans. As an optician I find this particularly fascinating. Our brains compensate for a lot of missing visual data. There is more on this post submitted by people that provide other image details. Great read!
By the way, if you are interested in this topic I would strongly recommend watching Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey as much of this fantastic show delves into light and optics. Our understanding of light/energy, optics, and human perception are the cornerstones of modern science.


Project X Origins: Yellow Book Band, Oxford Level 3: Food: Mixed Pack of 5
Part of the Project X Origins series
Project X Origins is a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school.
Action-packed stories, fascinating non-fiction and comprehensive guided reading support meet the needs of children at every stage of their reading development.
Each book contains inside cover notes that highlight challenge words, prompt questions and a range of follow-up activities to support children in their reading. Project X Origins guided reading notes offer step-by-step teaching support for each book with guidance about phonics, comprehension, vocabulary, fluency, spelling, grammar, punctuation and writing.
Each set of notes has in-built assessment and is fully correlated to all UK curricula.
This pack contains 1 set of guided reading notes and 5 reading books, 1 of each of: Gingerbread Micro-man, The Birthday Cake, What's for Lunch?, Stop Pot, Stop!, Yum!.


Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program
Human Genome News Archive Edition
Human Genome News, Jan.-Feb. 1995; 6(5): 17
Four new applications are available from the WWW GDB Browser through the GDB Home Page (http://www.gdb.org).The first three applications are located near the top of the GDB Browser page, and the last is near the bottom.
2013 post-production note: GDB (Wikipedia) is no longer operational. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/guide/human/index.shtml
The electronic form of the newsletter may be cited in the following style:
Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Human Genome News (v6n5).
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international 13-year effort, 1990 to 2003. Primary goals were to discover the complete set of human genes and make them accessible for further biological study, and determine the complete sequence of DNA bases in the human genome. See Timeline for more HGP history.
Published from 1989 until 2002, this newsletter facilitated HGP communication, helped prevent duplication of research effort, and informed persons interested in genome research.


James Temple, 1606-c.1674
Sussex Independent and regicide imprisoned for life at the Restoration.
James Temple was the only surviving son of Sir Alexander Temple of Etchingham in Sussex. In 1627, he participated in the Duke of Buckingham's ill-fated expedition to the Isle of Rhé, during which his elder brother was killed. Around 1629, he married his stepsister Mary, with whom he had five sons and a daughter.
When the First Civil War broke out in 1642, Temple served as captain of a troop of horse under his uncle Viscount Saye-and-Sele in the Midlands. By December 1643, he had returned to Sussex as governor of Bramber Castle. Temple's defence of Bramber halted Lord Hopton's advance through Sussex and forced the Royalists to retreat to Arundel. He was subsequently appointed governor of Tilbury Fort in Essex.
Elected recruiter MP for Bramber in September 1645, Temple emerged as a strong Independent. During the Second CIvil War, he secured Tilbury Fort, which was of vital strategic importance against the Royalist uprisings in Kent and Essex. In January 1649, Temple was appointed to the High Court of Justice that brought King Charles to trial, and was one of the 59 signatories of the King's death warrant. With the establishment of the Commonwealth, he served on various parliamentary committees, but came under suspicion of corruption, which led to his dismissal from the governorship of Tilbury in September 1650.
Temple attempted to escape to Ireland at the Restoration in 1660, but was arrested in Warwickshire and brought to trial as a regicide. He claimed that he had sat on the High Court of Justice in order to pass information to the King's friends and that he had begged Cromwell not to execute the King. However, he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Jersey, where he died around 1674.
J. T. Peacey, James Temple, Oxford DNB, 2004


Translation of climate in Spanish:
- (Geography) the political/intellectual/artistic climateel clima político/intelectual/artísticoin the current climateen la situación actualExample sentences
- During climate extremes, whether droughts or flooding rains, those on the land feel it most.
- A monsoon climate of alternating wet and dry seasons characterizes the weather.
- A microclimate describes the climate of a small environment such as a town, forest or garden.
- Because chili peppers thrive in very warm, hot climates, equatorial regions seem to have the heaviest concentration of pungent cuisine.
- A common example is the relatively faster rate of sugar increase in warm to hot climates compared to flavour increase and acid decrease.
- Also known as elephant's ear, this water lover does best in warm climates; in colder regions, you can grow it indoors.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


Combating Climate Change
As the former president of an Illinois company that researches and develops solar energy technology, Raja understands both the science and economics of climate change, and he knows that the time for America’s clean energy future is now. A cleaner environment and a stronger economy are not competing goals, as many in Congress seem to believe. Instead, nations that lead the way in developing clean energy technology today will gain a competitive advantage in creating the high-paying jobs of tomorrow.
The Paris Agreement among 195 nations provides a framework for global action on the climate, and the U.S. is well positioned to lead the way. Unfortunately, President Trump is attempting to block this progress, having announced America’s withdrawal from this historic agreement. Many members of Congress have also claimed that the human contribution to climate change is unproven. This is absurd, as the vast majority of scientists and experts agree that global climate change is man-made.
Now is the time to combat this global threat in a smart way that saves our environment while preserving and creating jobs. Raja’s first resolution in Congress, H.Res.85, sought to compel the White House to stay within the Paris Agreement and to work with US allies that signed the Paris Agreement to combat climate change. Even though President Trump has initiated withdrawal, Raja remains hopeful that this action can be reversed after the next election. America, in concert with other countries, must work to reverse the damage being done to the global environment.


You must have Credits on your Balance to download this sample
Why should we read the book of job today?
Religion and Theology
Pages 6 (1506 words)
Of all the gospels in the Bible, the Book of Job is perhaps the most praised in literature. Proof of this are these remarks from writers like Victor Hugo: “tomorrow, if all literature was to be destroyed and it was left to me to retain one work only, I should save Job” (as quoted in Copeland 2006:3) and Daniel Webster: “The Book of Job taken as a mere work of literary genius, is one of the most wonderful productions of any age or of any language” (as quoted in Copeland 2006:3).
More than a masterpiece of literature, however, the Book of Job it provides an insight on the nature of God, on the relationship of God and man, and a criticism to man’s understanding of God’s laws. Most people would say that the Book of Job provides man a guideline on how to suffer (Copeland 2006; Goldberg 2010), but it is more than that. It serves to answer three of the most difficult questions on suffering: What is suffering? Why do people suffer undeservedly? What kind of lessons can be taken from suffering? ALL ABOUT THE BOOK OF JOB According to Mark Copeland (2006), the Book of Job belongs to the Books of Poetry, along with Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. Just like the others, it is written in poetic style. Its author is unknown and the date of writing has been hotly debated among scholars. ...
Not exactly what you need?


In the Islamic economic system, all economic activities are grouped into permissible (Halal
) and prohibited (Haram) transactions.
Economic goods, food items, inheritance, inheritor’s properties, rights, etc., all have their rulings spelt out in the Quran.
1. Haram in Consumption:
Islam has given a detailed code of rules concerning permitted and prohibited forms of spending.
• Extravagance and dissipation.
• Spending on luxuries.
• Spending wealth on liquor or other narcotics, pork.
• Islam insists that lawful means should be adopted for spending wealth in permitted ways. The use of unlawful means for lawful spending of wealth has been absolutely forbidden. The basic principle laid down in this regard is that only permitted and pure things should be used to satisfy needs.
2. Haram in the Production of Wealth:
Islam explains in detail the right and wrong means of earning wealth.
• Income derived from the manufacture, purchase, or sale of all unlawful and banned items is Haram.
• Income derived from the following is Haram (unlawful):
Bribery, expropriation, fraud, deception, telling lies, plunder, stealing, robbery, Riba, whoredom, arts, and activities calculated to spread licentiousness, businesses involving injustice, and superstitious arts such as sorcery.
• Income from monopolistic exploitation is Haram (unlawful).
• Wealth earned by the hoarding of goods with the intent to raise their prices is Haram (unlawful).


