Objective : To promote assistance to migrant people, living in tents or in very precarious conditions, in significant material and moral difficulty, by providing for free meals, moral and human support.
Location of the action : CALAIS, PAS-DE-CALAIS (62), FRANCE. In a few years, the City of CALAIS has become a significant international migration platform. A team of volunteers of the European Observatory for non-discrimination and fundamental rights has distributed free meals in 2 very precarious camps of CALAIS.
Means and resources deployed:
May 14 and May 15 2015 : Many free provisions of meals, with moral and human support, to some 100 migrants of Chadian, Sudanese, afghan and Eritrean nationality, especially in the “Fort Galloo” Camp – a squat where it is very difficult to get in.
Field for intervention targeted by the European Agency for Fundamental Rights : Asylum, migrations and borders.
Some 20.5 million non-EU nationals were living in the EU in 2011, which represents about 4 percent of the entire population. To compare with this figure, 250,000 to 300,000 people on average apply for asylum in the EU each year (learn more : http://fra.europa.eu/en/theme/asylum-migration-borders).
There is an urgent need to create human and social solidarity with migrants, and encourage a civic and social responsibility to promote and respect their rights in the European Union.


The researchers placed identical strains of salmonella in containers and sent one into space aboard the shuttle, while the second was kept on Earth, under similar temperature conditions to the one in space.
After the shuttle returned, mice were given varying oral doses of the salmonella and then were watched.
After 25 days, 40% of the mice given the Earth-bound salmonella were still alive, compared with just 10% of those dosed with the germs from space. And the researchers found it took about one-third as much of the space germs to kill half the mice, compared with the germs that had been on Earth.
The researchers found 167 genes had changed in the salmonella that went to space.
Update: Uh, oh. "“For the first time ever, animals are now being exposed to an unmitigated space environment, with both vacuum conditions and cosmic radiation." Read more about tardigrades being exposed to space here and here.


- Additional information about using the calculator
This calculator provides you with a simple approach to estimating greenhouse gas emissions from animals, manure management, and nitrogen fertiliser use on your farm, as well as the carbon sequestered in forests.
If you need a more detailed estimate or want to include vegetation and mitigations other than those included here, refer to the He Waka Eke Noa Factsheet.
Note: No record will be kept of the data you enter. You can print or download your results from the results area of the calculator.
This tool has been produced to support the He Waka Eke Noa | Primary Sector Climate Action Partnership by the Ministry for the Environment.
The method used for the calculation in this tool is the same as that used in our Measuring Emissions Interactive Workbook 2020, which has been accepted by He Waka Eke Noa.
The approach used by this tool is very simple and does not account for factors such as more emissions-efficient production methods. If you want a more accurate estimate, other tools can be used for many types of farms. See the He Waka Eke Noa Factsheet for more detail.
Note: This tool is designed to help build understanding of your greenhouse gas footprint as part of the awareness-building milestones for He Waka Eke Noa. Work is still underway to determine how to calculate greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in the future pricing system.


Booze: A Distilled History
Booze is a history of Canadian drink and drinking from the European conquest to the present. Filled with photographs, ads, and cartoons, this multifaceted story features the liquor traffic, alcohol in Native communities, the law and prohibition, public drunkenness, the workingman's club, bootlegging, alcoholism, and a wide array of watering holes.
"To write about booze is to enter into a minefield of controversy," writes Heron, acknowledging the complexity of his subject. Booze is a work of engaging scholarship by one of Canada's leading historians.
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In Search of John Barleycorn
The Water of Life
Taking the Pledge
The Reign of King Alcohol
The Long Arm of the Law
One Hell of a Farce
Aboriginal Alberta alcohol consumption alcoholic beverages American became beer parlours behaviour bootleggers booze bottles bourgeois Brewed in Canada breweries British Columbia British North America campaign Canada Dry Canadian Annual Review cent cities colonies Commission on Liquor Company consumed culture customers Demon Rum disease distilleries distillers drank drinkers drunk drunkards drunkenness early economic federal ﬁnd ﬁrst ﬁve ﬂow Gender groups heavy drinking History industry Labatt’s labour later legislation licensed Liquor Control Board liquor stores Liquor Traffic male man’s Manitoba Molson Montreal moral nineteenth century Northern Spirits Nova Scotia Ontario organizations plebiscite police political Prince Edward Island problem production prohibitionists provinces public drinking Quebec quotation Reform regulation Report retail Royal Commission Rum or Easy rum-runners saloons social society speciﬁc Spence spirits taverns teetotallers temperance movement tion Toronto Press trade union University of Toronto urban vote whisky wine women workers working-class


The North Western Ghats Montane Rain Forests are one of two montane rain forest ecoregions (the other is the South Western Ghats Montane Rain Forests along the Western Ghats Mountain Range, renowned for its large number of species, particularly endemics. For a list of Endemic Birds of the Western Ghats, Click here.
The term South India demarcates a geographical region comprising of the Southern Part of the Great Indian peninsula. It comprises the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. In this region our primary focus is on the southern part of The Western Ghats, which runs astride Karnataka and Kerala with a portion of Tamil Nadu in between. This range of hills rise from the West coast to an altitude of up to 2500 m
For the full list of Indian Sub-Continental Endemic Birds, please Click here.
For 8-Days Western Ghats Endemics Birding Tour, Click here.
For 13-Days South India Endemics Birding Tour Click here


Southwest High School Aquaculture Program Combines Innovative Learning with Philanthropy
Although temperatures may be frigid outside and there is snow on the ground, there are signs of life in the Southwest High School greenhouse, thanks to the thriving aquaculture program that began 12 years ago. Aquaculture is a growing industry that refers to the breeding, rearing and harvesting of plants and animals in all types of water environments. Currently in Southwest’s greenhouse, students are manipulating greenhouse temperatures to grow geraniums, and working on spawning bluegills and perch. Students are also using the water from fish to fertilize the plants in the greenhouse, which in turn cleans the water for the fish. They are also researching ways to improve the greenhouse piping system to better fertilize tomatoes and peppers.
Students have also been working with locally owned Holy Grail Vineyard on grape propagation research and development. For the next two years, agriscience students will compare organic rooting hormones from the vineyard with other hormones on the market. This research will be conducted in a variety of classes to help students become engaged in product research and development, and Holy Grail will support the program by helping to develop a small sustainable vineyard in Southwest’s outdoor land lab this spring.
For Southwest students, the aquaculture program provides a unique learning environment in a hands-on, inquiry based setting. Students are also taught the importance of giving back to the community, as one of the program’s goals is to grow produce that can be donated to local food pantries.


He lived in the famine years the National bard of Ireland
And that he died as a pauper at a young age not hard to understand
Since he was a poor person and tough times he had known
But as a poet James Clarence Mangan was in a class of his own
Life for him was tough one might say Earthly Hell
And the sad story of Ireland became Mangan's story as well
And little use to him now enduring fame
That post bodily death his it has become a legendary name
In eighteen forty nine he died in his forty sixth year his best had not been seen
The author of 'The Woman Of Three Cows' and 'Dark Rosaleen'
And 'A Dream Of Connacht' and 'O Hussey's Ode To Maguire'
Generations of poetry lovers his poetry inspire
He died as a young man without a penny to his name
But his poetry lives on to his enduring fame.


There were no reports of abuses of religious freedom.
Government practice demonstrated a preference for the Catholic and Reformed churches. Catholic masses were a normal part of all major ceremonial functions, such as the October 12 National Day and the President’s Birthday on June 5.
The application and approval process for registration sometimes took several years, but the delay was reportedly due to bureaucratic inefficiency rather than policy. The government more rapidly approved applications by groups providing beneficial social programs, such as health projects or schools. The government enforced registration requirements inconsistently. The government rarely levied fines, but periodically announced that unregistered religious groups were subject to fines or closure, and should register as soon as possible.
Although the government required that religious groups obtain permission for any activities outside of places of worship, in practice, this did not prevent religious groups from holding retreats and other meetings. Door-to-door evangelism occurred without incident.
Some non-Catholic clergy, who also worked for the government as civil servants, continued to report that their supervisors strongly encouraged participation in religious activities related to their government positions, including attending Catholic masses.


Based on extensive field research over a period of twenty years, this is the first comprehensive study of the Puyuma people of Taiwan. The Puyuma belong to the Austronesian peoples, which today number less than 370,000. In Taiwan, they are the least known of the aboriginal groups, numbering only 6000, and inhabiting the Southeastern province of Taitung. The study looks at the historical changes in the status and definition of these people in relation to the central state, the criteria by which people determine their own ethnic identity, and the evolution of that identity through history. The increasing awareness in the West of the importance of ethnic relations makes this an especially timely book.


Pathogens are disease causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. Although bacteria are very commonly found in the human body, doing no harm, and even benefiting human health, in some cases bacteria can become pathogenic, being detrimental to the proper functioning of the body.
Phelix is interested in the effect particular pathogenic bacteria have on those who have a chronic infection.
We aim to explore the link between chronic infection and neurodegeneration.
Here are some of the pathogenic bacteria we study:
|Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. It causes Borreliosis, a disease transmitted primarily by ticks and lice, depending on the species. It is an obligate parasite which, when in the body, can live inside the cells and cause damage.
The bacterium are named after the French biologist Amédée Borrel. There are currently 36 known species of Borrelia.
|Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria. They are also obligate intracellular parasites.
Rickettsia are transmitted by ticks, fleas and lice and are associated with human disease such as typhus.
Mycoplasma is a genus of intracellular bacteria which lack a cell wall around their cell membrane which makes them difficult to treat with antibiotics.
Some species have been linked with pneumonia and inflammatory conditions.
Chlamydia is a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria. The bacteria are known to cause ocular, genital and respiratory infections.
More about the link between chronic infections and neurodegenerative conditions.


