Use Reference books to:
♦ Obtain background material to help familiarize yourself with your topic
♦ Locate definitions of terms and concepts
♦ Find bibliographies suggesting additional resources on your topic
Reference books are on the first floor of Simpson Library
Don't forget! If you need assistance, stop at the Information Desk (located to the right as you enter Simpson Library's front door).
While writing research papers, you may need to:
♦ List your sources in bibliographies or works cited, and
♦ Provide either footnotes or endnotes.
Here is a link to the UMW Libraries' Guide to Citing Resources.
When looking for background information related to any of the following topics, either click on these links or scroll down for reference books found on the first floor of Simpson Library:
General Reference Books


Building bridges between Christianity and Islam would appear to be the main objective of the Pope’s visit to Turkey. The largely Muslim country’s history and geographical situation give it a unique role as a kind of crossroads between East and West.
Up to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, after the First World War, several million Orthodox Christians lived in Turkey. Today there are no more than 70,000. Their numbers are said to have plunged through programs or conversion to Islam. A dialogue between the two branches of Christianity is also one of the main purposes of the papal trip. Talk of eventual unity of the two churches is in the air.
Dositheros Anagnostopulos is spokesman for the Patriarch of Constantinople: “One of the primary reasons for the Pope’s visit to Turkey is to unite Catholic and the Orthodox churches under the umbrella of a single church. Not now, in the future -they’ve been separated since 1054”.
These are the two largest Christian churches in terms of numbers of followers in the world. On the last day of his tour the Pope will celebrate mass in the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Istanbul. He will also worship alongside the Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I.
The visit has been to coincide with the feast of Saint Andrew, one of the 12 apostles who is said to have preached in what is now Istanbul after Christ’s death. Theologians say the two leaders, faced with a growing secularism in Europe and the challenge of Islamic militancy worldwide, will find plenty to agree on.
But no breakthroughs are expected on the issues that split their churches 1,000 years ago such as the authority of the Pope and the nature of the Holy Spirit. The fact that the trip is going ahead at all shows a lot has been achieved in bridging the gulf between the Christian faiths.


Posted by Abdul Alim
By Gyan Basnet. Courtesy Asia Times Online. The United Nations was founded in 1945 in order to replace the League of Nations and in so doing to bring about a new world order. Today the organization’s structure still reflects the circumstances pertaining at the time of its founding, but in the meantime the world has changed dramatically.
The Westphalia view of international law as a disciplinary force between nation states, each with its own economic, social and political authority has, however, now ceased to be appropriate in a global society where the power of non-state actors continues to grow. As cross-border activity and practices increase in number, Professor B Sausa Santos argues that the nation-state is less able to maintain the level of control that it once had over the flow of persons, goods, money and ideas. The ease of capital movement and the increasingly powerful world financial markets and multi-national corporations, backed by fast communications and therefore information, have meant that parts of the world such as Asia, Africa, and Central and Latin America have been drawn into the global economy at an increasingly rapid rate. Now monolithic financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are the economic order of the day.
Editor’s note: The UN will perish in its current form. Either it changes radically or is reborn with different structures. It good draw some inspiration from the World Wide Ahmadiyya Movement, a true United Nations in making, where love and justice are the main determining factor.


Chengde, chosen for its cooler climate and beautiful scenery, was used as an encampment by the Manchu emperors on their summer journey to the north. Its location emphasised the unity of north and south China. In 1703 it became the site of Kangxi's summer retreat and almost a permanent home. The park was used for the autumn hunt (Mulanqiuxian). An area of 5,600 ha was enclosed by a wall. Numerous buildings were erected in the park with a lake, forests and views of mountains. Scenes were composed to represent famous Chinese landscapes (eg West Lake in Hangzhou, the Surging Waves Garden in Suzhou, the Jin Shan Garden in Beijing). Once there were 72 such scenes making a microcosm of China's landscape. The Chengde area is very popular with modern tourists.


Broken or missing skateboard wheels aren't the end of the world. In just a few minutes, you can replace them.
Step 1: Remove the old wheels To remove a damaged wheel, use a combination wrench. Place the skateboard on its side, loosen the nut on the old wheel and remove both the wheel and the nut.
TIP: Always use a combination wrench that is the correct size to keep from damaging the nut. The wrench should fit snugly over the nut and not slip off as you apply pressure.
Step 2: Locate the correct wheels Take the old wheels that you removed to the local sporting goods store or skate shop to find the correct size of replacement wheels. Ask an employee to remove the bearings from your old wheels and install them into your new wheels.
Step 3: Replace the wheels With the skateboard still on its side, put the new wheel on the spoke, place the nut on the spoke and use the combination wrench to tighten it.
Step 4: Check the wheel With your fingers, check the "play" of the new wheel. If you have tightened the nut correctly, the new wheel should move back and forth slightly on the spoke. If the wheel is too wobbly, apply more pressure to the nut. If the wheel barely moves, loosen the nut.
Step 5: Repeat the process Repeat these steps for each wheel that needs to be replaced.
Step 6: Rotate your wheels regularly To extend the life of your skateboard wheels, rotate them every few months. Remove the nuts and wheels with your combination wrench, flip them over and place them back on the spokes. Tighten the nuts, making sure the wheels each have enough play without being too wobbly. Rotate the position of all four wheels every few months as well.
FACT: A prototype of skateboarding has been around since the early 1900s, when kids took steel roller-skate wheels and nailed them to planks of wood.


Excalibur, the sword of King Arthur is first mentioned in Geoffrey of Monmouth's The History of the Kings of Britain. According to this account, King Arthur gets a sword called "Caliburn," which was made on the Isle of Avalon. Later legends have the sword being returned to the Lady of the Lake on the mortal wounding of King Arthur at Camlann. Legend is vague as to the location of the Lake that features in the Excalibur story, but possible candidates for the Excalibur Lake are here.
It was not until Robert de Boron wrote Merlin (c. 1200) that the author introduced the story of the young King Arthur drawing the sword Excalibur from a rock. Hence proving that Arthur was rightful king of Britain, the true heir of Uther Pendragon.
The appear therefore that King Arthur had two swords. The sword drawn from the rock is different from the one given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake. The lake sword and the rock sword. Excalibur is certainly the lake sword.
There could be a translation problem giving rise to the sword being said to be drawn from the stone. The Latin word for stone is saxo; the Germanic invaders were Saxon. It is possible that the original story had King Arthur killing a Saxon leader and pulling his sword from the dead body, and that that in copying (everything was hand copied in those days), a scribe might have missed the last letter of Saxon. In the legend of King Arthur, all things are possible.
In the Post-Vulgate Merlin, Excalibur was taken from a hand rising from a lake. In this Post-Vulgate version, the blade of Excalibur could cut through everything and its sheath made the wearer invincible.
Full references to more about Excalibur at the Rochester site on King Arthur and Excalibur.
The Legend of King Arthur


History of Cosmetic Technologies
The history of Shiseido's research and development started in 1897
Shiseido has achieved the development of high quality products based on cutting-edge dermatology and technology of formulation development for more than one century.
In 1897, Shiseido developed Eudermine, the skin lotion based on a Western pharmaceutical formula, and in 1916, established the research facility named the Cosmetics Department testing room that later became the current Research Center at Ginza 7-chome, Tokyo. Back in those days, a cosmetic company having an organization for R&D and quality assurance was revolutionary. This was rooted in the origin of Shiseido that started from a dispensary pharmacy based on novel Western technologies of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Since then, Shiseido has accomplished a number of epoch-making study results. A lot of cosmetic products now known to everyone have been created through Shiseido's research and development activities.
Some examples are shown below


The HCI – Human Computer Interactions, User Interaction, and the User Experience.
Interaction is the Key
How we interact with Website, Applications, Mobile app? Our first interaction is the “Visual – Interaction”.
Our brain analyses visual signals first, we try to understand what is there on screen. We easily recognize few elements which are familiar. And with our past experience we start assuming or expect similar kind of interactions from those elements. Sometimes we get what we want, sometimes not. If system lacks in expected interactions or response, then we get confused and we may hesitate to use that system.
A Different shape, forms the Symbols and
Shapes, Symbols form the Patterns.
We recognize these patterns very easily; we identify some symbols quickly without any label on it. We are trained for that, our brain understands the meaning of these symbols and quickly we relate these symbols to some meaningful actions. Our brain is trained to identify some shapes from our childhood.
Originally Published on LinkedIn Pulse


The programme, which kicked off in September 2016, will be coordinated by the foundation La main à la pâte and will involve 9 partner institutions in 5 European countries.
The aim of this 3 year project is to promote inquiry-based learning in STEM, particularly through Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for teachers. Inquiry-based learning encourages learning through the questions, ideas and observations of pupils, putting them at the centre of the learning experience.
The participants of the LINKS project will meet regularly over the next 3 years to share their knowledge and expertise, and visit their partner institutions in order to observe the different approaches and best practices in STEM teaching. Each institution will coordinate a specific related topic.
Maison pour la science en Bretagne (MSB)
Maison pour la science en Bretagne (MSB) at Université de Rennes 1 was founded in September 2014, largely inspired by the STEM Learning centre in York, UK. The MSB organises professional development programmes for primary and secondary school teachers throughout Brittany. For the LINKS project, they will specifically contribute towards the role of researchers in CPD activities and towards the topic of ‘working with schools’. The MSB participation will be coordinated by Dr Laurence Fontaine.
The project will result in an in-depth study and the development of tools which will act as a guide for the implementation of innovative STEM teaching programmes across Europe.


