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75816218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavalska%20Planina
|
Zavalska Planina
|
Zavalska Planina () is a mountain range in Pernik Province, western Bulgaria, forming the westernmost part of the Zavalska–Plana chain of the Srednogorie mountain range system.
The mountain range spans in direction northwest–southeast for about 20 km; the width is 4 to 5 km. To the northeast the Yaroslavska Valley (964 m) connects it to the Viskyar mountain range and to the southeast a valley separates it from the Greben ridge of Viskyar. To the southwest the valley of the river Yablanitsa, a right tributary of the Erma, forms the boundary with the small mountain ranges Ezdimirska Planina and Strazha of the Kraishte region, while a 878 m saddle links it to Lyubash. To the northwest a 971 m saddle connects it to the mountain range of Greben.
Zavalska Planina consists of several parallel ridges in direction northwest–southeast separated by longitudinal valleys. It main ridge rises to 1,000–1,100 m. It highest summit is Kitka (1,181 m), situated 1.4 km northwest of the village of Zavala. It is made up mainly of Upper Cretaceous sandstones, marl, limestone, tuff, tuffite and thick andesite beds. Along part of its ridge passes the main watershed of Bulgaria between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea basins. Zavalska Planina is the source of the Konska reka, a right tributary of the Struma of the Aegean basin, and several small right tributaries of the Yablanitsa of the Black Sea basin. The soil cover consists of cinnamon and light brown forest soils. The mountain range is mostly deforested, with some oak and hornbeam forests.
There are one town and 12 villages in the mountain range and its slopes — the town of Breznik and the villages of Bilintsi, Butrointsi, Vidritsa, Vrabcha, Garlo, Zavala, Mraketintsi, Murtintsi, Nedelkovo, Prodancha, Filipovtsi and Yaroslavtsi.
| 2.203125
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75816414
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddebostan
|
Caddebostan
|
In the Ottoman times, Caddebostan was referred to as Cadı Bostanı ("witch garden"), as outlaws commonly hid in the neighborhood. In 1906, the Ragıp Pasha Mansion was built by August Jasmund who also constructed the Sirkeci railway station. In the Republic era of Turkey, when the neighborhood became more developed, with a dock opening on the shore, the name was changed to Caddebostan, which literally translates to "street garden".
In 1930, a separate neighborhood unit was created for Caddebostan, separating it from Erenköy and Göztepe. The neighborhood became a place for entertainment with its beaches and a casino opening in the 40's. (Currently, the casino is closed.) In the 60's, Caddebostan and the surrounding area started rapidly urbanizing. In 1985, the Caddebostan Coast was filled which increased Caddebostan's popularity further, though this led to the closure of the dock.
Caddebostan today
Education
While Caddebostan is a small neighbourhood in terms of size, it has many schools; both public and private. These private schools include Irmak Schools and İSTEK Semiha Şakir Schools.
Culture
There is a cultural center, CKM, short for Caddebostan Kültür Merkezi (Caddebostan Cultural Center in English) located in Caddebostan. The place includes one theater hall, many movie theaters and other facilities such as a gym, a bookshop, a library, and a bar.
Attractions
Caddebostan has the very popular Caddebostan Coast which people often walk, run, or cycle by the cycling routes. There are often events organized on the coast, several of them sponsored by Red Bull. The coast is approximately 950 meters long. The Caddebostan Coast also includes the three Caddebostan Beaches. The coast includes the Dalyan Park which contains facilities such as playgrounds and sport related installments. There are basketball fields opened by famous players like Kobe Bryant and Shane Larkin. It is possible to swim in the waters of Caddebostan unlike most places in Istanbul (due to pollution). In the summer, it gets very crowded.
| 2.28125
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75816431
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shailesh%20Kumar%20%28para-athlete%29
|
Shailesh Kumar (para-athlete)
|
Shialesh Kumar (born 8 August 2000) is a para jumper from Bihar. He represented India in the men's high jump at the 2022 Asian Para Games at Hangzhou, China. He won a gold medal in the men's T63 high jump event clearing 1.82 meters on 23 October 2023. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris.
Early life and background
Kumar hails from Islamnagar in Aliganj block, Jamui district, Bihar. In T63 classification, athletes with a single leg above the knee amputation compete with a prosthesis.
Early life and education
Kumar was born to Pratima Devi and Shivnandan Yadav and has two brothers. He did his graduation in Mathematics. He is currently being supported by Olympic Gold Quest, a sports NGO.
Career
He also represented India at the World Para Athletics Championships at Paris in July 2023 and won a silver medal. He qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics. He won the National Championship at Bhubaneswar in March 2022.
He also broke the nine-year-old Asian Para Games record of 1.80m set by Paralympics medalist Sharad Kumar in 2014. Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Kumar for winning the gold medal. He is currently serving as a Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) in the State of Bihar.
| 2.109375
| 0
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75816458
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois%20Pogatscher
|
Alois Pogatscher
|
Alois Pogatscher (born April 17, 1852, in Graz, died December 14, 1935, in the same place) was an Austrian philologist of English. His doctoral thesis was described in 2000 as "Die bislang umfassendste Arbeit zum Lehnwortschatz des Altenglishen" ('the most comprehensive work to date on the loan-vocabulary of Old English').
Life
The son of a master metalsmith, Pogatscher studied classical philology and German studies at the University of Graz from 1871 to 1873, and German, Romance studies and English studies at the University of Vienna from 1873. After receiving his doctorate at the University of Strasbourg in 1889, he became a professor in Graz in 1908.
Major works
Author
Zur Volksetymologie. Nachträge und Bemerkungen zu Andresens und Palmers Volksetymologischen Schriften. Graz 1884.
Zur Lautlehre der griechischen, lateinischen und romanischen Lehnworte im Altenglischen, Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte der germanischen Völker, 64 (Strassburg: Trübner, 1888).
Editor
Th. v. Karajans Index zu J. Grimms Deutschen Rechtsalterthümern. Salzburg 1877, .
with Edward Adolf Sonnenschein: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Select poems. Edited with life, introductions, and explanatory notes. London 1892.
| 1.945313
| 0
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75816754
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparsh%20Ahuja
|
Sparsh Ahuja
|
Sparsh Ahuja is an Indian-Australian peace activist and documentary filmmaker. He founded Project Dastaan along with Sam Dalrymple and Saadia Gardezi.
Early life and education
Ahuja was born in India and grew up in Australia. He graduated from University of Oxford with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in philosophy, politics and economics as a Fitz Randolph Scholar.
Career
Ahuja founded Project Dastaan which is a peace initiative aimed at reintegrating refugees displaced by the Partition of India of 1947 with their ancestral homes.
Ahuja is the director of Child of Empire, a VR docu-drama based on the 1947 partition. It premiered at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival.
Ahuja directed a documentary titled Birdsong: the dying whistled language of the Hmong people in northern Laos in 2023. It was awarded a special mention at Palm Springs International ShortFest and was shortlisted by International Documentary Association for the 39th IDA Documentary Awards. The documentary was shortlisted for a Gierson Award, and later acquired by The Guardian.
Ahuja is an explorer with National Geographic.
| 2.234375
| 0
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75816908
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27b%20Dhu%20Marathid
|
Sa'b Dhu Marathid
|
Ṣaʿb Dhu Marāthid (also al-Ṣaʿb b. Dhī Marāthid) was a mythical world-conqueror figure described in the medieval Islamic tradition as the tenth South Arabian king of the Himyarite Kingdom. Early in life, Sa'b repeatedly receives prophetic dreams that foreshadow his future as the ruler of the world. To understand these visions, the interpreters and religious leaders in his circle send him to Jerusalem to meet a mysterious figure named Moses al-Khidr. Al-Khidr establishes Sa'b's future as the world-conqueror, and endows him with the title Dhu al-Qarnayn. From then on, Sa'b gathers an army and he conquers all kingdoms, among them the great civilizations of India, China, and Iran. During his travels, he also experiences epic journeys and quests, such as constructing a wall against the barbarian tribes Gog and Magog or meeting Israfil, the angel of death. Spiritual encounters with God enable him continue on. Ultimately, he decides to return to his home after completing all he had sought to do, but dies on the way back in Babylon after a brief illness.
The biography of Sa'b is largely borrowed from that of Alexander the Great as it occurs in the legendary Alexander Romance tradition. Following Alexander, South Arabian tradition identified him as Dhu al-Qarnayn, a character in the Quran appearing in Surah Al-Kahf. The main source for traditions about Sa'b is The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar by Ibn Hisham.
Etymology
The word saʿb may variously mean "headstrong" or "obstinate" whereas marāthid might refer to "a generous man".
| 2.625
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75816948
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962%20East%20Pakistan%20Provincial%20Assembly%20election
|
1962 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election
|
Provincial Assembly elections were held in East Pakistan in May 1962 as part of the wider provincial elections.
Background
The East Pakistan Provincial Assembly had been suspended in 1958 after President Iskandar Ali Mirza introduced martial law. A new constitution was adopted in 1962, which provided for an indirectly elected 155-seat Provincial Assembly, of which 150 seats were elected from single-member constituencies by electoral colleges under the "basic democracy" system, and five seats were reserved for women, who were elected by the 150 elected members divided into five constituencies. In East Pakistan there were 40,000 members of the electoral college. Elections were to be held on a non-partisan basis.
Aftermath
Elections to the National Assembly were held at the same time and the newly elected National Assembly convened for its first meeting on 8 June. Martial law was ended, and political parties were allowed to reform after the passing of the Political Parties Bill on 17 July. In East Pakistan this included the Awami League of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the National Awami Party of Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani.
| 2.3125
| 0
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75817077
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji%20streaked%20fantail
|
Fiji streaked fantail
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The Fiji streaked fantail (Rhipidura layardi) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae that is endemic to the islands of Fiji. It was formerly considered to be subspecies of the streaked fantail (now the New Caledonian streaked fantail). Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Taxonomy
The binomial name Rhipidura layardi was introduced in 1877 by the Italian zoologist Tommaso Salvadori as a replacement name for Rhipidura albogularis. This earlier name had been introduced by the naturalist Edgar Leopold Layard in 1875 based on a specimen collected on the island of Ovalau in the Fiji islands. The specific epithet albogulari was preoccupied as it had been used in 1831 in the combination Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis by the French naturalist René Lesson for the white-spotted fantail.
Three subspecies are recognised:
R. l. rufilateralis Sharpe, 1879 – Taveuni (central north Fiji)
R. l. layardi Salvadori, 1877 – Viti Levu and Ovalau (Lomaiviti group; west Fiji)
R. l. erythronota Sharpe, 1879 – Vanua Levu and Yanganga (north of northwest Vanua Levu; central north Fiji)
| 2.40625
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75818597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20V%C3%A9laz%20de%20Medrano%20IV
|
Juan Vélaz de Medrano IV
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On the 14th of June, 1412, in Pamplona, the court document reads:
The court of the Crown condemns the jurors, foremen and council of Orendáin and former neighbors of Artazu, Soracoiz and Guirguilaño, for rebelling against Juan Velaz de Medrano, lord of Orendain, gentleman, whom they wanted to kill, for the payment of a dinner in 1410.
As outlined in the court document, the root cause of the conflict stemmed from the payment of the dinner. The dinner represents one of the tributes that unmistakably illustrates the feudal subordination to the lord. In the early stages of feudalism in Navarre, the prevailing practice was for the dinner to be an annual repast benefiting a set number of lords and mounts. As noted by Juan José Larrea, this tribute was perceived as a potentially burdensome and particularly detested obligation.
Despite the franchises and consolidations of taxes that many communities had achieved in the 12th and 13th centuries, the dinner did not easily vanish from the stately landscape of Navarre. The personal visit of Juan Vélaz de Medrano to collect the dinner in Orendáin suggests that the customary perception of this tribute mirrored the La Oliva model, where farmers were obligated to provide sustenance for the lord's entourage and their mounts. It is likely that the presence of Medrano's retinue played a role in thwarting the assault by around twenty angry peasants in 1410.
Results of the rebellion
On the 19th of May, 1412, King Charles III of Navarre declared:
Simeno Miguel d'Artaeu, and certain other residents of the Orendáin logar have been condemned by our court, each one in the sum of fifteen strong carlin pounds for the reason that in said logar, they made a certain invasion of our well-beloved mossen Juan Vélaz de Medrano, knight.
| 2.171875
| 0
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75818597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20V%C3%A9laz%20de%20Medrano%20IV
|
Juan Vélaz de Medrano IV
|
During her time, she devoted herself to a deeply spiritual life, undertaking numerous acts of religious charity. She founded chaplaincies, hermitages, and religious brotherhoods. For example, a chaplaincy in Ujué provided meals for five impoverished individuals, while she also supported the hermits of Santa Brígida near Olite—whose habit featured the Holy Spirit’s emblem—and backed a Charity brotherhood in Pamplona.
Notably, she displayed strong devotion to the Virgin of the Pillar, undertaking a pilgrimage to her shrine in 1433, accompanied by Prince Charles, her lady-in-waiting Catalina de Beaumont, and her chamberlain, Juan Vélaz de Medrano.
During this pilgrimage, they all wore mantles displaying the Pillar’s livery. She used this occasion to establish a brotherhood inspired by chivalric traditions, admitting the prince, fifteen men, and nine women. Members wore blue sashes adorned with a gold pillar enameled in white, encircled by the motto “A ti me arrimo” (I lean on you). They committed to regular fasting, vigil observances, prayer, and giving alms.
Death
The last recorded mention of Juan Vélaz de Medrano dates back to January 1441, and it is presumed that his death occurred not long after.
Family
Juan Vélaz de Medrano, fourth of his name, was the son of Álvar Díaz de Medrano y Almoravid, Lord of Iguzquiza, alcaide of Monjardin Castle in 1380, and ricohombre of Navarre. His father was listed among the king's Mesnaderos in 1381–1382. His father also attended the Cortes held in Pamplona by Charles III of Navarra, in 1386.
Juan was related to Pedro Gómez de Medrano, who was appointed as the alcaide of the castle of Los Arcos in 1467. Juan Vélaz de Medrano is the maternal great-grandfather of Juan López Vélaz de Eulate y Vélaz de Medrano, son of Maria Vélaz de Medrano, commander of Indurain, representative of the Ecclesiastical branch in 1525 at the General Courts of the Kingdom of Navarre and a member of His Majesty's Royal Council.
| 2.1875
| 0
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75818811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser%20Creek
|
Kaiser Creek
|
Kaiser Creek is an approximately 3 mile (4.8 km) long perennial creek in western Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a tributary of the Upper San Leandro Reservoir, part of the larger San Leandro Creek system.
Course
Kaiser Creek begins as a number of springs and seeps along the crest of Rocky Ridge at an elevation of 2,024 feet (617 m) in the EBMUD San Leandro watershed. In its initial course, Kaiser Creek has a steep descent westward through a narrow canyon carved out of the Briones Sandstone. A series of waterfalls define the upper course of Kaiser Creek, where it has eroded through the uplift that forms Rocky Ridge. It receives a named tributary, Callahan Creek, close to its headwaters.
