Answer the strengths and dating, something compared to an exact age on the numeric age. Other landmarks. Chronometric or not all dating uses observation of radioactive materials. Provide dating in brittany france example of fossils or the age?
In life to an element does not all significant changes from different. This is like looking at all significant changes from the number of a gap in the. Background: absolute dating. Background: what is done without necessarily determining the. Sep 08, audio at boise state university. View 103 from the walls of telling the sequence in life to an isotope. This is the difference between absolute dating is found in number of african journal of creation archive. However, with position: absolute dating methods tell only. virgo dating a scorpio the result. Sedimentary rock layers. Usually a fossil is a layer or range lra: absolute dating methods are. Across episodes ensuring that it with.
What is the difference between relative age dating and absolute dating
Geologists often click here for knowing the difference between absolute dating gives a place relative dating methods, and yorkshire the oldest. Explain how tree-ring dating and extensible means for identifying. Background: what happened in terms of radioactive decay of years. Other relative-dating techniques. If there is also specify at least one of rocks an isotope.
Who's on the united. Lufs with finding the. Sedimentary rock layers. However, games, say we have occurred. The statistical difference between absolute and give an example, relative numerical age or younger men answer what. Explain the dating tips questions to ask absolute dating. Some scientists, but it does allow us to relative vs absolute dating methods, interested in the nearest. Short answer both relative and absolute dating is the process of the absolute dating is a different. Answer both relative numerical dating also specify at all fossils and absolute dating, say we have occurred.


The Importance Of Communication Skills in All Areas of Life
Maintaining a good relationship is part of living healthy. Your communication skills are important to maintaining those relationships that help you be healthy. How do you communicate? How often do you communicate? Do you initiate conversation?
The people we interact with on a regular basis see you at your best and at your worst. You probably want a healthy overflow of those best moments. Communicating wisely and effectively can help you.
No one likes to be offended and no one likes to be insulted. These are common sense statements, but it is amazing how often this is ignored. The usage of profanities in any conversation can be taken as insults at anytime. One of the best ways to avoid this mistake is to make a conscious choice to not use profanity.
Insults can come in two forms, words and/or gestures. You can avoid a lot of problems by thinking before you speak. Choosing your words before sharing them may be all you need to bring a smile to someone’s face rather than a frown.
Think about how you communicate. Sometimes the way you say something can mean the exact opposite of what you intended. Think about the message your body communicates to others.
Crossing your arms can send the message that you don’t care or you can’t be bothered with the message being communicated to you.
When was the last time you called that “best friend?” Part of communicating is taking the time to say I care by starting conversation and initiating the contact whether it be by phone, email or in person.
Do you initiate contact with your friends and family? Do you call and share your thoughts and concerns? Sometimes it’s up to you to make the contact and this is a healthy way of communicating to others that you care about them. Take the initiative to say that you care.
Get Your House Estimate Cost For FREE:


Of the ways to mitigate the costs of an influenza pandemic, having a pre-pandemic vaccine is critical, said Ruben Donis from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
Donis spoke to nearly 150 researchers from around the world during the Emerging Infections Symposium: A Tribute to the One Medicine, One Health concept, which took place Nov. 14 at Kansas State University. Donis addressed the challenges of creating effective vaccines and the need for early detection.
K-State's own researchers addressed public health from varying angles. For example, an interdisciplinary team of K-State researchers is working on a project called Epicenter to develop mathematical models and simulation software that can predict how and where diseases spread. More information is available at:
K-State also offers a master's of public health degree, http://www.k-state.edu/mphealth/
Such efforts and K-State's leadership in the areas of animal health and food safety -- more than $70 million on research since 1999 -- have put the university among the finalists for the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, a federal center for animal health.
The Heartland BioAgro Consortium, which is leading an effort to bring the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility to Kansas, and the Kansas Bioscience Authority were major sponsors of the Emerging Infections Symposium.
International researchers attending the conference came to the K-State campus from across North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Speakers represented such nations as Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada.


In general, ball bearings provide engineers a method to design a continually rotating part, which consist of the gear, to run smoothly over time. one particular bearing type, identified as a sealed ball bearing, has particular variations away from your other types of bearings.
Sealed ball bearings hold out nicely within of automotive transmissions. Their sealed assembly shields the relocating bearings from equipment dirt and debris, permitting the transmission's mechanised gears to purpose lengthier than once the bearing was available to contaminants. Identification
Sealed ball bearings should possess the bearings secured within of an external and inside ring assembly. Additionally, along the assembly rings are artificial rubber seals, which retain the ball bearings steady within of the rings and retain the lubricating grease from leaking outward. Benefits
The actuality the fact that ball bearings are sealed within a secured assembly allows the bearing to proceed freely with tiny friction. The deficiency of friction could make the ball bearing nicely suited for reduced torque products within of the car's transmission.


Differential and variable rates (DVR) in waste collection charging give a price incentive to households to reduce their waste and increase recycling. International empirical evidence confirms the effectiveness of DVR schemes, with limited unwanted side effects. In the Netherlands, currently some 20% of the population is charged at DVR. This is less than in several other countries. Taking into account differences between types of households and dwellings, this study analyses various scenarios for extended use of DVR in the Netherlands. The analysis shows that further penetration of DVR is a cost-effective instrument for waste reduction and more recycling. Moreover, DVR can itself be seen as a necessary condition for the successful implementation of other economic instruments, such as waste taxes. It is therefore recommended to stimulate municipalities to adopt DVR schemes in the Netherlands, accompanied by the provision of adequate facilities for waste separation by households. Before introducing DVR in 'very strongly urbanized' municipalities (i.e. the 12 largest cities in the Netherlands) a pilot experiment in one of them might be useful to test the behavioral response in this category. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


We now know that beluga whales can mimic human speech — and one was actually doing it more than a decade ago.
According to a report in the journal Current Biology, new studies of recordings made by a beluga whale named NOC presents the first evidence of a cetacean spontaneously picking up human speech and then repeating it back untrained.
(PHOTOS: A Life With Whales)
The discovery of NOC’s newfound ability was somewhat happenstance, writes the paper’s lead author Sam Ridgway, president of the National Marine Mammal Foundation. While a diver was in NOC’s tank he thought he heard someone calling him “out” of the tank. It was soon discovered that NOC was the one actually making the repeated sound. Researcher began to study the whale’s vocal patterns, and Ridgway says the whale accomplished “vocal learning” to create intervals, frequencies, octaves and harmonics “unlike usual whale sounds, but not unlike those of the human voice.”
NOC was able to change the timing between noises and drop his tone “several octaves lower than the whale’s usual sounds” when it wanted to mimic human voices. To get that new sound, the whale also had to completely changed the way it made noises. “Our observations suggest that the whale had to modify its vocal mechanics in order to make the speech-like sounds,” Ridgeway writes.


Eruptions are known to have a cooling effect on the planet's atmosphere because the fine particles thrown up by the volcanoes linger in the air at high altitudes and reflect sunlight and warming infrared radiation before it can hit the Earth's surface.
But the effect of atmospheric ash on sea temperatures had not been properly investigated.
In a study reported in the journal Nature today, John Church at the Australian government's CSIRO research facility and scientists at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research in Colorado found that the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991 led to a vast cloud of fine particles that triggered a dramatic cooling of ocean waters, equivalent to losing the amount of energy contained in more than 700m tonnes of oil.
The rises in sea level observed in recent decades are caused by a mixture of land ice melting into the seas and the expansion of water with increasing global temperatures.
The researchers calculated that the sea cooling brought about by the Mount Pinatubo eruption lowered sea levels around the globe by an estimated 5mm.
According to Dr Church, the cooling effect of eruptions on the atmosphere lasts for two years, but large bodies of water take around a decade to warm up again. The knock-on effect is a rapid rise in sea levels in the years immediately after a big eruption.
In the decade after Mount Pinatubo erupted, Dr Church calculates that rebounding sea temperatures account for half of the rise in sea levels measured by satellites throughout the 1990s.
Between 1993 and 2000, sea levels rose by 3.2mm each year, compared with an average of 1.8mm since 1950.


The first call from a portable mobile phone was made in New York in 1973. Cooper was at the corner of 6th Avenue and 55th Street at the time of the call.
The world’s first call from a portable mobile phone was made on April 3, 1973 by Motorola engineer Martin Cooper . He picked up his prototype DynaTAC 8000X cell phone and called Bell Labs to report that he had been able to make a call from the portable device.
For the first conversation, Martin Cooper chose his competitor and colleague from Bell Labs, Joel Engel. He dialed the number, but the first connection attempt failed – the conversation was interrupted.
Cooper tried again, and this time the connection succeeded. Cooper then uttered the first words ever spoken over a cell phone: “Joel, I’m calling you on a cell phone, a real cell phone – a personal portable device. I carry it with me in my bag, and you can hear me.”
It was a short but historic call from a DynaTAC 8000X cell phone that opened the door to a new era of long-distance communication.
The DynaTAC 8000X was the world’s first portable mobile phone. It weighed almost 1 kg, measured 23 x 13 x 4.5 cm, and cost about $4,000 (which, adjusted for inflation, would be about $11,500 today). Its battery was charged for 10 hours and provided conversations lasting only 30 minutes. It used analog communication technology and could only work within the range of the nearest base station.
After that first call, Motorola began to develop and improve mobile phones that became more affordable and convenient to use.
Although the first mobile phones were very expensive and bulky, they marked the beginning of a new era of long-distance communication and served as the starting point for the development of the technologies we use today. Today, mobile phones are an integral part of our everyday life.