Learning to play a musical instrument or having singing lessons helps teenagers make better progress in English and maths. This is the finding of our research with The Institute of Education – which has now been published in the British Journal of Music Education.
Between Key Stage 2 (junior school) and Key Stage 4 (GCSE level), children in the study who were not learning any musical instrument progressed an average of 3.03 levels in English. Children learning an instrument or taking singing lessons progressed by an average of 3.6 levels. In maths, the results were even more marked, with non-instrumentalists progressing an average of 3 levels, and instrumentalists progressing an average of 3.83 levels.
Read more and where to find the published research paper (British Journal of Music Education).


Yield Reduction from late-season Corn Defoliation?
There is some late-planted corn, particularly in the northern part of Mississippi, which has not reached physiological maturity. This corn may have its yield reduced somewhat by severe problems or stress, depending upon the crop maturity and degree of problem. However, corn is not nearly as sensitive to stress at late-reproductive stages as compared to early reproductive stages, because plants can generally more readily compensate for photosynthetic limitations or other shortcomings, at advanced growth stages. Corn does so by reallocating energy and resources from vegetative parts to help fill grain, which may however reduce stalk integrity. Of course, once plants attain physiological maturity, plant stress has no effect on grain yield.
This chart may help you assess potential yield loss and risk associated with issues which may defoliate corn during late reproductive stages. It was adapted from the National Crop Insurance Service’s “Corn Loss Instructions” (1984). This chart was originally developed for estimating yield loss resulting from hail damage, but may have utility for other issues which may defoliate corn as well, such as a disease like Southern rust or premature herbicide application. However, if you use this for estimating potential yield loss associated with Southern rust infection, I believe you need to also allow some lag time anticipated for defoliation to occur. Here are a couple of references for more information:
Growth staging corn approaching maturity


Full Form of HSDPA:
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA Full Form is High-Speed Downlink Packet Access. HSDPA can be considered as an upgrade to the first 3G UMTS system, which offers much higher data download speeds. As data is mainly transferred across the downlink, compared to the uplink, it was considered a higher priority to upgrade it. HSDPA allows more users to improve and use their internet connectivity on a cellular device, which is what the majority of the users wanted.
Major HSDPA Technologies:
- Modulation –The major component of HSDPA operation is the using another modulation. Initially, WCDMA the only modulation scheme was QPSK, but with HSDPA, 16-QAM is used, which allows higher data rates.
- Faster Hybrid Automatic Repeat Requests – This has been executed to remove the requirement of a floating spreading factor.
- Improved Scheduling – Improvements have also been made in the field of scheduling. The traffic of data can be scheduled in a more effective manner by moving the intelligence into the base station.
- Additional Channels – Additional channels have been created to ensure that the data traffic is moved at a higher rate.
Benefits of HSDPA:
- HSDPA ensures that peak user data ranges of 10MBPS is
- It enhances the network packet data capacity and efficiency.
- HSDPA users notice higher data speeds as wells as reduced time in response.
- Further, the service availability is also better.
Thus, we can conclude that HSDPA is a successful technology to replace GSM. As it evolved from WCDMA, it is backward compatible with older WCDMA systems. This technology is integrated into almost all smartphones and current cellular devices.


Inspired by the architecture of the Pueblo Indians, the Moore house was designed by Doerr Architecture to create more energy than it uses, a net-zero energy home. Mike and Ann Moore had property at an elevation of almost 8000 feet in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and wanted a 3500 square foot home with space to show their art collection. They wanted a home that captured the feel of adobe architecture as well as the views of the continental divide while treading lightly on the earth.
Architect Thomas Doerr alluded to Pueblo buildings with a composition of simple forms that have flat roofs, plaster walls, vigas (log beams), turquoise-colored window frames and a circular courtyard reminiscent of Native American spiritual spaces, kivas.
The Moore Studio achieves net-zero energy usage with passive solar design, ‘tuned’ heat reflective windows, super-insulated and air-tight construction, natural daylighting, solar thermal panels for hot water and space heating, a photovoltaic (PV) system that generates more carbon-free electricity than the house requires, and an energy-recovery ventilator (ERV) for fresh air. The green building strategies used on the Moore Studio earned it an amazing and verified HERS score of -3; one of a few houses in the US to ever do this.
Other green building strategies used in the Moore Studio include a grey water system, using salvaged and FSC certified wood, and using low-emission cabinetry and finishes.
- Net Zero Energy Home
- Passive Solar Design
- Super Insulated
- Solar Heating System
- Solar Electric System
- Green Materials
- Natural Daylighting
- Captures Views
Learn more about this house here.


What is elongation index of course aggregates?
Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension (length) is greater than one and four-fifth times their mean dimension. It is measured on particles passing through mesh size of 63mm and retained on mesh size of 6.3mm. Determination of elongation index of coarse aggregate is explained below.
Apparatus required for elongation index determination tests are balance, elongation gauge (length gauge) and IS sieves of the following mesh sizes – 63mm, 50mm, 40mm, 31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm, 16mm, 10mm and 6.3mm.
Procedure of the test:
1. Take enough quantity of dry blended sample so that at least 200 pieces of any fraction is present. This is not applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
2. Sieve the blended sample through all the sieves mentioned above starting from the largest sieve i.e. 63mm.
3. Separate all the individual fractions – 63mm to 50mm, 50mm to 40mm, 40mm to 25mm, 25mm to 20mm, 20mm to 16mm. 16mm to 12.5mm. 12.5mm to 10mm and 10mm to 6.3mm.
4. Take all the fraction separately, gauge them one by one through the corresponding slot provided in the gauge. Keep the particles retained by the length separately. The aim should be to retain as much as possible to avoid testing bias.
5. Weigh the particles retained on length gauge.
6. Elongation index is the total weight of the material retained on the various length gauges, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.
Elongation index of aggregate in % is calculated as follows:
Where, W1 = weight of particles retained in length gauge (grams).
W2 = weight of total sample taken for test (grams).
Reporting of Test Results:
Report the elongation index in percentage rounded off to the nearest whole number.
For determination of
Elongation index of coarse aggregate as per BS code, look for BS812: – Section 105.2


The surname Morandi was first found in Modena (Etruscan: Mutna; Latin: Mutina; Modenese: Mòdna), a prosperous city at this early time. Records show that Bernardino Morano was a lawyer for the Commune of Modena in 1170.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Morandi research.Another 235 words (17 lines of text) covering the years 1338, 1339, 1344, 1540, 1600, 1544, 1597, 1622, 1717 and 1643 are included under the topic Early Morandi History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Italian surnames have a surprising number of forms in comparison with other European surnames because they reflect the regional variations and the many dialects of the Italian language, each of which has its distinctive features. For example, in Northern Italy the most standard Italian surname suffix is "I", whereas in Southern Italy the most typical surname suffix is "O". Sardinian is very different from other forms of Italian and in fact, it is considered to be its own distinct language. Additionally, spelling changes frequently occurred because medieval scribes, church officials, and the bearers of names, spelled names as they sounded rather than according to any specific spelling rules. As a consequence of the major changes in the Italian language and in the local
spellings of Italian surnames that occurred over the course of history, there are numerous variations for the surname Morandi. These spelling variations
include Morana, Morano, Morani, Morandi, Morando, Moranda, Morandini, Morandin and many more.
Prominent among members of the family was the Morano family of Assisi, who owned a castle which they donated to the region of Umbria in the 12th century; Barnaba Morani, a jurist and nobleman of the 14th century; Giacomo Morano, mayor of Modena in 1338-1339; Ricco Morano, a judge and vicar... Another 75 words (5 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Morandi Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.


Explicit phoneme training combined with phonic reading instruction helps young children at risk of reading failure.
Hatcher PJ., Hulme C., Snowling MJ.
BACKGROUND: We evaluate the effectiveness of three theoretically motivated programmes for the teaching of reading to four-year-old children. METHOD: Four hundred and ten children, of pre-kindergarten age, in 20 UK Reception-year classrooms were divided into four matched groups and randomly assigned to one of three experimental teaching conditions, Reading with Rhyme, Reading with Phoneme, Reading with Rhyme and Phoneme, or to a taught control condition (Reading). In each condition the Reading element contained a strong phonic component. RESULTS: There were no selective effects of the different experimental teaching programmes for normally developing children. However, for those children identified as being at risk of reading failure, training in phoneme skills resulted in selective gains in phoneme awareness and in reading skills. CONCLUSIONS: A reading programme that contains a highly structured phonic component is sufficient for most 4.5-year-old children to master the alphabetic principle and to learn to read effectively, without additional explicit phonological training. In contrast, for young children at risk of reading delay, additional training in phoneme awareness and linking phonemes with letters is beneficial.


"Gray women." That is, "the old women," were daughters of Phorcys and Ceto. They had gray hair from their birth. Hesiod1 mentions only two Graeae, viz. Pephredo and Enyo; Apollodorus2 adds Deino as a third, and Aeschylus3 also speaks of three Graeae. The Scholiast on Aeschylus4 describes the Graeae, or Phorcides, as he calls them, as having the figure of swans, and he says that the three sisters had only one tooth and one eye in common, which they borrowed from one another when they wanted them. It is commonly believed that the Graeae, like other members of the family of Phorcys, were marine divinities, and personifications of the white foam seen on the waves of the sea.
- Smith, William. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly.
This article incorporates text from Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) by William Smith, which is in the public domain.