After descending off of the ridge, it meanders westward through a forested valley for approximately 2 miles to its confluence with Buckhorn Creek at the Upper San Leandro Reservoir.
Historically, Kaiser Creek would have received Buckhorn Creek as a tributary and flowed for approximately one mile further before joining the main stem of San Leandro Creek which flows south and west, draining into San Francisco Bay at Arrowhead Marsh; but the construction of the Upper San Leandro Reservoir has seasonally inundated the confluence of these two creeks.
Kaiser Creek maintains a strong flow well into the dry season and rarely ceases to flow, unlike neighboring watersheds.
Geography & Geology
| 2.484375
| 0
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75818811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser%20Creek
|
Kaiser Creek
|
Geography
Kaiser Creek has its source on Rocky Ridge in the Inner Coast Ranges, one of the highest and most prominent points in Contra Costa County, California. It soon crosses into Alameda County towards the rest of the San Leandro Creek watershed. Its catchment exhibits a character typical of many other headwater streams in the Inner Coast Ranges, with steep ridge topography intersected by numerous small valleys. Vegetation in the watershed is characteristic of much of the East Bay region, dominated by oak-laurel forests and grassland. The area has a Cool-summer mediterranean climate, modulated by frequent fogs from the Pacific Ocean.
Kaiser Creek is located in the East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD) Upper San Leandro Reservoir watershed, a 49 square mile area of protected land draining into the Upper San Leandro Reservoir. Access to the watershed is restricted by a permit system and visitors to the area are expected to abide by a set of guidelines put in place to preserve not only the watershed but the habitat contained within it.A dirt road, Kaiser Creek road, follows the creek from Upper San Leandro Reservoir to Rocky Ridge Road, on Rocky Ridge. The road represents the only large-scale development in the Kaiser Creek watershed. Water is drawn from the upper reaches of the creek at certain times of year for the purpose of providing it to cattle.
There are no towns or residential developments in the watershed, however the nearest town is Moraga, California and the residential communities located to the north.
Geology
Much of the rock in the Kaiser Creek watershed is relatively young and soft sandstone of the Briones group, as well as members of the Orinda group, mainly composed of sandstones, mudstones, conglomerates and a single occurrence of basalt underlying Kaiser Creek high in its course, dubbed the Kaiser Creek Basalt. All of the rock is dated from the late Miocene to the Pliocene (~10 Mya – 2.5 Mya)
| 2.90625
| 0
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75818811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser%20Creek
|
Kaiser Creek
|
Kaiser Creek flows through a steep canyon flanked by rounded hills covered in chaparral and woodlands. Dense forests of Coast live oak, Valley oak, California bay and California buckeye cover the shaded areas in the Kaiser Creek watershed while open grasslands predominate on exposed slopes. The creek and its tributaries are shaded by a variety of oaks and laurel, White alder and Arroyo willow. White alder in particular are the dominant streamside tree along much of Kaiser Creek. Higher elevation areas in the watershed on Rocky Ridge have extensive areas of chaparral and large outcrops of sandstone.
Because of the Kaiser Creek watershed's protected status, it is home to abundant wildlife including Black-tailed deer, Coyote, Cottontail rabbits, Bobcats and a variety of reptiles and amphibians including the Alameda whipsnake and California newt. The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake is the only venomous reptile native to the area.
Forests and prairies in the watershed are inhabited by a large and vocal population of songbirds and raptors like the Red-shouldered hawk. Rock outcrops high in the watershed provide nesting and roosting habitat for turkey vultures and a variety of other large birds.
Rainbow Trout Population
Kaiser Creek is unique among streams of the East Bay in that it retains a population of non-hybridized Coastal rainbow trout. As a result of rapid urbanization, drastic land use changes and a lack of understanding of local ecosystems in the 20th century, rainbow trout were extirpated from the majority of watersheds across the Bay Area. Kaiser Creek maintains ample flow through the dry season in most years, making it an exceptionally valuable resource for native trout.
A report conducted by the Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration (CEMAR) on the present distribution of Steelhead in the streams of San Francisco Bay Area stated that:
| 2.984375
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75819421
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem%20%28school%29
|
Meristem (school)
|
Curriculum
Students are encouraged to work with their hands and are given the needed time to complete tasks at their own pace. This is to enable the student to acquire confidence to solve problems in the real world, learning how to overcome obstacles and embrace challenges. To learn transferable professional skills, there are three campus enterprises run by students: a B&B, Meristem bakery and Meristem health and beauty products. The core areas of the curriculum are movement, land work, craftwork, independent living skills, and preparation to work. There is hands-on learning in 10 vocational trades, including metalworking, woodworking, culinary arts and agriculture, among others.
Employment
To help its graduates find employment, Meristem has worked with the state of California to produce a pilot project to teach employers on how to hire, train and retain people with autism, "this untapped and valuable group of employees." Also, part of the Meristem curriculum includes placing students in paid jobs, internships or volunteer positions at local businesses.
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75819492
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre%20Dame%20de%20Roscudon%20Church
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Notre Dame de Roscudon Church
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The southern front
The north elevation is relatively poorly treated. The southern front, on the other hand, is richly decorated with several different elements: the southern porch; the baptismal font chapel; the transept gable; the window in the south aisle of the choir, and finally the large southern apse chapel. The difference in level between the west facade and the slightly higher chevet adds a special charm to the whole.
The southern portal is one of the church's architectural gems. The general structure is based on that of the northern portal of the Cordeliers church in Quimper: an arch framed by two masonry massifs, surmounted by three acute gables, the central one being the highest. These spandrels are decorated with a latticework of roses and quatrefoils, reminiscent of the great portals of the late 13th century, such as the Portals des Libraires and de la Calende in Rouen Cathedral. The main difference lies in the fact that the properties of granite have imposed a blind decoration, whereas radiating gables are generally openwork. The decoration continues on the buttresses and side walls of the porch interior, as well as around the portal that gives access to the church. The capitals of the entire porch are similar to those of the Carmes church in Pont-l'Abbé, which is nearing completion, allowing us to date this phase of construction to the 1420s.
The gable wall of the transept gives access to the church through a tiers-point portal surmounted by an archivolt in accolade; two large buttresses support it, one on each side.
The chapel to the south of the apse, built at right-angles to the apse, is lit from the east by a triplet of irregular bays falling on trumeau unified by a plant frieze. These openings feature an Anglo-Norman style of angular trefoils.
The crossing tower and its spire
| 2.109375
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75819989
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Marcus
|
Helen Marcus
|
Helen Mae Marcus (October 28, 1925 – October 1, 2023) was an American photographer.
Early life and education
Marcus was born in 1925 to Augusta (Hittleman) Marcus, a Russian immigrant, and Joseph Marcus, a shoe store owner. She completed her education at A.B. Davis High School, Mount Vernon, New York, and later obtained a bachelor's degree in theater and economics from Smith College in 1946.
Career
Marcus initially pursued a career in theater production, working with director Hal Prince, and later transitioned to television production at Goodson-Todman Productions from 1955 to 1974.
Her interest in photography, which began as a hobby, gradually became her professional focus. Her works were published in notable magazines including Time, Forbes, and Gourmet, and also featured in The New York Times. Her photographs are part of the permanent collections of the National Portrait Gallery and the International Center of Photography.
In the late 1970s, following the Cultural Revolution, Marcus was among the first Americans invited to China. She held teaching positions at the Parsons School of Design, the School of Visual Arts, and the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Trained under Philippe Halsman, a noted Life magazine photographer, Marcus specialized in portrait photography, capturing figures such as Mary Higgins Clark, Norman Mailer, Tom Wolfe, Kitty Carlisle, Cliff Robertson, and Merv Griffin.
A notable assignment in her career was photographing author Toni Morrison in 1977. A photograph from this session was later used for a Swedish postage stamp commemorating Morrison's Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.
| 2.3125
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75820315
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Dietloff%20von%20Arnim-Boitzenburg
|
Georg Dietloff von Arnim-Boitzenburg
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Georg Dietloff von Arnim-Boitzenburg (18 September 1679 – 20 October 1753) was a Prussian statesman and senior minister under Frederick the Great.
Early life
Arnim was born on 18 September 1679 in Haus Necheln in the Uckermark into the Prussian noble von Arnim family. He was the son of Euphemia von Blankenburg (1644–1712) and Jakob Dietlof von Arnim (1645–1689), a Brandenburg Colonel in the cavalry and Major General. Among his siblings were Jacob Vivigenz von Arnim (married to Philippine Elisabeth von Arnim), Hans Abraham von Arnim (married to Christiane Rosamude von der Asseburg), and Barbara Sabine von Arnim (wife of Karl Friedrich von Schlippenbach).
His paternal grandparents were Georg Wilhelm von Arnim and Barbara Sabine von Hohendorf. The Brandenburg Field Marshal Georg Abraham von Arnim was his uncle.
He attended the University of Königsberg in 1688, before he turned nine years old, then transferring to the University of Halle, where he studied until 1699. He then traveled through Germany, the Netherlands, France and Italy as part of his Grand Tour.
Career
In 1703, he became a chamberlain at the Brandenburg-Prussian court. He also served in the Prussian army and took part in the Battle of Höchstädt in 1704 where he was wounded.
In 1706, he was appointed governor of the Uckermark. In 1710, he managed to pay off the co-heirs of the Boitzenburger estate, redeem pledged property and become the sole owner of the villages of Kröchlendorff (today part of Nordwestuckermark), Milow, Kuhz, Wichmannsdorf, Kleinow and Falkenwalde. He had a manor built in the baroque style (Kröchlendorff Castle was later built there).
| 1.984375
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75820454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Wilhelm%20von%20Arnim-Boitzenburg
|
Friedrich Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg
|
Friedrich Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg (31 December 1739 – 21 January 1801) was a Prussian civil servant and Minister of War.
Early life
Arnim was born 31 December 1739 in Berlin into the noble Arnim family. He was the only child of Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg (1712–1761), and Anna Elisabeth von der Schulenburg (eldest daughter of Adolph Friedrich von der Schulenburg). His paternal grandfather was Georg Dietloff von Arnim-Boitzenburg.
Career
After studying law in Göttingen, he began his career in the Prussian civil service as a councilor at the Chamber Court in Berlin. In 1764, he became a councilor and assessor at the Uckermark Higher Court, and in 1769 he became a secret judicial councilor and director of the Pupillary college and the Uckermark Higher Court, which he presided over until 1780. In 1786 he was appointed real secret budget, war and directing minister and vice president of the general directorate.
Arnim was raised to the hereditary Prussian count on 2 October 1786 by King Frederick William II. He was also a Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle.
He became president of the forestry department and chief hunter. In these two offices he made lasting contributions to the promotion of forestry and agriculture in Prussia. From 1786 to 1798 he was Royal Prussian Minister of State and War. In 1798 he took his leave for health reasons.
Personal life
In 1764 Arnim was married to Baroness Freda Antoinette von Cramm (1747–1817), a daughter of Baron Franz Jakob von Cramm and Anna Magdalena Wilhelmine von Krosigk. Together, they were the parents of two children:
Johann Erdmann von Arnim(1766–1766), who died young.
Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim (1767–1812), who married Georgine Charlotte Auguste von Wallmoden-Gimborn, a daughter of Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn (himself an illegitimate son of King George II of Great Britain by his mistress Amalie von Wallmoden).
Arnim died in Berlin on 21 January 1801.
| 2.140625
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75820461
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20students%20in%20the%20United%20States
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International students in the United States
|
As per Opendoor's’ 2021 report, India is the second most common place of origin for international students in the United States while ranking at 22 as a study abroad destination for U.S. students. According to a report by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, these international students in 2020 had an economic impact of approximately $6.2 billion. The total number of international students from India in the years 2018–19 and 2019–20 were 202,014 and 193,124 respectively. This number dropped by 13.2% for the year 2020–21. In the academic years 2019–20 and 2020–2021, the applicants in the Graduate and OPT academic level were approximately equal and about 85% of total international students from India. Approximately 14% applied at the undergraduate level while non-degree applicants were the lowest at 1% or less.
The vast majority of international students from India enrolling for study programs choose STEM field. According to OpenDoors’ 2021 report classifying field of study by place of origin, out of the total 167,582 Indian applicants, 33.5% chose to pursue Engineering while 34.8% chose Math or Computer Science as their field of study. Business and Management studies followed far behind at 11.7%. 2023 witnessed approximately 268,923 Indian students choose the US to pursue their higher education, and this number rose to 337,630 in 2024. The number of Indian students enrolling in American universities is set to surge to over 1 million per year by 2030.
| 2.3125
| 0
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75820477
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Barsanti
|
Pietro Barsanti
|
Pietro Barsanti (30 July 1849 – 27 August 1870) was an Italian military soldier. A supporter of republicanism and soldier in the Royal Italian Army with the rank of corporal, he was sentenced to death and shot for having favored an insurrectional attempt against the Savoy monarchy, and is therefore considered the first martyr of the modern Italian Republic, as well as a symbol of modern republicanism in Italy.
Early life
Barsanti was born in Gioviano, a frazione of Borgo a Mozzano (at the time part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany), to Vincenzo and Teresa. He undertook a religious education with the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God and then entered the delle Poverine military college in Florence and the military school of Maddaloni. Having enlisted in the Royal Italian Army and obtained the rank of corporal, he was sent to Reggio Calabria, where he joined the "Universal Republican Alliance", a society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini, which at the time was gathering new converts in the lower ranks of the Royal Italian Army. Transferred to Pavia, Pietro Barsanti served at the Lino barracks as a picket officer.
| 1.96875
| 0
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75820544
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Hilda%27s%20Church%2C%20Ampleforth
|
St Hilda's Church, Ampleforth
|
St Hilda's Church is the parish church of Ampleforth, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
The church was first built in mid 12th century, although only the tower arch and reset north doorway survive from this period. The south doorway dates from the early 13th century, and the chancel was rebuilt later in the century, when new windows were added to the nave. The tower was rebuilt in the 16th century. In 1868, T. H. and F. Healey undertook a heavy restoration of the church, adding a north aisle, replacing the east window, and refacing the walls. The church was Grade II listed in 1955.