Most of what you read in the New Testament has a counterpart in the Old Testament. For example, the “love your enemies” principle is found throughout the entire Bible
If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee (Proverbs 25: 21, 22 KJV).
If you come across your enemy’s ox or donkey wandering off, be sure to take it back to him. If you see the donkey of someone who hates you fallen down under its load, do not leave it there; be sure you help him with it (Exodus 23: 4, 5 NIV).
And the king of Israel said unto Elisha,when he saw them [the enemies of Israel], My father, shall I smite them? Shall I smite them? And he [Elisha] answered, Thou shalt not smite them: wouldest thou smite those whom thou hast taken captive with thy sword and with thy bow? set bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink, and go to their master (II Kings 6: 21, 22 KJV)
Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good (Romans: 12: 19-21 KJV).
Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you; (Matthew 5: 43, 44 KJV).


Studies have shown that IBS and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) commonly coexist together in patients more often than what had previously been believed.
A study, which was published in the August 2008 edition of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, investigated the relationship between both IBS & GERD.Below is some information on the actual study:
The General Practice Research Database was used to identify patients with a first diagnosis of GERD (n = 6,421) or IBS (n = 2,932). Patients were followed up for 12 months after diagnosis to investigate the incidence of IBS among GERD patients and GERD among IBS patients.
The relative risk (RR) of developing IBS was 3.5 (95% CI: 2.3-5.4) in the GERD cohort compared with the comparison cohort [Note: a relative risk of 1.0 would mean no difference. The RR of developing IBS for these GERD patients was 250% greater than normally expected.] The RR of developing GERD was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.7-4.9) in the IBS cohort compared with the comparison cohort.
Once someone is first diagnosed with IBS or GERD, their risk of developing the other condition significantly increases.


Problem-solving, cognition and numeracy
At Iqra, we use a Singapore Maths approach to enhance our children’s understanding of number and their ability to think around the subject, articulate their thinking and develop their strategies to solve calculation problems, word problems and ability to analyse data.
Mathematical thinking skills enable students to solve problems, which as well as supporting independent living skills, provides the pleasure and sense of achievement of finding the right answer to a question. Early mathematical skills enable students to access many valued social activities and experiences, such as games, sports and music, and to attain a level of independence and autonomy in practical living.
Our maths work produces end of key stage (SATs) results and has been recognised in both 2016 and 2017 at ministerial level.


Worry About Kids When They Go Out Alone
Know Where Your Loved Ones Are
View Kids' Real-Time Location
Track the current location of your kids. Stop calling kids "where are you?" all the time.
- Grasp your kids' real-time location at any time.
- Check if your kids are in school or at home as required.
- Know if your kids go to a strange and unsafe place.
Check Location History
View location history timeline to know kids' past routine. Never yell at your kids: "Where have you been?" again.
- View your kids' recent activity area.
- Know where they were at a certain time.
- Learn where your child often goes.
Set Safe Geo-fences
Create Geofences like "school" or "home" around specific locations. Get notified when kids break planned routines.
- Set the scope of kids' activities.
- Set up a geo-fence and set the time range.
- Receive an alert when the kids leave the set place.
FamiSafe has won awards from The National Parenting Center, National Parenting Product Awards, and Mom's Choice Awards in 2020.
More Features About FamiSafe
Manage up to 30 devices and cross-platform
More Tips for Kids Location Tracking
Teach kids outside skills
Tell kids not to go out with strangers; make sure that kids' devices are powered and can be used normally when going out.
Remember key information
Let kids remember important information about family members, such as home address and phone number, in case of emergency use.
Learn to use maps
Teach kids some basic knowledge of reading maps, how to use map navigation and how to find directions when they get lost.
Observe the surroundings
If your kids go out alone, please instruct them to observe the surrounding. Besides, never go to strange places alone.
Prepare the alarm
Teach kids to whistle, if they are in danger, whistling to attract the attention. For older kids, you can buy them the self-defense spray.
Go out with acquaintances
Encourage your kids to go out with friends or reliable people, and leave contact information for partners who go out with them.


Time in School Definition
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) requires states to annually review the performance of schools to determine if adequate yearly progress (AYP) is being made. AYP measures the percentage of students meeting or exceeding the state’s academic achievement standards to determine if schools are narrowing the achievement gap. Under New Jersey’s Single Accountability System, which was developed to address critical accountability elements of NCLB, schools must identify students who have not been enrolled for a full academic year, so the assessment results of these students can be excluded from the school’s accountability profile. New Jersey’s Consolidated State Application Accountability Workbook, submitted to and approved by the United States Department of Education (USDE), defines a full academic year as the "term that begins on July 1 and ends on or about June 30." The workbook states, "Any student enrolling in a school or district for the first time after July 1, up to the test administration date, will not have been considered to be enrolled for a full academic year."
- A student is considered in school less than a year (TIS<1) if the student has changed his/her residence and changed their school, that is, moved into the district or moved within the district, by July 1.
- TIS<1 does not apply if the residence of the student did not change, but the assigned school changed, either due to new school construction, district reconfiguration, or natural progression of grade span or intra-district school choice option.
- TIS<1 applies if the residence of the student did not change, but the assigned school changed due to a charter school, private school, private transfer or inter-district school choice option transfer change.


Another factor contributing to the survival of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri is the location of the city.
As Oxyrhynchus lies on a branch of the Nile, rather than on the bank of that mighty river, the city is spared from the river’s annual inundation.
Amongst these items were texts written on papyri that the people of Oxyrhynchus no longer wanted.
The city of Oxyrhynchus (meaning ‘sharp-nosed’ in Greek) is located in the Minya Governorate in Upper Egypt, 160 km (99 mi) to the southwest of Cairo.
Whilst other writing materials, such as vellum and parchment, are also known to be durable, papyrus could be produced cheaply as well.
This means that papyrus has a high chance of surviving in the archaeological record.
First, they have works of ancient literature that are not known to have survived anywhere else in the world.
Additionally, there are many texts that provide an insight into everyday life in Egypt, Greece, and Rome.Additionally, when the canals dried up, the water table fell and never rose again.


On the colour wheel there are three greens. The first is the secondary color Green which is made when combining the primary colours of Green and Blue. The other two greens are blue green and yellow green which are found on the tertiary wheel. Blue green is made by combining blue and green, and yellow green is made by combining yellow and green.
Green occupies more space in the spectrum visible to the human eye than most colors. According to surveys the world over, green is the second most popular colour after blue.
Green is considered the color of persuasion and signifies the color of peace and ecology. Green is considered the color that soothes the human mind and helps to ease the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Around the world, the color green is used to represent safety. Green symbolises “safety to continue” on traffic lights and is used in traffic lights. Green is the color used for night-vision goggles because the human eye is most sensitive to and able to discern the most shades of that color.
Environmental and ecological political supporters will often use green to represent their beliefs and policies.
We use the word green to describe many different situations and actions. Here’s a few:
Popular songs with the word green.
Creating Quilts with the color Green
Green is one of the cooler colors in landscape design and it brings a very soothing element to the color scheme of your quilts.
The color green visually recedes; helping greens used in small spaces appear larger.
The color green occupies the centre of the spectrum of visual light, halfway between red and violet. Green is the easiest color for the eye to detect, which makes it restful on to look at.


The Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, was listed at No. 12 in a BBC History magazine poll where readers ranked the top 100 women in history who changed the world.
Results from the BBC History magazine poll, revealed on Thursday, were gathered from experts in 10 different fields of human endeavors who each nominated 10 women they believed had the biggest impact on world history.
“We then gave you, our readers the opportunity to vote for your favorite figures from that list. The results — presented here — may well provoke debate,” BBC admitted as it presented the list, though did not reveal how many readers voted.
At the top of the list came Polish-French physicist and chemist Marie Curie, who won a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.
Curie and her future husband, Pierre, identified two new elements, radium and polonium, during their time at a university in Paris. Curie would go on to fund laboratories and to develop cancer treatments in the U.S. and Europe after her husband died.
During World War I, she would also equip ambulances with X-ray equipment, and drive them to the front lines.
“The odds were always stacked against her,” says Patricia Fara, president of the British Society for the History of Science. “In Poland her patriotic family suffered under a Russian regime. In France she was regarded with suspicion as a foreigner — and of course, wherever she went, she was discriminated against as a woman.”
Second on the list was U.S. civil rights icon Rosa Parks, who in 1955 challenged racial segregation in Alabama by sitting in a whites-only section of a bus and refusing to move.
Click here to read more.
SOURCE: Christian Post, Stoyan Zaimov


You are not currently logged in.
Access your personal account or get JSTOR access through your library or other institution:
If you need an accessible version of this item please contact JSTOR User Support
Art Activities for Mentally Handicapped Children
Richard G. Wiggin
The Journal of Educational Research
Vol. 54, No. 7 (Mar., 1961), pp. 251-258
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27531021
Page Count: 8


- noun an electromagnetic wave that has constant frequency and amplitude and is not produced in pulses
- An electromagnetic wave whose frequency, phase, and amplitude are constant Also known as Type A wave.
- One of multiple waves which are transmitted continuously, as opposed to intermittently or pulsed.
- acronym CW
Not what you were looking for?


Am I at risk of heart disease?
Risk factors for heart disease include:
Things you can't change:
- age and gender (women who are past menopause and men older than 55 years are at higher risk)
- ethnicity (people of African, South Asian, and First Nations descent are at higher risk)
- family history (people who have family members who have had strokes or heart attacks before age 60, have or have had angina, or are prone to developing high blood pressure or high cholesterol are at higher risk)
Things you can change or get treatment for:
- high cholesterol
- high blood pressure
- high levels of CRP (C-reactive protein, a protein the body makes when there is inflammation)
- sedentary lifestyle (not enough exercise)
- obesity or being overweight
- consuming too much alcohol (more than 3 drinks per day or 15 drinks per week for men, and more than 2 drinks per day or 10 drinks per week for women)
- metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors for heart disease that tend to be found together, including a large waist size, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar – if you have 3 or more of these risk factors, your doctor may diagnose you with the metabolic syndrome)
Concerned about your risk of heart disease? You can calculate your risk here, and talk to your doctor about what you can do to reduce your cholesterol and your risk of heart disease.


Caledonia, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.county, northeastern Vermont, U.S., bounded on the southeast by New Hampshire, the Connecticut River constituting the border. Piedmont terrain occupies most of the county except the northeastern corner, which lies in a highland region. The principal waterways are the Passumpsic, Lamoille, Wells, and Moose rivers, as well as Lake Groton, Harvey Lake, and Peacham Pond. The main species of timber are spruce, fir, white pine, and hard maple. Recreational lands include Groton and Willoughby state forests and Burke Mountain Ski Area.
The county, formed in 1792, was named Caledonia—the historic name of Scotland through the 11th century—because many early settlers were Scottish. The county seat is St. Johnsbury, which developed into a manufacturing centre after the arrival of the Fairbanks family in the early 19th century; Thaddeus Fairbanks invented the platform scale in 1830. The family founded St. Johnsbury Academy (1842), the Athenaeum (1871), and the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium (1889).
The county’s economy now rests primarily on manufacturing, retail trade, and health care services. Logging and maple sugar production are also important. Area 651 square miles (1,686 square km). Pop. (2000) 29,702; (2010) 31,227.


*• * * • The Delicate Cuckoo
A number of very melancholy finds have been made by keepers and others in my part of the country. They have picked up the bodies of many dead birds, most of them cuckoos. The birds were very numerous. On every side "the ribald
• cuckoo clamoured "—in Robert Bridges' phrase. Today it is almost an event to hear his dissyllable. It seemed likely that some of the young birds would suffer from untimely cold ; and in Scotland at any rate young robins were killed in quantity ; but these cuckoos were not young but old. So far as my experience goes it is rare for a big bird to be killed by cold even in the winter which decimates the tiniest of all birds, the long-tailed tit, and destroys thousands of
redwing. For a grown bird to be killed in the middle of May is a calamity unrecorded in the countryman's annals. It seems to be proof that the preservation of life itself compels birds to migrate to the south. Not only the food problem is involved, though the cuckoo is one of the most highly specialized of dietetists.


Today's fascinating Friday takes us back to 1793 when Major Thomas Balfour (father of author Mary Brunton) was recruiting for the Orkney and Shetland Fencible Battalion. This list pertains to 19th July - 24th November of that year.
This list contains names of men, their age, height, colour of hair, eyes and complexion, trade, where born and date of attestation. The description of the men helped in the gruesome but necessary task of identifying them if they died in battle. But now this information is highly valuable for family history researchers who can find out what their ancestors looked like in a time long before photographs.
For example: Thomas Craigie, aged 25, was 5 feet 4 inches tall, with brown hair, grey eyes and a fresh complexion. His trade was labourer. He was born in Rousay in the County of Orkney and enlisted on 19th July 1793.
And these lists do not just list men from Orkney or Shetland:
Alexander Sutherland, aged 37, was 5 feet 4 inches tall, with brown hair, brown eyes and a dark complexion. His trade was weaver. He was born in Thurso in the County of Caithness and enlisted on the 20th July 1793.
Donald McKay, aged just 14, was 5 feet 1 inch tall, with black hair, brown eyes and a fair complexion. His trade was labourer. He was born in Tongue in the County of Sutherland and enlisted on the 26th Oct.
We have found a quite few of these lists in the Balfour of Balfour & Trenabie papers and have recently been passing copies onto the wonderful volunteers of the Orkney Family History Society who have agreed to transcribe them for us. Hopefully we will be able to add this information to one or both of our websites in the future. Watch this space!
Archive Reference: D2/22/1


We have been working on adjectives, describing words and properties of matter. To help practice these skills I created this fun little activity to do around Valentine's Day. The nice thing about this project is most of it can be done at home (the actual decorating of the heart) and then it only takes a little class time to work on the adjective thinking map and descriptive sentences.
Here's how the activity works:
First my students will decorate a large heart. They will do this part at home and can be as creative as their little minds will allow them using stickers, paint, glitter, glue, etc…
Then they will bring their hearts to class (hidden in a folder or bag) and fill out their adjective thinking map. Once that is done they will write some descriptive sentences and try to get the class to guess which heart is theirs!
Please visit my Teacher's Notebook store to pick up the packet if you'd like to do this with your students!


