Ethics can be used to determine if something is good or bad. One of the goals of ethics is to make sure that what benefits an individual also benefits everyone else. Ethics is concerned with defining the harmonious interdependencies of living things.
Ethics is about openness and transparency. To be ethical it is not possible to treat yourself as an exception, because this is not doing as you would be done by. If we didn't obey this hidden rule nobody would trust anyone and it wouldn't be possible to own property.
Ethics can motivate:
- Code and standards which guide cultural development
- Sophism and a philosophy of truth engineering
- theoretical assessments of justness
- boycotts and laws against monopolies
There is a lot of theoretical material about how people collectively value good things. Never the less, many people are not concered with ethical behaviour or thought. They might feel ethics is transcended by their religion, by logic or that things should happen as people are celebrating life, for the now, just for the moment.
Things that have a strong ethical concern to infoAnarchy include;
- Anti-Clear Channel
- Civil liberties
- Human rights
- Reverse engineering
- Slashdot Effect
- Veganism - An ethical person understands that it is important for the whole of ecosystem to be healthy, the health of all species within must be considered. In other words, all of our inherited biological diversity must be healthy before the ecosystem as a whole is to be considered well off. Unfortunately our cultures place very different values on all the multi-facted resources nature provides. Many people draw the line at sentient animals, that is, animals with a spine and a central nervous system, should not be treated with undue hardship and so become vegan or vegatarian.


In 02.2, as you know 0 is for filling 0s when the number is less than the minimum size. 2.2 means that the minimum length of the number must be 2 (2.2) and there must be 2 digits after the decimal point (2.2). So here there is no restriction that there must be 2 digits before the decimal point. Try 04.2 to see the result...
I am sorry i didnt understand.You are saying that 02 is for filling up the space with zeroes when the number is less
than 2 digits. It is 7 in this case which means it is smaller than 2 digits so it must be padded with 0s.
Also, 04.2 also prints 7.00.
Yes sorry I forgot about the decimal point. 05.2 will give you 07.00 output.
The thing is, when you say 03.2 (I'm using a different value to make it easier to understand), you are indicating that the number must span at least 3 digits. This includes the number before the decimal point, the decimal point itself and the numbers after the decimal point. Since we have 2 digits after the decimal point, so the length already is more than the minimum length of the number.
Lets say I write printf("%08.2f",new Double(7)), here I want to print the number 7 with 2 digits after the decimal point and I want it to span at least 8 digits. So the output will be 00007.00 which as you can see spans 8 digits...


Use the Assign Tool to assign values to variables. The Properties Pane shows assignments in the variable-value pairs, forming the assignment statements. The Value in the statement can be other variable, literal or a computed value.
To select a Variable, do any of the following in the field of Assign Tool within properties pane:
- Select the name of Variable in the drop-down list.
- Enter the variable name (or start typing for a suggestion).
- Double-click the field, click the equal sign icon (), or select (Select Variable...) in the drop-down to open the Assign Value window.
Similarly, to assign a value or variable to a Value field, you can:
- Select the name of a variable in the drop-down list.
- Enter the value.
- Double-click the field, click the formula icon () or select (Expression Editor...) in the drop-down to open the Expression Editor.
When assigning values for Record data type, Service Studio can offer to assign the values of attributes automatically if you set an initial assignment of the attributes which identifies the record. If automatic assignment is available, you will see (Auto Assign < Record >.< Attribute >) in the drop-down list.
OutSystems assigns by value, with some exceptions for assignment by reference. The value of Record List, Binary Data and Object data types are assigned by reference. Use the
ListDuplicate() built-in function to create a copy and perform the assignment by value.
|Label||Identifies an element in the flow.|
|Variable||Left side of the assignment.||Yes||The variables presented are only the ones that are visible in the scope of the action.
You can set the value of several variables at once (providing a pair Variable/Value for each) in the same Assign element.
|Value||Right side of the assignment.||Yes|


King James Bible: How it changed the way we speak
BBC News Magazine
No other book, or indeed any piece of culture, seems to have influenced the English language as much as the King James Bible. Its turns of phrase have permeated the everyday language of English speakers, whether or not they’ve ever opened a copy.
…Examples of Hebrew idiom that have become English via the Bible include: “to set one’s teeth on edge”, “by the skin of one’s teeth”, “the land of the living” and “from strength to strength”.
Thou shouldst read more.


The EYFS was introduced in 2008 and revised in 2012. It is the curriculum which is compulsory for all early years’ childcare providers to follow and covers the requirements for education and welfare of children from birth to 5 years of age. As such, learning and development for children at pre-school is delivered in accordance with the EYFS and this curriculum continues during the reception year of school, providing consistency in children’s education and learning experiences.
The EYFS is a play-based curriculum which seeks to inspire children to develop the characteristics required to become effective learners, something they will need throughout their time at school. There are 3 characteristics:
Four guiding principles shape practice in Early Years settings;
The EYFS sets out the areas of learning and development, which shape the activities and experiences we offer at pre-school. There are seven areas of learning and development, all of which are important and inter-connected. Three areas are of particular importance:
There are four further specific areas of learning and development through which the three prime areas are strengthened and applied:
Churchill Pre-School offers an interesting and stimulating learning environment, which is essential to support and encourage children to take the necessary unique steps along their individual developmental pathway. The experiences we offer are designed to deepen understanding of the prime and specific areas of learning and development in readiness for school and life. Your child’s allocated key person will plan for your child as an individual to ensure that they are supported in line with EYFS, specifically catering for their needs and interests, and with reference to their current level of development.
We hope this explains a little about the EYFS, however, the Pre-School Leader, or your child’s key person, will be happy to explain further if you would like to know more.


Glossary of Terms
Like any industry, ours uses a variety of terms. If you want to find out what they mean, you are in the right place! Simply click on a letter to see its list of terms. If the term you are looking for isn't listed in our glossary feel free to contact us so that we may help you as well as add it to our list.
X — ‘X-axis’ to ‘X-Y coordinates’
A point on the horizontal axis of a grid, scale, or page dimension. Other term: x-axis. See also: y-coordinate.
Papers made to reproduce well in copy machines and laser printers.
An imaging method that electrostatically charges ink toner particles, which are attracted to areas of the paper that have been given an electrical charge. The dry toner is then heat fused to the paper, forming an image. This is the basis of almost all office copy machines.
In typography, the x-height or corpus size refers to the height of the lowercase letters in a font. Typically, this is the height of the letter x in the font (which is where the terminology came from), as well as the a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, and z. However, in modern typography, the x-height is simply a design characteristic of the font, and while an x is usually exactly one x-height in height, this is not always the case.
Letters whose height is greater than the x-height either have descenders which extend below the base line, such as y, g, q, and p, or have ascenders which extend above the x-height, such as l, k, b, and d. The ratio of the x-height to the body height is one of the major characteristics that defines the appearance of a font.
The x-height of a given font is called one ex in that font, similarly to the way the width of the uppercase M is called one em.
a mathematical description of an element's position on a page.


This project’s goal is to complete the carbon cycle by combining the fully renewable resources. This entails combining CO2 from the air with water and renewable electricity to form methanol (CH3OH).
This process can be realized for one or multiple buildings on campus, including the high-pressure laboratory. This makes it possible to store a temporary surplus in electricity generated by solar panels/wind turbines, thus actively reducing CO2 emissions. The CO2 produced can then be turned into electricity in fuel cells, but also into petrol and diesel replacements (DME) or into a resource for plastics (back into synthesis gas). Furthermore, the collected CO2 could also be used for growing processes in greenhouses and for the cultivation of algae. This contributes to the creation of a society in which the carbon cycle is completed without creating an energy, food or resources deficit.
This could become an overarching theme for various R&D projects (technology, materials science, social/health), educational projects and design projects (especially due to the enormous amounts of air required) focusing on social and health aspects as well as technological aspects.
Over the past few years, basic elements of these technologies have for the most part been explored. CO2 capture is a proven technology for the removal of CO2 from waste gases (at 10% CO2) and can now be developed further for air treatment (to about 400 ppm CO2). The new CO2-to-methanol reactor concept has been described in a UT patent (2013) and is operational at laboratory scale.
The project can fit in seamlessly with current programmes (e.g. Transport Phenomena, Module 6 for ST and projects under ATLAS, TN and WB) as well as with research projects at various faculties. The project will likely be an important, additional component in the development of major, newsworthy projects, such as MARS-1.
There are definitely external parties (including market parties) that show an interest in this approach and that may be willing to participate.


Our Kindergarteners work very hard during the school day. I ask that you spend 15 minutes each evening reading with your child. Your child will be bringing home books that are their reading level. Also, go over any work that might be sent home. Math goes home occasionally. A lot of times an assignment will be sent home that we will use in class the next day so it is very important to check your child's folder daily. The students love sharing what they learn from school with their family.
Please sign behavior folder daily.Some questions you might ask your child while they are reading...Who are the characters?Can you retell the story in order using details?What do you think will happen next?What is the setting?Could this story have happened somewhere else?What is your favorite part?Do you have any text to self, or text to text connections?