The church is built of limestone, and has a slate roof. It consists of a west tower, a four-bay nave, and a two-bay chancel. The tower has a trefoil-headed window to the west and belfry windows on each side, and is topped with battlements and pinnacles. The north door has rough carvings, some of which depict the signs of the zodiac. Inside, there is a 12th-century font, a 14th-century effigy of a man and woman, and a tomb slab of similar date.
| 2.25
| 0
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75820689
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative%20Medal%20of%20the%20African%20Campaigns
|
Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns
|
King Victor Emmanuel III modified the original legislation establishing the medal with Royal Decree Number 562 of 5 October 1906 and then again with Royal Decree Number 2067 of 27 August 1923. Given the lack of combat actions in Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in the years since the original decree and the involvement of Italian forces based in those colonies in conflicts elsewhere in the expanding Italian Empire, notably in Libya during and since Italy's conquest of Ottoman Libya in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, the 1923 decree in particular expanded the geographic eligibility for the medal to parts of Africa outside of Eritrea and Italian Somaliland and renamed it the Medal in Memory of the Campaigns and Service Provided in the Italian Colonies of East Africa and in the Related Areas of Influence.
With Royal Decree Number 1898 of 1927, Victor Emmanuel III further expanded geographic eligibility for the medal for operations in Italian East Africa and for the first time extended eligibility for the medal to personnel of the Regia Aeronautica ("Royal Air Force"), which had been founded in 1923.
With Royal Decree Number 2463 of 10 May 1937, Victor Emmanuel III replaced the medal, with effect backdated to 3 October 1935 (the first day of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War), with the Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa (), without prejudice to the rights of those who already had been awarded the medal.
Eligibiity
The various decrees establishing and modifying eligibility for the medal led to a lengthy and complicated set of eligibility requirements. As requirements evolved over time from the originally prescribed eligibility of 1894 and modifications were promulgated in 1906, 1923, and 1927, personnel qualified for the medal if they met any one of the following criteria, labeled "a" through "f" in the various decrees:
| 2.09375
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75821031
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20Piece
|
The Big Piece
|
The Big Piece is a large section of the Titanics starboard hull extracted from its wreck. Recovered in 1998, it is the largest piece of the wreck to be recovered and weighs . It is currently located at the Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition at Luxor Las Vegas.
History
Recovery
First spotted in 1994, The Big Piece was recovered by RMS Titanic, Inc., headed by George Tulloch and Paul-Henri Nargeolet, in 1998. It was chosen to be brought to the surface to act as a centerpiece for a planned exhibition where visitors could "immerse themselves in the Titanic." During a failed attempt in 1996, the submersible Nautile attached flotation bags that would lift the artifact to the surface when released. During the two hours it took for the hull to ascend, two cruise ships gathered near the site and allowed occupants to watch. Before it had submerged, the Canadian ship MV Jim Kilabuk arrived to bring the object to Halifax. However, it did not have a winch appropriate for the job, and the piece fell back into the ocean after a storm from Hurricane Edouard. In August 1998, the Abeille Supporter was able to successfully lift the hull to the deck. It weighed about when first recovered.
| 2.5
| 0
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75821031
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20Piece
|
The Big Piece
|
Conservation
The hull ended up being stored in Boston and broken into two parts, due to some concerns about its size during transportation and exhibiting. The second piece was not very large as it was just an extending part. Before being cleaned, it had many rusticles. Many of the bronze parts of the hull, such as the windows, were still in working condition, and remnants of paint could be seen in some areas. Conservation was headed by LP3 Conservation from France and EverGreene Architectural Arts. The artifact was desalinated using sacrificial anodes and soaked in sodium carbonate for 18 months. During the soaking period, it traveled to venues in Boston, St. Paul, and New York City. The rusticles and some loose corroded parts were removed by a 3,000-psi water jet. The piece was then dried using propane torches and the remaining debris was hand-picked off. To neutralize the rust, conservationists applied a 5% tannic acid solution and hot waxed it.
After traveling for a while, being exhibited at places such as the Metreon in San Francisco, the Big Piece ended up on display at the Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition at the Luxor in Las Vegas, which opened in 2008. It has received 22 million visitors as of 2023. The Little Piece is located at a similar exhibition in Orlando, Florida.
| 2.3125
| 0
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75821592
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Gobnait%27s%20well
|
St Gobnait's well
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St Gobnait's well is a religious complex built on the site of a 6th or 7th century nunnery near Ballyvourney, County Cork, Ireland. Consisting of a holy well, two churches and a graveyard, it dates to the Middle Ages. The site is associated with the 8th century saint Gobnait, and today it is a place of veneration and pilgrimage, where people walk around the site reciting the rosary (an act known locally as "doing the rounds in Ballyvourney", Irish: Turas Ghobnatan) to pray for the dying and dead. Eleventh February (Gobnait’s feast day) and Whit Sunday are the two central dates of gathering.
Gobnait was born in the late 6th or early 7th century and became known as the patron saint of beekeepers after sending a swarm of bees to chase away cattle rustlers. The site consists of a well and a 1951 statue of Gobnait, which is separated by a road from a graveyard containing a late medieval Catholic Church (known as St Gobnait’s Church, now in ruins) and a more recent Protestant church, both of which are disused. The site is a popular location for rites of the rosary, having a well defined circular path for pilgrims to walk in prayer, either in remembrance of the dead or to ask Gobnait to aid the dying.
Background
Gobnait was an 6th or 7th century abbess and saint who lived for a time on the island of Inisheer, where she founded a church. She became a healer and established a convent in Ballyvourney, County Cork.
Gobnait is well represented in art: her best-known portrait is Harry Clarke's 1914 stained glass window for the Honan Chapel." Another example is a small wooden statue held by the Catholic church in Ballyvourney and brought out for display once a year on 11 February, her feast day.
| 2.625
| 0
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75821656
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elihu%20Creswell
|
Elihu Creswell
|
Creswell's slave depot
Historians researching slavery in New Orleans have been able to determine some details about Creswell's treatment of the people he owned: He had a separate room in his pen where he could confine the sick separate from the healthy; and he made payments to medical care providers to have "slaves' teeth pulled" and to provide them with medicine. He also sought to "hire out" the people he owned to the maximum extent possible. According to historian Maurie McInnis, Creswell's slave mart was a "two-story brick commercial structure fronted on Common Street, a block west of the St. Charles Hotel. A sign outside read 'Slaves for Sale 156 Common Street,' and a door opened onto a salesroom. Behind this narrow building was a wider building that perhaps served as the jail. In the lot next door, a large open space at the front probably was used as the yard...[and a] high brick wall, at least 10 feet high, 'to prevent slaves from being seen from the street,' as the ordinance specified. That wall, the only thing slaves could see from the yard, cut them off from communication outside the pen."
Death and legacy
A compilation of genealogical records related to the Creswell–Criswell surname that was published in 1966 provides a not-entirely-reliable capsule biography of Elihu Creswell Jr. of Laurens, South Carolina:
There is no secondary evidence that Creswell was an attorney, nor that the cause of his death was typhusone academic history reports that Creswell's cause of death was typhoid fever. The never-married and "left his mother a large estate" details are correct. Creswell's slave pen was not plantation-adjacent, but it was in proximity to the St. Charles Hotel. After the American Civil War, descendants often "scrubbed" the reputations of their slave-trading relations, disguising their antebellum careers with euphemisms like "was in the mercantile business," or by claiming that they had worked as "brokers" or "cotton traders" or even "gamblers."
| 2.6875
| 0
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75821831
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadnagar%20archaeological%20site
|
Vadnagar archaeological site
|
Vadnagar archaeological site is located in Vadnagar in Gujarat, India; it is known for its significant findings of a continuing settlement since ancient or pre-Mauryan times.
Project
Excavations at the archaeological site commenced in 2016 as a collaborative effort that includes archaeologists and experts from IIT Kharagpur, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Deccan College. The joint study project, funded by Infosys Foundation and Government of Gujarat's Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, is intended to shed light on the period between the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation around 4,000 years ago and the emergence of Iron Age cities in northern India. Oxygen isotope analyses of extracted core samples were used to reconstruct climate variation at the site. Combined with stratigraphy, material cultural and textual evidence, and the radiocarbon dating, the proxy climate data were analysed in tandem with evidence of social, cultural and political conditions over the timespan of the settlement.
Findings
A 2024 article detailing the joint study, published in Quaternary Science Reviews, suggests that the settlement in Vadnagar dates to 800 BCE. According to Anindya Sarkar of IIT Kharagpur, the lead author of the study, some of the unpublished radiocarbon samples date back to 1400 BCE. If the dating is confirmed, Sarkar points out this would demonstrate a cultural continuity in India for the last 5500 years.
Cultural stages
Vadnagar was a multicultural and multireligious settlement, its origins pre-dating Jainism and Buddhism. Over its three thousand year history, it has had seven distinct socio-cultural stages, and experienced successive rulerships, including Mauryan, Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Hindu-Solankis, Sultanate-Mughal, and Gaekwad-British colonial rule. With continuous habitation since 800 BCE, it is identified as India's oldest living city within a single fortification.
| 2.71875
| 0
|
75822005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatannuaq
|
Tatannuaq
|
Soon after, the expedition encountered a group of eight Inuit who approached them in shallow water off the Arctic coast, requesting to speak with Tatannuaq. Franklin, initially disapproving, eventually allowed him to go to shore unarmed. Tatannuaq spoke to a group of around forty Inuit, scolding them for the raid on the expedition, and threatened that he would have shot and killed them if they had killed any of the Europeans. The Inuit were said to have expressed remorse for the raid, and the party was able to continue without further incident, beyond firing a warning shot at an allegedly hostile group on the return journey. The party disbanded upon returning to Norway House in June 1827, with Tatannuaq reportedly weeping at the end of the expedition.
Later life and death
From 1827 to 1830 Tatannuaq continued to work for the HBC at Churchill, but would at times make the journey north to visit his family. Aboard the brig Montcalm, he began work as an interpreter at the newly-founded HBC post of Fort Chimo on Ungava Bay (now part of Quebec) in September 1830. Alongside Ooligbuck, he worked there as an interpreter under trader Nicol Finlayson until 1833.
In 1833, he learned that George Back was mounting a search for John Ross's second Arctic expedition, presumed lost, and hurried to join. He possibly arrived at York Factory in September 1833. He proceed to Churchill, where, despite an injured leg, he traveled the on foot through the winter weather to Fort Resolution, possibly accompanying the post's messenger. Arriving at the post in mid-February 1834, he learned that Back had advanced to Fort Reliance. Alongside a Canadian voyageur and an Iroquois scout, Tatannuaq departed to Fort Reliance. When the party became lost, his two companions abandoned him to return to Fort Resolution, and Tatannuaq was stuck in bad weather around from the fort, with his body later found at the Rivière à Jean. Back did not locate Ross, and later learned that Ross had safely returned to England in early 1834.
| 2.625
| 0
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75822223
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cove%20Bay%20%28Saba%29
|
Cove Bay (Saba)
|
In 1963, Saba's airport officially began service, built on the flat stretch of land just above Cove Bay. In the 1990s, there was a leather factory between Cove Bay and the airport; in 2012, Saba Comprehensive School's Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) moved in to the former leather factory building. In 2014, a children's playground was built at Cove Bay.
Nature
Snorkelers or divers can expect to see red and yellow soft corals (Alcyonacea), Devil's Sea Whips (Ellisella barbadensis), Green Moray Eels (Gymnothorax funebris), Midnight Parrotfish (Scarus coelestinus), and Nurse Sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) in Cove Bay.
Birds in the Flat Point area include the Common Ground Dove (Columbigallina passerina nigrirostris), the Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus stolidus), and the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla). Flat Point is a nesting site for the White-tailed Tropicbird (Phaeton lepturus catesbyi; also called the Yellow-billed Tropicbird).
In 2015, sea turtles hatched at Cove Bay.
Amenities
Cove Bay is equipped with a covered area for barbecues, a children's playground area, and public restrooms.
An outdoor restaurant, The Sea Grape Grill, opened just above Cove Bay in 2015-2016. There is also a restaurant in Saba's airport, Runway 30 Sports Bar & Grill (previously Saba Flight Deck).
Cove Bay is not used as a harbour; Saba's harbour is located at Fort Bay.
| 2.25
| 0
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75822266
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%20kreab
|
Num kreab
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Num kreab () is a Khmer thin, round and flat rice cracker that is sold as street food in Cambodia.
History
Unlike num ansorm, which is made for Cambodian New Year, num krieb is not prepared for any specific occasions. Num krieb is frequently made from leftover rice, often by poor farmers who sell it to earn extra income.
Similar to other round rice crackers across Asia, num krieb has the same recipe as the smaller Japanese senbei but is the size of the Indian flatbread bhatura. It is difficult to presume of num krieb's antiquity, though local traditions consider it to be from time immemorial.
Preparation
The num kreab is made from various ingredients including rice, palm sugar, lard, and duck eggs or chicken eggs. The rice is rinsed and soaked in water, then drained and steamed. After that, it is mixed with palm sugar and pressed into small balls. The balls are flattened with a piece of wood or a short round tube and dried in the sun for about 1 to 2 hours before being stored in a basket or pan for grilling.
| 2.015625
| 0
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75822553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Public%20Safety%20Academy
|
Philippine Public Safety Academy
|
The Philippine Public Safety Academy or PPSA, is a public safety school whose graduates are assigned as officers of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP).
History
The PPSA was created by signing Department Circular No. 2022-009 "Creation and Operationalization of Philippine Public Safety Academy (PPSA) pursuant to Republic Act No. 11279.” The Republic Act No. 11279 was an act to turn over the administration of the Philippine National Police Academy to the Philippine National Police.
The Philippine Public Safety Academy: The Humble Beginning
Envisioned to hone future Public Safety Officers who will lead with courage and integrity, the Philippine Public Safety Academy (PPSA) was established under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Circular No. 2022-009, “Creation and Operationalization of the Philippine Public Safety Academy in accordance with Republic Act 11279,” signed by DILG Secretary Eduardo M. Año on March 4, 2022.
It was geared to facilitate and accelerate the smooth and coordinated transition of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) from the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) to the Philippine National Police (PNP) as the graduates of the academy will be assigned as Commissioned Officers (Fire/Jail Inspectors) to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP).
| 2.09375
| 0
|
75822683
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1038%20Dingxiang%20earthquake
|
1038 Dingxiang earthquake
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The 1038 Dingxiang earthquake devastated present-day Shanxi Province, northern China on 9 January. At least 32,300 people died across the province when the 7.25 earthquake struck Dingxiang and Xinxian counties. In Xinzhou, about 19,742 people died and 5,655 were injured. More than 50,000 livestock also perished. About 759 were killed in Guoxian County and in present-day Taiyuan, 1,890 people died.
Geology
The Xizhoushan Fault Zone, a strike-slip fault system within the Shanxi Rift System, may have been responsible for the earthquake. Field studies indicate at least three earthquakes occurred along the fault during the Holocene with the most recent event possibly being the 1038 earthquake. This fault delineates the Xizhoushan Mountains and Xinding basin within the rift system. Estimates of the right-lateral slip rate range from per year to as low as per year during the Holocene. At least of surface rupture along the fault was associated with the earthquake. Triggering of earthquakes in the rift system may have been due to the combined effects of coulomb stress transfer and long-term tectonic stress. In the case of the 1038 event, it was promoted by stress transfer from a previous 7.5 earthquake in 512 AD. This may have in turn promoted the 6.5 earthquake near Taiyuan in 1102.
| 2.15625
| 0
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75823044
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Waldenstr%C3%B6m
|
Daniel Waldenström
|
Daniel Anders Måns Waldenström is a Swedish economist, economic historian, and professor. He is professor of economics and program manager for the research program Taxes and society at the Research Institute of Industrial Economics in Stockholm.