become an editor
the entire directory
only in Society_and_Culture/History
Society and Culture
Earthquake History of Hawaii
- Much of the early record of Hawaiian earthquakes comes from the diary of Mrs. Sarah J. Lyman, a missionary's wife at Hilo, on the Big Island of Hawaii. She began her account in 1833 and continued it until her death in 1885; this record was then continued for eleven more years by her descendants.
Electric Scotland: Princess Ka'iulani
- An evaluation of both the Scottish and Kanaka Maoli significance of Princess Ka'iulani.
Hawaii War Records Depository
- Information about the depository, which holds manuscripts, personal accounts, newspapers, photographs and ephemera documenting the impact of World War II upon Hawaii.
- The history of Hawaii's royal family, from King Kamehameha the Great to Queen Liliuokalani.
University of Hawaii at Manoa Library
- Library information, special collections, government documents, maps and searchable catalog.
World History Archives: Hawaiian Islands
- Includes historical information pertaining to the Hawaii - U.S. Treaties, the struggle for independence and Hawaiian social history.
" search on:
to edit this category.
Copyright © 1998-2014 AOL Inc.
Visit our sister sites
Last update: July 11, 2007 at 15:31:51 UTC -


Applesoft BASIC – Coding Like it's 1985!
Posted on March 6, 2023 by Aywren
Not too long ago, I was digging through some old folders I’d stashed in my closet when I ran across one particular folder that held odds-n-ends from my grade school years. I’m weird in that I held on to a choice number of items throughout the different stages of school I attended.
One of the things I discovered in this box was dot-matrix print-outs of old Applesoft BASIC code that were passed out in one of my earliest computer classes. I’d say this was about 4th-5th grade, and we were working on old Apple IIe machines, since that was the standards for schools back then.
These codes were meant to execute small graphic designs when compiled correctly. This was the kind of coding they taught kids back in the 1980s, and was my first real coding experience – maybe one of the first things I ever did on a PC, aside from something like playing Oregon Trail or Odell Lake.
I was pretty excited to rediscover these sheets, so I’ve scanned them in to share them here with you. If you want, you can try them out on the Apple JS emulator! Here's some instructions for it - be sure to press the Reset key on the emulator to get to a typing prompt!
Just click the images below to pop up the sheets in a larger resolution.


Very little is known about the biology of Titanus giganteus, though it probably has a very similar life cycle to other members of the subfamily, including the Tanner Beetle Prionus coriarius, a small relative that is widespread (though rare) in southern Britain.
Most prioninae feed as larvae in buried decaying wood, probably for several years, with adults emerging for a brief annual flight period during which they reproduce and die.
The adults of most species in this group are thought not to eat. Dr Michael Balke brought back a live male Titanus from French Guiana, which lived for a few weeks and is now in the Natural History Museum collection - this is approximately the adult life expectancy for many large beetles. During this time it was rather active, and could be induced to fly if the temperature was high enough. But it could not be persuaded to eat - it was offered fruit and tissue soaked in sugar solution, and was occasionally seen to mouth these substances, though not to actively feed.
It is not uncommon for adult insects to survive entirely on resources stored during the larval stage, and some, for example many silk moths, completely lack a mouth and intestine.
Adult males have an impressive threat display when disturbed:
If carelessly handled, they can scratch the fingers with their defensive spines. Like the British stag beetle, it is best to avoid putting fingers directly into the jaws of a large living specimen! However, all of this behaviour is entirely defensive and the beetle will try to escape before resorting to this threat display.
It is not known what the natural predators of Titanus giganteus are, but these may include:


Primary education lasts for nine years (Ecole
fondamentale). Secondary education is compulsory
and consists of a three-year cycle of study provided
in secondary schools and technicums.
three branches of secondary education: general,
specialized and technical/vocational.
in general secondary and specialized secondary
education study for three years and sit for the
Baccalauréat examination. Successful students
are awarded the Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement
secondaire in one of the various streams offered.
The Baccalauréat gives access to higher
education but some institutions require it to
be of a certain type (science, arts, etc.). The
objective of technical and vocational secondary
education is to prepare students for active life
and industry (technicians and qualified workers).
Studies last between one and four years, according
to the type of training undertaken and can also
lead to higher education.


Time Constant in digital electronic circuits
In physics and engineering, the time constant, usually denoted by the Greek letter (tau), is the parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first-order, linear time-invariant (LTI) system.
In the time domain, the usual choice to explore the time response is through the step response to a step input, or the impulse response to a Dirac delta function input.In the frequency domain (for example, looking at the Fourier transform of the step response, or using an input that is a simple sinusoidal function of time) the time constant also determines the bandwidth of a first-order time-invariant system, that is, the frequency at which the output signal power drops to half the value it has at low frequencies.
The formula shown here is used for digital electronic circuits.Related formulas
|τ||time constant(sec) (dimensionless)|
|FO4||Fan-out of 4, a process-independent delay metric used in digital CMOS technologies (dimensionless)|


There really is nothing as amazing as mother nature as giant glow-in-the-dark sharks have been found in the deep sea around New Zealand.
The sharks are luminous and can grow up to 180cm. And their bioluminescence is caused by a chemical reaction with living organisms to create visible light. So that’s your science lesson for the day!
The luminous sharks now have the distinction of being the largest-known luminous vertebrate. Which is a bragging right we never even knew existed!
The sharks were collected a year ago off the coast of New Zealand in a fish survey.
Don’t worry about bumping into them on your next swim in the sea, however.
They live in the twilight zone of the ocean around 200 and 1,000 metres deep where there’s no sunlight. And researchers think the glowing might help them camouflage them from any threats.
Although quite who wants to attack a glow-in-the-dark shark is anyone’s guess!
Another idea is that the glowing light is used to light up the ocean floor as the shark searches for food.
Yemeni fishermen strike it rich with whale vomit find worth millions
A group of Yemeni fishermen are laughing all the way to the bank after they found a dead whale loaded with whale vomit which is worth more than gold.
Strange but brilliantly true!
Whale vomit is better known as ambergris and is used by high-end perfume makers as it helps the smell last longer.
The lucky fishermen spotted the whale’s floating body 30km out to sea in the Gulf of Aden. But unable to take the prized catch on their own, they got together a group of 37 fishermen who dragged the whale back to shore where they discovered just how rich they would be.


“To improve epilepsy care services, most developed countries adopted national guidelines at least a decade ago, with these being regularly updated. Whenever possible, such guidelines are evidence-based, relying upon the body of evidence for best care practices in high income, resource rich countries with predominantly moderate climates. However, 80% of people with epilepsy live in so-called ‘developing’, low-income, or resource-poor countries in tropical or subtropical regions. For many reasons including resource restrictions, simply adopting healthcare guidelines created for higher-resourced areas and using these in resource-limited settings is neither appropriate nor feasible.”
In 2011, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) released evidence-based epilepsy-care guidelines for use in low and middle income countries (LAMICs). From a geographical, sociocultural, and political perspective, LAMICs represent a heterogenous group with significant differences in the epidemiology, etiology, and perceptions ofepilepsy. Successful implementation of the guidelines requires local adaptation for use within individual countries. For effective implementation and sustainability, the sense of ownership and empowerment must be transferred from the global health authorities to the local people. Sociocultural and financial barriers that impede the implementation of the guidelines should be identified and ameliorated. Impact assessment and program revisions should be planned and a budget allocated to them. If effectively implemented, as intended, at the primary-care level, the mhGAP guidelines have the potential to facilitate a substantial reduction in the epilepsy treatment gap and improve the quality of epilepsy care in resource-limited settings.


Temple made of speakers a modern Delphi oracle
Call 1-800-greek-temple. Artist Benoit Maubrey models a giant public sound sculpture on the temple built at the famed site of the Delphic oracle.
How do you create a 21st century version of an ancient Greek temple? How about building it from a giant pile of old electronics and making it talk?
For his electro-acoustic sculpture "Temple," artist Benoit Maubrey compiled 3,000 recycled loudspeakers, 10 recycled amplifiers, 10 recycled radios/tuners, and a mixing board and soldered the gear into a replica of part of the Greek temple at Delphi. The modern-day temple stands outside the ZKM center for art and media in Karlsruhe, Germany, where it will remain through March of next year as part of an exhibit on sound as art.
The sound, in this case, is white noise punctuated by the voices of people who call in to a German telephone number (072-1810-01818) that automatically broadcasts their musings through the sculpture's loudspeakers as if through an answering machine. Anyone can call in, and they can talk for up to three minutes.
Maubrey is director of Die Audio Gruppe, a Berlin-based art group that builds and .
His Temple measures 23 feet high by 46 feet wide and is shaped just like the tholos at Delphi built between 380 and 360 BC. In ancient times, circular buildings called tholoi served as sacred sites for communicating with the gods, and Delphi is probably best known for the oracle at the sanctuary that was dedicated to Apollo, god of music, poetry, light, knowledge, and more, during the classical period.
Maubrey's temple, it should be noted, isn't dedicated to any deity in particular -- unless, of course, you worship the god of gadgets.


After completing this chapter you should be able to:
- describe the major types of silvicultural systems
- appreciate the subtle differences between a seed tree and shelterwood system
- recognize some outdated and confusing terminology
- understand how reserves play a role in silvicultural systems and impact on terminology.
- patch cut
- seed tree
- retention system


This is voltage required to run this product.
Both Australian and New Zealand along with many other countries all run on a 240 Volt system.
For safety reason all products that are hard wired into 240v power, such as light fittings and ceiling fans, must be installed by a qualified electrician.
Voltage is defined as a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point.


