Augustinians(redirected from Canons Regular of the Lateran Congregation)
Augustinians,religious order in the Roman Catholic Church. The name derives from the Rule of St. Augustine (5th cent.?), which established rules for monastic observance and common religious life. The canons regular, made up of ordained clergy, adopted this rule in the 11th cent. and became known as Augustinian, or Austin, canons. Augustinian canons pursue a life of poverty, celibacy, and obedience without withdrawing from the world. Subsequent orders of canons regular, such as the Premonstratensians, are outgrowths of the Augustinians. The Austin friars are an entirely different group of religious, dating from the 13th cent. (see friarfriar
[Lat. frater=brother], member of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, notably, the Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, and Augustinians. Although a general form of address in the New Testament, since the 13th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Officially known as Hermits of St. Augustine, they now exist in three independent branches—the Calced Augustinian Hermits, the more austere and less numerous Discalced Augustinian Hermits, and the Recollects of St. Augustine. There are also congregations of women corresponding to both canons and friars.


Attached is a Sage worksheet on the simplest global energy balance model. An energy balance model looks at energy in and energy out:
change in temperature = energy in - energy out
Pretty straightforward, eh? Let be the incoming solar radiation (insolation) and be albedo (percentage of sunlight the earth reflects) -- our "energy in" will be . Then we can use Boltzmann's black-body radiation to get "energy out" -- it's , where is our global average surface temperature in kelvins and is Boltzmann's constant. So we get the equation
It is not too hard to use calculus to find a linearization near the equilibrium point of this equation and then do some analysis.
The attached worksheet can be loaded into sagenb.org if you want to work through it without installing Sage:
I'm trying to figure out how to put up a full interactive worksheet; it's not so hard to put up cells, but I'm not sure about a whole Sage file... let me know if you know!


Ireland’s emigration figures are almost twice the global average, with most opting to move to Britain or the US.
New figures reveal that Britain is still the primary destination for Irish-born emigrants with 412,658 now residing there.
The US is the second-most popular nation for Irish emigrants, with 143,571 living there, according to a report from the Central Statistics Office.
The migration figures reveal that as of 2013 a total of 232 million people – 3.2 percent of the population – had moved to another nation.
But the UK-based Irish Post notes that Ireland's rate is almost double the average.
The figures show that while 89,000 people leave Ireland every year, just 55,900 arrive to replace them.
However, the figures also confirm that emigration has slowed in recent years. In 2000 an estimated 850,000 Irish lived abroad, including 500,000 in Britain.
Other popular destinations for emigrants include Australia (77,513), Spain (17,519), Germany (12,375) and Poland (8,136).
New Zealand, which is increasingly popular with Irish emigrants, is the most distant destination at over 11,500 miles from Ireland.
And tiny St. Helena, a far-flung British-owned island off the coast of South Africa, is the nation with the fewest number of Irish-born emigrants – with just two Irish people.


A (properly built) linear feedback shift register of N bits has an internal state that steps through the values 1 to (2^N-1).
Sometimes LFSRs are used to drive RAM addresses in high-speed data collection, because LFSRs are simpler and can be clocked much faster than counters that use grayscale or natural binary codes. Like these other kinds of counters, a particular LFSR always counts through every value in its range exactly once before repeating. It repeats the same sequence of values every time.
LFSRs are used in the GPS satellite transmitters and in CDMA cell phones (both use "direct spread-spectrum communication"). The GPS satellites all transmit at the same time and the same frequency.
LFSRs are used in "spread-spectrum clocking" and PCI Express and a few other physical layer protocols. Without the LFSRs, those protocols would transmit data just as well, but interfere with radio and televisions at one fixed frequency.
I believe a LFSR(code implementation) is sometimes used as a PseudoRandomNumberGenerator by programmers
They are; however their statistical properties are such that they are unsuitable for many applications. For quick and dirty, though, they work fine.
no number in the sequence repeats until the whole sequence repeats
This is a very common property of different kinds of pseudo-random number generators, not just LFSR, and yes, often (not always) desirable.
Plus if you make the register much bigger than the numbers you're extracting, you can get repeat numbers out of it.


ed, the ancient, the mysterious, the persistent Jews.
This is saying much for the Hebrew blood and genius; but have not these Jews given us our moral laws, our spiritual ideals, our sacred faith? Not only the bankers of the world are they, but the formulators of the rules of conduct between man and man, and of that adoring attitude which the enlightened mind should always maintain toward the All-Father. The Jews are the universal people.
If you like ethnology, study the Jews. Study the Germans, too. What peoples they both are--utterly unlike, yet full of the inspiration of thoughts and deeds and persistence. Persistence--there is a word of might it will pay you to ponder over.
Persistence--"stick-to-it-ive-ness." It is a quality better than genius. The Germans have that quality preeminently, and other wholesome and masterful characteristics as well. They are domestic yet warlike, industrial yet artistic, experts in commerce yet disciples of science. Study the Germans!
Though you must not fear crit


Applications are welcome anytime.
Anne Grapin-Botton: “We try to understand how single cells act in a community to generate an organ. What is the contribution of individual cells? What biochemical and mechanical information do they exchange? To do so, we use mouse genetics, live imaging in 3D, transcriptomics, theoretical predictions and more synthetic organoid systems. Organoids enable us to test whether we understand enough to build organs and how they do so. They also open a window into human development, a process normally hidden in the womb. With this knowledge we attempt to gain insight into human syndromes impairing development sometimes causing disease later in life.”
“How do cells form tissues?” We want to understand in-depth the fundamental mechanisms underlying tissue morphogenesis: how this works at the molecular level and how shape, size, and function of both tissues and organisms are determined. We address these questions with a variety of interdisciplinary approaches and technologies. We use different model systems, namely hydra, C.elegans, Drosophila and other insects, zebrafish, and mouse—as well as more synthetic in vitro systems such as organoids, notably to study human tissue formation. We bridge scales, studying biological phenomena at different levels ranging from single-molecules, organelles, and cell types, to the broader level of tissues and organisms.
Our research is directed towards elucidating
- Molecular mechanisms at the sub-cellular level
- Cell shape, cell division, and collective behaviors
- Cell fate and pattern formation during development
- Organogenesis, morphogenesis, and their evolution
For understanding such complex biological phenomena we integrate rigorous quantitative measurements. We combine molecular biology and systematic genome-wide approaches with theory through input from physics, bioinformatics, computer science and mathematics.


In the past, water had different properties than now, and the effects of electromagnetic fields are responsible for cellular level changes. Among other, this leads to water molecule aggregation, which in turn severely hampers water exchange at the cellular level. Solubility of substances of plant origin is also degraded.
Conclusions from the testing to date
- ID’EAU noticeably increases extraction of antioxidants, which remove excess free radicals from the human organism, confirmed by tests using green tea. A marked increase in polyphenol compounds with strong antioxidant effects was noted, which reduces the risk of occurrence of neoplasms and diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- Its use increases solubility – and therefore absorbability – of nutrients of vegetable origin.
- ID’EAU water has a distinct effect on living organisms, which was demonstrated in biological testing of carrot seed health.


|Home > All Tips > Virus Tips
Homeland Security Warning - Patch for Windows
Computers are constantly under attack whether from spyware or virus infections or hackers trying to steal valuable information. If your computer becomes a victim of one of these attacks then it can be used to take part in other attacks or to transfer the infection to other computers on your network.
The Dept of Homeland Security is urging Windows users to apply a patch to protect themselves from possible worm attacks. “Attempts to exploit vulnerabilities in operating systems routinely occur within 24 hours of the release of a security patch” said a statment from the Department.
There is a flaw in the Server Service function of Windows which affects all versions of the operating system after Windows 2000. A buffer overrun could open up a remote code execution risk that could result in your system being taken over by an attacker. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Unpatched systems run a serious risk of being infected by a worm attack. The US-CERT recommends that users make sure their antivirus software is installed and updated, and that they are using a firewall. Additionally, it recommends you don’t open e-mails and attachments from unknown sources.
Download the Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-040 to patch your computer immediately.


an·nex (ə-nĕks, ănĕks′)
tr.v. an·nexed, an·nex·ing, an·nex·es
1. To append or attach, especially to a larger or more significant thing.
2. To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city.
3. To add or attach, as an attribute, condition, or consequence.
n. (ănĕks′, ănĭks)
1. A building added on to a larger one or an auxiliary building situated near a main one.
2. An addition, such as an appendix, that is made to a record or other document.
[Middle English annexen, from Old French annexer, from Latin annectere, annex-, to connect : ad-, ad- + nectere, to bind; see ned- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
an′nex·ation (ăn′ĭk-sāshən) n.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2018 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices
Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:
The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.


Telqamiksultimk aqq Ketlamsitasik Mi’kmawey
Culture and Belief
Skicinuwi Eleyultimok naka Wolamsotomuwakon
English Language Arts
General Curriculum Outcomes
- 1. Students will speak and listen to explore, clarify and extend, and reflect on their thoughts, ideas, feelings and experiences (Activity 1)
- 3. Students will be able to interact with sensitivity and respect, considering the situation, audience and purpose (Activity 2)
- 5. Students will be expected to interpret, select, and combine information using a variety of strategies, resources, and technologies (Activity 3)
Social Studies Specific
Students will :
- 3.2.2 Examine how diverse peoples in their province express their culture (Activity 3)
Associated Text Materials
Grade 3 – My Province
- p.33 – Family
- p.38 – Who are the people of New Brunswick?
- p.50 – How do people share their culture?