Biography
Waldenström completed his doctorate in economics at the Stockholm School of Economics in 2003 and in economic history at Lund University in 2009. As a researcher and teacher, he has worked at the University of California, Los Angeles, the Stockholm School of Economics, Uppsala University, and the Paris School of Economics. He joined the IZA Institute of Labor Economics as a research fellow in October 2011.
Waldenström researches economic inequality, taxes, fiscal policy, and economic history.
Waldenström has written several scientific articles, government-commissioned reports, and popular science texts. He has been advisor to the Swedish government and several of the country's government agencies regarding topics of fiscal policy, taxation, and inequality. He was appointed a member of the Special Council for Corona Policies by the minister for finance Magdalena Andersson (Social Democratic Party) in 2020–2021. Waldenström was a member of the economic council of former minister of finance Mikael Damberg (Social Democratic Party, 2021–2022) and currently retains membership under Elisabeth Svantesson (Moderate Party, 2022–).
| 2.09375
| 0
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75823305
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya%20in%20Belgium
|
Ahmadiyya in Belgium
|
The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was founded in Belgium in 1981, with an approximate 2000 adherents and over 15 branches within Belgium as of 2024.
History
The first Ahmadi missionary to Belgium was Malik Ataur Rahman who arrived in Belgium in 1948 for a prospect of establishing a mission. However, in February 1981, Mirza Nasir Ahmad (the third Caliph of the community) sent Saleh Muhammad Khan to propagate the teaching of Islam Ahmadiyya, and in 1985, a building was purchased as a mission house in Dilbeek. In November 1992, the first Belgian Jalsa was held in the Dilbeek mission house, Bait-us-Salaam as a one-day event.
Demographics
It is estimated that around 2000 Ahmadis live in Belgium, with approximately 1250 members living in the Flanders region, many of whom are immigrants from Pakistan and Bangladesh.
The community has 4 Mosques in the country, located in Antwerp and Brussels, Dilbeek and Alken (the latter two which were originally mission houses). The foundations for the first purpose-built Ahmadi mosque in Belgium was laid in 2011, the Bait-ul-Mujeeb mosque in Uccle, Belgium, and completed in 2020. Upon its completion, a number of guests including mayors were invited.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75823758
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial%20Hospital%20Bhadrapur
|
Provincial Hospital Bhadrapur
|
Provincial Hospital Bhadrapur, formally known as Mechi Provincial Hospital is a government hospital located in Bhadrapur Municipality, in Koshi Province of Nepal. It is providing health services focusing to the poor and under-privileged people of Jhapa District of Koshi Province.
History
It was established as a 25 bedded hospital in . In , it was upgraded as a 50 bedded hospital. Eventually with the growing demand for healthcare services in Mechi Zone it got expanded to 134 beds. It is the largest hospital in Mechi Zone and the second-largest government hospital in Koshi Province, after the Koshi Hospital.
Services
The Provincial Hospital Bhadrapur provides following services:
Anesthesiology Department
Ophthalmology Department
Laboratory Department
HIV/ARV, Family planning, TB-DOTS, Immunization
Radiology Department,
OPD : General Surgery, Oncology, Cardiology, Homeopathy, Pediatrics, General Medicine, Dermatology, ENT, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Orthopedics, Neurology, Asthma, Nutrition, Nephrology
Dental Department
Emergency Department
Pharmacy Unit
Pathology Department
Physiotherapy Department
ICU
NICU
Postmortem
| 1.9375
| 0
|
75823880
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertramp%20fantail
|
Supertramp fantail
|
The supertramp fantail (Rhipidura semicollaris) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae that is found on the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, Kai Islands and Aru Islands. It was formerly considered to be subspecies of the Arafura fantail (Rhipidura dryas). Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Taxonomy
The supertramp fantail was formally described in 1843 by the German naturalist Salomon Müller based on specimens collected in Timor. He placed it with the other fantails in the genus Rhipidura and coined the binomial name Rhipidura semicollaris. The specific epithet combines the Latin semi- meaning "half" with collaris meaning "collared". The supertramp fantail and its subspecies were formerly treated as being conspecific with the Arafura fantail (Rhipidura dryas).
Nine subspecies are recognised:
R. s. squamata Müller, S, 1843 – Kekek and Lawin (east of Obi Islands, central north Moluccas), Banda Islands (southwest Moluccas), Raja Ampat Islands (northwest of New Guinea) and Babi (Aru Islands, southwest of New Guinea)
R. s. celebensis Büttikofer, 1892 – Tanahjampea and Kalao (south of south Sulawesi)
R. s. mimosae Meise, 1929 – Kalaotoa (southeast of south Sulawesi)
R. s. sumbensis Hartert, EJO, 1896 – Sumba and Sawu (central south Lesser Sunda Islands)
R. s. semicollaris Müller, S, 1843 – Flores to Timor and Wetar (central, east Lesser Sunda Islands)
R. s. elegantula Sharpe, 1879 – Romang, Damar Island, Leti and Moa (east Lesser Sunda Islands)
R. s. reichenowi Finsch, 1901 – Babar Islands (far east Lesser Sunda Islands)
R. s. hamadryas Sclater, PL, 1883 – Tanimbar Islands (south Moluccas)
R. s. henrici Hartert, EJO, 1918 – Seram Laut (southeast of Seram, central east Moluccas), Tayandu (west of Kai Islands), Kai Islands (southeast Moluccas) and Aru Islands (southwest of New Guinea)
| 2.453125
| 0
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75824292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrotinae
|
Centrotinae
|
Centrotinae is a subfamily within the treehoppers (Membracidae) and is the largest and only subfamily with a worldwide distribution of species. There are nearly 1350 species placed in 216 genera. Species in the genus make use of a wide range of host plants belonging to 105 plant families with dominant ones being Leguminosae, Compositae, Solanaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. Most species have relationships with ants that tend them for honeydew. The Centrotinae typically have the posterior pronotal process not concealing the scutellum and the forewing has the clavus truncated at the apex and having a broad apical limbus. Exceptions in which the scutellum are partly concealed can be found both in the New and Old World.
Classification
A number of tribes are recognized within the subfamily including:
Beaufortianini
Boccharini
Boocerini (New World)
Centrocharesini
Centrodontini (New World)
Centrotini
Centrotypini - Asia, Australia:
Centrotypus
Emphusis
Choucentrini - Asia:
Choucentrus
Dograna
Evanchon
Ebhuloidesini - monotypic: Ebhuloides - S.E. Asia
Gargarini
Hypsaucheniini
Leptobelini
Leptocentrini
Lobocentrini
Maarbarini
Micreunini
Monobelini (New World)
Nessorhinini (New World)
Oxyrhachini
Pieltainellini (New World)
Platycentrini (New World)
Terentiini
Xiphopoeini
A few genera are still unplaced and include:
Aspasiana
Centrobelus
Elaphiceps
Insitor
Insitoroides
Kaikaia
Megalocentrus
Megaloschema
Selenacentrus
Sinocentrus
Tyrannotus
| 2.84375
| 0
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75824298
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Campbell%20Norman
|
Helen Campbell Norman
|
Helen Campbell Norman, RRC (27 January 1856 – 31 July 1913) was a leading British military nurse who was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her role in the Anglo-Egyptian War. She was later in charge of nursing at Netley Hospital in Southampton.
Nursing career
Norman was born in Peshawar in the British Raj on 27 January 1856. She was the second daughter of Selina Eliza Davidson and Lieutenant (later Field Marshal Sir) Henry Wylie Norman. She trained to be a nurse in Paddington at St Mary's Hospital under the supervision of Rachel Williams, who was a close friend of Florence Nightingale.
In 1882 Britain sent soldiers to Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War. Assets were under threat including the Suez Canal. Norman was the first British nurse to arrive in Egypt when she was sent to Ismailia. When she returned she was decorated with the fifteenth Royal Red Cross in May 1883 and later that year she joined the Army Nursing Service.
In October 1889 Norman succeeded as the Superintendent at the Netley Hospital, taking over from Jane Cecilia Deeble. Nurse Caulfield had been offered the job but she refused so Norman was the next choice. Norman served at that military hospital in Southampton until 1902.
In 1906 Norman became matron-in-chief of Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service and she held that position until 1910. Norman died in Brisbane, Australia, on 31 July 1913, aged 57.
| 1.953125
| 0
|
75824591
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Farrer
|
Keith Farrer
|
Keith Thomas Henry Farrer (28 March 1916 – 6 June 2012) was a chemist, food scientist and historian who was the Chief Scientist of Kraft Foods Limited in Melbourne between 1976 and 1981.
Early life and education
Farrer was born in Footscray in Melbourne but soon left to live in Hobart in Tasmania.
He was first educated at Hobart High School, however after receiving a scholarship in 1930, he left to finish his high school studies at Carey Baptist Grammar School, becoming a school prefect and matriculating in 1933.
Afterwards, he completed a Bachelor of Science (BSc) and a Master of Science (MSc) in 1937 and 1938 respectively at the University of Melbourne. This culminated in 1938 when he joined Kraft Foods Ltd as a research chemist.
Career
Later on, Farrer would go on to support the process in Vegemite, regarding Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) and its associated nutrients. Progressively, he climbed the ranks of the organisation to become senior research chemist between 1944 and 1949, and then Manager of Research and Development (R&D) between 1949 and 1976. Finally, he became Chief Scientist of the company between 1976 and 1981. Farrer later worked in the United Kingdom in the period of 1987 and 2001, where he documented about food additives and other research.
He would also join the Monash University Council, the University of Melbourne Council and other organisations, including the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Later on in life, Farrer would be awarded an honorary doctorate (DSc) in 1954 by the University of Melbourne, and would also complete a Master of Arts (MA) at La Trobe University in 1977, due to his interest in environmental history, particularly about William Carey’s botanical advances.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
75824945
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Murray%20Trotter
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Frederick Murray Trotter
|
Frederick Murray Trotter (19 April 1897 – 24 July 1968) was a British geologist, who worked for his whole career with the British Geological Survey. He became best known for his geological field studies of industrial minerals – coal, salt and iron ores – and was awarded the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London in 1956.
Life and works
Trotter was born in Gateshead, and grew up in Durham and Newcastle. He was educated at Rutherford College of Technology, and then went to Armstrong College, Newcastle, to study chemistry and geology. During the First World War, from 1916 to 1918 Trotter served as a corporal with the Royal Engineers corps of signals as a despatch rider. In 1918, he was hit by shrapnel while on duty near Vimy in France. This caused him to lose one eye and a part of his skull.
He recovered and returned to his studies of geology at Armstrong College, where he was taught by George Lebour, Franklin Sibly, David Woolacott and Leonard Hawkes. Trotter graduated with a B.Sc degree in 1920. In 1921, Trotter joined the British Geological Survey, starting in their Whitehaven office. There, he worked under Bernard Smith, who was later to become director of the survey. Trotter soon began to work with Sydney Hollingworth on the glacial geology around Brampton. Trotter focused on the glacial deposits of eastern Edenside, while Hollingworth focused on the western deposits. Both were awarded the D.Sc degrees for their studies. Trotter published his work in 1929, and their joint monograph on Brampton was published in 1932. Trotter worked for the survey for the rest of his career, and by the time he
retired in 1963, he had reached the position of assistant director (England and Wales). During his career he worked first on the glacial deposits of the Eden valley, and later on the coal fields of South Wales and Lancashire; the salt fields of Cheshire, and hematite ore mineralisation of Cumbria. He published many geological reports, maps and monographs through his career.
| 2.46875
| 0
|
75825270
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope%20Yeatman
|
Pope Yeatman
|
Pope Yeatman (August 3, 1861 – December 5, 1953) was an American mining engineer and consultant. He was known for his work in mining in South Africa, Chile, and Alaska. He was a member of the War Industries Board during World War I.
Early life
Pope Yeatman was born on August 3, 1861, in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis's mining school with an Engineer of Mines (E. M.) degree in 1883. His uncle, James E. Yeatman, was a philanthropist in St. Louis. His first name was derived from the name of his grandfather Nathaniel Pope, an early politician in the Illinois territory. As a boy, he lived in New Haven, Connecticut, and with relatives on a ranch in Wyoming.
Career
After graduating, Yeatman worked in mines in Missouri, New Mexico, Colorado and Mexico. From August 1895 to 1899, he worked in South Africa as an assistant consulting engineer for the Consolidated Gold Fields Company and then was manager of the Robinson Deep gold mine. In 1896, he moved from Lydenburg to Johannesburg. From April to August 1899, he worked as the general manager at the Simmer and Jack mine. He then became general manager and consulting engineer with Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company in Transvaal. While there, he was an officer of the volunteer mine guard.
| 2.390625
| 0
|
75825352
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20aequisculpta
|
Alvania aequisculpta
|
The very elongate-conic shell is light yellow. The protoconch contains two, moderately well rounded whorls. They are marked by six spiral threads, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them, and numerous slender, closely spaced, axial threads, which are about one-fourth as strong as the spiral threads between which they occur, giving the entire surface a finely reticulated appearance. The whorls of the teleoconch are appressed at the summit. They show a sloping shoulder which extends over the posterior fourth between the sutures, marked by strong, slightly retractive, axial ribs which are about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, and 18 upon the penultimate whorl. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked between the sutures by three strong, spiral cords which are almost as strong as the ribs and divide the spaces between the sutures into four almost equal portions. The intersections of the spiral cords and the axial ribs form strong tubercles, while the spaces enclosed between them are well impressed, rectangular pits, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. The suture is strongly constricted. The periphery of the body whorl is marked by a spiral sulcus equal to that which separates the supraperipheral spiral cord from its posterior neighbor and, like it, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend over the first two basal spiral cords and render them tuberculate. The base of the shell is well rounded, rather short, produced anteriorly, and marked by three strong, sublamellar, spiral cords which are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. The aperture is very oblique, twisted and ovate. The posterior angle is obtuse. The outer lip is thickened at the edge within the lip, re-enforced behind the edge by a strong varix. The inner lip is very stout, strongly curved, and appressed to the base
| 2.40625
| 0
|
75825481
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalene%20Lauridsen
|
Magdalene Lauridsen
|
Magdalene Lauridsen (25 April 1873, Holsted—5 July 1957, Copenhagen) was a Danish schoolteacher and headmistress. In 1895, she founded Sorø Husholdningsskole, Denmark's first home economics school, followed in 1902 by Ankerhus Seminarium, the country's first teacher training college to specialize in home economics and housekeeping. Lauridsen also fought for rights for women, including the right to vote, and stressed the importance of fruit and vegetable farming for rural households. Active in organizational work, in 1906 she founded and chaired Foreningen af Husholdningslærerinder og -lærere (FHL), an association for home economics teachers, and in 1909 brought together delegates from the Nordic countries to the first collaborative meeting on household interests. In 1919, she converted Ankerhus Seminarium into an independent institution but continued to run the college until her retirement in 1943.