After correcting for differences in population size and age distribution, Québec had 12% to 50% more road fatalities than Ontario between 2000 and 2010.
In the same period, Québec also had 35% to 80% more serious injuries on the roads than Ontario. These gaps are even greater among men and young people between the ages of 16 and 24.
The objective of this research was to identify the main factors explaining the disparity in motor vehicle fatality and serious injury rates in the two provinces.
Inspired by the systems perspective and using a mixed methodology, the objective of this research was to identify the main factors explaining the disparity in motor vehicle fatality and serious injury rates in the two provinces. Our findings suggest that Ontario's better road safety performance can be explained in part by two sets of factors.
First, Ontario has adopted more restrictive measures to tackle drinking and driving. The legal blood alcohol limit for driving a motor vehicle in Ontario is 50mg/100ml, while in Québec it is still 80mg/100ml. Moreover, the legal age for buying and consuming alcohol in Ontario is 19 compared to 18 in Québec. The sale of alcohol is also more restricted in Ontario than in Québec, when it comes to points of sale and hours of service in bars and restaurants.
Second, Ontario's graduated licensing system is more restrictive than that in Québec. A new driver must always have an accompanying driver in the front passenger seat with at least four years of driving experience. New drivers may not drive between midnight and 5 a.m., or drive on highways or certain high-speed roads. Québec could improve its road safety record by adopting similar measures.
Robert Bourbeau, Université de Montréal
Call for proposals
Deposit of the research report: February 2016


As you breathe in, oxygen from the atmosphere enters the lungs and moves into the circulation through the capillary walls that surround the alveoli of the lung. When you exhale, both carbon dioxide and ethanol in the breath are removed from the blood (of course, not all of it!). Let’s look at this more closely.
- Ethanol dissolved in the mucous lining of the alveoli is in the liquid phase.
- Above the mucous layer is open space.
- As the ethanol vaporizes, the gas (vapor) expands to fill the air space within the alveolar sac.
- When you exhale, the vaporized ethanol exits the body. This is the same ethanol vapor that is measured by the Breathalyzer™ test to determine whether someone is intoxicated.
So, respiration not only provides the body a steady supply of oxygen, but also provides an exit for toxic waste products, including some volatile drugs like ethanol.
Figure 4.5 As ethanol diffuses into the alveoli, it vaporizes to a gas. Ethanol vapor can be exhaled from the body.


Johnnycake, corn pone, dodgers, alcohol, hominy, corn bread, corn cakes- there were a multitude of recipes on the farm that made use of corn.
Rebecca Burlend, who emigrated to Illinois with her family in 1831, remembered that "ground Indian corn" was one of their first purchases as they moved into their new homestead.
Burlend wrote, "Its taste was not pleasant to persons unaccustomed to it, but as it is wholesome food, it is much used for making bread...
Thus we lived the first few weeks as our new estate. Hasty pudding, sad bread, and a little venison were our ordinary food."


John Dewey has much more to say that supports the relevance of Dramatic Psychological Storytelling (DPS) in educational settings, but these salient points are enough for a beginning. Participating in the social consciousness of the race implies connection beyond ‘me’. People remember and learn from their experience more than from passive reception of information. Images and actions are more powerful than the words which are a necessary refinement that, as Dewey says, ‘devolve’ from action.
KeywordsLearning Objective Restorative Justice Artist Date Tutorial Group Workplace Violence
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- 1.Dewey, J. (1897) ‘My pedagogic creed’, The school journal, pp. 77–80.Google Scholar
- 2.Fulghum, R. (2004) All I really need to know I learned in kindergarten (New York: Ballantine).Google Scholar
- 3.Stein, H. (2003) ‘Beneath the crust: psychoanalytic anthropology and the cultural unconscious in American Life’, in David Gabbard and Kenneth J. Saltman, Education as enforcement: The militarization and corporatization of schools (London: Routledge Falmer) pp. 21–50.Google Scholar
- 4.Daly, K. & Hennessey, H. (2001) ‘Restorative justice and conferencing in Australia’, Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice #186 (Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology).Google Scholar
- 5.Williamson, D. (2002) Face to face: A conversation (Sydney: Currency Press).Google Scholar
- 7.Cameron, Julia (2002) The artist’s way: A spiritual path to higher creativity (New York: Tarcher, Putnam).Google Scholar


Topography is the science that studies and represents Earth's surface graphically in a realistic manner, not only tracing maps, also indicating the level changes (by means of curves), the kind of surface and showing the distance scales.
A program that will help you to design maps
To easily design contour maps we can use Therion, a tool that has been designed to represent spaces by means of vector drawings, allowing topographic maps of up to 25 square meters and allowing to insert images, to be able to use them as guides when starting a project.
Since it is an application focused on a specialized use, the interface isn't at all easy to use, requiring topography knowledge to be able to control the program.
As a curious detail, we have to add that it includes a utility that will allow the user to make a rough calculation of his alcohol level in blood, by only inputting a series of data.


During Ramadan, Muslims practice fasting as part of their religious rituals. However, studies have shown that there are many benefits associated with fasting. They are as following:
Increase Weight Loss:
Fasting decreases calorie intake during the day (supposedly). It keeps the body in the mode of neurotransmitter norepinephrine that raises the levels of metabolism. This process helps the body to lose body weight by 9% on average of 4-12 weeks.
Delay Aging and Extend Longevity:
Because fasting depends on decreasing the amount of food or cutting it off, it is logical to delay aging. The body will not be exhausted to process all the intakes every day, and that will give the body a spare time to relax and rest.
Boost Brain Function:
Fasting increases nerve cell synthesis and protects against neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s. It boosts the functions of the brain. Because the body is changing its norms, so the body realizes its capabilities.
Enhance Heart Health:
The blood pressure and cholesterol levels are significantly improved by fasting, and that results of fasting lead to decrease the probabilities of heart disease. Fasting, in general, increase the performance of the body and health.


A machine vision assisted robotic transplanter was developed to improve the quality of the grow-out trays that contain transplanted plugs. The machine vision system was designed to identify and locate empty positions in the transplanted seedling trays. The detection algorithm was able to inspect uneven height growth medium blocks in randomly oriented seedling trays. Fifteen species of seedlings were used in evaluating the integrated machine vision assisted robotic system. The overall vision system success rate in identifying mistransplanted empty growth medium blocks in the transplanted seedling trays is 95%.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||7|
|Journal||Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers|
|State||Published - Mar 1 1994|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)


Pages: 12 Published: Jan 2000
Blood lead levels as low as 10 μg/dl are associated with harmful effects on children's learning and behavior. Very high blood lead levels, exceeding 70 μg/dl, can cause serious health consequences, including seizures, coma and death. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels has dropped significantly over the years as leaded gasoline and lead solder used for canning food has been phased out. However, in 1997, the CDC estimated there are still 890,000 U.S. children with blood lead levels above 10 μg/dl. Lead-based paint remains the prevalent source of lead exposure for U.S. children.
Paper ID: MNL10396M


Rome, Italy. Theatre of Marcellus, completed 13 BC. Demonstrates arcuated Roman construction, with each round arch surrounded by an entablature frame. (Top floor was removed and redesigned during the Middle Ages.)
PERIOD OF POPULARITY:
BACKGROUND AND INSPIRATION:
More more images of Classical Roman architecture on Flickr, Click Here.
Rome, Italy. The Colosseum, completed 80 AD, revealing the key Roman form of round arch set inside an entablature frame.
Pompeii, Italy. Example of original Roman brick, labeled as such even today for its distinctive long, thin shape. The Romans spread their brickmaking skills throughout the Roman Empire.
Rome, Italy. The Pantheon, completed in its current form around 126 AD. With its Greek-style pediment in front and its circular rotunda on the interior, this is perhaps the most influential and oft-copied structure in Western history.
Rome, Italy. The Pantheon, interior rotunda. The oculus (opening) at the top provides the only significant light inside. The weight of the concrete dome is lightened with the five rows of coffers (sunken squares). The dome is a perfect half hemisphere, and if replicated on the bottom half would just touch the original floor when creating a full sphere.


The royal castle in Checiny is a pearl of Sandomierz and Świętokrzyskie region. The monumental and unapproachable fortress was built at the end of the 13th century and throughout the centuries it was the county seat, royal treasury, heavy state prison and the residence of the royal widows.
The Checiny Castle was built at the end of the 13th century and its construction was related to the exploitation of the nearby ore resources. During the Wladyslaw the Short’s reign in the castle were held the conventions of the knights and important state decisions were taken. At this time the castle kept the crown treasury. The Checiny castle also served as a residence and a state prison, for instance the princess Adelaide, the second barren wife of the Casimir the Great was exiled here by the dissapointed husband. In 1409 also Warcislaw of Gotartowice was imprisoned in the castle for his cowardice – too quick surrender of the Bobrowniki Castle to the Teutonic Knights. The destruction of the medieval castle begun in the 17th century: castle was burned during the rebellion of Mikołaj Zebrzydowski and totally plundered by Swedes. Since then the walls of the medieval fortress served as a source of building materials for the local inhabitants. The final blow to the castle striked the austrian artillery, which demaged boht towers during the World War I.
There is also a legend which tells about the White Lady – the spirit of Queen Bona, who once lived here with her enormous wealth. When she was leaving the castle she couldn’t take everything and to this day the Queen comes here every night looking for the hidden treasury.


Success is not to be measured by the position someone has reached in life, but the obstacles he has overcome while trying to succeed. - Booker T. Washington
- Staying focused.
- Being optimistic, no matter what.
- Raising confident kids.
- Getting along
- Earning more than you ever dreamed.
- Hanging in, regardless.
- Passing on what you know.
- Running for office.
- Finding the work you love.
- Telling the truth, always.
- Paying off debts.
- Finding the good in being fired.
- Winning a tough case.
- Celebrating a milestone birthday.
- Exceeding your parents' expectations.
- Building a house with a Habitat for Humanity team.
- Bouncing back after a failure.
- Delivering a healthy baby.
- Mastering the impossible.
- Setting and meet new goals.
- Losing the last ten pounds.
- Accepting your looks, hair and all.
- Getting a nasty habit under control.
- Bouncing Back.
- Maintaining work/life balance.
- Using the right balance of new technologies and old-fashioned business sense.
Create your own success achievement list.
Add more to your list?
Write in your Journal.
What surprised you most about this list?
A real business opportunity you can grow with?


New Jersey Standards
NJ.6.1.4. U.S. History: America in the World. All students will acquire the knowledge and skills to think analytically about how past and present interactions of people, cultures, and the environment shape the American heritage. Such knowledge and skills enable students to make informed decisions that reflect fundamental rights and core democratic values as productive citizens in local, national, and global communities.
6.1.4.B. Geography, People, and the Environment
Places are jointly characterized by their physical and human properties.
6.1.4.B.4. Describe how landforms, climate and weather, and availability of resources have impacted where and how people live and work in different regions of New Jersey and the United States.