Flamingo One Step Closer To Being Considered A Floridian Bird
The state wildlife agency is taking the next step toward establishing — or re-establishing — the American Flamingo as a Floridian bird.
Flamingos had been considered a non-native exotic species for decades, and were listed that way on the state wildlife website. Birds that people saw flying around were thought to be captives that had escaped.
But last year, a group of South Florida scientists published a paper arguing that flamingos should be considered native Florida birds. The scientists, led by Zoo Miami, looked at historical records, museum collections, local sightings of birds tagged in the wild and decades of reports from South Florida birders.
And they petitioned the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to evaluate their status. That could lead to them being listed as threatened, or a species of special concern.
If they are listed, "it would encourage the state to take action on their behalf to protect the population," said Steven Whitfield, conservation biologist at Zoo Miami and lead author of the paper on flamingos.
"They would have to decide what kind of action plan for the species they choose," he said. "That could be increased protection for flamingoes or it could be some kind of recovery plan."
If the board that oversees the wildlife agency agrees, a group of three to seven biologists will review the status of flamingos. That review could be completed by next year.
Copyright 2020 WLRN 91.3 FM. To see more, visit WLRN 91.3 FM.


‘Method Acting’ is an umbrella term for the different methodologies and techniques of acting.
Method Acting is most associated with Lee Strasberg (1901-1982), master-teacher and artistic director of The Actors Studio. Practitioners of Strasberg’s technique are referred to as “method actors”.
A method actor is actually one who is disciplined, self-aware and able to sensitively approach his work systematically by using the technique(s) that works best for him.
Method Acting equips the actor with a consistent and efficient structure to their work. A methodical approach enables actors to readily access their external talents and internal abilities to “behave truthfully under imaginary circumstances”.


Numerical simulations of the Cordilleran ice sheet through the last glacial cycle
- 1Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- 2Department of Physical Geography and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- 3Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- 4Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Abstract. After more than a century of geological research, the Cordilleran ice sheet of North America remains among the least understood in terms of its former extent, volume, and dynamics. Because of the mountainous topography on which the ice sheet formed, geological studies have often had only local or regional relevance and shown such a complexity that ice-sheet-wide spatial reconstructions of advance and retreat patterns are lacking. Here we use a numerical ice sheet model calibrated against field-based evidence to attempt a quantitative reconstruction of the Cordilleran ice sheet history through the last glacial cycle. A series of simulations is driven by time-dependent temperature offsets from six proxy records located around the globe. Although this approach reveals large variations in model response to evolving climate forcing, all simulations produce two major glaciations during marine oxygen isotope stages 4 (62.2–56.9 ka) and 2 (23.2–16.9 ka). The timing of glaciation is better reproduced using temperature reconstructions from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores than from regional oceanic sediment cores. During most of the last glacial cycle, the modelled ice cover is discontinuous and restricted to high mountain areas. However, widespread precipitation over the Skeena Mountains favours the persistence of a central ice dome throughout the glacial cycle. It acts as a nucleation centre before the Last Glacial Maximum and hosts the last remains of Cordilleran ice until the middle Holocene (6.7 ka).


Wildland firefighters are tasked with combating wildfires and preventing future fires from starting. Wildland firefighting agencies operate at the federal level (National Park Service, Forest Service Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs), the state level (Fish and Game, Land Management, Emergency Services, Fire and Rescue) at the contracting level (Private Wildland contractors, such as Oregon Woods, Inc.) and at the local level where forest land lies within the incorporated area. While some wildland firefighters work year-round and some work only during the fire season, the work is always strenuous and positions are always highly competitive.
Most duties are related to prescribed burning, wildfire suppression, and fire preparedness. These duties include serving as a firefighter or engine operator during prescribed burning and wildfire suppression activities; conducting regular maintenance and repairs on various equipment such as fire engines, tractors, mowers, chain saws, and hand tools; serving as a crew member during fire break preparation which involves rock removal, mowing, trimming, tree and brush removal. You may have the potential to assist federal or state agencies throughout the nation with prescribed burning and wildfire suppression.


What is Aqiqah
Aqiqah, in Islamic terminology, is defined as the animal that is slaughtered on the occasion of child birth. The performance of Aqiqah is highly encouraged. It is to be performed by the parents or the guardians of the child. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions used to perform Aqiqah when they were bestowed with a newborn.
When Should Aqiqah be Performed?
The best time to perform Aqiqah is on the seventh day after the birth of the baby.
What is the Purpose of Aqiqah?
There are many benefits in the performance of Aqiqah. One is the announcing the birth of the baby. Being bestowed a child is a great blessing from the Creator. Another purpose is inviting family members, neighbors, and friends to celebrate the blessed occasion. The poor should be included in the celebration by offering them food and meat served on this occasion.
Types of animals to be slaughtered for Aqiqah
The following is a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) where he advised Aqiqah a goat/sheep.
Narrated Umm Kurz: The Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Two sheep which resemble each other are to be sacrificed for a boy and one for a girl. (Sunan Abu Dawood Book 15, No. 2830)
The condition of the animal for aqiqah
The condition of the animals in Aqiqah is the same as the conditions for the animals in Qurbani. The animals to be slaughtered must be a goats, cows or camels. For camels, it must be older than 6 years, for cows the age must be older than 3 years and for goats, it must be older than 2 years. They must be free from any form of handicap such as blind, sick, limp and undernourished. The animals must be slaughtered in the appropriate humane ways. Celebrate the birth of your newborn and share the joy with your needy brothers and sisters through the Qurban Foundation.


Carbon opals, a form of colloidal crystal, are composed of ordered two-dimensional or three-dimensional arrays of Monodispersed Starburst Carbon Spheres (MSCS). Methods for producing such carbon opals include oxidizing as-synthesized MSCS, for example by heating in air, to increase surface charge. Such oxidation is believed to decrease settling rates of a colloidal suspension, enabling formation of an ordered colloidal crystal. Inverse opals, composed of any of a wide variety of materials, and based on a carbon opal template, have a reciprocal structure to a carbon opal. Inverse opals are formed by methods including: forming a carbon opal as described, impregnating a desired material into pores in the carbon opal to produce a hybrid structure, and removing the carbon portion from the hybrid structure.
|Original language||English (US)|
|U.S. patent number||10099965|
|State||Published - Oct 16 2018|


Science Projects for Kids: Classifying Plants
The plant kingdom contains some of the most fascinating living things around. And what better way to explore the world of plants than with science projects for kids: classifying plants?
These science projects for kids: classifying plants are simple experiments and activities that will introduce you to some interesting features of plant life and help you cultivate a green thumb of your own.
Follow the links below to learn about fun science projects for kids: classifying plants:
Seeds sprout from a barren brick in this science project. Learn more.
Use your drawing and design skills to warn others about dangerous plants.
What would a plant be without the sun? Find out with this project.
Some delicious vegetables come from plants that produce flowers, too. Learn more.
Here are some tips for taking care of your carnivorous plant.
Analyze the pigments that make a leaf green with this colorful project.
See a demonstration of one way that cacti survive in low-moisture environments.
Which way is up? The plants know! Find out more.
Watch what happens when the wilderness reclaims a field.
Hit the books and do your homework on horticulture.
Discover the varieties of life in an ecosystem.
The next science project shows you how to grow grass from a stone.
For more fun science projects and activities, check out:


A meeting of agriculture ministers from 69 countries on Saturday called for higher farm productivity coupled with cultivation of diverse crop types to help beat world hunger.
Global farming needs to maintain a balance between diversity and high output while avoiding monoculture of single crops, said a statement from Germany's Agriculture Ministry after the meeting in Berlin of the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture.
The Berlin meeting called for genetic databanks to be set up to prevent the loss of traditional types of food crops as newly developed seeds replace old varieties.
German agriculture minister Hans-Peter Friedrich said improving food output volumes is not enough to conquer world hunger.
"Preserving agricultural diversity is not a luxury; it is a matter of survival," Friedrich said in a statement. "Plant varieties, once lost, cannot be recovered. We must therefore conserve our genetic resources worldwide on a permanent basis and make better use of them."
Malnutrition caused by an unbalanced diet is also a serious global problem, he said.
The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates that there are still 840 million people suffering from hunger worldwide, Friedrich said.
But a further two billion people are seriously compromised in their development by malnutrition, he said.


