July 28, 1851 for the first time in the world was photographed a total solar eclipse. Many people know that a solar eclipse occurs when the moon is between the Earth and the Sun, and for a few moments, blocking it from observers. However, the phenomenon is still somewhat mystical character and each year causes millions of admiring spectators around the world to gather and watch with bated breath for the magic of nature.
In this collection we have gathered the most outstanding photos of solar eclipses and their observers, taken over the past few years in various parts of the world.
1. The total solar eclipse, also called “ring of fire” in the sky over Australia.
2. Thai students observe a partial eclipse through special glasses filters, Bangkok, January 26, 2009. (AP / Apichart Weerawong)
3. Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008 over the Great Wall of China. (Telegraph / Reuters)
4. Shooting in taymlaps solar eclipse over Australia, 2012 (Photo by Ben Cooper)
5. A partial solar eclipse of May 20, 2012 in the skies over Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
6. Solar eclipse of July 11, 2011, observed from aboard a cruise ship in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
7. Solar eclipse on the screen telescope, May 10, 2013, the Observatory Hill, Sydney, Australia. (REUTERS / David Gray)
8. Sun, partially closed shadow of the moon in the sky over Manila, Philippines, January 26, 2009.
9. Partial solar eclipse observed in Austria, January 4, 2011. (Photo by Robert Pölzl)
10. Young Buddhists of Myanmar watching a solar eclipse in Yangon January 26, 2009. (AP / Khin Maung Win)
11. Translation of the eclipse from the top of Mount Fuji in Japan, organized by Panasonic.
12. The total solar eclipse observed from the beach Ellis Beach, Queensland, Australia, November 14, 2012.
13. A partial solar eclipse of January 4, 2011, shot in northern France. (PHILIPPE HUGUEN / AFP / Getty Images)


A normal heartbeat produces a regular, identifiable pattern: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave. These segments show the electrical activity of specific parts of the heart.
The normal pattern of electrical activity that is seen on an electrocardiogram or ECG is called a sinus rhythm The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart; it begins the heartbeat by producing an electrical signal. This signal spreads through the atria, or upper chambers of the heart, causing them to contract. Electrical activity in the atria is seen on the ECG as the P wave. The signal then reaches the AV node, which transmits the electrical signal that continues through the bundle of His, the bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers. This causes the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, to contract. Electrical activity in the ventricles is seen as the QRS and the T wave. For each beat, the cycle begins again at the SA node.
©2022 Medmovie.com. All rights reserved. Medmovie.com creates and licenses medical illustrations and animations for educational use. Our goal is to increase your understanding of medical terminology and help communication between patients, caregiver and healthcare professionals. The content in the Media Library is for your information and education purposes only. The Media Library is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment for specific medical conditions.


Killiney Hill and Park
Enjoy the spectacular views of Killiney Bay and inland towards the mountains and the valley of the river Liffey,or northwards as far as the Cooley Peninsula in Ulster – on a good day! On the Southside of the hill there are the remains of an ancient church, “The Druid’s Chair”, an Obelisk erected in the eighteenth century and an old semaphore signalling station.
The park was once part of the estate of Killiney Castle (now Fitzpatrick's Castle Hotel) a prominent residence in the district. The original house, Mount Mapas was built in 1740 by Col. John Mapas. The property was owned in turn by a Mr. Maunsell, Henry Loftus, Viscount of Ely, Lord Clonmel and Robert Warren, who in 1840 enlarged the house and called it Killiney Castle. He also restored and added to the monuments on the hill. The park was purchased from his son, Robert Warren Jnr. by Queen Victoria's Jubilee Memorial Association.
Download Visit Dublin’s Activities Insider Guide to find out more about Activities in Dublin.


The Nevada Naturalist Program is an adult, environmental education program created to develop a corps of education naturalist volunteers to serve in southern Nevada. The program is a partnership with the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Nevada Department of Wildlife, Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada State Museum, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and others. The Nevada Naturalist Program is offered in two sessions of instruction created by Cooperative Extension with experts in each field of study and with full advisement and review of the partners. Upon completion of the program, participants will be certified to engage in community education programs, environmental restoration and enhancement projects, and other activities deemed necessary by the partners.
How does the program work?
To become a Nevada Naturalist, participants complete a minimum of 60 hours of classes in basic environmental education topics including: ecology, taxonomy, soils, water, endangered species, geology, native plants and animals, insects, invasive species, environmental laws and regulations, adult/child learning techniques, and biological diversity. After completion of session one, students are given the opportunity to complete an optional second session featuring environmental topics including: archaeology, cultural history, paleontology, conservation biology, habitat management, eco-tourism, water harvesting and more. Classes will be held in a variety of settings including classrooms, museums, and in the field. Additionally, students are required to complete a project on an environmental topic of their choice for each session. For both sessions, registration is first-come first serve and limited to 20 people. Session one begins on April 3, 2017 through May 27, 2017 and costs $195.00. Session two will be offered in the fall of 2017.
See Nevada Naturalist featured in the following:


Culture and Transfection of Axolotl Cells
The use of cells grown in vitro has been instrumental for multiple aspects of biomedical research and especially molecular and cellular biology. The ability to grow cells from multicellular organisms like humans, squids, or salamanders is important to simplify the analyses and experimental designs to help understand the biology of these organisms. The advent of the first cell culture has allowed scientists to tease apart the cellular functions, and in many situations these experiments help understand what is happening in the whole organism. In this chapter, we describe techniques for the culture and genetic manipulation of an established cell line from axolotl, a species widely used for studying epimorphic regeneration.
Key wordsAxolotl Cell culture Electroporation Limb regeneration Lipofection Salamander Transfection
- 7.Moore D, Dowhan D (2002) Purification and concentration of DNA from aqueous solutions. Curr Protoc Mol Biol, Chapter 2:Unit 2.1A. doi: 10.1002/0471142727.mb0201as59. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A person could get sick within a period of 1 day to 14 days before experiencing symptoms of coronavirus disease.
The most common symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are:
- hard to breathe
- aches and pains
- sore throat
Most people (or around 80%) will recover from this disease without the need for special treatment.
At present, no vaccine has been found to prevent coronavirus (COVID-19).
But for prevention, you can protect yourself and help prevent the spread of this virus to others if you do the following:
- Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and water (or rub your hands with alcohol)
- Cover your nose and mouth with disposable tissues or bend your elbows when you cough or sneeze
- Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with unhealthy people
- Stay at home and isolate yourself from others at home if you feel unwell
- Do not smoke and other activities that can weaken lung function
- Practice keeping a distance by avoiding unnecessary trips
- Steer clear of crowds or avoid crowds (stay away from large groups of people)
And, don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth if your hands are not clean.
As stated above that special drugs have not been found to prevent or treat coronavirus (COVID-19).
What is most needed when a person experiences symptoms is supportive care to help them breathe.
If someone has mild symptoms, stay home until he recovers.
Symptoms will subside if:
- rest and sleep
- keep warm
- drink lots of fluids
- a hot bath to help relieve a sore throat and cough
What to do if someone experiences symptoms of corona virus disease?
If someone has a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical care immediately.
Contact in advance and tell the health provider about the last trip taken. Or the latest contact with other people / outsiders.
Other articles about CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) read on Corona Virus (COVID-19)


Figure 6.7 Analysis of number bases
The command line interpreter must provide the user with information
about the current base and representation format. This is a simple extension
of the information provided by the interpreter in the previous prototype.
The design of this prototype is basically an extension of the previous one
with the addition of the classes required to handle multiple number bases.
The structure of the classes identified during analysis is quite similar to
the classes identified in the previous prototype, which were related to
representation formats. Because of this analogy we decide to adopt a similar
approach and to represent the base in use by the calculator through an
object of type Base . The resulting class diagram is shown in Figure 6.8.
The class Base defines the interface and basic behaviour, which are
common to all the concrete base classes, DecimalBase , BinartyBase and
There is an important difference between the number base related class
hierarchy and the representation format related one. Class Base can use
generic algorithms to convert between a string and a number; therefore the
subclasses need only define the parameters for such algorithms. In the case of
format the separation is achieved by defining a specific behaviour in the con-
crete subclasses. In the case of the base, it is achieved by customizing the
generic algorithms defined in the abstract class.
The sequence of calls to add a new operand to the calculator is described
in Figure 6.9. The command class calls the addOperand() method to add a
Table 6.5 Additional commands
Switch to base 10
Switch to binary base
Switch to hexadecimal base


School gardens are a growing presence in New York City, and for good reason. Research has shown that they are associated with a bounty of benefits for both students and teachers. A study in HortTechnology found that students with school garden programs in their science curriculum score significantly higher on science achievement tests than those taught by traditional classroom methods. In addition, teachers who work in school gardens had higher workplace morale and increased satisfaction with their jobs. Studies in Environmental Education Research and Journal of the American Dietetic Association show that children who are more familiar with growing their own food eat more fruits and vegetables and are more likely to continue healthy eating habits through adulthood. They are also more likely to accept people who are different from themselves.
Attached is the May Parent Coordinator newsletter
We will be having our one tour of the year regarding our G&T Tour on Thursday, April 20th at 8:30am. Please email firstname.lastname@example.org to RSVP.