Why Electric Height Adjustable Work Surfaces (EHAWS) Make For Good Business
Cornell University''''s Human Factors and Ergonomic Research Laboratory carefully studied the role that EHAWS play in musculoskeletal discomfort and productivity in the work environment. According to this and other cited studies:
- Results show significant decreases in the severity of musculoskeletal discomfort for most upper body regions.
- Alternating between sitting and standing at work benefits health and productivity.
- There is significantly less spinal shrinkage for office workers who stand for portions of the day.
- Body part discomfort decreases an average of 62 percent and the occurrence of injuries and illnesses decrease by more than half.
- Workers take shorter and fewer breaks when using sit to stand desks.
- Adjustable desks allow companies to easily fit the workspace to people of different heights and body types as well and those with disabilities and back problems.
- EHAWS are beneficial for hoteling, which is the practice of providing office space to employees on an as-needed basis. This reduces the amount of physical space that an enterprise needs, lowering overhead cost while ensuring that every worker can access office resources when necessary.
- Employers investing in electric sit-stand desks are realizing great advantages. Employees that are happier, healthier and more productive translates into cost savings and an improved working environment.
- A team of scientists at the University of Missouri found that the enzymes that are responsible for burning fat just shut down when we sit. Standing up while working helps to reduce weight. A lternating between sitting and standing posture at work benefits health and productivity.
ConSet electric height adjustable desks more than pay for themselves.
Download this document as a PDF file


Just prior to midnight on November 28, 2013, a 30 inch natural gas pipeline ruptured and caught fire in rural Pettis County in West Central Missouri. This rupture, between Houstonia and Hughesville, MO caused a massive fire above the pipeline. Because of the large fire, the glow surrounding the fire could be seen upwards of 40+ miles away (News Link). The fire first began showing up on the Kansas City (KEAX) WFO’s radar nearly immediately after the explosion. The reflectivity scan below is showing the smoke and ash plume.
The fire would continue overnight and eventually burn out. Because the fire was seen so far way, it was not until morning when the author, who actually is from the area, decided to look to see if the fire could be seen from any of the satellite overpasses that occurred during the night. Below is an image from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer (VIIRS) Day Night Band , aboard the Suomi National Polar Orbiting Satellite taken during the ~07:30 UTC (1:30AM CST) pass.
The very noticeable bright spot in Northern Pettis County (just west of the US 65 tag) corresponds to the KEAX’s radar signature. Further investigation of the previous days’ satellite imagery showed the only lights in the area were three dim light sources that appeared daily.
The Day Night Band is a visible image with 750 meter spatial resolution (More Info). The VIIRS product suite also includes other visible and infrared bands used for looking at clouds, aerosols, and fires at varying spatial resolutions. VIIRS has a high resolution (350 m) long wave infrared band that has a spectral bandwidth of 10.6-12.4 µm. This band is typically used for cloud imagery, but because sky conditions were clear, the surface of the Earth was visible. Due to temperature differences between the temperature of the fire and the surrounding land surface, a faint black dot is visible in the image at the location of the fire, indicating a heat source.


Travels in Time with Neil deGrasse Tyson
Publisher: Better Listen
Date: July 2009
Duration: 0 hours 52 minutes
Could you travel to the past and visit Julius Caesar? Could you travel to the year 4000 and see what the future is like? Find out about the possibilities and paradoxes of time travel. Time marches on except in astrophysics. Einstein taught us that time is a coordinate in space, and it's all relative. Learn about the weird physics of our universe that could make time travel possible. Standing in for Lynne Koplitz this week is J. Richard Gott, author of "Time Travel in Einstein's Universe."
J. Richard Gott III: Professor of astrophysics at Princeton University, and author of "Time Travel in Einstein's Universe."


“I want to start some special African violets for friends. How do I divide or take cuttings from them? Question from Anna of Cheboygan, Michigan
Answer: You will be happy to learn that African violets are one of the easiest houseplants to propagate! The process does not even require rooting hormone.
Starting African Violets from Cuttings
All you have to do is take leaf cuttings from African violets and give them good care until they root and sprout. Simply cut healthy leaves from the base of the petiole (stem) and insert them in moist Black Gold Vermiculite. Maintain high humidity and keep them out of direct sunlight. After a month or so they should root. Then within a couple more weeks, new leaves will slowly develop from the petiole base. Once the sprouting African violets look like small plants, move them into small pots filled with Black Gold African Violet Mix. They should start growing happily straight away! I also encourage you to watch our video on African violet care below, to ensure your little plants grow to their fullest.
Happy African violet growing!
Black Gold Horticulturist


Powder Coating Houston
What is Powder Coating?
Powder Coating Houston – The powder coating process uses a solvent-free dry mix of plastic resins, pigments, and fillers that melt and fuse together when heated. The solid particles of coating are electrostatically charged in a spray gun and carried by low-velocity air to the surface of the piece to be coated. The electrostatic charge holds the powder particles in place while the part is cured in a 400-degree oven. The heat of the oven causes a chemical reaction to occur and the powder to cure, creating a highly durable finish.
Why Powder Coat?
Powder coated surfaces are more resistant to chipping, scratching, fading, and wearing than other finishes. Color selection is virtually unlimited with high and low gloss, metallic, and clear finishes available. Colors stay bright and vibrant longer. Texture selections range from smooth surfaces to a wrinkled or matte finish, and rough textures designed for hiding surface imperfections.
Powder Coating is an environmentally friendly process. No VOC emissions.
Drying and Curing
The energy intensive operations in the powder coating operation are drying and curing. Typical drying and curing operations are with the use of convection ovens. The use of convection heating can be very slow and very costly if the parts are large and heavy since the evaporation or curing will be dependent on the bulk temperature of the part. Essentially the whole part must be hot enough to cause the part surface to either dry or the powder coat to cure. Therefore, large volumes of air need to be heated and exhausted from the convection oven to effectively dry or cure the parts.


Description - *This information is provided by Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation*
Tlingit natives originally inhabited this area and built a strategic fortification at this site. Between 1804-1867 Russians occupied this site. In 1867, on top of Castle Hill, Alaska was officially transferred from Russia to the United States. Today, Castle Hill is a state historic site and also designated as a National Historic Landmark.
- A fully accessible walkway leads visitors to the top of the hill and provides outstanding views of downtown Sitka and waterfront.
Recreation - Interpretive panels provide opportunities to learn more about the history of this site.
Climate - The climate in Alaska varies with terrain and region. The south-central region of the state is most temperate because it is protected from cold northern winds by the Alaska Range. The large bodies of water that lies closely to this area create a stabilizing factor for the air temperature. Southeast Alaska is wet. An average of 80 inches of rain comes to this region directly from the Gulf of Alaska.
In contrast to the southeastern region, the interior receives very little precipitation. The winters are long in this region with spring, summer and fall taking place from May through September. The western coast of Alaska experiences long, cold winters and short, chilly summers. This area is very far north and at the mercy of huge water bodies that don't warm. Southwestern Alaska experiences foggy, wet summers with high temperatures reaching 60 degrees F. Winters are severe on this long peninsula of land with storms rising from the surrounding waters frequently. The average rainfall for the region is 75 inches/year.
This park is located in downtown Sitka.


The results reveal a universe comprised of an intricate cosmic web of dark matter and galaxies spanning more than 1 billion light years, astronomers from Scotland and Canada said.
A team of researchers led by Catherine Heymans of the University of Edinburgh and Ludovic Van Waerbeke of the University of British Columbia achieved their results by analyzing images of about 10 million galaxies in four different regions of the sky.
They studied the images for distortion of the light emitted from these galaxies, which is bent as it passes massive clumps of dark matter on its way to Earth, an Edinburgh release said Monday.
Most of the galaxies included in the survey are around 6 billion light years away, meaning the light in the images in the study was emitted when the universe was 6 billion years old, about half its present age.
Computer simulations have long suggested a universe full of dark matter but that was difficult to verify, owing to the invisible nature of dark matter, researchers said.
"It is fascinating to be able to 'see' the dark matter using space-time distortion." Van Waerbeke said "It gives us privileged access to this mysterious mass in the Universe which cannot be observed otherwise."
Beautician charged with giving client fatal silicone butt injection
LGBT community has 'bullied the American people': Bachmann


Ingenious App Combines Maze Game With Math Word Problem
3/13/2017 5:40:00 AM
App of the Day picks are selected from the top edtech tools reviewed by Common Sense Education, which helps educators find the best ed-tech tools, learn best practices for teaching with tech, and equip students with the skills they need to use technology safely and responsibly.
Title: Marble Math Junior
Summary: Sticky math practice encourages kids to keep playing, maze after maze
Pros: Great customization options let you tailor gameplay to each student's needs.
Cons: Some of the obstacles may not be clear right away.
Bottom Line: Students will enjoy practicing math skills with word problems in fun mazes.
Read more here.
By Common Sense Education
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When I was a kid my brother owned a toy steam engine. It was similar to the Wilesco engine pictured to the right. You could connect a belt to its wheel and drive toy pieces of machinery with it. I remember it having a miniature table saw that could cut paper. We chopped up a lot of paper with that thing.
As you can imagine, it vastly entertained a young male's mind. There was an element of danger about it, with its little boiler of scalding water under pressure chugging away and, in our fevered imaginations, always ready to explode at any moment. Thus, we had great respect for the engine's pressure release valve. We fiddled with it endlessly to make sure it wasn't clogged.
However, the point of this post isn't really nostalgia. The other day I ran across a website called Animated Engines. The owner of it has methodically drawn frame by frame diagrams of engines with Autocad, which he then animates (and the speed of his animated gifs can be controlled). He's got 7 types of internal combustion engines, 10 steam engines, and 4 Stirling engines diagrammed. Quite fascinating to see all the approaches to building engines.
It was watching the animations of the steam engines that reminded me of my brother's toy. As much as we played with it, and as much as we fretted over the pressure release valve, watching the animation made me realize I never actually knew how it worked. Turns out the things had some really clever valve mechanisms to spin the drive wheel. The variety of their form is also interesting.
The site is worth spending a bit of time exploring.


