---
license: other
license_name: reddit-user-content
license_link: https://redditinc.com/policies/user-agreement
language:
- en
task_categories:
- text-classification
tags:
- reddit
- images
- multimodal
- public-health
- harm-reduction
- opioid
- substance-use
- pseudonymized
pretty_name: OP-R1 Reddit Images (37 drug subreddits, 2016-2026)
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/*/part-*.parquet
- config_name: 1P_LSD
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/1P_LSD/part-*.parquet
- config_name: 1V_LSD
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/1V_LSD/part-*.parquet
- config_name: 2cb
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/2cb/part-*.parquet
- config_name: 4acodmt
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/4acodmt/part-*.parquet
- config_name: 5MeODMT
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/5MeODMT/part-*.parquet
- config_name: AMT
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/AMT/part-*.parquet
- config_name: Ayahuasca
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/Ayahuasca/part-*.parquet
- config_name: CannabisExtracts
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/CannabisExtracts/part-*.parquet
- config_name: DMT
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/DMT/part-*.parquet
- config_name: DMXE
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/DMXE/part-*.parquet
- config_name: DPH
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/DPH/part-*.parquet
- config_name: DrugCombos
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/DrugCombos/part-*.parquet
- config_name: Drugs
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/Drugs/part-*.parquet
- config_name: LSA
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/LSA/part-*.parquet
- config_name: LSD
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/LSD/part-*.parquet
- config_name: MDMA
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/MDMA/part-*.parquet
- config_name: MXE
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/MXE/part-*.parquet
- config_name: MemantineHCl
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/MemantineHCl/part-*.parquet
- config_name: Nootropics
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/Nootropics/part-*.parquet
- config_name: PCP
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/PCP/part-*.parquet
- config_name: adderall
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/adderall/part-*.parquet
- config_name: afinil
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/afinil/part-*.parquet
- config_name: ambien
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/ambien/part-*.parquet
- config_name: anabolic
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/anabolic/part-*.parquet
- config_name: benzodiazepines
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/benzodiazepines/part-*.parquet
- config_name: cannabis
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/cannabis/part-*.parquet
- config_name: cocaine
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/cocaine/part-*.parquet
- config_name: dissociatives
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/dissociatives/part-*.parquet
- config_name: dxm
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/dxm/part-*.parquet
- config_name: fentanyl
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/fentanyl/part-*.parquet
- config_name: ketamine
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/ketamine/part-*.parquet
- config_name: mescaline
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/mescaline/part-*.parquet
- config_name: meth
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/meth/part-*.parquet
- config_name: modafinil
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/modafinil/part-*.parquet
- config_name: noids
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/noids/part-*.parquet
- config_name: opiates
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/opiates/part-*.parquet
- config_name: treedibles
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/treedibles/part-*.parquet
extra_gated_heading: Request access to the OP-R1 Reddit corpus
extra_gated_button_content: I agree to all terms above
extra_gated_description: This dataset contains pseudonymized but re-identifiable social-media content about substance use. Access is reviewed manually and granted only for public-health / harm-reduction research. Requests without a verifiable institutional affiliation and a specific research purpose will be declined.
extra_gated_prompt: '**DATA USE AGREEMENT — read in full before requesting access.**


  This corpus contains Reddit posts and comments about drug use, including opioids. Author usernames are replaced by salted HMAC pseudonyms, but the dataset **retains original Reddit post/comment identifiers** (`id`, `link_id`, `parent_id`). Those identifiers can be resolved on reddit.com to the original content and, where not deleted, to the author''s real account. **Treat every record as identifiable personal data concerning health and potentially criminal conduct.**


  By requesting access you represent that you have read this agreement and agree to be bound by it.


  **1. Permitted use.** Aggregate public-health, harm-reduction, epidemiological, computational-social-science or NLP research, conducted under the oversight of an IRB / research ethics committee (or a documented determination that such oversight is not required in your jurisdiction).


  **2. Prohibited uses.** You will NOT: (a) attempt to re-identify, deanonymize, unmask or determine the real-world identity of any individual, including by resolving retained Reddit identifiers, cross-referencing external data, or querying any API or web service with dataset content; (b) contact, message, survey, recruit, profile, monitor or surveil any individual represented in the data; (c) use the data for law-enforcement, prosecutorial, immigration, insurance, credit, employment or any other adverse determination about an individual; (d) use it for commercial purposes, advertising, or targeting; (e) use it to facilitate the acquisition or distribution of controlled substances; (f) publish, present or otherwise disclose any verbatim quotation, username, pseudonymous `user_id`, Reddit identifier, or any other detail that could reasonably permit identification of an individual.