Pollution of the environment with plastic debris is a significant and rapidly expanding threat to biodiversity due to its abundance, durability, and persistence. Current knowledge of the negative effects of debris on wildlife is largely based on consequences that are readily observed, such as entanglement or starvation. Many interactions with debris, however, result in less visible and poorly documented sublethal effects, and as a consequence, the true impact of plastic is underestimated. We investigated the sublethal effects of ingested plastic in Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) using blood chemistry parameters as a measure of bird health. The presence of plastic had a significant negative effect on bird morphometrics and blood calcium levels and a positive relationship with the concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, and amylase. That we found blood chemistry parameters being related to plastic pollution is one of the few examples to date of the sublethal effects of marine debris and highlights that superficially healthy individuals may still experience the negative consequences of ingesting plastic debris. Moving beyond crude measures, such as reduced body mass, to physiological parameters will provide much needed insight into the nuanced and less visible effects of plastic.


Usually you can only show numbers in a pivot table values area, even if you add a text field there. In the screen shot below, the Max of Region ID is in the Values area. Instead of the numbers 1, 2 or 3, we’d like to see the name of the region – East, Central or West.
Show Text With Custom Number Formats
To show text, you can combine conditional formatting with custom number formats. This works well, in Excel 2007 and later, if you don’t have too many text options. In this example, there are 3 regions — East, Central and West.
In the screen shot below, the formula bar shows a 2, which is the ID number for the Central region. The selected cell – D6 – shows the text “Central” instead, because of the custom number formatting that has been applied.
Video: Show Text in Values Area
Watch this video to see how to see how to set up the formatting so text shows in the values area.
Or watch on YouTube: http://youtu.be/wslp2BqHuz8
Download the Sample File
To download the sample file, please visit my Contextures website. On the Sample Files page, go to the Pivot Tables section, and look for PT0036 – Show Text in Pivot Table Values Area. The zipped file is in xlsx format, and does not contain macros.


Thomas Cole: The Artist as Architect
Price AUD$39.95 Price CAD$39.00 Price €24.95 Price £19.95 Price T30.00 Price USD$30.00
First study of the role of architecture in the work of Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of American painting.
At the height of his career as the leader of the Hudson River School of American landscape painting, Thomas Cole listed himself in the New York City Directory as an architect.
Why would this renowned painter, who had never before designed a building, advertise himself as such? The importance of Cole’s paintings and the significance of his essays, poems, and philosophy are well established, yet an analysis of his architectural endeavors and their impact on his painting has not been undertaken - until now.
In celebration of the recreation of the artist’s self-designed Italianate studio at Cedar Grove in Catskill, New York, now the Thomas Cole National Historic Site, this book focuses on Cole’s architectural interests through architectural elements found in his paintings and drawings as well as in his realized and visionary projects, expanding our understanding of the breadth of his talents and interests.
An essay by noted art historian Annette Blaugrund and a contribution by Franklin Kelly, illustrated with Cole’s famous works, sketches, and architectural renderings, reveal an unexplored, yet fascinating, aspect of the career of this beloved artist—and thus, a crucial moment in the development of the Hudson River School and American art.
Published to coincide with the exhibition “Thomas Cole: The Artist as Architect” at the Thomas Cole National Historic Site and travelling to the Columbus Art Museum, the book adds a new dimension to scholarship on the artist.Specifications:
- Format: Hardback
- Size: 262 × 216 mm ( × in)
- Pages: 120 pp
- Illustrations: 65 illustrations
- ISBN: 9781580934626


Every February, many families and public places across Japan erect elaborate displays of the Emperor’s court in honor of Hina Matsuri, or Girls’ Day – celebrated on March 3rd. These displays, which originated in the Heian Period (794-1185 AD) in Japan’s history, are often multi-tiered and intricate representations of the entire court, from the traditional 5 musicians, to the
tiny little representations of the royal table complete with festival treats such as Hina Arare (sweet little rice crackers) or chirashizushi (mixed fish over rice).
Though the displays can be enjoyed across the country for most of the month of February, it is imperative that they all be taken down by March 4th, or the superstition says that the girls of the house will marry late, or won’t marry well, or something of that nature. Taking all of the intricate little pieces down and putting them away in the proper boxes for storage for a year is quite a feat. Every little hat has to be wrapped; each doll perfectly preserved, and every bit of teensy tableware stored. It’s quite an undertaking. Just when you think you have everything wrapped, then all the small boxes have to be put neatly in bigger boxes for storage – don’t forget that space is at a major premium in Japan, so everything has to be as compact as possible.
Here are a few photos of the disassembling of the Hina Matsuri display yesterday at the Nishimachi International School.


E.Cuniculi (Encephalitozoon Cuniculi) is a parasite that lives in the rabbit's body cells. It is estimated that over 50% of domestic rabbits carry this parasite but only a small percentage of these go on to develop problems...
It is only within the last 10 years that significant research into this disease has been carried out and it remains a hotly debated topic. It is a relatively rare but seriously debilitating disease which all rabbit owners should be aware of.
E.Cuniculi (Encephalitozoon Cuniculi) is a parasite – a small protozoan - that lives in the rabbit's body cells. The parasite is absorbed into the intestines and causes lesions on the kidneys, brain and other areas. It is estimated that over 50% of domestic rabbits carry this parasite but only a small percentage of these go on to develop problems. It can be passed down from a mother to her babies or through contact with other infected rabbits, humans and birds, or merely through contact with spores.
Problems occur when the parasite attacks the rabbit's nervous system. Some studies suggest that stress or other illness may trigger this but it can often appear to come out of the blue.
- convulsions or fits
- head tilt
- loss of balance
- partial paralysis
- coma or even death
Prevention / Treatment
Many vets are now recommending a worming treatment called Panacur. Dependent on opinion, a one-off course of 28 days is usually sufficient although some recommend that this be administered four times a year to prevent reinfection.
Panacur can also be used as treatment to rid the rabbit of the parasite after symptoms appear, however, it is not a treatment for the results of E. Cuniculi i.e. if your rabbit has already suffered these symptoms it will not "cure" the rabbit.
Depending on severity of symptoms, some rabbits can be nursed back to health but may be left with a permanent disability such as a head tilt.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- IPA(key): /n(j)uː ˈɔɹliːnz/, /ˈn(j)uː ɔɹˈliːnz/
- (locally) IPA(key): /nuː ˈɔɹlənz/, /ˈnɔɹlənz/
- (dated) IPA(key): /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.lɛ.ənz/, /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/
- The largest city in the State of Louisiana in the United States of America, an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.
- ^ This tetrasyllabic pronunciation is found in e.g. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Cyclopedia of Names.


From the Express Tribune:
Partaking in the Pakistan Movement was of a great historical significance for Muslim women of the subcontinent who had never participated in such a great number in any political movement. It was a befitting culmination of the reformist trends of the late nineteenth century for emancipation of Muslim women finally becoming a tangible reality.
Much before than that, the Khilafat Movement of the 1920s had been the first instance when Muslim women had made their presence felt in the political arena. With Maulana Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali Johar in jail, their mother Bi Amman, had taken up the cudgels against British imperialism with assistance from her daughter-in-law. She addressed large meetings from behind the curtains and traveled to various parts of India to garner support.
Pakistan Movement, when born, followed a similar trend. Women came to symbolize the struggle for a separate homeland and made immense contributions to the effort through their enthusiasm for social uplift and by demonstrating qualities of leadership, sincerity, intellect, courage and resolve.


Papers, I think as long as college students, they are written. But do you know the source of the paper? Academic writing is very important, it is a personal measure academic level and an important symbol of scientific research ability. In the academic paper writing, topic selection and selection is the first important problem. Scientific research practice has proved that only chose a meaningful topic, is likely to receive better results, write a valuable academic papers. So academic papers and material selection of topics, research work is carried out before the significant step, preparation is necessary. Here introduce you to the origin of the paper.
Questions about paper origin can be said to be debated, there is much to be said on both shiva said shiva. One of the most interesting is said: imitation said. Imitation is one of the most ancient theory of paper origin . It holds that the fundamental difference between people and animals are good and imitate,. Democritus thought, the thesis originated from the imitation of nature: "what have we learnt from the spider weaving and sewing, from the swallow has learned to build a house, from the swan and orioles singing bird learns to sing." This reflects the ancient people not only make the origin of primitive art, and the occurrence of all the human wisdom and strength, are seen as a natural inspiration and imitation of nature. Aristotle, on the basis of further pointed out that imitation is human nature.
Imitate said not only advocate art is the imitation of nature, but also emphasize art is the social life, including people's true feelings. Is art an imitation of natural and social reality theory, has been the belief in the basic principles of traditional realism. The paper as a kind of literature and art, also it is easy to know the paper origin .


Epictetus (Greek: Ἐπίκτητος) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey), and lived in Rome until his exile to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he lived most of his life and died. His teachings were noted down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses. Philosophy, he taught, is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond our control, but we can accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. Individuals, however, are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline. Suffering arises from trying to control what is uncontrollable, or from neglecting what is within our power. As part of the universal city that is the universe, human beings have a duty to care for all fellow humans. The person who followed these precepts would achieve happiness.
There is only one way to happiness, and that is to cease worrying about things which are beyond the power of our will.
It is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows.
We are disturbed not by events, but by the views which we take of them.
First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do.