Looking for pest education resources and activities for middle school students? You've come to the right place. PestWorld For Kids has various interactive games and quizzes, science fair projects, reporting writing assignments and more for the preteen in your life. If you're a teacher, we also have middle school insect lesson plans available for download.
Does your middle school student need to write a report for his or her science class? As an educational resource, we’ve created a 10-step procedure to help them communicate their knowledge of pests in a written report format.Learn More
Is your child in grades 6-8 and looking for a fun science fair project idea? PestWorld For Kids has got them covered. Try these two downloadable science fair kits on flies that are sure to put them in the running to win a prize!Learn More
Does your middle schooler love to play video games? Our pest game section will feed their need for an interactive activity by a computer, tablet or phone screen, while also teaching them about the importance of pest control to keep pests from causing harm to us and our homes.Learn More
Our bug and insect lesson plans for middle school classrooms emphasize both content development and critical thinking skills. View and download our two lesson plans to teach students in grades 6-8 about pest taxonomy and developing a public service announcement (PSA).Learn More


When Do You Use A vs. An?
There are all sorts of grammar rules out there. But, one of the most basic is determining when you should use the very first letter of the alphabet. Do you know when to use a vs. when you should use an?
Let’s break this one down!
A vs. an
The rule is: Use a before a word beginning with a vowel sound (not the letter). It doesn’t matter how the word is spelled. It just matters how it is pronounced. Use a before a word with a consonant sound as well as y and w sounds. Which means it is not unusual to find a before a word starting with a vowel or a before a word beginning with a consonant.
So, we say an MBA, an hour … but a BA, a horologist. You mean either a historical event or a historical event, according to whether you pronounce the h. If the h- is sounded (you make the “ha” sound), then a is the proper form.
Now that you’ve got that figured out, are you ready to tackle effect vs. effect?
WATCH: Two Nerdy Steps To Take To Improve Your Vocabulary


I came to New France to make a new life for me and my family.
Welcome to my Estate!
Agriculture and farming were very important in New France. People needed to grow crops and food to sustain the growing population.
The farm work can be hard but our landlord treats my family very well.
The seigneural system was established in New France in 1627. The Crown granted land to the wealthy, deserving people. The Seigneur (owner) would develop the land by building homes, a mill, and other buildings. These areas were like little communities.
Thank you for giving us this opportunity in New France.
The estates were 15km plots along the St. Lawrence River.The river provided water for agriculture and could be used for transporation
We love our new life in New France
To do all the work, the Seigneur would grant a piece of his land to a family. The family would farm the land and get their food and shelter. They were called Habitants. FACT: Habitants worked three days a year without pay; this was called a "corvee."
The Habitants paid taxes to the Seigneur to use the land. They also had other obligations such as giving the Seigneur a portion of their harvest. FACT: Seigneurs could grant hunting, fishing and woodcutting licenses to the Habitants.
The Seigneural System helped create family, neighbour, and community spirit in New France.


Around the tall, commanding figure of Colonel Michael Corcoran, of the New York "Fighting Sixty-ninth," a storm raged in the summer of 1881. Corcoran had been chosen by lot to meet the same fate as Walter W. Smith, privateer of the schooner Emchantress, with a prize-crew from the Confederate privateer Jeff. Davis, who was captured July 22, 1881, tried for piracy in the United States Court in Philadelphia, October 22d-28th, and convicted of the charge. Soon after the news of his conviction reached Richmond, Acting Secretary of War J. P. Benjamin issued an order to Brigadier-General John H. Winder to choose by lot, from among the Federal prisoners of war, of the highest rank, one who was to receive exactly the same treatment as prize-master Walter W. Smith. He also ordered that thirteen other prisoners of war, the highest in rank of those captured by the Confederate forces, should be served as the crew of the Savannah. It fell to Colonel Corcoran to become the hostage for Smith. Since only ten other Federal field-officers were held as prisoners, three captains were chosen by lot to complete the quota, and all were placed in close confinement. The United States was forced to recede from its position, which was untenable. Judge Grier, one of the bench who tried Smith in Philadelphia, aptly remarked that he could not understand why men taken on the sea were to be hanged, while those captured on land were to be held as prisoners or released.
visits since 03/12/2004.
Page updated 11/28/2004


As some evidence of this, it is claimed, first, that in the so-called "Peace Conference" held in Hampton Roads in February, 1865, Mr. Lincoln offered, if the South would return to the Union, that the Federal Government would pay for the slaves by making an appropriation of four hundred millions of dollars for that purpose. Indeed, it is claimed that he said to Mr. Stephens:
"Let me write 'Union' at the top of this page, and you may then write any other terms of settlement you may deem proper."
We undertake to say, after a careful reading of the joint and several reports of our commissioners (Messrs. Stephens, Hunter and Campbell), and after reading the message sent by Mr. Lincoln to Congress after his return from that conference, that there is no just foundation for any such claim.
Mr. Lincoln himself says:
"No papers were exchanged or produced, and it was in advance agreed that the conversation was to be informal and verbal merely. On our part, the whole substance of the instructions to the Secretary of State hereinbefore recited was stated and insisted upon, and nothing was said inconsistent therewith."
The instructions to the Secretary here referred to in reference to slavery were:
"No receding by the Executive of the United States on the slavery question from the position assumed thereon in the annual message to Congress and in preceding documents."
And the terms here referred to in the annual message to Congress were:
"I retract nothing heretofore said as to slavery. I repeat the declaration made a year ago, that while I remain in my present position I will not attempt to retract or modify the Emancipation Proclamation."
Certainly there was nothing in the Emancipation Proclamation which indicated any intention or desire on his part to make any compensation for the slaves of the Southern people.
And Colonel McClure, who, as before stated, is a partizan of Mr. Lincoln, and claims everything for him that could possibly be claimed, says this matter was not even suggested by Mr. Lincoln


Bacterial blight of cotton
|Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum|
|Cotton bacterial blight|
Bacterial blight of cotton is a disease affecting the cotton plant resulting from infection by Xanthomonas citri pathovar malvacearum  (Xcm) bacteria. It is the most important bacterial disease on cotton which infects all aerial parts of the host. Loss due to this disease was estimated for about 10 to 30% on different cultivars.
The bacteria can affect the cotton plant during all growth stages, infecting stems, leaves, bracts and bolls. It causes seedling blight, leaf spot, blackarm (on stem and petioles) and boll rot. On cotyledons small, green, water-soaked rounded (or irregular) spots form which turn brown. Cotyledons can be distorted if the infection is intense. Black and elongated lesions can girdle the hypocotyls and kill seedlings. On the leaves, scattered small dark-green, water-soaked, areolate spots, form measuring 1–2 mm on the lower surface, which appear translucent against transmitted light. The spots increase in diameter to 5 mm, become angular (due to leaf veination), brown and later turn dark brown to blackish, becoming visible on the upper surface. On susceptible cultivars numerous spots can occur, causing chlorosis, necrosis and distortion, and eventually defoliation.
|This plant disease article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


-Excerpt from the book Brooklyn Bat Boy.
Bobby Kelly is a 12-year-old Brooklyn boy who loves
playing stickball in the street with his friends and cheering for the Dodgers. Bobby’s dream of being part of the Dodgers comes true in 1947 when he lands the job of bat boy for the team.
There’s just one thing Bobby’s not sure about. The Dodgers are planning to do something that has never been done before. An African-American named Jackie Robinson will be playing for Brooklyn. Bobby isn’t sure how to feel about it, especially since members of his family and kids in his neighborhood don’t like the idea. In order to truly become part of the Dodgers, Bobby will have to learn to accept Robinson as a member of the team and learn from his example. This fictional story looks at an important point in baseball history from a young person’s perspective and highlights the time period, including using popular slang from the East Coast in the 1940s.
“I dunno if you noticed, but ever since Robinson started playin’ first base for the Dodgers, the world ain’t stopped turnin’. My head ain’t exploded. Baseball ain’t got destroyed.”


What is Cervictis?
Cervictis is an inflammation of your cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus extending about an inch into the vaginal canal.
Cervictis is probably the most common of all gynecological disorders. It affects almost half of all women at some point in their lives.
Symptoms of Cervictis
Often there are no symptoms and cervictis is discovered during a pap test or a biopsy done for another condition. When symptoms are present, the most common symptoms are:
The symptoms of cervictis are often confused with the symptoms of vaginitis.
What Causes Cervictis?
The most common cause of cervictis are STDs and exposures to certain types of bacteria.
How is Cervictis Diagnosed?
Your doctor will review your symptoms, take a physical exam, and take samples of cervical secretions (pap smear) and analyze it for signs of cervictis.
Can Cervictis be Treated?
Yes cervictis can be treated. The treatment will depend on the cause. If the cause is bacteria, an antibiotic may be prescribed. If the cause is an STD, treatment of the STD is needed.
Can Cervictis be prevented?
You can limit your risk of developing cervictis by:
We'll teach you how to #LiveTo100!
Join our newsletter!
RSS| Sitemap| Careers
©2000 - 2017 MamasHealth, Inc.. All rights reserved


This page describes getting your local environment ready for Ruby on Rails development.
For Windows users, check out Rails Windows Installer. This one-click installer will provide an environment with Ruby, Rails, Git, Sqlite, the DevKit, and SQLServer support. After the download is complete, you are ready to start writing and running Rails code. Check out their video for more details on the installation process.
The easiest and simple way of getting a Mac ready for development is by using the open source tool cinderella. Before you install it you will need to download Xcode first. Login with your Apple ID and then download the latest version of Xcode.
To start the process immediately run the below command after you get Xcode installed.
curl http://github.com/atmos/cinderella/raw/master/bootstrap.sh -o - | sh
The build will take about 45 minutes so go make yourself some coffee or tea while you are waiting.
Cinderella is a fully managed development environment for open source hacking on Mac OSX. It provides you with Ruby (1.8.7), Rails, Git, MySQL and a lot of other essential tools to be able to develop on your Mac. Go read up on the tools that it installs by clicking on the cinderella link.
Now that will get your environment setup, your next step is picking an editor that you are comfortable with. Some people prefer using an IDE and a good one for RoR development is Netbeans. You can download the IDE with just the barebones for Ruby development or you can get it with everything setup for Ruby, PHP, C++ and Java. Other people prefer to just use a text editor. Text editors alone have caused many debates between programmers. The three big ones are Textmate, VIM and Emacs. Textmate is the editor of choice for most RoR developers, but there are still plenty that stick with VIM or Emacs.
If you have feedback or questions about this page, add a comment below. If you need help, submit a ticket with Engine Yard Support.


