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"""Parser for eDiAna (electronic Dictionary of the Ancient Near East) pages.
eDiAna is hosted at LMU Munich and contains dictionary entries for
Anatolian languages including Lycian, Lydian, and Carian.
URL: https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/
Uses only stdlib (urllib, html.parser, re).
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import re
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from typing import Any
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class EDiAnaParser(HTMLParser):
"""Parse eDiAna HTML pages to extract dictionary entries.
eDiAna pages typically present entries in structured HTML with
lemma headwords, transliterations, and glosses in various formats:
definition lists, tables, or div-based layouts.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.entries: list[dict] = []
self.in_entry = False
self.in_lemma = False
self.in_gloss = False
self.in_translit = False
self.current_text = ""
self.current_entry: dict[str, str] = {}
# Track div/span classes
self._tag_stack: list[str] = []
def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: list[tuple[str, str | None]]) -> None:
attr_dict = dict(attrs)
cls = attr_dict.get("class", "") or ""
self._tag_stack.append(tag)
# Detect entry containers by class name patterns
if any(kw in cls.lower() for kw in ("entry", "lemma", "dictentry", "result")):
self.in_entry = True
self.current_entry = {}
# Detect lemma / headword
if any(kw in cls.lower() for kw in ("lemma", "headword", "hw", "orth")):
self.in_lemma = True
self.current_text = ""
# Detect transliteration
if any(kw in cls.lower() for kw in ("translit", "transliteration", "form")):
self.in_translit = True
self.current_text = ""
# Detect gloss / translation
if any(kw in cls.lower() for kw in ("gloss", "meaning", "translation", "def", "sense")):
self.in_gloss = True
self.current_text = ""
# Bold within an entry might be the headword
if tag in ("b", "strong") and self.in_entry and not self.current_entry.get("word"):
self.in_lemma = True
self.current_text = ""
def handle_endtag(self, tag: str) -> None:
if self._tag_stack and self._tag_stack[-1] == tag:
self._tag_stack.pop()
if self.in_lemma and tag in ("span", "div", "b", "strong", "a", "td", "dt"):
self.in_lemma = False
text = self.current_text.strip()
if text:
self.current_entry["word"] = text
if self.in_translit and tag in ("span", "div", "td", "i", "em"):
self.in_translit = False
text = self.current_text.strip()
if text:
self.current_entry["transliteration"] = text
if self.in_gloss and tag in ("span", "div", "dd", "td", "p"):
self.in_gloss = False
text = self.current_text.strip()
if text:
self.current_entry["gloss"] = text
# End of entry
if self.in_entry and tag in ("div", "tr", "li", "article"):
if self.current_entry.get("word"):
word = self.current_entry["word"]
translit = self.current_entry.get("transliteration", word)
gloss = self.current_entry.get("gloss", "")
if gloss:
self.entries.append({
"word": word,
"transliteration": translit,
"gloss": gloss,
})
self.in_entry = False
self.current_entry = {}
def handle_data(self, data: str) -> None:
if self.in_lemma or self.in_translit or self.in_gloss:
self.current_text += data
def _fallback_regex_parse(html: str) -> list[dict]:
"""Fallback: extract entries using regex patterns from raw HTML text.
Looks for common dictionary-entry patterns in the text:
- "WORD (transliteration) - gloss"
- "WORD: gloss"
- Tabular patterns
"""
entries: list[dict] = []
# Strip HTML tags for text-based matching
text = re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", " ", html)
text = re.sub(r"&[a-z]+;", " ", text)
text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
# Pattern: "word" followed by dash/colon and gloss
# Common in dictionary-style pages
patterns = [
# word - gloss (with optional transliteration in parens)
re.compile(
r"(?:^|\n)\s*([A-Za-zÀ-žḀ-ỿ][A-Za-zÀ-žḀ-ỿ\-]+)"
r"(?:\s*\(([^)]+)\))?"
r"\s*[-–—:]\s+"
r"([A-Za-z].{3,80}?)(?:[.;]|\n|$)"
),
# Numbered entries: 1. word - gloss
re.compile(
r"\d+\.\s*([A-Za-zÀ-žḀ-ỿ][A-Za-zÀ-žḀ-ỿ\-]+)"
r"(?:\s*\(([^)]+)\))?"
r"\s*[-–—:]\s+"
r"([A-Za-z].{3,80}?)(?:[.;]|\n|$)"
),
]
for pat in patterns:
for m in pat.finditer(text):
word = m.group(1).strip()
translit = m.group(2).strip() if m.group(2) else word
gloss = m.group(3).strip()
if word and gloss and len(word) < 50:
entries.append({
"word": word,
"transliteration": translit,
"gloss": gloss,
})
return entries
def parse(url: str, **kwargs: Any) -> list[dict]:
"""Download and parse an eDiAna dictionary page.
Args:
url: URL to an eDiAna page, e.g.
https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/lycian
**kwargs:
language: Language name (lycian, lydian, carian) for logging.
Returns:
List of dicts with keys: word, transliteration, gloss.
Returns empty list if URL is unreachable.
"""
lang = kwargs.get("language", "unknown")
logger.info("eDiAna: downloading %s (language=%s)", url, lang)
try:
req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "PhaiPhon/1.0"})
with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30) as resp:
html = resp.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
except (urllib.error.URLError, urllib.error.HTTPError, OSError) as exc:
logger.warning("eDiAna: failed to download %s: %s", url, exc)
return []
# Try structured HTML parsing first
parser = EDiAnaParser()
parser.feed(html)
entries = parser.entries
# Fallback to regex if structured parsing found nothing
if not entries:
logger.info("eDiAna: structured parsing found 0 entries, trying regex fallback")
entries = _fallback_regex_parse(html)
# Deduplicate
seen: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
unique: list[dict] = []
for e in entries:
key = (e["word"], e["gloss"])
if key not in seen:
seen.add(key)
unique.append(e)
logger.info("eDiAna: extracted %d entries from %s", len(unique), url)
return unique
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s")
test_url = (
sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1
else "https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/"
)
results = parse(test_url)
print(f"\nExtracted {len(results)} entries:")
for entry in results[:15]:
print(f" {entry['word']:20s} {entry['transliteration']:20s} {entry['gloss']}")
if len(results) > 15:
print(f" ... and {len(results) - 15} more")
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