Production Systems and Sustainability
Reduced survival of lambs from maiden ewes exposed to mature ewes pre-lambing
S.M. Robertson, M.B. Allworth, M.A. Friend
Vol. 151, p11–15
The suboptimal survival of new-born lambs is a major source of reproductive inefficiency, is often lower in maiden (first-lambing) compared with multiparous ewes, and this may be associated with poor maternal behaviour due to inexperience. This study examined whether the survival of lambs from maiden ewes could be increased by exposing maiden ewes to multiparous lambing ewes in the month before lambing. Pregnant maiden Merino ewes (n = 446) which had been mated at 18 months of age were allocated to three replicates of two treatments.
The International Goat Association promotes goat research and development for the benefit of humankind, to alleviate poverty, to promote prosperity and to improve the quality of life.


Martin Luther (1483–1546) contributed so much to the development of Western civilization that it is not overstatement to declare that he changed the world as he set the Protestant Reformation in motion five hundred years ago. In this brief sketch, you will learn about the exciting historical facts and fascinating events surrounding this Reformer’s influential life. Luther’s story provides a picture of the gospel—an object lesson of faith, grace, and the forgiveness that can be found only in Jesus Christ.
Table of Contents:
The Young Luther
The Crisis and the Cowl
Wittenberg and the Word of God
The Dawn of the Reformation
The Heat of Battle
The Diet of Worms
From Wartburg to Wittenburg
Leader, Husband, and Theologian
A Church is Born
The Latter Years
Anthony T Selvaggio (J.D. The University of Buffalo School of Law; M.Div., Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary) currently serves as a visiting professor of Biblical Studies at the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Pittsburgh, PA. He is also Theologian in Residence at the Rochester Reformed Presbyterian Church in Rochester.
“This fast-paced little book is a welcome introduction to the great Reformer Martin Luther. It does not gloss over Luther’s flaws, but neither does it lose sight of the ways in which God was at work in and through him. In reading this volume, you’ll get a clear sense of Luther’s time, his personality, and his influence, and you will certainly gain a greater appreciation for all that we owe to his labors in the Lord.” — Jonathan L. Master, professor of theology and dean of the school of divinity, Cairn University
“There is no better time to get to know Martin Luther—or to get to know him again—than the five-hundredth anniversary of the year he changed the world. As an introduction to his life, thought, and contributions, this work strikes just the right chord. Enjoy getting to know and coming to admire one of the towering figures of history!” — Tim Challies, author of Visual Theology


Lays out the children a row or a column, wrapping the row/column when no more space is available.
Lays out the children in a grid. The name of this layout is deceiving, because while it sounds like you could instantiate this grid to have a number of rows and columns and then set the figures giving for the figure a specific row and column, what the layout actually allows you to do is set the number of columns (rows) and then the figures are added sequentially to the next column (row) and after all columns (rows) are filled, a new row (column) is created. You can set some information on how each element is laid out, like alignment, spanning more than one column, etc.
This layout gives you full control, by making you decide where you want to put every figure. With control comes responsibility (and more code).
Lays out the figures in 5 locations: Top, Bottom, Left, Right, and Center. Only one figure can be located in each location. The bounds given to each figure are based on the figure’s preferred size. The central figure get’s the space remaining after all other figures are laid out – it can both grow and shrink depending on how much space is left.
Arranges the figures in one column/row. It tries to insert all child figures into its client area, up to reducing them to their minimum size, but not less than this.
The children of the figure are placed one on top of the other, with the first child added located at the bottom.
This layout expects a
Locator to be passed as the child figure’s constraint. At layout time, it delegates to the Locator to perform the layout.


They are notoriously shy around humans, beating their tails and chattering their teeth to try to warn us off.
But in Batang, China, the coy animals have become so friendly with local herdsmen, they now share dinner together.
Some 20 of the creatures have made the Cuopugou scenic area their home alongside the farm workers.
Normally, when seeing an intruder, a marmot will become defensive and try to warn them off by beating their tail and chattering their teeth.
They will then emit a series of loud whistles to members of their colony to encourage them to run for cover
Bizarrely, the animals are heavier in the autumn, when they can weigh up to 8kg, in comparison to 3kg in the spring months.
Marmots stand at around 18cm tall and reach up to 50cm in length.


Morrow Pacific: Life Cycle Assessment of a Coal Export Project
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Stricter emissions requirements on coal-fired power plants together with low natural gas prices have contributed to a recent decline in the use of coal for electricity generation in the United States. Faced with a shrinking domestic market, many coal companies are taking advantage of a growing coal export market. As a result, U.S. coal exports hit an all-time high in 2012, fueled largely by demand in Asia. The Australian firm Ambre Energy is currently pursuing a permit to develop and operate a coal export project in Oregon that will ship 8.8 million tons of Powder River Basin coal annually to Asian markets via rail, river barge, and ocean vessel. This study uses a hybrid life cycle assessment model to conduct the only environmental life cycle analysis of the project to date. Social and environmental impacts are quantified and monetized to provide a full picture of the project’s externalities as a basis for comparison to other energy export alternatives. Findings show that fuel combustion during the three transport phases of the project contributes significant emissions add-ons to the pollution profile of the exported coal. This study highlights the unintended social and environmental consequences of policies intended to reduce air emissions from domestic coal-fired power plants.
morrow pacific project
life cycle assessment
coal export project
CitationBohnengel, Andrew Barrett (2013). Morrow Pacific: Life Cycle Assessment of a Coal Export Project. Master's project, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/6821.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.
Rights for Collection: Nicholas School of the Environment


Practicing What I Preach, Part 3
What is PTSD? Post-traumatic stress disorder was called “shell shocked” after World War I and “battle fatigue” after World War II. After the Vietnam War, it was further sanitized to “post traumatic stress disorder.” Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) is diagnosed after a person has experienced multiple life-threatening traumas.
Approximately 160 million people have PTSD.


The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a preview of documents that are recommending against the use of SMS as an authenticator for two-factor authentication. As a result, Apple may need to develop a dedicated app or use another app for two-factor authentication.
If two-factor authentication is turned on for verification of Apple IDs, for example, a validation code is sent to a smartphone and then entered on the device the owner is trying to validate. While NIST says that SMS can be used for two-factor authentication as long as a phone number is linked to a real cellular network and is not a virtual phone number, future guidelines will do away with the use of SMS.
Apple's two-factor authentication scheme is entirely voluntary and doesn't rely totally on phone numbers, but without using SMS, a person must have a second Apple device -- say, a Mac or iPad -- available to display validation codes. It's likely that Apple would have to develop an authenticator app similar to Google Authenticator, not only for Apple devices but also for Android and Windows.


Here is a fun FREE math activity to keep your little learners engaged on a long winter day. To get the most out of instructional time and learning resources, I love to address more than one area with a single activity. This resource addresses counting skills and enhances fine motor development.
Just download this no-prep printable from the link above. Put some paint in a small plate and add a cotton swab. This fun math activity is now ready to use!
I hope you and your learners enjoy this resource!
Stay warm and safe!


Graphing Radical Functions Day 2
Lesson 6 of 6
Objective: Students will learn to identify the domain and endpoint of the graph of a radical function by examining the equation.
As students enter the room, I tell them to pick up where they left off with yesterday’s assignment (Graphing Radical Functions Day 1). If they were required to complete any of the graphs at home, I instruct them to begin by comparing their graphs with those of their peers. In the best case, all of the students will have the same, correct graphs. If not, then I would expect some conversations to start among the students as they attempt to figure out whose graphs are correct – if any.
In the wrap-up conversation at the end of this lesson I find it’s important to draw several points out of the students by asking simple questions. Typically, I would write a new equation on the board, similar to those on the worksheet, and ask for help making a graph.
- “Where/how do I begin my graph?” The students may interpret this two ways: I may be asking for the endpoint of the graph, or I may be asking generally how to begin graphing a function. The conversation should include:
- “select values for x, and then compute corresponding y-values”
- “examine the radicand to predetermine the domain”
- “remember that the square root of x^2 is the absolute value of x”
- “the endpoint will be (a, b) if f(x) = b + sqrt(x - a)”
- “How do a solve for f(x) = 5?” The students should instruct me to graph the horizontal line y = 5 and to estimate the intersection point.
- “What if I had asked to solve for x = 5?” The students should respond with something like “That’s easy! Just evaluate f(5),” but I would also help them to see the solution graphically with the vertical line x = 5.
- If time permits, I would initiate a conversation about the graphs of various power functions and their corresponding radical functions. This should lead to the observation that there are two general behaviors depending on the parity of the power/root.


The main collection covers the history of British aviation. The earliest photographs show military ballooning in the 19th Century. It continues with the early pioneers to the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service in World War One. They merged to form the Royal Air Force and the collection shows its work in Europe, India and the Middle East in the inter-war years. The RAF expanded greatly in the Second World War but since then has gradually reduced in size. The number of photographs we have of different periods reflect the size of the RAF which means we have fewer photographs of recent years.
The main collection has been compiled from material given to the Museum or allowed to copy. We are constantly looking for new material from all periods to add to the collection and fill gaps in the history of the Royal Air Force.
Some of the photograph collection is available online using the Navigator database. A proportion of these listings have scanned images attached.
You can view and buy prints of some of the Museum's best-loved photographs at the online photograph store.