Meaning Of Basmala
It is the Basmala that was written first in the Lawh-i mahfûz. It is the Basmala that descended to Hadrat Âdam first. Muslims will pass the Sirât with the help of the Basmala. The Basmala is the signature on the invitation to Paradise. Here is the meaning of the Basmala “I am able to write this book with the aid of Allâhu ta’âlâ who has done favours to every being by creating it, by keeping it in existence and by protecting it against annihilation. The ‘ârifs knew Him as the ilâh. Beings found food through His mercy. Sinners are saved from Hell through His pitying.”
Allâhu ta’âlâ has begun the Qur’ân al-Kerîm with these three names of His because man has three states, namely his state in the world, in the grave, and in the Hereafter. If man worships Allâhu ta’âlâ, He facilitates his works in the world, pities him in the grave, and forgives his sins in the Hereafter.


The Agricultural Act of 2014 provides support to beginning farmers and ranchers by increasing funding for beginning farmer development, facilitating farmland transition to the next generation of farmers, and improving outreach and communication to military veterans about farming and ranching opportunities. ERS has published Agricultural Act of 2014: Highlights and Implications that looks at the Act’s new programs and provisions (see the section on Beginning Farmers and Ranchers).
For over a decade, specific Federal farm programs have targeted assistance based on the characteristics of farm families. This strategy is in contrast to the more typical policy approach of establishing eligibility for farm programs based on crops produced, conservation goals, or disaster relief.
Preferential treatment under one or more farm programs is based on the following personal characteristics of farmers and ranchers:
- Years of farming experience, that is, beginning farmers and ranchers.
- Membership in demographic groups whose members may have been subjected to gender, racial, or ethnic prejudices. These individuals are jointly referred to as socially disadvantaged farmers.
- Farm families with low financial resources, referred to as limited-resource farmers.
ERS research on this topic includes the following:
- Analyzing the financial performance and characteristics of the businesses, operators, and households of beginning, socially disadvantaged, and limited-resource farms.
- Assessing the participation of these "targeted" farms in Federal farm programs and the impact that the preferential treatment given to targeted farmers has on the distribution of program assistance.
- Examining trends in farm business exit and entry.


Team sport is an excellent way to teach kids about cooperation and collaboration. It teaches them that success in life depends on putting the needs of the group ahead of one’s own self-interest, and it helps them learn to respect others. These skills will come in handy later in life when they have to work with co-workers, classmates or other people who may disagree with them.
Whether it’s working together to make a play on the field or court, or sharing ideas and suggestions with teammates for improvements, team sports encourage effective communication. They also help kids learn to listen attentively to others’ opinions, and this is a critical skill in the workplace and other social situations.
Team sports also show kids the importance of hard work and commitment. Many athletes have to juggle practice, games and school or other obligations during the week, and they need to train rigorously to be at their best when they step onto the playing field. This teaches them that hard work pays off, and it’s also an important lesson in how to deal with setbacks, as every athlete experiences losses in their career.
In addition, participating in team sports can be a great stress reliever for kids. It teaches them to enjoy the social aspect of physical activity and build friendships with their peers. It can also keep them physically active and prevent them from developing a health-related problem later in life.


A watched pot never boils
What's the meaning of the phrase 'A watched pot never boils'?
The proverbial expression 'a watched pot never boils' refers to the feeling time seems to go slower when you are anxiously waiting for something to happen.
What's the origin of the phrase 'A watched pot never boils'?
'A watched pot never boils' is one of the homely and improving proverbs that is ascribed to Poor Richard, which was the pseudonym that Benjamin Franklin used when publishing his widely popular annual almanac. Franklin, a tireless and industrious polymath, was fixated on such improving aphorisms and published numerous of them in the guise of Poor Richard between 1732 and 1758. The general theme of the proverbs can be summed up as 'Industry: good; sloth: bad'. They include:
There are no gains without pains.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
Plough deep while sluggards sleep and you shall have corn to sell and to keep.
Have you something to do tomorrow? Do it today.
Amongst many other callings, Franklin was a noted diplomat and during his time as United States envoy to France he was directed by the King to write a report on Franz Mesmer's controversial theory of 'animal magnetism'. In the report, published in 1785, Franklin included this text:
Finally another Breakfast is ordered. One Servant runs for fresh Water, another for Coals. The Bellows are plied with a will. I was very Hungry; it was so late; "a watched pot is slow to boil," as Poor Richard says.
Actually, Franklin ought to have written "as Poor Richard might have said", as the proverb isn't found in any of the Poor Richard almanacs. That's a moot point however, Franklin and Poor Richard being one and the same.
Of course, Franklin was also a celebrated scientist and would have been aware that watching a pot has no effect on how long it takes to boil. Like many of the most effective proverbs, this one is poetic rather than literal.


This course module provides information and describes skills needed for teaming to make a difference at the school site. Effective school teams go through an evolution as they move toward collaboration and productivity. Facilitating higher functioning and higher efficiency means breaking down barriers such as isolation among teachers, and increasing commitment to the school’s mission and vision.
Effective school teams make a difference for students and teachers in a variety of ways, but before colleagues can function effectively as a team, everyone involved must learn how to be a member of a team. When groups of educators work together, evidence shows that students and teachers flourish academically and socially. Team building is an essential skill that allows educators to capitalize on getting results that produce optimal student success. Teaming combines the expertise of many minds, skills and perspectives. The synergy that results from multiple minds at work is typically more effective than the outcome any one person could achieve.
Many educators work in teams as part of a professional learning community (PLC). Professional learning communities provide an extended learning opportunity to foster collaborative learning among colleagues and are often used in schools to organize teachers into working groups. Due to their specialized focus and nature, professional learning communities are also explored in more detail in the ASAP course modules ‘Creating a Learning Community’ and ‘Shared Vision’.
Modules contain pre- and post-tests for self assessment. Feedback from each test identifies chapters where additional review is required.
Each chapter contains a workbook with exercises that you will be asked to complete, and resources you can use for continuous learning.


What is the minimum age for music lessons? In a traditional private music lessons situation and as a general recommendation, we always say students can start learning the piano at 5 years old.
Some students may have success earlier than 5 years old, while others who are over the age of 5, may not be ready to sit one-on-one with a teacher for 30-minutes. For this reason, I never give any absolute recommendations but encourage parents to pay close attention to their child’s lesson experience if they are taking private lessons between the ages of 4 and 7.
The piano, is a good early instrument for young students to learn on for a couple of reasons. Firstly, the piano or keyboard is an instrument that sits on the floor rather than being an instrument that you have to hold. Learning to hold an instrument is a challenge in and of itself for new beginners. Allowing a student to sit at the instrument and play makes it easier for early success. Secondly, making a pleasant sound with the keys is easier than holding and plucking strings or blowing into a horn. Having early success with making nice sounds is critical to holding the attention of young students! Many people who play guitar, bass guitar, saxophone, drums, etc., first stared playing the piano as a young child.
There are some teachers and programs that do a great job with lowering the minimum age for music lessons with their individual skills and techniques. Our Music Together Program is designed to give students a musical experience that will help lead them into private music lessons. We also have certain individuals who are willing to work with students outside of the generally stated minimum ages for various instruments!


Our Restorative Support Programs
Oftentimes, survivors who have experienced on-going trauma or severe situations do not have the opportunity to exercise control over their own creative or expressive passions; thus their creative talents may have been stunted by their experiences. Artistic outlets allow individuals who have experienced violence to process their trauma and build self-esteem while engaging in creative exploration.
Expressive Arts Modalities Utilized at Sanar Include:
- Visual Arts
- Mixed Media
The arts have proven to be an effective and accessible medium for survivors to move through traumatic experiences while developing and actualizing positive paths for their future. The arts also allow survivors to tell stories that they ascertain are important, expanding both their individual and collective narratives of what it means to survive gender-based violence.
Musical Expression Modalities Utilized at Sanar Include:
- Spoken Word
- Lyric Writing


People generally talk about reading and writing together. Certainly, many of the skills that make children successful at one make them good at the other.
For example, one important reading skill that benefits from writing practice is identifying details.
Parents should encourage children to provide details in their own oral and written stories. This will help them become more aware of the way other authors use detail.
One writing exercise requiring details is to have children give directions. Ask them to write very specifically how to get from home to school, or how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.
When children write thank-you notes to friends or relatives, have them describe in detail the item and how they will use it.
Children can also take the clipboard along on family outings. Ask them to describe the “prettiest” thing they see on the trip, or the most “unusual.” Then challenge them to list as many details as they can, including shapes, colors, textures, and impressions.
One way teachers measure improvement in young writers is to look at their use of details. The same is also true for improving reading comprehension: details matter.


Baphomet is a god that the Knights Templar are said to have worshipped. In occult and mystical traditions, it is a symbol of balance because it is half-human and half-animal, male and female, good and evil. A base of fractionated coconut oil holds mugwort, yarrow, lemon oil, sandalwood, white camphor, fine fragrance, and other essential oils and herbs.
People started using the name “Baphomet” in the 19th century when they talked about and made guesses about why the Templars were killed. Modern scholars agree that the name “Baphomet” was an Old French form of the name “Mohammed.” Some people think that some Templars started to believe in Islamic ideas because they had been in the Outremer for so long. The Inquisitors saw this as heresy and wrote it down.


According to PBS, when an average grizzly bear is on all fours, it is about 3.5 feet in height. However, when it rears up on its hind legs, a grizzly can stand between 6 and 7 feet tall.
Grizzly bears are a type of North American brown bear. Males tend to be larger, weighing between 300 and 850 pounds, and females are typically smaller, weighing around 200 to 450 pounds. Despite their size, they are capable of reaching speeds of up to 35 miles per hour. Since bears are omnivores, eating both plants and animals, they sometimes run after food such as rodents, mountain sheep, caribou, elk and moose. In addition, they eat a wide variety of vegetation, including grasses, berries, mosses, roots, nuts and fruits.