Semester Schedule (Time Management) Worksheet
Planning your study time is imperative to successful academic performance. Students should study at least 2 hours outside of class, per unit, each week.
Example: Part I: 15 units x 2 hours = 30 hours homework: reading/projects/papers/studying
Part II: 15 hours in class (units) + 30 hours studying = 45 hours on academics each week
Use the Semester Schedule worksheet to help you plan your studying and effectively manage your time.
Recommended Steps to Using the Semester Schedule Worksheet
First document the “non-negotiable” commitments:
1. Write down your classes on the correct days and times
2. Write down your commute (door to door)
3. Write down your meals (maintain a healthy diet for optimal brain functioning!)
4. Write down your sleep time (recommend at least 6-8 hours each night to stay healthy and alert)
5. If employed, write down your work hours
a. If your hours change each week, write down the hours which are most consistent
b. If you are taking 12 or more units we recommend working no more than 20 hours each week
The time that remains is your studying, recreation/wellness, family, social and free time.
Second, document the following:
6. Locate two, two-hour time blocks, each day for studying, this yields 21 hours (two-hour time blocks are
recommended so you stay engaged in the material and maintain your focus)
7. Write down your recreation/wellness time
8. Write down your social, family and free time
9. Write down your additional study time to reach your # units x 2 hours recommendation (i.e. need to find an
additional 9 hours of study time if using this equation: 15 units x 2 hours = 30 study hours each week)
10. Implement your study plan!
You now have a good visual aid of how you spend your time each week.


According to new studies, the Egyptians started building the Great Pyramid of Giza on August 23, 2470 B.C. How did the Egyptian researches find the exact date? They used calculations based on the historical appearances of the star Sirius. "The appearance of this star indicates the beginning of an inundation period for the Nile”, said team leader Abdel-Halim Nur El-Din. Apparently, the inundation was a promising time for the Egyptians and they started building new structures at the beginning of every inundation period. The researches then had to compare our modern calendar, the Egyptian calendar, and the cycle of the star Sirius to find the exact day this star appeared. The evidence that proves 2470 B.C as the year of the building was that the pharaohs usually started building their tombs at the beginning of their reign, and Khufu became pharaoh in 2470 B.C. The Great Pyramid was supposed to be his tomb. Many researchers agree with Nur El-Din’s methods of calculating this exact date, but others argue that the exact year of Khufu becoming pharaoh has never been clear. Also, that the appearance of the star Sirius could have been different depending on the weather conditions during any given year. Depending on your point of view, the exact date of the beginning of the construction of the Great Pyramid has not been discovered…yet!
-Nona B., period 7


A team of researchers from the U.K. and Brazil has found that black-fronted titi monkeys are able to convey two types of information in their vocal alarms: location and predator type. As the team notes in their paper published in the journalBiology Letters, this is the first known instance of an animal other than human that is able to convey both types of alarms in one sequence of vocal alarms.
Over the years study by various researchers has determined that calls, screeches and other noises made by animals convey far more information than had been originally thought. Many species have been found to use vocal callings to warn others in their group of impending danger. Chief among them are calls to warn of predators that have wandered into the vicinity. Some animals call out to warn of the type of predator, others to let others know where the threat lies. Titi monkeys have, apparently, learned to convey both types of information by connecting different types of sounds together.
To learn more about titi monkeys and what their calls might mean, the research team ventured into a part of Brazil known as Minas Gerais—it’s a private nature preserve. There they placed stuffed versions of two types of animals that kill and eat titis when they can catch them: a bird of prey known as a caracara and oncilla, a predatory cat. Some of the stuffed predators were placed on the ground, while others were placed in the trees. After doing so, the researchers recorded the calls made by the titis in the area.
In analyzing the recordings, the researchers discovered that the monkeys emitted a series of noises when sending out alarms. Those patterns, they learned came in four distinct variants: one to indicate a bird in a tree, another a bird on the ground, one to indicate a cat on the ground and another that meant there was a cat in a tree. The sounds were individualized by changing the pitch, moving from a low to a high sound, or vice versa. In essence, the monkeys had developed a sort of Morse code.
Read more at: Phys.org


babbitt metal, any of several tin- or lead-based alloys used as bearing material for axles and crankshafts, based on the tinalloy invented in 1839 by Isaac Babbitt for use in steam engines. Modern babbitts provide a low-friction lining for bearing shells made of stronger metals such as cast iron, steel, or bronze. They may be made of: (1) high-tin alloys with small quantities of antimony and copper; (2) high-lead alloys containing antimony, arsenic, and tin; and (3) intermediate tin-lead alloys with antimony and copper.
The small quantities of hard metal in a soft matrix of tin or lead create a material strong enough to bear relatively high speeds and loads yet soft enough to embed dirt or other intrusions and not seize up on a spinning shaft in case of lubrication failure. Tin babbitts can be used at higher temperatures than the cheaper lead alloys, but most babbitts cannot endure prolonged use in high-performance internal-combustion engines, for which bearings are now made with linings of copper and aluminum alloys.


Death Valley has officially been declared the hottest place on Earth after a team of atmospheric scientists invalidated a temperature reading in Libya that had long been believed to be the warmest ever recorded. That means that the new record of 134°F/56.6°C was measured on July 10, 1913, at a weather station in Greenland Ranch, California.
The previous record of 136°F/57.7°C was recorded in El Azizia, Libya, on September 13, 1922. But meteorologists and climatologists have questioned the authenticity of that reading for years. In 2010, weather historian Christopher Burt from Weather Underground began an official inquiring that eventually led to a team of 13 scientists from 9 different countries joining together to determine if the reading was valid.
The team’s research got underway just as the Libyan revolution was kicking into high gear. That conflict put a temporary halt to the investigation as their primary contact inside the country went missing. He resurfaced eight months later, allowing the group to proceed and their findings revealed sufficient doubt to declare the old record to be inaccurate. The scientists blamed the faulty reading on antiquated instruments and a potentially inexperienced observer. They also said that the temperature was not consistent with those in surrounding locations and that the observation site wasn’t representative of the desert environment.
Weather geeks around the world will no doubt take note of this change and be excited by the declaration of a new “hottest place” on the planet. For most of us, however, hot is just plain hot no matter the location. While in the Sahara Desert a few years back, I saw temperatures flirt with 130°F/54.4°C as well and I’m not sure the difference of a few degrees would have even been noticed.
Still, if you have a desire to visit the driest and lowest place in North America, which also happens to be the hottest place on Earth, Death Valley National Park is certainly worth the effort.


IEA Warns Merkel to Reduce Cost of German Clean-Energy Switch
German consumers have so far borne the brunt through power bills that have been inflated by renewable power subsidies while large consumers have been shielded from the increased costs, the Paris-based adviser said in a study released today. The costs need to be “minimized and allocated fairly and equitably,” the agency said in the report.
Merkel has been trying to prevent a voter backlash before the Sept. 22 elections after costs to expand clean energy surged as the country seeks to more than triple the share of renewables in its power mix by 2050 while phasing out nuclear generation. Consumers in Europe’s biggest economy have seen power bills climb this year after a fee they pay for renewables jumped 47 percent to a record.
“The fact that German electricity prices are among the highest in Europe, despite relatively low wholesale prices, must serve as a warning signal,” IEA Executive Director Maria van der Hoeven said in an e-mailed statement. “The German government should maintain its policy course based on a predictable and stable regulatory framework while actively seeking means to reduce the costs.”
While the agency warned against retroactive cuts to subsidies that would discourage investment, it recommended creating incentives for renewable suppliers to connect to the grid where it’s most cost-effective. Germany should also speed up expansion of its electricity grid and strengthen the position of natural gas as the use of more-polluting coal is increasing, van der Hoeven said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Stefan Nicola in Berlin at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reed Landberg at firstname.lastname@example.org


This "Solar System" quilt was made by Ellen Harding Baker of Cedar County, Iowa, in 1876. The wool top of this applique quilt is embellished with wool-fabric applique, wool braid, and wool and silk embroidery. Included in the design is the appliqued inscription, "Solar System," and the embroidered inscriptions, "E. H. Baker" and "A. D. 1876." The lining is a red cotton-and-wool fabric and the filling is of cotton fiber.
The maker, Sarah Ellen Harding, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1847, and married Marion Baker of Cedar County, Iowa, on October 10, 1867. They lived in Cedar County until 1878, and then moved to Johnson County, where Marion had a general merchandise business in Lone Tree. Ellen had seven children before she died of tuberculosis in the spring of 1886.
The design of Ellen's striking and unusual quilt resembles illustrations in astronomy books of the period. Ellen used the quilt as a visual aid for lectures she gave on astronomy in the towns of West Branch, Moscow, and Lone Tree, Iowa. Astronomy was an acceptable interest for women in the nineteenthth century and was sometimes even fostered in their education.
Measurements: overall: 89 in x 106 in; 225 cm x 269 cm
Maker(s): quilter: Baker, Ellen Harding
Date Made: 1876
Place Made: United States: Iowa
Credit Line: Gift of Patricia Hill McCloy and Kathryn Hill Meardon
Object ID: 1983.0618.01
Division: Division of Home and Community Life


Detail of Garoda scroll. Water colours on paper; 279 cm x 56 cm. Gujarat. c. mid-20th century. 88/5/D.
The Garodas are a community of traditional storytellers from Gujarat who are known not only for painting and narrating legends, but also for painting horoscopes for newly born children. Unlike the chitrakatha, or storytelling traditions from Bengal and Rajasthan, the painted scrolls of the Garodas depict many legends in a single scroll.
The picture scrolls, known as tipanu in Gujarati, meaning “recording” or “remark”, are usually more than 3 m long and 35 cm broad and generally depict the following scenes:
A shrine in the centre of which is a full vase topped by a coconut; two horsemen in profile representing the heroes Aldang and Ni clang; four-armed Ganesha, often accompanied by his wives Riddhi and Siddhi; Shiva, usually riding his vehicle the bull Nandi, often flanked by goddesses, one of whom holds a snake, or bow and arrow, and the other a scorpion; goddess Lakshmi; the local story of Dhana Baghat; two goddesses, one riding a tiger, the other a cock (local goddess Bahuchara), killing the buffalo demon; Krishna quelling the snake king Kaliya; the Shravana episode from the Ramayana, depicting Dasharatha aiming his arrow at the youth carrying his blind parents seated on planks suspended from a pole slung across his shoulders; Rama and Lakshmana aiming at a two-headed deer, while Sita is sitting in a garden pavilion; two-armed Hanuman; ten-headed Ravana; the story of the truthful king Harishchandra; the game amli-pipli played between the Pandavas and Kauravas, wherein an over-sized figure of Bhima, with half his body in red and the other half in silver, is shaking the tree; the legend of Chelaiyyo, popular in Gujarat; Ramdev Pir of Ranuja, one of the deified heroes of Rajasthan, depicted by his footprints, his horse and his bride Netal; and finally the various punishments in hell and rewards in heaven. The detail here depicts the game of amli-pipli.