The Pleiades was a galactic location. It contained Endymion, a planet in the Kalamith sector of the Outer Rim Territories that was the site of a skirmish between Jedi and Sith during a galaxy-wide war.
Behind the scenesEdit
The Pleiades was fleetingly mentioned for the 2010 book Star Wars Art: Visions as the home for the planet Endymion in Michael Haynes's artwork Skirmish on Endymion. According to Haynes' website, he originally meant for the Pleiades to be a constellation, although this information was ultimately absent from the final version of the book. In real-life astronomy, the Pleiades is an open star cluster located in the constellation of Taurus. A June 12, 2015 update to the Star Wars: The Essential Atlas Companion added an Endymion system in the Kalamith sector of the Outer Rim, though no mention of the Pleiades was made.
- Star Wars Art: Visions (First mentioned)


20. Spiranthes porrifolia Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 467. 1840.
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Chamisso var. porrifolia (Lindley) Ames & Correll
Plants 15–60 cm. Roots few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. Leaves persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending, linear to linear-lanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic, to 34 × 3.5 cm. Spikes usually very tightly spiraled, rarely loosely spiraled, usually 3 flowers per cycle of spiral; rachis glabrous to sparsely pubescent, trichomes less (usually much less) than 0.18 mm, capitate glands often sessile. Flowers ascending, creamy to markedly yellowish, slenderly tubular; sepals connate at base, 4.6–11 mm, apex reflexed-spreading; petals linear-lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, apex reflexed-spreading, obtuse to subacute or subemarginate; lip lance-ovate to lanceolate, 4–9.5 × 1.9–4.3 mm, apex recurved less than to scarcely more than apices of sepals and petals, only slightly or not at all dilated, with subapical dense cushion of peg-shaped trichomes on adaxial surface; veins few to several, branches wide-spreading or often parallel; viscidia linear to linear-elliptic; ovary mostly 2–7.5 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. 2n = 44 .
Flowering May--Aug. Moist to wet riparian meadows, stream banks, marshes, fens, seeping banks; 100--2600 m; Calif., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Wash.


World Math Day
Library Home || Full Table of Contents || Suggest a Link || Library Help
|The World Math Day website provides five- to eighteen-year olds with mental arithmetic questions to solve in competition with other math students from around the globe. Recent World Math Days, which take place in early March, have attracted participation from more than a million students in 160 countries. Also available from http://www.worldmathsday.com/.|
|Levels:||Elementary, Middle School (6-8), High School (9-12)|
|Resource Types:||Problems/Puzzles, Daily/Weekly/Monthly Challenges, Fun for Kids, Web Interactive/Java|
|Math Topics:||Basic Operations|
© 1994- The Math Forum at NCTM. All rights reserved.


Simplify your life, Organize your environment, Utilize your resources, Prioritize your time
Simplify your life
- Feel at peace living and working in a clutter-free environment.
- Eliminate the procrastination that preventing you from completing projects.
- Make your home and office a well-oiled machine.
Organize your environment
- Take control of your closets, bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, pantries, playrooms, basements, garages, attics, and offices.
- Develop filing and storage systems for managing your paperwork.
- Create a calm and esthetically pleasing space.
Utilize your resources
- Stop wasting money buying multiples of items that you already own but can’t find.
- Recycle and repurpose your supplies for environmentally friendly and cost effective organization.
- Learn to maximize the space you have.
Prioritize your time
- Eliminate time wasted trying to searching for missing items such as financial records, clothing, and contact information.
- Stop being late for work, friends, and the family because you can’t find you shoes, phone, or keys.
- Learn to create lists to efficiently pack, shop, or plan family activities.


Drooping Eyelid Underlying Cause
The most common cause of drooping eyelid is old age. The normal aging process can weaken the muscles around the eye that keep the lid open. In addition, the skin around the eyelid loses elasticity. Both of these processes can lead to drooping eyelid.
Temporary swelling of the eyelid can cause drooping eyelid.
Conditions that cause swelling of the eyelid include:
The eyelids are held open by muscles in the face. The brain sends signals to nerves that stimulate the muscles. If these signals are interrupted, the muscles become weak and drooping eyelid can occur.
Conditions that can interrupt these signals include:
- Bassin RE, Putterman AM. Ptosis in young adults. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2002 Spring;42(2):31-43.
- Finsterer J. Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003 May-Jun;27(3):193-204.
- Gausas RE, Goldstein SM. Ptosis in the elderly patient. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2002 Spring;42(2):61-74.
- Lee V, Konrad H, Bunce C, Nelson C, Collin JR. Aetiology and surgical treatment of childhood blepharoptosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Nov;86(11):1282-6.
- Thakker MM, Rubin PA. Mechanisms of acquired blepharoptosis. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002 Mar;15(1):101-11.


15 and one-half miles southeast of US 93, 4 miles south of its junction with US
50 and 6; 37 miles southeast of Ely.
A post office and school known as Shoshone were located about
1½ miles north of Minerva. Two old log cabins, a turn of the
century house and a newer home can be seen today on this private
ranch. The site is now called the Shoshone Ranch. During the
duration of nearby Minerva, miner's children
attended school at Shoshone.
The Swallow Brothers owned
the Ranch. Ranch buildings exist today besides the buildings
shown in the pictures below. This property raises large
amounts of hay and has an extensive watering system to water
the crop. The hay is then baled in ton rolls and stored in
various places on the ranch property.
Silver was discovered in
this area in 1869 but separating it from the gangue rock was
difficult because of an heavy white mineral which was
found within the silver ore. This substance was much later
identified as scheelite, an ore containing tungsten. World
War I created a demand for tungsten to harden steel.
When the war was over, demand disappeared and tungsten
mining in the area ceased until the 1930's. Some activity
took place in the 1950's.
During the depression,
Paul Sirkegian, Consolidated Copper Company's General
Superintendent at Kimberly, Nevada, organized the
incorporation of the Tungsten Metals Corporation to mine and
mill the tungsten in the Minerva Mining District. This
company built the townsite of Minerva on land sold to them
by the Swallow Brothers.
The large spring and pond
located in the stand of tall trees just to the west of the townsite
of Minerva owned by the Shoshone
Ranch provided the domestic and
mill water for that small village.


Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to curdling: curdling blood
v. cur·dled, cur·dling, cur·dles
a. To change into curd.
b. To become congealed or lumpy: The sauce curdled in the pan.
2. To become spoiled or transformed into something bad: Warm feelings curdled into distrust.
1. To cause to curdle, congeal, or become lumpy: "The inlet was curdled with slush" (Alyson Carol Hagy).
2. To cause to be spoiled or transformed into something bad: "an event that curdled whatever goodwill the prince had awakened" (Julia Whitty).
[Frequentative of curd.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||curdling - the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid|
blood clotting, blood coagulation - a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)
natural action, natural process, action, activity - a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity"
thermocoagulation - congealing tissue by heat (as by electric current)
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.