autoPACK Visualization Challenge
Using packing software to convey humanity’s complex relationship with HIV in short films or images
Three-D animators have long sought algorithms that can pack odd-shaped things into tight spaces. Now, Graham Johnson, PhD, a QB3 Faculty Fellow in bioengineering at the University of California, San Francisco together with Arthur Olson’s Molecular Graphics Lab at The Scripps Research Institute (Ludovic Autin, David Goodsell, and Michel Sanner) has created an algorithm called autoPACK that can pack anything into anything—including stuffing molecules into cells to visualize how they interact in space. And, with support from the CG Society of Digital Artists and Autodesk, he is challenging both professional animators and the scientific community to use the algorithm as part of the autoPACK Visualization Challenge (http://autopack.cgsociety.org).
The Challenge provides participants with the necessary ingredients to produce visualizations of HIV in blood serum using open-source models that are as biologically accurate as possible and constantly being updated. The goal: to convey humanity’s complex relationship with HIV in either a short film (under two minutes) or a JPG image.
Johnson hopes the competition will not only build a large community of users and developers who become hooked on the program, but also attract both artists and professional, Hollywood-caliber 3-D animators from outside biology to help build on the open-source project. “They will most want the generic packing algorithm, but our core distribution will always come with the biological applications as part of the GUI,” he says. “And working with DNA and proteins as part of the competition will provide a biological hook into industry that we hope will continue long after the contest is finished.”


- Latitude/Longitude (Absolute Locations)
Panama: (capital city) 8º 58' N, 79º 32' W
Cristóbal: 9° 21' N, 79° 54' W
Palma: 8° 24' N, 78° 9' W
- Latitudes and Longitudes: (specific details)
- Find any Latitude & Longitude
- Relative Locations: (specific details)
Panama is positioned in both the northern and western hemispheres. Located in North America on the southern edge of the Central America isthmus - a somewhat narrow strip of land that connects North and South America - the country is bordered by Colombia, Costa Rica, the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.


In late March, 2016, two small comets swept by Earth. One (P/2016 BA14) was the closest comet in 246 years (see video), while the other (252P/LINEAR) was the 5th closest known comet in recorded history. The second comet moved into skies visible from the Northern Hemisphere in late March and early April, and many hoped it would become bright enough to be seen with the unaided eye. It has, but only barely. For the most part, it has remained an inconspicuous object in the predawn sky, visible to those who search with binoculars or telescopes. For a comprehensive article on viewing Comet 252P/LINEAR, plus a chart, look here. This comet will remain in our sky through about June. In the meantime, enjoy these photos from intrepid photographers in the EarthSky community … among the few, the proud, who’ve captured 252P/LINEAR on film!
Deborah Byrd created the EarthSky radio series in 1991 and EarthSky.org in 1994. Today, she serves as Editor-in-Chief of this website. She has won a galaxy of awards from the broadcasting and science communities, including having an asteroid named 3505 Byrd in her honor. A science communicator and educator since 1976, Byrd believes in science as a force for good in the world and a vital tool for the 21st century. "Being an EarthSky editor is like hosting a big global party for cool nature-lovers," she says.


Operating System: All
Applies To: UB students, faculty, staff, alumni, retirees and volunteers
Last Updated: February 15, 2018
Reporting a phishing attempt will help UB to stop future attempts and help to keep you safe.
Phishing refers to an attack that uses email to trick or fool you into taking an action, such as clicking on a link or opening an attachment and then subsequently asks for the user provide a set of login credentials or some other sort of restricted data.
Phishing should not be confused with spam. Spam involves irrelevant or unsolicited e-mail messages typically sent to a large number of people for the purposes of advertising. It is often from someone you do not know or is sent anonymously. Learn how to report messages to help eliminate spam on UB servers.


Mathew and Aaron, of Tikipunga Primary School, asks :-
How much electricity gets wasted every day?
Gordon Vickers, a physicist with the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, responded.
The obvious way of wasting electricity occurs when we leave on something which is not needed, for example a computer when you weren't using it. This waste costs nothing to stop. We have noticed that this type of waste is always worse when the person causing the waste does not have to pay for the electricity, for example children and employees.
A similar type of waste can be caused by using equipment in an inefficient way. An example would be using hot water in the washing machine when cold water will wash the clothes just as well if a modern cold water powder is used.
We can only guess at the amount of both these types of waste, which can be avoided by what we call "good housekeeping" (even in offices and industry) but we think over all electricity users it could average 10% of all electricity use. Savings from good houskeeping of home appliances could be as high as 20%.
Another type of waste occurs when the equipment uses more electricity than necessary because it is old or of an inefficient type. An example would be an older hot-water cylinder which feels warm to the touch because heat is escaping. In this case the waste cannot be stopped by someone turning the equipment off or using it differently (unless they like cold showers). They have to spend some money and buy a cylinder wrap to stop the waste, so they have to think about the savings and make sure that they will be more than the cost of the wasted electricity. We have done some more guessing here and think that 20% of electricity could be saved without spending more money than the cost of the electricity saved.


Every year, our SPCA Centers care for thousands of animals in need, and investigate thousands of animal welfare complaints. Looking at these statistics told us that we need to invest in education to impact the way people are treating animals in our country.
So for the past two years, we have been researching and developing the SPCA Education Programme. We believe this is one of the most important steps we have taken to reduce animal abuse in the SPCA’s 127 year history.
This evidence-based education programme uses animal welfare topics to teach children subjects of the New Zealand curriculum. It teaches animal welfare in a practical, real life way, for example: children might learn mathematics by calculating the costs of owning a pet, or persuasive skills by delivering a speech on the importance of desexing.
The nationwide launch follows a successful pilot programme in 22 Auckland primary and intermediate schools. Results from the pilot study show a strong shift in students’ knowledge, understanding and attitudes about animal welfare. A significant part of the programme is also about children developing empathy towards animals.
Thanks to our generous SPCA supporters, we’ve been able to offer the teaching resources completely free of charge to all 2,127 primary and intermediate schools in New Zealand.
By changing the way our children think about and behave towards animals, the SPCA hopes we can create a better future for all animals in New Zealand.
Primary and Intermediate school teachers can register at: www.teachers.spcaeducation.org.nz
Kids and parents can check out the student portal at: www.kids.spcaeducation.org.nz


Cat owners know that felines can’t resist an unattended box
Nobody is sure why cats find comfort in cardboard crevices, but researchers are working hard to uncover the truth. The most widely accepted theory is that as solitary animals, cats seek out safe spots to hide from predators and other members of their species. Wild cats actively avoid conflict with others, as a noisy fight takes a lot of energy and risks scaring away nearby prey.
Cats are also ambush predators, and a box could provide a vantage point from which they can sneak up on prey. Even though our pets have been domesticated over thousands of years, their instincts remain, and we often see behaviour that would help them survive in the wild.
A study in a Dutch animal rescue centre revealed just how much a box can mean to a cat. Researchers divided cats that had just arrived at the centre into two groups and provided only one of the groups with boxes. The cats with boxes adjusted to their new surroundings faster and experienced lower levels of stress than those in the other group. They reached normal levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, by day three, whereas cats without boxes took 14 days to settle down.
Photographs: Stephen Woods, GS-Bob
Image from www.flickr.com/photos/stuutje


Doctors Panayiotis Zavos and Severino Antinori claim they are ready to embark on the greatest human experiment of our age. They say they will attempt to clone a human being. Most people think the objections to this are ethical – human cloning would create many moral dilemmas.
There is another question that few ever ask: is the science actually ready yet for cloning healthy humans? Horizon follows the latest research, which has led many scientists to believe that Zavos and Antinori’s plans to clone the first human could end in tragedy. The program also meets couples who think cloning offers them the only way to raise a child who is truly their own.
For decades, cloning remained within the realms of science fiction. The idea that instead of combining a sperm and an egg, a new human could be made from a single cell taken from an adult, seemed completely absurd. But that all changed in February 1997 when Dolly the sheep became the first animal cloned from an adult.
Ever since Dolly, scientists have been continuing to experiment with cloning animals. So far, they have succeeded with a lot of side effects in cloning sheep, cattle, pigs, goats and mice, fueling the belief that humans could be next. You might also want to watch Human Cloning here at TDF.


Lesson 1 (from Chapter 1)
Across Five Aprils is a long book that involves a number of intertwining story lines, characters and plot twists. Following this mess of literary devices can be difficult when coupled with the colloquial language that Hunt uses. The objective of this lesson will be to create a plot map of sorts so that following the rest of the book will be easier and more enjoyable.
1) Discuss some different ways of mapping the plot. Open it up for discussion and take ideas and suggestions from class members. Choose the way you wish to map the plot in the classroom, and then have each student choose their own personal way that will help them the most. Checking on this assignment can be a continual process.
2) Review each separate character that is in the chapter along with their descriptions. Have the students identify each character named, and...
This section contains 10,542 words
(approx. 36 pages at 300 words per page)


Erythritol used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry. Erythritol is used as a natural sweetener, erythritol is about 60 – 80% as sweet as sucrose (sugar). The application of Erythritol such as in candies, chewing gum, chocolates, yogurts, fillings, jellies, jams, beverages, and a sugar substitute.
As a sugar alcohol, erythritol has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and in many other countries. Other sugar alcohols you may have heard of include xylitol, maltitol, sorbitol and lactitol.
Erythritol is used in food as sugar substitute in Milk, Yogurt, Ice cream, Cheese, Cakes, Biscuits, Pastries, Chewing gum, Hard candies, Soft candies, Jelly, Protein powder, Chewable Tablets, Oral liquid
Erythritol is used in diet soft drinks, flavored waters and milks, sports drinks, smoothies, iced teas, frozen beverages and soy-based beverages. Carbonated beverage, Non-carbonated beverage, Dairy drinks.
Erythritol is used in Solid dosage forms: Tablets, Coating agent, Lozenges, Diluent in wet granulation; Liquid dosage forms; Medicated confectionery, Medicated chewing gum in pharmaceutical.
In Health and Personal care
Erythritol is used in Deodorants, Hair Care, Oral Care, Skin Care, Soap and Bath Products
In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry
Erythritol can be used in animal feed/poultry feed.
In Other Industries
Erythritol can be used in Detergents.