The Albanian National Awakening
Professor Skendi, a native of Albania, traces the progress and setbacks of Albania's long struggle for national unity during this least-known period of its intricate history. He discusses the heritage of its people and examines in detail the developments that led to Albanian independence: national resistance to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin, later opposition to Turkey, and the struggle between the Albanians and the Young Turks. Consideration is given to such internal problems as geographic configuration, religious and political division, and to such external problems as Italo-Austrian rivalry, political interference from neighboring states, and the involvement of great powers.
Originally published in 1967.
The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


According to WebMD, green tea does not cause kidney stones but may actually help prevent them. This belief is based on a study done in China, which linked an increased amount of green tea with a flattening of pre-existing kidney stones.Continue Reading
The Mayo Clinic shares that kidney stones form when urine contains more crystal-forming substances than the fluid in urine can dilute. There are many different types of kidney stones, including calcium stones, struvite stones, uric acid stones and cystine stones, as well as other more rare types.
According to the Mayo Clinic, there are some factors that put a person at higher risk for kidney stones. These include not drinking enough water; eating a diet that's high in protein, sodium and sugar; and being obese.Learn more about Coffee & Tea


What is a dietary supplement?
A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a "dietary ingredient" intended to supplement or enhance the diet. The "dietary ingredients" in these products may include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites. Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, soft gels, gel caps, liquids, or powders. Whatever their form may be, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 places dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of "foods," not drugs, and requires that every supplement be labeled a dietary supplement.
Where can I find information about dietary supplements?
Because dietary supplements are under the umbrella of "foods," FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) is responsible for the agency's oversight of these products. Information on how FDA regulates dietary supplements is available from the CFSAN Web site.


Whenever black and brown people used current gun laws in the context of the second amendment… the most sweeping gun control laws in the history of the United States were passed.
Here is a quote from a book that examines the time in history when The Black Panthers’ knowledge of current gun laws caused California to become the first state to pass strict gun control laws.
On April 5, 1967…Assemblyman, Mulford introduced a bill, AB 1591, in the California legislature proposing to outlaw the carrying loaded firearms in public.”
-Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin, Jr.
“Black Against Empire: The History And Politics Of The Black Panther Party”
Then Governor Ronald Regan signed that bill into law and went on to become the ‘Father’ of the Conservative movement who now supports no regulation of firearms.
Origins of gun control legislation
Ta-Nehisi Coates, senior editor for The Atlantic, talks about his personal views on gun culture as the Up w/ Chris Hayes panelists discuss the origins of gun control legislation.


Fine Motor Development
Fine motor skills involve use of the small muscles in the hands. These include skills such as: grasping objects, writing, cutting with scissors, shoe-tying, and fastening buttons. These skills are needed to for self-care and participation in activities at school and at home. Through occupational therapy (OT), patients can develop and improve these skills.
Fine motor skills are essential for performing everyday skills like self care tasks (e.g. clothing fastenings, opening lunch boxes, cleaning teeth, using cutlery) and academic skills (e.g. pencil skills of drawing, writing and coloring, as well as cutting and pasting). Without the ability to complete these every day tasks, a child’s self esteem can suffer and their academic performance is compromised. They may also be unable to develop appropriate independence in life skills (such as getting dressed and feeding themselves).
These skills are practiced through play, practice and always with a ton of encouragement!


We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:
I pick a number from
n. You have to guess which number I picked.
Every time you guess wrong, I will tell you whether the number I picked is higher or lower than your guess.
You call a pre-defined API
int guess(int num), which returns three possible results:
-1: Your guess is higher than the number I picked (i.e.
num > pick).
1: Your guess is lower than the number I picked (i.e.
num < pick).
0: your guess is equal to the number I picked (i.e.
num == pick).
Return the number that I picked.
Input: n = 10, pick = 6 Output: 6
Input: n = 1, pick = 1 Output: 1
Input: n = 2, pick = 1 Output: 1
1 <= n <= 231 - 1
1 <= pick <= n
# The guess API is already defined for you. # @param num, your guess # @return -1 if my number is lower, 1 if my number is higher, otherwise return 0 # def guess(num: int) -> int: class Solution: def guessNumber(self, n: int) -> int: l=0 r=n while l<=r: m = l +(r-l)//2 if guess(m)==0: return m elif guess(m)==-1: r=m-1 else: l=m+1


The Newfoundland is particulary suited to the island of
it's origin with a thick heavy coat.
There is much uncertainty about the origin of the Newfoundland. Some say that his ancestors are the white Great Pyrenees, dogs brought to the coast of Newfoundland by the Basque fishermen; others that he descended from a French hound (probably the Boarhound); but all agree that he originated in Newfoundland and that his ancestors were undoubtedly brought there by fishermen from the European continent. At any rate, a dog evolved which was particularly suited to the island of his origin.


Artist: Abbott, Sir James (1807-1896)
Medium: Pencil and ink on paper
Pencil and ink drawing of Mandleshwar in Madhya Pradesh by Sir James Abbott (1807-1896) in 1843. The drawing is inscribed: 'Mundlaisir. Nimarr. J.A. 1843, River Narbudda.'
Mandleshwar in Central India is on the bank of the Narbada River at a narrow point where in the monsoon the stream often rises 60 feet above its normal level becoming a roaring torrent. It fell to the Marathas in the 18th century and in 1740 was granted by Malhar Rao Holkar to a Brahman, Vyankatram Shastri. In 1823 it became the head quarters of the District of Nimar which until 1864 was managed by the Agent to the Governor General at Indore. The Narbada is one of the most important rivers of India and at Mandleshwar there are many beautiful tanks temples and ghats.


When importing values to Excel, often the decimal separator is not set to the one present in the data being imported. This result in numbers being stored as text and in the case you use these numbers to make calculations you will get #VALUE! as an output. In the example below the decimal separator is set to 'coma' (,) while the imported numbers contain 'period' (.) as a decimal separator and the imported numbers are stored as text, thus the log function results in #VALUE!.
Possible solution is to find/replace period symbols with commas, however there is a way to change decimal separator. In Excel 2003 select Tools/Options/International, uncheck 'use system separator' and type the separator symbol in Decimal separator field. The outputs #VALUE! will immediately change to numerical values as shown below.


Continuing the theme of mipnei tikkun ha-olam – encouraging the proper workings of society – the Mishna on our daf teaches that a Jewish person who sells his field in Israel to a non-Jew is obligated to purchase fruit from the new owner and bring bikkurim – the offering of first fruits – to Jerusalem.
This version of the Mishna is Rashi’s, who understands that the tikkun olam involved is that the original owner is obligated to purchase fruit from the field – at any price – in order to fulfill the mitzva of bikkurim. This is done to encourage the original owner to rethink the sale and pressure him to buy the field back from the non-Jew.
According to most other rishonim – as well as the standard text in the Mishnayot and the Talmud Yerushalmi – the Mishna does not require the seller to purchase fruit from the field; rather, in a situation where another Jewish person purchases the field from the non-Jew, he will be obligated to bring bikkurim, even though the fruit grew in the possession of someone who was not obligated in this mitzva. Some rishonim suggest that this rule would also hold true in a case in which the field remained in the non-Jewish hands, but the fruit was purchased by a Jewish person; mipnei tikkun ha-olam, he would have to take bikkurim from the fruit that he bought.
The Ri”d suggests that this is because the mitzva of bikkurim takes place in the public eye with a colorful march to Jerusalem, and someone who doesn’t know that the land was sold will mistakenly think that the mitzva of bikkurim does not apply. With regard to the other tithes, which are all taken and arranged privately, the need for such a tikkun ha-olam was not as pressing. The Me’iri suggests that bikkurim is just an example and that someone who purchases the field or the fruit would be obligated in all of the agricultural tithes mipnei tikkun ha-olam.


Wellsy wrote:When examining the c - m - c circuit, someone might make something to sell it in order to acquire another use value. In such a process, equal values are exchanged and no new value is made.
That's just self-evidently false. The value of what they made was created.
In the capitalist circuit of m - c - m’, the capitalist invests money in production of commodities and ends up with a greater amount of money than they initially had. The question is how do they acquire more than they started with.
By causing value to be produced.
The idea is that in exchange, one cannot create more value although individuals might benefit unequal exchange such as with merchant capital. Individuals profit, but the total isn’t increased, value merely changes places but there is no expansion of value.
Wrong. Total value was increased by production of what was exchanged.
So one looks to commodity production and not exchange for the origins of a surplus in the capital circuit. In examining production Marx considers that workers are paid for their labour power but produce with their labour a surplus product and value over and above their necessary labor for the equivalent in wages to purchase use values to survive.
Gibberish. The only reason to offer workers access to that economic opportunity they would not otherwise have had is to apply their labor to production of value greater than their wages.
I also believe that a surplus is made more clearly in past societies with the peasant or slave working to produce a surplus for a lord or master.
Because like all Marxists, you refuse to know the fact that the slave owner and landowner are not contributory roles, and only take, while the owner of producer goods increases production by his contribution thereof.
The relationship becomes obscured by a focus on equality of exchange but Marx’s maintains an equality of exchange of wages for labour power but recognizing that labour can produce more value than labour power unlike other commodities.


The difference between the experience of duality and its witness is the experience of duality9waking) is full of diversity and the witness is formless and non-dual.
The seeker should not assert for anything which there is no proof. The seeker should realize the fact that, he and his experience of the world are part and parcel of the illusion. The doer and doing are part of the illusion.
whatever one has seen, known, believed and experienced as a person within the world as reality is falsehood. Therefore, the seeker has to mentally trace the existence of the formless witness apart from the three states, in order to realize the ultimate truth.
Prior to the appearance of the mind there is neither the person not his experience of the world; it was non dual reality, which was identified by Buddha as emptiness or nothingness. Advaita sages called it Brahman. Recently they claim that science called it no self.
The no self or Brahman or emptiness is the true self, which is the spirit. Spirit pervades the whole experience of duality as its invisible substance.
The prior to the appearance of the mind or experience of duality the world and its perceiver were non-existent.
Since person and his experience of the world are within the experience of duality. There must be something else which is aware of this dual and non-dual state, which appears and


Poll: Which is correct?
- Votes: 407
- Comments: 10
- Added: March 2013
- Polls: 1,169
- Votes: 688,589
- Comments: 4,851
who's right = who is right. This is a question asking which person is right, has the right answer ....
whose right - means the right of which person ... in the way: the right you have to do or to obtain something.
Flying Dutchman says it all.
Flying Dutchman - excellent answer, - concise and to the point.
I like these kind of questions, this way we learn more. For me it is very good way to learn English.
who is right? = Who's right?
who's right is an abbreviation of "who is right?"
'whose right' can only be used as a noun phrase or to introduce a subordinate clause
who's right equal who is right.
OK. Both could be used.
"Whose right?" Does not exist. When talking about what an individual deserves, we always say "rights", not "right".
The right to bear arms. Whose right are we talking about.


The Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF) encompasses a set of principles to guide development and poverty reduction, including the provision of external assistance. Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) underpinned by the CDF are the way forward to enhance country ownership and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. We intend to continue to direct the energy of our institutions to make this a reality.
Eliminating poverty, reducing inequity, and improving opportunity for people in low- and middle-income countries are the World Bank Group's central objectives. The CDF is an approach by which countries can achieve these objectives. It emphasizes the interdependence of all elements of development—social, structural, human, governance, environmental, economic, and financial.
The CDF advocates: a holistic long-term vision; the country in the lead, both "owning" and directing the development agenda, with the Bank and other partners each defining their support in their respective business plans; stronger partnerships among governments, donors, civil society, the private sector, and other development stakeholders in implementing the country strategy; and a transparent focus on development outcomes to ensure better practical success in reducing poverty.


Welcome to our learning for today. Please work your way through the videos and resources on this page. Remember, you can record your learning in your home learning book.
Remember to take brain breaks and time for lunch at the appropriate points during the day. Don't forget to stay well hydrated too!
The maths today is in two parts, watch part 1, then the you tube video then watch part 2. Finally complete the calculations.
This is the start of our new topic. Read through the first video and then take a five minute break.
Watch the second video and interact with the video.
Finally, design your own DSV using the template provided.


The sun, moon and vast array of stars littering the night sky were all essential in generating life on Earth. However, it could have turned out much differently, leaving the planet to float aimlessly, desolate and lifeless, across the cold expanse of space for all time.
A potent storm system moving out of the Northwest United States will bring an elevated risk of tornadoes to parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan on Thursday.
Many search for the perfect getaway, without realizing that weather can majorly influence those desired picturesque sunsets, hours of sightseeing and lazy beach days.
In an effort to cut down the time it takes to scan storms in order to alert the public of tornadoes and severe storms, the National Weather Service made small but potentially life-saving adjustments to their radar operations.


Question: Is organic milk pasteurized?
Answer: Pasteurization involves heating milk to a high temperature in order to kill microbes or bacteria and to prevent souring. In contrast, raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized.
There are ongoing debates on the safety and health benefits of raw milk. If you ask the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about the safety of raw milk, they will advise you to avoid it because of the potential for harmful bacteria. However, proponents of raw milk indicate that pasteurization kills off beneficial bacteria and destroys nutrients.
Organic milk can either be raw or pasteurized. The word “organic” does not signify that milk is unpasteurized. In fact, the majority of organic milk that you find in the grocery store is pasteurized. Typically, in order to find raw milk you really have to seek it out at a place like a farmer’s market or specialty store.
Let’s take a look at a sampling of popular organic milk products to verify that they are pasteurized.
Horizon Organic: From their faq section, “Are Horizon milk products pasteurized? Yes. Pasteurization is the process of heating milk to make it safe from harmful bacteria and to increase its longevity.”
Organic Valley: Per the company, “Yes, Organic Valley does pasteurize its fluid milk products.”
Clover Organic: All organic milk listed as pasteurized on the company website.
While most milk is pasteurized, you should always check the label or verify with the manufacturer that the product is pasteurized, if this is a concern for you.


Private Olive Tour
The olive tree is known since the ancient times, its true origins are unknown, it possibly originated in the East Mediterranean countries. According to the ancient Greek Mythology the olive tree is originated in Athens and the first olive tree was planted by Pallas Athena in Acropolis.
Greeks were the first people to cultivate olive trees in the European Mediterranean area; they were brought either by Greek settlers or Phoenician merchants.
According to Pliny the Elder, in 580 BC neither in ancient Rome nor in Spain or in Tunis new about olive trees and its cultivation.
Olive and Nutrition
The olive, the fruit of the olive tree (fruit of olea europaea), is essential in the Mediterranean nutrition, both as an edible fruit and as in form of olive oil.
It is a magnificent source of monounsuturated fatty acids. The olive fruit provides the human body with vegetable fibres and metals and is the source of vitamin E, which is a natural antioxidant. Vitamin E is considered to slow the alterations of cell membranes and counter osteoporosis.
Olive oil in Medicine
Olive oil was known to be used for therapeutic purposes. It was already used as medicine before 4000 BC.
Aristotle studied olive oil and established its cultivation as a science.
Solon was the first to legislate for the protection of olive trees.
Homer describes olive oil as a “golden fluid”.
Hippocrates, the father of Medicine, describes it as the “perfect medicine”.
In his saved works, more than 60 pharmaceutical and medical ways to use olive oil are described, inclusive of skin problems, muscle pains, therapy against ulcer and cholera, mouth and gum inflammation, insomnia, nausea, fever and stomach pains.
Pedanius Dioscorides calls olive oil “perfect to use for health”. He mentions numerous therapeutic qualities against herpes and mouth ulcer. He also states that the oil from wild olive trees is styptic and beneficial against headaches.


Hope still for 'dead' Comet Ison
All that could be seen was a dull smudge in space telescope images - its nucleus and tail assumed destroyed. But recent pictures have indicated a brightening of what may be a small fragment of the comet.
Astronomers admit to being surprised and delighted, but now caution that anything could happen in the coming hours and days.
This remnant of Ison could continue to brighten, or it could simply fizzle out altogether.
"We've been following this comet for a year now and all the way it has been surprising us and confusing us," said astrophysicist Karl Battams, who operates the US space agency-funded Sungrazing Comets Project.
"It's just typical that right at the end, when we said, 'yes, it has faded out, it's died, we've lost it in the Sun', that a couple of hours later it should pop right back up again," he told BBC News.
Sources and more information:
The Christian Science Monitor Weekly Digital Edition Dr. Battams, a scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory, had for all intents and purposes become the emcee of a highly anticipated celestial event. The alluringly bright Comet ISON, discovered last year, would be swooping within a hair's breadth of the sun, cosmically speaking, on Thanksgiving...
( via bbc.co.uk )
No comments yet.


The counting and packing machine is a remarkable piece of machinery that has revolutionized the way businesses handle and distribute their products. It combines the processes of counting and packaging into an automated system, significantly reducing human error, operational costs, and time taken for packaging. Counting and packing machines have found applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and consumer goods.
The counting and packing machine counts the number of items required and packages them efficiently. It uses sensors and optical counters to accurately count the items, which are then conveyed to the packaging section. The packaging section uses a variety of materials such as paper, plastic, or cellophane to wrap or bag the items. The machines can be customized to meet specific packaging needs, such as including information on the package or printing barcodes.
One of the key benefits of using a counting and packing machine is its efficiency. These machines can process a large number of items in a short period of time, reducing the time taken for packaging. Additionally, the machines provide consistent and accurate counting, reducing the risk of over- or under-packaging. This accuracy is crucial in industries where proper dosing or counting is essential, such as in the pharmaceutical industry.
Counting and packing machines have eased the workload of employees, allowing them to focus on other tasks that require human intervention. This not only improves productivity but also reduces the potential for repetitive stress injuries. Furthermore, these machines require minimal supervision, making them ideal for running unattended overnight or over the weekend.


Texas & Oklahoma 2011
The drought and associated wildfires cost Texans an estimated US$5 billion, including agricultural and livestock losses.
In the summer of 2011, Texas and Oklahoma suffered the worst drought conditions seen since the Dust Bowl. In Midland, the oil and gas capital of West Texas, less than 1/10th of an inch of rain fell between October 2010 and April 2011, leaving all three of the city’s reservoirs less than 30% full. Without rain, residents may have to raise US$140 million for a new pipeline to bring in water from elsewhere. Estimates put the cost of the drought and associated wildfires (including agricultural and livestock losses) at US$5 billion.


This week's book giveaway is in the OCAJP 8 forum. We're giving away four copies of OCA Java SE 8 Programmer I Study Guide and have Edward Finegan & Robert Liguori on-line! See this thread for details.
hi, Method calls are always determined by the state of the object at runtime, but the variables are referenced using the reference of the object. Since object q has a reference variable of type Shape q.y will always give 7. Same is the case for q.x. Hope this helps
I think u r referring to variable and method shadowing. When u invoke a method by an object it is a class of the current object and not the type of reference. example... //Tubelight extends light and has a method called getBill() Light l1 = new Tubelight() Hence if yu want to excess getBill yu just say li.getBill(); But the variable accessed is from the class corresponding to the reference type regardless of the object denoted by reference. example. //If both Light and Tubelight class has an instance variable int x1 Light l1 = new Tubelight() Then if yu invoke l1.x1 then its the instance variable of light class that is invoked. I hope yu get it. Hope somebody can correct me if I am wrong. shalini
Joined: Mar 17, 2000
shalini you are right except for the terminology. Instance methods can be overridden by subclasses. Static methods gets shadowed or hidden when redefined by the subclass(es). Overriding does not apply to static methods. Variables( static or instance ) gets hidden or shadowed when redeclared by subclass(es) because the name resolution starts from the immediate enclosing scope. Just my two cents worth.... Ajith


There has been a rise in far-right and fascist ideologies in many countries around the world in recent years. This is often characterized by anti-immigrant sentiment, racism, xenophobia, nationalism, and a disregard for democratic norms and institutions. Far-right and fascist movements have gained traction, often in response to perceived threats to cultural and national identity, as well as economic and political anxieties.
This ideologue is in direct opposition to the values of equality, tolerance, and democracy, and have been responsible for significant human rights abuses and acts of violence throughout history.
It is important for all people to actively stand against fascism and far-right ideologies, and to support the values of progressive and democratic values. This can be done through grassroot protest, #mainstreaming political action, and supporting 4#opens organizing.