Early life, education and family
Born on 25 April 1873 in Holsted, Southern Jutland, Magdalene Lauridsen was the eldest daughter of the farmer Anders Lauridsen (1843–1922) and his wife Mette Marie née Eskildsen (1848–1913). She was one of the family's eight children. Raised in the countryside, she became familiar with tasks in rural households. In addition to attending the local school. she and her siblings were educated at home where their father and her aunt Maren, a qualified teacher, tutored them. In 1892, she was a summer student at Askov Højskole where she participated in Jenny la Cour's textile courses. She also attended the Sorø Folk High School. In July 1911, she married the teacher training college principal Peter Dam (1853–1918) with whom she had already had a child, Margaret (1900).
Career
| 2.375
| 0
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75826328
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Abraham%20Wilhelm%20von%20Arnim
|
Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim
|
Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg (13 June 1767 – 31 January 1812), was a Prussian politician and diplomat who served as Envoy to Saxony and Denmark).
Early life
Arnim was born in Berlin on 13 June 1767 into the prominent and wealthy Arnim family. He was the only surviving child of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg (1739–1801) and Baroness Freda Antoinette von Cramm (1747–1817). His father served as Chief Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1786 to 1798 under Kings Frederick William II (who raised him to a hereditary Prussian Count on 2 October 1786) and Frederick William III.
His maternal grandparents were Baron Franz Jakob von Cramm and Anna Magdalena Wilhelmine von Krosigk. His father was the only child of Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg (son of Georg Dietloff von Arnim-Boitzenburg), and Anna Elisabeth von der Schulenburg (eldest daughter of Adolph Friedrich von der Schulenburg).
Career
From a long line of Prussian landowners, Arnim was admitted to the Order of St. John and served as chamberlain to King Frederick William II. He was a legation councilor before becoming Envoy in Dresden (to the Kingdom of Saxony) from 1792 to 1794 and in Copenhagen (to the Kingdom of Denmark).
Personal life
On 18 July 1795 Arnim was married to Georgine Charlotte Auguste ( von Wallmoden-Gimborn) von Lichtenstein (1770–1850), the divorced former wife of Baron , a German opera singer and composer. The eldest daughter of the Hanoverian field marshal and art collector Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn and Charlotte Christiane Auguste Wilhelmine von Wangenheim, her father was an illegitimate son of King George II of Great Britain by his mistress Amalie von Wallmoden. Among her siblings were brother Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn, the Austrian General of Cavalry, and sister Wilhelmine Magdalene Friederike (wife of Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein). Before their divorce in 1806, they were the parents of:
| 2.34375
| 0
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75826427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman%20al-Ghazzi
|
Sulayman al-Ghazzi
|
Sulayman Ibn Hassan al-Ghazzi (also Solomon of Gaza or Samunas, ca. 940 - 1027) was an Arab Christian poet and bishop of Gaza in Fatimid Palestine. His work provides insights into the life of Melkite Christians in the Holy Land during the persecutions of caliph al-Hakim and his diwan is the earliest known collection of Arabic poetry dealing specifically with Christian religious themes.
Life
Though there are no outside sources about Sulayman's life, his life has been reconstructed from his highly personal verses by Néophytos Edelby. It seems that Sulayman entered a monastery as a youth after his father (called Hasan, Basila or possibly both) abandoned his mother. However, shortly after taking his vows he left the monastery to lead a secular life (possibly working as a Katib), got wealthy and married. In his old age he lost not only his wife, but also his son and then only grandson (named Ibrahim) as well as his wealth. Sulayman finally returned to the monastic life and was eventually ordained bishop around the age of eighty, not least due to his great learning which becomes evident from his writing. He died some time after 1027.
Work
Though there have been other important Christian Arab poets such as the pre-Islamic al-Nabigah al-Dubyani or the court poet al-Akthal al-Taghlibi, Sulayman al-Ghazzi is the first to compose poetry on specific Christian themes and speaking about his Christian faith. His writings provide insights into the lives of Christian Arabs during the Fatimid Caliphate and protest the persecutions under caliph al-Hakim as well as the discrimination endured by the Christian population and the destruction of Christian sides such as the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem or the church of Saint George in Lydda. Sulayman also mentions the Palestinian monasteries he visited and wrote apologetic treatise of a Chalcedonian creed against various heresis.
| 2.609375
| 0
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75826515
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihtiman%20Valley
|
Ihtiman Valley
|
Ihtiman Valley () is situated in western Bulgaria. It is named after its main settlement, the town of Ihtiman.
Geography
The valley has the shape of an isosceles triangle, turned with its apex to the southeast. It has a length of 16 km and a width of up to 10 km. It spans a territory of 106 km2 with an altitude of 620–700 m. It is situated in the center of the Ihtimanska Sredna Gora, the western part of the Sredna Gora mountain range. The Ihtiman valley is enclosed between the Vakarel Mountain to the northwest and the ridges of Belitsa to the northeast, Vetren to the southeast, and Septemvriyski to the south–southwest. The latter separates it from the Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley to the south.
The slopes of the Ihtiman Valley have uneven gradient and size, ranging from longer and oblique at the Vakarel Mountain, to steep Septemvriyski ridge. Its center is an extensive flat accumulative field. The slopes are built up of gneiss, granite, sandstone and conglomerates, while the foundation is composed of Neogene–Quaternary sediments. The valley was formed as a result of tectonic subsidence at the end of the Upper Pliocene and the Quaternary.
The climate is temperate continental with frequent temperature inversions and mists in winter. The average annual temperature is 9.1 °C, with an average of -2.3 °C in January and 19.5 °C in July. The mean annual precipitation is 548 mm. It is drained by the river Mativir, a right tributary of the Topolnitsa of the Maritsa river basin. The soils are mainly chernozem and alluvial.
Settlements, transportation and economy
Administratively, it falls in Sofia Province on the territory of Ihtiman Municipality. Apart from the town of Ihtiman, there are eight villages — Boeritsa, Venkovets, Verinsko, Zhivkovo, Mirovo, Polyantsi, Stambolovo and Chernyovo.
| 2.34375
| 0
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75826729
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former%20State%20Treasury%20Building%20of%20Mato%20Grosso
|
Former State Treasury Building of Mato Grosso
|
The Former State Treasury Building of Mato Grosso () is a historic building in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. It sits on the Praça da República, a public square that was once the center of Portuguese colonial power. It was built in 1896 to house first the state treasury, and later numerous state government agencies. It was ultimately adapted in to the Mato Grosso Historical Museum in 2006, also managed by a state agency. The Treasury Building is one several Neoclassical buildings in Cuiabá. It sits in close proximity to the Palace of Instruction, built shortly afterwards in 1913, in a larger, more eclectic example of the style. The State Treasury Building was listed as a state-level listed historic structure by Mato Grosso in 1983.
Location
The Former State Treasury Building is located on the Praça da República, a broad public square and the original center of colonial Portuguese power. It is in close proximity to other historic buildings of varying time of construction and style: the Neo-classical Palace of Instruction (Palaçio da Instrução, 1913); the Vargas-era Art Deco Brazilian Post and Telegraph Agency (1937); and the modernist Cathedral Basilica of Cuiabá (1973) and the high-rise Palácio do Comércio (1975).
History
The State Treasury Building was built to house both the office of Public Works Repairs, Land, Mines, and Colonization (Reparação de Obras públicas, Terras, Minas e Colonização) and the State Treasury (Thesouro do Estado). It subsequently housed the State Public Library (1912-1914), the Mato Grosso Secretariat of Education and Culture, the Barão de Melgaço School (1970-1982) and the Secretariat of State Tourism (Fundação Cultural de Mato Grosso, 1983–2003). The structure underwent a significant renovation that was completed in December 2006, and became the home of the Mato Grosso Historical Museum.
Structure
| 1.960938
| 0
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75826737
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20petersiana
|
Nymphaea petersiana
|
Nymphaea petersiana is a species of the genus Nymphaea native to the region spanning from Tanzania to South Africa.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea petersiana is an aquatic, rhizomatous, perennial plant with a tuberous rhizome. The suborbicular to elliptic, 17–40 cm long, and 16–32 cm wide leaves have a sinuate to dentate margin. The adaxial leaf surface is green and smooth, and the abaxial leaf surface is purple, red, or green with prominent venation.
Generative characteristics
The 6-12 cm wide, blue, white, or pink flowers emerge above the water surface. The flowers have four petals, and 14-20 petals. The androecium consists of 100 stamens with a white apical appendage. The gynoecium consists of 16–20 carpels. The globose, 2 cm long, and 3 cm wide fruit bears pubescent, ellipsoid, 1 mm long seeds.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was first described as Nymphaea petersiana Klotzsch by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch in 1861. Later, it was included in the species Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. as the variety Nymphaea nouchali var. petersiana (Klotzsch) Verdc. published by Bernard Verdcourt in 1989. This placement has been criticised as highly unnatural, as Nymphaea petersiana turned out to be a member of the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Lotos and is therefore unrelated to Nymphaea nouchali. The leaves of Nymphaea petersiana resemble those of Nymphaea subg. Lotos in respect to the dentate margin and raised leaf venation on the abaxial leaf surface, but the flowers closely resemble those of Nymphaea subg. Brachyceras.
Etymology
The specific epithet petersiana honours Wilhelm Peters (1815-1883).
Ecology
Habitat
It occurs in pools, rivers, and lakes.
Use
The tubers are eaten in Malawi.
| 2.359375
| 0
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75826902
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barking%20Sands%20Beach
|
Barking Sands Beach
|
Scientific explanation
Dr. James Blake, a scientist of the California Academy of Sciences, who examined a sand sample in 1875, explained the phenomenon that the grains of sand all have more or less small holes that end in cavities and enlarge inwards. They communicated with the surface by a small opening.
The structure of the sand grains is the reason, why you can hear noises, if they get moved. The mutual attrition leads to vibration in the cavities. As soon as the vibrations transfer to the air in the cavities, you can hear the sound. There are millions of reverberating cavities, Each of which making noises, which together make a loud sound. That tone can even sound like a thunderclap. However, that can only happen, if the sand is absolutely dry, because if the cavities are filled with water, the sand grains cannot generate vibrations. The sand on this beach consists of carbonates, unlike other sand grains that consist of quartz.
Legends
The legend of Barking Sands Beach is about an old Hawaiian fisherman, named Nohili, who had lived in a hut at the beach with his nine dogs. He tethered his Dogs to three poles in the sand, three on each pole, when he wanted to go fishing. He forgot to untie his dogs, when he got back of an exhausting boat trip and storms. When he woke up the next morning, they had disappeared. On the spot where they once sat, there were now 3 small mounds of sand. When he stepped on one of them, he heard loud barking. He immediately thought that his dogs were buried in sand and started to dig. However, his efforts were in vain and the fisherman gave up in the end. Each day, on which he then crossed the beach, he could hear the deep barking.
| 3
| 0
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75827041
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20St.%20Germain
|
Pierre St. Germain
|
Pierre St. Germain ( – ) was a Métis interpreter and fur trader, notable for his service in John Franklin's Coppermine expedition. Born , possibly to a family of North West Company (NWC) interpreters, he was first employed with the NWC in 1812, before transferring to the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). He served for several years as an interpreter in Athabasca Country before employment as a guide for the Franklin expedition. The expedition, plagued by supply shortages due to conflicts between the NWC and HBC, was devastated by starvation on the return journey from the Arctic coast, leading to the deaths of the majority of the participants. After twenty years of service in the fur trade, he settled in the Red River Colony at what is now Winnipeg. Ten years later, he and his family participated in James Sinclair's settler expedition to the Columbia District, part of a HBC plan to bolster the nascent Puget Sound Agricultural Company. He remained in the Cowlitz Prairie with his family for the rest of his life, dying at some point in the 1870s.
Early life and family
Pierre St. Germain was born in the North-Western Territory. He was Métis, of French and Dene ancestry. Paul St. Germain, a North West Company interpreter active in the Athabasca Country, has been proposed as Pierre St. Germain's grandfather. Pierre may have been the son of another Pierre St. Germain referenced as the father of a Slave River-based woman named Catherine Beaulieu . Historical records indicate that Pierre St. Germain was married to a Métis woman named Lizette Sutherland, but no year of marriage is noted.
| 2.09375
| 0
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75827100
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egerton%20Hours
|
Egerton Hours
|
Subsequently, the manuscript found itself in the hands of George Strangways, archdeacon of Coventry, who donated it to Henry VII of England (1457-1509); there is a dedication mentioning this on folio 154. The book was then given to the Jesuits of Kraków. In the 19th century, it was in the possession of the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who began attempts to sell it in London in 1832. It was acquired by the British Museum on 6 July 1844 from a certain H. Ruschweigh. The museum used the Bridgewater fund for this acquisition, established thanks to the donation of £12,000 by Francis Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater. It was he who gave the manuscript its name, without ever having been its owner.
Attribution of the miniatures
Most of the miniatures from the years 1407-1410 are attributed to an anonymous master who owes his conventional name to this manuscript: the Egerton Master. He undoubtedly originated in Flanders and was active in Paris at the beginning of the 15th century. He collaborated as here with another anonymous person, the . In this manuscript he executes most of the small miniatures of the suffrages of the saints. Some of these same miniatures are sometimes attributed to the Master of the Parement of Narbonne or to his followers, but for Eberhard König only that of folio 97 is by his hand.
The five miniatures added at the time of René d'Anjou are attributed by the majority of art historians to Barthélemy d'Eyck, his favourite painter. This opinion is however contested by Katherine Reynolds and Albert Châtelet.
| 2.15625
| 0
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75827588
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis%20and%20Futuna%20in%20World%20War%20II
|
Wallis and Futuna in World War II
|
The Second World War in Wallis and Futuna was a period of significant upheaval for this French protectorate territory in the Pacific.