  **3. No redistribution.** You will not republish, mirror, share, sublicense, post to any public repository or model hub, or otherwise transfer the data or any substantial derivative of it, in whole or in part, to any third party. Access is personal to you. Collaborators must request access individually. Models trained on this data must not be released if they can reproduce identifying content.


  **4. Security.** You will store the data on access-controlled systems, restrict access to named personnel covered by this agreement, and not upload it to third-party services (including commercial LLM APIs) that may retain, train on, or disclose it.


  **5. Underlying rights.** Content remains the intellectual property of its original authors and is subject to the Reddit User Agreement. This dataset is a research derivative; nothing here grants you rights in the underlying content. You are responsible for your own compliance with Reddit''s terms and with all applicable law, including GDPR, HIPAA and equivalents.


  **6. Deletion.** You will delete all copies upon completion of the stated research, upon withdrawal of access, or on request of the maintainers.


  **7. Incident reporting.** You will report any accidental disclosure, re-identification, breach, or loss of control of the data to the maintainer within 72 hours.


  **8. Publication.** Report results in aggregate. Paraphrase rather than quote. Cite the dataset and the upstream arctic_shift project.


  **9. Termination.** Access may be revoked at any time, with or without cause. Breach terminates your rights immediately and obliges you to delete all copies.


  **10. No warranty.** Provided "as is", without warranty of any kind. The maintainers accept no liability arising from your use. The data is a non-representative convenience sample and must not be used for clinical, diagnostic, or individual decision-making purposes.

  **11. Images — additional restrictions.** This dataset contains photographs posted by Reddit users. Images can identify a person in ways text cannot: a face, a tattoo, a hand, a recognisable room, a prescription label, a street view. In addition to the terms above you will NOT: (a) run face detection, face recognition, biometric extraction, or any person-matching or clustering technique intended to group images by depicted individual; (b) attempt to read, enhance, or reconstruct any text visible in an image that identifies a person, address, prescription, or account; (c) perform reverse-image search on any image, or submit any image to a third-party service that performs one; (d) reproduce any image, crop, or thumbnail in a publication, presentation, poster, or model card. Report image findings only in aggregate.


  **12. Image provenance and integrity.** Images were retrieved from the URLs recorded in the posts, not from Reddit''s API. Some were deleted or replaced by the host before retrieval; such records are marked in `image_status` and carry no image bytes. EXIF and other embedded metadata are stripped on ingest, but you must not treat that as a guarantee that no identifying information remains **inside the visible frame**.'
extra_gated_fields:
  Full name: text
  Institutional email: text
  Institution / organization: text
  Role:
    type: select
    options:
    - Faculty / PI
    - Postdoc
    - PhD student
    - Masters/Undergrad student
    - Research staff
    - Industry researcher
    - Other
  Country: country
  Supervisor or PI (if student): text
  Describe your specific research question and intended use: text
  IRB / ethics review status:
    type: select
    options:
    - Approved - I can provide the protocol number
    - Submitted, pending approval
    - Formal determination that review is not required
    - Not applicable - please explain above
  I will not attempt to re-identify or deanonymize any individual: checkbox
  I will not contact, survey, profile or surveil anyone in the data: checkbox
  I will not use the data for law-enforcement or any adverse determination about an individual: checkbox
  I will not redistribute the data or share my access with others: checkbox
  I will not publish verbatim quotes, usernames or Reddit identifiers: checkbox
  I will not upload the data to third-party services that may retain or train on it: checkbox
  I will delete all copies when my research concludes or access is withdrawn: checkbox
  I will not run face recognition, biometric extraction or person-matching on the images: checkbox
  I will not reverse-image-search any image or submit images to third-party services: checkbox
  I will not reproduce any image in a publication, presentation or model card: checkbox
  I agree to the full Data Use Agreement above: checkbox
dataset_info:
- config_name: default
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: 1P_LSD
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: 1V_LSD
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: 2cb
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: 4acodmt
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: 5MeODMT
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: AMT
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: Ayahuasca
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: CannabisExtracts
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: DMT
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: DMXE
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: DPH
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: DrugCombos
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: Drugs
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: LSA
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: LSD
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: MDMA
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: MXE
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: MemantineHCl
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: Nootropics
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: PCP
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: adderall
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: afinil
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: ambien
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: anabolic
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: benzodiazepines
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: cannabis
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: cocaine
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: dissociatives
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: dxm
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: fentanyl
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: ketamine
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: mescaline
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: meth
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: modafinil
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: noids
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: opiates
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
- config_name: treedibles
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: kind
    dtype: string
  - name: subreddit
    dtype: string
  - name: source
    dtype: string
  - name: user_id
    dtype: string
  - name: created_utc
    dtype: timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: int64
  - name: link_id
    dtype: string
  - name: parent_id
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: post_hint
    dtype: string
  - name: is_gallery
    dtype: bool
  - name: has_image
    dtype: bool
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: album_images
    list: image
  - name: n_album_images
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_status
    dtype: string
  - name: image_sha256
    dtype: string
  - name: image_bytes
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_mime
    dtype: string
  - name: image_width
    dtype: int64
  - name: image_height
    dtype: int64
---

