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What causes the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave? | Sound waves. | mechanical waves | fluid waves | longitudinal waves | Longitudinal waves cause the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave. |
Which state of matter lacks a fixed volume, fixed shape, and consists of charged particles? | isotopes | electrons | atoms | ions | Plasma is a state of matter that lacks a fixed volume and a fixed shape and consists of charged particles called ions. Because it consists of charged particles, plasma can conduct electricity and respond to a magnetic field. |
What type of cell transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system? | trace cell | toxin cell | Large Cell | nerve cell | cell that transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system; commonly called nerve cell. |
What is the force pushing a rocket called? | direction | momentum | friction | thrust | Most halogens have a variety of important uses. A few are described in the Table below . |
In headwater streams, what plant process is mostly attributed to algae that are growing on rocks? | reproduction | mitosis | symbiosis | photosynthesis | Abiotic features of rivers and streams vary along the length of the river or stream. Streams begin at a point of origin referred to as source water. The source water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel (the width of the river or stream) is narrower here than at any other place along the length of ... |
What is the term that refers to stored chemical energy in organic matter or wastes? | starch energy | nuclear energy | potential energy | biomass energy | The stored chemical energy in organic matter or wastes is called biomass energy. The organic matter may be trees or other plants, or it may be wastes from homes and industries. When biomass is burned, it produces thermal energy that can be used for heating homes, cooking, or generating electricity. Biomass—especially w... |
The process of photosynthesis ultimately gets powered by what kind of energy? | nonrenewable energy | biofuel | electricity | light | |
A binary molecular compound is a molecular compound that is composed of what? | four elements | two atoms | four atoms | two elements | A binary molecular compound is a molecular compound that is composed of two elements. In general, the elements that combine to form binary molecular compounds are both nonmetals. This contrasts with ionic compounds, which usually involve bonds between metal ions and nonmetal ions. Because ionic charges cannot be used t... |
Within the first 8 weeks of gestation, a developing embryo establishes the rudimentary structures of all of its organs and tissues from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. this process is called what? | parthenogenesis | abiogenesis | biosynthesis | organogenesis | Within the first 8 weeks of gestation, a developing embryo establishes the rudimentary structures of all of its organs and tissues from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This process is called organogenesis. Like the central nervous system, the heart also begins its development in the embryo as a tube-like structur... |
What goes through different larval stages? | sponges | octopuses | plants | crustaceans | Figure 28.41 All crustaceans go through different larval stages. Shown are (a) the nauplius larval stage of a tadpole shrimp, (b) the cypris larval stage of a barnacle, and (c) the zoea larval stage of a green crab. (credit a: modification of work by USGS; credit b: modification of work by Mª. Mingorance Rodríguez; cre... |
What is the major cause of chronic respiratory disease as well as cardiovascular disease and cancer? | diet | drinking | exercise | smoking | Smoking is the major cause of chronic respiratory disease as well as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Exposure to tobacco smoke by smoking or by breathing air that contains tobacco smoke is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Regular smokers die about 10 years earlier than nonsmokers do. The ... |
Monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals are subclasses of what? | birds | amphibians | reptiles | mammals | Monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals are subclasses of mammals. Almost all living mammals are placental mammals, which are divided into many orders. |
What type of mammal gives birth to young that need to develop further in the mother's pouch after birth? | aborigines | humans | whales | marsupials | Marsupials give birth to a tiny, immature embryo. The embryo then continues to grow and develop in a pouch on the mother’s belly. This is less risky for the mother. However, the embryo is fragile, so it may be less likely to survive than the fetus of a placental mammal. |
What is the measure of how closely molecules are packed together? | frequency | length | volume | density | Density is mass per unit volume. Density is a measure of how closely molecules are packed together. The closer together they are, the greater the density. Since air is a gas, the molecules can pack tightly or spread out. |