The Fermi surface is simply the surface in momentum space where, in the limit of zero interactions, all fermion states with (crystal) momentum $|k|<|k_F|$ are occupied, and all higher momentum states are empty. Amazingly, Luttinger and Ward showed that the Fermi surface survives even with interactions to all orders in perturbation theory (Oshikawa later showed this nonperturbatively, see also the arXiv version).
The point of the Fermi surface is that this is where all of the low-lying excitations of the system live -- the Fermi energy is so much larger than room temperature that for room-temperature experiments, all of the thermodynamics is dominated by excitations right at the Fermi surface, and thus knowing its structure is very important.
A more advanced reason for the importance of the Fermi surface is that by knowing its structure (look up "Fermi surface nesting"), we can understand the instabilities of a metal, for example, for sufficiently low temperature, a normal metal settling into a charge density wave state.
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-04-01 17:30 (UCT), posted by SE-user wsc


A Bombardment that Would Paralyze Them
Back to Immigration
Frederick Burr Opper
April 18, 1883
Americans of English stock had long been prejudiced against Irish immigrants because of the history of Anglo-Irish relations. Some Americans despised the Irish because of their Roman Catholic religion and identified them with gang violence. Many Irish immigrants were poor, performed manual labor, and had inferior living conditions. They were stereotypically depicted as subhuman, as in this cartoon which alleges that soap and water would terrify them.
The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library


Diverse people and perspectives are needed to spur innovation and tackle societal problems. A wealth of untapped intellectual and economic potential exists among historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups – including Blacks and Latinos – who have not had equitable access to engineering and related STEM fields. For Blacks and Latinos who are accepted into engineering and related STEM fields, they face a number of barriers to their success which lead to low retention and graduation rates. In historically male-dominated fields such as engineering and related STEM disciplines, Black and Latino men have remained underrepresented at the student and faculty ranks. To uncover and tackle the “institutional barriers” that men of color face, nearly 50 interviews with Black and Latino collegians were analyzed to better understand the mechanisms that prevent them from maximizing their potential for success in engineering and related STEM fields. Interviews revealed that students must overcome institutional obstacles such as: (a) inadequate academic advising, (b) poor quality teaching, (c) limited course offerings, and (d) insufficient financial aid. This paper includes recommendations that are helpful to faculty, staff and administrators who are interested in increasing the number of Black and Latino male graduates in engineering and related STEM fields.
ASEE/125th Annual Conference & Exposition
Salt Lake City, UT
Number of Pages
Scholarly Commons Citation
Long, L., Henderson, T. S., & Williams, M. S. (2018). Institutional Barriers to Black and Latino Male Collegians’ Success in Engineering and Related STEM Fields. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/1041


The British Monarchy is a reference app that tells you everything you need to know about the history of the kings and queens of Great Britain, from around 800AD to present day. Each listed monarch links to their respective Wikipedia article — which for historical figures, tends to be a reliable source of information.
As there are over 150 listed monarchs, the app has three simple ways of helping you find the information you want: sort alphabetically, chronologically or use the search function. Also, monarchs can be saved manually by tapping the + symbol and accessed at anytime using the favourites tab.
If you want to research a monarch further, the app has a built in web browser that links straight to Google, as well as a section for making your own notes.
Overall, the app feels a lot like a book and there’s certainly a lot of reading to be done. It’s ideal for quickly referencing information but it’s not something that would hold the attention of a student.


if you had been a New South Wales voter, would you have been in favour of Federation or against it?
The road to Federation involved many issues that people had to consider. How could Federation serve the interests of New South Wales and, at the same time, help to create the best possible future for the nation as a whole? Could there be disadvantages for New South Wales and its people if it became part of a federal system instead of remaining a separate colony?
Imagine that you had lived in New South Wales in the late 1890s. What issues would have been most important for you and your colony? After weighing up the issues, what would your opinion on Federation have been?
Decide the importance of the issues surrounding Federation and how you would have voted.
- You have considered a variety of issues surrounding Federation, including:
- equal representation in the Senate;
- voting rights for women;
- distribution of money raised by a Federal Parliament; and
- location of the new nation’s capital.
- Find four or five classmates that had the same issue ranked as number 1. Work as a team to develop an argument about why your issue was the most important.
- Provide an introduction to the issue. Why was it an issue?
- Present your first reason for ranking your issue as number 1.
- State your second reason for your ranking.
- Outline your third reason for the ranking.
- Conclude your case with a summary of the arguments.
- Have the arguments presented by the other groups convinced you to change your mind about which issue was the most important? Using the preferential voting system, conduct a vote to see how the class ranked the issues. Cast your vote using the voting slip. Remember to number the squares from 1 to 6, and that every square must be numbered.
- Tally the votes. Which issue was voted the most important? Which one was the least important? Were any issues deemed to be of equal importance?


|Medical Services||Locations||Patient/Visitor Info||Programs & Support||Points of Pride|
Published: Synapse 2011, Vol. 2
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs in about 15% of all patients who are on ventilators, a machine designed to mechanically pump more breathable air in and out of the lungs. According to the Centers for Disease Control, it may account for up to 60% of all deaths from healthcare-associated infections in the US and can increase the mortality rate of vented patients. VAP is also associated with prolonged length of stay for patients (6.1 days) in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and greatly increases the cost of care.
To prevent the development of VAP in our ICU patients, the Hospital relies on its taskforce of intensivists, pulmonologists, critical care nurse practitioners, critical care nursing staff, respiratory therapists and infection prevention to research and introduce new protocols of care.
This team has seen tremendous success since its inception and is now celebrating more than four years without an incidence of VAP in the ICU.
The Hospital's success is the result of efforts dating back to the mid-2000's when it...
In more recent years, the Hospital introduced new methods of sedation; began using a special endotracheal tube to minimize secretions; started a different variety of tube feeding for therapeutic nutrition; implemented the use of a new technique for tube feeding to help reduce reflux; and established its own weaning method, known as the SSSh! Protocol.
Driven by nursing and respiratory therapy, the SSSh! Protocol is a three-part weaning process for patients in the ICU to lessen the amount of time they are on ventilators:
To maintain our zero-incident success in the ICU, the Hospital investigates new opportunities to prevent VAP , monitors the progress of its current strategies, and continues the implementation of the SSSh! Protocol, making adjustments based on measurable data.
Last Updated: 11/22/2011


The production and cost in the firm essays related to production and cost in the firm must look at its production process which is said to follow. Essay on process costing average cost per unit is found out by dividing total cost of each process by total production per unit pre-separation variable cost. Bingham corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system data concerning the first processing department for the most recent month are listed below.
Free essay: debate between job order costing and use the “job order costing” and “process costing variable costing allows only variable costs to be. Analysis of direct costs essay finished product through the use of labor and manufacturing overhead costs in the production process semi variable costs.
Fixed and variable costs essay cost will vary based on production of hamburgers a variable cost is a cost that in fixed and variable costs. Production and cost curve “production and marketing are parts of the single the total variable cost increases the production or sale would.
Definition of fixed cost and variable cost disclaimer: this essay has been submitted by a product is the direct monitoring and control of production process.
Explaining fixed and variable costs of production levels: as, a subscribe to email updates from tutor2u economics synoptic example essays (volume 1) for a. Short and long run/fixed and variable costs +1 these costs do not change, when production changes in the short run our process is simple. Published by experts share your essayscom is the home of thousands of essays useful notes on “fixed costs” and “variable production process if fixed.
Cost model essay cost model essay absorption costing is a process of tracing the variable costs of production and the fixed costs how do we account for the.


5S is a system to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results. Implementation of this method “cleans up” and organizes the workplace basically in its existing configuration, and it is typically the first lean method which organizations implement.
5S is accomplished through the following phases:
- Sort (Seiri) – getting rid of what is unwanted and not needed anymore
- Straighten (Seiton) – designating the proper location for needed items
- Shine (Seiso) – clean and organize workplace
- Standardize (Seiketsu) – everyone doing and identifying things the same way
- Sustain (Shitsuke) – integrating 5S into the daily activities
The 5S phases provide a methodology for organizing, cleaning, developing, and sustaining a productive work environment.
In the daily work of a company, routines that maintain organization and orderliness are essential to a smooth and efficient flow of activities. This lean method encourages workers to improve their working conditions and helps them to learn to reduce waste, unplanned downtime, and in-process inventory.
The Implementing 5S video is 16:40m in length and explains the concept in an easy to understand format. The objective is to give viewers an overall look at how to implement 5S.
The video is designed for business professionals who are interested in learning or teaching process improvement techniques in their workplace.


One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
1(in countries of the former Soviet Union) political power.‘the council represented the real vlast, the real power behind the front men in public office’
- ‘That party, liberal but critical of the vlast, was probably the perfect party for him.’
- ‘In Russia, human rights activists continue to be harassed by the vlast, by the authorities.’
- 1.1the vlasti The government or the establishment.‘policemen kept the centre lane clear of traffic for the exclusive use of the vlasti’
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


Ever wonder how they determine how many calories are in food?
Today, most of the nutritional information you find on food labels is generated indirectly, using what’s known as the Atwater system. So basically, calories are calculated by adding up the calories provided by each of the food’s energy-containing nutrients.
According to the Atwater system, there are on average four calories in each gram of protein, nine in each gram of fat, seven in each gram of alcohol, and four in each gram of carbohydrates. You’ve probably seen that conversion scale on the label of various potato chip bags.
Also, because some carbs contain fiber that your body can’t break down, their total is adjusted accordingly before figuring out calories. Atwater came to these figures using a bomb calorimeter.
Using a bomb calorimeter is a much more involved process. You’d have to place your food in a sealed container, then submerge it in water. After that, since a calorie is defined as the amount of energy it takes to heat up a kilogram of water one degree centigrade, you’d burn the food and figure out how much the temperature of the water has changed.