A huge iceberg has drifted close to a village in western Greenland, prompting a partial evacuation in case it splits and causes a tsunami.
The iceberg is looming over houses near Innaarsuit village.
Last June, American scientists were in Greenland studying how icebergs break up and the effects on sea levels.
David Holland, Professor of Mathematics and Atmosphere/Ocean Science from New York University says it's very difficult to prepare for this natural phenomena:
"What we saw happen in Greenland is a natural event, ice breaking off. And what it is is we as scientists really don't understand the process by which this happens. It's like predicting earthquakes, it's a very complex underlying physics of large things that break."
A video taken by the team shows how ice can suddenly break off a glacier and form icebergs in the ocean.
Residents of Innaarsuit say the iceberg threatening their village is the largest they've ever seen and are hoping it will just pass by intact.


One of the more striking of the squirrel species, the Albert’s squirrel has dark ear tufts, a gray body with a rusty stripe down its back and bright white undersides.
Habitat: Dependent upon ponderosa pine vegetation.
Food Preferences: Plant materials including leaf buds, acorns, forbs, fungi, and in particular, the seeds of ponderosa pine trees.
Distribution: 5,000–9,000 feet along the Mogollon Plateau and White Mountains.
No fewer than four species and eight subspecies of tree squirrels can be found in Arizona’s forests. Of these, the Abert’s, a tassel-eared squirrel, is the most widespread and contributes most to the annual squirrel harvest.
This squirrel, with its easily discernable ear tufts or tassels, along with its close relative, the black-bellied and white-tailed Kaibab squirrel, are exclusively inhabitants of ponderosa pine forests and the life cycles of the squirrels and the tree are remarkably intertwined.
Less well known is the Arizona gray squirrel and its close relative, the rust colored Chiricahua fox squirrel, both of which inhabit riparian deciduous forests and oak woodlands south of the Mogollon Rim.
Another species is the chicaree, piney or red squirrel (actually more olive or gray than red in Arizona), which is restricted to the higher forests of spruce and fir above 8,500 feet elevation. Both the tassel-eared and gray squirrels average a little under 1.5 pounds in weight, while the diminutive red squirrel averages just over 0.5 pounds.
Abert’s Squirrel Viewing Areas
Abert’s squirrels are commonly found in ponderosa forests, which includes most of the trails in the White Mountains ares. However, you probably don’t need to travel far to find Abert’s squirrels. You can usually find Abert’s squirrels in some of the Pinetop-Lakeside trails and parks, including:


Though Jean Bourdon was an important figure in the early days of New France, there is a lot of confusion over his personal life. Some have even given him three wives (married to two at the same time), and attributed accomplishments long after his death. However, in the days of early settlement, there were two Jean Bourdons, possibly brothers, who were both employed by the Company of 100 Associates. Jean or Jehan (b: 1612 and d: October 23, 1665) was an Attorney, and spent most of his time in France, while Jean-Francois was a Surveyor and former ‘doctor’ (barber at lowest end of the medical profession).
The first was married to Marguerite Legris, but only one son Jacques, would eventually settle in Quebec. His wife and other six children never left Normandy. As for this Jacques; he was born on June 5, 1645 at St. Godard Parish in Rouen, Normandy and died on August 7, 1724 at Boucherville, Quebec. He married Marie Menard, the daughter of the Merchant Jacques Menard and Catherine Fortier. Jacques and Marie had fourteen children.


"Engraved view of the Lontue River, flows initially northwest across the Andes. 1875 edition of Geografia fisica de la Republica de Chile, includes an atlas: Atlas de la Geografia fisica de la Republica de Chile. Text: 22 x14 in 536 pages (Page 356 incorrectly numbered 536), with ""Pissis -- Geografia fisica de la Republica de Chile"" on spine in gilt. In this work he describes in detail the Chilean terrain, comparing it with other South American countries. It also refers to geological formations and meteorology, details the hydrographic basins from Copiapo to Reloncavi, and finally, botanical geography and national fauna. On recto of title page: Corbeil. - Imprenta de Crete Hijo. Atlas: 31x44, includes index,14 sheets of views, some color, 1 table and 7 profiles, with title ""Pissis -- ""Atlas de la geografia fisica de la Republica de Chile"" in gilt on spine. Both volumes bound in red hard covers with vignette of coat of arms of Chile on front cover. Pierre Joseph Aimé Pissis (in Spanish Pedro José Amadeo Pissis), was a French geologist who studied at the School of Mines, the Polytechnic and at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. He carried out geological and mineralogical works in Brazil and Bolivia, then he moved to Chile. In this work he spent 20 years, Between 1848 and 1868, toured the country, emphasizing his recognition of the Atacama Desert. In 1875 he published in Paris his most important work, Physical Geography of the Republic of Chile."


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Data Compression for Multimedia
In comparison to the text medium, video frames have high storage requirements. Audio and particularly video pose even greater demands in this regard. The data rates needed to process and send continuous media are also considerable. This chapter thus covers the efficient compression of audio and video, which will be explained first in theory and subsequently in terms of compression standards.


However, we started Gizmos with a small group of core teachers and also the K-8 Library/Media specialist. We focused on using Gizmos for math and science. Kristen Hill, a 3rd and 4th teacher at Sarah Porter School, was our model teacher for using Gizmos. She used them for several subjects, helped teachers to get started and also demonstrated Gizmos at an Alstead area teachers' meeting. Sadly, Kristen has moved to another district so I will be attempting to explain how effective Gizmos are in demonstrating concepts.
Above are a couple preliminary pictures of Gizmos being used with 3rd and 4th graders.
I was finally able to put this all together and this movie shows our results. The movie speaks for itself. The gizmo that we used was the Growing Plants activity. The goal for the students was to grow a plant by picking a bean and then use virtual water, fertilizer, compost and light to grow the tallest plant.
What is great about Gizmos is what you don't see: students not participating, staring into space, or being disruptive. Even though the plants are not real, the immediate results encouraged every student to not just participate but to also be excited about their learning.
Technology Integration Specialist
Fall Mountain Regional School District


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*On this date, we affirm the institution of Chattel Slavery in the United States of America. This episode was instituted in Puerto Rico and Florida circa 1500 by Spain.
Ponce de Leon, Don Hernan Cortez, Christopher Columbus, and others brokered kidnapped Africans from Africa to support the Middle Passage to the United States. A chattel slave is an enslaved person who is permanently owned and whose children and children are automatically enslaved. Chattel slaves are individuals treated as complete property to be bought and sold.
The breeding of enslaved people in the United States was practice in slave states. Slave owners systematically force the reproduction of enslaved people to increase their profits. It included coerced sexual relations between enslaved men and women or girls, forced pregnancies of enslaved people, and favoring women or young girls who could produce a relatively large number of children. The objective was to increase the number of slaves without incurring the cost of purchase and to fill labor shortages caused by the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade.
Chattel slavery was supported and legalized by all other white European governments and monarchs. This enslavement was practiced in European colonies from the sixteenth century to the 19th century.


It was with great sorrow and very heavy hearts that the Canada-Cuba solidarity and friendship movement received the news of the passing of Fidel Castro, the historic leader of the Cuban Revolution. The profound sadness that we all feel in Canada is shared by the progressive, anti-war and social justice forces across the world.
Fidel is an integral member of the pantheon of champions of the people who made an indelible contribution to the global struggle for liberation and emancipation.
Fidel may be gone, but he lives on. Exemplifying the finest traditions of humanity, in the truest sense he belongs to the world.
While the heart of Fidel may have ceased beating on the night of Friday, November 25, his legacy and work continue in the Cuban Revolution, a living example that a better world is possible.
Fidel’s life encapsulated the struggle of the exploited and oppressed. The legendary playwright Bertolt Brecht captured this essence when he wrote: “There are men who struggle for a day and they are good. There are men who struggle for a year and they are better. There are men who struggle many years, and they are better still. But there are those who struggle all their lives: These are the indispensable ones.”
¡Viva Fidel! ¡Hasta la Victoria Siempre!
(November 26, 2016)


Piedmont Way was conceived in 1865 by Frederick Law Olmsted, America's foremost landscape architect. As the centerpiece of a gracious residential community close beside the College of California, Olmsted envisioned a roadway that would follow the natural contours of the land and be sheltered from sun and wind by 'an overarching bowery of foliage.' This curvilinear, tree-lined parkway was Olmsted's first residential street design. It has served as the model for similar parkways across the nation.
Registration Date: 6/12/1989
Piedmont Ave between Gayley Rd and Dwight Way, Berkeley
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Reading Literature: The Mystery
Focusing on mystery novels and short stories, as well as celebrated essays on crime and literature, this course is designed to deepen your understanding of British and American literature. We will begin with classic mystery writers like Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, then move onto some of today’s most respected and popular practitioners of the genre, including local writer Gillian Flynn. Occasionally, writers who specialize in mystery fiction will join us. Although this is a lecture course where you will learn a great deal of literary and cultural history, we will spend a good portion of our time talking with each other about these books and the issues they raise. We will also spend a lot of time talking about how to read literature and develop your skills in analyzing voice, tone, structure, style, and other components of written texts. Key to this course is the question of why mysteries are so popular: What pleasures do they give us? Why are so many mystery writers women, and what is it about mystery writing that attracts female readers especially? What do mysteries reveal about the enjoyments and challenges of reading itself?
Goals of the course:
To help you become a more attentive and imaginative reader
To facilitate stimulating discussions about the meanings and values we attribute to reading
To familiarize you with the conventions of reading novels; short stories; and essays
To have you study one of the most popular and enduring genres of literature in-depth