What is the leading cause of lung cancer? | tuberculosis | chewing tobacco | heredity | tobacco smoke | Tobacco smoke contains dozens of carcinogens, including nicotine and formaldehyde. Exposure to tobacco smoke is the leading cause of lung cancer. |
The golgi removes some sugar monomers and substitutes others, producing a large variety of what? | proteins | electrolytes | fats | carbohydrates | |
Parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchymal cells are associated with what types of living things? | fungi | primates | parasites | plants | Different types of plant cells include parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchymal cells. The three types differ in structure and function. |
What is the name of the location in which a stream or river starts? | mouth | spring | shore | source | All streams and rivers have several features in common. These features are shown in ( Figure below ). The place where a stream or river starts is its source. The source might be a spring, where water flows out of the ground. Or the source might be water from melting snow on a mountain top. A single stream may have mult... |
What disease occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a tumor? | muscular cyst | adult breast growth | muscle cancer | breast cancer | Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females. It occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a tumor. Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older. Regular screening is recommended for most women starting around age 40. If found early, breast cancer usually ... |
What process refers to the changes that occur in populations of living organisms over time? | variation | spontaneous mutation | adaptation | evolution | The term evolution describes the changes that occur in populations of living organisms over time. Describing these changes does not address the origin of life. The two are commonly and mistakenly confused. Biological evolution likewise says nothing about cosmology, the Big Bang, or where the universe, galaxy, solar sys... |
Alkenes can react with what to form alcohols? | sugars | air | proteins | water | Alkenes can react with water to form alcohols. |
Wind blown sand contributes to what type of erosion? | filtration | vegetation | sedimentary | abrasion | Did you ever see workers sandblasting a building to clean it? Sand is blown onto the surface to scour away dirt and debris. Wind-blown sand has the same effect. It scours and polishes rocks and other surfaces. Wind-blown sand may carve rocks into interesting shapes. You can see an example in Figure below . This form of... |
Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a what? | sulfate | cinion | carbonate | cation | Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a cation. Naming and formula writing for bases follows the same guidelines as for other ionic compounds. |
What causes the menstrual cycle to be repeated? | ovaries | gravity | uteris | lack of fertilization | The menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average. It includes changes in the uterus as well as development of an egg and ovulation. If fertilization does not occur, menstruation occurs and the cycle repeats. |
What happens when turgid cells in a nonwoody tissue push against each other? | the tissues merge | the tissue dies | the tissue melts | the tissue stiffens | |
What is the waxy substance that epidermal cells secrete? | saliva | cellulose | bile | cuticle | Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis. You can think of the epidermis as the plant’s skin. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment. Epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called cuticle , which coats, waterproofs, and protects the ... |
What is the length of the route between two points? | velocity | speed | direction | distance | Distance is the length of the route between two points. The distance of a race, for example, is the length of the track between the starting and finishing lines. In a 100-meter sprint, that distance is 100 meters. |
According to the first law of thermodynamics, what can neither be created nor destroyed? | light | fuel | food | energy | Chapter 46 1 Figure 46.8 According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Eventually, all energy consumed by living systems is lost as heat or used for respiration, and the total energy output of the system must equal the energy that went into it. 3 Figure 46.17 C: Nitrificatio... |
What are the three primary pigment colors? | red, green, blue | red, white, blue | green, orange, purple | cyan, yellow, magenta | Pigments are substances that color materials by reflecting light of certain wavelengths and absorbing light of other wavelengths. The primary pigment colors are cyan, yellow, and magenta. They can be combined to produce all other colors. |
How do organophostbate pesticides work? | inhibiting testosterone | inhibiting reticulum | inhibiting cryptosporidium | inhibiting acetylcholinesterase | |