Today, the importance and benefits of early language learning are widely acknowledged. Based on research evidence, this ECML website responds to the question “What makes language learning inspiring for young children?”. Core thoughts on language learning along with practical examples are presented on the website. Seven main areas, ranging from general topics to concrete, practical examples inform the website. The proposed ideas aim to encourage children and adults to develop their linguistic skills, learn new languages and open themselves to the languages around them. Above all, they have been designed to make language learning enjoyable, accessible and inspirational for both children and adults alike.


Every child deserves
This week the volunteers reviewed the parts of the face vocabulary which the kids had learned with their English language Curriculum and computer program called Little Reader, which is a part of a Scholarship by EEECF through LLI-Mexico . Most of the students were on a field trip so the class was much smaller and quieter than usual. We gave each child a white board and marker and had them write and rewrite the vocabulary words there.
The volunteers had flash cards with photos and printed words to show the kids. Some children are much quicker than others with writing but they all got it. Then they turned their white boards over and drew faces with the features suggested by the volunteer. And finally they labeled all the parts of the face in English. Great fun and great artists!


LONDON: One dose of either Pfizer-BioNTech’s or AstraZeneca’s Covid-19 vaccine helps to prevent disease severe enough to require hospitalisation of people in their 80s with other illnesses, interim data from a UK study showed on Wednesday.
The findings, from an ongoing surveillance project funded by Pfizer and known as AvonCap, found that one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech shot, which began to be used in Britain on Dec 8, 2020, was 71.4% effective from 14 days at preventing symptomatic illness severe enough to result in hospitalisation among patients with a median age of 87 years.
For the AstraZeneca vaccine, which began to be rolled out in Britain on Jan 4, the results showed it was 80.4% effective by the same measures among patients with an average age of 88.
“These early results show the UK Covid-19 vaccine programme is working better than we could have hoped,” said Adam Finn, a professor of paediatrics and chief investigator of the AvonCAP study at Britain’s University of Bristol.
He said the findings showed how the vaccines can reduce the burden of serious Covid-19 in elderly, high-risk populations, and relieve pressure on health services.
The results add to other early findings from studies of vaccine roll-outs in Israel, Scotland and England, which have also pointed to high effectiveness from the first doses.
A UK study among healthcare staff found last week that a single dose of Pfizer’ vaccine cut the number of asymptomatic infections by about 75%, which would significantly reduce the risk of transmission of the virus.
A study in Israel, which last week confirmed an efficacy of well over 90% for Pfizer’s two-shot vaccine, also showed a single shot was 57% effective in protecting against symptomatic infections after two weeks.


People feel stressed when they feel like the demands or pressures on them are more than what they can cope with. Everyone feels stressed at times. You may feel under pressure, worried, tense, upset, sad, and angry – or maybe a mixture of uncomfortable feelings. These feelings can be entirely normal, but sometimes stress can get too much and can even trigger a mental illness. Sometimes people try to ‘block out’ stress by using drugs or alcohol. This makes things worse in the long run.
It is important to get help if stress is getting too much or you are using drugs or alcohol to try and cope.
There are many reasons why you might feel stressed. For example:
Stress can be even worse if your family is breaking up, someone close to you is ill or dies, or if you are being physically or sexually abused.
People vary in the amount that they get stressed by things - you may find that you get very stressed out by exams, but your friends don’t seem bothered!
Positive events can also be stressful! For example starting a new college or going to university. Many people need a little bit of stress to give them the “get up and go” to do things that are important to them.
Stress can affect different people in different ways. Stress can affect your body and your feelings. Some of the effects are listed below:
Effects on your body:
Effects on your feelings:
There are several things that you can do to help yourself cope.
Sometimes stress gets on top of you, especially when the situation causing the stress goes on and on and the problems just seem to keep building up. You can feel trapped, as if there is no way out and no solution to your problems. If you feel like this, it is important to get help.
Signs that stress is getting too much and that you should get help:


Read the full story at Waste Dive.
In the 2015 film “Just Eat It,” journalist and author Jonathan Bloom says that food waste is “one of the last environmental ills that you can just get away with,” mocking society’s so-called “environmental consciousness” despite its ignorance of some obvious issues. This acceptance of food waste is ironic, and raises a red flag for environmental advocates and waste professionals alike. Food waste will keep piling up if industry leaders don’t inform consumers and retailers on how massive of an issue it really is.
Changing consumer habits or structural supply chain systems is no easy task. It involves educational campaigns, marketing and consistent reminders. These tactics can increase scrap collection rates, boost support of organics processing systems, or ultimately mitigate the problem from the source, making education highly important for industry leaders to pursue.
The magnitude of food waste can be hard to conceptualize, yet understanding this magnitude is the first step toward building a mindful society. Waste Dive compiled eight of the most impactful numbers that put into perspective just how vast the issue really is — and what the industry is doing to address it.


Gum (periodontal) treatment methods depend upon the type and severity of the disease. Dr. Cross and your dental hygienist will evaluate you for gum disease and recommend the appropriate treatment.
Gum disease progresses as the sulcus (pocket or space) between the tooth and gums gets filled with bacteria, plaque, and tartar, causing irritation to the surrounding tissues. When these irritants remain in the pocket space, they can cause damage to the gums and eventually, the bone that supports the teeth!
If the disease is caught in the early stages of gingivitis, and no damage has been done, one to two regular cleanings will be recommended. You will also be given instructions on improving your daily oral hygiene habits and having regular dental cleanings.
If the pockets are 4 to 5 millimeters or deeper, a special periodontal cleaning called scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) will be recommended. It is usually done one quadrant of the mouth at a time while the area is numb. In this procedure, tartar, plaque, and toxins are removed from above and below the gum line (scaling) and rough spots on root surfaces are made smooth (planing). The diseased tissue deep in the pocket is also removed. This procedure helps gum tissue to heal and reattach to the root and the pockets to shrink. Medications, special medicated mouth rinses, and an electric tooth brush may be recommended to help control infection and healing.
If the disease is advanced or if the pockets do not heal after scaling and root planing, Dr. Cross may recommend that you see a Periodontist (specialist of the gums and supporting bone). Periodontal surgery may be needed to reduce pocket depths, making teeth easier to clean.


In this article, it is argued that rules have two main functions, the practice-defining function and the constraining (fact-to-fact) function. These two functions are compatible. In their function as constraints, some rules are also indirectly regulative. In both of their functions, rules differ from the summaries (rules of thumb) that Rawls discussed and opposed to the constitutive (fact-to-fact) rules which make that some decisions are the right ones. In his work, first on the philosophy of language and later on social ontology, Searle focused on one kind of constitutive rules: counts-as rules, which are constitutive in the sense that they attach new facts to the existence of “old” ones. In doing so, Searle created the scientific interest in constitutive rules which they deserve. However, because of his narrow focus on counts-as rules, Searle also created the impression that counts-as rules are all there is to constitutive rules. This impression is wrong, if only because it overlooks dynamic rules.
Through the ground-breaking work of Searle, the notion of a constitutive rule received the attention it deserves. However, this very notion was used by Searle in two different senses. The one sense is that of a rule which partly defines a social practice by being part of it. I will call such constitutive rules “practicedefining rules”. Constitutive rules in the other sense are rules which attach new facts to old ones. I will call such constitutive rules “fact-to-fact rules
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1% of Non-roadway Fatalities*
Workers in machinery operation play a role in dozens of industries, including printing, fabricating, metalworking, packaging, textiles, woodworking and more. Machines perform specific duties based on the industry, thus operators must have proper training to control the various actions of machines to ensure safety at work. **
The information in each section below is listed in the order of relevance to the hazardous situation.
Situational risks – inherent to the situation or proximate cause of injury
Systemic risks – contribute to injury but are not direct causes
Relevant Technology Solutions for machinery operation


Pazhassi tomb is profound memorial made in the memory of Veera Pazhassi Raja, the Lion of Kerala and a freedom fighter who revolted against the British for the independence of India. After Tipu Sultan, Pazhassi Raja was the last king that rebelled against the British. After his death, a small memorial was made in Wayanad. Inside the Pazhassi tomb, tourists can see the prices possessions of the freedom fighter.
The memorial is managed by the State Archaeology Department and has mural paintings, antique bronzes, ancient coins, models of temples, umbrella stones, dolmenoid cists (quadrangular burial chambers with capstones), and similar megalithic monuments in its complex. Inside the memorial, there is an art gallery where the work of known artist Raja Ravi Varma is one display.
07:00 AM to 07:00 PM, Open all days
345, Hospital Road, Mananthavady, Kerala 670645, India


23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded or missing after twelve hours of savage combat on September 17, 1862. The Battle of Antietam ended the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's first invasion into the North and led to Abraham Lincoln's issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam National Battlefield is a National Park Service protected area along Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Washington County, northwestern Maryland. It commemorates the American Civil War Battle of Antietam that occurred on September 17, 1862.
The area, situated on fields among the Appalachian foothills near the Potomac River, features the battlefield site and visitor center, a national military cemetery, stone arch Burnside's Bridge, and a field hospital museum. Today, over 330,000 people visit the park each year.