Teacher leader designs and facilitates active-learning professional learning experiences for teachers.
This study examines the effects of different characteristics of professional development on teacher learning and finds that one of the three core features of effective professional development experiences is the opportunity for active learning (Garet, Porter, Desimone, Birman, Yoon, 2001).
A study of the review of the literature about active learning found support for all forms of active learning examined. (Prince, 2004)
In a report analyzing instructional approaches where college educators used traditional methods and active learning methods, data revealed that students perceived greater learning gains after actively learning content compared to covering the same content through traditional methods. (Bonwell, Eison, 1991)
To earn this micro-credential, you must receive a passing evaluation for Parts 1 and 3 and a “Yes” for Part 2.
Please submit several artifacts that were created while developing and facilitating active professional learning (such as links to writing, audio, images, video, or other products) including such items as:
Provide a reflection on your experience, using the following questions as guidance:
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)


Alqueva Multipurpose Project (EFMA) has changed the operation of a vast agricultural area, for which water is the main limitation. Its supply now come from a number of reservoirs that are connected to each other and to a common source, the Alqueva Reservoir.
The change from dry to irrigated agriculture or just a change in water source in irrigated areas can influence the soil, and the changes must be monitored.
Firstly, the benchmark position is characterised before any supply of water from the EFMA so that the soil characteristics in the irrigated area can be monitored throughout the life of the associated irrigation project.
It is hoped that the combined results of soil and water monitoring and all available information in each infrastructure area will foster sustainable agricultural development, conservation of natural resources and the renewed agricultural potential that EFMA offers.


Sun, 28 July 2019
Today's topic is anger. Rabbi Evan Moffic presents 5 practices that we can use to deal with our anger. The danger with anger is we lose control, we respond in a way that we regret and closes the door on future interactions on the matter. Listen in as Rabbi Moffic explains how Solomon deal with these issues, both in good and bad ways, and learn how to productively handle your angry moments.
[2:37] We are a society that thrives on anger
[6:21] We can't always control our feeling of anger, but we can control what we do with it
[9:26] Dealing with anger involves getting outside the prism of "I"
[14:02] It's critical to remember that our perspective isn't the only one
[18:38] The most important part of dealing with your anger is not losing yourself when it first springs up


While early thresholds were made of wood or other natural materials, today's thresholds often include aluminum or vinyl as part of their makeup. These strips not only keep drafts, inclement weather, dust and insects at bay, they also protect the framing under the door.
Video of the Day
While there are a wide variety of thresholds available, they can be divided into four main categories: saddle, panic, interlocking and vinyl top. Within these categories are numerous variations to fit almost any door style, location and use.
By far the most common type of threshold in use today, the saddle-type threshold is a raised piece of wood or other material placed between the bottom of the door and the floor. Often used with a door sweep -- a strip of rubber or metal fastened to the bottom of the door -- this threshold can be adapted to most doors. Many thresholds of this type have a metal strip running along the top of them for added protection. Specially designed saddle-type thresholds can keep fires from spreading.
The panic threshold is found in public buildings. As its name implies, it is used with doors that swing outward in conjunction with a vertical rod that engages the device and allows the doors to open freely in panic situations. Many municipalities have building codes that govern this type of threshold.
The vinyl-top threshold is very similar in style and design to the saddle-type. This type of threshold has a vinyl strip on its top to provide a stronger seal against weather and drafts. While it does provide more protection, it is rarely found in public buildings as it tends to wear out faster in high-traffic areas.
Most commonly used with inward swinging doors exposed to weather such as those on motel rooms, interlocking thresholds have an L or J hook on the bottom of the door that locks into the threshold. While this arrangement does provide protection, rocks, ice and mud can get lodged in the hook, lessening its ability to seal well.


A nudge corresponds to any procedure that influences choice architecture, without using persuasion or financial incentives. Nudges are effective in increasing vaccination with heterogeneous levels of acceptability. To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a nudge promoting influenza vaccination for general practice trainees, also called residents. The hypothesis was that a reminder would be efficient and accepted and that prior exposure to a nudge increases its acceptability. Residents were randomly divided into three parallel experimental arms: a nudge group, a no-nudge group and a control group in order to evaluate the Hawthorne effect. The nudge consisted of providing a paper form for the free delivery of the vaccine and contacts for occupational health services. The analysis included 161 residents. There was a strong consensus among the residents that it is very acceptable to nudge their peers and patients. Acceptability was better with residents exposed to the nudge and with residents included in step 1 (Hawthorne effect). The nudge did not increase vaccination coverage. The failure of this nudge highlights the importance of matching an intervention to the population’s needs. The experimental approach is innovative in this context and deserves further attention.
Reference link- https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-abstract/38/4/410/6121944


A recently released NOAA-funded study reveals that ocean water off the United States' Northwest coast holds trace amounts of caffeine. The discovery, it turns out, although hilariously cliché given the region's reputation as a coffee Mecca, home to iconic brands such as Starbucks and Seattle's Best Coffee, plus countless boutique cafés and artisan roasters, is no laughing matter.
According to Portland State and Washington State University scientists, it's not so much the abundance of coffee drinkers who call the Pacific Northwest home that's behind the contamination, as much as it is how their waste is handled.
You see, caffeine is a substance that the body quickly absorbs, but does not store or accumulate. So, all caffeine eventually has to go (just as all humans do) somewhere . Thus, researchers from both universities believe that sewer- and septic-related runoff is directly responsible for the presence of caffeine in Northwest coastal zones.
Over a period of two years, the researchers collected samples from locations along the coast. They found that caffeine levels spiked following area storm surges, suggesting sewer overflow. According to Portland State University professor Elise Granek:
The results suggest that wastewater treatment plants are effective at removing caffeine, but that high rainfall and combined sewer overflows flush the contaminants out to sea. The results also suggest that septic tanks, such as those used at the state parks, may be less effective at containing pollution.
And, just in case you were looking for an argument, Granek adds:
Caffeine is found in many food and beverage products as well as some pharmaceuticals, and caffeine in waterways is directly related to human activity. Although many plant species produce caffeine, there are no natural sources of the substance in the Pacific Northwest. The presence of caffeine in ocean water may also signal additional pollution such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
For more read Portland State University's report here.


A choice a person makes about how to live and behave, according to their attitudes, tastes, and values: the programme taught participants how to make better lifestyle choices
More example sentences
- Students took a quiz consisting of thirteen questions designed to assess their lifestyle choices.
- Being single or childless can be a lifestyle choice or a consequence of circumstances beyond an individual's control.
- Getting youngsters to make healthy lifestyle choices is the goal of this group.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: life|style choice
Definition of lifestyle choice in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


A porphyria is a group of rare inherited blood disorders that affect the skin and nervous system. People with these blood disorders have problems making a substance called heme in their bodies.
No matter what type of porphyria you have, it shares a common root cause: There is a low level of a specific enzyme generated when producing heme. Therefore, the type of porphyria you may have depends on the enzyme that your body lacks. What’s more, most types of porphyria are inherited.
There’s no effective cure for porphyria, and in most cases, treatment focuses on managing symptoms by medication. It is necessary to avoid sunlight for people living with cutaneous porphyria. For acute porphyria, treatment involves intravenous heme or glucose infusions.
This frequency video will help to relieve:
- Abdominal pain.
- Heart palpitations.
- Pain in the arms and legs.
Welcome to listen to this frequency and share it with your friends and family.
We suggest listening to this at least 2-3 times a day to see a possible effect. And it depends on your needs and personal situation to choose the volume level. We recommend maintaining a moderate volume at a comfortable level to prevent any hearing injury. Make sure you have enough lemon water or pure water to flush the die-offs from your body.