[clear here] How do a pair of Eagle Owls get embroiled in a legal battle and end up nesting in a potted plant?! Well, it’s an interesting story…
Three years ago Allan and Tracy noticed a strange thing: a mating pair of owls had suddenly set up shop in a potted plant on the balcony of their Johannesburg, South African condo. They discovered the owls had been forced to move in response to housing development destroying their natural habitat, a nearby greenbelt and wetland area. Allan and Tracy decided to take up their cause, and the owls became somewhat of a sensation in 2009 due to the housing developer’s ongoing efforts to build on the wetlands. A petition was circulated which ended up garnering over 27,000 signatures to stop the housing developers from continuing with their destruction of the nearby wetlands, and a court ruled in July of this year that the developers would have to cease and desist. But now, the developers are appealing the original court decision, and everything could be lost again.
The owls settled in starting in late August and have since laid 3 eggs, which will hatch after about a 30-day incubation period. Viewers are encouraged to check out the owls and sign the online petition to encourage the courts to uphold the original ruling.
Check out mama sitting on her nest right here.


An inventory of provincial lakes and reservoirs has been developed to characterise and assess the distribution and morphometry of standing water bodies in British Columbia. In the province, there are over 241,500 lakes and reservoirs greater than 1,000 m2 in size. These water bodies cover 2.37 percent of the province area and contain an estimated 521 km3 of water (312 km3 in natural lakes and 209 km3 in reservoirs). A hypsometric relation suitable for order-of-magnitude estimates of lake volume from lake area is presented. Based on the distribution and morphometric attributes of lakes, several distinctive limnologic regions were identified, including the northeastern Alberta Plateau (highest proportion of circular lakes), the southwestern Alberta Plateau (lowest lake density/ coverage and highest proportion of irregularly shaped lakes) and the Milbanke Strandflat (highest density of lakes). Observed regional and scale-related patterns in lake distribution/ morphometry appear to be largely related to geomorphic controls, particularly tectonic and glacial history. Large-scale hydrologic implications of these standing water bodies and potential ecosystem/water resource management applications of the provincial inventory are also discussed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Earth-Surface Processes


The Bayeux Tapestry, a 70-metre-long embroidered cloth that depicts the events of the Norman conquest of England, culminating in the Battle of Hastings has been digitised in high resolution and made available to the public.
The project to create a high-resolution panorama was led by the City of Bayeux and the DRAC Normandie (Ministry of Culture), with the assistance of the “Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie” who photographed the embroidery.
The tapestry was likely created around AD 1070 by Anglo-Saxon artists in England, on the commission of Bishop Odo of Bayeux.
It consists of some seventy scenes, many with Latin tituli, embroidered on linen with coloured woollen yarns, and mainly focuses on the events concerning William, Duke of Normandy, and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England.
Although political propaganda or personal emphasis may have somewhat distorted the historical accuracy of the story, the Bayeux Tapestry constitutes a visual record of medieval arms, apparel, and other objects unlike any other artifact surviving from this period.
The earliest mention of the tapestry dates from 1476, where it was hung for the week of the Feast of St John the Baptist. It survived the sack of Bayeux by the Huguenots in 1562; and the next certain reference is from 1724. During the French Revolution, the tapestry was used by soldiers to cover military wagons, but was rescued by a local lawyer who sent it to the city administrators for safekeeping.
View the Official digital representation of the Bayeux Tapestry – 11th century – Click Here
Header Image Credit : Bayeux Museum


The Hare and the Tortoise Retold by Aaliyah
One hot summer morning was a Hare who always thought he was the most fast, clever and handsome animal in the meadow. He told the rabbit that his ears were the tallest. Hare always made fun of Tortoise because he was so slow. Tortoise had had enough of Hare making fun of him, so he said, "Hare, I have had enough of you. I want to have a race with you."
Hare said, "Ha! You are the slowest animal in the land."
"We'll see about that!" Said Tortoise.
So everyone gathered where Hare and Tortoise were having the race. Everyone cheered for Tortoise even if Tortoise lost because Tortoise was a very good friend to everyone. He was a patient, kind, faithful, joyful little Tortoise. So the fox said "Get on your marks, get set, go!" Hare was running and running and Tortoise was plodding and plodding. Hare came to a stop. He was very tired. Hare thought Tortoise was so slow that he could not even catch up, so Hare went to bed. Hare was fast asleep. Tortoise was plodding past Hare. Tortoise saw that Hare was asleep so he kept trying to get to the finish line. Hare ran as fast as he could, but it was too late, Tortoise had already crossed the finish line. Hare came to Tortoise and said "'I'


Both the word descendant and its root, descent, appear to be normal and unremarkable words. Yet, on closer inspection, we can uncover some interesting ideas behind the words.
When we descend, we move down, or we fall. Implicit in this word is weakness, darkness, and the loss of power. Surely, descend cannot be a word with a positive connotation. Yet, to descend from also means that one is connected by blood to a predecessor.
To interpret from a unique perspective, descent implies a certain structure of power. In one sense, it imposes a sort of hierarchical order to society based upon seniority and age. Later generations would, being descendants, by default be positioned below previous generations in the scheme of power, authority, and respect. In essence, descent reflects the society which coined the word.
Another possible intepretation has more religious overtones. The tale of Adam and Eve tells us of original sin. What this means, then, is that all descendants are literally descending into the darkness. Hence, the word descent refers symbolically to the original fall from grace since Adam and Eve.
A last point of interest comes from a decidedly more scientific point of view. According to evolution, later generations are more likely to be fit than predecessor generations. Thus, later organisms have ascended the evolutionary ladder, becoming better in the process. Then, perhaps it would be more appropriate to reverse the naming convention to better reflect the gradual improvements across the generations.
Descent - perhaps not such a unremarkable word after all.
Technorati Tags : Descent , Descendant , Word Analysis


The China National Health and Family Planning Commission reported yesterday an additional human case of avian influenza A(H5N6).
The case involves a 50-year-old man who lives in Xiangxi, Hunan. The patient developed symptoms on May 23 and was admitted to a local hospital on May 28. He is now in a critical condition. This is the second case reported from Hunan province.
From 2014 to date, a total of 14 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N6) have been reported by the Mainland health authorities.
Guangdong province has reported six human cases since 2014, followed by Hunan and Yunan with two each. The remaining cases were reported in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hubei and Anhui with one each.
Ten of the 14 total cases have been reported since Oct. 2015.
Avian influenza (AI) is caused by those influenza viruses that mainly affect birds and poultry, such as chickens or ducks. These AI viruses are distinct from human seasonal influenza viruses. Since the AI viruses does not commonly infect human, there is little or no immune protection against them in the human population. People mainly become infected with AI through direct contact with infected birds and poultry (live or dead), their droppings or contaminated environments.
- Samar outbreak kills 21 to date, Investigation ongoing
- Thailand eliminates mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis, 1st in Asia
- Bangkok reports dengue fever increase


The Gallows from which Joseph Süß Oppenheimer ("Jew Süß") was Hanged (1738)
The “court Jew” Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698-1738, known colloquially and pejoratively as “Jew Süss”) was a financial adviser to Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg (r. 1733-1737), who in 1736 took the controversial step of formally appointing him Privy Financial Counselor. Oppenheimer assisted the duke in establishing absolutist rule by raising taxes and duties while circumventing the parliamentary estates. These policies, together with Karl Alexander’s conversion to Catholicism, led to severe conflicts with the estates. After the duke’s death in 1737, Oppenheimer became a political scapegoat and fell victim to trumped-up charges of sexual misconduct. He was tried, convicted, and publicly executed in 1738. (Later, the Nazis exploited the story for their own anti-Semitic ends.) This image shows the doomed Oppenheimer and the gallows from which he was hanged on February 4, 1738. According to legend, before the execution, he was put on display in a human-sized bird cage and pressured to convert to Christianity (which he refused to do). He was then hanged. His corpse remained on display in the cage for six years. Broadsheet by unknown artist, mid-eighteenth century.
© Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz / SBB / Ruth Schacht
Original: Handschriftenabteilung, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz


French 3 is designed to further develop French language skills while providing a more in depth insight into French idiomatic expressions and francophone cultures around the world. Your four language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) will be developed in an integrated and contextualized way through in-class activities (projects, weekly discussions, improvised dialogues, presentations etc.) music, Internet activities, games, films etc. You will be able to express yourself on topics and to understand content related to social life, news, cultural leisure and environment. You will be able to express and understand expressions of possibility, necessity, doubt, hope, will as well as give elaborated points of view. By the end of the course you will be able to interact with fluency in most daily situations, you will be able to discuss ideas, concepts and make hypotheses within the familiar and, to some extent unfamiliar topics as well as produce written and oral paragraphs, prepared or spontaneous using level appropriate discursive tools.