In the case of a light bulb, electricity is converted to light and what kind of energy? | chemical | nuclear | abstract | thermal | Most circuits have devices such as light bulbs that convert electric energy to other forms of energy. In the case of a light bulb, electricity is converted to light and thermal energy. |
Where in relation to the home, are levels of vocs found to be higher? | outdoors | On slopes | in Fields | indoors | The processes of evolution are fundamental to much of biology. Why do people have such a hard time understanding them?. |
Density and pressure of air decreases with what? | horizontal distance | temperature | humidity | altitude | Like density, the pressure of the air decreases with altitude. There is less air pressing down from above the higher up you go. Look at the bottle in Figure below . It was drained by a hiker at the top of a mountain. Then the hiker screwed the cap on the bottle and carried it down to sea level. At the lower altitude, a... |
Energy is absorbed in the process of converting a liquid at its boiling point into a what? | solid | mesh | plasma | gas | Energy is absorbed in the process of converting a liquid at its boiling point into a gas. As with the melting of a solid, the temperature of a boiling liquid remains constant and the input of energy goes into changing the state. The molar heat of vaporization of a substance is the heat absorbed by one mole of that subs... |
Images in what type of mirror are reversed left and right but not reversed top and bottom? | convex | concave | virtual | plane mirror | Images in a plane mirror are reversed left and right but not reversed top and bottom. |
What do cells produce as they age? | oxidants | carcinogens | wrinkles | proto-oncogenes | |
The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, called? | spirogyra | spicule | vacuole | spongocoel | The body of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel. Water enters the spongocoel from numerous pores in the body wall. Water flows out through a large opening called the osculum (Figure 15.9). However, sponges exhibit a diversity of body forms, which vary in the si... |
Laid on dry land by reptiles, amniotic eggs have what that prevents them from drying out? | oil coating | double shells | double yolks | waterproof membranes | Loggerhead turtles spend most of their life in the ocean. Adult female loggerheads go ashore briefly to lay their eggs in the sand. Then they return to the water and leave the eggs to hatch on their own. Figure below shows baby loggerheads on a beach shortly after hatching. The baby turtles must make their way back to ... |
What three rs represent the steps that you personally can take to conserve our natural resources and minimize waste? | reduce, reuse, re-educate | rinse, reuse, recycle | remove, reduce, reuse | reduce, reuse, recycle | Reduce, reuse, and recycle. There are steps that you personally can take to conserve our natural resources and reduce waste. The waste that an individual creates is small in proportion to all the waste produced by society. Yet all small contributions, when added up, make a difference. |
What is the process that allows organisms with better traits to survive and produce? | succession | spontaneous mutation | adaptation | natural selection | Evolution occurs by natural selection, the process by which organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Evolution is due to differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals within a population. |
What is the term for a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not changed or used up in the reaction? | a contribute | a mechanism | an acid | a catalyst | Some reactions need extra help to occur quickly. They need another substance, called a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not changed or used up in the reaction. The catalyst can go on to catalyze many more reactions. |
What type of compounds can form crystals? | molecular compounds | integral compounds | magnetic compounds | ionic compounds | Many compounds form molecules, but ionic compounds form crystals instead. A crystal consists of many alternating positive and negative ions bonded together in a matrix. Look at the crystal of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the Figure below . The sodium and chloride ions are attracted to each other because they are oppositel... |
In grazing, a predator partially eats but does not kill what? | predators | time | pack | prey | In grazing , the predator eats part of the prey but does not usually kill it. You may have seen cows grazing on grass. The grass they eat grows back, so there is no real effect on the population. In the ocean, kelp (a type of seaweed) can regrow after being eaten by fish. |
Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and? | epithelium | cartilage | esophagus | periosteum | Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and periosteum. |
What type of bacteria causes the disease called tuberculosis? | streptococcus | E. coli | staphylococcus | mycobacterium | Tuberculosis (TB) is a common and often deadly disease caused by a genus of bacterium called Mycobacterium . Tuberculosis most commonly attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB is a chronic disease, but most people who become infected do not develop the full disease. Symptoms include a cough, w... |