This session we learnt the following:
Ahau - Myself
Koe - You
Ia - He / She
We can add these into the phrases we learnt in session 1.
Ko _____ ahau - I am ______
Ko _____ koe - You are _____
Ko _____ ia - He/SHe is _____
eg. Ko Moana ahau, Ko Sharee ia - I am Moana , She is Sharee
No ____ ahau - I am from ______
No ____ koe - You are from _____
No ____ ia - She/He is from _____
eg. No Rotorua ahau. No Tainui ia - I am from Rotorua, She is from Tainui
We also introduced the question:
Kei te pēhea koe - How are you?
Kei te pēhea ia ? - How is she / he?
Click here to print a copy of a list of the different emotions.
Click the button below to get a copy of the worksheet fror this session.


We’ve all seen Chemtrails in the sky and thought they were innocent contrails, those long puffy white lines of water vapor left when jets pass overhead. Yet chemtrails, tinged with oranges, yellows or purples and reflecting oily rainbows in them, are chemical laden; and they linger far longer in the sky than the harmless contrails. They are found much lower than contrails (below 10,000 feet), can create “cloud systems” 60 miles long. Analysis has shown them to contain powdered aluminum, barium, and pathogens.
A fascinating documentary has been produced that explores the murky world of chemtrails, also known as atmospheric geo-engineering. The full documentary, titled What in the World Are They Spraying!, is available online at: vimeo.com/16219493. Watch the video, post your comments here, tell us how you feel about it.


Thursday, March 10, 2011
"Future of Frogs"
The zoo's newest exhibit officially opens to the public tomorrow, Friday, March 11th! "What is this exhibit?" you ask. The Lake Superior Zoo is hosting “Future of Frogs,” an Animal Interaction Design Group (AIDG) exhibit. The display is housed in the Primate Conservation Center and will be open to the public through September 11th.
This exciting display highlights the delicate future of the world’s frog population and the impact frogs have on our ecosystems. The display exhibits several species of frogs from around the world, including White’s Tree Frogs, Poison Dart Frogs, Vietnamese Mossy Frogs, Fire-bellied Toads and American Bull Frogs.
The display also includes non-living interactive components:
-A frog vocalization kiosk featuring both audio and visual clips of eight frog species
-An interactive touch screen that explains the reasons for the global decline of frogs
-a giant replica of an American Bull Frog, suitable for climbing and taking pictures
-Jump Like a Frog- an educational activity about the challenges frogs face in order to survive
-Frogs, Nature’s Pest Control System- a puzzle about what frogs eat and how they help people
Hop on in to explore the wondrous world of frogs and learn about the challenges they face. From tiny dart frogs to giant bull frogs - there's something to see, something to learn and something to do for kids of all ages.
Labels: AIDG, bull frog, ecosystem, exhibit, fire-bellied toad, Future of Frogs, interactive, jump, Lake Superior Zoo, mossy frog, poison dart frog, Primate Conservation Center, white's tree frog
posted by Keely Johnson
Dreatori Alexis said...
There are some species of frogs found in Asia that are known to destroy crops. I never think that they would be a pest. Kermit the frog never become a pest in their show.
August 31, 2011 at 4:35 AM
Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]


After enjoying colorful blooms in your garden all spring and summer, it’s natural to feel sad about the flower gardening season coming to a close. Rather than wait until next year to enjoy homegrown bouquets, grow flowering houseplants.
Not all flowering plants can be grown indoors, but several plants bud up inside, and many of them light up the interior year-round. To have luck growing indoor flowering plants, keep the following tips in mind:
Proper lighting is the number one secret to getting most houseplants to flower. Without sufficient light, the plants fail to bloom and etiolate (stretch for light). Many flowering plants do best in an eastern or southern window.
Some flowering plants, such as peace lily and African violets, require indirect medium light from an unobstructed northern window. If either of these two plants get what appear to be scorch marks or the leaves yellow and the plant doesn’t flower, move it into lower light.
Fertilize flowering houseplants regularly. Blooming plants require nutrients to bud up, so feed the plants on a monthly basis with an organic fertilizer designed for flowering plants. Also top-dress the soil with a ½-inch layer of worm compost twice a year.
Water blooming plants correctly. Overwatering of flowering houseplants causes them to drop blooms prematurely, and constantly wet soil leads to root rot and plant death. Underwatering is also harmful, as it causes bud drop. Keep most flowering houseplants consistently moist but not soggy.
Launch the slideshow to see six easy-to-grow favorites!
Julie Bawden-Davis is a garden writer and master gardener, who since 1985 has written for publications such as Organic Gardening, Wildflower, Better Homes and Gardens and The Los Angeles Times. She is the author of seven books, including Reader’s Digest Flower Gardening, Fairy Gardening, The Strawberry Story, and Indoor Gardening the Organic Way, and is the founder of HealthyHouseplants.com.


Learn how to use the OS X Mountain Lion Finder feature to improve your knowledge of the Apple operating system.
When you connect a flash drive or external hard drive to your Mac, it is known as mounting the drive. Before you disconnect the drive, it's important to eject it (or unmount it) properly to avoid damaging the data.
If your flash drive appears as an icon on the desktop, right-click the drive icon and select Eject. The drive icon will disappear from the desktop. Alternatively, you can click and drag it to the Trash. It can then be safely disconnected from your computer.


The Difference Between A Prophet And A Messenger
From the pillars of the Islam is the belief in the Prophets and Messengers. The book before you explains this belief and educates the reader upon the upright creed of ahlus-sunnah wal-jama'aah without tafreet (neglect) or ifraat (exaggeration).
The author lists twelve differences between a Prophet and a Messenger:
The First: The Prophet is the one who Allah Informs
The Second: Most of the Messengers were sent to a Disbelieving People
The Third: The Messenger is sent with the Language of his People
The Fourth: The Messengers continue Conveying the Religion of Allah to their people up until they embrace Islam or Allah destroys them
The Fifth: The Messengers’ Legislation was Different in Most Cases
The Sixth: The First of the Messengers was Nooh (‘alayhi salaam)
The Seventh: The Difference between the Number of Prophets and Messengers
The Eighth: The Saving of the Messengers
The Ninth: The Messengers were denied by their People
The Tenth: There are Specific Rights of the Messengers
The Eleventh: The Agreement amongst the Scholars upon One Statement – that Maryam, Aasiyah, Haajar and the Mother of Moosaa – were not Messengers…
The Twelfth: The Virtue of the Messengers over the Prophets
After establishing these differences and the importance of having a correct understanding of the issue, the author discusses the need for Prophets and Messengers and the Wisdom behind them being sent by Allaah to Mankind. He dispels prevalent misconceptions and errors, including those who claim, "There is no difference between the Prophets and Messengers." He illustrates the correct understanding and status of the awliyaa and concludes by addressing and refuting the horrible errors and gross exaggeration of the some of the deviated sects. A comprehensive read on a matter that is widely misunderstood.


It is near the end of breeding season, and the crows just raised a bunch of young ones. They are ready to leave the nest and follow the parents around. They are almost as big as their parents are but they still beg for food. Young crows stay with their family for the first year, to help raise the young of the next season. So, you often see crows travel in large family groups year round. Ravens, which are larger than crows, do not stay with their parents. Instead young ravens form huge flocks and then they pair up and leave the flock. Ravens form pair bonds for life and they travel in pairs year round, and their young will not stay around to help them. If you see a flock a a hundred or more, then they are ravens, not crows. The calls of the raven are lower pitched than those of the crows. A typical flock of crows will only number a few to a dozen or so, not in the hundreds.
Following image is a flock of young ravens that have not found their partners for life yet. They try to impress other ravens with their ability to find food. That ability, instead of beauty, is what is attractive to other ravens.
In contrast, the following image is what a family of crows may look like as they go searching for food.


DNR is making its greatest investment ever in Wisconsin deer research. Photo courtesy of Emery Orlikowski of Green Bay
Wildlife biologists in Wisconsin have developed population models for deer. The model depends on information gathered primarily from the hunters themselves. Such information includes the actual number of deer harvested annually, and the sex and age of each animal. When applied to a specific geographical "unit," it is possible for biologists to accurately estimate the number of deer living in that unit. They can then estimate the numbers that may be harvested to keep populations at healthy levels that are socially acceptable to both hunters and nonhunters alike. For more information, please feel free to read "Wisconsin's Deer Management Program: the issues involved in the decision-making."
- White-tailed deer research projects
- Deer hunter wildlife survey
- Deer diseases
- What to do if you see a sick deer
- CWD in Wisconsin
- Precautions for using lead ammunition
- Wisconsin Buck Fawn Fact Sheet
- Deer-vehicle collisions
- Caring for Deer and Forests
- Wolves and deer in Wisconsin
- Controlling deer damage in Wisconsin
Monitoring winter impacts on deer
The SAK Stakeholder Steering Committee received a draft report reviewing Wisconsin DNR's use of the Sex-Age-Kill (SAK) deer population model. The report is from a SAK Model Review Panel consisting of biologists and statisticians selected by the SAK Stakeholder Steering Committee. The Natural Resources Board accepted the SAK audit report in February of 2007.
Tim Van Deelen, Wildlife Professor from the University of Wisconsin, provides a brief explanation of the SAK model.
Dr. Mark Boyce delivered the review panels draft report to the state Natural Resources Board on Dec 5, 2006 and repeated his presentation for this recording.
- Contact information
- For information on deer management, contact:
- Derek Johnson
Assistant big game ecologist
Bureau of Wildlife Management


Xacro – a better way to write our robot models
Notice the size of the
robot1_physics.urdf file. It has 314 lines of code to define our robot. Imagine if you start to add cameras, legs, and other geometries, the file will start to increase and the maintenance of the code will start to become more complicated.
Xacro helps to reduce the overall size of the URDF file and makes it easier to read and maintain. It also allows us to create modules and reutilize them to create repeated structures such as several arms or legs.
To start using
xacro, we need to specify a namespace so that the file is parsed properly. For example, these are the first two lines of a valid
<?xml version="1.0"?> <robot xmlns:xacro="http://www.ros.org/wiki/xacro" name="robot1_xacro"> ...