Spectra™ Cavity Detection
In the United States, dental caries (cavities) in children and adults has declined over the past 40 years; however, oral disease continues to be prevalent and presents a major public health issue. As with any disease, early detection is key to reversing this trend.
With the Spectra™ cavity detection aid, our Richmond, MI, practice can offer patients innovative technology and better overall care. Not only does Spectra technology clearly visualize patients’ current oral hygiene status, it serves as an additional aid in evaluating the efficacy of treatment over a period of time.
What Is Spectra?
Spectra is the first handheld digital imaging instrument that aids in the detection of caries. Spectra quickly and reliably identifies decay-causing bacteria. Spectra uses fluorescent technology similar to the fluorescence principle used in the detection of oral cancer. Optical methods, such as Spectra, for the detection of cavities have the advantage of being noninvasive.
How Exactly Does Spectra Work?
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) project high-energy, violet-blue light onto the tooth surface. Light of this particular wavelength makes cavity-causing bacteria to fluoresce red while healthy enamel fluoresces green.
The captured data is sent to the office computer where Air Techniques’ Visix™ imaging software interpolates it, making the cavity-causing bacteria clearly visible on the monitor. The computer displays active caries in red and healthy tooth enamel in green.


Read the sections on Hypothesis Testing in your book.
Click on these links
Think of an application where you can use hypothesis testing to test a premise. Use .05 for your alpha and give the scenario. Set up the problem, solve it and state your conclusions. See the example below.
First post: First summarize the 3 videos and make a note of what you learned. Then create your own hypothesis test. For instance, XYZ car company boast that it’s new car Eco Auto gets at least 59 miles to the gallon. Given a sample mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 3.5 where 35 people were tested, find the z value and p score. Hint: Use the P value calculator in the announcements to find the p score.
You can put this in excel or your calculator
Using the z to p value calculator
with Î±=.05, 1 tailed test and z=-3.38, you get
or enter this in excel
=norm.dist(57,59,3.5/35^.5,true) and hit enter
This is the z value and in this case the p value
If you have a 2 tailed- test, then multiply the value you get by 2.
and hit enter
Since p < .05, you reject the null.
You will also write 2 respond by mentioning the video and tell what you learned. Also mention how the hypothesis test helped you.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 250 words. Please respond to at least 2 other students. Responses should be a minimum of 100 words and include direct questions.


This page has frequently asked questions and facts regarding climate change. It has index tabs for Fact Sheets, Lesson Plans, Climate Change Educator Conference, Case Studies and other Links. In Partnership with NSTA.
Explores the risk of climate change due to a variety of causes. Links to extensive data.
This page is a gateway to real-time and archived data, videos, and much much more educational materials regarding climate and climate change.
An explanation of thermohaline circulation
This lengthy essay on the history and impact of global warming is part of a collection or ebook The Discovery Of Global Warming
Page is a selection of articles/lessons with activities on the sea level topics with animations, simulations and hand out material.
A page from vital climate graphics, part of the 1995 IPCC Second Assessment Report. The graphs show sea level rise over the last century & future scenarios respectively. The text examines challenges of accurately measuring sea level changes
A page from vital climate graphics, part of the 1995 IPCC Second Assessment Report. The graph shows projected sea level rise until 2100 & the text explains the graph.
A page from vital climate graphics, part of the 1995 IPCC Second Assessment Report. Explores projected sea level rise and impact for population and land of Bangladesh


Intro: Environmental Bottle Lamps
This instructabule will guide you on how to build a lantern, or lamp shade out of your average 2 liter soda bottle.This instructabule is perfect for replacing broken lamp shades or adding a dimer to your average lite source,and save some ounces of plastic from the environment!
Step 1: Supplies and Tools
liter bottle including lid (can be soda or other liquid)
Step 2: Where to Cut?
Set the bottle on top of the light fixture and mark around the light fixture on the bottle.
Step 3: Cleaning
Cleaning is a very important step into the lamp, to prevent precipitation from entering the electrical parts.
First, you will need to wash of the soda, from the bottle, then rub of the marks that could be left from the marker,and then dry the bottle.
Step 4: Attaching
To attach the bottle to the light fixture, simply slide the bottle to the light bulbs protectors. and make sure all cords are safely in place, and that the bulb does not come in contact with the bottle.
Step 5: Adjusting the Light
To adjust the light on the lamp, just simply attach the cap to the bottle on, for darker, and for lighter, take it off.


We present a high-resolution cross-disciplinary analysis of kinship structure and social institutions in two Late Copper Age Bell Beaker culture cemeteries of South Germany containing 24 and 18 burials, of which 34 provided genetic information. By combining archaeological, anthropological, genetic and isotopic evidence we are able to document the internal kinship and residency structure of the cemeteries and the socially organizing principles of these local communities. The buried individuals represent four to six generations of two family groups, one nuclear family at the Alburg cemetery, and one seemingly more extended at Irlbach. While likely monogamous, they practiced exogamy, as six out of eight non-locals are women. Maternal genetic diversity is high with 23 different mitochondrial haplotypes from 34 individuals, whereas all males belong to one single Y-chromosome haplogroup without any detectable contribution from Y-chromosomes typical of the farmers who had been the sole inhabitants of the region hundreds of years before. This provides evidence for the society being patrilocal, perhaps as a way of protecting property among the male line, while in-marriage from many different places secured social and political networks and prevented inbreeding. We also find evidence that the communities practiced selection for which of their children (aged 0-14 years) received a proper burial, as buried juveniles were in all but one case boys, suggesting the priority of young males in the cemeteries. This is plausibly linked to the exchange of foster children as part of an expansionist kinship system which is well attested from later Indo-European-speaking cultural groups.
- 615 Historia ja arkeologia


One of the most popular free-time option to volunteers in Ecuador is visiting the equator – only a 30-minute drive north of downtown Quito! The word ‘ecuador’ means ‘equator’ in Spanish – the invisible line of zero latitude passing through this small Andean country. The Middle of the World (Mitad del Mundo) where you can stand with one foot in the northern hemisphere and one foot in the southern hemisphere.
Zero Latitude: Attractions When Visiting the Equator
People of all ages enjoy visiting the equator, as there is a lot to do here! At Intiñan Museum, where the actual line of 00º00’00’’ latitude runs, one can learn all about the weird phenomena that occur only at the equator. Here you can lose weight in one second, balance an egg on the head of a nail, see the Coriolis effect for yourself, and feel like you’re inebriated when trying to walk in a straight line! There is even more to be learned at the Solar Museum.
Intiñan also houses an ethnographic museum, including huts which represent ancestral culture from Ecuador. Visitors here can learn about traditions, rituals, cultural artifacts, and tools used for hunting and fishing. This museum seeks to teach about the country’s four main regions – the Andes, the Coast, the Amazon, and the Galapagos Islands – and the cultures and cosmography of the original inhabitants of these places through which the equator passes.
When you volunteer in Ecuador, make sure to schedule time to visit the equator and other natural, cultural, and historic attractions for which Ecuador is renown.


Whenever you use a computer, you leave behind a rich seam of personal information. Computers can use that to understand your personality far better than your family or friends.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Cambridge have performed a study which compared the personality traits of 86,000 participants acquired via a questionnaire with an analysis of their Facebook activity.
Where the team had gathered data from over 100 Facebook likes for a person, their algorithms could determine a person's personality more accurately than their friends and family — and almost as well as their partner. The research is published in PNAS.
Interestingly, the techniques aren't limited to Facebook, so any analysis of other evidence left behind on a computer — the websites our visit, the purchases you make on Amazon, whatever — could all be used to contribute to working out what kind of person you are. It's not just idle research either: the team suggest that their insights could easily be used to predict your suitability for a job. Instead of applying for new employment, algorithms would spot from scouring internet data that you might be suitable – before head-hunting you.
Scared? It's perhaps still a little early to panic. After all, this analysis is based on just five major personality traits, while many psychological analyses use hundreds of dimensions to build an accurate picture of you and your behaviour. Until computers can match that, no algorithm will ever know you as well as, say, your spouse. But regardless, the power of the algorithm is clear. It might be time to pay a little more care to what you 'like' on Facebook. [PNAS via New Scientist]
Image by Chester Luna under Creative Commons license


Sampling soil is needed to quantified nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solvent bacteria, soil’s macro and micro nutrient content, and also soil field capacity. Sampling method are using composites with 9 sampling points. Soil sample was taken diagonally with distance between points 4,5 meters on the sampling squares which has been made before. Sampling Soil on reclamation area 2004 and 2008 was done on convex, concave, and flat surfaces. Sample ring was used to ease the sampling process on 10-20 cm deep, although the soil was included in disturbed soil sample. After composited, the soil sample were wrapped using plastic bag and labeled, and stored on a cold storage. The soil sample immediately sent to the lab for examination and content analysis.