New Delhi: New research findings have revealed a significant increase in the number of Indians suffering from poor eyesight, with only one in five adults going for regular eye-checkups and an alarming 84 per cent admitting to not following their doctor's advice for eye-care.
The study by Signify, formerly known as Philips Lighting, covered 1,000 Indian adults and 300 ophthalmologists across top 10 Indian cities.
While 65 per cent adults claimed that a healthy eyesight is a key priority for their well-being, very few people take steps to actively maintain their vision, Signify said in a statement on Wednesday.
The study also highlighted that Indians spend over 14 hours daily indoors under artificial light, and the quality of lighting becomes an important factor in maintaining eye health.
As per the research, ophthalmologists state that 3 in 4 Indians complain of eye strain after 10 hours of daily screen time, and young adults in the age group of 20-35 years frequently report eye strain, redness and irritation in the eyes.
According to Indian ophthalmologists, many factors can lead to deterioration in eyesight and eye discomfort.
Bad lighting (64 per cent), a poor lifestyle (92 per cent) and other health issues like diabetes (82 per cent) were indicated as leading factors by ophthalmologists in the country.
Almost all doctors also agreed that lighting can play an important role in maintaining eye health and that flicker, too much brightness and incorrect positioning of the light source can hurt eyes in the long term.


Nine justices, appointed for life by the President, with the "advice and consent" of the Senate, interpret and apply the Constitution and all federal statutes, usually after decision by federal courts of appeals and state supreme courts. The Supreme Court hears argument in about 170 cases each year. If you lose your case in the federal court of appeals (or, sometime, in the state supreme court as here in New Hampshire), you can ask the Supreme Court to hear your appeal. However, unlike a court of appeals, the Supreme Court doesn't have to hear it. In fact, the Supreme Court hears only a small number of the cases it is asked to take.


National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program - South Platte River Basin
Changes in Groundwater Quality in Corn Crop Areas
Map of Study Location
Determine long-term changes in the quality of groundwater in the South Platte alluvial (groundwater adjacent to the stream)
aquifer underlying corn crop areas.
Determine how groundwater quality has changed
in response to changes in agricultural management practices.
Resample 30 wells for targeted physical
and chemical data.
Initial sampling occurred in the summer of 1994.
The second round of sampling occurred in the summer of 2002.
- Targeted Physical and Chemical Data:
Physical parameters, nutrients, pesticides, organic
carbon, trace elements, and major ions.


Mathematics of Games
|Responsible||Dr. Jens Maßberg|
|Type||MATH, 4 Hours Course, 2 Hour Exercises (4+2)|
|Place and Time||Course:|
Game theory is the study of multiperson decision problems. Such problems arise frequently in competitive scenarios where knowledge is distributed, such as in economics. For instance, oligopolies incorporate multiperson problems: each one must consider what the others will do in order to achieve success in a competitive environment. The same happens in auctions, where several people might be interested in the very same item. How to act in the best of ways when competition is present among participants with conflictive interests? Does cooperation help in such a scenario? In which cases?
In this class, we will cover a handful of models in game theory, including models of static and dynamic information, as well as of complete and incomplete information. We will also study a variety of stable optimal solutions, including: nash equilibrium, subgame-perfect equilibrium, bayesian equilibrium, perfect bayesian equilibrium.
Several examples are given, such as in the context of oligopolies, auctions, bargaining, tariff and wage competition, cooperative games, finite and infinite repeated games, zero sum games, signaling games, mechanism design, reputation.
- First class is on Monday, the 13th of April.
- On Thursday, the 16th there will be a class instead of an exercise.
- Please register to the moodle page of this course: MOODLE
- If available, please bring a mobile device (mobile phone, tablet, notebook, ...) to the class which is able to connect to the university's WiFi.


|Phenological Gardens Protocol|
The purpose of this resource is to observe the flowering and leaf stages of selected garden plants throughout the year. After a phenological garden is planted, students observe the growth of leaves and blooming of flowers on the plants. These plants were selected because each plant blooms at a different time in the year.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
Adobe Acrobat reader
Cost / Copyright:
For science/educational use consistent with the methodologies of the GLOBE Program.
DLESE Catalog ID: GLOBE-251
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher:
Author: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
The GLOBE Program


(died 777 CE) was an 8th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He should not to be confused with his son Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer. He composed various astronomical writings (“on the astrolabe”, “on the armillary spheres”, “on the calendar”).
The Caliph ordered him and his son to translate the Indian astronomical text, The Sindhind along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq, which was completed in Baghdad about 750 CE, and entitled Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab. This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numeral system (i.e. modern number notation) was transmitted from India to Iran.
At the end of the eighth century, while at the court of the Abbasid Caliphate, this Muslim geographer mentioned Ghana, “the land of gold.”


This week at the Alderleaf Wilderness Certification Program the students learned how to make survival bows. A survival bow is bow made immediately after harvesting a stave (so that you can use it right away when in a survival situation). For a long-term bow you would want to let the wood season for at least a year.
Not only did the students learn additional carving techniques but they also got to learn more about the used of vine maple (Acer circinatum). Vine maple is a great choice of wood for survival bows. Not only is it a hard wood, but it grows as a shrub like tree with slender trunks. The slender trunks don’t require much carving and are perfect for survival bows. There is a sense of empowerment when you are able to go out and find a piece of wood on the landscape and make something useful out of it.
Here a bow is going through a tillering check. The tillering process is making sure both sides of the bow bend evenly. Not only do you want each limb to bend evenly, you also want each limb to bend with the exact the same curvature - they should be a mirror image of each other. This is perhaps the most important part in making your bow. If one side of your bow bends less, that is the side you will want to remove more material from. Continue doing this until both limbs bend equally and evenly.
Here Alderleaf Instructor Jeremy demonstrates how to string a bow using the step through method.
After the students finished their bows they got to have an
archery competition. Survival bows work
quite well and if you care for them properly can last a
Learn about the Alderleaf Wilderness Certification Program, our in-depth, nine-month course that trains students in wilderness survival, permaculture, wild edible & medicinal plants, wildlife tracking, naturalist, and outdoor leadership skills.


A new software developed at LLNL, and known as Skywing, provides domain scientists working to protect the nation’s critical infrastructure with a high-reliability, real-time software platform for collaborative autonomy applications. The U.S. modern critical infrastructure—from the electrical grid that sends power to homes to the pipelines that deliver water and natural gas and the railways and roadways we travel—is full of digitized components. To defend against cyber-attacks and harden the system, multidisciplinary teams of mathematicians, systems analysts, power engineers, cybersecurity experts, and computational scientists have turned to collaborative autonomy—a new class of computational techniques that teach networked devices how to self-organize into a collective whole. Skywing is an open-source, high-reliability, real-time, decentralized software platform for domain scientists, mathematicians, and computer scientists exploring collaborative autonomy applications for critical infrastructure. Skywing provides approaches and solutions for real-world applications that solve problems and allow for confidence in the results. It also helps lower the barrier to entry for those who may lack fluency in decentralized software development. Read more at LLNL News.


- on Microcontrollers
- Published in issue 7/2000 on page 0
I/U curve tracer
driven via the PC printer port
With a set of Maxim A/D and D/A converters and a handful of other components, you can make a curve tracer that can be driven from the printer port of a PC. A simple BASIC program takes care of the communication between the PC and the measurement circuit, and also converts the measured values into graphic form for display on the monitor.Not long ago, it was common practice to measure the I/U characteristics of a semiconductor device using an X-Y oscilloscope and a suitable measuring circuit. An electronics engineer can extract a lot of information about the operation of the semiconductor from these curves.In the present computer age, the I/U curve may well have dropped into obscurity, but it is still useful for evaluating a number of specific semiconductor characteristics. The only difference is that we no longer need an oscilloscope, since we can instead employ the versatile PC.


Introduction to Psychology 2-IKV-111
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mind. Through this introductory course, students of cognitive science will have the opportunity to understand several essential topics in science of psychology. After introducing the most influential schools of thought and fundaments of research methods in psychology, selected key concepts related to cognition and emotion are discussed. These concepts range from elementary psychological phenomena to more complex psychological functions concerning sensation, perception, attention, memory, thinking and creativity.
- First lesson is postponed from 21.9.2016 to 28.9.2016!
- Autor: Názov knihy. Vydavateľ, rok. V knižnici Univerzitnej/SAV/Fakulty …
- Autor: Názov článku. Časopis, vydavateľ, rok. Stránka článku na webe časopisu
Schedule, teacher, and contact
Each lesson starts at 9:50 AM in room I-9 and consists of a two-hour lecture and an one-hour seminar (approximately). Course is taught by Mgr. Martin Marko, PhD.. You can contact me via email email@example.com.
Course Schedule at candle.fmph.uniba.sk.


The North Dakota Department of Public Instruction (NDDPI) and the R11CC have partnered with the Central Regional Education Association (CREA), the North Dakota University System, and more than 20 Targeted Support and Improvement (TSI) schools and districts to support significant, durable, evidence-based changes. Project activities are aimed at testing and refining evidence-based practices to reduce achievement gaps in student subgroup performance. Improvement science is a problem-solving approach centered on continuous inquiry and learning. Changes in practice are tested in rapid cycles, resulting in efficient and practical feedback to inform school and district system improvements. A core principle of improvement science is that a system’s performance is a result of its design and operation, not simply a result of individuals’ efforts within the system. Building from this foundation, the project is focused on helping school and district teams build a shared understanding about how their systems work, where “bright spots” and breakdowns occur, and what actions can be taken to improve overall schoolwide performance. The team is currently working on providing tools for teachers, principals, and district-level leaders to use at each step of the school renewal journey, from clearly defining the root problem to be solved to scaling up bright spots/improvements.