The World Health Organisation (WHO) is working closely with the Government of Sierra Leone to prevent the spread of malaria and cholera in the wake of last week’s mudslides and flooding in Freetown.
Mr. Alexander Chimbaru, Officer in Charge of WHO in Sierra Leone, said the UN health agency was doing everything possible to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the country’s capital.
“The mudslides have caused extreme suffering and loss of life, and we must do all we can to protect the population from additional health risks.
“With damage to water and sanitation facilities, residents of affected areas are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of pre-existing infectious diseases including malaria and diarrheal conditions such as typhoid and cholera,” Chimbaru said.
The most recent cholera outbreak in the country occurred in 2012, according to the global health agency.
Chimbaru said cholera response kits, including rapid testing tools, were being distributed to areas at risk, while health and community workers were being trained to recognise the signs of priority diseases.
“While the Government and WHO are working hard to strengthen health services in the affected areas, we also urge the population to take the following precautions to help avoid a possible outbreak.
“These are hand washing, drinking only water that has been properly boiled or treated, use of latrines for sanitation, and adherence to good food hygiene practices,” Chimbaru added.
Around 500 people are known to have died as a result of the flooding and mudslides that devastated whole communities in and around Freetown, and hundreds more are still missing, according to the UN.
Meanwhile, the UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed will sign a book of condolences for the victims of the mudslides at the Sierra Leone Permanent Mission in New York later on Monday. (NAN)


How do you increase in-place stormwater infiltration in a parking lot without ripping up 39 acres of asphalt pavement? Ventura County’s Watershed Protection District in California figured out how: replace existing traditional concrete gutters with pervious concrete gutters to allow stormwater runoff to flow through it, infiltrating into the soil below.
That’s how the "first flush" — the 70% of pollutants that are carried during the first 20 minutes of a rainfall — from the County’s Government Center are treated. Instead of waste, the runoff is now a resource.
“We installed 4,805 linear feet of pervious concrete gutters,” says Ewelina Mutkowska, stormwater program manager at Ventura County. “This new system allows stormwater to be drained and then filtered through an aggregate-filled infiltration trench that flows into dry wells, reaching soil that can accept groundwater recharge.”
These pervious gutters are placed throughout the multiple parking lots at the Government Center, each marked with a blue Clean Drain sticker. When they fill up, the rest of the water flows into existing storm drains.
No trees had to be removed, nor any additional right of way acquired.
“The project is part of a multijurisdictional initiative to reduce urban runoff pollution and protect our watersheds,” says Mutkowska. Ten cities and unincorporated areas share responsibility for complying with a countywide National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit adopted most recently in 2010.
Most of the project’s $1.5 million funding came from California’s Proposition 84 Stormwater Grant Program, which voters approved in 2006. CalRecycle, the state Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, also contributed.
For more information, visit http://uninc.vcstormwater.org.


business paper due 16 mar 14 attn kim woods
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper (the title page and reference do not count in the total paper word count) in which you use the creative process to solve a problem with which you have experience. Include the following:
· Describe each stage in the creative process using Ch. 5 of your text.
· Search for a personal challenge. Explain how you used the techniques to develop curiosity in your search (see Ch. 6).
· Express the problem created by this personal challenge (see Ch. 7). Refine your expression of the problem by considering multiple perspectives and deciding which expression is best. Include both the initial and the refined version. Justify your revision.
· Investigate the problem by obtaining necessary information (see Ch. 8). List the questions must answer to understand the problem. Identify a source of information to answer each question.
· Conclude your investigation with a thorough explanation of the problem, including answers to each of the questions you identified.
· Produce ideas toward solution of this problem (see Ch. 9). List all of your ideas—whether they are ridiculous or serious is not important.
· Discuss the two ideas that you think are the most imaginative, original, and positive potential solutions to the problem.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines including a cover page and a reference page.


The ACLU Mobile Justice smartphone app was created to empower individuals to hold law enforcement agencies accountable for their actions. This app has four main features which allow citizens to personally record police officer interactions, alert nearby users when stopped by police, transmit incident reports directly to the ACLU, and learn what rights citizens have when stopped by law enforcement officers.
94 results found
DefendDefenders (East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project) seeks to strengthen the work of human rights defenders (HRDs) throughout the East and Horn of Africa sub-region by reducing their vulnerability to the risk of persecution and by enhancing their capacity to effectively defend human rights.
This fact sheet aims to shed light on the right to health in international human rights law as it currently stands, amidst the plethora of initiatives and proposals as to what the right to health may or should be. The fact sheet starts by explaining what the right to health is and illustrating its implications for specific individuals and groups, and then elaborates upon States’ obligations with respect to the right. It ends with an overview of national, regional and international accountability and monitoring mechanisms.
These methods were compiled by Dr. Gene Sharp and first published in his 1973 book, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Vol. 2: The Methods of Nonviolent Action. The book outlines each method and gives information about its historical use.


This Christian History course will be taught by Dr. Matthew Hoskin, and will run from April 10th through June 17th. The syllabus can be found here.
In 410, the Goths sacked the city of Rome, sending shockwaves throughout the Mediterranean world. Some blamed the ongoing Christianization of the Roman world and the suppression of pagan ritual. In response, St Augustine of Hippo, greatest theologian of the Latin West, wrote his largest work, On the City of God Against the Pagans. This work was not merely an apologia for Christianity, not simply a demonstration through history, philosophy, and theology that the sack of Rome was not the result of divine anger from the old gods. City of God is that and more—a wide-ranging analysis of the theology of history, divine providence, divine revelation, and so much more, bringing into play scripture, Christian theology, Roman history, and ancient philosophy.
Dr. Matthew Hoskin (PhD, University of Edinburgh) teaches ancient and medieval Christian history for Davenant Hall. His research focuses on manuscripts, monks, popes, canon law, and councils, which all feature in his book, The Manuscripts of Leo the Great’s Letters (2022), and he blogs about the historic faith at Classically Christian. He lives on Superior’s northern shore in Thunder Bay, Ontario, with his wife and sons.
Online only, runs 10 weeks, meeting 2 hr./wk. via Zoom. Students will also have the option to participate in class discussion on the Davenant Common Room Discord server. Register to reserve your spot and schedule will be set after a poll of participating students; if the class time does not fit your schedule, you will be eligible for a full refund.
This is a graduate-level course. Although a BA is not a necessary pre-requisite for this course, students should come prepared to do graduate-level work.


- Collect data once and use it many times
- Develop standards across disciplines as well as within them
- Process and validate data at different levels. Structures are already developing at national level but infrastructure at sea-basin and European level is needed
- Provide sustainable financing at an EU level so as to extract maximum value from the efforts of individual Member States
- Build on existing efforts where data communities have already organized themselves
- Develop a decision-making process for priorities that is user-driven
- Accompany data with statements on ownership, accuracy and precision, and
- Recognise that marine data is a public good and discourage cost-recovery pricing from public bodies.


Muller mountain is a 860.00 hectares mountain range located on the border of West Kalimantana and East Kalimantan Province. Muller derives from Dutch East Indies soldier, Major Muller.
The vegetation is of tropical rainforest and is rich of biodiversity and it is important for the sustainability of Kalimantan rivers : Barito Rivers, Kapuas River and Mahakam River.
Here are the peaks at Muller mountsins : Mt Kerihun (1790 m), Mt Mangtajung (1515 m), Puncak Liangapran (2240 m).
Birds live in Muller Mountains are ; brown magpie, golden-bellied gerygone, rhinoceros hornbill, the black hornbill, common iora, green iora, crimson sunbird, some swiftlet species, and many more birds species. They grow and live well as the good term forest condition.
Along the river grow Eugenia sp, palaquium sp and tristania obovata.
Mammals also can be found here, they are arboreal animals and spread the seeds in the forest. They can can be spotted easily as they enjoy the primary forest. Primates species in this mountain range are: Owa, red lutung and long tailed monkey. beruk, white fronted surili, pig-tailed macaque, langur, and Sunda slow loris. Big mammals spotted in Muller Mountains are: bear, cloudy leopard, bos javanicus and badak.
It was Anton Willem Niewenhuis who named the mountain range as Muler in 1984. Georg Muller was a German soldier who later joined Dutch East Indies in the 1817. He was involved in a battle in 1818 in Sambas, inspector staff of nutmeg in Banda Neira in 1820. In 1825, Dutch delegate Muller to Kutai Kingdom that Sultan Salahuddin signed political agreement which Muller departed with 20 Javanese soldiers. The agreement was that the peace treaty required Dutch to protect Kutai and Sultan must pay 8000 Gulden. Muller and then explored the hinterland from Kutai, deeper to Kalimantan which was called as terra incognita or the unknown land. Muller lost in jungle and never came back and it is still mystery until now. (historia.id)


How and Why Snakes Get into Basements or Crawl Spaces Basements and crawl spaces are moist, quiet, and damp, which make them very attractive nesting sites for snakes. They enter through cracks in building foundations, gaps in siding, or open windows at the ground level. The pests are particularly fond of using these areas for hibernation as they offer consistent food supplies. Crawl spaces and basements typically house rodent and insect infestations, some of snakes' favorite foods. Removal The best approach to eliminating snakes from crawl spaces or basements is to contact specialists trained to safely and quickly handle infestations. Homeowners can reduce the possibility of attracting the pests by eliminating clutter that draws rodents, sealing gaps or holes that lead inside, and repairing broken windows. However, if snakes in basements or crawlspaces are already present, individuals should not attempt to capture them. They are capable of inflicting deadly bites. Contact Critter Control immediately to prevent snake problems from spreading throughout homes.