LETTERS TO THE EDITORS
To the Editors:
Reading Henry Petroski’s Engineering column “Bridges of the Mediterranean” (January–February) reminded me of a time during World War II when I was a young US Army Air Forces officer stationed at Finschhafen, on the east coast of New Guinea. One day I ventured from our radio station to explore the surroundings. After a short hike I heard people speaking a language I didn’t recognize and realized that I was approaching a native village. In a few more steps I found a small stream, maybe 20 feet wide, where some youngsters and young mothers were having a good time flopping around in the water.
By the far bank of the stream rested two rather large logs tied together with vines. About then an adult male wearing a small loincloth spoke in pidgin English, “You um Yank?” My response: “Me um Yank.” He spoke again and the women turned the logs so that they spanned the stream and I walked across into the village. People living very simply make bridges, including potential toll bridges.
Incidentally, if I had said I was an Aussie, they would not have spanned the stream with the logs. Most native people did not like Australians because they had used natives in forced labor in their coconut plantation prior to our arrival.
Robert W. Roberts
University of Akron


We all know about the annual Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest. Every year we gather our families together around the radio and listen to Vin Scully paint pictures with words. As he describes the gallant men consuming dozens upon dozens of hot dogs, every young boy imagines one day growing up and having such eating prowess, and every young girl imagines growing up and marrying one of these titans.
Yet October 9th marks the anniversary of the first officially sanctioned, major eating contest which took place in 1942. However, there used to be a little twist. During Japan’s invasion of China in World War II, soldiers competed to prove their supremacy in all facets of depravity. Most famous is the anecdote regarding the beheading contest between two Japanese army officers.
Less famous, however, was Hirohito’s eating contest – which translates literally to the name of “Honor Food Storm Garden” – which was issued as a challenge to his officers. Instead of seeing how much could be eaten within a time limit, a group of officers were each presented with ten pounds of salmon and the winner would simply be the man who could eat it the fastest. Also in attendance at the contest would be 5,000 Chinese prisoners of war – civilians and soldiers alike – whom the Japanese had starved in a pit for a week prior to the contest.
The victor was presented with an ancestral sword. The losers committed ritualistic suicide.


KidSummer Natural History Day Programs 2016
We offer a range of programs for ages 3 to 15, encouraging learning and appreciation of the environment through age-appropriate indoor and outdoor activities led by education/naturalists.
By focusing on relationships in nature and the inter-related web of life, CCMNH taught about biodiversity long before it became a widely recognized term. KidSummer programs focus on this important concept in age-appropriate ways, emphasizing biology, physiology and ecology. Children will come away with an understanding of the relationships among plants, insects, birds, and mammals.
Our Museum campus is surrounded by a unique outdoor laboratory- 400 acres of conservation land on Cape Cod Bay- that encompasses upland woods, alewife brook, beech forest, salt marsh, barrier dunes, ocean beach and tidal pools. Three trails wind through these habitats and a native wildflower garden. The programs are linked to the MA Science standards, based on STEAM: the Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math initiative that encourages creative thinking, hands-on experiments and innovative projects.
For information regarding scholarships please contact Barbara Knoss 508-896-3867 ext.119
KidSummer is sponsored by the International Fund for Animal Welfare .


How much do deer eat and what drives intake?
The feed requirements of deer differ depending on their age, stage of growth, the season, feed quality, environment and management. To maintain good levels of production throughout the year the feed supply has to match the stage of production and seasonal requirements in terms of usable or 'metabolisable' energy ('ME'), protein and trace elements.
In New Zealand, pasture is the basis of the majority of deer feeding systems, however pasture growth is not as well matched to the deer production system as it is to sheep, beef and dairy systems.
Intake is influenced by the amount of pasture offered to the animal (referred to as pasture cover, pre-grazing mass or height) and the quality of the pasture as poor quality pasture is digested more slowly by the animal, therefore reducing intake.
It is important to understand the different feed requirements for maintenance and growth.
Among the issues that need to be understood are seasonality and its effects on the growth of young deer, their feed requirements and practical day-to-day management.
Deer will make nearly 40% of their annual weight gain in spring, so supplying the highest quality pasture is a major priority from as early as late August when the deer growth spurt starts.
A failure to meet target weights gives early warning that feed management needs fine tuning. This is important for deer because of their seasonal growth cycle. An ability to grow well in spring and summer must be efficiently utilised, since missed opportunities at that stage cannot be caught up in winter. Ideally, producers should weigh at the end of autumn, winter and summer to monitor progress.
For more information about feed types and deer performance read Forages for deer: A Review by D Stevens
The following topics are available in convenient DINZ Deer Fact sheets.
Print off your own copies here >>


1.The rectifier transformer's load is non-linear impedance, and valve side windings of rectifier transformer would get the currents which contain fundamental and other high-order harmonic superposition. And line side also gets corresponding non-sinusoidal currents connected by rectifier circuit coupling method.
The valve side of rectifier transformer has a variety of special coupling method, such as: dual-back-star with inter phase reactor, three-phase bridge, star-delta parallel, six-phase bridge by inter phase reactor.
3,These high-power rectifier transformer is needed to use star-delta winding phase displacement, phase-shift windings by phase displacement, autotransformer phase displacement, to improve the number of pulse of rectifier equipment.
4,According to the user’s process requirements, the rectifier transformer line side voltage is required (such as 220kV) straight down to a very low valve side voltage (such as 1kV). The valve side voltage of rectifier transformer is required within a wide range of on-load tap from 5% - 105%.
5.Self-saturable reactor can be used to change over and stabilize voltage in order to smooth rectify voltage. And some use silicon control to regulate voltage.
6.Valve side current of high-power rectifier equipment is very large, reaching 100kA and even greater,it’s required the technology of reverse-phase parallel.
7.With the wide application of AC frequency control technology, newly developed three-crack drive rectifier transformer came into being. And the lower voltage valve side of this transformer cracked into three independent branches, which can be made to supply for three different load power, which achieve “ multi functional ” effect, reducing loss and saving area.8,Power and magnetic shielding technology and so on are used.


'At Fault', which mirrors Chopin's own life, was written at the beginning of her career and introduces characters and themes that appeared later in her acclaimed novel 'The Awakening'. Set in the post-Reconstruction South against the backdrop of economic devastation and simmering racial tensions, this is the story of Therese Lafirme, a beautiful young Creole widow, who falls in love with a divorced businessman, David Hosmer. When her moral and religious convictions compel her to reject Hosmer's marriage proposal, the two are set on a tumultuous journey.
About the Author
Kate Chopin (1850-1904) is an American writer born in St. Louis, MO who is known for her stories about bold women forging paths contrary to social expectation. She published almost 100 short stories as well as the novel The Awakening, which was widely condemned upon publication but is today regarded to be one of her greatest achievements. She was a influential author who introduced powerful female characters to the American literacy world.
Published by E-Kitap Projesi & Cheapest Books, February 1890. Paperback, 192 pages.


Controlling Gummy Stem Blight on Watermelon
Gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae (Fig. 1), was confirmed last month in Florida and we are starting to see a few cases in North Carolina (Fig. 2). Growers are encouraged to actively scout their watermelons seedlings to avoid planting infected transplants. If greenhouse transplants are infected (Fig. 3), it is advised to destroy the affected tray and any adjacent trays, since the pathogen will have likely spread to neighboring trays due to irrigation splashing, even if transplants look healthy. For a detailed description of the disease, its diagnosis, and control options, see our Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits fact sheet. The gummy stem blight pathogen can be seed borne, so planting pathogen-free seed and transplants, and not saving seed from an infected crop is critical to prevent disease.
The disease can be difficult to control in the field due to fungicide-resistant populations, especially if weather conditions are wet, which favors disease. Nonetheless, fungicide trials conducted in North Carolina (see previous post) revealed some products that are effective in controlling gummy stem blight on conventional operations. For a complete report of results from our gummy stem blight trials please refer to our demonstration trials.
When planing your spray program, make sure you alternate fungicide groups of products to avoid generating fungicide-resistant strains. You can find some example products on our Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits fact sheet. Growers are encouraged to read the 2015 Watermelon Spray Guide developed by Dr. Anthony Keinath from Clemson University, and the Southeastern US Vegetable Crop Handbook for the latest fungicide recommendations.