When prepping for a marathon, most people will give at least some consideration to their nutritional and hydration needs during the race. These are essential components for a successful race and are not to be overlooked. Unfortunately, a lot of people have to deal with a sensitive stomach or indigestion problems and cannot tolerate consuming good sources of energy. These people (as well as everybody else) would benefit from a carb mouth rinse.
What is a carb mouth rinse? Exactly what it sounds like. Swishing some form of carbohydrate (ie gatorade) in your mouth for 5 to 10 seconds and then spitting it out.
The science behind it: the glucose—or whatever form of carbohydrate is consumed— is infused via oral receptors in your mouth, as opposed to the regular absorption process of digestion. Studies have shown that the reward centers of the brain are activated with carb mouth rinsing. So “the sugar goes straight to your brain”. An important note is that the actual sweetness of the carbohydrate consumed seemed to be irrelevant—indicating that there are oral receptors that respond independently of taste.
Cycling and running performance have been shown to improve after a carb mouth rinse. This can be attributed to the activation of the reward centers of the brain.
Most studies included a fasting period prior to the carb rinse, ranging anywhere from 2 to 15 hours.
Because of the activation of the brain, the carb rinse is a great strategy to use during a marathon as you’re hitting the wall. The activation of the reward centers of your brain will help adjust your Rate of Perceived Exertion— like a mind trick to make you think you’re not working as hard. The physical capability of your body greatly exceeds the mental capacity. The carb rinse allows you to take advantage of that.


“What to Know:
- Research shows that routine directed pushing, breath holding, and limiting pushing during labor is not beneficial, and that prolonged breath holding may reduce fetal oxygenation.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends not directing laboring women to hold their breath or consciously sustain pushing.
- The American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) recommends that a laboring woman’s body direct any pushing.
- Directed pushing may help you if you’ve had an epidural and don’t feel the urge to push.”


A recent article in The Atlantic about the tiny wages that Major League Baseball pays to thousands of players quoted Nathaniel Grow, an associate professor of legal studies at the University of Georgia’s Terry College of Business.
The MLB is able to maintain such low wages (or avoid paying them entirely) thanks to a clause in the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act. The law, a linchpin of the New Deal that, among other things, outlined the 40-hour workweek and established a federal minimum wage, carved out an exception with which Major League Baseball justifies its practice. Minimum-wage and overtime requirements do not apply, the law stipulates, to “any employee employed by an establishment which is an amusement or recreational establishment” that “does not operate for more than seven months in any calendar year.”
“From a general fan perspective,” Grow says, “there’s no question that the baseball or football teams are amusement and recreational.” But digging into the technical details reveals some complications, he says: “These baseball teams also have sophisticated marketing departments, ticket-sales departments, all these other more core business functions. Are all of them seasonal employees at an amusement or recreational establishment?”
Grow is an expert in the field. His book “Baseball on Trial: The Origin of Baseball’s Anti-Trust Exemption” won the Larry Ritter Book Award in 2015.
The entire article is available online.


We are happy to announce that geneabirth is now offering Critical Congenital Heart Disease screening.
In recent years there has a growing awareness surrounding the issues of Critical Congenital Heart Disease and a campaign to screen all babies for CCCHD. Congenital Heart Disease is the most common birth defect among all babies. Many of these babies are diagnosed from the 20 week ultrasound. In other cases it may be quickly apparent after birth that the something is very wrong. However, in a fraction of cases, a baby with CCHD will appear to transition well to life outside the mother’s uterus and serious, life-threatening problems become apparent in the days after the baby is born.
CCHD screening is also called pulse ox screening because it is accomplished with a pulse oximeter. If you or anyone you love has ever been hospitalized you have probably seen a pulse oximeter. It’s the little plastic thing placed on one finger that lights up and monitors the pulse and blood oxygen levels of the patient.
The CCHD screening uses a pulse oximeter to measure a newborn baby’s blood oxygen levels. This test is painless and non-invasive. The baby’s blood oxygen levels are measured in one hand and both feet using the sensor and a soft, flexible band to hold the sensor in place. The baby can be held by his mother, her partner or the midwife while the test is completed. The baby can nurse throughout the test. The test takes just a minute or two.
This test is one of the options available to you and there is no additional charge. It is performed by your midwife in the comfort of your home at the 24 hour postpartum homevisit. While the overwhelming majority of babies are born healthy and ready to grow and thrive, it can provide peace of mind to know that there are no hidden issues with your baby’s heart that need to be addressed with expert medical attention.
Feel free to ask Sarah or Erin any questions you may have about CCHD or pulse ox screening. And check out this video for more information.


1 adj If you are hostileto another person or an idea, you disagree with them or disapprove of them, often showing this in your behaviour.
oft ADJ to/towards n
Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention..., The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential state...
2 adj Someone who is hostile is unfriendly and aggressive.
Drinking may make a person feel relaxed and happy, or it may make her hostile, violent, or depressed...
3 adj Hostile situations and conditions make it difficult for you to achieve something.
If this round of talks fails, the world's trading environment is likely to become increasingly hostile.
4 adj A hostile takeover bid is one that is opposed by the company that is being bid for. (BUSINESS)
Kingfisher launched a hostile bid for Dixons.
5 adj In a war, you use hostile to describe your enemy's forces, organizations, weapons, land, and activities.
The city is encircled by a hostile army...
Translation English Cobuild Collins Dictionary
1 antagonistic, anti (informal) bellicose, belligerent, contrary, ill-disposed, inimical, malevolent, opposed, opposite, rancorous, unkind, warlike
2 adverse, alien, inhospitable, unfriendly, unpropitious, unsympathetic, unwelcoming
affable, agreeable, amiable, approving, congenial, cordial, friendly, kind, peaceful, sympathetic, warm
English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus
Add your entry in the Collaborative Dictionary.
- Create your own vocabulary list
- Contribute to the Collaborative Dictionary
- Improve and share your linguistic knowledge
"Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 4th edition published in 2003 © HarperCollins Publishers 1987, 1995, 2001, 2003 and Collins A-Z Thesaurus 1st edition first published in 1995 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995"


Land Uses of Coal Fly Ash - Benefits and Barriers
AUTHOR: Irene Smith
DATE: May 2005
This report focuses on three major sectors of fly ash utilisation: soil stabilisation, mine backfill and agriculture. Requirements are generally less rigorous than for use of fly ash in the cement and concrete industries. The benefits of using fly ash are investigated for each sector. These include improvements over use of cement or lime alone at lower cost, more effective land reclamation using less primary materials, and enhanced fertility of soils.
Stabilisation of soils and aggregates with fly ash is a successful, high volume use, especially in road construction. Unbound fly ash as structural fill, for example in mines and road subbase, gives high volume, beneficial use of conditioned, stockpiled and lagoon fly ash. In agriculture, studies have shown that crop yields increase and water consumption may be reduced by using fly ash as soil amendment.
Fly ash is complemented well by biosolids such as treated sewage sludge and acts synergistically with organic matter in mproving plant growth. Barriers to utilisation of coal fly ash on land occur in marketing, transport, and through the potential for leachates containing trace elements from fly ash. These are being overcome by various means in the utilisation sectors. It is essential to follow best engineering practices to ensure there is no environmental risk. Potential long-term effects in agriculture are under investigation.


Dolphin Fun Facts
Dolphin Watch Nature Tours
The Dolphins we see on our tours around the Gulf are amazing animals. Here are a few Dolphin Fun Facts to get to know them better.
Did You Know?
*Compared to other animals, dolphins are believed to be very intelligent.
*Dolphins are carnivores (meat eaters).
*The Killer Whale (also known as Orca) is actually a type of dolphin.
*Bottlenose dolphins are the most common and well known type of dolphin.
*Female dolphins are called cows, males are called bulls and young dolphins are called calves.
*Dolphins live in schools or pods of up to 12 individuals.
*Dolphins often display a playful attitude which makes them popular in human culture. They can be seen jumping out of the water, riding waves, play fighting and occasionally interacting with humans swimming in the water.
*Dolphins use a blowhole on top of their heads to breathe.
*Dolphins have excellent eyesight and hearing as well as the ability to use echolocation for finding the exact location of objects.
*Dolphins communicate with each other by clicking, whistling and other sounds.
Ready to Reserve Your Tour?
We offer Private Charters, group discounts & all of our tours include The Shrimp Trawl!! Perfect for family reunions, corporate outings, weddings, dances & much more!
*All Credit Cards Accepted*


Garden flower and plant: Zinnia flower
Common: Zinnia. Scientific classification. Kingdom: Plantae. Division: Magnoliophyta. Class: Magnoliopsida. Order: Asterales. Family: Asteraceae. Tribe: Heliantheae. Genus: Zinnia.
Zinnia is a genus of 20 species of annual and perennial plants of family Asteraceae. and originate in Mexico and the Southwest United States. Zinnia flower are popular garden flowers. This is a plant that is started incredibly easily from seed, flowers very quickly, has a wide range of flower types and colors, withstands full sun and heat, makes an excellent cut flower, attracts bees and butterflies, and can make the difference between so-so garden bed and a spectacular garden showcase.
Bloom color: white, chartreuse, yellow, orange, red, purple, and lilac.


What are Burr Holes and Craniotomy?
A Craniotomy is an operation that involves opening the skull to correct a problem in the brain or the layer around the brain. Craniotomies are performed for a variety of reasons, such as blood clots causing pressure on the brain, brain tumors, skull defects, etc. Sometimes, blood can be drained from the space between the brain and the skull through small holes, Burr Holes.
Depending on the diagnosis and problem, an operating microscope may be used to facilitate the surgery. The operating microscope provides additional light and magnification, making the surgery safer. Sometimes, a Neuro-navigation system is used to precisely localize a lesion in the brain. Neuro-navigation is a computerized system working with CT or MRI scans similar to the way GPS (Global Positioning System) works with roadmaps in automobiles.
Description of Surgery:
Intravenous antibiotics are administered before surgery to decrease the risk of infection. You will be anesthetized (put to sleep). Exact position on the operating table depends on the area of the skull that needs to be opened. An incision is made. Equipment for opening the skull is then used. After exposing the region, the operation becomes more specific for the problem being treated. If needed, the operating microscope and neuro-navigation are used at this point. After completing the procedure inside the skull, a drain may be placed. If a section of skull was removed, it is repositioned and the scalp incision is sutured. The skin is closed with stitches or staples. A sterile dressing is placed over the incision. Sometimes, a thick head wrap may be applied. You will then be placed on your back in a hospital bed. The breathing tube will be removed (extubated) and you will be taken to the recovery room.