In February 2009, WDDTY told its subscribers that heat treatment is a proven way to kill cancer - and now researchers have demonstrated it in laboratory trials. Cancer cells were altered in one therapy that involved a sustained heat of 43 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes - and the cells started to die when they were exposed to a burst of heat therapy of 50 degrees Celsius for one to two minutes. At that level, there was permanent tissue damage to a prostate tumour, and which led to necrosis, or cell death. The laboratory experiments have been carried out at the Hashemite University in Jordan. In the WDDTY report, other experiments have demonstrated that cancer cells can be killed when exposed to temperatures of 42 to 43 degrees Celsius. (Source: AACR Dead Sea International Conference on Advances in Cancer Research, March 7-10, 2010).


Learning a language provokes students’ curiosity with the world, inspires new experiences, and immerses students in different cultures & traditions. Swan Hill Primary School has been implementing an Indonesian language program since 2015. Foundation to Year Six students are learning Indonesian for 45 minutes each week. It enhances students’ existing English language skills and improves understanding of our multicultural and bilingual community.
Students are engaged in the language through song, games, and special artefacts from Indonesia. Our school sponsors an Indonesian child, who writes to the Junior School Council regularly.


In his majority opinion in Trump v. Hawaii, Chief Justice John Roberts overturned the ruling in Korematsu v. United States (1944) that had stood for nearly three quarters of a century in response to a dissent written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor that drew parallels between the opinion in Trump and that in Korematsu.
Roberts’s opinion in Trump upheld an Executive Order by President Donald Trump to exclude people from several predominantly Muslim countries from traveling to the United States on national security grounds. Koremastu upheld the internement of Japanese Americans during World War II ruling that it was based on “proper security measures” in time of war.
Justice Roberts denied any relation between Trump and Korematsu, but took the opportunity of its mention to overturn Korematsu, quoting a dissent by Justice Robert Jackson. “Koremastu was gravely wrong the day it was decided, has been overruled in the court of history, and—to be clear—’has no place in law under the Constitution.'”
In her dissent in Trump, Justice Sotomayor wrote, “By blindly accepting the Government’s misguided invitation to sanction a discriminatory policy motivated by animosity toward a disfavored group, all in the name of a superficial claim of national security, the Court redeploys the same dangerous logic underlying Korematsu and merely replaces one ‘gravely wrong’ decision with another.”
Learn more about Korematsu v. United States in our film Korematsu and Civil Liberties.


Help your child create a time capsule to be opened next year--or ten years from now.
- Small shoebox
- Current photo of your child
- Current photo of your family
- Other meaningful keepsakes
- Tape or ribbon
Help your child prepare information to put into her time capsule by asking her questions (and writing down her responses if necessary). You might ask about favorite foods, songs, activities, friends, and so on.
Ask your child what she looks forward to in the coming years and what she expects life to be like next year or when she's a teenager or an adult.
When everything is written down, place the paper in a small shoebox along with a current photo of your child, a current photo of your family, and other meaningful keepsakes.
Place the lid on the shoebox and write your child's name on it, the date on which the time capsule is being closed, and the date on which it's to be opened.
Secure the time capsule with tape or ribbon and keep it in a safe place until it's time to open it.


Following Hippocrates’ declaration that knowledge of the spine “is the requisite of understanding many diseases,” this exhibit provides both the casual viewer and the seasoned doctor with a sense of the spine’s important role in the body. “Supporting Structure” highlights previous methods of treating spinal injury, and showcases the technological and surgical advances that have revolutionized the field. Special attention has also been given to noble figures in the history of spinal exploration.
Many objects shown have been drawn from the Museum’s permanent collection, including: rare medical anatomy atlases, archival photographs, manuscripts of prominent surgeons throughout history, a variety of early surgical instruments, and many examples of cutting-edge “hardware” used in modern surgical procedures.
“Supporting Structure” was made possible through the generosity of:


Psychology qualifications vary depending on what kind of work you're looking to do. Clinical, counseling, and research psychologists must typically have earned a doctoral degree, either a Ph.D. in psychology or a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.). These types of psychologists usually complete a one-year internship as part of the doctoral program. School and occupational psychologists need only earn a masters degree in psychology. There are no specific qualifications for the field of your undergraduate degree. However, there are course requirements, such as introductory psychology, experimental psychology, and statistics. All states require independently practicing psychologists to be licensed. Qualifications vary, but generally require a doctorate in psychology, internship, at least one to two years of professional experience, and successful completion of the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology.
As most of your time will be spent speaking with and listening to patients, you'll need strong communication and people skills. Analytical and problem-solving skills are important in your investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients' mental and behavioral disorders. Successful psychologists are also patient and observant of subtle changes in a patient's expressions or mannerisms. Psychologists must display the highest level of trustworthiness when dealing with patients. You will be privy to private and sensitive information about your patients and you must treat this information with the discretion and confidentiality it demands.
A psychologist must have some prior related work experience before practicing without supervision. You'll need to have completed a period of supervised experience, an internship, or residency program before you are even eligible for licensure.
Get Your Degree!
Find schools and get information on the program that’s right for you.
Powered by Campus Explorer


The next day the five thousand who had been fed with the five loaves came around the top of the lake, catching up with Jesus in Capernaum, and they asked him what sign he could do.
What was behind that question was an old believe Jews had heard as children. They had been told that when the Messiah came he would imitate Moses by making bread fall from the sky. Jesus went on to tell them that he himself was the bread come down from heaven.
Now, let me repeat something I always say about that first reading from The Acts of the Apostles.
The young men who argued with St. Stephen, and who would later stone him to death, were identified as “members of the so-called Synagogue of Freedmen.” It is worth our while to know who those men were.
A number of Jewish people were engaged in trade in every port in the Roman Empire, and the Romans had a tricky way of keeping those scattered Jews from causing trouble. From every port they took a few young Jewish men, bringing them to Rome for five-year spells as hostages.
Though those young men were not very religious at first, through being in captivity for being Jews, they usually became quite religious. It often happened that at their release after five years as hostages they found going to Jerusalem to be preferable to going home. They established their own synagogue near the temple.
At the core of their strong Jewishness was the importance they saw in keeping kosher. That had them feeing antagonistic toward the followers of Christ who were eating with Gentiles, and making little of Jewish rules.
When those young men took off their cloaks for throwing stones at Stephen, a Pharisee named Saul watched over the cloaks for them. That man who would become the Apostle Paul, at that time felt he was doing the right thing.This story should teach us to be respectful of those with political and religious views different from ours.


What are Dental Implants?
Dental implants are small screws designed to replace the root of a tooth and restore the physical appearance and the chewing function of patients with partial or full tooth loss. Dental implants are intended for use in either the upper and/or the lower jaw to support prosthetic devices, such as artificial teeth.
To replace a single tooth, a titanium dental implant is first inserted into the missing space. This implant serves as a replacement for the root of the missing tooth and is designed to seamlessly bond with the surrounding bone. A small post is then inserted into the implant and the replacement tooth is permanently fixed to this post. The result is a new tooth that looks perfect and functions exactly like a natural tooth.
Schedule your free consultation to learn all about the dental implant technology that we offer!