The European Cancer Patient Coalition (ECPC), together with MEP Marlene Mizzi (S&D, Malta), organised an event at the European Parliament on 5 December 2017, on the topic of Cancer Biomarkers in the Era of Personalised Medicines.
Cancer biomarkers can be detected in bodily fluids or tissues. They can identify people who have cancer or who are at risk of getting cancer. Cancer biomarkers can also help select those people who are most likely to derive therapeutic benefit from chemotherapy, immuno-oncology therapy, surgery, or radiotherapy. In fact, biomarkers are essential to identify the Achilles’ heel of the tumour that doctors can target with specific drugs. They can also be used to monitor remission in cancer survivors. In short, biomarkers help to identify the people who may benefit from different types of cancer treatment, ensure sustainable healthcare systems, and avoid treatment-related toxicity.
Or download the PDF format of the report: European-Cancer-Patient-Coalition-highlights-need-to-increase-access-for-genetic-and-biomarker-testing


Surface Test Tree
Surface Test Tree, also called Flowhead, is located directly on top of the well and is the first piece of equipment that fluid from the well flows through. Its principal function is to control the fluid flow in and out of the well.
The flowhead consists of four gate valves: a master valve, two wing valves (flowline & kill line), and a swab valve. A swivel below the main block of flowhead allows drill stem to rotate freely, while the test tree remains stationary. And there is another type which mater valve below swivel.
The Surface Test Tree can be adapted to connect to various sizes of tubing or drillpipe through the use of a crossover sub.
Each tree is supplied with a handling sub to enable rig elevators to raise and lower the tree in the derrick. Flanged 45° support subs on the kill and flow wing sides of the central body enable flexible flow lines to be easily connected to the Surface Test Tree.


Niagara Falls Freeze – Polar Vortex
The water in the Niagara River moves very fast, moving an average of 212,000 cubic feet of water per second. It’s moving far too fast and pushing way too much water to ever freeze.
In late December an ice bridge forms at the base of the falls and over portions of the lower Niagara River. The Niagara River is fed by Lake Erie which is a huge lake, but not very deep. The ice goes over the Falls and freezes to the edges and keeps building on itself until the river is covered in ice anywhere from 40 to 80 feet thick. This ice rises on a layer of air, as the water keeps flowing beneath it.
Since records have been kept, American Falls has frozen a total of six times. The flow of water over this Fall is rather small, 10,000 cubic feet per second and in the winter that is reduced to around 8,000. This amount of water is barely able to cover the rock face and during harsh winters, allows the American Falls to freeze over.
In the 1960’s an ice boom was placed at the mouth of the River and since then it has basically eliminated the possibility of the Falls freezing over.
The longest American Falls was ever frozen was 15 days, beginning on February 7th 1936. American Falls now receives about 10% of the flow of water to the Falls.
Due to the possibility of the ice bridge collapsing or moving, the public is not allowed to walk across the ice bridge. The mist formed as the water flows over the Falls freezes on contact and creates a winter wonderland of shining crystals along the shoreline.


|Disclaimer: While it is the intention of the foremost members of this website to keep pages as mythologically accurate as possible, this site should not be taken fully as mythical, legendary or folkloric canon (let alone as a resource for any paper, report or journal). Cite pages at your own peril.|
|Alternate Names/Spellings||Flying Cat, Felidavian|
|Origins||Indian Folklore, Cryptozoology|
|Species||Magical Beast (Chimera)|
|Appearance||Cat with wings...|
The Winged Cat is a creature with origins in Indian folklore, as well as Cryptozoology.
The Winged Cat is, as the name implies, a cat with wings. These vary in species (some have wings like a bird, while others have wings like a bat). The species of wing does not interchange between breed of Winged Cat. Bird-winged cats of a pure line do not give birth to a bat-winged cat, nor does a bat-winged cat of a pure line give birth to a bird-winged cat. They can only occur in mixed litters if their parents (or ancestors) are mixed lineage.


Life’s most persistent and urgent question is, “What are you doing for others?” – Martin Luther King
Millions of children attend under performing schools. Millions of parents struggle to get appropriate educational services for their children.
What can you do to help these parents and children? What can you do to improve the lives and educational outcomes for children in your community?
To boost your creative thought processes, we’ll tell you what others are doing…
Loni Allen, an educational advocate from California, began a From Emotions to Advocacy group and has trained hundreds of parents.
Jackie Igafo-Te’o and Deborah Canja from Michigan built a dynamic website that is improving the lives of parents and children in the U.S. and Canada. Check out bridges4kids.org.
Not convinced that a few determined people can make a difference? Still wondering what can one person do?
Mom gathers petitions for school takeover. CA parents force an overhaul of failing school – using a new state law to force the failing school to be taken over by a charter school operator, the first such move in the country.
If you think that you alone cannot do much to improve your school, you are probably right. You’re more likely to get what you want for your child if you work with other parents.
If you are in a school that is not parent-friendly, this is how you might be perceived.
1 person = A fruitcake
2 people = A fruitcake and a friend
3 people = Troublemakers
5 people = “Let’s have a meeting”
10 people = “We’d better listen”
25 people = “Our dear friends”
50 people = A powerful organization”
If you collaborate with other parents and organizations, you can make a difference. There is strength and power in numbers.
Source: 12 Things Parents (and Teachers) Need to Know About and Expect From Your Schools – and Yourself. (Originally from Parent Leadership Associates)


Wikipedia is a free, copyleft, collaboratively edited online encyclopedia launched in 2001. In 11 years of its compilation it became one of the largest reference works and one of the most visited web-sites on the Internet. It is developed in more than 270 languages by enthusiasts from all over the world.
The asteroid 274301 Wikipedia was discovered by the team of astronomers of Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory. At first it was observed by that team on August 25, 2008 at 22:47 (UTC). It was also observed on the next night and two weeks later on September 6. It received provisional designation 2008 QH24. Accurate calculation of its orbit showed asteroid 2008 QH24 is the same as 1997 RO4 and 2007 FK34. The asteroid had been previously spotted by observatories including Caussols-ODAS in France, and Mt. Lemmon Survey and Steward Observatory in Arizona, US.
On April 18, 2011 the minor planet received the number 274301.
This page is archived, and is no longer publicly editable.
Articles presented on Wikinews reflect the specific time at which they were written and published, and do not attempt to encompass events or knowledge which occur or become known after their publication.


Our First Debate!
I was very pleased with how both teams performed overall. This was a great introductory experience to the form and function of debate. Opening speeches were well thought-out and comprehensive. Both teams did a good job anticipating the counter-arguments from the other side, and rebuttal speeches were well prepared and smoothly delivered. I felt there was a good balance of logos-ethos-and-pathos demonstrated throughout the arguments.
The biggest challenge both teams faced was effectively articulating responses to the cross examination questions. I think all students experienced how difficult it can be to think on their feet and rebut challenging questions. Both teams lacked enough factual evidence to strongly support their side during the rounds of questioning. As I explained during the debate - your opinion on the topic only has strength in a debate if you are able to back it up with sound logic and evidence. Research, research, research!
The debate was scored in categories of: factual support, comprehensiveness, persuasiveness, delivery, and effective rebuttal.
And the winning team was... the Opposition Team of Olivia, Charlie, Nani, and Levi, arguing against the death penalty. Congratulations!
Homework - Ethics Debate Preparation
For homework this week students should read the fable "From the Elephant Pit" and answer the questions on the homework handout I provided in class.
Should we show compassion in all circumstances? to all people?
Write a brief (300 word) cogent argument for your position on this topic. Reference the story and provide additional examples/facts and personal experience to support your stance.
Be prepared to explain and defend your position in class next week!


Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: email@example.com. Type 508 Accommodation in the subject line of e-mail.
Notice to Readers: Better Hearing and Speech Month --- May 2009
Hearing loss occurs in as many as three of 1,000 live births annually (1,2). Without intervention at an early age, hearing loss can delay a person's speech, language, and social skills development, and academic achievement. Because of this, all infants should be screened for hearing loss no later than age 1 month, preferably before leaving the birth hospital. All states and territories now offer hearing screening for newborn babies. Any baby who does not pass the hearing screening should have a full hearing evaluation no later than age 3 months. Any child who has a confirmed hearing loss should be referred for needed medical tests and should begin intervention services no later than age 6 months (3). Following this 1-3-6 months plan can maximize communication and language development for affected children (4,5). Additional information is available at. Educational materials on newborn and infant hearing are available free at .
- Finitzo T, Albright K, O'Neal J. The newborn with hearing loss: detection in the nursery. Pediatrics 1998;102:1452--60.
- Van Naarden K, Decouflé P, Caldwell K. Prevalence and characteristics of children with serious hearing impairment in metropolitan Atlanta, 1991--1993. Pediatrics 1999;103:570--5.
- Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2007 position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics 2007;120: 898--921.
- Kennedy C, McCann D, Campbell MJ, Kimm L, Thornton R. Universal newborn screening for permanent childhood hearing impairment: an 8-year follow-up of a controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:660--2.
- Moeller MP. Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics 2000;106:e43. Available at .