For travelers the world over, especially frequent world travelers, jet-lag has been an enduring and unwelcome phenomenon for decades. But there could be a solution or at least a significant palliative that researchers have come up with to combat the problem.
The Los Angeles Times has a report headlined " New drug may put jet lag to rest". The newspaper says that "an experimental drug that mimics the effects of the hormone melatonin can reset the body's circadian rhythms, bringing relief to jet-lagged travelers and night-shift workers. A study of 450 people who were subjected to simulated jet lag in a sleep laboratory, a team from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston found that the drug restored near normal sleep the first night it was used". Most interestingly "there were no aftereffects from the drug, minimal side effects, and people who took it performed normally the next day".
If true the drug could bring about considerable relief for wearied travelers criss-crossing the globe. What the reports does not appear to cover is whether the supposedly harmful effects, including shortening of life spans, of trans-continental travel gleaned from earlier studies would be mitigated by the drug. Presumably, since the study's subjects "slept better" that aspect of the negatives of inter-national travel is minimized if not eliminated.


The speed of an automobile can be indicated by detecting the pulses generated by the ignition system and causing an LED to light. The circuit utilizes a quad NOR gate IC chip. Two of the gates are configured as a one shot multivibrator which produces a fixed duration pulse each time the primary circuit of the automobile ignition system opens the circuit to the ignition coil.
The other 2 gates are used as buffers which provide an accurate rectangle pulse. As the number of pulses per second increases, the voltage fed to the base of of the NPN transistor becomes high enough to cause it to conduct and turn on the LED. The speed at which the LED lights is set by R4. The input of the circuit is connected to the distributor side of the ignition coil or to the tachometer connection on those cars that are equipped with electronic ignition.


- Jo Stoner (University of Kent) email@example.com
- Boris Burandt (Goethe Universität) firstname.lastname@example.org
Object value is a cultural construct dependent on a complex web of contextual information and social meanings. Objects can be valued for a number of reasons – for example, economic worth, personal meaning, or political power. Theoretical approaches from archaeology, anthropology, and other disciplines can be used to identify the values of Roman artefacts, both in the past and present. This session seeks to explore how, and to what extent, the values of objects can be reconstructed, and what this reveals about the role of material culture in Roman society. How and why did objects gain value in the Roman period, and how might these have changed over time? How can investigating object value tell us more about the society in which artefacts were produced and used?
Papers are welcomed on any aspect of Roman material culture and value, however suggested themes include:
• Value-laden behaviours (e.g. hoards; disposability; reuse & recycling; collection & curation)
• Specific theoretical approaches to assessing the values of Roman material culture (e.g. object biography; gift theory).
• Modern value judgements in contemporary scholarship/society towards Roman archaeological material
• The role of production in creating value
• Embodiment of the past (e.g. nostalgia & memory; antique objects)
• The power of objects (e.g. politicisation of material culture; exoticism; consumerism & desirability.


NASA recently successfully demonstrated rural operations of its unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) traffic management (UTM) concept, integrating operator platforms, vehicle performance and ground infrastructure. The next steps involve further validation through Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) test sites.
“UTM is designed to enable safe low-altitude civilian UAS operations by providing pilots information needed to maintain separation from other aircraft by reserving areas for specific routes, with consideration of restricted airspace and adverse weather conditions,” said Parimal Kopardekar, manager of NASA’s Safe Autonomous Systems Operations project and lead of NASA’s UTM efforts.
Engineers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, are developing UTM cloud-based software tools in four segments of progressively more capable levels. They design each “technical capability level” for a different operational environment that requires development of proposed uses, software, procedures and policies to enable safe operation, with Technical Capability Level One focusing on a rural environment. With continued development, the Technical Capability Level One system would enable UAS operators to file flight plans reserving airspace for their operations and provide situational awareness about other operations planned in the area.
Read more here: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/first-steps-toward-drone-traffic-management


Bloody Ridge: The Battle that Saved Guadalcanal (Google eBook)
The Japanese called it the centipede. The northern part of Lunga Ridge, a narrow grass-covered rise that looked like an insect from the air, overlooked a coastal plain. In the center of that plain was Henderson Field, the vital home of the Cactus Air Force and the prize of the Guadalcanal campaign. Whoever commanded the ridge commanded the airstrip. In September 1942, the ridge was the scene of a bloody, three-day battle for control of Henderson Field.
In Bloody Ridge, the first book written exclusively on this battle, historian Michael S. Smith has utilized a treasure trove of primary and secondary sources on both sides of the Pacific.
NOTE: This edition does not include photographs.
What people are saying - Write a review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - Shrike58 - LibraryThing
This is a straight-forward campaign history of Guadalcanal but it has a number of notable virtues, over and above Richard Frank's near-definitive history. For one, due to using Japanese materials ... Read full review
Review: Bloody Ridge: The Battle that Saved GuadalcanalUser Review - Symm McCord - Goodreads
This author did an exceptional job of researching the battle from both the US and Japanese records. He carries you through with a lead up from Wake Island, through Port Moresby and into Guadalcanal. A ... Read full review


The first Project Echo satelloon may have started out as a 100-meter sphere, but it didn’t stay that way. Echo IA launched on August 12, 1960, and it stayed in orbit and visible to the naked eye until May 24, 1968. It inflated successfully, but as a paper in Bell Labs Report, Sept. 1961 explains, by May of that year, its shape had already been somewhat deformed in orbit:
On several early passes the average “scatering cross section” was equal to that corresponding to a perfectly conducting 100-foot sphere. From this it is assumed that the balloon inflated as planned.
There apparently has been a long-term decrease, of a few db, in the average “scattering cross section.” As of last May, Echo I [technically IA, since Echo I burned up soon after launch in March 1960] was probably an approximately spherical object with a diameter of no less than 70 feet, and a somewhat wrinkled skin. There may have been a few flattened areas, as indicated by occasional deep fades in the radar signal, but voice communication was then still possible as shown by successful tests with NRL on May 25.
One factor may have been the solar sail effect, the slight pressure generated by photons from the sun bombarding the satelloon’s skin.
image: The Odyssey of Project Echo [history.nasa.gov]


Jagadish Chandra Bose was a man with a noble heart and who believed in equality and humanity. Along with google, everyone is celebrating his 158 birthday today. He was the scientist who demonstrated first the science behind capturing the radio waves.
With a special doodle, Google is celebrating his birthday. Mr Bose was born on 30th November 1858 in British India’s Bengal Presidency. At the age of 78, he died on 23rd November 1937.
Jagadish Chandra Bose: Facts you need to know
- Bose invented the Mercury coherer, a radio wave receiver that was used by Marconi to develop functioning two-way radio. Bose is known as the father of wireless telecommunication.
- The science behind capturing radio waves was first demonstrated by Mr Bose.
- He sent an electromagnetic wave across 75 feet, passing through walls to ring a bell and to explode some gunpowder. This incident took place in Calcutta, which is now Kolkatta at Town hall in November 1895.
- He had the patent since he discovered that plants too are living beings and they also go through the cycle process like animals.
- He conducted many chemical experiments to prove that plants can also feel pain and anger like us.
- He invented Crescograph, a device to understand the different stimuli in the plants
- Being a colonised Indian, Mr Bose was stopped to experiments in the laboratories and he had to function experiments in a small room which was next to impossible for any scientist
- By the order of Lord Ripon, Mr Bose was appointed as a Professor in presidency college, which is now known as a University.
- He was the most influential teacher during his tenure.
- A small crater on the moon has given a name after Jagdish Chandra Bose.
- He made a pioneering discovery in plant physiology
Jagadish Chandra Bose was a true legend and is an inspiration for many. We can learn a lot from his achievements and implement into our life.


Yesterday, the Americas Quarterly blog posted a thoughtful commentary by Julio Rank Wright, in which he discusses El Salvador’s gang problem and the tension between effective crime fighting and protecting individual liberties. What struck me about the article were the Guatemalan and Salvadoran governments’ estimates that each of their countries have approximately 15,000. As Mr. Wright points out, this is a relatively low percentage of the overall youth population and the government and civil society ought to be able to stop the violence.
The Flores and Saca administrations both implemented anti-gang programs (Mano Duro and Super Mano Duro respectively) but each impeded on the basic human rights of all Salvadorans and overturned. And as Mr. Wright noted, President Funes recently vetoed legislation that would have increase the maximum sentence for minors arrested for serious crimes. In addition, Salvadoran jails serve as more of a base of operations for many gang leaders, who call shots and organize activities while incarcerated, than a penal institution. Many Salvadorans believe that the police that are meant to protect them, take bribes from gangs to look the other way.
In past years, gang activities were limited to specific neighborhoods in San Salvador or other urban centers. Recently, however, our friends in rural communities in San Vicente, Cabañas, Morazán, Usulután, and other areas report growing security concerns. One sleepy town in San Vicente has seen a drastic increase in gang violence, extortion, and other crimes. The police, judiciary, and civil society seem relatively powerless in stopping it.
As the rates of crime and violence increase, and the government fails to prevent it, hopes for a strong democracy and the rule of law in El Salvador fade.