Atrial Fibrillation [What you need to know]
Atrial Fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that can cause blood clots, stroke, and other heart complications. There are approximately 2.7 million Americans living with atrial fibrillation.
Some patients have no symptoms and the irregular rhythm is detected upon an exam by their physician. Some of the symptoms are general fatigue, rapid and irregular heartbeat, fluttering in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness, confusion, fatigue when exercising, sweating, and chest pain.
Atrial Fibrillation is treatable. One method of treatment is medications to control the rhythm and heart rate. Many patients are required to take blood thinners in order to prevent blood clot formation. Another option is electrical cardioversion, which can restore the regular rhythm for some patients.
If medications and cardioversion are not successful or preferred, an ablation procedure can be performed. This procedure identifies the origin of the electrical signals causing the irregular heartbeat. A catheter is used to deliver radiofrequency or cryotherapy to scar the problematic area, which restores the heart to regular rhythm.
To reduce your risk of atrial fibrillation eat a healthy diet, avoid excessive amounts of alcohol and caffeine, do not smoke, control your cholesterol, manage your blood pressure, and maintain a healthy weight.
If you have the following conditions, they can contribute to the onset of atrial fibrillation:
- Sleep Apnea
- Thyroid Disease
- High Blood Pressure
- Chronic Lung Conditions
- Family History


A computer problem involving software that has been programmed incorrectly to treat the year 2000 as a non-leap year.
And to add another cruel twist, a number of applications now in use have botched the dating scheme for leap year. Because the year 2000 is divisible by 400, there will be a Feb. 29 in the year 2000 even though there was not one in 1900. As a result, some programs with the Y2K leap year bug will assign erroneous dates every day after Feb. 28, 2000.
Peter H. Lewis, "Exterminating the 2000 Bug From Home Systems," The New York Times, July 21, 1998
Cyber Cassandras flogging the Y2K (Year 2000) scare, the idea that the world will suffer a computer meltdown when the clock and calendar turns into the new millennium on Jan. 1, 2000, got something else to harp about last week. The Y2K leap year bug raised its ugly little head. It turns out that lots of companies that fixed their computers so they won't think it's the year
1900 when the calendar turns (the Millennium Bug) will get tripped up anyway because they forgot that 2000 is a Leap year and 1900 was not.
The Federal Aviation Administration, for example, found that when its
computers are fed flight information for Feb. 29, 2000, they inform the user that there is no such date.
James Coates, "Da mare on da net," Chicago Tribune, February 16, 1998
This problem, a kind of baby brother bug of the much larger Y2K bug, was caused by programmers forgetting that there are actually three rules that determine whether a given year is a leap year:
If the year is divisible by 4, then it's a leap year, unless...
The year is also divisible by 100, then it's not a leap year, unless...
The year is also divisible by 400, then it's a leap year.
Many programmers used only steps 1 and 2, and so concluded that 2000 was not a leap year.


This downloadable Viewer’s Guide tells some of the true story behind the film. Much of this is drawn from the book Unlikely Angel, in which Ashley Smith tells, in her own words, what happened during that fateful night.
In March 2005, Ashley Smith made headlines around the globe when she talked her way out of the hands of Brian Nichols, after he took her captive for seven hours in her home. Brian was facing trial for rape at the Fulton County Courthouse in Atlanta, Georgia, but he had overcome his guard and grabbed her gun. He then killed the judge and other court officials before escaping on foot. Through the long dark hours of the night, after Brian had taken Ashley hostage, she read to him excerpts from The Purpose Driven Life and The Bible, which provided a message of hope for two broken people.
Download this video by right-clicking on this link and choosing ‘save target/link as’
For more education and community resources see ethosmedia.org/captive.
Categories: Ethics, History, Jurisprudence, Mission, Sociology, Theology, Viewer's Guide


This diagram illustrates two block boxes, one above the other, with rectangular clipping regions of different dimensions.
The block boxes (generated for a P element) are identical and depicted with a thick black border and a gray background. A coordinate system has its origin at the upper left corner of each block box. The x-axis increases along the top edge of the P box, the y-axis down the left edge. Both axes depict increments of 5px.
The clipping region of the first P box lies entirely within it, offset 5px from the top and left edges of the P box, and 10px from the right and bottom edges. The clipping region has a thick dashed border and a white background and is labeled "clip region".
The clipping region of the second P box resembles that of the first in style and position, except that the right edge is 5px to the right of the P box's right edge. Thus, the clipping region lies partially outside the P box.
Both block boxes have four red arrows representing the four offsets in the corresponding style rule: one short, vertical arrow labeled "top" goes from the top edge of the block box to the top of the clipping region; one longer vertical arrow labeled "bottom" goes from the top op the block box to the bottom of the clipping region; one short, horizontal arrow labeled "left" goes from the left edge of the block to the left edge of the clipping region; and one longer horizontal arrow labeled "right" goes from the left edge of the block to the right edge of the clipping region.
Return to image.


1 Answer | Add Yours
The doctrine of Judicial Restraint suggests that judges, while in the course of making legal decisions and setting precedents, should limit overturning laws unless that legislation is very obviously unconstitutional. It also has come to be synonymous with judges who adhere strictly to legal interpretations and existing decisions and laws, and who remain dispassionate and impartial when hearing cases.
Judicial Activism, on the other hand, is the exact opposite. Legally it means that a judge takes political and personal considerations into account when making a ruling or writing an opinion. In political exchanges, it has most commonly been associated with a ruling that is merely controversial or unpopular, especially by those on the conservative side of the political spectrum, and it has become something of a misnomer. It is sometimes, therefore, confused with judicial discretion - where a judge can take into account all of the circumstances of the case and sentence or rule with that in mind, as opposed to "legislating from the bench", which is much more rare in my opinion.
We’ve answered 333,468 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question


Universal Primary Education (UPE) is one of the Government of Uganda’s main policy tools for achieving poverty reduction and human development. Broadly speaking, its main objectives are to:
- provide the facilities and resources to enable every child to enter and remain in school until the primary cycle of education is complete;
- make education equitable in order to eliminate disparities and inequalities;
- ensure that education is affordable by the majority of Ugandans;
- reduce poverty by equipping every individual with basic skills.
While the government of Uganda has promised to provide free education to every child, the sad reality is, they are unable to meet this need in the rural parts of the country. In these areas, churches and other non-profit organizations are building up a network of private schools to fill the gap. The parents in rural Uganda often have to choose between educating their children and providing food, healthcare and the most basic of needs. Now, more than ever, we realize how important education is in lifting the children and their families out of poverty.
Because of this, the Presbytery has established the need for new primary schools as their top priority. For this reason, King’s Kids Africa will start its ministry by focusing on orphan homes and primary schools.


TreeDivNet is a global network of tree diversity experiments, which provides a unique platform for research on the relation between tree species diversity and ecosystem functioning in major forest types around the world. Read the first TreeDivNet paper for a comprehensive description of the network, some first research results and future perspectives: Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations (pdf).
TreeDivNet is the largest network of biodiversity experiments worldwide. In total, about 1,040,000 trees were planted in the 18 experiments on a total surface of more than 785 ha. For information on the different experimental plantations, see Experiments.
Forest management goals have changed over time. Highly productive monocultures were aimed for during phases of high wood demand, e.g., during the industrial revolution or after the Second World War. However, there have been always discussions about pros and cons of pure vs. mixed stands. In the last decennia, sustainable forest management and the use of mixed stands again entered the (political) agenda, and several questions arose. Are mixed forests more productive than monocultures? Do mixed forests differ in their regulation of energy, water and material fluxes supporting sustainability? Are mixed forests more resistant to disturbance and pest outbreaks? Do mixed forests allow a higher diversity of associated species?
To study the relation between tree species diversity and ecosystem functioning, researchers have planted tree diversity experiments all over the globe. The experiments in the global network TreeDivNet offer a unique research infrastructure, facilitate synthesis studies, enable transfer of well-founded knowledge to different stakeholders worldwide, and enhance the visibility of research on the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in forests.
|The millionth TreeDivNet tree, a Pinus parviflora, planted in IDENT-Cité|