Holeing a Cane-Piece, on Weatherall's Estate, Antigua.
Enslaved men, women, and children dig holes and prepare the land before planting sugarcane on an estate in Antigua, an English colony in the West Indies. Manure from the cattle at left was placed in baskets and brought to the freshly dug holes to be used as fertilizer for the sugarcane. The artist William Clark resided in the West Indies for three years and drew scenes of the sugar-production process that were published in Ten Views in the Island of Antigua, in Which Are Represented the Process of Sugar Making, and the Employment of the Negroes in the Field, Boiling-House, and Distillery (1823). Preparing the soil was "the most laborious occupation of the Negroes," according to the artist's caption, and on this particular occasion the slaves were given "an extra allowance of rum, with a plentiful supply of sugar and water."


WES UPCOMING EVENTS
What Are Paw Prints?
Paw Prints are part of our Positive Behavior Intervention System (PBIS). Students are recognized with a paw print when they meet a school expectation by being safe, respectful, or ready to learn. There are class and school-wide goals for earning paw prints towards whole group celebrations.
More important than the paper ticket are the words adults use to acknowledge students' positive behavior. A teacher might give a student a paw print and say, "I noticed that you are lined up quietly and ready to go and learn in the STEM lab." This approach follows the research of psychologists Marcial Losada and Daniel Kahneman. Both found that in order to create positive changes in human behavior, people need a ratio of 5 positive pieces of feedback for everyone 1 negative interaction.
A first grade student earned a paw print for respectfully offering to help Mr. T collect hotspots in PE.
Lunch with Superintendent Banios
Mary Beth Banios began work as our new superintendent in July. Mary Beth brings with her to WCSU great experience in Massachusetts public schools as a teacher, instructional coach, assistant principal, principal, and assistant superintendent. Parents are invited to lunch in the freshly repainted WES café on Tuesday, September 26th with Ms. Banios and Ms. Mills. We are eager to hear from WES parents your hopes and questions leading into the new school year. Please click the link to RSVP for lunch by Friday, September 22. Lunch on 9/26 will feature local Cloudland Farm beef tacos prepared by our café team.
Scenes From Around School
Second graders practice tapping out words.
Fourth graders create maps of Vermont geographic regions.


Her illustration — a hand covered with Pseudomonas bacteria — is titled Human Hand Controlling Bacterial Biofilms. It began as a photograph, as the journal Science explains in its latest issue: “While attending a conference at Gregynog Hall in Wales, Joubert photographed a 1.5-meter-high human hand that reaches out of the soil in the hall’s gardens, sculpted by British artist FRANCIS HEWLETT. Then she overlaid micrographs of cultured biofilms, which had been stained with molecular probes to indicate the health of the cells. Those colored green are resistant to antimicrobial treatment — only a rare few are red, indicating that they have been vanquished.” Covering the hand are Pseudomonas bacteria. This item was posted on the Medical School’s news website.


I've been reading some research lately, and several people have mentioned the importance of having students connect to the parts of irregular words that they ARE able to sound out. Then you tell them the part they just have to LEARN BY HEART you can help them remember this by actually drawing a heart around the irregular portion of the word. I heard this wonderful idea in a dyslexia workshop with Dr. Nancy Mather. Hopefully, you're able to use it with your students!
Ms. Young is a teacher who wants to keep a record of what works!


Unformatted text preview: n that year the
British (rulers of the oceans of the world) outlawed the
slave trade. It took more than half a century for Britain
to entirely suppress the slave trade.
The period 1870-1914 is known as the “Scramble
for Africa” because it was in this period that European
nations (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and
Belgium) invaded, divided up, and colonized the
entire continent, as you can see in the maps above.
There are too many individual nations in Africa
to cover in detail, so I have chosen a number of
nations in different parts of Africa that exemplify
various important trends in African history. Western Sudan
In 1804 a Muslim Fulani cleric, Usman dan Fodio
began the most important of the West African jihads.
He established the Sokoto Caliphate in what is now
Nigeria and Camaroon, ruling a territory one
thousand miles wide.
In 1852 Umar Tal, another Muslim leader led a
jihad to the east which brought an even larger
territory under Muslim rule. By the end of the
nineteenth century, the population of all of the
Western Sudan was Musl...
View Full Document
- Spring '14
- Great Zimbabwe, modern world history, D. G. Rowley


The genetic study, published in the journal Nature Communications, points to European women as the principal female founders and to the Jewish community of the early Roman Empire as the possible source of the Ashkenazi ancestors.
It had long been assumed those ancestors migrated into Europe from Palestine in the first century A.D. -- after the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans -- with some intermarriage with Europeans later on.
The study of the Ashkanzi female line using mitochondrial DNA, led by Martin Richards from the University of Huddlesfield in Britain, found Ashkenazi lineages, in the vast majority of cases, are most closely related to southern and western European lineages -- and these lineages have been present in Europe for thousands of years.
That suggests that although Jewish men may indeed have migrated into Europe from Palestine around 2,000 years ago, they brought few or no wives with them, the researchers said, and subsequently married and converted European women, first along the Mediterranean and later in western and central Europe.
Therefore, Ashkenazim primarily trace their ancestry on the female line of descent the not to Palestine but to southern and western Europe, they said -- and at least 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, with 8 percent from the Near East and the rest uncertain.
Celebrity Couples of 2014 [PHOTOS]


Reseacher Alex Bach from Spain explains about his research. He compared 47 farms with the same feed and found 21-35 liter daily cow production! A big difference, explained by 4 main factors:
1. Calving age of Heifers
Best calved on 23 months
2. Stocking density
Best have one bed per cow and one feed space per cow of 75 cm and dry cows 85 cm
3. Pushing up the feed
Best push 10 times per day
4. Left overs
Best have 5% leftovers every day
Do everything right! Good management has a major impact on your cow's health and your income. More tips in Feeding Signals day training June 21 in CowSignals à-la-carte program.
What tips do you have for maximum production? Please share below! Together we know more.


WHAT IS MELASMA?
Melasma is a common chronic skin condition resulting from melanocytes over functioning in the skin depositing too much melanin in the epidermis and dermis leading to hyperpigmentation.
Sunlight exposure, skin phototype, hormones including use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and genetics (melasma is shown strongly to occur in families) are the main triggers and risks for this condition.
Other factors like medications, some cosmetics, and zinc deficiency, can also contribute to the development of melasma.
HOW is MELASMA get treated?
It is very challenging and difficult to treat and requires strict adherence to a vigorous treatment regimen to prevent relapses.
Strict sun protection is essential for treatment of and prevention of relapse of melasma including sun avoidance, sun protective clothing and broad-spectrum sunscreens (SPF of at least 50)
Melasma is treated with different modalities including but not limited to prescription hydroquinone, or non-hydroquinone topical treatments with topical tretinoin, vitamin C, usually in combination with chemical peels, and or laser and light therapy. In patients with darker skin, great care and caution should be taken in using laser and light modalities due to the risk of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
“WHY” IS IT IMPORTANT FOR YOU?
Melasma is frequently associated with psychologically devastating effects on one’s quality of life. Call your healthcare provider today to talk about your skin if you have been affected by melasma.


From getting your children on a better sleep schedule to ensuring they get enough exercise, here are a few tips for transitioning to a healthy school year.
Adjust sleep schedules
While your children may love to stay up late and sleep in during the summer, this schedule doesn’t bode well for the school year. To make sure your children are getting enough sleep:
Consider backpack safety
Straining a back muscle is a risk with the number of books or other supplies children may need to carry in their backpacks. To help avoid injury:
Keep germs at bay
To help avoid cold and flu viruses from keeping your children home from school, remember to:
Encourage physical activity
Not all children get enough exercise at school. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), children need at least one hour of physical activity each day, consisting of the following:
If you have questions about your child’s back-to-school health, contact our Division of General Pediatrics or call 310-825-0867 to make an appointment with a pediatrician.
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Global warming is a concern shared by all European nations.
It is estimated that 200 million people will be displaced globally
by 2050 because of climate change. Clear policies towards these
displaced populations are needed. States should take a more pro-active
approach to protecting victims of natural or man-made disasters and
improve preparedness mechanisms for these disasters.
The report calls for specific measures at local, national
and international levels. They include measures to raise the resilience
threshold of local communities, to improve national disaster response
and management capacity, and to improve the legal protection of
refugees in the context of environmental migration.
Disaster risk reduction should be integrated into sustainable
development and management policies. The interaction between climate
change and conflict and violence should be further assessed to better understand
what triggers migration. International legal developments, such
as the 2009 African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance
of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) may
serve as an example to follow in relation to the obligation to protect
persons displaced for environmental reasons. It highlights the complementarity
between prevention, emergency assistance and the search for sustainable
solutions, accelerating societies’ adaptation to climate change.


PaleoDB taxon number: 66496
Alternative combination: Lapparentosaurus madagascarensis
Full reference: J. F. Bonaparte. 1986. The early radiation and phylogenetic relationships of the Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs, based on vertebral anatomy. The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change Across the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 247-258
Sister taxa: none
Type specimen: MAA 91-92, a set of vertebrae. Its type locality is Andranomamy, Tsinjorano, which is in a Bathonian terrestrial sandstone/claystone in the Isalo III Formation of Madagascar.
Ecology: ground dwelling herbivore


|Created||February 27, 2012|
|Last modified||February 27, 2012|
Example of a high pass filter to help clarify the role of a capacitor.
Lots of times I see questions arise when a capacitor is used in a high pass filter. Folks are pretty used seeing capacitors in low pass applications, and it is not too hard to wrap your head around how a capacitor can be a low pass filter. It's a charge storage element, so the voltage across a capacitor wont immediately change, instead the voltage will change slowly as the capacitor charges or discharges through the resistor.
However when we flip things around and use the same capacitor as a high pass filter, for example in this circuit things start to get a little confusing. This quick circuit helps you explore the capacitor, and realize that its actually not doing anything different, we are just measuring at a different place.
Things to do in CircuitLab
Run the DC Simulation, and note the DC operating voltages. Note that V_neg at DC is 0.
Run the transient simulation, and first ignore the voltage at V_neg, and focus only on the V(V_pos)-V(V_neg) trace, as it reacts to the square wave V1. What does this look like? Does this behavior make sense?
Now take a look at what the voltage V(V_neg) is doing. Note that V_neg is the voltage at V_neg relative to GND.
Change V1 from a square wave to a sine wave (remove V(V_pos)-V(V_neg) from the outputs for clarity) and run the transient simulation again. How does the output waveform at V_neg compare to the input sinewave? Does it have the same DC value? Were the amplitude and phase affected?
For some advanced exploration, run the Frequency analysis. How is this consistent with the rest of your observations about the gain at DC and at High Frequencies?
No comments yet. Be the first!
Only the circuit's creator can access stored revision history.