International competitions in archery are regulated under the rules of the International Archery Federation (FITA).
The 1440 round:
36 arrows at each distance of 90, 70, 50, 30 meters for men and 70, 60, 50, 30 meters for women. This makes a maximum score of 1440 points. A target face of 122 cm is used for the two longer distances and a face of 80 cm is used for the two shorter distances.
The 900 round:
30 arrows at the distances 60, 50, 40 meters for both men and women. The 122 cm face is used for all distances.
Indoor archery is shot at the distances 18 and 25 meters.
Field Archery is shot in the countryside with the targets placed on a path. The distances are a mixture of known and unknown. You shoot at different angels, both uphill and downhill
3D Archery is shot at 3 dimensional animal imitational targets.
Archery is an ideal sport for people with disabilities. They compete in different categories depending if they sit in a wheelchair or not. Archery is a sport in the Paralympics.
Ski Archery is a combination of Archery and Nordic cross-country skiing.
Run Archery is a new type of archery competition. It combines cross-country running with archery. Ski-archers often compete in this discipline during the summer.
Very simple rules in this discipline: Shoot as long distance as you can.
Clout you shoot a long distance and the target zone is on the ground.
Archery is also an Olympic sport and a special round is designed for the Olympics:
The Olympic round in archery
The Archers first shoot 72 arrows at 70 meters, and the 64 best archers are placed in a match-play ladder. Number one meets number 64 and so on. In the match-play the archers just shoot 12 arrows each match.


How to convert 30600 foot to meters?
|30600 ft *||0.3048 m||= 9326.88 m|
A common question is How many foot in 30600 meter? And the answer is 100393.700787 ft in 30600 m. Likewise the question how many meter in 30600 foot has the answer of 9326.88 m in 30600 ft.
How much are 30600 feet in meters?
30600 feet equal 9326.88 meters (30600ft = 9326.88m). Converting 30600 ft to m is easy. Simply use our calculator above, or apply the formula to change the length 30600 ft to m.
30600 ft in Meter, 30600 Foot in m, 30600 Feet in Meter, 30600 ft to m, 30600 ft in m, 30600 Foot to Meters, 30600 Foot to Meter, 30600 Foot in Meter, 30600 Feet in Meters,


World Civilization 1
Primary Source Paper
Monks: St. Benedict's Holy Rule
In the 4th and 5th century religious men and women looked for escape from the new Christian-Imperial, which they viewed as the corrupt and decaying society of Egypt, Syria-Palestine, and Anatolia. These fugitives were referred to as the "Desert Elders." They all had a desire to live the spirit of the Gospels alone with their God. This so called flight into the desert was considered by many the foundation of Christian monasticism. The first Desert Elders, usually made of hermits also referred to as anchorites, lived solitary lives. Overtime these hermits banned together into communities. The members of these communities were referred to no longer as hermits, but now as cenobites. The end of the 6th century showed the cenobitic community to be the Christian monastic norm in the East and West, though the hermits were never totally disbanded. Whether cenobite or anchorite, these monks were dedicated to worshipping and seeking God away from the distractions of the world.
The world was not as eager to let go of the monks. They were viewed as living Christian heroes. Monks in accordance with the Christian call to save and transform the world have been known to offer their lives as agents of divine grace. Monks have never been a significant percentage of the population, but they became folk heroes of such magnitude, that they were responsible for turning Christianity into a mass religion. The document that I read researched the two major forms of monasticism that took shape in the West during the 5th and 6th centuries. These groups played an extremely important role in the eventual transformation of Western civilization.
During the 4th and 5th centuries Christian monasticism spread into western Europe from the eastern Mediterranean. The monastic organization of these monasteries in the west varied. Usually following their own rules of adapting rule's from neighboring houses that they...
Please join StudyMode to read the full document


ATKINSON, M.T. ... et al, 2006. Making the mainstream accessible: more than a game. IN: 1st World Conference for Fun 'n Games, June 26-28, Preston, UK.
Accessible gaming provides a means of social integration for disabled people. As the gameplay and technology gap with the mainstream narrows, more complex forms of interaction between players are supported. Some important challenges in providing accessible communication and coordination between players in multiplayer settings are discussed, as well as a number of fringe issues such as integration with online gaming communities. We also demonstrate the potential benefits of using the techniques developed for use in areas use in areas including education covering the potential benefits to both disabled and non-disabled users. The work is discussed within the context of other projects in this and related areas.
This conference paper was delivered at the 1st World Conference for Fun 'n Games (FNG 2006): http://www.chici.org/fng2006/index.htm


It's back-to-school time. The Quizlet staff has been working hard all summer to add new features to the site.
For Quizletters who have been away all summer, here's a quick tour of what's new.
New Study Mode - SPELLER
Speller is our newest study mode where you type what you hear. It's like a traditional spelling bee, but better, because if you misspell a word Speller will show you what was incorrect and let you try again.
It works great for foreign language study, pronunciation, vocabulary, and learning how to spell difficult words. Check out our Speller FAQ post for a full description.
Audio - Now in 18 Languages!
We've added 13 more languages to our audio offerings, bringing the total to 18! In addition to English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, we now have everything from French and German to Arabic and Turkish.
Audio works with our study modes, too, like Speller, Learn, and Flashcard mode.
You can see the full list of languages at our Audio FAQ.
Improved Create Flashcards Page
Making flashcards on Quizlet just got easier and faster thanks to some changes to the Make Flashcards page.
Find our more on our Improved Create Flashcards Page blog post.
Edit Flashcards Faster
You can now edit flashcards directly from the main Flashcard page. No need to click on "edit this set" anymore for small changes.
Read a full description on our Edit Flashcards blog post.
We're continuing to work on a new multi-player study game, versions of Quizlet in additional languages, and enhanced mobile options.


The national network of Clean Cities coalitions is celebrating 25 years of success in shaping the transportation system of the future. Nearly 100 coalitions nationwide forge local partnerships among public and private sector stakeholders to bolster our nation’s energy and economic security by championing affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies. The U.S. Department of Energy designated the first Clean Cities coalition in 1993, and the Greater New Haven Clean Cities Coalition has been a key contributor in Connecticut since its founding in 1995.
Through a combination of projects focused on increasing vehicle efficiency, shifting to domestic energy sources, and offering consumers additional transportation choices, Clean Cities coalitions have achieved a cumulative impact in energy use equal to nearly 8 billion gasoline gallon equivalents and avoided more than 42 million tons of emissions. GNHCCC and our stakeholders have led the charge in New Haven county, resulting in an energy impact of 3.4 million gasoline gallon equivalents in 2017 alone.
After a quarter century, the mission of the Clean Cities coalitions is as relevant as ever. Coalitions are leaders in connecting fleets with the information, tools, contacts, and technical expertise they need to understand what alternative fuel vehicles, fueling infrastructure, new mobility solutions, and transportation technologies may be right for them.
Learn more about the Clean Cities coalition history and work to strengthen our nation’s energy, environmental, and economic security in the interactive map below.
Watch MotorWeek videos on the Clean Cities YouTube channel to hear from coalition partners, and discover some of their most impactful transportation projects over the years.
See how coalitions and their partners forge positive community change that adds up to make a big difference in the Clean Cities Coalition Accomplishments infographic.


Narrative point of view: the perspective (or type of personal or non-personal “lens”) through which a story is communicated.
Narrative voice: the format (or type presentational form) through which a story is communicated.
Narrative time: the grammatical placement of the story’s time-frame in the past, the present, or the future.
We want to create a sense of intimacy, of being in the character’s head. One way to do that is to use stream of consciousness, a narrative mode that offers a first-person perspective by attempting to replicate the thought processes as well as the actions and spoken words of the narrative character.
This device incorporates interior monologues and inner desires or motivations, as well as pieces of incomplete thoughts that are expressed to the audience but…
View original post 685 more words


Electric motors have to be supplied with more energy than they need to do their job because they require a certain amount of electricity just to maintain the necessary magnetic field. This ‘extra’ power is known as reactive (or magnetizing) power, and while utility companies provide a limited amount of it for free, customers with high reactive power loads are paying for electricity that is not doing any useful work.
The challenge is to reduce the amount of wasted energy and achieve the most efficient use of the electricity being bought.
An electric motor that is not doing any work will generally show a value between 25% and 30% of full load current because of the continuous demand for magnetising current.
The reactive power (kvar) used by equipment such as transformers, electric induction motors, welding units, computer servers and lighting systems also adds additional load to generators, transmission lines, transformers, switchgear and cables and waste a great deal of energy through heat dissipation.
Capacitance is also considered to be a reactive power component but in fact its impact in an electrical circuit is to neutralise or compensate for the reactive power. PFC capacitors offset a proportion of the reactive power drawn from the supply to make your company’s power usage more efficient and saving your business money on energy bills.
Without capacitors connected the motors draw active and reactive power and the transformer is fully loaded. With appropriately rated capacitors connected in parallel with the motors, the reactive power drawn from the supply is neutralised and the transformer only feeds active power.
This eliminates the reactive power charges as well as reducing the load on the system and potentially extending the life of components. Because power capacitors have no moving parts, maintenance is minimal. They are also electrically efficient, so their use on a network does not significantly increase the active power requirement.