World AIDS Day is marked on 1 December each year, to raise awareness across the world and in the community about the issues surrounding HIV and AIDS. It is a day to show support for people living with HIV and to commemorate loved ones who we have lost to the epidemic.
The day also aims to encourage Australians to educate themselves and others about HIV and to ensure that people living with HIV can participate fully in the life of the community, free from stigma and discrimination.
HIV still exists in Australia and can affect anyone. While there is still no vaccine or cure for HIV, there are now highly effective treatments and prevention options. People with HIV can take medications on a daily basis to maintain their HIV at an undetectable level and to keep them healthy. Today, HIV is considered a chronic but manageable condition, and people with HIV can lead long and healthy lives, with a similar life expectancy to a person who does not have HIV.
Natasha Miliotis, SHINE SA’s Chief Executive Officer said that:
“Like many other conditions, HIV can be prevented. By being informed about what HIV is and how it can be transmitted, we can take measures to look after ourselves and others.”
SHINE SA encourages people looking to test for or talk about HIV to visit one of our clinics, or contact SAMESH, a collaborative program of Thorne Harbour Health and SHINE SA.
You can show your support for people with HIV on World AIDS Day by wearing a red ribbon, the international symbol of HIV awareness and support. You can also find a World AIDS Day event near you by visiting www.worldaidsday.org.au.
To read SHINE SA’s Fact Sheet on HIV visit: www.shinesa.org.au/health-information/sexually-transmitted-infections/hiv/
For further information and media enquiries contact Tracey Hutt, Director Workforce Education and Development


Establishing the dates for the origin and main diversification events in the phylogeny of Ascomycota is among the most crucial remaining goals in understanding the evolution of Fungi. There have been several analyses of divergence times in the fungal tree of life in the last two decades, but most have yielded contrasting results for the origin of the major lineages. Moreover, very few studies have provided temporal estimates for a large set of clades within Ascomycota. We performed molecular dating to estimate the divergence times of most of the major groups of Ascomycota. To account for paleontological uncertainty, we included alternative fossil constraints as different scenarios to enable a discussion of the effect of selection of fossils. We used data from 6 molecular markers and 121 extant taxa within Ascomycota. Our various 'relaxed clock' scenarios suggest that the origin and diversification of the Pezizomycotina occurred in the Cambrian. The main lineages of lichen-forming Ascomycota originated at least as early as the Carboniferous, with successive radiations in the Jurassic and Cretaceous generating the diversity of the main modern groups. Our study provides new information about the timing of the main diversification events in Ascomycota, including estimates for classes, orders and families of both lichenized and non-lichenized Ascomycota, many of which had not been previously dated.


This new stand-alone edition of Geotours Workbook contains nineteen active-learning tours that take students on virtual field trips to see outstanding examples of geology around the world.Would you like your students to become more active in Geology, both in and out of the classroom, or are you familiar with Google Earth, but not sure where to start? The Geotours Workbook created by Scott and Beth Wilkerson (in association with Stephen Marshak) addresses these questions with Geotours--active-learning tours that take students on virtual field trips to see outstanding examples of geology around the world. Arranged by topic, and with an accompanying custom Google Earth file to quickly fly you to specific locations associated with each question, these worksheets ask students to observe and measure real-world geologic features, deepening their understanding of important geoscience concepts. Further, this workbook contains material explaining how students can develop their own interactive Google Earth materials, including media-rich placemarks, interactive flyover tours, and georeferenced photo & map overlays. Available as a free bundle with Marshak's Earth and Essentials of Geology textbooks, this title also can stand alone or work as a supplement in any course where students need hands on experience with Google Earth.
Science-Math, Earth-Sciences, Geology,


Building Societies with Materials by Renuka Parashar
MS Strategic Design and Management
Strategic Design and Management in New Economies
In this assignment, students were asked to create a map of a new economy according to them, based on a theme they studied. This timeline reflects their interpretation of the key dates, events and figures that led to this economy.
In her infographic, Renuka – a first year MS SDM student – chose to map her version of new economies with reference to building materials and architecture, and the impact of these factors on our social fabric. Building materials and architecture play a vital role in the development of society; the economy of any given time period is reflected in its architecture and the architecture of a certain era projects the social fabric of that time. Her map takes us through the journey of economics and societies, referring to building materials and their application to building profiles, forms and the urban fabric.


Chance of Rain ponders short-sighted water efficiency programs which only kick in when there’s a drought. When the drought ends, so do attempts at efficiency. Thus, waste is subsidized and lasting efficiencies are rare.
Another 20th century miracle of modern living is being assisted to the scrapheap of time. Yesterday the federal Bureau of Reclamation announced a $500,000 grant to help Southern California homeowners convert to more water-efficient front-loading washing machines.
If treating chronic dryness with a spot of rebates here and a blaze of low-flow toilet retrofits there instead of striving in a systematic way for efficiency seems odd to you, it is. It’s also the way we manage water. The simplest explanation may be that our water system was set up in a way that public money subsidizes waste. When times get tough, we in very small increments subsidize efficiency.


Long before Europeans came to Coldwater Township, Indians were drawn to the boiling springs in Section 22, considering them sacred. Settlers began gathering in the area as early as 1862. Among them was Samuel Letson, for whom the township park above is named at the site of his 1886 post office a mile south of Brinton in the southern part of Section 22. In 1888, the post office was moved a mile north, to a village platted in 1887 by E.F. Coburn at the juncture of sections 15 and 22, and renamed Brinton, for early settler and father of the charcoal kilns that made the village a famous early industrial town, Oscar T. Brinton. The village flourished after Oscar Brinton got the idea to build kilns to convert timber to charcoal 1887, causing the village to be labeled “Coal Town” and “Charcoal Town” by locals. The Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad built a spur line into the town to haul the charcoal to market the same year. The kilns operated from 1888 to 1896. As timber in the area grew sparse and the railroad discontinued, the town faded to a cluster of residences with no business center.
The Mid-Michigan History feature is a Morning Sun exclusive by Mt. Pleasant author Jack R. Westbrook.


In really hot countries air conditioning in buildings might seem like a necessity; however, it is possible to design buildings that stay cool in the heat without even using electricity. In Burkina Faso there is a school that was specially designed to stay nice and cool by manipulating airflows.
There’s not much electricity to go around, Kéré says. “So there is no air-conditioning. It’s too expensive for a country like Burkina Faso.”
So when he designed this secondary school for Dano in his native land, he built it with innovative, elegant, distinctive and yet simply constructed split-level roofing and ceiling structures that funnel warm air up and out of the buildings.
Tall window slats that can be adjusted control both light and heat. Three to a room, they pull air into the classroom. Heat rises.
To use that movement of air, a series of narrow “chimney” gaps between the convex wave shapes in the highly insulating concrete and brick ceiling pulls the hot air up and out the roof.


Theoretically, when we look out there through a telescope, we are looking back through time. Is it possible (though not likely) that what we see through that lens is all entirely in the past and that the stars could now have disappeared?
No. Most stars have lifespans of thousands of millions of years. For relatively close galaxies such as Centaurus A or the Virgo cluster the light-travel time is much less than the stellar lifetime, so most of the stars that form these galaxies are still in existence. Even the stars that have died are mostly still there, as white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holes, even though they are too faint to be seen by optical telescopes.


Learning the X, Y, and Zs
Historically, architecture has been founded on the spatial and descriptive principles of geometry. In The Projective Cast, Robin Evans ties the advancement of the discipline directly to the representational techniques of the time. Today, architecture is often divided between two mathematical camps: Euclidean (planar points/lines that are easily located within the three-dimensional space of a Cartesian grid system) and Non-Euclidean (non-planar points/lines that are difficult to locate in the three-dimensional space of a Cartesian grid system). The studio situates itself at the intersection of these two types and seeks to unpack their historical and future potential in the form of projective geometry and advanced computation by isolating and then recomposing the axial space within which they are produced.


About the book
Seamus Heaney (1939–2013) was one of the most loved, read, studied and translated writers of our time. In 1995 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for ‘works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past’. In 1999 his version of the Old English poem Beowulf received the Whitbread Book Award for Best Book of Poems and Best Book of the Year.
“Heaney openly stated that he did not have a theory of translation but a metaphor for it ‘based upon the Viking relationship with the island of Ireland and the island of Britain’. ‘There was a historical period known as the Raids,’ he explained, ‘and then there was a period known as the Settlements.’ Similarly, Heaney chose to ‘raid’ or ‘settle’ another author’s work depending on the ‘writerly motive’ drawing him to that particular text and driving his response to it.”
— From the editors’ note
This collection of essays is the first comprehensive discussion of Heaney as translator. The authors have approached their contribution from different perspectives but are united by their fascination or preoccupation with the works of one of the greatest poets and poet-translators in the English language. This interdisciplinary combination of individual expertise and shared interest was essential to offer a holistic appreciation of Heaney’s translations from fifteen languages, literatures and cultures.