Studies have shown that not only does reproduction have a cost as far as how long male fruit flies live, but also fruit flies that have already mated several times have limited amounts of this? | chromosomes | dna | eggs | sperm | Energy Budgets, Reproductive Costs, and Sexual Selection in Drosophila Research into how animals allocate their energy resources for growth, maintenance, and reproduction has used a variety of experimental animal models. Some of this work has been done using the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Studies have s... |
What are the two most common causes of diseases? | nutritional deficiencies | bacteria and protazoa | viruses and protazoa | bacteria and viruses | Today most people realize that microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, are the cause of disease. This concept is known as the germ theory of disease, one of the few scientific theories in the field of the life sciences. Although it seems obvious now, people did not always understand the cause of disease. How does ... |
Organic compounds are defined as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and what else? | acids | gases | crystals | oxides | At one time in history, it was thought that only living things were capable of synthesizing the carbon-containing compounds present in cells. For that reason, the term organic was applied to those compounds. Eventually it was proved that carbon-containing compounds could be synthesized from inorganic substances, but th... |
What drives the turbine in a thermonuclear reactor? | wind energy | magnets | heated oil | heated water or steam | Scientists are searching for ways to create controlled nuclear fusion reactions on Earth. Their goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to electricity. You can see how this might work in the Figure below . In the thermonuclear reactor, radiation from... |
What is the term for physicians and scientists who research and develop vaccines and treat and study conditions ranging from allergies to aids? | virologists | endocrinologists | vaccinologists | immunologists | Immunologist The variations in peripheral proteins and carbohydrates that affect a cell’s recognition sites are of prime interest in immunology. These changes are taken into consideration in vaccine development. Many infectious diseases, such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus, were conquered by the use of vac... |
Where are temperatures the lowest? | in asia | over the oceans | at the equator | at the poles | At the poles, the Sun’s rays are least direct. Much of the area is covered with ice and snow, which reflect a lot of sunlight. Temperatures are lowest here. |
Protecting the surface of metal prevents what? | evaporation | extraction | diffusion | corrosion | One way to prevent corrosion is to protect the surface of the metal. Covering the surface of the metal object with paint or oil will prevent corrosion by not allowing oxygen to contact it. Unfortunately, scratches in the paint or wearing off of the oil will allow the corrosion to begin. Corrosion-sensitive metals can a... |
What type of tissues are major barriers to the entry of pathogens into the body? | nasal | skin | vascular | mucosal | The Mucosal Immune Response Mucosal tissues are major barriers to the entry of pathogens into the body. The IgA (and sometimes IgM) antibodies in mucus and other secretions can bind to the pathogen, and in the cases of many viruses and bacteria, neutralize them. Neutralization is the process of coating a pathogen with ... |
Trash that gets into fresh and saltwater waterways is called what type of debris? | water | pollution | ocean | aquatic | Most protists consist of a single cell. Some are multicellular but they lack specialized cells. |
What is the term for genes that control the expression of other genes within specific regions of cells in the developing organism? | data genes | expression genes | age genes | gap genes | Gap genes control the expression of other genes within specific regions of cells in the developing organism. This allows specific genes to be expressed in certain cells at the appropriate stage of development. |
In vertebrates, what tissue is a type of connective tissue that supports the entire body structure? | collagen | cartilage | blood | bone | Complex Tissue Structure As multicellular organisms, animals differ from plants and fungi because their cells don’t have cell walls, their cells may be embedded in an extracellular matrix (such as bone, skin, or connective tissue), and their cells have unique structures for intercellular communication (such as gap junc... |
Red blood cells don't have a nucleus. this allows them to do what? | heal faster | be redder | move faster | carry more oxygen | Red blood cells ( Figure below ) are made in the red marrow of long bones, rib bones, the skull, and vertebrae. Each red blood cell lives for only 120 days (about four months). After this time, they are destroyed in the liver and spleen. Mature red blood cells do not have a nucleus or other organelles. Lacking these co... |
