--- dataset_info: features: - name: question dtype: string - name: subtest dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1463 num_examples: 20 download_size: 2343 dataset_size: 1463 configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/train-* license: mit task_categories: - text-generation - text-classification language: - en tags: - aphasia pretty_name: Text Aphasia Battery (TAB) size_categories: - n<1K --- # Text Aphasia Battery (TAB) The **Text Aphasia Battery (TAB)** is a modified subset of the [Quick Aphasia Battery (QAB)](https://aphasialab.org/qab/) designed to assess aphasic symptoms in environments where input and output modalities are restricted to text. TAB is especially useful for large-scale identification of aphasic features in applications such as corpus studies and evaluations of large language models (LLMs). **Note:** TAB is not a replacement for the QAB or other clinical diagnostic tools. --- ## Overview TAB consists of **four subtests** that evaluate different aspects of language function: 1. **Connected Text** 2. **Word Comprehension** 3. **Sentence Comprehension** 4. **Repetition** Each subtest comes with specific instructions and scoring criteria, aimed at detecting various aphasic markers. --- ## Subtests ### 1. Connected Text - **Objective:** Evaluate fluency, grammaticality, and coherence of speech. - **Instructions:** Respond to the following prompts in 3–5 full sentences: - "Tell me about the best trip you ever took." - "Describe a happy childhood memory." - "Tell me about your first job." - "What do you like about where you live?" - "Describe what is happening in the following scene: The boy is pushing the girl." - **Scoring:** Uses adapted non-motor APROCSA features (see **Notes on Evaluation**). --- ### 2. Word Comprehension - **Objective:** Evaluate lexical-semantic processing and selection among competing meanings. - **Instructions:** Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: - "Which one is an animal: ‘lion’ or ‘drum’?" - "Which object is typically used to make music: ‘violin’ or ‘giraffe’?" - "Which item is usually worn on the feet: ‘boot’ or ‘boat’?" - "Which object is used for cutting: ‘knife’ or ‘kite’?" - "Which one is a large mammal with a long neck: ‘giraffe’ or ‘horse’?" - **Scoring:** Responses are scored in a binary fashion (correct/incorrect). Incorrect selections may indicate deficits in semantic processing. --- ### 3. Sentence Comprehension - **Objective:** Evaluate syntactic processing, comprehension of passive structures, and logical reasoning. - **Instructions:** Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: - "Are babies watched by babysitters?" (Expected: **Yes**) - "Do you cut the grass with an axe?" (Expected: **No**) - "If you’re about to leave, have you left yet?" (Expected: **No**) - "Are witnesses questioned by police?" (Expected: **Yes**) - "If I was at the park when you arrived, did I get there first?" (Expected: **Yes**) - **Scoring:** Delayed or incorrect responses may indicate difficulties with syntactic processing, handling of negation, or confusion with passive constructions. --- ### 4. Repetition - **Objective:** Evaluate morphosyntactic integrity. - **Instructions:** Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: - "Please repeat exactly: house." - "Please repeat exactly: breakfast." - "Please repeat exactly: catastrophe." - "Please repeat exactly: The sun rises in the East." - "Please repeat exactly: The ambitious journalist discovered where we’d be going." - **Scoring:** Check for exact reproduction. Errors (e.g., phonemic substitutions, deletions, or distortions) indicate issues with morphosyntactic processing. --- ## Notes on Evaluation TAB scoring is based on **binary pass/fail** criteria according to predefined aphasic markers. The evaluation focuses on the following linguistic features: - **Anomia:** Word-finding failures or circumlocutions. - **Paraphasias:** - *Semantic Paraphasias:* Substitution of one content word for another. - *Phonemic Paraphasias:* Errors in sound production (substitution, insertion, deletion, or transposition). - **Agrammatism:** Omission of function words or morphemes. - **Paragrammatism:** Incorrect or inappropriate grammatical structures. - **Empty Speech:** Overuse of vague, nonspecific words. - **Repetition/Reading