How to Calculate the Required Return on Stocks
Original post by Mark Kennan of Demand Media
If you are investing with a specified goal in mind, such as saving for retirement or your child's college education, you can calculate the required rate of return for stocks so that you will achieve your savings goal. When you know your required rate of return, you can target your investments. For example, if you need a lower rate, you can target less risky investments, but if you need a higher rate of return, you may be willing to accept a higher risk level.
Divide the desired ending value by the amount of money you are going to invest in stocks. For example, if you have $10,000 to invest and you want it to grow to $21,000 in 12 years, divide $21,000 by $10,000 to get 2.1.
Calculate the quotient of 1 divided by the years before you need your stocks to grow to the expected value. In this example, divide 1 by 12 to get 0.083333.
Raise the ratio of the expected stock value to current stock value to the Step 3 result with a calculator. Enter the ratio, push the power button (sometimes a "^" or "x^y"), enter the Step 3 result and push equals. In this example, raise 2.1 to the 0.833333 power to get 1.8557. .
Subtract 1 from the result to find the required annual rate of return on the stock. In this example, subtract 1 from 1.8557 to get 0.8557, meaning your required rate of return equals 8.56 percent.
- Stanford University; CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate); Michael Fan; 2006
- Investopedia; Understanding the Time Value of Money; Shauna Carther; September 1, 2008
- Purple Math: Exponential Functions: Compound Interest
About the Author
Mark Kennan is a freelance writer specializing in finance-related articles. He has worked as a sports editor for "Ring-Tum Phi" and published articles on a number of online outlets. Kennan holds a Bachelor of Arts in history and politics from Washington and Lee University.
- Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images


When you write a check, it is your responsibility to make sure the amount is accurate, and cannot be altered. You must enter the amount in two spaces on the check: one space is for the numerical figure, and the other is spelt out in words. In both cases, it's important to follow a specific format.
Locate the line on the right side of the check that begins with a dollar ("$") sign, next to the "Pay to the Order of" line.
Write "15,000," and then write the "10" smaller, higher, and to the right, with a slash and a "100" to indicate that it is ten cents out of a hundred: "10/100." This number should begin as close to the dollar sign as possible, so that no one can add another number in front of the amount.
Locate the line in the middle of the check, beneath the "Pay to the Order of" line, and with "Dollars" printed on the far right.
Write "Fifteen thousand and 10/100" on the line, starting on the far left. If there is a blank space between the "10/100" and the printed word "Dollars," draw a wavy line to fill the space so that no one can tamper with the amount.


A huge 9,000-strong colony of emperor penguins has been discovered in Antarctica after scientists spotted their poo trails in satellite images. The massive emperor penguin colony had never ever encountered humans until researchers found them on Antarctica’s Princess Ragnhild Coast.
“When you arrive, they just come to see you, to watch you, to turn around you. The penguins - and especially the emperors — they are so human. They’re so cute,” Hubert said. Since the penguins had never encountered humans, Hubert says they weren’t scared, just curious.Hubert and his team live at the research station during the Antarctic summer and are focused on studying climate change, not penguins.
After they encountered a number of emperor penguins, they were convinced that a colony must be close by. They decided to make the treacherous 48 km trip east to the sea ice. “First of all, you have to imagine you’re in the middle of nowhere - without any visibility, with complete whiteout after 24 hours driving on the ice — you go down to the sea,” observed Hubert.
After navigating their way to the sea, they searched for hours and found more penguins than they had ever imagined. Hubert says that seeing so many animals huddled together was like being on another planet.
The Daily Galaxy via NPR and http://www.deccanherald.com
Image credit: NSF


The conflict that took place in the 1790’s between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists made a huge impact on American History. Alexander Hamilton led the Federalists and focused mainly on the city businesses as well as manufacturing interests of the seaports. On the other side, the Anti-Federalists whom were led by Thomas Jefferson represented the rural farmers and southern interests. With the Federalists favoring more federal involvement and the anti-federalists advocating states rights, this debate between the two concerned the central government versus that of the states.
Alexander Hamilton, one of the most important people of the time, was the first Secretary of the Treasury. Utilizing federal power to modernize the nation, he convinced Congress to use an elastic interpretation of the Constitution to pass laws that Jefferson deemed unconstitutional. These laws included federal assumption of the state debts, creation of a national bank, and a system of taxes through a tariff on imports and a tax on whiskey. Hamilton was also the creator of the Federalist Party. In contrast, Thomas Jefferson was born to a wealthy family but was nonetheless an anti-federalist. He was sympathetic towards the poor people and advocated state’s rights.
Although Jefferson often showed a strong dislike for the Federalist laws and programs, when he took office he left many of the Federalist programs intact, and except for revoking the excise tax, the Hamiltonian system was mostly left as it was. However, this act of Jefferson’s went against many of the political beliefs held by his party and himself. Jefferson and Hamilton’s philosophies differed greatly in that Jefferson adhered to a weak central government, with most of the power in the hands of the states. He believed that the federal government’s power should be restrained and limited, so that it would not be able to become tyrannical or try and undermine the power of the states and the people. Also, Jefferson’s...
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America was once a country of great realists and pragmatists. This came from the harshness of the environment, the many dangers of frontier life. We had to become keen observers of everything going on around us to survive. In the nineteenth century, such a way of looking at the world led to innumerable inventions, the accumulation of wealth, and the emergence of our country as a great power. But with this growing power, the environment no longer pressed upon us so violently, and our character began to change.
Reality came to be seen as something to avoid. Secretly and slowly we developed a taste for escape- from our problems, from work, from the harshness of life Our culture began to manufacture endless fantasies for us to consume. And fed on such illusions, we became easier to deceive, since we no longer had a mental barometer for distinguishing fact from fiction.
This is a dynamic that has repeated itself throughout history. Ancient Rome began as a small city state. Its citizens were tough and stoic. They were famous for their pragmatism. But as they moved from being a republic to an empire and their power expanded, everything reversed itself. Their citizens' minds hungered for newer and newer forms of escape. They lost all sense of proportion - petty political battles consumed their attention more than much larger dangers on the outskirts of the empire. The empire fell well before the invasion of the barbarians. It collapsed from the collective softness of its citizens' minds and the turning of their back on reality.
"The 50th Law", 50 Cent and Robert Greene


SCIENTISTS have developed a simple DNA blood test which they claim can predict obesity levels in children as they grow up, it has been revealed.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have found that the test, which is carried out when a child is five years old, can predict how much body fat they will have when they are 14. The test checks a gene that regulates fat storage in the body.
Dr Graham Burdge, of the University of Southampton said: “We hope that this knowledge will help us to develop and test new ways to prevent children developing obesity which can be introduced before a child starts to gain excess weight. However, our findings now need to be tested in larger groups of children.”
The study, which also involved Exeter and Plymouth universities, is published in the journal Diabetes.
The researchers used DNA samples from 40 children who took part in the EarlyBird project, which studied 300 children in Plymouth from the age of five until they were 14.


When you want to bring back something to the way it was, the undo key works. But, if you really want to do it with style, that is where the History brush key comes into play. With the history brush you can draw in the original state of an image, one brush stroke at a time. With the use of some unique brushes, you can add some groovy effects to the image as well.
This article is part of the groovyPost Teaches Photoshop Basics series.
Step 1 – Open An Image
Just like in the last tutorial, we’ll need to start off with an appropriate picture. For this one I will go with the hot air balloons you saw before.
Step 2 – Make Some Changes To The Image
Now let’s make some changes to the image. For instance, I will remove the big balloon using the content-aware fill that we used in the previous tutorial.
Step 3 – Select A History Brush Source
Go to your History Panel and find a step where the balloon (or whatever object you edited or removed) still existed and click on the small square in front of that step to select it as a History Brush source.
Step 4- Use The History Brush Tool
Now pick up the History Brush Tool and simply start painting over the are where the balloon (or whatever object you removed or edited) was located. You will see that the object will start to re-appear at the areas where you paint over.
Step 4- Using The Art History Brush Tool
First of all, press Ctrl+Z to roll back to the previous state of the image (before you used the history brush tool).
Now pick up your Art History Brush Tool and do the same as we did with the regular history brush tool – simply paint over the area of the object. The results will be amazing. (Quick Tip – experiment, with the Style drop-down menu at the top to find out which effect works best for you):
That’s it now you know one more key technique to use when working with Photoshop. Stay with us for even more Photoshop tutorials and tips!


Do you normally find that many of your GCSE students overuse the same adjectives? I do! It is not all of them but there are certain students who repeat the same adjectives over and over again…
We want all of our students to get the best possible grade so why don’t we help them to add variety when they write and talk? Why don’t we give them a list of adjectives and encourage them to use 4/5 new adjectives which they haven’t used before? We need to insist!!! We can also praise them when they try something new!!!
So… I have created this list of 40 positive and negative adjectives which hopefully will help them to have better range, to be a bit more adventurous!
Not only they can use this list for writing and speaking tasks but they can also learn these adjectives for listening and reading questions which test them on positive and negative opinions.
You can now print this list off for your students and they can use it as a reference at any time 🙂 Hope you start seeing some improvements 😉
Variety is essential, let’s promote it!


Coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. Photo Credit: Paul Marshall
A new study has predicted that if current trends continue and the world fails to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nearly all of the world’s coral reefs, including many in the Caribbean, will suffer severe bleaching — the gravest threat to one of the Earth’s most important ecosystems — on annual basis.
The finding is part of a study funded by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and partners, which reviewed new climate change projections to predict which corals will be affected first and at what rate.
The report is published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports. Researchers found that the reefs in Taiwan and the Turks and Caicos archipelago will be among the first to experience annual bleaching, followed by reefs off the coast of Bahrain, in Chile and in French Polynesia.
Calling the predictions “a treasure trove”…
View original post 177 more words


A new edition of this text is available here
AUTHORS: Brase/Brase - ©2012
UNDERSTANDABLE STATISTICS: CONCEPTS AND METHODS, Tenth Edition, is a thorough, yet accessible program designed to help you overcome any apprehensions you may have about statistics. The authors provide clear guidance and informal advice while showing you the links between statistics and the world. To reinforce this approach--and make the material interesting as well as easier to understand--the book integrates real-life data from a variety of sources, including journals, periodicals, newspapers, and the Internet. You'll also have opportunities to develop your critical thinking and statistical literacy skills through special features and exercises throughout the text. Interactive online resources offer you extra study assistance and tutorial support--including step-by-step video solutions--outside of class. The use of graphing calculators, Excel®, MINITAB®, and SPSS® is covered though not required.
CengageBrain offers two types of free content:
The amount and type of free content available will depend on whether the book comes with a companion web site or CourseMate. To get started accessing your content, click the "access now" button. You can either access your content immediately or save it to My Home.


An In-Depth Study of Two Related Parts of Speech
Noun lessons cover noun phrases, noun clauses, gerunds, and appositives. The adjective lessons cover suffixes, proper vs. common, compound and hyphenated adjectives, and comparative vs. superlative.
Includes 24 lessons, two tests, and an answer key.
Middle school, high school. Reproducible. 31 pages.
Unit Download: PDF. Adobe® Reader® required to view PDF.
Print Unit: Loose-leaf paper. 8 x 11 inches. Plastic storage envelope.


Posted on 12 September 2011 by Valdeep Gill, Research Director
Suicide arguably remains one of the last taboos. The stigma and myths attached to suicide - and mental illness more generally - can prevent people from telling others about how they feel and seeking help. World Suicide Prevention Day, held every year on the 10th of September, promotes a worldwide commitment to the prevention of suicides and the reduction of stigma. Valdeep Gill discusses our Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study and related findings on people's experiences of suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide.
Read the rest of this entry
APMS, Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, suicide, stigma, taboos


Date: 20 NOVEMBER 2020 (Friday)
Classes: 4UPM, 4UTM, 4USM
Topic: Get Active
1.Open Year 4 textbook page 102. Do Exercise 1. Find the meanings of all words in the yellow box in a dictionary.
2. Complete all 8 sentences with suitable words from the yellow box.
Note: Write down your answers on a piece of blank paper NOT in Buku Latihan. Then keep them in a file.
Snap a picture of your answers and send to Sir Nabil by WhatsApp (011-28845108).
IMPORTANT: These are sample answers but first you must answer all the questions by yourself.


This observatory came about because of a dream of one man, Griffith J. Griffith. Yes, his first and last names were the same. He made his fortune in silver mines and real estate in the late 1800's. He purchased this hilltop land for his home and later decided to donate over 3,000 acres (1,214+ hectares) of it to the city of Los Angeles to build a public park. Later, he donated $100,000 to the city to build an observatory in 1912, but due to many delays, it wasn't completed until 1930 and unfortunately, Griffith never got to see his dream fulfilled when he passed away in 1919.
His and his wife, Susan's, contribution to the observatory, gave name to this theater.
A 20-minute film shown daily called "The Once and Future Griffith Observatory" narrated by Mr. Nimoy should not missed if you ever happened to visit.
During my visit, I swear everyone who passed by wanted a picture with him.
If I recall correctly, the reason for his pose states that merely placing a finger inches away from your eyes, you would have covered thousands if not millions of stars in the night sky.
Many movies have been filmed on this land, but the classic 1955 movie "Rebel Without a Cause" starring James Dean was the first one to portray the observatory and contribute positively to the observatory's international reputation.
Have you seen a movie that was filmed here? If you are not sure, check out this list.


Sources: Press release, PLoS Biology paper
The overall goal of the project
(see previous news
) is to identify and understand the functional regions of the human genome – a task that grows in magnitude as more is learned about the complexity of regulation and control of the genome. Gene-coding regions represent a very small proportion of the whole human genome sequence; it is not yet known what proportion regulatory regions comprise, although more than two million potential elements have already been identified by the project.
Released in PLoS Biology, the new guide to the resources and data arising from the ENCODE project details completion of the mapping of two major groups of genomic elements: all gene sequences (both coding genes that specify proteins, and non-coding genes that specify functional RNA molecules), and all regions known to control gene expression.
ENCODE researchers are working to combine their findings with those from other major research initiatives such as the 1000 Genomes project (see previous news) and the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics program (see previous news). Their hope is that combining data on functional genomic elements with information about genetic and epigenetic variation and different human phenotypes will improve our understanding of the relationships between genetics, health and disease. The overview provides examples of how these data can be used to interpret human genome data such as associations between genetic variants and diseases, and guide further research.
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Oregon Trail 5th Edition is the 2002 release of the Oregon Trail game first released in 1974 for use in schools. The game is used as an educational tool to teach United States history, particularly about the real-life struggles of the early pioneers who traveled on the Oregon Trail to establish the first communities that would become the American nation. In this game, players take on the role of the leader of a wagon party on the Oregon Trail. Along the way they will meet other people and go through challenges such as bad weather, sickness, and lack of food and water.
Players will have to make several decisions and accomplish various tasks to make sure that their wagon party will make it through the trail successfully. The tasks include crossing rivers, hunting for food, avoiding dysentery, and taking care of the sick. The game features puzzles and activities that build the players’ logical reasoning, reading comprehension, problem solving, and even budget management skills. The game shows the travel statistics, temperature, number of miles traveled, remaining cash, wagon weight, morale level, and actions such as trade, gather, turn, and hunt. In addition to knowing the history of the Oregon Trail, students will also learn how to read and use maps, follow directions, work with a team, and make smart, life-saving decisions.
Oregon Trail 5th Edition comes with new graphics, characters, an improved interface, and 3D environments.


These guidelines can help you choose a safe trampoline and set it up so that your child can use it safely:
- Always use safety padding to cover the frame and springs. Even better, look for a trampoline with a safety net installed around the sides.
- Check regularly that the mat and net don’t have holes, springs are intact and securely attached at both ends, frame isn’t bent, and leg braces are locked.
- Create a safe, clear area of 2.5 m around the trampoline with a soft surface, like grass, just in case your child does fall. Or you could set the trampoline in a pit in the ground. Make sure the area around and underneath the trampoline is free from hazards like fences or garden furniture.
- Make sure there’s plenty of clear space above the trampoline, so there’s no risk of your child jumping up into trees, clothes lines or wires.
Safe trampoline use
Safe trampoline use starts with some simple precautions:
- Wait until your child is older than six years before getting a trampoline.
- Make sure that only one child uses the trampoline at a time.
- Always supervise your child on the trampoline. Younger children are more prone to serious injury.
- Keep toddlers away while the trampoline is in use.
- Let your child use the trampoline only when the mat is dry.
Rules for having fun and staying safe in the trampoline
These simple rules can help your child learn to have fun on the trampoline and stay safe at the same time:
- Jump in the centre of the mat.
- Jump with bare feet (no shoes).
- Avoid somersaults, because these can cause neck and spinal injuries.
- Don’t bounce off the trampoline net.
- Climb off the trampoline. Don’t jump off.


But recently, after the latest Google redesign of the results page, this dictionary link to search words has been removed completely along with the blue bar on the search results page where the link resided.
A dictionary is still available but now it just is a little harder to find.
There are actually two ways to access a dictionary from Google and they give different results.
- Google Dictionary
The more thorough dictionary which is available in multiple languages. Google's Dictionary gives:
- Verbal Pronunciation
- Related Phrases
- Usage Examples
- Definitions found on various websites
- A Dropdown box for other languages
- Define:genealogy Using the Google searchbox, type the operator define: followed by the word you want to look up in the dictionary (with no spaces between define: and the word ). Google will give:
- Related Phrases
- Web Definitions
I find many words in my genealogy research that are not in common usage today and the Google defne operator is all I need. Some examples:
- Define:rod (a measurement I found in an old will which described the size of a plot of land ) The rod is a unit of length equal to 5.5 yards, 5.0292 metres, 16.5 feet, or of a statute mile. A rod is the same length as a perch and a pole
- Define:teamster (an occupation of an ancestor in the 1870 census)
- Define:apoplexy (cause of death found in an 1890 obituary)
Stroke: a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
The driver of a team of horses doing hauling
When the define: operator does not give enough information, the thorough Google Dictionary is now available. I've actually found no links to the Google Dictionary from the Google website, so it is best to bookmark it.


(fourth grade) Math Problem:
A mother is 25 years older than her son.
In 7 years, the mother will be 5 times older than her son.
Where is the son's father?
Let the child's age be c years and the mother's age be m years.
Now, m = c + 25.
In 7 years, m + 7 = 5 * (c + 7).
Substituting the first equation into the second one, we get
c + 32 = 5c + 35, from which 4c = -3, or c = -0.75.
So the child is minus nine months old, therefore the father is most probably in the mother.