Buda Elementary School History
The first building on the site where Buda Elementary now stands, was built in 1885. It was a two-story wood building. In 1908, a larger school was needed, so the building was sold and moved across the railroad tracks. A new two-story building was built on the site, with the first graduating class of six students receiving their diploma in 1910.
In the early 1900's, ladies of the community picked cotton to buy the land at the bottom of the hill for a football field. This field, known as Trimble Field, served as Buda's football field until the schools consolidated. The lower campus was built in 1981.
In January of 1928, the Buda High School building burned. A new school was built on the site, preserving the arch and the inside walls of the old school.
In 1967, Kyle, Buda, and Wimberley consolidated their schools with one high school, and Buda High School became Buda Elementary.
Taken from People and Places In and Around Historic Buda by Mary Giberson and Barbara Younts, Press Corps Inc, Buda, Texas, 2003.
Currently Buda Elementary serves approximately 500 students in Pre-K through 5th.


Definition of Nimby in English:
noun (plural Nimbys or Nimbies)informal
A person who objects to the siting of something perceived as unpleasant or hazardous in their own neighbourhood, especially while raising no such objections to similar developments elsewhere: rural development arouses intense suspicion from Nimbys and conservationists
More example sentences
- In response to these comments: it has become popular to label anyone who objects to a development as a Nimby.
- Is he bitter because they didn't get any money from the Nimbys' homes being built or are all the villagers Nimbys who live in the new developments?
- It is no answer to the problem for the Nimbys, already established in their ever-expanding residences, to propose that there should be no further development or increase in population density in Balmain.
- Example sentences
- What should I call politically motivated Nimbyism?
- The miners also accuse the anti-mining lobby of Nimbyism.
- Although these concerns are legitimate, they are easily dismissed as Nimbyism from people who care little about global warming.
1980s: acronym from not in my back yard.
Definition of Nimby in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Death, due to its prominent place in human culture, is frequently imagined as a personified force, also known as the Grim Reaper. In some mythologies, the Grim Reaper causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person. In turn, people in some stories try to hold on to life by avoiding Death's visit, or by fending Death off with bribery or tricks. Other beliefs hold that the Spectre of Death is only a psychopomp, serving to sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control over when or how the victim dies. Death is most often personified in male form, although in certain cultures Death is perceived as female (for instance, Marzanna in Slavic mythology, Dhumavati in Hinduism, or La Catrina in Mexico).


In mid-2012, protests erupted in Khartoum in opposition to the quarter-century reign of Omar al-Bashir and his National Congress Party. Begun by female students protesting against austerity and high prices, within a week it had spread, involving tens of thousands—and this is a context were all signs of dissent are brutally suppressed.
The protests were organized under the slogan “Lick your elbow,” a Sudanese saying for attempting to achieve the impossible. Marches and a general strike led to intense and bloody clashes with the police, and while the regime was not overthrown, the people of Sudan proved to themselves that they could organize and build power.
Printed at the worker-owned Stumptown Printers, Portland, OR.
This is #119 in the Celebrate People’s History Poster Series.


A herniated or “slipped” disc is a common spine injury that occurs when the jelly-like substance inside the intravertebral discs is forced outward, either creating a bulge in the disc’s membrane or leaking out through a tear in the membrane.
The movement of the jelly-like substance places pressure on nearby nerves, which can cause pain and discomfort. There are two areas of the spine that can experience a herniated disc: the lumbar spine (lower back) and cervical spine (neck).
- Pain isolated to one side of the body
- Pain that gets worse after standing or sitting
- Muscle weakness


LUPINUS ARBOREUS (YELLOW)
Fragrant creamy yellow racemes cover what can become a long lived, long flowering small tree, complete with thick knobbly trunk. A haven for bees and butterflies throughout summer and autumn. A valuable garden addition and very long-lived in a well-drained position.
These seeds have already been thoroughly cleaned and cold-stored for several months. They should be sown into a well-drained, sandy compost at any time of the year, and covered thinly with sand or grit and kept moist. Keep at between 15 and 20 degrees C. Germination usually occurs within 4 to 6 weeks although some seeds may take much longer.
Common name:Yellow Bush Lupine, tree lupin
Seeds / gram:30 (Approx)


March 31, 2011
MESSENGER becomes the First Spacecraft to Orbit Mercury
Photo: An artist’s concept shows the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit around Mercury. Credit: NASA.
NASA’s MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft entered orbit around Mercury March 17, becoming the first spacecraft to ever do so. While orbiting Mercury, MESSENGER’s instruments will perform the first complete reconnaissance of the planet’s geochemistry, geophysics, geologic history, atmosphere, magnetosphere, and plasma environment. On March 29, the Mercury Dual Imaging System was turned on and began capturing the first of thousands of orbital images.
Photo: From Orbit, Looking toward Mercury’s Horizon. MESSENGER acquired this image of Mercury’s horizon as the spacecraft was moving northward. Credit: NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, and Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Posted by Editors at March 31, 2011 6:01 AM | Link to this Post


As brown as a berry
Entirely or very brown; often referring to a suntanned skin.
From Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, (the Monk's Tale), 1386-1400:
He was a lord full fat and in good point;
His eyen stepe and rolling in his head
That stemed as a fornice of a led;
His botes souple, his hors in gret estat,
Now certainly he was a sayre prelat.
He was not pale as a forpined gost;
A fat swan loved he best of any rost;
His palfrey was as broune as is a bery.
[Note: a palfrey is a horse]
See other 'as x as y similes'.


Janet Farrell Brodie is a professor of U.S. history at Claremont Graduate University. Her recent scholarship focuses on secrecy in the nuclear era with articles in the Journal of Diplomatic History and The Journal of Social History.
Not a day goes by that humans aren’t exposed to toxins in our environment—be it at home, in the car, or workplace. But what about those toxic places and items that aren’t marked? Why are we warned about some toxic spaces’ substances and not others? The essays in Inevitably Toxic consider the exposure of bodies in the United States, Canada and Japan to radiation, industrial waste, and pesticides. Research shows that appeals to uncertainty have led to social inaction even when evidence, e.g. the link between carbon emissions and global warming, stares us in the face. In some cases, influential scientists, engineers and doctors have deliberately “manufactured doubt” and uncertainty but as the essays in this collection show, there is often no deliberate deception. We tend to think that if we can’t see contamination and experts deem it safe, then we are okay. Yet, having knowledge about the uncertainty behind expert claims can awaken us from a false sense of security and alert us to decisions and practices that may in fact cause harm.
In the epilogue, Hamilton and Sarathy interview Peter Galison, a prominent historian of science whose recent work explores the complex challenge of long term nuclear waste storage.


World Tourism Day 2021:Significance, Theme, Quotes
World Tourism Day 2021: Since 1980, World Tourism Day celebrated annually across the globe on 27th September. his date was chosen as on that day in 1970, the Statutes of the UNWTO were adopted. The main aim of this event is to spread the importance of tourism among the people.
Significance- The main purpose of this day is to create awareness of the best and the importance of tourism and to save the natural and cultural heritage of the world. Through the pandemic period now the tourism sector suffer a lot. Day by day after the covid-19 this sector trying to stand up again after a huge loss.
So it is a request to the people who are planning to visit tourist places after the pandemic to at least try to follow the guidelines given by the local government.
Theme: The theme for World Tourism Day 2021 is “Tourism for Inclusive Growth”
World Tourism Day Quotes–
Make World Tourism Day in India a special and wish your relatives with some good wishes
“Wherever you go becomes a part of you somehow.” – Anita Desai
“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.” – St. Augustine
“Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.” – Helen Keller, The Open Door
“The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.” – Marcel Proust
“We wander for distraction, but we travel for fulfillment.” – Hilaire Belloc
See the world. It’s more fantastic than any dream made or paid for in factories. Ask for no guarantees, ask for no security.” -Ray Bradbury
“The use of traveling is to regulate imagination with reality, and instead of thinking of how things may be, see them as they are.” – Samuel Johnson
Traveling is all about exploring, learning, and embracing….. It is all about becoming a better person!!
Nothing teaches you life better than traveling…. So travel to expand your knowledge.
Also Read:- know-more-about-indias-12th-highest-waterfall


Beth Newingham's site has some materials that are helpful for teaching text structure and text features.
I use scholastic's "Navigating Nonfiction" series by Boynton and Blevins because it contains 30 weeks of grade level passages and lessons that focus on text structure and text features. I also use "Teaching Students to Read Nonfiction" published by scholastic. It also contains practice passages that can be used for instruction in whole group and small group settings. These books are used in conjunction with the Thinking Maps that correspond with each structure.
In their Reader's Notebooks, I have the students create a Tree Map of the different types of text structure and have them include the signal words and corresponding Thinking Map under each category to help them to identify the type of text structure. I then give them printed paragraphs of the structures and have them sort the paragraphs and then glue them on a small group- created Tree Map. After that give them another set of paragraphs to sort on their own and the students glues these as examples in their Reader's Notebooks.
After I have taught each of the text structures, we use National Geographic Explorer magazine to identify the text features and structure in action. We play a game in which the students compete to identify the text structure of each paragraph of our focus article for the week. I also have the students identify text structure in small group (I bribe them with a skittle/ starburst each time they can correctly identify the structure of a paragraph.) I have also used candy in whole group for our weekly basal story with a lot of success
(Even the students who are hesitant to read aloud in front of their classmates will volunteer to read aloud in order to have a chance to identify the text structure!)
Hope this helps!