Uniforms that the department wears are half of the reason an officer feels pride in their job. The uniform symbolizes, justice, courage, integrety and respect. While an officer moves through the ranks of the NYPD, their uniform changes with colors and emblems. Formal uniforms used in marches, funerals, and award ceremonies are the glory of an officer in the NYPD. Uniforms show everything about an officer, whether they are reliable or not, and if they are enthusiastic or not. Sloppy uniform, means two things: lazy and disrespectful.
A NYPD officers uniform is a dark blue shirt, pants and tie. An officer above the rank of Sergeant wears the same uniform with a white shirt to symbolise his or her authority.
|Title||Insignia||Uniform Shirt Color||Badge design||Badge Color||Badge Numbered|
Chief of Department
|||White||Medallion with eagle and four stars||no|
|Bureau Chief||||Medallion with eagle and three stars|
|Assistant Chief||||Medallion with eagle and two stars|
|Deputy Chief||||Medallion with eagle and one star|
|Inspector||||Medallion with eagle||Gold & Blue Enamel|
|Deputy Inspector||||Laurels and crown with oak leaves|
|Captain||||Laurels and crown|
|Blue||Shield with Eagle||Gold
Gold & Blue Enamel


To seal a tubeless tire, first locate where the sealant should be applied, whether it be a slow leak hole or to the whole tire so it retains air longer. After finding the location, select the best sealant. Clean the application area of the tire well to remove all dust and particles. When cleaned, apply the patch or a thin layer of the liquid sealant to the, and tire then allow time for it to adhere.Continue Reading
For tubeless tires, liquid sealant is an excellent choice, as many liquid sealants seal punctures while riding. Liquid sealants typically are thin and viscose for easy application and coverage. To allow the liquid sealant to properly disperse and evenly dry, turn the tire horizontally so it does not drip, run or dry out of place.
When sealing tires to ensure they retain air longer, periodically check the sealant level to recognize when the sealant needs to be re-applied. To double-check if the sealant needs re-application, periodically check the tire pressure of the tubeless tires. Some liquid sealants dry out quickly -- particularly latex-based sealants or tires that are used in arid or extreme conditions. Typically, sealants only need to be re-applied every six weeks.Learn more about Bicycles


Spellings and Home Learning
The following two lists show the high frequency words the children need to know by the end of Year 4:
The following links are to our interactive spelling practice lists. Children should complete these daily. The practice lists are arranged by week number.
Home learning arrangements:
Please refer to our our new Home Learning Diary
Why is home learning important?
The focus of home learning in Laycock Primary School is on the important skills of English, to include writing, spelling and reading with parents / carers, and Maths, to include the practice and acquisition of key number bonds and multiplication tables. Home learning is expected to be appropriate for the age group and abilities of the pupils. It is expected to extend school experiences as well as to consolidate and reinforce skills and understanding.
A whole school talk activity is also given to all children every Thursday for discussion as a family and is followed up in class every Friday morning.


Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (; (28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who led the nation to victory in the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in politics after 1870. Clemenceau served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. He was one of the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Nicknamed "Le Tigre" (The Tiger), he took a very harsh position against defeated Germany and won agreement on Germany's payment of large sums for reparations.
Read more about Georges Clemenceau.
Some articles on Georges Clemenceau:
... bought an apartment in Paris for his friend Georges Clemenceau in 1926 to use as a retirement home ... Clemenceau, Arizona, USA was named in honor of Georges Clemenceau by his friend James Douglas, Jr ... in 1917 Mount Clemenceau (3,658m) in the Canadian Rockies was named after Clemenceau in 1919 ...
... Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (French pronunciation 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman, physician, and journalist. 1917, Clemenceau formed a coalition cabinet in which he was also minister of war ... the French delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, Clemenceau insisted on Germany's disarmament and was never satisfied with the Versailles Treaty ...
Famous quotes containing the words georges clemenceau, clemenceau and/or georges:
“General de Gaulle was a thoroughly bad boy. The day he arrived, he thought he was Joan of Arc and the following day he insisted that he was Georges Clemenceau.”
—Franklin D. Roosevelt (18821945)
“It is far easier to make war than to make peace.”
—Georges Clemenceau (18411929)
“At anchor she rides the sunny sod,
As full to the gunnel of flowers growing
As ever she turned her home with cod
From Georges Bank when winds were blowing.”
—Robert Frost (18741963)


The back-reference ‘\n’, where n is a single digit, matches the substring previously matched by the nth parenthesized subexpression of the regular expression. For example, ‘(a)\1’ matches ‘aa’. When used with alternation, if the group does not participate in the match then the back-reference makes the whole match fail. For example, ‘a(.)|b\1’ will not match ‘ba’. When multiple regular expressions are given with -e or from a file (‘-f file’), back-references are local to each expression.


They're calling it the "Amazon Stonehenge." Archaeologists have found a massive ancient stone structure in a remote part of the Amazon basin that was probably used as an astronomical observatory or a place of worship, report the BBC News and Agence France Presse.
The site, which is thought to be about 2,000 years old based on the age of fragments of indigenous pottery found nearby, was constructed long before Europeans colonized the area and so suggests that the native people had a sophisticated and advanced knowledge of astronomy--something that contradicts historical views. The appearance bears a striking resemblance to England's Stonehenge, which is several thousand years older than the Amazon site.
Found in Calcoene in the Amapa state of Brazil in the far north of the country near the border with French Guyana, it was constructed of 127 large stone blocks, each of which weighs several tons and measures 10 feet high. Carefully arranged and evenly spaced, they were driven into the ground in an open field on top of a hill. But it is the sophisticated construction with the stones laid out to identify the winter solstice that most impresses the archaeologists. "Only a society with a complex culture could have built such a monument," archaeologist Mariana Petry Cabral, of the Amapa Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, told O Globo newspaper. In December, the sun's rays pass through a hole in of the blocks, which possibly allowed the people to calculate agricultural activity and religious rituals, reports AFP.
UCTP Note: Amazonian Stone "Batey" similar to those found in the Caribbean.


- Is encryption used to secure critical data?
- Whether in all the locations where the critical data is stored is encrypted?
Yes. The encryption algorithm is AES 256 bits.
- What are the keys used in encryption?
The following keys are used,
How the DEK is generated?
- A data encryption key called DEK is used to encrypt the data
- A master encryption key called MEK is used to encrypt the DEK
Randomly generated by the application without any intervention by human users
Are we splitting the MEK?
Yes. MEK is split into two key components and distributed to two key custodians. Neither of the custodians have full knowledge of the key all by themselves.
How are the keys being stored?
The keys are stored in the following formats
Is there a Key Management Policy?
- The DEK is stored in a key file format in the database server
- The MEK is stored in the key file format in the application server
Yes. There is a thorough policy on Key Management with specific module to ensure modification of the keys as and when required. The retired keys are deleted in a secure manner to ensure that it is unconstructuable.
Does the CDE have a separate firewall?
Yes. It monitors the traffic in the following conditions
- Between the internet and the web server/merchant applications
- Between the web server/merchant applications and the App server
- Between the application server and the database server


National Center Senior Fellow Jeff Stier was quoted Friday in a WebMD article on a report in Environmental Science & Technology.
As WebMD’s Denise Mann reported, “Reports of intersex fish, including male fish with some female characteristics, led to widespread concerns about female hormones leaching into the nation’s water supply.”
The report concluded that only one percent of the estrogen in our drinking water supply can be traced back to oral contraceptives. Mann added, “Soy and dairy products and animal waste contribute far more estrogen to the water supply than do oral contraceptives.”
Jeff is quoted saying, in part, “There is no body of scientific evidence which leads to the conclusion that trace levels of hormones in drinking water are a contributor to human health problems, be they from pharmaceuticals or other sources.”


RSAC-0110- RPT2. Salt Lake City, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center
Large areas of aspen (Populus tremuloides) have disappeared and continue to disappear from western forests due to successional decline and sudden aspen decline (SAD). This loss of aspen ecosystems negatively impacts watersheds, wildlife, plants, and recreation. Much can still be done to restore aspen if timely and appropriate action is taken. However, land managers often lack fundamental information on the location, quantity, and status of aspen stands. This information is needed to plan, implement, and defend aspen restoration activities, but it is often difficult and costly to obtain. Advances in remote sensing technologies can provide cost-effective ways to obtain spatial and quantitative information about aspen to support restoration activities at multiple scales. With sponsorship from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Remote Sensing Steering Committee, the Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center conducted three pilot studies to develop remote sensing methods for obtaining key information about aspen. Efforts were focused primarily on developing a method to create a stratified probability map of aspen cover from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery for a study area located in the Custer National Forest. Photo-interpreted samples of the strata yielded estimates of the aspen cover present in each stratum. This product can greatly increase the efficiency of planning restoration activities and collecting associated field data. Pilot studies were also conducted to develop remote sensing methods to map SAD across large areas and map small, isolated aspen patches for restoration planning.
Hamilton, Randy; Megown, Kevin; DiBenedetto, Jeff; Bartos, Dale; and Mikeck, Anne, "Assessing aspen using remote sensing" (2009). Aspen Bibliography. Paper 3483.


Marine Forces for the Future
Gen. George Crist, USMC (Ret.)
The Marine Corps has always lived on the margin beside the larger U.S. military services. Historically the strength and capabilities of the Corps have followed a sine curve, rising and falling in direct relation with the extent of America's military commitments and involvements. The era of U.S.-Soviet confrontation, and related conflicts in Korea and Vietnam, marked nearly forty years of historically unprecedented stability for the Corps.
The fading of the confrontation era is stripping away the commitment by the United States to a global war posture, and with it the cushion against descending military manpower levels and reduced resources. Now the Marine Corps again faces fierce competition for a share of defense allocations and for the visibility of its role in the post-containment strategy.
The fortunes of the Marine Corps have traditionally been founded in four potential missions: large wars, limited or regional wars, small wars, and demonstrations of force. By public law the roles and missions of the Marine Corps are primarily naval and amphibious: they focus on the seizure and defense of advanced naval bases and the conduct of land operations essential to the prosecution of naval campaigns. In reality, however, what the Corps is called upon to undertake often has little relevance to the words of the law. The Marine Corps is proscribed from being a "second land army." Yet in World Wars I and II, in Korea, in Vietnam, and more recently in the Persian Gulf, that is precisely how the Corps was used.


I need to figure out how to find the Normal and Tangent of acceleration. I know the formula for the tangent of acceleration is $((Acceleration . Velocity)/(Velocity.Velocity))*Velocity$ and the normal ...
I want to plot functions & integrals with vector variable the present in this paper. For example the equation (5) at p. 3: I want to plot a chart like figure 5, i.e. the $x$-axis is the angle ...
I asked this same question in Mathematics, and it was suggested I might try here. I'm more comfortable with Maple, but if I can get Mathematica to do what I'm after, so much the better. Basically ...


