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  ---
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  license: cc0-1.0
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- task_categories:
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- - text-generation
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  language:
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  - en
 
 
 
 
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  tags:
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  - history
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  - newspapers
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  - religion
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- pretty_name: Spiritualist_Newspaper
 
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  size_categories:
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  - 100K<n<1M
 
 
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  ---
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  # Dataset Card for Spiritualist_Newspaper
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  ### Dataset Description
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- <!-- This resource includes plain text transcriptions of *The Spiritualist Newspaper* (1869), created using Transkribus (https://app.transkribus.org/) and manually corrected across the first serialisation's 50 pages. The transcriptions included were generated using a text extraction model, layout analysis model and text region classifier, all trained within the Transkribus environment. The former model is available here for quick transcription drag and drop tests, entitled 'Ghostwriter' - https://app.transkribus.org/models/public/text/421381, and was trained on 158,825 words, achieving a character error rate of 0.86%.
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  The .txt transcription included in this resource was used as a reference string for calculating character error rates against other OCR engines as part of an internally funded National Library of Scotland (NLS) fellowship, within a CERberus local host environment - https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus. The engines tested included: OCR4ALL, eScriptorium, Transkribus, Tesseract, EasyOCR, Paddle OCR, Surya OCR, GPT 4o, Claude Sonnet 4.5 and Gemini-Pro-3.
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  We also include the page images used, with thresholding and additional cropping conducted with R Studio using Image Magick, as well as page-level ALTO XML for interactive image hosting in compliance with IIIF standards (https://iiif.io).
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  Ames, S., Havens, L. (2022) Exploring National Library of Scotland datasets with Jupyter Notebooks, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 48(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352211065484
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  Foot, M. (2023) Modern Spiritualism and Scottish Art - Scots, Spirits and Seances, 1860 - 1940. London: Bloomsbury.
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- Haverals, W. (2023) CERberus: Guardian Against Character Errors. 2023, v1.0, https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus.-->
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  - **Curated by:** [Dr Joe Nockels, with support from Dr Sarah Ames, NLS Digitisation Unit]
@@ -55,33 +60,33 @@ Haverals, W. (2023) CERberus: Guardian Against Character Errors. 2023, v1.0, htt
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  ### Dataset Sources
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- <!-- https://data.nls.uk/data/digitised-collections/spiritualist-newspapers/ -->
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  - **Repository:** [https://data.nls.uk]
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- The dataset, manually cleaned from Transkribus modelling, was used as a reference string for measuring Character
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- Error Rates in other Automatic Text Recognition (ATR) tools, using Haveral's (2023) CERberus local host: https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus. -->
 
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- ### Direct Use
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-
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- <!-- The aim is to use this dataset as Ground Truth for an ATR Spiritualist model, across the whole 1869 - 1882 serialisation. -->
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- [@misc{nls_spiritualist_newspaper,
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- title={Spiritualist Newspaper},
 
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  author={National Library of Scotland},
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- howpublished={\url{https://data.nls.uk/data/digitised-collections/spiritualist-newspapers/},
 
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  }
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-
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- ## Acknowledgement
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-
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  Transcription generated by Joe Nockels (j.nockels@sheffield.ac.uk)
 
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  ---
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  license: cc0-1.0
 
 
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  language:
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  - en
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+ task_categories:
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+ - text-generation
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+ task_ids:
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+ - language-modeling
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  tags:
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  - history
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  - newspapers
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  - religion
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+ - ocr
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+ - digital-humanities
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  size_categories:
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  - 100K<n<1M
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+ ---
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+
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  ---
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  # Dataset Card for Spiritualist_Newspaper
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  ### Dataset Description
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+ This resource includes plain text transcriptions of *The Spiritualist Newspaper* (1869), created using Transkribus (https://app.transkribus.org/) and manually corrected across the first serialisation's 50 pages. The transcriptions included were generated using a text extraction model, layout analysis model and text region classifier, all trained within the Transkribus environment. The former model is available here for quick transcription drag and drop tests, entitled 'Ghostwriter' - https://app.transkribus.org/models/public/text/421381, and was trained on 158,825 words, achieving a character error rate of 0.86%.
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  The .txt transcription included in this resource was used as a reference string for calculating character error rates against other OCR engines as part of an internally funded National Library of Scotland (NLS) fellowship, within a CERberus local host environment - https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus. The engines tested included: OCR4ALL, eScriptorium, Transkribus, Tesseract, EasyOCR, Paddle OCR, Surya OCR, GPT 4o, Claude Sonnet 4.5 and Gemini-Pro-3.
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  We also include the page images used, with thresholding and additional cropping conducted with R Studio using Image Magick, as well as page-level ALTO XML for interactive image hosting in compliance with IIIF standards (https://iiif.io).
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  Ames, S., Havens, L. (2022) Exploring National Library of Scotland datasets with Jupyter Notebooks, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 48(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352211065484
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  Foot, M. (2023) Modern Spiritualism and Scottish Art - Scots, Spirits and Seances, 1860 - 1940. London: Bloomsbury.
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+ Haverals, W. (2023) CERberus: Guardian Against Character Errors. 2023, v1.0, https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus.
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  - **Curated by:** [Dr Joe Nockels, with support from Dr Sarah Ames, NLS Digitisation Unit]
 
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  ### Dataset Sources
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+ https://data.nls.uk/data/digitised-collections/spiritualist-newspapers/
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  - **Repository:** [https://data.nls.uk]
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+ ## Dataset Structure
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+ - `/images/`: Page images (PNG)
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+ - `/text/`: Corrected plain-text transcription
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+ - `/alto/`: Page-level ALTO XML (to be uploaded)
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+ ## Uses
 
 
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+ The dataset, manually cleaned from Transkribus modelling, was used as a reference string for measuring Character
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+ Error Rates in other Automatic Text Recognition (ATR) tools, using Haveral's (2023) CERberus local host: https://github.com/WHaverals/CERberus.
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+ ### Direct Use
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+ The aim is to use this dataset as Ground Truth for an ATR Spiritualist model, across the whole 1869 - 1882 serialisation.
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+ ## Citation
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{nls_spiritualist_newspaper,
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+ title={Spiritualist Newspaper Dataset},
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  author={National Library of Scotland},
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+ year={1869},
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+ url={https://data.nls.uk/data/digitised-collections/spiritualist-newspapers/}
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  }
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  Transcription generated by Joe Nockels (j.nockels@sheffield.ac.uk)