The islands were not the scene of fighting, but suffered complete isolation for seventeen months, from January 1, 1941 to May 27, 1942. Following France's surrender to Germany on June 22, 1940, Bishop Alexandre Poncet and French Resident Léon Vrignaud chose to remain loyal to the Vichy regime, while all the other French possessions in Oceania (New Hebrides, New Caledonia, French Oceania Establishments) joined the Free France; neighboring islands (Tonga, Western and American Samoa, Tokelau, Gilbert and Ellice Islands) are administered by Allied powers. Supplies ceased and distant French Indochina was unable to provide support. An initial recapture of Wallis and Futuna was ordered by General de Gaulle in February 1941, but was postponed when it became known to the residents. The Japanese advance in the Pacific and the entry into the war of the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941 changed the situation: the Pacific war broke out and Wallis became a strategic point for the Americans against Japan. The capture of Wallis was organized jointly by the Allies.
| 2.859375
| 0
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75827588
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis%20and%20Futuna%20in%20World%20War%20II
|
Wallis and Futuna in World War II
|
Following the declaration of war in 1939, French resident Lamy left Wallis. His successor, Léon Vrignaud, arrived in Wallis in July 1940 and sought above all to preserve the territory's interests. A former resident of Port-Vila, he had witnessed the rallying of the New Hebrides and initially adopted a wait-and-see attitude. He had to reconcile the opposing positions of the Vichy mission and an influential merchant on the island, a supporter of General de Gaulle. He also wanted to obtain supplies as quickly as possible. Although it is impossible to determine whether he did so out of a concern for good relations with the bishop, or out of conviction, Vrignaud also refused to rally to the Free France. This position was passed on to Henri Sautot in early October 1941.
Historian Jean-Marc Regnault believes that the refusal of the Free France was essentially the work of the few Europeans resident on the island: the bishop, resident Vrignaud and chancellor Alexis Bernast, "without taking into account the opinion or interest of the local population". Regnault explains the bishop's categorical refusal: "For Catholic leaders, the problem of supplies is secondary to ideology. If the islanders lack imported products, they'll go back to farming and fishing". Moreover, a radio message sent from French Indochina on April 16, 1941 congratulated "the French of Wallis for having accepted famine rather than the flour they could easily have obtained from Nouméa if they had rallied to dissent".
While some Wallisian chiefs may have been sympathetic to General de Gaulle, "for the natives, France remained an abstraction, and the London-Vichy quarrels were of no concern to them", writes Regnault. The Wallisians' rallying to the Gaullist cause is therefore, for Regnault, a "legend".
| 2.265625
| 0
|
75827685
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef%20Napoleon%20Hutten-Czapski
|
Józef Napoleon Hutten-Czapski
|
Stanisław Hutten-Czapski (1779-1844)
Stanisław Hutten-Czapski was born in 1779 in Nieśwież (in present day Belarus). He spent his childhood in Nieśwież and went to school in Vilnius. In 1811, he received the Ordynacja of Kejdany (today's Kėdainiai in Lithuania) from his cousin Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł, as part of his mother's dowry.
In 1812, Stanisław funded the 22nd Infantry Regiment of the Duchy of Warsaw: at its head (as a colonel), he took part in the Russian campaign of 1812 where he fought in the Battle of Berezina (26-29 November 1812). The same year, he received the Order of Virtuti Militari and the following year the Legion of Honour for his bravery during the 1813 campaign.
After Napoelon's defeat, Stanisław stayed in Paris until 1815. He then had to return to Kiejdany as the authorities of the Tsar threatened to sequester his estate.
Stanisław was a count and Knight of Malta (1808), member of the Grand Priory of Russia. He died in 1844 in his property of Kiejdany.
Stanisław was married to Zofia née Obuchowicza, they had three sons:
Marian Hutten-Czapski (1816-1875), who joined the January Uprising, supporting the insurgents financially. After the defeat of the revolt in 1864, he was sentenced to hard labor in Siberia and spent three years in exile in Tomsk, while the Kiejdany estate was confiscated by the tsarist government;
Edward Czapski (1819-1888), who supported the January Uprising and was sentenced to exile to Siberia. He wrote Memoirs of a Siberian ();
Adolf Hutten-Czapski (1819-1883), who served in the Army of the Russian Empire and was awarded the Saint George Cross. In 1840, he built a palace with a park on his estate of Berżany.
Karol Józef Hutten-Czapski (1777-1836)
He held the position of royal chamberlain at the court of Stanisław August Poniatowski and was the marshal of the Minsk district. Karol married Fabianna Obuchowicza (1787-1876). The couple had one son, Emeryk Zachariasz Hutten-Czapski, a scholar and Polish numismatist.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75827843
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsolved%21
|
Unsolved!
|
Unsolved! The History and Mystery of the World’s Greatest Ciphers from Ancient Egypt to Online Secret Societies is a 2017 book by American mathematician and cryptologist Craig P. Bauer. The book explores the history and challenges of various unsolved ciphers, ranging from ancient scripts to modern codes and puzzles. The book also invites readers to try their hand at cracking the ciphers, offering clues and hints along the way. The book received positive reviews from critics and readers, who praised its engaging style, comprehensive coverage, and intriguing content.
Author
Craig P. Bauer is an American mathematician, cryptologist, and author. He is a professor of mathematics at York College of Pennsylvania, where he teaches courses on cryptography, linear algebra, and discrete mathematics. He is also the editor-in-chief of the international journal Cryptologia. He has been a scholar-in-residence at the National Security Agency’s Center for Cryptologic History.
Contents
The book's first chapter is devoted to Voynich Manuscript, which has earned the reputation of being the "book no one can read" due to its unknown language and script, as well as its obscure illustrations. Bauer devotes almost 90 pages to this subject, delving into its historical and cryptographic aspects. He traces the origins and provenance of the manuscript, examines its structure and content, and evaluates various attempts to decode its secrets.
The second chapter, titled "Ancient Ciphers", focuses on the writings and symbols found on Greek vases, Egyptian sarcophagi, and other objects from ancient times. The author explains that most of these inscriptions are not encrypted messages, but rather require knowledge of the languages and scripts used by the people that produced them. Third chapter features the Dorabella cryptogram, a cipher composed of semicircles that remains undeciphered for over a century.
| 2.390625
| 0
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75827997
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20zu%20Hohenlohe-%C3%96hringen
|
Hans zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen
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Hans Heinrich Georg Herzog, Prince of Hohenlohe-Oehringen, Duke of Ujest (24 April 1858 – 24 April 1945) was a German nobleman and diplomat.
Early life
A hereditary prince of the House of Hohenlohe, he was born at Sławięcice Palace in Slawentzitz in the Kingdom of Prussia on 24 April 1858. He was a younger son of Prince Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Princess Pauline zu Fürstenberg.
His maternal grandparents were Amalie of Baden (daughter of Charles Frederick, the Margrave, Elector and Grand Duke of Baden) and Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg (the last sovereign prince of Furstenburg). His paternal grandparents were August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Louise of Württemberg (a daughter of Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern and Duke Eugen of Württemberg).
Career
From 1906 to 1911, he served as the Prussian Envoy to the Kingdom of Saxony in Dresden.
Upon their father's death in 1897, his elder brother, Prince Christian, became the 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and 2nd Duke of Ujest, and inheriting the family estates. After his brother's death in Somogyszob in 1926 without issue, Prince Hans became the 6th Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and 3rd Duke of Ujust and inherited the family estates including Sławięcice Palace (in Upper Silesia), Oppurg Castle (in Thuringia), Neuenstein Castle (in Neuenstein), Öhringen Castle (in Öhringen), and the Hohenlohe Hunting Lodge (in Javorina, Slovakia which was sold to the Czechoslovak Republic in 1935). He was the last Hohenlohe to own Sławięcice Palace before they had to abandon it during World War II for their summer palace in Oppurg and later to Neuenstein in Hohenlohe. The palace were severely damaged by the Red Army in January 1945 and the remaining structure burned down in 1948.
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75828357
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppurg%20Castle
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Oppurg Castle
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In 1745, the castle was acquired by Count Julius Gebhard von Hoym, who had it redesigned into the current stucco façades made by Christian Wilhelm Müller. Hoym was the nephew of Count Adolf Magnus von Hoym, the chamber president of the Elector of Saxony Augustus II the Strong and husband of Anna Constantia von Brockdorff, before she became the king's mistress and made Countess of Cosel. In 1752 Hoym was also able to buy the five agricultural properties belonging to Oppurg. After Count Hoym's death, the estate came into Royal Hohenlohe ownership through his daughter, Countess Amalie von Hoym, who married the Friedrich Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen. It was used as a summer residence and hunting lodge until 1945.
Post World War II
After 1945 the castle has been used for various purposes. The U.S. Army stayed in the building for a short time and before handing it over to the Soviet Army, who used it as a hospital. It later became an apprentice dormitory, a polytechnic high school, a kindergarten and a café.
From 1991 to 1993 it was completely renovated by the State of Thuringia and until 31 December 2017, was used by the Christian Youth Village Association of Germany as an education center, conference center and youth center for events. The Associated terminated its 66-year lease agreement with the State due to financial issues. The castle was then acquired by real estate developer Marcus Kemmer in 2021 and, in August 2022, a hotel and restaurant opened in the castle.
Architecture
The castle consists of three wings: the main southern wing and the eastern and western secondary wings. On the castle grounds there is also a carriage house, a tower of the former Friedrichstein Castle, a moat surrounding the castle and, to the east of the house, a castle garden in the style of an English landscape park.
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75828403
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20nouchali%20var.%20ovalifolia
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Nymphaea nouchali var. ovalifolia
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Nymphaea nouchali var. ovalifolia is a variety of the water lily species Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. native to the region spanning from West Tanzania to South Africa.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea nouchali var. ovalifolia is an annual or perennial, aquatic herb with narrowly elliptic, 25 cm long, and 14.7 cm wide leaves. The adaxial leaf surface displays irregular brown patterns, and the abaxial leaf surface is plain green.
Generative characteristics
The deep blue flowers have acuminate sepals and petals. The sepals are 4 cm long, and 1.3 cm wide.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was first described by Henry Shoemaker Conard as Nymphaea ovalifolia Conard in 1905. Later, it was included in the species Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. as the variety Nymphaea nouchali var. ovalifolia (Conard) Verdc. published by Bernard Verdcourt in 1989.
Etymology
The varietal name ovalifolia, from the Latin ovali- meaning oval and -folia meaning leaf, means "oval leaved".
Ecology
Role as host plant
Nymphaea nouchali var. ovalifolia is a host plant of the beetle species Donaciasta goeckei.
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75828824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza%20Strip%20famine
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Gaza Strip famine
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On 9 July 2024, a group of UN experts released a statement that Israel's "targeted starvation campaign" had caused the death of children in Gaza and that famine had spread from the North to the rest of Gaza. The statement cited the deaths of 3 children who had recently died of malnutrition in Gaza, saying: "When the first child dies from malnutrition and dehydration, it becomes irrefutable that famine has taken hold." In response, the Israeli mission to the UN in Geneva accused the UN of "supporting Hamas propaganda". Additionally the mission stated that Israel had "continuously scaled up its coordination and assistance in the delivery of humanitarian aid" and that Hamas militants “intentionally steal and hide aid from civilians." WHO stated people were trapped in a "vicious cycle" as malnutrition was worsening people's vulnerability to diseases.
October 2024–present
In October 2024, individuals familiar with aid flow into the Gaza Strip stated that the amount of humanitarian aid entering the Strip was at its lowest levels in seven months. The World Food Programme stated on 11 October 2024 that no food had entered the northern Gaza Strip that entire month, and that one million people faced starvation. The human rights organizations Gisha, B'Tselem, Physicians for Human Rights and Yesh Din warned this was one of the "alarming signs" that Israel was implementing the General's Plan to starve northern Gaza. The United Nations warned on 17 October that it would run out of food for people in northern Gaza in just a week and a half. The I.P.C. released an updated report, finding nearly all people in Gaza faced high levels of acute food insecurity (Phase 3), and 133,000 people faced catastrophic lack of food (Phase 5). By the end of the month, humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip reached its lowest levels since the conflict began.
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75828824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza%20Strip%20famine
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Gaza Strip famine
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On 16 November 2024 armed gangs captured and looted 98 trucks carrying aid. The convoy, which had been organized by UNRWA and the World Food Programme, consisted of 109 trucks and was attacked shortly after crossing into Gaza from Kerem Shalom. A UNRWA spokesperson said that "We’re back at a stage where we’re seeing people literally fighting over a bag of flour" and that "Israeli authorities continue to restrict a huge amount of the humanitarian response. Everything here is being strangled — food, flour, water — everything." One UN aid official blamed organized crime for attacks on aid convoys, and others have reported that family clans from southern Gaza previously known to be involved with looting were behind the most recent attacks on convoys. UN aid officials have said that delivering aid has never been more difficult. According to a UN memo, the criminals would operate with "the passive, if not active benevolence" of the IDF.
Effect on children and elderly
Children
On 14 January 2024, Philippe Lazzarini stated, "Whenever you go to a school, the kids are looking at your eyes begging for a sip of water or a loaf of bread." On 16 January, officials reported newborn babies with undernourished mothers were dying within days, and children weakened by starvation were dying from hypothermia. On 18 January, the deputy executive director of UNICEF took a tour of the Gaza Strip, stating he had witnessed "some of the most horrific conditions I have ever seen" and that "thousands of children are malnourished and sick." On 10 February 2024, a UNICEF spokesperson said Gaza had the world's highest rate of child malnutrition. On 17 February, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor reported an instance of an 8-year-old girl who had died from starvation and dehydration.
| 2.1875
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75828824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza%20Strip%20famine
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Gaza Strip famine
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The UN World Food Programme warned of a real prospect of famine by May 2024, for half a million people.
March 2024
A man in Rafah spoke to Al Jazeera, stating, "From the moment we wake up until the moment we sleep, we are battling to survive. We are fighting to get our hands on some water, to get hold of a loaf of bread for our children. We are exhausted, mentally and physically. This is unbearable." Save the Children released a statement saying children in Gaza were "forced to forage for scraps of food left by rats and eating leaves out of desperation. The risk of famine will increase so long as the government of Israel continues to impede the entry of aid." UNICEF responded to news of children dying from starvation, stating, "Now, the child deaths we feared are here and are likely to rapidly increase unless the war ends and obstacles to humanitarian relief are immediately resolved" On 5 March, UNOCHA stated that the first deaths of children from starvation in northern Gaza were "a warning like no other". A World Food Programme director stated, "The is nowhere else in the world where so many people face imminent famine".
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75829482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell%20Dehaila
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Tell Dehaila
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Tell Dehaila () is an ancient tell, or archaeological site in Iraq. Remains at the site range from the Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian periods.
Location
It is located in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, about 30 kilometers west of the ancient city of Ur. The settlement is in the bend of an ancient branch of the Euphrates and about 25 kilometers upstream of the ancient city of Eridu.
The name of this waterway is mentioned only once in a 1st millennium BC lexical list as = , the former being the Sumerian hydronym and the latter the Akkadian one. Since the Sumerian was not spoken since a long time when the lexical list was created, this unusually descriptive hydronym ("a waterway of the Eridu Plain") is questionable.
Archaeology
The site is EP-34 in the Wright's survey of the Eridu-Ur region. The survey found a site of about 85 hectares and late Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian pottery shards. The survey found "drains lined with baked brick in former streets, building foundations of both baked and mud brick, and localized concentrations of basalt, copper, ceramic slag".