Quality Grade 7 English Tutoring & Help
Oxford Learning®’s 7th Grade tutoring will help your child with the learning abilities he or she will need to succeed in Grade 7 English, and in all subjects.
Students in Grade 7 are expected to have a solid foundation when it comes to their reading and writing skills. If they’ve fallen behind or are having a hard time following the school curriculum, now is the time to get extra help from a Grade 7 English tutor. Oxford Learning®’s Grade 7 reading and writing programs help students improve their reading, vocabulary, and spelling abilities.
With 7th Grade English help, students gain skills that can be used for many years to come including homework skills, planning abilities, and confidence, building a solid foundation for high school success. That’s the Oxford Learning® difference.
Grade 7 English Tutoring Subjects
- Read with fluency for meaning
- Understand form and style
- Acquire appropriate reading skills and strategies
- Read difficult texts from different sources, including novels, short stories, poetry, autobiographies, historical fiction, etc.
- Read critically, extracting proper meaning out of texts
- Differentiating among text forms, patterns, features, and elements of style
- Develop and organize content
- Use knowledge of form and style in writing
- Present written work effectively
- Reflect on writing skills and strategies
- Expand their vocabulary and use proper grammar and punctuation
- Portfolio component, where students select pieces of writing that reflect their growth and explain their choices


Marie Curie, a French physicist famous for her research on radioactivity, was born this Sunday, 7 November 1867. Madame Curie and her husband Pierre found that a mineral called pitchblende was far more radioactive than its uranium and thorium could account for; that led to their discovery of two more radioactive elements--polonium and radium--in 1898. They received the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics for this work.
After Pierre was killed in 1906, run over by a horse-drawn wagon, Marie took his position at the Sorbonne and became the first woman to teach there. In 1910 she isolated pure radium metal--which earned her a share of another Nobel Prize a year later. During World War I, she helped equip ambulances with x-ray machines and trained doctors on using the new technique. Marie Curie died of cancer in 1934.
[Source: Roy Porter, Ed., The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists (Oxford University Press, ed. 2, 1994).]


Your yawning habit may be attributed to fatigue or a lack of energy. Yawning makes you look like you are bored or disinterested in what you are doing. No one wants to be yawning unless they are about to go to bed. Learn how to stop yawning by following these steps.
Get more sleep. Your yawning may be attributed to not getting enough sleep. Get more sleep by going to bed at an earlier time, keeping your room dark and cool and blocking out the light. If you don't get enough sleep you won't be able to stop yawning.
Take a nap. Try to take a nap during the day. If you work a 9-5 job, try to take naps on the weekends.
Exercise. Exercising once a day will greatly increase your energy and prevent fatigue.
Don't eat too much at lunch. When you stuff yourself at lunch your body slows down while it processes everything you eat. Big lunches lead to tired afternoons with lots of yawning. Eat a light lunch to stop yawning.
Eat more fruit. Cut out the sweets and the junk and eat a healthier diet. You are what you eat, and putting bad stuff in will make you fee tired faster.


Common Name: Southern Flying Squirrel
Scientific Name: Glaucomys volans
Total Length: 8-9 inches
Tail Length: 3-5 inches
Weight: 1.6-3 ounces
Comments: Southern flying squirrels live in woodpecker holes and tree cavities. They cannot fly, but they can "glide" up to 300 feet due to a web of skin extending from their front to hind legs. When gliding they appear flat and square with a flattened tail that provides an efficient rudder to control their aerial maneuvers. Before landing the tail flips upward and the squirrel lands, hind feet first, with his head up. Females produce two litters of 1-7 young. Longevity in the wild is up to six years.
Distribution: Southern flying squirrels can be found in thickly wooded areas from Central America through the eastern half of the United States and into southeast Canada. They are found in oak-hickory forests in the eastern quarter of Kansas.
Food: Southern flying squirrels forage at night on nuts, seeds, leaf and flower buds, berries, insects, nestling birds, bird eggs, and carrion.


A cartoon character might treat a toothache by wrapping a cloth bandage under his jaw and tying it at the top of his head. But while this is sometimes still used as a common visual example of tooth pain, it's based on a long-passed method of bandaging the jaw to relieve dental soreness. Historians aren't entirely sure what the purpose of the practice was. Most believe it was to hold a poultice (a moist salve comprised of bread, cereal or mashed beans or beets) in place. Of course the treatment, which can be traced back to ancient Babylon, could've also been used to warm the cheek or keep evil spirits from the face and mouth [source: Wynbrandt].
Head bandages weren't the only unusual practice for treating toothaches. From cloth-wrapped hot bricks to chloroform-soaked cotton balls, history is filled with desperate attempts to end dental discomfort [sources: Steele; Ritter, et. al]. Historical records show that the Chinese used arsenic pills placed between the teeth to help ease pain [source: Wynbrandt]. Siberians came up with a debatably more desirable treatment, which involved gargling a garlic-vodka solution several times a day [source: Kourenoff].
Fortunately for you, you live in the 21st century -- and you're not an animated character. And luckily, there are many proven, nontoxic methods of treating toothaches. So if you're experiencing a painful ache in your teeth and gums, leave the cloth bandage, arsenic and chloroform alone, and try one of the remedies on the following pages.


The Queen's Chapel is a chapel in central London, England, that was designed by Inigo Jones and built between 1623 and 1625 as an external adjunct to St. James's Palace for Roman Catholic queen Henrietta Maria. It is one of the facilities of the British monarch's personal religious establishment, the Chapel Royal, and should not be confused with the 1540 building known as the Chapel Royal within the palace and just across Marlborough road.
It was built as a Roman Catholic chapel at a time when the construction of Catholic churches was prohibited in England, and was used by Charles I's Catholic queen Henrietta Maria. From the 1690s it was used by Continental Protestant courtiers. It was built as an integral part of St James's Palace, but when the adjacent private apartments burned down in 1809 they were not replaced and in 1856-57 Marlborough Road was built between the palace and the Queen's Chapel. The result is that physically the chapel now appears to be more part of the Marlborough House complex than of St James's Palace. It became a Chapel Royal again in 1938.
The Queen's Chapel was where, for several days, the body of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was placed during the preparations for her lying-in-state in Westminster Hall.
- Savoy Chapel
- The Buildings of England London 6: Westminster (2003) pages 587-88.
- Template:Cite web


LIVING STANDARDS: Living Standards on the Up
Recent Gauteng Business News
Using Living Standards Measures (LSMs), a marketing tool developed by the South African Advertising Research Foundation, the Survey shows that in 2001, one in ten (11%) adults were in LSM 1, the lowest living standard category. By 2010 this had fallen to only 2%.
Over the same period, the proportion of adults in the top three LSM categories, LSMs 8 to 10, has increased by 25%. In 2001, 16% of adults were in LSMs 8 to 10, while by 2010 this had increased to 20%, or one in five adults.
The Determining Factors for Calculating Living Standards
LSMs use criteria such as whether people are urbanised or whether they own motor vehicles and major appliances to determine standards of living. Income is not used to determine a persons LSM.
The research manager at the Institute, Ms Lucy Holborn, said that despite high unemployment and shortcomings in service delivery, living standards have actually improved significantly over the past decade.
Racial Living Standards Still Very Much Lopsided
There are, however, still notable racial discrepancies. In 2001, Africans made up 99.7% of those in LSM 1, but only 3% of those in LSM 10. In 2010 Africans made up 98% of those in LSM 1, and 19% in LSM 10. Of adults in LSM 10, 65% were white. The data shows that the racial differences have narrowed slightly, with more representation of Africans in the top Living Standards Measures groups than ten years ago, demonstrating a growing African middle class, Ms Holborn added.
Business News Sector Tags: Health|


This is the fourth post in a series on extending ADDIE in order to solve wicked or complex problems:
Development in ADDIE is typically thought of as creating the learning content, products, and services, in addition to selecting the media that will carry or deliver them to the learners. Frog Design defines Divergence as branching out beyond what is normally does in its ecosystem in order to take in a wider footprint that provides a holistic solution:
The Development and Divergence Continuum works differently from both the other two ones:
- In the Analysis and Immersion Continuum the complexity of the environment determines at what point you are on the scale.
- In the Design and Convergence Continuum the goal is to aim for the center of the scale.
While the goal in the Development and Divergence Continuum is to aim for both ends — combine “what works” with “what will make it better."
For example, blended learning is normally considered a combination of elearning and classroom learning. eLearning allows the learners to learn at their own pace, while the classroom portion provides the needed social engagement. The Army has found this to be a superior form of learning and is now moving to a dL (distributed Learning) environment. Note that the “d” is not capitalized as only the “Learning” is emphasized — classroom learning is used when it makes sense.
Another example is the greater consideration of informal and social media when creating formal learning platforms.
Thus, rather than just working from just one point in the scale, Development can often be improved by working from two or more points in the scale.
Up next — Evaluate and Adaptation.


For teenagers, texting on mobile phones has dethroned actual voice calls when it comes to connecting with their friends, according to a new report released today by the Pew Research Center, Live Science reports. The report also shows that when teenagers do bother with an old-school phone call, it’s more often to contact their parents than their peers. This trend reflects a digital divide between generations of mobile phone users but also some psychological strategizing on the part of teens. Among its many advantages, teens interviewed as part of a focus group said texting is a quick way to say “hi,” report where they and their friends are and to get to the point. “Teens tell us how [texting is] more efficient, how they don’t have to go through the preamble and niceties [of a phone conversation],” said Amanda Lenhart, a co-author of the new study and a senior research specialist who directs the Pew Internet & American Life Project’s research on teens, children and families. But for socially nuanced situations when the inflection and expression of a voice takes precedence over the brevity of emoticons and crafty punctuation, phone calling is still preferred.