Faculty Book: Terrie Epstein
Interpreting National History: Race, identity and pedagogy in classrooms and communities
How do students’ racial identities work with and against teachers’ pedagogies to shape their understandings of history and contemporary society? Based on a long-term ethnographic study, Interpreting National History examines the startling differences in black and white students' interpretations of U.S. history in classroom and community settings. Interviews with children and teens compare and contrast the historical interpretations students bring with them to the classroom with those they leave with after a year of teacher's instruction. Firmly grounded in history and social studies education theory and practice, this powerful book illuminates how textbooks, pedagogies, and contemporary learning standards are often disconnected from students’ cultural identities; explores how students and parents interpret history and society in home and community settings; and successfully analyzes examples of the challenges and possibilities facing teachers of history and social studies. Terrie Epstein is an associate professor of urban education at Hunter College and the Graduate Center.
Purchase this book
Submitted on: SEP 21, 2008
Category: Faculty Books | Urban Education


Chemical sensor program residence time
The Residence Time (t) of each element is the length of time it takes various input processes to add an amount of the element to the ocean that is equal to the amount of the element in the ocean:
t = Mean Concentration in Ocean x Ocean Volume / Input per year
where the Ocean Volume is (1.37×1021 L). The value used for the input should be the sum of all inputs to the ocean. However, the residence time is often calculated using only one, or more, of the major input processes. For many elements, the major input is from rivers and the Input per year is the Mean River Concentration x Continental Runoff Rate (3.6×1016 L/yr). If the concentration of an element is not changing, then the Input and Output of an element must be equal. The residence time can then be calculated using the estimated output, if that is known.


News From the Field
Mosquito Genes Explain Response to Climate Change
April 23, 2007
This material is available primarily for archival purposes. Telephone numbers or other contact information may be out of date; please see current contact information at media contacts.University of Oregon researchers studying mosquitoes have produced the first chromosomal map that shows regions of chromosomes that activate--and are apparently evolving--in animals in response to climate change. The map will allow researchers to narrow their focus to identify specific genes that control the seasonal development of animals. Full Story
University of Oregon
The U.S. National Science Foundation propels the nation forward by advancing fundamental research in all fields of science and engineering. NSF supports research and people by providing facilities, instruments and funding to support their ingenuity and sustain the U.S. as a global leader in research and innovation. With a fiscal year 2022 budget of $8.8 billion, NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and institutions. Each year, NSF receives more than 40,000 competitive proposals and makes about 11,000 new awards. Those awards include support for cooperative research with industry, Arctic and Antarctic research and operations, and U.S. participation in international scientific efforts.


King Hezekiah’s seal – level 3
Despite its size, this is a monumental discovery, what is said to be the mark from the seal of the King Hezekiah has been discovered. Archaeologists made the find near the southern part of the wall that surrounds Jerusalem’s Old City, an area rich in relics from the period of the first of two ancient Jewish temples.
The dots help separate the words: “Belonging to Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, king of Judah.” The archaeologists say the backside of the clay imprint on the seal had markings of thin cords that were used to tie a papyrus document.
“Now we know that some documents that was signed by King Hezekiah himself was stored along with the other seals that were stamping all kinds of products. But he himself for some reason, had a document signed by him in this building.”
The biblical king ruled around 700 BC and helped build Jerusalem into an ancient metropolis.
The Israeli archaeologists say the centimetre-long piece of clay may well have been made by the king himself.
Difficult words: monumental (very big), seal (a piece of clay or wax with an individual design stamped into it; something which is used to stamp the “logo”), relic (an old object of historical importance), clay (earth that we use to make things).
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
News in Levels is designed to teach you 3000 words in English. Please follow the instructions
How to improve your English with News in Levels:
- Do the test at Test Languages.
- Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.
- Read two news articles every day.
- Read the news articles from the day before and check if you remember all new words.
- Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.
- Listen to the news from today without reading the text.
- Answer the questions under today’s news and write them in the comments.
- Chat in our Facebook Group for 2 minutes. You can write about today’s news.


Things about learning languages that polyglots have in common:
- Don't wait to be taught. Be an active learner, not a passive one. Take the initiative to learn. Try different ways and find one that works for you.
- Have fun doing it! Enjoy the process!
- Have a lot of contact with the language. Get exposure every day at every opportunity.
- Learn in lots of little chunks instead of one or two huge cram sessions a week. Practice in little chunks.
- Have a system or a plan. Follow the plan.


God is the first and best artist. He displays His glory in the heavens, and we get to see it every day! He has made us in His creative image, thus we, too, create. Classical methods of art instruction involve leading children to discover and imitate beautiful works of art as they learn elements of design.
An integrated approach to history allows children to see the connections between ideas and art as history unfolds. In addition to art lessons, students in grades 2-6 will visit the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston to see masterful works of art on display.


About This BookEdit
This book is intended to be a complete replacement for science books in middle school (ages 12-15). Each section should be set up as a module that can be used independently of other modules.
Although there are many other informational textbooks, many are very complex and not suited for middle school students.
Many of the textbooks that are online lack resrouces for teachers. The purpose of this Wikibook is to provide teachers quiz and test questions, worksheets, and labs or activities to use in the classroom.
Basic Module FormatEdit
The modules for each section should follow this basic format
- Concept: This is the basic idea of what this section is about. Each page should have a short concept that consists of clear, easy-to-understand sentences.
- Examples: To keep the concepts as clear as possible, put all examples explaining that concept into this section. This section is intended to be added to and exapanded the most.
- Optional module sections:
- History: A brief history of the concept, such as how it was discovered, or how it was developed.
- Review Questions: Include questions that would be good for a test or quiz
- Activities/Labs: Include activities that can that might help students understand this concept.


Two of the leading causes of farm fatalities in West Virginia are improper use of farm machinery and firearms. WV AgrAbility staff Inetta Fluharty and Amanda Fulk will provide information on those topics at a booth during the WV State Fair from August 12-17. They will promote AgrAbility and USDA Youth Farm Safety (YFS) with emphasis on ergonomics and assistive technologies for the disabled farmer. Highlights will also include awareness training, such as ATV safety for youths and adults. This training is part of the YFS program, which is designed to reduce West Virginia youth related farm deaths and injuries. West Virginia counties prominent in the YFS program this year include Hampshire, Hardy, Doddridge, and Putnam. Underserved WV farms have inherent hazards related to the use of machinery in mountainous and rough terrain, environmental and chemical exposures coupled with a lack of agricultural safety education for many part-time farmers, and additionally, there exists a lack of proximity to medical facilities when injuries occur.
Submitted by Amanda Fulk


Listed in: Philosophy, as PHIL-473
Moodle site: Course (Guest Accessible)
It’s your wedding day. After exchanging heart-felt vows, you and your partner celebrate as the judge says “I now pronounce you a married couple.” Unbeknownst to you, the judge has recently been disbarred. Even though she uttered the right words, the judge didn’t have standing to carry out her pronouncement. Unfortunately, you’re not married.
This linguistic example brings out how successful speech depends not just upon the words that are uttered, or upon the intentions of the speaker, but also upon social conditions that enable speakers to do things with their words. For over half a century, philosophers and linguists have tried to explain the workings of many different types of speech, including irony, jokes, expletives, slurs, and the fictional utterances of actors on a stage.
Very recently, philosophers have asked how harm might arise when speech goes awry. Does, for example, a pornographic culture effectively silence women by undermining their ability to issue restrictive commands (like “stop!”), or even to decline unwanted proposals? Does racist hate speech undermine the status of certain speakers to make genuine assertions, or even to ask questions? If so, exercising free speech requires not merely the freedom to utter words, but also the type of surrounding cultural conditions that enable genuine speech acts. Moreover, some speech that is currently protected as free might actually undermine the free speech of others. All of this raises the difficult question of what limits might justifiably be put on our freedoms of speech.
The seminar will be run in conjunction with a visiting-speaker series. Philosophers working on these issues will discuss with us recent work on speech and harm.
Requisite: Two courses in Philosophy or consent of the instructor(s). Limited to 15 students. Spring semester. Professors Moore and Shah.
If Overenrolled: Priority will be given to majors, seniors, then juniors, etc.


From the Series Mystery!
Who? What? Where? The fascination with the unexplained and sometimes unexplainable is the basis of this title driven by mysterious messages and the need to evaluate evidence "critically". From weeping statues to crop circles and messages to the Gods, these books help student see, evaluate and conclude these mysterious messages.
|Interest Level||Grade 3 - Grade 6|
|Reading Level||Grade 3|
|Publisher||Black Rabbit Books|
|Imprint||Smart Apple Media|
|Number of Pages||24|
|Title Format||Reinforced book|
|Guided Reading Level||R|
|ATOS Reading Level||5.0|
|Accelerated Reader® Quiz||167689|
|Accelerated Reader® Points||0.5|
School Library Journal
This set takes on mysteries and phenomenon of all kinds, from UFOs and aliens to psychics, ghosts, and a milk-drinking statue. Plentiful photographs on shaded pages in varied tones accompany black-and-white text. Questions are inserted for critical thinking. There are intriguing bits here and there for quick reading or browsing. Missing! and Mysterious Messages are the strongest of the lot.