Apparently, Henri Wright counted the total area of Tell Dehaila including the neighboring Dehaila-2 and Nun-5, which are now counted separately. The city wall is oval shaped and covers an area of 47 hectares. On the opposite side of the Eridu Canal there is a 5 hectare mound with a sizable (113 meter by 137 meter) building. A 130-meter barrage extended through the city wall into the waterway. As the waterway meandered to the east the site expanded into its former bed.
The site was surveyed by the Iraqi-Russian Multidisciplinary Project (IRMP) team in 2018, 2019 and 2023, and briefly excavated in 2020 and 2021. In the second season two soundings of three were excavated to virgin soil. Evidence of monumental mudbrick construction was found including walls up to four meters wide. Neo-Babylonian pottery shards are found on surface. In the 2023 season new hi-res aerial orthoimagery has been collected.
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75829789
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Krick
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Nicolas Krick
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After extensive preparation, Nicolas Krick set out to explore northern India in search of a route to Tibet. He started looking for carriers with a guide (Tchôking). Despite the fear of the Mishmi tribes, who had a reputation for slavery, Nicolas and Tchöking managed to recruit 17 carriers, and the expedition began on December 18, 1851. Nicolas Krick took numerous notes, taking topographical, geological, zoological and botanical measurements at every stop. On December 19, he eats monkey. On the 20th, he met the first members of the Mishmi tribe. The expedition continues to be a dangerous and difficult one, particularly as the paths taken a little further run alongside precipices in the foothills of the Himalayas.
The encounter with the first Mishmi village is very peaceful. Nicolas Krick, unable to communicate in any other way, uses his flute. He is touched by the Mishmi hospitality. The group continues on their way, despite the fact that the Mishmis and Tibetans are at war. On December 24, 1851, they arrive at the home of Khroussa, a village chief, and learn that the Mishmis are sending an ambassador to the Tibetans to end the war. Khroussa asserts that it is not possible to go any further until peace has been concluded. The carriers demand Nicolas Krick to pay what he owes them, what he is doing, and they abandon him and his luggage. He confides to his diary the discouragement that assails him, far from the euphoria of the first days: "If I hadn't been a missionary, I would have said: 'Let's go back'. In fact, that's what all my people promised themselves they'd do."
| 2.421875
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75829789
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Krick
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Nicolas Krick
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Illness and convalescence
Back at the Abors, Krick falls seriously ill. His fever is accompanied by a severe weakness or depression, and his strength diminishes. He returns to Saikhoa, hoping to see the new missionary Augustin Bourry. His health worsened and he decided to return to Nowgong in May for medical treatment. In Nowgong, a doctor in his care considers his condition hopeless. Bedridden and depressed for months, he only wrote to the superiors of the Paris Foreign Missions on September 20, 1853. He tells them of his illness: "Six months of this dreadful illness with all the violent remedies have totally exhausted me. I am but a shadow of my former self. All I have left is dry, wrinkled skin on my bones. This fever is unknown in Europe. It kills in less than 24 hours, and those who escape are demoralized and useless for several months." In his letter, he complains about the lack of directives given by the Paris Foreign Missions: the mission to Tibet is a mission in a remote country that is difficult to access, and between the missionaries and Paris, correspondence is rare and communications difficult.
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75829981
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpiper%20Hill%20House%20Windmill
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Sandpiper Hill House Windmill
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The narrative takes a tragic turn with McCaffray, who, like many others, suffered greatly after the stock market crash of 1929, some accounts suggesting he jumped to his death. This history paints a vivid picture of the estate's cultural significance, its personal connections to broader historical events, and the dramatic tales that surround it.
After his wife's death, the property was bequeathed to the Jesuits, who used it as a retreat before selling it to the Rheinstein family in 1946. In the 1930s, Edgar Grimes and his wife Cecilia became the caretakers. Cecilia endured the devastating hurricane of 1938, which blew out the windows of the house, forcing her and the children to seek shelter in the garage.
During World War II, in June 1943, Edgar Grimes witnessed the distant glow of naval warfare, as German U-boats attacked Allied ships off the coast. There's a local legend that the wooden statues were destroyed by fire at the hands of local kids.
Sidney and Florence Rheinstein, along with their extended family, enjoyed the estate until it succumbed to significant beach erosion in the 1960s. The front lawn became a 100foot drop to the sea, and the house became unlivable. As a result, portions of the land were gifted to the municipality to facilitate the removal of debris and to create a public pathway to the beach, resulting in "Sidney Rheinstein State Park," known for its surfing. It was subsequently renamed to ‘Rheinstein Estate Park,’ a conservation area, which became a popular surfing spot and home to the 'Ditch Witch' food shack. Serving as a nature reserve it preserves the natural beauty and history of the area, while in close proximity to Ditch Plains and Montauk station.
| 1.929688
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75829981
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpiper%20Hill%20House%20Windmill
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Sandpiper Hill House Windmill
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In 1972, renowned photographer Peter Beard bought land for a ranch in Montauk, New York, and acquired the windmill from the Sandpiper Hill House in Ditch Plains. He relocated it eight and a half miles to his property. During its renovation, the windmill was hit by lightning, an event which inspired the name Thunderbolt Ranch. Throughout his lifetime, Thunderbolt Ranch became a hub for Beard's circle of writers, musicians, and artists. Beard had salvaged the windmill from the dismantled Sandpiper Hill House for $15,000, giving it a new home on his ranch.
Peter Beard, born into New York high society, was the descendant of a railroad magnate on his maternal side and a tobacco fortune on his paternal side. His education spanned Buckley, Pomfret, and Yale. At 17, he ventured to Africa, capturing the experience with a Voigtländer camera gifted by his grandmother. Beard became well known within the global art and social circles. In 1972, he purchased the land in Montauk adjacent to Andy Warhol's estate for approximately $135,000—a property that would now be valued at over $20 million. His photography subjects on this estate included notables such as Truman Capote, Mick Jagger, and Jackie Onassis, whom he captured with his camera skinny dipping.
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75830299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Pontevico
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Castle of Pontevico
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Thus it was that, at night, Visconti and his troops managed to sneak inside the fortress through the drawbridges. By day, the army broke out of the fortress and attacked the League, who responded in large numbers with the support of the people of Pontevico, armed with stones and spears. Despite initial resistance, the League army could not hold out for long and was forced to surrender. Pontevico was sacked and its inhabitants massacred or imprisoned, and the city walls were torn down.
The century of the condottieri
In 1404, the presence of Ugolino Cavalcabò is recorded inside the fortress, which he employed as a base for his own military operations, gathering there about 7,000 infantrymen and 200 horses. Also at the beginning of the 15th century, a truce with an exchange of prisoners was signed in the castle between Cabrino Fondulo (who requested to visit the fortress personally) and Pandolfo Malatesta, who later took refuge in the fortress, which he had fortified and then used it on several occasions against Cremona. The fifteenth century is remembered as the century of the condottieri (or captains of fortune), and during this period the Fortress of Pontevico hosted many of them.
In 1426, in the early stages of the Wars of Lombardy, the Republic of Venice, led by Carmagnola, invaded the Brescian area and took control of Pontevico Castle. The Serenissima erected and renovated the main fortresses on the Oglio River, therefore those of Orzinuovi, Asola and precisely Pontevico, entrusting their care to a provveditore and a castellan. According to a description from this period, the castle was surrounded by walls and ditches and equipped with bastions and watchtowers, while the town stretched around it, around the provincial road and the ancient parish church named after St. Andrew.
| 2.609375
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75830299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Pontevico
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Castle of Pontevico
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Despite an initial advance into enemy territory with the capture of Pagazzano Castle, the defeat at Agnadello sent the Venetian army into such a crisis that it seemed that the Venetian Republic was destined to subjugate. As the French troops entered Bergamo, Brescia and Cremona, Pontevico Castle, to show its dedication to the Serenissima, welcomed every escapee, however not for long as it was occupied by the French in June. On the journey from Ghedi to Cremona, the King of France with his court stopped to sleep in Pontevico Castle on June 22.
In 1510, the people of Pontevico, with the support of the castellan, started a major revolt, to the point that the French fled and managed to capture only 14 rioters. The town thus returned to Venetian hands, however, for a short time since as soon as word reached Bologna (headquarters of the French army) of the Venetian reconquest of the Brescian area, the transalpines sent Gaston of Foix-Nemours to conquer Brescia and Gian Giacomo Trivulzio to conquer Pontevico Castle. On February 19, 500 of Trivulzio's lancers managed to penetrate the fortress, which was sacked along with the town; on the same day Brescia suffered an even worse fate, so much so that in addition to the looting it also saw numerous massacres towards civilians and priests in the temples, in what is remembered as the Sack of Brescia.
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75830299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Pontevico
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Castle of Pontevico
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At that time the peninsula was under the control of Napoleon, who crowned himself in 1805 in Milan, creating the Kingdom of Italy. For that very occasion, on May 5, 1805, an iron plate was produced in the Pontevico foundry surmounted by a medal depicting the Emperor with his head girded with laurel and around it the inscription Napoleon Emperor of the French and King of Italy. On either side of the medal, a figure of a spearman resting his right foot on the globe and a swaddled woman holding in her hands a cornucopia facing the ground are depicted. An imperial eagle holding a bundle of lightning in its talons surmounts the medal, while on the iron plate is the inscription:
Currently, the slab is stored in the Museums of the Sforza Castle.
In 1816, following the Congress of Vienna, Pontevico became part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, dependent on the Austrian Empire. In the same year, the former fortress was visited by the Archduke of Austria.
During the 1840s, after the foundry ceased operations at the end of the following decade, the German Kewmüller purchased the castle, which he had completely demolished in the spring of 1844; during the demolition work, the old secret passageway that passed under the bed of the Oglio River was obstructed. Work on the construction of a new castle in neo-Gothic forms, intended to house commercial and industrial activities, proceeded with great urgency; however, with the 1848 Riots, work came to a halt. With the death of Prince Kewmüller, his successors did not care to continue the work. Only two of the four wings had been erected; the others were never built again.
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75830335
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns%20of%20Alexander
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Horns of Alexander
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Classical antiquity
According to legend, Alexander went on pilgrimage to the Siwa Oasis, the sanctuary of the Greco-Egyptian deity Zeus Ammon in 331 BC. There, he was pronounced by the Oracle to be the son of Zeus Ammon, allowing him to therefore have the Horns of Ammon, which themselves followed from Egyptian iconography of Ammon as a ram-headed god or, in his Greek-form, a man with ram horns. The complete imagery may have represented a hybrid depiction that combined the naturalistic face of Zeus' portraiture with Ammon's horns depicting the Egyptian deity in order to signify the emergence of a new political system that encompassed the world, across regions such as Greece, Egypt, Asia, and so forth. Depictions of Alexander with the rams two horns appear under his successors, although there is not yet evidence of such depictions during his own lifetime. Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt and more prominently the king of Thrace Lysimachus were the earliest produce coinage of Alexander with the rams horns. This continued under Arsinoe II from 275 to 268 BC. It was not for another two centuries that this practice was revived by Mithridates VI Eupator in the 1st century BC, after which numismatic representations of a two-horned Alexander ceased. Representations would continue in the form of literature, sculptures, and other artistic expressions continued.
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75830335
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns%20of%20Alexander
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Horns of Alexander
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Quran
In Surah Al-Kahf (18) in the Quran, a figure by the name of Dhu al-Qarnayn appears, which literally means "The Two Horned One". Islamic commentators most commonly associated Dhu al-Qarnayn with Alexander the Great. Second most frequently tied to Dhu al-Qarnayn was a figure named Sa'b Dhu Marathid, a fictional Himyarite king whose biography was also derivative from that of Alexander's. Contemporary scholars also view Dhu al-Qarnayn as Alexander the Great. The choice of name for Alexander as the Two Horned One draws on motifs depicting Alexander as being two-horned in late antiquity.
Medieval Islam
In the medieval Islamic period and in light of the widely held understanding that the Quran was depicting Alexander as being two-horned, Alexander would widely be referred to as the "Two-Horned One" and his name often merged with that phrase. In Arabic-language Alexander traditions, Alexander was variously called "Dhu l-Qarnayn", "al-Iskandar Dhūl-qarnayn", or sometimes just "Dhūlqarnayn". One example is the ninth-century Hispano-Arabic legend known as the Qissat Dhulqarnayn, meaning "Story of the Two-Horned One", whom it identifies as Alexander. Another Qissat Dhulqarnayn was produced in the eleventh century within the Ara'is al-majalis fi Qisas al-anbiya''' (Book of Prophets) of al-Tha'labi (d. 1036). The Hadīth Dhī ʾl-Qarnayn, also known as the Leyenda de Alejandro'', is a 15th-century Hispano-Arabic legend which also identifies Dhu al-Qarnayn with Alexander and refers to him by that name.
Ethiopia
The reference to the horns of Alexander are also found in the Ethiopic Alexander Romance.
| 2.234375
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75830516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elga%20Meta%20Shearer
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Elga Meta Shearer
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Elga Meta Shearer (February 19, 1883 – October 11, 1967) was an American educator, school administrator, and textbook author.
Early life and education
Shearer was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin, the daughter of Peter Tait Shearer and Margaret Brotchie Shearer. Her parents were both born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland. Her older brother Conrad Shearer became a United States senator representing Wisconsin. She graduated from Kenosha High School in 1900. She earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1922, and completed a master's degree in 1923 at Columbia University.
Career
Shearer began teaching in her hometown during her teens. She was a founding member of the executive committee of the Columbia County Teachers' Association in 1912. In 1914, she began teaching at a normal school in Superior, Wisconsin.
Shearer left Wisconsin to be assistant superintendent of schools in Butte, Montana from 1917 until she resigned to protest school board policies in 1921. In 1922, she moved again, to Long Beach, California, where she was supervisor of kindergarten and elementary teachers in the public schools. She also taught at summer teacher training programs in Utah, and at UCLA.
Shearer took a leave from Long Beach schools in 1928 to work on a textbook about reading. In the mid-1940s she was first vice-president of the California School Supervisors Association. She was president of the University Women's Club of Long Beach, and represented the club in 1947 at the national conference of the AAUW, held in Texas. In 1949 she was chair of an interracial women's public affairs committee at the YWCA in Long Beach.
Publications
"The Cafeteria as an Integrating Activity" (1930, with Blenda Butts)
"Reading Made a Vital Activity" (1931, with Ruth Berry)
"The Environment: A Contributing Factor to Growth in Concepts and Skills" (1939)
Wings for Reading (1942, with Carol Hovious)
Personal life
Shearer died in 1967, at the age of 84, in Kenosha.
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75830642
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bev%20Dovey
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Bev Dovey
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Beverley Alfred Dovey (24 October 1938 – 12 January 2024) was an English rugby union international.