Errors:** Deletions, insertions, or distortions. For **Connected Text**, each response should be evaluated for the presence (1) or absence (0) of the following APROCSA features: - Anomia - Abandoned utterances - Empty speech - Semantic paraphasias - Phonemic paraphasias (evaluated at token-level in models) - Neologisms - Jargon - Perseverations - Stereotypies and automatisms - Short and simplified utterances - Omission of bound morphemes - Omission of function words - Paragrammatism - Retracing - False starts - Conduite d’approche - Meaning unclear - Off-topic - Overall communication impairment --- ## Automatic Identification Prompt The TAB is built for automatic evaluation using in-context LLM prompting. The system processes a transcript and produces a JSON file with each linguistic feature as a key and its value set to **1** (feature present) or **0** (feature not present). ### Instructions - **Input:** A transcript passage. - **Processing:** Analyze the transcript according to the definitions and examples below. - **Output:** A JSON file that includes **every one** of the following features as keys: - Anomia - Abandoned utterances - Empty speech - Semantic paraphasias - Phonemic paraphasias - Neologisms - Jargon - Perseverations - Stereotypies and automatisms - Short and simplified utterances - Omission of bound morphemes - Omission of function words - Paragrammatism - False starts - Retracing - Conduite d’approche - Meaning unclear - Off-topic - Overall communication impairment ### Output Format Your JSON output **must** include each feature as a key with its corresponding value (0 or 1). Do **not** include any additional keys or extraneous information. --- ### Examples #### Example 1 **Hypothetical Passage:** > "I was trying to tell you about my day but I just I mean I wanted to say something about the store I go store I wanted a pen I mean pencil The ball the ball the ball kept bouncing and I just stopped you know I keep saying dammit dammit dammit all the time" **Associated JSON Output:** ```json { "Anomia": 1, "Abandoned utterances": 1, "Empty speech": 0, "Semantic paraphasias": 0, "Phonemic paraphasias": 0, "Neologisms": 0, "Jargon": 0, "Perseverations": 1, "Stereotypies and automatisms": 1, "Short and simplified utterances": 1, "Omission of bound morphemes": 1, "Omission of function words": 1, "Paragrammatism": 0, "False starts": 0, "Retracing": 0, "Conduite d’approche": 0, "Meaning unclear": 0, "Off-topic": 0, "Overall communication impairment": 1 } ``` #### Example 2 **Hypothetical Passage:** > "I want to go to the store to buy a blorf You know I keep trying to say it but I say I want to go to the st store I want a pa pen I mean pencil I dont know what im trying to say It all seems not right" **Associated JSON Output:** ```json { "Anomia": 1, "Abandoned utterances": 0, "Empty speech": 0, "Semantic paraphasias": 0, "Phonemic paraphasias": 0, "Neologisms": 1, "Jargon": 0, "Perseverations": 0, "Stereotypies and automatisms": 0, "Short and simplified utterances": 0, "Omission of bound morphemes": 0, "Omission of function words": 0, "Paragrammatism": 0, "False starts": 1, "Retracing": 0, "Conduite d’approche": 1, "Meaning unclear": 1, "Off-topic": 0, "Overall communication impairment": 1 } ``` > **Important:** Your analysis must strictly adhere to the definitions and examples provided. No additional keys or information should be included in the output JSON. --- ## Sources 1. **Wilson SM, Eriksson DK, Schneck SM, Lucanie JM.** *A quick aphasia battery for efficient, reliable, and multidimensional assessment of language function.* **PLoS One** 2018; 13(2): e0192773. 2. **Casilio M, Rising K, Beeson PM, Bunton K, Wilson SM.** *Auditory-perceptual rating of connected speech in aphasia.* **Am J Speech Lang Pathol** 2019; 28: 550-68. *Definitions and examples for the automatic identification prompt are adapted from Table 1 of Casilio et al. (2019).* --- ## Disclaimer The TAB is intended **for research and evaluation purposes only**. It should not be used as a clinical diagnostic tool or a substitute for professional evaluation. --- ## Contributing Contributions are welcome! If you wish to improve or extend TAB: 1. Fork the repository. 2. Create your feature branch. 3. Commit your changes. 4. Open a pull request. --- ## License the TAB is released openly under the MIT license