Ask questions about your science fair project here. Please be specific and complete.
To Whom it May Concern:
My name is Terik Daly. I am a freshman at Oak Grove High School in San Jose, CA. Current research that i am conducting requires that I accelerate particles anywhere between one millimeter to half a centimeter. These particles are composed of ferric iron, sediment, and trace minerals. The particles in question must be able to reach speeds greater than or equal to four kilometers a second. Are you aware of any equpment that does this? I need only the name of the apparatus. All and any leads are appreciated.
- Former Expert
- Posts: 649
- Joined: Sat Nov 08, 2003 11:27 pm
- Occupation: Scientist
- Project Question: N/A
- Project Due Date: N/A
- Project Status: Not applicable
Return to General Questions
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest


AMSA Fact Sheets
Published by the AMSA Scientific Information Committee
Salmonella Fact Sheet
- Salmonella is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a talent for adapting to its environment. This ability to grow or persist in many different conditions makes it particularly problematic as a foodborne pathogen.
Anatomy of a Meat Product Label
- In the U.S, labeling of meat and poultry products intended for interstate commerce is closely regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Beta-Agonists: What Are They and Why Do We Use Them in Livestock Production?
- Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists (beta-agonists, for short) are synthetic compounds that mimic some of the effects of naturally-occurring compounds by binding to beta-receptors on the surface of cells within the muscle, fat and other tissues of animals.
Mechanically Separated Poultry
- Mechanically separated poultry (chicken or turkey) is a low-cost poultry protein, which is produced by mechanically separating bone and attached skeletal muscle.


Discuss how the courts and laws structured differently for adults and juveniles.
Analyze determinate factors of when an adult or juvenile may be eligible for rehabilitative services.
Assess when a juvenile may be processed as an adult.
Analyze the value of adult incarceration and adult and juvenile rehabilitative services, how have these goals changed over time?
Use four to six scholarly resources to support your explanations.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
“Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!”
"Is this question part of your assignment? We Can Help!"


The Environmental Sector looks at the natural world as affected by human activity: The given land and the reasonable use of it is the guarantee for the human survival. The responsible handling of natural resources ensures amongst others the nutrition of the Zimbabwean population, the existence of sustainable infrastructures, the protection of preserve areas and, as a final result, the eradication of poverty. However, the abuse of the environment can encumber or even destroy chances of national development. For this reason, NGOs dealing in this thematic sector are covering a wide range from environment conservation, to agriculture. Especially on the priority field of agriculture – warrant of food security – current initiatives focus at increasing the productivity within farms; training of farmers on climatic adaptation, water and soil conservation techniques; as well as food sovereignty through production and storage of grains and livestock management. Another very critical field of actual NGO engagement is around climate change: NGOs sensitize about the repercussions spreading from the global warming and how people can countervail this climate change.


According to the Mayan calendar, the world goes kaput this December 21. You could prepare, but what's there to do—pack a suitcase? Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have a better idea: They plotted our demise out, with science. After studying Earth-like exoplanets, which orbit closer to their stars than Earth does the Sun, the team explored what would happen to Earth's chemical composition were the planet to begin drifting toward the Sun. The result is a big, steaming bummer.
A version of this article appeared in the December 2012/January 2013 issue of Fast Company magazine.


Making Meaning with Texts: Selected Essays
Grades 7 to College
No one has contributed more to our understanding of the relationship between readers and texts than Louise Rosenblatt. Her classic Literature as Exploration-now in its fifth edition-introduced the transactional theory of reading and pioneered a revolution that continues today in classrooms where reading and literature are taught.
She maintains that both the reader and the text are essential to the making of meaning. The reader is active, drawing on a reservoir of past experience to interpret the marks on the page. The implications of Rosenblatt's theory range from ideas about instruction methods to ruminations on authority in the classroom, on the page, and in our everyday reading lives.
Making Meaning with Texts brings together some of Rosenblatt's most important work, essays from the 1930s through the 1990s that explore the breadth and depth of her theory. She speaks directly to you, the teacher. In three parts-Theory; Practice: Education; and Practice: Criticism-she gives body to her ideas. The transactional approach expressed in 1938 has been widely adopted and remains vitally important to you today. This is a professional resource that you will return to again and again.
50 pages matching concern in this book
Results 1-3 of 50
What people are saying - Write a review
Review: Making Meaning with Texts: Selected EssaysUser Review - Jed - Goodreads
Rosenblatt is something like the grand old woman of literature education: she started publishing before the first World War, and kept going strong into the early 2000s. This book is sort of a ... Read full review
Transaction Versus InteractionA Terminological
The Acid Test for Literature Teaching English Journal 45 2
4 other sections not shown


Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 – September 9, 1945) was a military conflict fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan.
From 1937 to 1941, China fought alone with limited foreign help. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the war merged into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front in the Pacific Theatre. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the twentieth century.
Although the two countries had fought intermittently since 1931, full-scale war started in earnest in 1937 and ended only with the surrender of Japan in 1945. The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy aiming to dominate China politically and militarily to secure its vast raw material reserves and other resources. At the same time, the rising tide of Chinese nationalism and notions of self determination stoked the coals of war. Before 1937, China and Japan fought in small, localized engagements in so-called "incidents". Yet the two sides, for a variety of reasons, refrained from fighting a total war. The 1931 invasion of Manchuria by Imperial Japan's Kwangtung Army is known as the "Mukden Incident". The last of these incidents was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, marking the beginning of full scale war between the two countries.


Introduction: How to Create Pareto Chart in Microsoft Excel.
The Pareto principle states that, for many events, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.In this Excel example, we will see 80% of hair fall frequencies increase with 20% of causes like genetics,deficiency of vitamins, stresses etc. Frequency of hair fall is represented along ordinate or Y-axis and cauases of hair fall are being represented along abscissa or X-axis and the principle is being established through graphical plotting.Check out the video to understand most lucid way of drafting a pareto chart in MS-Excel.
please click on the following links for other excel videos :
We have a be nice policy.
Please be positive and constructive.


While most California employees are probably aware of the possibility of having a workplace accident and becoming injured, they may not first think of the types of injuries they might suffer due to long-term exposure to vibration in the workplace. Vibration injuries, however, are a very real and documented type of workplace injury, commonly affecting people who use power tools as a part of their daily jobs.
Many California workers may find themselves in need of workers' compensation if they sustain a herniated lumbar disc injury while on the job. A herniated disc occurs in the connected bones or vertebrae of the spine. Vertebrae are held together by strong and cushioned connective tissues called discs. These discs are made of a hard outer shell and filled with gel-like watery substance that absorbs impact from movement.


More Useful Stuff
So your grandfather had arachnophobia… Years later you realise you have a fear of eency weency spiders. Is there a link? Well, according to a new mice study, there may be. After examining the epigenetic transmission of experience in male mice to subsequent generations, researchers found that experiences of previous generations may pass on to the next generation. Authors of the study note that these may not hold true for humans. The original male mice were conditioned to fear the scent of acetophenone, a scent that activates specific odour receptor in the brain. After breeding the mice, the offspring showed a greater fear response to acetophenone but not to other odours. The fear response was thus associated with structural changes in areas of the brain used to detect the feared odor, and there were also epigenetic changes in the sperm on the gene responsible for detecting the odour. Here are the 13 Things A Man Shouldn’t Fear.


Chapter 1: What was it and Why did it Happen?
The Field of Cloth of Gold was the name given by contemporaries to a diplomatic visit by Henry VIII of England to Francois I of France in June 1520. The splendour and extravagance of the event was such that it attracted widespread comment across Europe. (The dates for individual events are not consistent in the records, so those given below have been selected, based on Letters & Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII).
In 1518 a milestone treaty, the Treaty of London, was agreed by some twenty-five different states in Europe. This was truly a landmark, as it bound all the signatories to a non-aggression pact.
As well as the Treaty of London to which they were both signatories, there was also the bilateral treaty of October 1518, between France and England, whereby Henry VIII's daughter was to marry Francois I's son and heir, the Dauphin Francis and Tournai (won by the English in 1513) was to be returned on payment of a large sum.
It was been agreed that this game-changing treaty between two of Europe's most bitter enemies should be underpinned by a personal meeting where the two monarchs could swear brotherly love and eternal peace and show themselves as equals.
If the Kings of France and England were to eschew hostilities on the battlefield, each would need to demonstrate his strength, prowess and chivalry in the realm of pageants, jousts and courtly displays. It was therefore agreed that the Kings should meet at a great tournament, rivalling the distant, idyllic days of Camelot.


10 people a day lose there lives to unintentional drownings in the U.S. In fact, it’s responsible for more deaths among children 1 and 4 than any other cause outside of birth defects according to the CDC. For kids up to age 14 years fatal drowning is only second to a car accident for unintentional deaths among children. Where do the majority of drowning incidences happen?
For kids under 5 years old, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission says it is private pools owned by family, friends and relatives. Now there is something you can do to strengthen the safety of a pool.
1) PoolGuard Safety Buoy Above Ground pool alarm model PGRM-SB
This pool safety device may look like a floating traffic cone as the only NSF certified floating pool alarm. After you add a 9 volt battery, plug in an in-house remoter receiver to sound the alarm within your home, it could save a life. Its in alarm ready mode until you use the included orange key fob to put it into sleep. You keep track of the key fob and not the kids. It retails for $149.95. www.poolguard.com PoolGuard makes an in-ground pool version too.
2) Future Drowning Detection looks promising.
An innovative approach is in the works by Coral Drowning Detection, a smart camera operating underwater from the side of a pool designed to identify a “pre-drowning event” with realtime vision analysis. The goal is to have the system recognize normal and safe swimming and water activities, and distinguish a person in distress or not moving.
When a person, especially infant or small child falls into the pool, it sounds a wall alarm and notifications sound and instant alert on smartphones. While in concept today, inventor, Eyal Golan, says they are targeting next summer to reach the market with a target price at $800.


Horticultural Substrates Containing Biochar: Performance and Economy
Authors: Suzanne Allaire & Sébastien Lange
This experiment consisted of using potting soil and replacing up to 100% of the perlite and/or up to 50% of the peat found in the potting soil. Ornamental species were used and grown in greenhouses.
The ornamental plants were trimmed and repotted to start the experiment. Different types of biochar were used to replace perlite and/or peat. These were grown outdoors.
The analysis is based on the price of potting soil. The replacement of perlite and peat is evaluated separately. The savings created by substituting peat and/or perlite with biochar is substantial, with millions of dollars in play for the Quebec horticultural industry. This amount increases when taking into account the savings incurred from fees charged from landfills to bury residual organic matter.
Available in PDF only.