Tom Martin and his colleagues in the Virginia Tech E-Textiles Lab are attempting to develop clothes that appear and feel normal but provide sensing and computing capabilities. Because the wires and sensors in e-textiles are woven into the fabric, wearable computers can be constructed as shirts, pants, hats, gloves or any clothing items to monitor factors ranging from how fast and far a jogger is running to the blood pressure and heart rate of a cardiac patient.
These e-textiles will be able to sense their own shapes, the wearer’s motions, and the positions of the sensing elements.
According to the researcher, current e-textiles present problems associated with the placement and movement of sensors. Some sensors work well only if they are placed a certain distance apart on a garment. If shirt sleeves or pants legs are rolled up or other changes occur while an e-textile garment is being worn, the network of sensors needs to be able to “sense” the reconfiguration in order to perform effectively.
The ultimate goal of this research is therefore to create a complete design framework that will enable novel applications that are not possible with existing e-textiles technology.
Via Clippings PhysOrg.


Category : Indian Dietitian Online
Power is gained by sharing knowledge-not hoarding it.
Potassium is a mineral found in most foods we eat . It plays a role in keeping a heartbeat regular and also needed to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance in the bloodstream. The kidneys help to keep the right amount of potassium in your body and eliminate excess amounts into the urine. When the kidneys no longer function properly potassium and sodium levels need to be monitored. Foods rich in these two minerals might need to be restricted.
While going through the charts we used when I worked in the renal field back in India, I realized that it isn’t the correct version.
Here is the updated list of Potassium Content of Common Indian Vegetables 2018 (updated with the help of the USDA):
Potassium Content of Vegetables per 100gms
|Low (less than 100mg)||Medium (100-200)||High(200mg+|
|Capsicum/Bell pepper||Green beans||Tomato|
|Chayote squash(Chow Chow/ semebadnekai)||Carrots, Onions||Ladies finger/ Bhindi|
|Green moong sprouts||Cucumber||Methi Leaves|
|Turnip||Amaranth leaves (cholai/Shepu)|
|Cauliflower||Malabar Spinach (basale soppu)|
|Ridgegourd(Turrai)||Mustard greens (Sarson)|


In the beginning, the coffee bean is created on the third day right alongside limas and garbanzos but soon outpaces them in popularity. Why? Because they make goats dance.
The story goes like this: an Ethiopian goat herder notices the stimulating effects of coffee beans upon his flock and decides to take a nibble himself. It is love at first bite, so he takes them to his local holy man, who disapproves and throws them into the fire: the world’s first roasted coffee.
Brewing is not far behind, and soon the Arabic world is abuzz with this “wine of the bean,” kahve. The Italians dub it caffé, the Dutch smuggle it out of an Arabic port called “Mocha,” and the Louis XIV of France adds sugar.
Coffee is introduced to the New World by John Smith, founder of Virginia at Jamestown– yes, Jamestown! – and it becomes decidedly patriotic following the Boston Tea Party. In 1901, the WindyCity, Chicago, brings us the first instant coffee, and in 1971 Seattle tries to put a coffee house on every corner of the developed world.
Today, coffee is the most popular beverage on planet earth. Americans consume 400 million cups of coffee per day, making the United
States the largest consumer of coffee in the world.


Where is my forest?
As Ian explored the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, the silverback mountain gorilla leapt over the stone wall without warning and just stood there. It and its family are effectively stranded in the park, which is ringed by farmland. Here, at the foot of Mount Sabinyo, Rwanda, fields of potato and pyrethrum have replaced forest. Wild gorilla numbers in Africa are dwindling. About 480 mountain gorillas remain on the Virunga massif, a volcanic mountain range that straddles the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. And just over 400 remain in the nearby Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. The future of these animals is threatened by conflict over habitat, oil and gas exploration, hunting and war. But Ian has been inspired by rewilding projects in other areas. He believes that if the needs of local people are met, it may become possible to reforest the areas adjacent to the parks to safeguard the gorillas’ future.
Nikon D3s + 70–200mm f2.8 lens; 1/800 sec at f5.6; ISO 1250.
Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Ian Johnson, South Africa
A nature conservationist and photographer by profession, Ian has spent his entire life in some of the world’s wildest conservation areas, national parks and reserves across Africa, India, Canada and Brazil. Seizing the photographic opportunities he gets, he aims to capture images that will inspire people to value wild places and instil a sense of responsibility for their future.


October 25, 2019
Dear South Huckleberry Families,
We had a very busy week. Students are reading nightly, independently, with partners and in small groups. Some students have caught the “reading bug”, while others will be there soon.
Math is going well in both classes. Periodically, homework will come home for students to do. The sheets will be covering concepts we have recently introduced in class. They are meant to be practice for concepts not yet mastered. Your child may need a small amount of help to complete the assignment. Please send it back when completed. All practice leads towards greater success in math!
The animals are getting ready to migrate. Our classes know why they migrate and what they need when migrating. We are ready to begin the journey. Monarchs are the first animals we will focus on. In the classroom, students have been watching our caterpillars move towards forming a chrysalis. Although ours won’t migrate, we will learn about their lifecycle.
Sharing will again be about butterflies next week. Artwork, books, models and even animals (real or toy) may be shared. It is a really fun time in our classroom.
Please remember to sign-up for conferences. This is an important time for us to share goals for the remainder of the year for your child. Bring your questions!
We need Friday Folders to be emptied each weekend and returned on Monday. Having an organized system to communicate with you is very helpful.
Have a great weekend!


Class Summary - Today, we watched Undefeated. The movie undefeated is a documentary about a coach who coaches football at a school with challenging students. I encouraged the students to watch how the coach created relationships with the players and got them to buy into his system using effective code switching. This movie covers 2.5 class periods.
Objectives - Students will identify times of effective code switching of a coach.
National Health Education Standards - Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health (Standard 1)


One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
A reference to a specific page or group of pages in a book, periodical, etc.‘page references to the second edition’
- ‘Quotes accompanied by page references denote scenes from published scripts that did not make it into the final film.’
- ‘Wherever possible I shall give page references to the second edition of this collection.’
- ‘The reference gave only the author and date of publication, without a page reference.’
- ‘I did have a page reference and quote to back that up, but the book got tidied away.’
- ‘An index is provided for the entire volume and includes common names, Latin names, and page references to various terms used throughout the book.’
- ‘The page references are given for both the German original and the corresponding English version.’
- ‘Excerpts from the book, complete with page references, were handwritten on the walls.’
- ‘Could you direct me to the transcript where that happened, if you just give me the page references?’
- ‘The page references cited in the text correspond to the English edition.’
- ‘Copy-editors may miss wrong page references, name inconsistencies, misspellings, punctuation slips, that sort of thing.’
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage
If you have found this page useful, why not make a donation to The Peerage Research Trust so that we can continue to maintain and develop Cracroft's Peerage?
Keppel, Viscount (GB, 1782 - 1786)
Creation: let.pat. 22 Apr 1782
Extinct: 2 Oct 1786
Family name: Keppel
Gules three Escallop Shells Argent, a Crescent for difference
Out of a Ducal Coronet Or a Swan's Head and Neck Argent, charged with a Crescent for difference
On either side a Lion ducally crowned Or and charged with a Crescent for difference
Ne Cedo Malis
Augustus [Keppel], 1st Viscount Keppel, PC
2nd son of William Anne [Keppel], 2nd Earl of Albemarle, by his wife Lady Anne Lennox, 2nd dau. of Charles [Lennox], 1st Duke of Richmond
25 Apr 1725
2 Oct 1786
22 Apr 1782 Viscount Keppel, of Elveden in the County of Suffolk
entered the Royal Navy 1735; served under Anson at the capture of Paita 1741; Member of Parliament (Whig) for Chichester 1755-61, for Windsor 1761-80 and for Surrey 1780-82; took the Island of Goree from the French 1759; under Hawke at the defeat of the French Admiral, Conflans, 1759; Col of Marines 1760-62; a Groom of the Bedchamber 1761-65; took part in the capture of Havana 1762; Rear Admiral 1762; a Lord of the Admiralty 1765-66; Elder Brother of the Trinity House 1767; Vice Admiral 1770; Admiral of the Blue 1778; allowed the French fleet to escape him at Ushant 1778, for which he was tried by a court-martial but acquitted; Privy Councillor 1782; First Lord of the Admiralty 1782-83 and 1783; Master of the Trinity House 1782-86; Admiral of the White 1782
On the death of the 1st Viscount Keppel the Viscountcy of Keppel became extinct.
First written 6 Mar 2012
ã Copyright: Heraldic Media Limited. All rights reserved.