Got High Blood Pressure? Yoga May Help! Here's Why! by Nicole DeAvilla
If you have high blood pressure, it may be time to add yoga to your daily routine. Researchers found that people with slightly elevated blood pressure who did yoga daily reduced their blood pressure. Both the control group and the study group of adults with an average age of 56 were asked to make conventional lifestyle changes such as:
- moderate aerobic exercise
- eating a healthier diet
- quitting smoking
The yoga consisted of stretching, controlled breathing and meditation for one hour a day for three months. Those who practiced the yoga showed a greater reduction in blood pressure. Researchers believe that yoga may help prevent the development of hypertension and in addition gives a sense of well-being. The findings were presented at the annual meeting of the Cardiological Society of India.
Read more about this study via HealthDay here.
The information on 30Seconds.com is for informational and entertainment purposes only, and should not be considered medical advice. The information provided through this site should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, and is not a substitute for professional care. Always consult your personal health care provider.


Veterans Day is on November 11.
Veterans Day is an American holiday to honor veterans and people who are now in the US military.
The US Military is the US Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard.
- People in the US Army are soldiers.
- People in the US Navy are sailors.
- People in the US Air Force are pilots, airmen, and airwomen.
- People in the US Marines travel away to fight.
- People in the US Coast Guard protect our coasts, beaches, and boats.
People who were in the US Military are called Veterans.
People who are now in the US Military are on active duty.
Happy Veterans Day!


Goat (?), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. gat; akin to D. geit, OHG. geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus a young goat, kid.] Zool.
A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.
⇒ The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame.
Goat antelope Zool, one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara. -- Goat fig Bot., the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth Zool., any moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat weed Bot., a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's bane Bot., a poisonous plant (Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard Bot., a plant of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot Bot., a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of Good Hope. -- Goat's rue Bot., a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States). -- Goat's thorn Bot., a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's wheat Bot., the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to Atraphaxis).
© Webster 1913.


I’ve never liked the idea of term limits for members of Congress, because if a member outstays his or her welcome voters get the chance every two or six years to hire a replacement. But term limits for judges—not just Supreme Court justices—make a certain amount of sense when those judges are appointed. For all their clairvoyance, the Founders couldn’t possibly have anticipated the impact that longer life spans would have on lifetime judicial appointments. As Northwestern’s Steven Calabresi and James Lindgren have pointed out, between 1789 and 1970 the average tenure of a Supreme Court justice was about 15 years—and that timespan includes the 29-year service of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., a Civil War veteran who didn’t vacate the bench until 1932, at age 90. Since 1970 the average tenure has expanded to about 26 years. By longevity if not by eminence, Holmses are a dime a dozen today. Until John Paul Stevens retired in 2010, fully one-third of the Supreme Court were appointees not merely of presidents who had since died, but of presidents who, before they died, lived longer than any others in history. (That would be Reagan and Ford, who departed this vale of tears at 93. The previous record-holder was John Adams, an 18th-century outlier who lived to 90.) Dead presidents shouldn’t have that much power.
Friday, April 6, 2012
Term Limits for Judges?
At The New Republic, Timothy Noah comes out for judicial term limits:


Can a computer laugh? Can a robot laugh? More importantly, is it possible for a machine to "get" a joke so they know what to laugh at? Igor M. Suslov of the Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems in Moscow, Russia has published a paper online titled, "Can a Computer Laugh" (PDF format). In it he discusses theoretical reasons for laughter and how the ideas can be applied in data processing. In human cognition, humor appears to correspond to specific types of information processing "malfunctions" that need to be flagged to prevent incorrect learning. In effect, laughing corresponds to quick nullification in some types of neural networks. The author offers a computer model that can recognize the humor in specific technical types of jokes identified by Freud.


A particularly attractive pictorial map of Belgium by anonymous author published in 1930 circa. This map is covered with vignettes describing major towns and landmarks along the roads. Includes decorative cartouche, compass rose and inset lovely views of Audenarde, Bruges and Malines. Uncommon.
Important and rare two maps on one sheet showing the area of Basel and the Valais by Gerard De Jode. In 1578, Gerard De Jode published his atlas entitled Speculum Orbis Terrarum but due to the strong market presence of Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sold poorly. This map comes from the second and last edition of the atlas published in 1593 by Cornelis De Jode. Cornelis de Jode (1568-1600) was the son of the mapmaker…
- Author: DE JODE Gerard
- Year: 1593
- Dimension: 390 x 485 mm
- Place of publication: Antwerp
Very detailed map of Liege area from Coronelli’s Corso Geografico Universale published in Venice in 1690. Vincenzo Maria Coronelli is widely recognised as one of Italy?s most famous and greatest cartographers. He received an ecclesiastical education at the convent of the Minor Conventuals and also studied theology in Rome. However, his interests in geography and cartography were awoken early in his ecclesiastical career and never suppressed. He made very famous globes (including an impressive very…
- Author: CORONELLI Vincenzo Maria
- Year: 1690
- Dimension: 450 x 606 mm
- Place of publication: Venice
A very nice aquatint view by Gabriel Lory showing the Swiss Alps with the cascade of Nant d’Arpinaz. Published in Paris at Osterwald in 1820.
- Author: Gabriel Lory
- Dimension: 25 x 28 cm
- Place of publication: Paris
- Year: 1820
Important tinted lithograph view of St. Gallen by C. Matter. In the bottom left corner dessine d’apres nature par Egid. Federle. Published by J. U. Locher in St. Gallen in 1860.
- Author: LOCHER Johann Ulrich
- Year: 1860
- Dimension: 460 x 310 mm
- Place of publication: St. Gallen


During closest approach of this Titan flyby, Cassini’s visible and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) instrument will, for the first time, acquire images of Punga Mare.
It will also view the surrounding area, including Ligeia Mare and some of the smaller lakes. These views can be compared to earlier images to provide information about seasonal variations. VIMS will then acquire a high-resolution swath over terrain from high northern latitudes to the equator at the anti-Saturn hemisphere.
Following the closest approach period, VIMS will ride along with the composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) and the ultraviolet imaging spectrograph (UVIS) instrument to image Titan’s southern hemisphere at high incidence angle. It will also look at clouds to follow the evolution of the cloud system over the south pole.
Inbound, VIMS will ride along with the imaging science subsystem (ISS) to acquire a medium resolution mosaic of high northern latitudes. It will also look for clouds over the north pole to monitor the evolution of the cloud system as Titan approaches summer solstice.
Source: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory


Lessons 3: Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) Light bulbs
Compact fluorescent light bulbs use a fluorescent powder coating (on the inside of the glass) that transfers ultraviolet light into visible light. Compact fluorescent lamps have a glass tube that is twisted into a spiral so that they take up approximately the same amount of space of an incandescent bulb. A drawback of fluorescent lights is that they take a few seconds to warm up before they can emit 100% of the light that they are capable of.
Doing the science
- Start the Bright Ideas Simulation by clicking on the "Sim" tab.
- Click on the CFL light bulb. It will move to the base. Record the number of watts that the display reads on the base in Table 1 below.
- Click on the timer in the lower right hand part of the screen. When the bulb burns out, the data will be filled in below. Repeat step 2 over and over again until your time is out. A table will appear with all of the data for the CFL row completed.
- Record your findings in Table 1 below.


Welcome to the Physical Education Deptartment!
Our goal is to help children find a variety of ways to enjoy being physically active so that they will be able to get all of the physical, emotional, intellectual and social benefits that come to someone who is physically active throughout his or her life.
At Challenger your child receives 50 minutes (25 mins. for Kindergarten every day) of physical education every other day. The program has been designed to focus on three major areas that contribute to one’s physical health and well being:
- Movement concepts: In the early grades, for example, the program emphasizes the variety of ways we travel (e.g. running, skipping, hopping), changes of directions and speeds, and different ways to balance, jump and land.
- Fundamental motor skills: Basic skills such as throwing, kicking, volleying, and striking are taught in the primary grades. In the upper grades the children are taught how to use these fundamental skills in game and sports, and various forms of rhythmical movement.
- Wellness concepts: These include ways to improve cardiovascular endurance, strength, and flexibility. As a teacher I recognize that children are at different developmental levels, with a variety of needs and interests. For this reason, we will attempt to provide all of the children with learning experiences that are both beneficial and enjoyable. Each lesson is adjusted to take into account the wide range of skill and fitness levels in the class.
GYM SHOES ARE REQUIRED AND NEED TO BE AT SHCOOL EACH AND EVERY DAY!
We are very proud of the physical education program that is being developed by the TRF district teachers and look forward to a great year!
~ Todd Prickett, Brett Johnson


A cause and effect diagram can help you discover causal relationships between the factors in your business and a desired or undesired outcome. The free printable cause and effect diagram template created for today’s post is also known as a fishbone diagram, which was originally conceived by Japanese professor Kauro Ishikawa, back in 1968. This diagram is one of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality, along with the check sheet, control chart, histogram, Pareto chart, scatter diagram, and flow chart.
Cause and Effect Diagram Templates
To download a diagram template, click on the template image. It’s PDF version will load in your browser. These templates are free for personal use, educational use, and internal business use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited.
The first cause and effect diagram template has six main causes leading to an outcome: People, Method, Measurement, Machine, Environment, and Materials. Beneath each cause, write specific factors within the category that helped cause the outcome. If you would like to see a completed diagram example to help you get started, take a look at the cause and effect diagram example at the bottom of the page.
Next we have the same chart, but this time the main causes or categories have been left blank, allowing you to choose the main factors that contributed to the outcome.
Another common set of causes are: Equipment, Process, People, Materials, Environment, and Management. This Cause and Effect Diagram Template contains those factors.
Here are a few more variations of the chart. The first lets you write in 4 specific factors per main cause, and the second has blank space beneath each main cause.
Cause and Effect Diagram Example
Here is a cause and effect diagram example, where the main factors contributing to the problem are: People, Method, Measurement, Machine, Environment, and Materials.