A global assessment of the conservation status of the nominate subspecies of Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus
47 – 61
26 August 14
Martijn van de Pol, Phil W. Atkinson, Jan Blew, Olivia Crowe, Simon Delany, Olivier Duriez, Bruno J. Ens, Bernd Hälterlein, Herman Hötker, Karsten Laursen, Kees Oosterbeek, Aevar Petersen, Ole Thorup, Kathleen Tjorve, Patrick Triplet, Pierre Yésou
Martijn van de Pol
Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
The nominate subspecies of Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus is the most abundant of all oystercatchers and the best studied. The main breeding and wintering areas are centered on the North Sea, but the distribution covers the European Atlantic coast to as far south as Ghana in western Africa. Population size increased strongly from the 1960s to 1990s to over one million birds. Although part of this expansion may have been caused by an ongoing successful adaptation to breeding inland, the main driving forces behind this increase are not well understood. Subsequently, the population size decreased substantially by about 200,000 individuals, mainly due to strong decreases in the Dutch-German-Danish Wadden Sea area. The decrease in the Netherlands is attributed largely to overexploitation by mechanical shell-fisheries; additional factors such as agricultural intensification and reduced eutrophication are likely to also have contributed. The causes for the decreases in Germany and Denmark are less well understood and urgently require further study. In other areas numbers are fairly stable or increasing, but good data for the Nordic countries are lacking. The global (and national) conservation status of H. o. ostralegus is classified as of ‘Least Concern’. We discuss other threats, such as habitat loss, climate change, hunting and human disturbance, and make prioritized recommendations for research and management.


The Bolivia Reader: History, Culture, Politics
Luis Rico, Sinclair Thomson, 2018. "Travails of the Migrant", The Bolivia Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Sinclair Thomson, Rossana Barragán, Xavier Albó, Seemin Qayum, Mark Goodale
Download citation file:
In 1982, the countryside of northern Potosí was hit by a devastating drought. Many indigenous peasants were forced to leave their arid fields and communities and migrate in search of new livelihoods. The song below—written by Luis Rico in the rhythmic tinku style of the traditional music of the region—tells the story of one such young migrant. In the city, he resorts to begging, playing music for money, and carrying loads in the market. Like many highland peasants in this period, he travels as an agricultural settler (colonizador) to the subtropical lowlands, where land was available, but where highlanders also faced arduous tropical heat and disease. He ends up being recruited to stomp coca leaves, as part of the clandestine processing of cocaine paste, and consuming cocaine in order to keep up the intensive work-rhythm, before he leaves it all behind.


The production of pulp from hardwood species has due to morphological structure
and chemical composition of wood various production cost ratio. The aim of this paper is to
quantify the cost ratio of production costs and monitor the development of costs in the
production of beech pulp, oak pulp and their mixture. Costs have been generated not only in
consideration of the entry price of wood raw material, but also due to the required technical
and technological parameters, which is necessary to keep during the production of pulp.


Sink or Float?
View the Brainpop Jr. video Sink or Float via SMART Board, laptop, or iPad app: http://www.brainpopjr.com/science/forces/sinkorfloat/preview.weml
The video explains the basic principles of sinking and floating.
Students complete a graphic organizer and define the words: sink, float, heavy, and light.
2 Direct Instruction
View and participate in the Sesame Stree interactive: http://downloads.cdn.sesame.org/ss/multi-bitrate/05200090013MP4/05200090013MP4_HD750K.mp4
Students view the Tubes Sink or Float video, make predictions, and test their hypotheses.
- plastic bin
- paper towel tubes
3 Guided Practice
4 Independent Practice
Students make predictions, test objects, record their observations and conclusions.
Students can work in partnerships, small groups, or individually.
- plastic container
- ping-pong balls
- plastic spoons
Students use the Book Creator if iPad app to take photos and videos of their experiment.
Students create a book incorporating images, video, and audio recordings as well as typed words to document their process and scientific investigation.


2017 was the warmest year on record for the global ocean according to an updated ocean analysis from Institute of Atmospheric Physics/Chinese Academy of Science (IAP/CAS).
The oceans in the upper 2000 m were 1.51 × 1022 J warmer than the second warmest year of 2015 and 19.19 × 1022 J above the 1981-2010 climatological reference period. Owing to its large heat capacity, the ocean accumulates the warming derived from human activities; indeed, more than 90% of Earth's residual heat related to global warming is absorbed by the ocean. As such, the global ocean heat content record robustly represents the signature of global warming and is impacted less by weather-related noise and climate variability such as El Niño and La Niña events. According to the IAP ocean analysis, the last five years have been the five warmest years in the ocean. Therefore, the long-term warming trend driven by human activities continued unabated.
The increase in ocean heat content for 2017 occurred in most regions of the world (Figure). The human greenhouse gas footprint continues to impact the Earth system. Increases in ocean temperature cause ocean volume expansion, which contributes to the global mean sea level rise. The increase in ocean heat of 1.51 × 1022 J in 2017 resulted in a 1.7 mm sea global level rise. Other consequences include declining ocean oxygen, bleaching of coral reefs, and melting sea ice and ice shelves.
The study has just been published as early online release in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences.


You must login before you can run this tool.
Response of the output units in a 20-by-10 network trained using the SOM to form a tonotopic map. The 20,broadly tuned input units provide a distributed encoding of the frequency of stimulated sounds(as shown for two frequencies within the range in Figure 5.10). The responses of each of the 10 output units to this input at every test frequency are plotted in two-dimensions with overlain curves(A), One for each output unit, or with curves that are spread out in a three-dimensional contour plot(B).
Anastasio, Thomas J. Tutorial on Neural Systems Modeling. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2010. Print.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


Here’s another puzzle to get you thinking as we move into the weekend. David Hunt, PGCE Computer Science Subject Leader in the School of Education, has this time devised a word ladder themed computer coding style challenge.
A word ladder is a puzzle where you are trying to change one word into another, one letter at a time. The words you make at each stage must be valid entries in a dictionary.
For example, turning MAN into APE:-
MAN …. MAT …. OAT …. OPT …. APT …. APE
Can you change WORCS …. BOOKS …. LEARN


Data reported by the weather station: 983270 (RPMK)
Latitude: 15.16 | Longitude: 120.56 | Altitude: 196
Weather Clark Ab
|Main||Year 1981 climate||Select a month|
To calculate annual averages, we analyzed data of 365 days (100% of year).
If in the average or annual total of some data is missing information of 10 or more days, this is not displayed.
The total rainfall value 0 (zero) may indicate that there has been no such measurement and / or the weather station does not broadcast.
|Annual average temperature:||27.3°C||365|
|Annual average maximum temperature:||31.9°C||365|
|Annual average minimum temperature:||24.1°C||365|
|Annual average humidity:||69.7%||365|
|Annual total precipitation:||-||-|
|Annual average visibility:||10.9 Km||365|
|Annual average wind speed:||7.2 km/h||365|
Number of days with extraordinary phenomena.
|Total days with rain:||182|
|Total days with snow:||0|
|Total days with thunderstorm:||76|
|Total days with fog:||8|
|Total days with tornado or funnel cloud:||0|
|Total days with hail:||0|
Days of extreme historical values in 1981
The highest temperature recorded was 38°C on April 2.
The lowest temperature recorded was 18°C on January 12.
The maximum wind speed recorded was 88.9 km/h on November 24.


Definition of manatee
n. - Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; -- called alsosea cow. 2
The word "manatee" uses 7 letters: A A E E M N T.
Shorter words found within manatee:
aa ae am ama amen ament an ana ane ant anta antae ante at ate atma atman eat eaten em eme en enate enema et eta etna ma mae man mana manat mane manta mat mate me mean meant meat meet men menta met meta mete na nae nam name ne neat nee neem nema net ta tae tam tame tan tea team tee teem teen ten
List shorter words within manatee, sorted by length
All words formed from manatee by changing one letter
Browse words starting with manatee by next letter


Scientists have identified specific genes that may trigger the development of sleep problems, and have also found a genetic link between insomnia and psychiatric disorders such as depression, or physical conditions such as type 2 diabetes.
The effects insomnia has on a person's health can be debilitating and place a strain on the healthcare system, according to a study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.
Chronic insomnia goes hand in hand with various long-term health issues such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as mental illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide.
Twin studies have in the past shown that various sleep-related traits, including insomnia, are heritable, the researchers said.
"A better understanding of the molecular bases for insomnia will be critical for the development of new treatments," said Murray Stein from the University of California, San Diego in the US.
The researchers conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS). DNA samples obtained from more than 33,000 soldiers were analysed.
Data from soldiers of European, African and Latino descent were grouped separately as part of efforts to identify the influence of specific ancestral lineages.
The researchers also compared their results with those of two recent studies.
The study confirmed that insomnia has a partially heritable basis. They also found a strong genetic link between insomnia and type 2 diabetes.
Among participants of European descent, there was additionally a genetic tie between sleeplessness and major depression.
"The genetic correlation between insomnia disorder and other psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, and physical disorders such as type 2 diabetes suggests a shared genetic diathesis for these commonly co-occurring phenotypes," said Stein....