After a day of shooting pictures, you may discover you have an image you would like to use online, such as for an avatar on a social networking site. Digital photography allows you to decrease the size of your images using a photo editing program. The software lets you crop the image to a 50-by-50 pixel square from its original rectangular shape.
Turn your computer on and open the photo editing program you use to edit your pictures. Remove the memory card from your camera and insert it into your computer's card reader.
Download the images to your computer’s hard drive. In the photo editor, click “File” and select “Open” from the drop-down menu. Use your computer’s cursor to navigate to the folder containing the image. Highlight the image by clicking on it and click “OK” to open the image.
Select the crop tool in the photo editing program and choose a size of 50 pixels by 50 pixels. Change the dpi (dots per inch) value if the website to which you will be uploading your photo has a maximum resolution. Some require an image to have a resolution of 72 dpi. Pictures typically are printed on paper at a much higher resolution, often 300 dpi.
Position the cursor at the bottom left position of where you envision the bottom left corner being in your cropped photo. Draw your computer cursor up and across the image until you reach the top right position for your enlargement. Double-click your mouse, and your photo will be cropped to your settings.
Click “File” and select “Save as” from the drop-down menu. Give your picture a new name so as not to overwrite your original and save the picture to your computer drive.


Please TAKE ACTION RIGHT NOW and send your letter to the UN Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and the International Criminal Court Prosecutor.
Unlike colonialism which is about the exploitation of the natives, settler colonialism is about replacing the natives, and it always replaces what it destroys. In Palestine this meant Zionists replacing Palestinian orchards with imported European conifers (which they dubbed “making the desert bloom”), depopulated Palestinian villages and urban neighbourhood with Jewish settlements, roads and national parks, Palestinian place names with Hebrew place names, and the present day campaign of replacing Bedouin villages, deemed “unrecognized”, with space for Jews-only urban and rural settlements, army manoeuvres, and green spaces—classic settler colonial governmentalities.
Informed by various interpretations of terra nullius (a land without people), settler colonialism is a land-centred project. Wolfe theorizes settler colonialism as premised on securing territory in terms of “structured genocide”, evidenced by the expulsion of 800,000 Palestinians from their lands during and after the 1948 Nakba, by the 1967 occupation of the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai and the Golan, by progressively dispensing with Palestinian workers from the occupied territory, and by the increasing military and civil control of the occupied territory.
Continue reading at https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms201756


Cook, Charles D.D., one of the founders of French Methodism, was born in London, May 31, 1787. Skeptical in youth, he was converted at twenty-one, chiefly under the instruction of the Rev. Jacob Stanley. After spending a few years as tutor in a seminary, he entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in 1817. In 1818 he was sent to France, and commenced his ministry at Caen, in Normandy. He soon acquired a good French style, both in writing and speaking, and became eminently popular and useful as an evangelist. The Sunday-school Society and Bible Society were originated chiefly through the impulse given by him. In numerous evangelical journeys, especially in the south of France, he preached in the Reformed churches with great acceptance, and revivals of religion followed his labors. His administrative talent was very great. Merle d'Aubigne, in a letter to M. Gallienne, president of the French Conference, says that Cook "was to France, Switzerland, and Sardinia what Wesley was in his day to England." He died Feb. 21, 1858. — J. P. Cook, Vie de Charles Cook (Paris, 1862); Stevens, History of Methodism.


By the end of this month, the city of Flint could have its first new master plan in more than 50 years.
A master plan is a guide for community leaders to chart a city’s future economic development and neighborhood growth.
But Flint’s current master plan was written in 1960, when the city’s population was twice its current size. The plan also envisioned an economy that has long since disappeared from Flint.
Megan Hunter is Flint’s chief planning officer. She expects this new master plan will actively guide Flint for the next 20 years.


25 gr Clavo huasca shredded
Clavo huasca is a large, woody vine that grows up to 80 m in length and is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest and other parts of tropical South America. It produces very small, white flowers (which are pollinated by bees and butterflies) and elongated, flat, bean-like fruits. The vine bark and root has a distinctive, clove-like aroma (as do the leaves, somewhat), earning its common name clove vine or white clove. The vine, when cross-sectioned, has a distinctive “Maltese cross” design in the wood (with a darker, reddish color as the background and a golden color in the heartwood). Two species of plants are sold in herbal commerce as “clavo huasca” – the true Tynanthus vine, and another, completely different, Mandevilla genus vine.


The study stresses on the convergence of digital media with the traditional folk media in Assam (a state of India), and tries to shade some practical lights on the effects of digital media into the field of folk media. The research methodology used in this study is qualitative in nature; and the approach is somewhat inductive towards the communication theories – ‘Uses & Gratification Theory’ and ‘Technology Acceptance Model’. A survey and an opinion poll are also used. Whereas the traditional folk media is people’s performances for communication, digital media has proved to be a wider medium to support the preservation and growth of any media in culture, traditions and customs. The survey, even on the grounds of wide-spread digital divide, found that there is a huge scope to preserve one’s culture, tradition and folks in particular using the digital media. The intersection, role and the scope of digital media towards the folk media will be effective only if it becomes main-stream and covers various aspects of the traditional as well as regular education systems to eliminate the existing digital divide and promote a better environment for digital media adoption that the paper accentuates upon.
|Download the paper (PDF)|
|Syed Mohsin Raja|
|2017 • Assam • cultural heritage • culture | preservation • digital media • education • folk media • India|
|Featured • Pub: Article / Paper|


Proofreading is not just editing; it is the process of reviewing the final draft of a piece of writing to ensure consistency and accuracy in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting.
Proofreading is the process/technique of analyzing the final draft of a written piece to make sure:
- consistency and accuracy in grammar
- sentence structure
Proofreading originally refers to newspapers, where the editors check errors in the text, and all this is done on a computer.
How do we define proofreading? Proofreading is a process to detect errors and then rectify them in a final draft.
Proofreading concentrates on removing such errors as punctuation, spelling mistakes, and sentence structure, etc. Proofreader’s work should be free of writing mistakes. Proofreaders’ main work is to find errors unnoticed by the spellchecker or the system and rectify those mistakes.
Proofread copy should have the following features:
- It must be free from all types of errors.
- Content should be well structured.
- Its writing should be perfect.
- Should be ready to be published
Check out: 4 Reasons Why Website Testing Is Important
You have to watch for the common grammatical mistakes, for example:-
It’s not “too” (too) late to order A Cookie!
The punctuation also makes all the difference, And sometimes your eyes play tricks too and skip the basic mistakes. Many online tools (browser extensions) like Grammarly and “Online Text Correction” quickly identify and remove grammatical errors. In some cases, you can use Microsoft word’s built-in spelling and grammar checking feature to locate and remove the spelling and grammatical mistakes accordingly.
The bottom line is, you still need to take a deep dive after you finished writing to create errors in the free final draft.


2. Talking about yourself
high school teacher.
Meepuru-san, o-shigoto wa nan desu ka
Kookoo no kyooshi desu.
Nan no sensei desu ka.
Ongaku no kyooshi desu.
Nakata: Maple-san, what is your occupation?
Maple: I'm a high school teacher.
Nakata: What do you teach?
Maple: I teach music.
" means "teacher" and is used
to refer to oneself. "Sensei
" also means
"teacher" but it is used to refer to another person.
It may also be used instead of Mr./Ms. as for example, in "Maple-sensei".
See the vocabulary list of Gakko


Modes of Baptism booklet cover
No. 77 MODES OF BAPTISM: The early church had one form of baptism that was by total immersion of the whole body, including the head. There was a symbolic reason for full immersion (burial). In the late second and third century, other forms were introduced, such as pouring or sprinkling and, as a result, baptism, in most churches, has lost its true meaning.


The Upanishads are some of the sacred books of the Hindu people. The Upanishads are part of a large collection of sacred books of Hindu people, called the Vedas. They are placed at the end of the Vedas and they primarily deal with knowledge or wisdom. Because they deal with knowledge portion of the Vedas, they are called Jnana-Kanda (Jnana means knowledge). Also because they come at the end portion of the Vedas they are often called texts of Vedanta (veda: of vedas, anta: at the end). Upanishads form the foundation of the philosophy of Hindu religion. Many scholars believe that originally Upanishads are rebellion against Vedas and it has added to Vedas by its unique spiritual quest. Upanishad means "sit down with" master to learn about the Atman(soul). The Upanishads do not belong to a specific period of Sanskrit literature. The oldest, such as the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad and Chandogya Upanishad, may be as old as 8th century BC, while the youngest, depending on the specific Upanishad, may date to the medieval or early modern period. More than 300 text about Upanishad have been found but we have 108 Upanishad in written. Geeta which is the most religious book of Hindu's is also a Greatest Upanishad.


There are articles all over the news of towns replacing old street lights with LED lighting. You’ve probably read the reports: LED lighting improves the brightness, visibility, and energy efficiency of street lights.
The DOE recently released a report basically confirming the superiority of LED lighting. They compared the performance of high-pressure sodium (HPS) streetlights, induction luminaires, and LED luminaires on a street in Palo Alto, California. Their findings:
- LED used the least energy of the three systems (a 44% reduction compared to HPS – which is the traditional streetlight for most towns).
- LED provided comparable average illumination on the street in comparison to the other two systems.
- LED provided more uniform light output than HPS or induction and had better cutoff – which means the light didn’t overflow onto residential properties as much.
For more information, see the complete report.