The number of electron pairs that hold two atoms together is called? | electron order | nuclear order | proton order | bond order | Summary Bond order is the number of electron pairs that hold two atoms together. Single bonds have a bond order of one, and multiple bonds with bond orders of two (a double bond) and three (a triple bond) are quite common. In closely related compounds with bonds between the same kinds of atoms, the bond with the highes... |
What occurs when the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen? | immunity | antibodies | asthma attack | allergies | Allergies occur when the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen. An antigen that causes an allergy is called an allergen. |
What energy source, now making a comeback, has helped propel ships and pump water for many years? | solar energy | weather energy | geothermal energy | wind energy | The whirring blades of these wind turbines look stark against the darkening sky at sunset. The energy of the wind causes the blades to spin, and the energy of the spinning blades is used to generate electricity. People have been using wind for energy for centuries. Until about 200 years ago, for example, ships depended... |
What is it called when the nucleus of an atom splits into two smaller nuclei? | nuclear fusion | complex fission | cell division | nuclear fission | Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei. This releases a great deal of energy. Nuclear power plants use the energy from nuclear fission to generate electricity. |
The curie (ci) is one measure of the rate of what? | growth | spin | division | decay | The curie (Ci) is one measure of the rate of decay (named after Pierre and Marie Curie). One curie is equivalent to 3.7 × 10 10 disintegrations per second. Since this is obviously a large and unwieldy number, radiation is often expressed in millicuries or microcuries (still very large numbers). Another measure is the b... |
A unique type of organism is also known as what? | element | taxonomy | parasites | species | A species is a unique type of organism. Members of a species can interbreed and produce offspring that can breed (they are fertile). Organisms that are not in the same species cannot do this. Examples of species include humans, lions, and redwood trees. Can you name other examples?. |
Snakes use what anatomical structure to smell scents in the air? | forked eyes | forked tails | branched tongue | forked tongue | Most reptiles have good eyesight and a keen sense of smell. Snakes smell scents in the air using their forked tongue (see Figure below ). This helps them locate prey. Some snakes have heat-sensing organs on their head that help them find endothermic prey, such as small mammals and birds. Staring into the Beautiful Cold... |
What chemical element helps forms strong bones and teeth in humans? | magnesium | iron | potassium | calcium | Minerals are chemical elements that are essential for body processes. They include calcium, which helps form strong bones and teeth, and potassium, which is needed for normal nerve and muscle function. Good sources of minerals include leafy, green vegetables, whole grains, milk, and meats. |
The limit to how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of solvent is called what? | strength | density | potency | solubility | Solubility There is usually a limit to how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. This limit is called the solubility of the solute. Some solutes have a very small solubility, while other solutes are soluble in all proportions. Table 9.2 "Solubilities of Various Solutes in Water at 25°C (Except as Note... |
What occurs when hot magma transforms rock that it contacts? | changing metamorphism | existence metamorphism | form metamorphism | contact metamorphism | Contact metamorphism occurs when hot magma transforms rock that it contacts. |
What term refers to entities, events or powers regarded as being beyond nature, and cannot be explained by scientific means? | natural | hypothetical | fictional | supernatural | Science is based on the analysis of observations made either through our senses or by using special equipment. Science therefore cannot explain anything about the natural world that is beyond what is observable. The term supernatural refers to entities, events, or powers regarded as being beyond nature, in that such th... |
What causes an elastic force in springs? | freezing | velocity | momentum | stretching or compressing | Springs like the ones in Figure below also have elastic force when they are stretched or compressed. And like stretchy materials, they return to their original shape when the stretching or compressing force is released. Because of these properties, springs are used in scales to measure weight. They also cushion the rid... |
What effect is responsible for flight paths looking curved? | tonal effect | resonant effect | volumetric effect | coriolis effect | Zappy's. Flight paths look curved due to the Coriolis effect . CC BY-NC 3.0. |