Common Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.)
An aromatic perennial forb with clusters of yellow flowers, growing to 1.5m in height. Bloom period is July to October. Flowers are button-like and yellow, in dense, flat-topped clusters at the top of the plant. Leaves are alternate and fern-like. Seed are yellow-brown with short 5-toothed crowns. Roots are rhizomatous.
LRISS Category: CONTAIN
Habitat and Ecology
Common tansy is scattered in low- to mid-elevation disturbed sites, including roadsides, stream banks, and disturbed pastures. It prefers sunny habitats with well-drained soil.
This species may be toxic to livestock; it is an undesirable forage plant. It may displace native species. It has been used as a medicinal herb, but can be toxic to people if consumed in large quantities.
The rhizomatous nature of this plant can make it difficult to eradicate. Small root fragments can produce new plants, and cut stems can go to seed. Mechanical methods (mowing and hand cutting) before flowering can be effective in eliminating seed production, but this method will have to be repeated as rootstock will re-grow. New infestations can be prevented by minimizing disturbance, eliminating seed production, and maintaining healthy native plant communities. Fire is not likely to minimize the spread of common tansy, but it can be used to dispose of cut stems and flowers. Please contact LRISS for all other treatment information.
Province of British Columbia. 2002. Guide to Weeds in British Columbia.
USDA Fire Effects Information System http://www.feis-crs.org/beta/
Photo reference: Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Our Toolkit is a summary of the research on interventions – things we can do to try and prevent violence from happening. It’s based on the best available evidence in our Evidence and Gap Map (a database of over 2,000 studies).
It doesn’t summarise the research on what causes violence or young people’s experience of violence. We’re working to develop a network of peer researchers to make sure youth voice is a core part of the evidence you can draw on.
It covers 13 approaches to preventing youth crime and violence, giving you information on:
- The average impact of the approach and the quality of evidence behind it
- How to implement the approach and make it as effective as possible
- Where you can find existing high-quality programmes
- How much it’s likely to cost
- Where we need more research
- Where to find other evidence-informed resources.
The Toolkit is based on research from around the world but highlights UK studies where available and discusses how they fit with the international picture. We’re currently investing in rapidly improving the evidence base in England and Wales.
We’ll update the Toolkit regularly to reflect changes in the evidence base and what you tell us you need. We’ll include new findings from high-quality research including YEF-funded projects, when they become available. If you have any ideas about what we should include next, email our Head of Toolkit Pete Henderson.
To find out more about how the Toolkit is developed, please see the Technical Guide.


Practickle books are chosen from the best children’s literature—the books that appear on bestseller and awards lists, with consistently high reviews.
CC Linstroth, Practickle’s founder and an educator with 40 years of experience, reads each of the books on this short list, choosing only the ones that perfectly suit the Practickle structure. These books have wonderful illustrations that match the text well; high-level content that suits educational standards; and enough content to keep young minds engaged and fascinated through all three readings.
The “three readings” method
Our proven method requires no extra time for you, but will create a deeply transformative experience! It is truly amazing to see a child engage with this method, and to observe how quickly the brain can learn and use new concepts. This all happens in the space of your normal story time, thanks to the “three readings” structure.
With every Practickle book, you will receive three reading guides, which build on each other to help your child fully comprehend and learn from each story.
The first reading guide is scripted page by page, using the information in illustrations and images to activate the listener’s prior experience and help him or her make inferences and predictions about the story elements.
The second reading guide is scripted page by page as well, focusing on the text and vocabulary (both new words and figurative language). The related questions focus on clarifying inferences and predictions from the first reading and the story elements.
The third reading guide focuses on analyzing the story or text as a whole, with big-picture questions and activities relating to character development, theme, and main idea as well as other Common Core standards-related concepts.


A 15-year-old female presents to the pediatric clinic for a routine sports exam. She is well and has no complaints. This image of her right ear is obtained. She is a curious student and asks you to identify and explain the structures seen in the image.
What structures would you choose to identify and explain?
One of the benefits of youth is that anatomy is often pristine, as in the case of this beautiful right ear image.
The ear drum (tympanic membrane, TM), separates the outer ear from the middle ear space. It is the only structure that is “outside.” The other features are “behind” the translucent eardrum in the middle ear space. Think of the eardrum as being a cloudy layer of taught saran wrap. The surface responds to sound waves by vibrating. This vibration must be turned into a signal that our brain can process.
The job of translating the vibration to the inner ear is accomplished by a chain of three tiny bones; the malleus, incus, and stapes. These are often referred to as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. The malleus is directly attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. As the eardrum vibrates, the malleus moves with the vibration. The malleus is connected to the incus and the incus to the stapes. Through these connections, the tiny movement of the eardrum is mechanically amplified and delivered to the inner ear. In the inner ear (not visible), this movement is converted to a fluid action that moves tiny hairs which create the nerve signal to the brain. It’s a beautifully engineered system.
Also visible in this image is the chorda tympani nerve. It runs behind the malleus and in front of the incus. This nerve has nothing to do with the ear, it simply borrows the middle ear space to get “where it needs to go.” It provides taste sensation from part of the tongue along with secretory signals. It’s unusual to be able to see this nerve so clearly.


College students -- Race discrimination, Racism in education, College students -- United States -- Microaggressions, Microaggressions -- Effect on student success
This study attempts to contribute to the research on how microaggressions affect performance of multiracial and monoracial college students in both social and academic realms. Microaggressions were explored through online surveys distributed via email to several hundred students. Participants consisted of students over the age of 18 at an urban institution in the Pacific Northwest. Bivariate logistical regression and axial coding were used to analyze participant responses. The first hypothesis for this study is that multiracial college students experience more microaggressions in social settings, while monoracial students experience more microaggressions in academic settings. The second hypothesis is that multiracial students experience privilege in academic settings, while monoracial students experience privilege in social settings. The final hypothesis is that the shade of skin tone of participants impact their experiences with privilege, as well as their experience of microaggressions. Researchers found that multiracial students have a higher likelihood of experiencing microaggressions in a social setting and people with darker skin tones have a higher likelihood of experiencing microaggressions in an academic setting.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
Keith, Jasmine S.
"The Impacts of Microaggressions on the Performance of Multiracial and Monoracial College Students,"
PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal:
1, Article 8.


The Dangers of Lead Exposure to Children
Although OSHA has set a permissible exposure limit for lead, numerous authorities state that "there is no known level of lead exposure that is considered safe."
Lead can be absorbed into the body through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.
Lead is a potent, systemic poison. Taken in large enough doses, it can become fatal in a matter of days. A condition called acute encephalopathy may arise which develops quickly to seizures, coma, and death from cardiorespiratory arrest. Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. It can present a broad spectrum of symptoms that range from ild, such as some memory loss or subtle personality changes, to severe, such as dementia, seizures, coma, or death.
Lead poses the greatest risk to young children, infants, and unborn babies. A dose of lead that may have little effect on an adult can have a significant effect on a child. In children, low levels of lead exposure have been linked to damage to the central and peripheral nervous system, learning disabilities, impaired hearing, and impaired formation and function of blood cells.
No safe blood lead level in children has been identified. Even low levels in the blood have been shown to affect IQ and academic achievement. Effects of this exposure cannot be corrected.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call SERVPRO® of Alamo Ranch at 210-670-9591.
Source: Restoration and Remediation Magazine 10/3/2019


Definition for terms is as follows:
(a) Arc welding: when welding is done using electrical arc between two electrodes to generate heat, it is known as arc welding.
(b) Electrical tool: when AC (alternate current) or DC (Direct current) is used to operate a tool. It is known as Electrical tool.
(c) Hydraulic tool: when hydraulic pressure is used to run a tool, it is known as hydraulic tool.
(d) Oxyacetylene welding: when welding is done by burning oxygen and acetylene together it is known as oxyacetylene welding.
(e) Pneumatic tool: when gas pressure is used to run a tool, it is known as pneumatic tool.
(f) Powder activated tool: when an explosive thing such as a gun is used to run a tool, by triggering it, it is known as powder activated tool.
(g) Power tool: when electricity is used to run a tool, it is known as power tool.
(h) Resistance welding: when a weld is created by electricity and pressure produced by the material, it is known as resistance welding.


What is Cupping?
Traditional Chinese medicine brings to mind acupuncture and the use of natural herbs as healing remedies. Cupping is a lesser-known treatment that is also part of Oriental medicine, one that can provide an especially pleasant experience. Originally, practitioners would use hollowed-out animal horns for cups, and place them over particular points or meridians. Today, most acupuncturists use cups made of thick glass or plastic, although bamboo, iron and pottery cups are still used in other countries.
Glass cups are the preferred method of delivery, because they do not break as easily as pottery or deteriorate like bamboo, and they allow the acupuncturist to see the skin and evaluate the effects of treatment. Cupping therapy is a form of alternative medicine in which cups are placed on the skin to create suction.
The cups can be made of a variety of materials, including:
Earthenware Supporters of cupping therapy believe the suction of the cups mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of medical ailments. Generally, cupping is combined with acupuncture in one treatment, but it can also be used alone. The suction and negative pressure provided by cupping can loosen muscles, encourage blood flow, and sedate the nervous system (which makes it an excellent treatment for high blood pressure).
Cupping is used to relieve back and neck pains, stiff muscles, anxiety, fatigue, migraines, rheumatism, and even cellulite. For weight loss and cellulite treatments, oil is first applied to the skin, and then the cups are moved up and down the surrounding area. This treatment is also valuable for the lungs, and can clear congestion from a common cold or help to control a person’s asthma. In fact, respiratory conditions are one of the most common maladies that cupping is used to relieve. Three thousand years ago, in the earliest Chinese documentation of cupping, it was recommended for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.