Commissioned around 1569 by the powerful Earl of Mar, hereditary Keeper of Stirling Castle and one time Regent of Scotland during the minority of James VI. The Earls of Mar were originally the Erskine Family who were appointed by David II as hereditary keepers of Stirling Castle.
The shell of a splendid renaissance style town house is all that remains of a once, grand building at the top of the Old Town. The facade of Mar's Wark is decorated with stone carvings, panels, gargoyles and much of the stone would have come from the ruined Cambuskenneth Abbey.
The 11th Earl of Mar supported the Jacobite cause and following the failure of the 1715 rebellion, the house was converted into barracks. During the 1745-6 rising it was damaged by cannon fire and fell into ruin.


What is Smart Casual Dress Code?
Smart casual is an ill-defined dress code that is generally a neat yet informal attire. The locality, type of event, context or culture constitutes the various interpretation of the dress code and therefore the designating of certain clothing pieces as smart casual is disputed—for example, jeans.
Smart casual was first mentioned in the Iowa newspaper The Davenport Democrat And Leader in May 1924: The sleeveless dress with three-quarter over-blouses, in smock appearance completing it for street wear, is accorded various interpretations. It is at once practiced and gives a smart casual appearance.
Smart casual was commonly used in the last century and merged to form the term business casual in the 1950s, implying a more casual suit than the traditional, usual dark suit in heavy cloth.


ERIC Number: ED216968
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1982-Mar
Reference Count: 0
Textbook Use in a Central Ohio Elementary School.
This research report documents teachers' views on why and to what extent they use textbooks. How the environment influences the use of textbooks can be determined when their use in schools is studied. The following three major research questions were addressed: (1) how do teachers use textbooks, guides, and supplementary materials available through publishers? (2) why do teachers rely on textbooks to the extent they do for planning and for instruction? and (3) what are the apparent influences of the textbook and its use on the curriculum? The research took place in one school for part of a year, with 10 teachers participating. Research procedures included observing and taking notes in the 10 classrooms for 6-10 days each, discussing practices with teachers and the principal, collecting photocopies of pages from text-related materials the teachers were using when observed, and discussing work assignments with students. Findings showed that 9 out of 10 teachers used texts, textbook guides, and accompanying materials extensively and with few changes and viewed the curriculum as a series of pages to cover. Students viewed the work as a series of things to complete. Peer pressure and ease of use caused teachers to rely heavily on the use of textbooks. (Author/NE)
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Note: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New York, NY, March 1982).


> While there are a number of good reasons to split data into separate
> tables, the reason you mention above isn't one of them. Splitting a
> table to speed indexes might be useful if you plan to query a member
> table directly (so query a subset - such as the numbers that were
> entered in a particular quarter of the year - which are all stored in a
> member table), but not if you are always accessing the parent.
> Indexes (by default) are built on the entire field - if the field is 4
> characters long, then the index will index all 4 characters. If the
> field is 32 characters, the index will index all 32 characters.
> MySQL uses a B-TREE method for creating the index. I don't think
> you'll see much of a performance difference if you split the area code
> into a separate field and use a compound index. The only time that
> would be useful is if you sometimes search for a phone number *without*
> an area code - in which case you could order the compound index with
> the 'number' and then the 'area code'. Of course, that means that the
> 'area code' indexed fields wouldn't be accessible directly - but the
> cardinality of an area code is probably low anyways...
> It is sometimes useful to perform partial indexing (in MySQL this is
> done by specifying the length to index), if the cardinality of the
> partially indexed field is close enough to the cardinality of the
> entire field, or if you have other business requirements (such as
> always perform matches of a subpart of the field) that require this.
> You can count the cardinality of a partial index using a select unique
> combined with a substring statement.
> I think the previous answer is the optimal one, use a UNIQUE index on
> the whole field, or create a PRIMARY KEY index (if nulls are allowed
> you'll have to use UNIQUE).
> P.S. - Posting through Google Groups here , which I don't think even
> includes the original message in the response ...
> Chander Ganesan
> Open Technology Group, Inc.
> Phone: 877-258-8987/919-463-0999
> Expert MySQL training


Shoulder surfing is using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get information. Shoulder surfing is an effective way to get information in crowded places because it's relatively easy to stand next to someone and watch as they fill out a form, enter a PIN number at an ATM machine, or use a calling card at a public pay phone. Shoulder surfing can also be done long distance with the aid of binoculars or other vision-enhancing devices. To prevent shoulder surfing, experts recommend that you shield paperwork or your keypad from view by using your body or cupping your hand.
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A radionuclide bone scan is a nuclear imaging technique that uses a very small amount of radioactive material, which is injected into the patient's bloodstream to be detected by a scanner. This test shows blood flow to the bone and cell activity within the bone and helps evaluate any degenerative and/or arthritic changes in the joints. The test also can be used to to detect bone diseases and tumors and to determine the cause of bone pain or inflammation. This test is to rule out any infection or fractures.


The damaging effects of passive smoking on children could linger well into adulthood.
Even non-smokers who have been exposed to second hand smoke early in life grow up with a greater risk of developing chronic chest infections, a study has shown.
‘We examined asthma as well as other respiratory symptoms and found that exposure to parental smoking had the strongest association with cough and chronic cough that persisted into adult life,’ said Dr Juliana Pugmire
‘Exposure to parental smoking also had effects, although weaker, on persistent wheezing and asthma in adulthood.’
While scientists have warned about the risks of second-hand smoke for more than 30 years, Dr Pugmire said prior to this study there had been little information on the long-term effects on children.
‘Earlier studies established a link between parental smoking and childhood respiratory illness but in this study we sought to demonstrate whether these effects persisted into adulthood,’ she said.
Her team from the University of Arizona found that 52.3 per cent of children included in a 24-year study of airway obstructive disease were exposed to tobacco smoke between birth and 15 years.
Participants were asked to complete questionnaires issued every two years from 1972 until 1996.
‘Chronic bronchitis is a significant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development later in life,’ Dr Pugmire told the American Thoracic Society International Conference in San Francisco.
‘Therefore, the persistence of symptoms like chronic cough and wheeze into young adulthood may indicate a susceptibility to lung function deficits and chronic respiratory illness with age,’ she added.


Researchers at the National Institute of Public Health, Japan, found high levels of dangerous carcinogens such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in several brands of e-cigarette liquid.
The levels detected were much higher than those in normal tobacco.
‘In one brand of e-cigarette the team found more than 10 times the level of carcinogens contained in one regular cigarette,’ said Dr Naoki Kunugita, of the National Institute of Public Health.
Normal tobacco contains a huge number of toxins, so the new research does not prove that cigarettes are ‘safer’ – just that e-cigarettes may be riskier than thought.
The researchers believe that the carcinogens are released when the element which vapourises the liquid inside the e-cigarette overheats.
Unlike normal cigarettes which burn dried tobacco, e-cigarettes use a battery-powered device to heat a nicotine solution known as e-liquid.
This produces an aerosol that can be inhaled (vaping). Higher end e-cigarettes allow the heat temperature to be adjusted, which can intensify the nicotine hit.
Previous research by Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, NY, suggests the way particles are broken down in e-cigarettes may irritate lung tissue and cause disease.
Particles in tobacco-based cigarettes have a median size of 0.3 to 0.5 microns, but in e-cigarettes they are a lot smaller at 0.18 to 0.27 microns.
This means particles can travel deep within the lungs and embed themselves in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place, causing damage.


In this chapter, we presented the computer’s architecture, focusing on its processor (CPU) design and implementation in order to understand how it runs a program. Today’s modern processors are based on the von Neumann architecture, which defines a stored-program, universal computer. The general-purpose design of the von Neumann architecture allows it to execute any type of program.
To understand how the CPU executes program instructions, we built an example CPU, starting with basic logic-gate building blocks to create circuits that together implement a digital processor. A digital processor’s functionality is built by combining control, storage, and arithmetic/logic circuits, and is run by a clock circuit that drives the Fetch, Decode, Execute, and WriteBack phases of its execution of program instructions.
All processor architectures implement an instruction set architecture (ISA) that defines the set of CPU instructions, the set of CPU registers, and the effects of executing instructions on the state of the processor. There are many different ISAs, and there are often different microprocessor implementations of a given ISA. Today’s microprocessors also use a variety of techniques to improve processor performance, including pipelined execution, instruction-level parallelism, and multicore design.
For more breadth and depth of coverage on computer architecture, we recommend reading a computer architecture textbook1.
One suggestion is "Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware and Software Interface", by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy.


Proponents of ‘usage-based’ models [Bybee, J.L., 1995. Regular morphology and the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes 10, 425–455; Langacker, R.W., 2000. A dynamic usage-based model. In: Barlow, M., Kemmer, S. (Eds.), Usage-Based Models of Language. CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA, pp. 1–63; Tomasello, M., 2003. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Child Language Acquisition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA] have argued that speakers’ mental grammars are highly redundant, in that relatively specific, low-level generalizations and actual expressions co-exist with more general rules. Such local generalizations are thought to play an important role in language use, and, in particular, in language acquisition. If this hypothesis is correct, speakers, and especially immature speakers, should be more likely to supply the correct inflected forms of words which fall into densely populated phonological neighbourhoods (for which they are likely to have extracted low-level schemas) than with words with few neighbours (for which no low-level schemas may be available). This paper tests this prediction by investigating Polish children’s ability to supply case inflections with unfamiliar words. By far the most densely populated regions in Polish children’s noun lexicons are those defined by the three most productive diminutive suffixes (masculine -ek, feminine -ka, and neuter -ko), since diminutives are very frequent in the input. Therefore, if the low-level schema hypothesis is correct, children should be more productive with diminutives and diminutive-sounding words (i.e., words ending in -ek, -ka, and -ko) than with simplex forms. Results indicate that this is indeed the case.