Wetlands are environments in which the soil is either permanently or periodically saturated with what? | spores | hydrogen | oil | water | Wetlands Wetlands are environments in which the soil is either permanently or periodically saturated with water. Wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because wetlands exhibit a near continuous cover of emergent vegetation. Emergent vegetation consists of wetland plants that are rooted in the soil but have portio... |
When the ground absorbs the water and it settles below the surface it is called what? | precipitation | wastewater | glacier | groundwater | |
Some metabolic pathways release what by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds? | water | fat | hydrogen | energy | |
What is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice? | element cell | ionic cell | function cell | unit cell | A unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire crystal. A crystal can be thought of as the same unit cell repeated over and over in three dimensions. The Figure below illustrates the relationship of a unit cell to the entire crystal lattice. |
What is one major cause of skin cancer? | infrared light | visible light | sunscreen | ultraviolet light | The most important way to keep your skin healthy is to protect it from ultraviolet light. Over-exposure to ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer. Keeping the skin clean can help prevent acne. |
Which important decomposers are known to live just about anywhere on earth? | sporozoans | protazoas | viruses | archeans | Archaeans are now known to live just about everywhere on Earth. They are important decomposers. Many live in close relationships with other organisms. They are generally harmless and often beneficial. |
In the scientific method, what is the initial, unproven explanation for why something is occurring? | theories | concepts | idea | hypothesis | The scientific method is not a step by step, linear process. It is a way of learning about the world through the application of knowledge. Scientists must be able to have an idea of what the answer to an investigation should be. In order for scientists to make educated guesses about the answers, they will base their gu... |
What is the name of an element with a different number of neutrons? | solution | mineral | reaction | isotope | All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, but some may have different numbers of neutrons. For example, all carbon atoms have six protons, and most have six neutrons as well. But some carbon atoms have seven or eight neutrons instead of the usual six. Atoms of the same element that differ in their ... |
Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form what type of rain? | heavy rain | common rain | toxic rain | acid rain | Both nitrogen and sulfur oxides are toxic to humans. These compounds can cause lung diseases or make them worse. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form acid rain, which is described in the next concept. |
Polyester fabric's resistance to wrinkling comes from the cross-linking of what? | wool strands | algae strands | velocity strands | polymer strands | PET is used in tires, photographic film, food packaging, and clothing. Polyester fabric is used in permanent-press clothing. Its resistance to wrinkling comes from the cross-linking of the polymer strands. |
What term refers to the sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance? | physiological succession | progressions | disturbance succession | ecological succession | |
What is the network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell called? | DNA | enzymes | cytoplasm | cytoskeleton | 6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. |
Decreasing the volume of a gas and keeping everything else the same will cause its pressure to change in what way? | lower | heat up | decrease | increase | When gas molecules bump into things, it creates pressure. Pressure is greater when gas molecules occupy a smaller space, because greater crowding results in more collisions. This explains why decreasing the volume of a gas increases its pressure. |
What evolutionary strategy enables substantial activity during sleep for some animals? | mutation | hibernation | reproduction | adaptation | |
The cells of the blastocyst form an inner cell mass called the what? | xerophyte | blastocyst | chloroplast | embryoblast | The cells of the blastocyst form an inner cell mass and an outer cell layer, as shown in Figure below . The inner cell mass is called the embryoblast. These cells will soon develop into an embryo. The outer cell layer is called the trophoblast. These cells will develop into other structures needed to support and nouris... |
How do all musical instruments create sound? | conduction | condensation | stimulation | vibration | All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving through the air. |
What system disorders include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections? | renal system | nervous system | digestive system | urinary system | Disorders of the urinary system include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections. |