# OP-Reddit-Image

A **full mirror** of [`OP-R1/OP-Reddit-Post`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OP-R1/OP-Reddit-Post)
— all 46,934,806 rows — with each post's image attached where it could still be
retrieved. Mirroring rather than shipping images alone means you never have to
join two separately gated datasets to put a post's text next to its picture.

## Scale

| | |
|---|---:|
| rows (identical to OP-Reddit-Post) | 46,934,806 |
| posts flagged `has_image` | 656,932 |
| **posts with an image retrieved** | **373,752** |
| of which imgur albums | 6,968 |
| total images (incl. album members) | 379,541 |
| size | ~372 GB across 285 shards |

## Retrieval outcomes

Every flagged post was attempted exactly once. Rows whose image could not be
retrieved are **kept**, with `image_status` recording why — a missing image is
itself a signal, and dropping those rows would bias the corpus toward newer,
better-preserved content.

| `image_status` | rows | meaning |
|---|---:|---|
| `no_image` | 46,277,880 | not an image post (comments, text posts) |
| `ok` | 373,752 | image retrieved and stored |
| `404` | 272,241 | host no longer has it — deleted |
| `placeholder` | 3,703 | host returned a stand-in image, not the original |
| `unsupported_host` | 2,630 | host outside the fetch scope (giphy, discord, …) |
| `removed_page` | 2,442 | host served an HTML removal page instead of an image |
| `skipped_album` | 2,010 | imgur album that no longer resolves to any image |
| `not_an_image` | 141 | URL resolved to video (gifv/mp4) |
| `error` | 7 | genuine fetch failure |

**41.4% of flagged images were already gone.** That is the most important
number here for anyone reasoning about coverage: this is a salvage of what
survived, not a record of what was posted.

`placeholder` and `removed_page` deserve attention. imgur answers a request for
a deleted image with **HTTP 200** — sometimes a 503-byte PNG, sometimes an HTML
page. A fetcher that trusts status codes records both as successes. They are
detected here by content hash and response type and are never stored as images.

## Albums

An imgur album is a single *post* holding several images. 8,978 posts pointed at
one; 6,968 still resolved, yielding **12,757 images** (6,491 albums hold one
image, 592 hold more, 259 hold six or more).

* `image` — the album's **first** image, so album posts behave like any other
  image post for the viewer and for `image is not null` filters
* `album_images` — a `Sequence(Image())` with the **complete** album, in album order
* `n_album_images` — how many; `0` for non-album posts

## Columns

Every column from `OP-Reddit-Post`, plus:

| Column | Type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| `image` | `Image` | The image, EXIF-stripped. Null unless `image_status = "ok"`. |
| `album_images` | `Sequence(Image)` | All images of an imgur album, in order. Empty otherwise. |
| `n_album_images` | `int64` | Album size; `0` when not an album. |
| `image_status` | `string` | See the table above. Never null. |
| `image_sha256` | `string` | SHA-256 of the stored bytes of `image`. |
| `image_bytes` | `int64` | Size of `image` in bytes. |
| `image_mime` | `string` | `image/jpeg`, `image/png`, `image/gif`. |
| `image_width` / `image_height` | `int64` | Pixel dimensions of `image`. |

## Processing notes

**EXIF is stripped losslessly.** JPEG APP1/APP13/APP14 segments and PNG text
chunks are removed by walking the container, without re-encoding — the pixels
are byte-identical to what the host served, with no generation loss. This
removes GPS coordinates, device serial numbers and capture timestamps. It does
**not** guarantee the visible content of an image is free of identifying
detail; see the access agreement.

**Row order** within each subreddit matches `OP-Reddit-Post`, which is
user-contiguous, so a user's records stay adjacent here too.

**Verification.** Row counts match `OP-Reddit-Post` exactly in all 37
partitions; all 46,934,806 rows were checked against the fetch log with zero
status mismatches; 5,380 embedded images were re-hashed with zero SHA-256
mismatches; and every one of the 6,968 album posts and 12,757 album images was
verified exhaustively — count, order, decodability, and that `image` equals
`album_images[0]`.