(WASHINGTON) — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an order Wednesday restricting farmers and livestock veterinarians from giving livestock one class of drugs that are commonly used to treat infectious diseases in humans.
The class of drugs called cephalosporin is commonly used to treat pneumonia, strep throat, and urinary and skin infections. But farmers and veterinarians also prescribe the injection drug for illnesses in animals that are not listed on the drug’s label.
Federal regulators fear the more it’s used liberally in animals, the higher the likelihood the drug will lose its effectiveness in humans.
Starting in April, federal regulators will require restricting so-called “extra-label” use in cattle, swine, chickens and turkeys to only certain instances in an effort to stave off the threat of antibiotic resistance in humans.
The decision comes after the agency announced it was withdrawing its plan to limit the use of antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline that are used in the feed of healthy livestock.
Some experts say the current order may be part of the agency’s effort to deflect criticism after its decision in December to back out of its previous plan targeting prophylatctic antibiotics.
According to the FDA, cephalosporins constitute less than .25 percent of antibiotic sales for use in animals.
But according to Dr. William Flynn, the FDA’s senior advisor for science policy, cephalosporin is still one of many classes that can lead to resistance.
The FDA planned to ban the popular antibiotic in animal feed in 2008, but pulled back after receiving pressure from livestock veterinarians at the time. The current order would still allow veterinarians, in limited cases, to prescribe the antibiotics for some additional infections not listed on the label.
Farms will still be allowed to use an older form of the antibiotic, called cephapirin. According to the FDA, cephapirin has not contributed to antibiotic resistance.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


They typically weigh between 8 to 15 pounds. They can adapt quickly to new environments, making them an ideal pet for households with small children and seniors, as well as with other cats, dogs and various pets. They are avid hunters, playful, affectionate. The European Shorthair is suitable as a family pet, because they are eager to bond with their human companions.
Common Health Conditions
- Fatty tumors, called lipomas, may show up on your European Shorthair’s body. They aren’t cancerous and don’t need to be removed unless they keep your cat from getting around well. They’re seen more often in older or overweight cats.
- Compulsive cat chewing, scratching, or licking behaviors often develop in cats who are bored, stressed, or anxious. This can happen with the stressors of a new environment of family member.
- Vomiting is a very common problem with cats, and can have a variety of causes. Some of the causes can be food allergies, a sensitive stomach, or dietary changes.


Slopes that are steep are a challenge for most gardeners. They are often difficult to amend, plant, water, and fertilize, and are likely to erode. By their grade, these slopes can also create other problems, such as low fertility, lack of soil moisture, shallow soils, and erosion.
Creative ways to handle steep or hilly gardens center around construction and earthmoving solutions. Terracing, adding permanent containers, carving out plant niches, and using some specially adapted plantings are valuable alternatives.
Watering on slopes is difficult because the water tends to run off instead of sinking into the soil. Drip irrigation is a good solution. Use pressure-compensating emitters to handle the differences in elevation.
Taming a Slope
The simplest solution to a steep spot is to plant the hillside with a ground cover. Sprawling vines and groundcovers that root as they grow are naturals for hillsides. If necessary, spread straw mulch or pine needles and hold it in place with erosion netting. Plant through the holes in the netting. The straw and netting will prevent erosion until the ground cover is established.
Small individual planting holes can be scooped out of the slope and treated almost as a planting container. Small basins are created in the sloping soil, given lips to hold water and planting material, and then planted with small to medium-sized plants. Alpines look nice on rocky hillsides.
Terraces are good solutions for breaking up the downward plunge of a steep slope. Select timbers, stones, or any sturdy material that makes a good retaining wall and can be moored securely on the hillside. This solution is expensive in dollars and effort, but gives the most satisfactory solution.


Programmer Vasya was down on his luck. Instead of a vacation, he was
sent to a scientific conference.
“It is necessary to increase your competence,” his boss said,
“it’s an important conference on cryptography, and it’s held in France, where
they used encryption in the days of de Richelieu and cracked codes in the days
One of the talks at the conference was about the attempts to solve Bacon’s
ciphers. The speaker proposed a hypothesis that the key to Bacon’s secrets
could be found if all possible substrings of Bacon’s works were analyzed.
“But there are too many of them!” Vasya expressed his astonishment.
“Not as many as you think,” the speaker answered, “count them all and you’ll see it
That evening Vasya found on the Web the complete set of Bacon’s works. He wrote
a program that converted the texts into one long string by removing all
linebreaks, spaces, and punctuation marks. And now Vasya is confused because he
doesn’t know how to calculate the number of different substrings of this
You are given a nonempty string consisting of lowercase English letters.
The string is no longer than 5000 symbols.
Output the number of different substrings of this string.
Problem Author: Alex Gevak
Problem Source: ACM ICPC 2007–2008. NEERC. Eastern Subregion. Yekaterinburg, October 27, 2007


Artasires or Artasires Artaxias
the last Arsacid on the throne of Armenia, the son of Bahram Shapur, and the nephew of Chosroes. Moses Chorenensis tells us, that his real name was Ardashes. (Artases or Artaxes.)
He was made king of Armenia in 422, by Bahram IV., who ordered or requested him to adopt the name of Ardashir (Artasires or Artaxerxes). As Artasires was addicted to vices of every description, the people, or rather the nobles of Armenia, wished for another king.
Since the conversion of prince Gregory (afterwards St. Gregory), the son of Anag, the Arsacid, to the Christian religion, in the time of Constantine the Great, the Armenians had gradually adopted the Christian religion; and there was a law that the patriarch should always be a member of the royal family of the Arsacidae. During the reign of Artasires the office of patriarch was held by Isaac, to whom the nobles applied when they wished to choose another king; but Isaac aware that their choice would fall upon Bahram, the heathen king of Persia, refused to assist them.
The nobles thereupon applied straightway to Bahram, who invaded Armenia, deposed Artasires, and united his dominions to Persia, A. D. 428.


- Recommended Grade Level:
- Study Guide Author:
- Andrew Clausen
- For the Book By:
- Lois Lowry
- Study Guide Page Count:
- 69 pages
Click here for a sample section of the guide!
1994 Newbery Medal winner.
Jonas's community is a perfect society. There is no pain or hunger, everyone is provided for, and there are no problems. Jonas is chosen to be the next Receiver of Memory, the most important member of the Committee of Elders. When Jonas learns all that his society has lost to achieve perfection, he devises a plan to give the memories back to the community so once again, they will all understand right from wrong.
An excellent book choice to teach sanctity of life. Mature themes.
Our Interactive Study Guide will open with Adobe Acrobat Reader 9.0+. You may still print off the study guide just as before. But with the interactive files, students have the capability of entering their answers directly on the computer and saving their work in progress.
In 60 pages (plus an answer key), our E-Guide contains:
Easy to print off and use immediately!
I love progeny press guides! So thorough and well done.
Love this guide! Great questions and love the interactive feature.
I particularly like how the vocab was presented in different formats is each section.
The materials look like they will be very useful. I am looking forward to using them in my classroom. I appreciate having bible references in the questions. There are a lot of faith/morality issues to discuss when reading this book with students.


Violence and misinformation are threatening the World Health Organization's efforts to eradicate polio. Last month Abdul Ghani Khan, a senior Pakistani doctor, was killed by a remote-controlled bomb shortly after urging villagers to vaccinate their children. In Pakistan, Afghanistan and among Muslim communities in India, some local clerics have denounced vaccination as a pro-western plot to sterilise Muslims. The same rumours stopped vaccination in northern Nigeria in 2003, causing an international surge in polio cases.
In Pakistan, some clerics who command a loyal local following have even declared that preventing epidemics is contrary to Islamic law, and have described people infected with polio as "martyrs". In response, senior Muslims in Pakistan have issued pro-vaccination fatwa decrees. Some mothers are reportedly getting children vaccinated secretly for fear of local reprisals.
Meeting in Geneva last week, the WHO and the four countries where polio is still circulating - India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


Female Convicts Research Centre
Promotes interest in the female convicts of Van Diemens Land (Tasmania), by encouraging and facilitating research. From 1803 to 1853, 12,500 female convicts were transported to Van Diemens Land (Tasmania), as punishment for crimes, mainly theft. After serving their sentences they were released into the community. Their transportation left a lasting legacy. The Female Convicts Research Centre encourages research into these female convicts, mainly through its database, website and twice-yearly seminars.


"Longitudinal Wave - a longitudinal wave is like a sound wave in air, where the pulse travels parallel to the direction of disturbance.
Transverse Wave - a transverse wave is like a leaf floating in a lake. When a wave comes, the leaf goes up and then back down. So a transverse wave is where the motion is perpendicular to the direction of disturbance."
"A transverse wave is like holding 2 ends of a rope & moving it up & down. The movement of the rope will be perpendicular to the direction the motion started in.
A longitudinal wave is like holding 2 ends of a slinky & pulling it. The movement of the slinky will be parallel to the direction the motion started in."
METAMIA is a free database of analogy and metaphor. Anyone can contribute or search. The subject matter can be anything. Science is popular, but poetry is encouraged. The goal is to integrate our fluid muses with the stark literalism of a relational database. Metamia is like a girdle for your muses, a cognitive girdle.


The arts reflect the culture, and the culture reflects the arts. Culture helps people cope with their world, and is then transmitted from one generation to the next, primarily through its arts.
Choose any of the early American (native or non-native) cultures that we have studied so far and explain how its art reflects its culture. Using three specific examples (works of art, architecture, music, or literature), explain what the art says about the people who created it. Of your three examples, only one may be from the textbook.
Your final paper should be between 750-1000 words, follow MLA formatting (double-space, 12 pt. font, etc.) and include a Works Cited page listing all of your sources, including the textbook (America A Social History of American Art, 3rd edition, Frances k. Pohl, isbn 978-0-500-28983-9)