What type of respiration has the advantage of releasing more energy? | elastic | kinetic | anaerobic | aerobic | A major advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy it releases. Without oxygen, organisms can split glucose into just two molecules of pyruvate. This releases only enough energy to make two ATP molecules. With oxygen, organisms can break down glucose all the way to carbon dioxide. This releases enough ene... |
Major climate types are based on what two things? | oxygen & precipitation | topography & temperature | environment & precipitation | temperature & precipitation | Major climate types are based on temperature and precipitation. These two factors determine what types of plants can grow in an area. Animals and other living things depend on plants. So each climate is associated with certain types of living things. A major type of climate and its living things make up a biome . As yo... |
When amino acids bind together, they form a long chain called what, which is an essential component of protein? | enzyme | peptide | lipids | polypeptide | When amino acids bind together, they form a long chain called a polypeptide . A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains. A protein may have up to four levels of structure. The lowest level, a protein’s primary structure, is its sequence of amino acids. Higher levels of protein structure are described in Figu... |
What type of cells does meiosis produce? | mutated cells | child cells | diploid daughter cells | haploid daughter cells | Meiosis is a special type of cell division. It produces haploid daughter cells. It occurs when an organism makes gametes. Meiosis is basically mitosis times two. The original diploid cell divides twice. The first time is called meiosis I. The second time is called meiosis II. However, the DNA replicates only once. It r... |
Organisms that lack both a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are known as what, in general? | trophic | photosynthetic | barren | prokaryotic | Two of the three domains—Bacteria and Archaea—are prokaryotic, meaning that they lack both a nucleus and true membrane-bound organelles. However, they are now considered, on the basis of membrane structure and rRNA, to be as different from each other as they are from the third domain, the Eukarya. Prokaryotes were the ... |
What happens to most of the energy in a trophic level as it passes to the next higher level? | it stays the same | it increases | it is transferred | it is lost | |
What is the name for a specific amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent? | concentration | humidity | viscosity | solubility | Solubility is a specific amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. |
What is freshwater below the earth's surface called? | precipitation | geyser | sediment | groundwater | Freshwater below Earth’s surface is called groundwater . The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?. |
What forms when crystals precipitate out from a liquid? | plants sedimentary rocks | liquid sedimentary rocks | plasma sedimentary rocks | chemical sedimentary rocks | Chemical sedimentary rocks form when crystals precipitate out from a liquid. The mineral halite, also called rock salt, forms this way. You can make halite! Leave a shallow dish of salt water out in the Sun. As the water evaporates, salt crystals form in the dish. There are other chemical sedimentary rocks, like gypsum... |
What do people build to protect areas from floods? | sewers | reinforced walls | drains | dams | People protect areas that might flood with dams. In dire situations, they use sandbags ( Figure below ). Dams are usually very effective, but high water levels sometimes cause a dam to break. In that case, flooding can be catastrophic. Flood waters can also overflow a dam. People may line a river bank with levees to pr... |
What system of the body is responsible for ultimately ridding it of waste and excess water? | respiratory system | circulatory system | digestive system | excretory system | Toxic waste must be disposed of properly or there can be serious consequences. Now, your waste should not be as colorful or toxic as shown here (if it is, get yourself to a doctor as soon as possible), but it still needs to be removed from you. And that is the role of the excretory system. The excretory system gets rid... |
What's it called when there's a sudden flow of mud? | dirt bath | avalanche | sediment | mudflow | A mudflow is the sudden flow of mud down a slope because of gravity. Mudflows occur where the soil is mostly clay. Like landslides, mudflows usually occur when the soil is wet. Wet clay forms very slippery mud that slides easily. Mudflows follow river channels, washing out bridges, trees, and homes that are in their pa... |
Which zone is located below 200 meters from the surface? | mesopelagic | epipelagic | observable zone | aphotic zone | Below 200 meters is the aphotic zone. There are no primary producers here because there isn’t enough sunlight for photosynthesis. However, the water may be rich in nutrients because of dead organisms drifting down from above. Organisms that live here may include bacteria, sponges, sea anemones, worms, sea stars, and fi... |
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