Comparing: T2 Light Tank vs. D1 vs. Vickers Mk. E Type B
The M2 prototype with Vickers suspension. After trials in 1934, the tank was sent for redesign, as the performance of the suspension was not sufficient. The tank never saw mass production.
Development was started in 1929. Mass production was launched in 1930, with 160 vehicles manufactured by 1935. A total of 152 tanks fought in France. Eighteen vehicles were captured by the German Army and used for training purposes.
Developed in 1928 by J. V. Carden and V. Loyd. The vehicle never entered service in Great Britain. However, it was exported to other countries, including China. In 1937, twenty vehicles of this type fought against Japanese troops at Shanghai. Soviet Vickers-based T-26 vehicles were also exported to China, and 82 vehicles of that type were deployed in South China and Birma in 1941–1942.
|Tank data page||Tank data page||Tank data page||Tank data page|
|Battle Tiers||2 3 4||2 3||2 3|
|Speed Limit||72 km/h||28 km/h||35 km/h|
|Speed Limit Back||20 km/h||12 km/h||15 km/h|
|Horse power / weight|
|Max Climb Angle|
|Hard terrain resistance|
|Medium terrain resistance|
|Soft terrain resistance|
|Damage (Explosion radius)|
|Damage / min|
|Rate of Fire|
|Stationary||17.00 %||13.00 %||16.00 %|
|In motion||15.00 %||8.50 %||13.10 %|
|When Firing||3.82 %||4.46 %||3.96 %|
|Accuracy||42.9427 %||33.2258 %||37.3301 %|
|Neto Credits Income||-858.719||1634.5||23.5941|
|Winrate||47.6388 %||45.3003 %||42.9025 %|
|Kills per Battle||0.351429||0.189485||0.292333|
|More stats @ vbaddict.net||More stats||More stats||More stats|


Scientists have devised new technology which generates electricity from body heat, allowing you to charge electronic devices on the go.
Professor Byung Jin Cho from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in South Korea is leading the team working on a thermoelectric (TE) generator.
The small and flexible generator, made from glass and fabric, can be used to power up heart monitors, smart glasses and other wearable tech.
"Mobile phones consume high electrical energy compared to electrical sensors. Right now we are trying to make a sample that provides electricity for medical sensors," Cho said.
"After that, smartphones will be the next application of the TE generator," Cho added.
The device uses the the small but significant temperature difference between skin and air to create power.
So far only two types of TE generators have been developed, based either on organic or inorganic materials, 'The Daily Express' reported.
Cho said his technology, which minimises thermal energy loss but maximises power output, combines the best of both organic and inorganic tech.
"This is quite a revolutionary approach to design a generator. In so doing, we were able to significantly reduce the weight of our generator, which is an essential element for wearable electronics," Cho added.


Educação e Pesquisa
Print version ISSN 1517-9702
CAIADO, Katia Regina Moreno and LAPLANE, Adriana Lia Friszman de. The Inclusive Education Program: the right to diversity - an analysis from the point of view of administrators of a hub municipality. Educ. Pesqui. [online]. 2009, vol.35, n.2, pp. 303-315. ISSN 1517-9702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022009000200006.
Through the comparison between the official discourse and the social practices, the present study seeks to understand the trajectory of implementation of the policy of inclusion. The history of special education in Brazil is marked by social and educational exclusion, and therefore guaranteeing the right to education of handicapped people is a complex process requiring political actions in various spheres. The reflection about the guidelines, materials and documents of the Inclusive Education Program: the right to diversity, based on the testimonies of administrators from a hub municipality, made it possible to raise questions related to the way in which the policy of inclusion in being implemented. The analysis reveals tensions and conflicts associated to the possibilities of bringing to practice actions of formation and multiplication; to the conceptual discussion about inclusion; to the locus of service to handicapped students; to the financing aspect and to the relations between the public and the private sectors; and also as to the responsibilities of the different agents involved in the process. The results point to the fact that these tensions can be understood from the multiple relationships established between a teaching system that tends to homogenization and the principles of inclusion, which presupposes the respect to rights, the appreciation of diversity, and the fulfillment of individual needs.
Keywords : Special education; Public policies; Inclusive education.


In the tradition of nursery rhymes and Dr. Seuss, this Rhyme Connection worksheet uses one of our favorite literary devices to make reading and spelling fun and engaging for your child! He'll look at pictures and letters to figure out which words rhyme with which, and draw a line to connect the words that rhyme! Then, give him some early reading comprehension practice with a quick quiz at the end using one of the rhyming words.
This worksheet is part of the Rhyme Connection series. Try just one, a few, or all forty!


In 1979, 2345 students took the math part of the SAT and had a mean of 524. Is this consistent with the notion of a population mean of 500 if we assume the standard deviation = 100?
My initial take was to calculate the standard error and compare that to the observed difference between the sample and population mean. I really dont know what this question is asking exactly. Please help!


New research on children's executive functioning and self-regulation has begun to reveal important connections to their developing social understanding (or "theories of mind") and emotional competence. The exact nature of the relations between these aspects of children's social and emotional development is, however, far from being fully understood. Considerable disagreement has emerged, for instance, over the question of whether executive functioning facilitates social-emotional understanding, or vice versa. Recent studies linking the development of children's social understanding with aspects of their interpersonal relationships also raise concerns about the particular role that social interaction plays in the development of executive function. Three key questions currently drive this debate: Does social interaction play a role in the development of executive function or, more generally, self-regulation? If it does play a role, what forms of social interaction facilitate the development of executive function? Do different patterns of interpersonal experience differentially affect the development of self-regulation and social understanding? In this book, the contributors address these questions and explore other emerging theoretical and empirical links between self-regulation, social interaction, and children's psycho-social competence. It will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers interested in executive function, emotion, and social development.
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Rent Self- and Social-Regulation 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Bryan W. Sokol. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Oxford University Press.
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If you've been worrying for the past several months that your cat — your delightfully mischievous, scratch-your-eyelashes-to-wake-you-up-for-food cat — was secretly implanting a mind-warping parasite in your brain with its poop, you can now breathe a sigh of relief because almighty SCIENCE has more or less disproved that controversial supposition. Last year, a group of scientists found that nations with higher rates of humans being infected with Toxoplasma gondii — a single-cell parasite that builds nice ranch-style homes in cat feces — also had higher rates of brain cancer. The link, however, was considered pretty tenuous.
Now, according to Science magazine, another group of scientists has sorted out this whole cats-cause-brain-cancer business. The scientists studied a group of almost 600,000 women aged 50 and older, tracking the how many developed brain tumors over the course of three years. Eighteen percent of these women owned at least one cat, but the cat-ladies were no more likely to develop brain cancer than their catless counterparts, despite their constant exposure to T. gondii. The moral of the story, of course, is that you can own all the cats you want. Really, just go crazy and start pulling them off the street because, now that science has reassured the tremulous public that cats are harmless (unless they're picked up improperly or something), cats are going to be in demand and nobody wants to get stuck with the mangy, one-eyed cats that are left over after the cat-adopting craze.
ScienceShot: Cats Don't Cause Cancer [Science]
Image via Ilyashenko Olehsiy/Shutterstock.


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Springfield Smoked Fish of Springfield, MA is expanding their voluntary recall to include additional smoked fish and cream cheese products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, an organism which can cause serious infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, Listeria infection can cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women.NEXT ARTICLE
Pediatrics is the general medicine of childhood. Because of the developmental processes (psychological and physical) of childhood, the involvement of parents, and the social management of conditions at home and at school, pediatrics is a specialty. With ...
Neurology - Central Nervous System (CNS)
Alzheimer's Disease Anesthesia Anxiety Disorders Autism Bipolar Disorders Dementia Epilepsy Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Neurology Pain Parkinson's Disease Sleep Disorders Neurology is the branch of me...
Pain is a feeling (sharp or dull) triggered in the nervous system which can be transient or constant. Pain can be specific to one area of the body eg back, abdomen or chest or more general all over the body eg muscles ache from the flu. Without pain ...


Technology Reveals Recording of Alexander Graham Bell's Voice
He invented a world-changing acoustic device that allows us to send our voices over great distances, but what did telephone creator Alexander Graham Bell's voice sound like? His last living relative who had heard him speak, granddaughter Mabel Grosvenor, died in 2006. The recordings he and his associates made on discs and cylinders (formed of—among other materials—cardboard, wax, and paper) were silent artifacts from which modern technology couldn’t extract information.
Bell donated more than 400 of these discs and cylinders to the Smithsonian Institution. Though the inventor documented his research well (in case patent disputes should arise in the future), the precise methods used in these early audio recording experiments have been lost for decades.
But physicists from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California have recently made breakthroughs in drawing sound from these discs. By creating high-resolution optical scans and converting those by computer into audio files, the muffled early attempts at recording—unheard for over a century—are audible. Among the recitations of Hamlet, number sequences and nursery rhymes, the team made a particularly notable discovery.
On a 130-year-old disc, recorded on April 15, 1885, is a recording of Alexander Graham Bell’s voice. The legendary inventor declares: “In witness whereof—hear my voice, Alexander Graham Bell.” Even with so few words, much is revealed: Bell's careful enunciation is predictable for a man whose father was a renowned elocution teacher and whose wife was deaf. He lived in England, Canada, and the eastern United States throughout his life, and his voice is tinged with a British accent. For anyone who appreciates Bell’s contributions to modern technology, the recording is awe-inspiring, incredible in its simplicity but groundbreaking in its significance. Head over to Smithsonian to hear Bell speak.


Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.]
The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.
The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness.
Sir W. Scott.
The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.
The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.
⇒ This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.
© Webster 1913.