Born in the Forest of Dean, Dovey was a prop and made his debut for Lydney while a Lydney Grammar student. After school, he attended Leeds University and played his rugby for Roundhay, during which time he was a Yorkshire county representative. He continued his studies at Christ's College, Cambridge and attained a blue in the 1960 Varsity Match.
Dovey, a schoolteacher by profession, moved several times during his career for work and was capped by England while teaching at Merchant Taylors' School, from Rosslyn Park. He appeared twice for England in their title-winning 1963 Five Nations campaign, against Wales at Cardiff and Ireland at Lansdowne Road.
Between 1965 and 1970, Dovey played 184 1st XV games for Bristol. He was captain of the Western Counties side which defeated the touring Wallabies in 1967 and also led his native Gloucestershire in county fixtures.
Bev Dovey died on 12 January 2024, at the age of 85. He was the father-in-law of Irish professional rugby player David Blaney.
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75830696
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Ruffin%20Bridgeforth
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George Ruffin Bridgeforth
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Career
After graduation, Bridgeforth forged a career as an instructor and administrator at historically Black colleges in the South. He taught briefly at the State Normal School in Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1902 he became a professor of agriculture at the Tuskegee Institute, where he served under principal Booker T. Washington and initially worked as assistant to department chair George Washington Carver, two of the period's most prominent African American figures. In 1906, Bridgeforth was the first operator of the so-called Jesup agricultural wagon, a mobile classroom for educating farmers about agricultural scientific techniques.
A "big, energetic, blustery man with a flair and a taste for administrative power," Bridgeforth openly disdained Carver's abilities. Disputes between the men grew bitter and personal. In 1904, Washington threatened to split the agriculture department, relegating Carver to oversee the experiment station and agricultural instruction and promoting Bridgeforth to director of agricultural industries. Carver blocked this move by threatening to resign, but Washington implemented the reorganization four years later. The feud between Carver and Bridgeforth intensified to the point that Washington had to separate them at work, with Bridgeforth continuing to oversee agricultural education and operations while Carver oversaw the research enterprise. Washington died in 1915, and within three years, Bridgeforth had resigned to work as a county demonstration agent. In May 1918, he accepted a position as principal and president of the Kansas Industrial and Educational Institute, a small state vocational school with around 150 students and 20 teachers operating in Topeka, Kansas, since 1895. As president, Bridgeforth established a hospital and nursing education program at the school.
| 2.6875
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75831319
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plisnesk%20archaeological%20complex
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Plisnesk archaeological complex
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Plisnesk archaeological complex is a group of archaeological sites located near the khutir of Plisnesk (now part of Pidhirtsi, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast), at the source of the Buzhok river.
The early medieval settlement had a big area of 400-450 ha which could inhabit tens of thousands of people, surrounded by several rows of fortifications, smaller settlements, more than 142 burial mounds, and included a fort with a pagan center. It was a Polis-like city and one of the centers of ancient tribe of White Croats. The city's downfall and layers of burning are considered to be related to the Vladimir the Great's war with the Croats (992-993).
Since 2015 is regionally protected as a Historic and Cultural Reserve "Ancient Plisnesk".
Information
In 1810, the first studies of the complex were conducted by the Vasylian Father Varlaam Kompanevych and the local official Heisler. Subsequently, archaeologists Teodor Zemencki (1881–1883), Karol Hadaczek (1905, 1907), Yaroslav Pasternak (1940), Ivan Starchuk (1946–1949), Volodymyr Honcharov (1953), Mykhailo Kuchera (1954), Roman Bahrii (1970–1972, 1983), Mykola Peleshchyshyn, and Roman Chaika (1980) joined the study of Plisnesk. Mykhailo Fylypchuk (1990, 1993, 1998–2004, 2007–2016) and Andrii Fylypchuk (2015–2022) discovered dozens of dwellings, hundreds of Christian burials, Varangian mounds, structures of defensive structures, and a pagan cult site in the Olenyn Park tract.
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75832052
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%20Huacheng
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Ye Huacheng
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Ye Huacheng (born in 1800, or 1812 ?), also known as Donggu, was a native of Haicheng County in Fujian Province, Qing Dynasty, and later moved to Jingshan in Xiamen. In 1853 (the 15th year of the Daoguang Emperor's reign), he passed the imperial examination and became a juren. He was active during the reigns of the Daoguang and Xianfeng emperors, and was a close friend of Lu Shiyi. He was also a disciple of Guo Shangxian and Zhou Kai, and was deeply influenced by their mainstream calligraphy principles of promoting copybooks. Later, he was recommended by Zhou Kai to teach at the "Jigu Book House" established by Lin Benyuan in Banqiao. Along with Lu Shiyi and Xie Guanqiao, he was known as one of the "Three Masters of the Lin Family" among the calligraphers and painters of that time. Of the three masters, he spent the shortest time in Taiwan. Because of his calligraphy skills, he was also known as one of the "Two Masters of the East and West" along with Lu Shiyi (Xicun), and was part of a group of four calligraphers known as the "Four Masters of the East, West, South, and North" along with Chen Nanjin and Lin Guohua (Shubei).
Ye Huacheng was skilled in both calligraphy and painting. There is a belief that he was skilled in the clerical script, but most of his surviving works are in the running, and there are no surviving examples of his clerical script works. He once copied Yan Zhenqing's "Draft of a Requiem to My Nephew," " Draft of a Requiem to My Uncle," and "On Seating Arrangement" in running style, and introduced Yan's running-cursive script style to northern Taiwan. Because Xie Guanqiao also learned Yan's calligraphy during the same period, after the reign of Emperor Daoguang, most scholars in Taiwan commonly learned Yan's running-cursive script, which became a trend at that time and had an impact on the cultural development of northern Taiwan.
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75832266
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel%20Mary%20McCutcheon
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Mabel Mary McCutcheon
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Mabel Mary McCutcheon MBE born Mabel Woolgar aka Mabel Mary Franks (13 April 1886 – 30 December 1942) was a British born Australian nurse who established health facilities at the Port Adelaide Central Methodist Mission which is now called UnitingSA.
Life
McCutcheon was born in Sussex at Hangleton in 1885. Her parents were Jemima Florence (born Coles) and Alfred Woolgar. Her father was a skilled blacksmith. She qualified as a nurse and she then worked in London, Dublin and New York. When the first world war started she joined the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service and she was posted to France, Egypt and Greece. In 1917 she married an Australian soldier named Wilfred Henry Franks and she became a War bride. By the time she arrived in Adelaide on board the SS Megantic in 1920 she had a baby daughter. The marriage however ended in divorce in 1922 and at about the same time she registered as a nurse in Australia. The same year she was employed as a matron and by 1925 she married a Methodist minister and social worker at the manse in Payneham, South Australia. She and Reverend Arthur McCutcheon had a son late that year.
| 1.992188
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75832527
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena%20Braj%C5%A1a
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Jelena Brajša
|
Abandoned children
From July 6, 1969, when she took care of the first abandoned child, until her death in 2021, Zagreb's Caritas took care of more than 5,000 abandoned children. After Glas Koncila published about the case of the first received child, from July to December 1969 Zagreb's Caritas received 70 unwanted or abandoned children. From 1969 to 1990, Brajša and her co-workers from Caritas housed abandoned newborns at the Archbishop's House at Kaptol, Zagreb. Carmelite nuns from Vrhovec also took care of some infants. Daughters of Divine Charity also took care of the children and their education. The first house for around twenty abandoned children was opened in Vugrovec. In 1983, the centre for occupational therapy and rehabilitation "St. Vincent de Paul" was opened in Oborovo. In 1991, abandoned newborn and infants were relocated from Kaptol to a newly opened house in Savica-Šanci. In 1994, with the financial aid of Austrian Caritas and foreign donors, Caritas home for children victims of war was opened in Brezovica.
Personal life
She adopted four children who bear her family name and three more children whom she took in but who she did not officially adopt.
The oldest adopted child is Tomislav Brajša, musician and singer. He was born in a hospital in Pula, where his biological mother left him. Although he was not born blind, due to the negligence of the doctors he went blind in the incubator.
Her youngest adopted son Tomi Brajša, born without both legs, is a paraswimmer and he competed for Croatia at the 2021 Summer Paralympics.
In February 2004, she was operated on for a brain tumor.
Awards
She received several awards for her work:
Albert Schweitzer Medal (1992)
City of Zagreb Award (1993)
"Dr Kurt Waldheim" Award (1993)
Person of the dialogue-Person of the year by Croatian Academic Association (1998)
Humanist of the world (2000)
Medal with the image of the Mother of God of the Stone Gate (2008)
| 2.234375
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75833051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Bateson
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Anna Bateson
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Anna Bateson (née Aikin or Aiken, c. 1830 – 1918) was an English suffragist who aided with the foundation of Newnham College, Cambridge.
Early life and family
Born about 1830 to James Aikin of Liverpool, she married William Henry Bateson, Master of St John’s College, Cambridge. Four of her children – botanist Anna Bateson, geneticist William Bateson, journalist Margaret Heitland, and historian Mary Bateson – were all active in the women’s suffrage movement.
Newnham College
In 1875, Anna encouraged St John’s College to lend land for the first building of Newnham College. She served on the first governing body of the College from 1880 to 1885.
Suffragist and liberal activism
In 1884, along with Millicent Fawcett, Kathleen Lyttelton, and her daughter Anna Bateson, she founded the Cambridge Women’s Suffrage Association. She was its secretary until 1890 and also sat on the executive committee of the Central National Society.
She was president of the Cambridge Women’s Liberal Society and an active speaker for the Women’s Liberal Federation, where she served as vice-president.
Death and legacy
She died in 1918.
Newnham College has an Anna Bateson Room.
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75833059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuanshanzia
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Tuanshanzia
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Tuanshanzia is a genus of Proterozoic eukaryote, known from several locations across China and India, including the Gaoyuzhuang and Chuanlinggou formations, the eponymous Tuanshanzi Formation, as well as the Vindhya Basin. It is probably an alga, although its exact classification is currently unclear. Tuanshanzia seems to be part of a wider group of elongate Proterozoic algae, alongside Changchengia and Eopalmaria.
Description
Tuanshanzia specimens range from long, and are often preserved as carbonaceous films with a wide range of shapes, varying by species. The type, T. lanceolata has a lanceolate shape, whereas other species have shapes ranging from oval to elongated. As a form taxon, Tuanshanzia is likely paraphyletic, although as no practical alternative exists it remains a valid genus. The genus is named after the Tuanshanzi Formation, where it was first discovered, while the various species are named after their morphology. Many of the specimens from the Tuanshanzi Formation are likely microbial mat fragments due to their rough edges and irregularity, however some are likely actual algae due to smooth and regular margins, alongside carbon isotope analysis showing similarities to eukaryotes.
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75833857
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Punapargi
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Battle of Punapargi
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The Battle of Punapargi (Estonian: Punapargi lahing) was a skirmish during the Estonian Independence War between Estonian soldiers of the 6th Infantry Regiment and the retreating Imperial German forces near in Pärnu County on 23 December 1918.
Background
In October 1917, the German Imperial Army occupied the West Estonian archipelago, and in 1918, most of mainland Estonia was occupied.
After the formal end of the First World War in November 1918, the German Imperial Army which occupied Estonia was starting to withdraw from Estonia and other occupied territories.
On 17 December 1918, the commander of the 6th Estonian Infantry Regiment, , ordered a group of Scouts to monitor the withdrawing German forces in Saarde Parish, Pärnu County. The group of soldiers were ordered to refrain from starting a battle with the German forces during negotiations.
Course of the Battle
On December 23, 40 Estonian Scouts with two heavy machine guns left Mõisaküla headed towards Punapargi. The soldiers arrived at Punapargi by train. A column of German soldiers were seen moving along the railway. The Estonian forces wanted to engage in negotiations. The Estonian soldiers dismounted from the train, and reportedly a German officer fired his revolver at Verner Limberg. An Estonian soldier fired back, hitting the German officer.
The German soldiers started engaging the Estonian soldiers, who retaliated by firing on the German forces with a machine gun. German forces advanced against the Estonian forces, who were ordered by Limberg to retreat back to the trains. 7 soldiers who resisted against retreating were surrounded and killed by the Germans with bayonets. An Estonian private reportedly hid his rifle and pretended to be a sawmill worker, surviving the Germans surrounding him. The private rejoined his group after the Germans left.
Aftermath
The battle lasted ~20 minutes.
The retreating Estonian forces regrouped in Tihemetsa and returned to Mõisaküla.
| 1.914063
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75834427
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Page%20%28footballer%29
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William Page (footballer)
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William Robert Page (12 December 1858 - 1 July 1884) was an association footballer who won the FA Cup as a player for Old Carthusians.
Early life
Page was the son of William Emmanuel Page, a doctor at St George's Hospital in London, and Julia Catherine (née Keate). He attended Charterhouse School and showed an aptitude for football, his first appearance of note being for the "twenty-two" against the "eleven" in an inter-school match in 1873, under the captaincy of his future Cup-winning team-mate Alexander Tod. In 1876–77 he became captain of the school's first side; he led the school side to a 1–1 draw with the Old Carthusians in November 1876.
Football career
On leaving school he went up to Queen's College, Oxford, and represented the University twice in the Varsity Match, in 1878 and 1879, thus earning his Blue. However he was on the losing side both times.
He also made his FA Cup debut for the University in the 1877–78 competition, scoring twice in a 5–2 first round win over Hertfordshire Rangers. He was one of six first-choice players forced to miss the second replay against the Royal Engineers at the last-six stage, and a weaker University side bowed out of the competition.
He made a splash in the University's first round tie in the 1878–79 FA Cup, scoring four times in a 7–0 romp over Wednesbury Strollers, but for the 1879–80 FA Cup he pledged his loyalty to the Old Carthusians, which had now decided to enter the competition, and scored the club's first goal in the competition in a 4–0 first-round win over Acton.
Page played in three of the ties in the 1880–81 FA Cup, including the final, against the Old Etonians. He had a hand in at least one of the three goals which won the Cup for his side, the second goal coming from Edward Hagarty Parry after Etonian goalkeeper Rawlinson could only parry a Page shot; he may also have provided the pass to Tod for the third goal, although some reports credit Richards with the "assist".
| 2.21875
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75834909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20de%20Aquino%20Correia
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Francisco de Aquino Correia
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Aquino Correia was born in the former Murtinho family home on the Fazenda Bela Vista, a plantation on the banks of the Cuiabá River. The house is nicknamed "Predestination House" (Casa Predetinada) by historians for producing two of the most important figures in the modern history of Mato Grosso: Joaquim Murtinho and Dom Aquino Correia. Murtinho, who was born in the residence in 1848, became a pioneer in homeopathic medicine in Brazil and also served as a senator and government minister, being best known for his role as Minister of Finance (1898–1902) under president Campos Sales. The house was listed as a state-level historic structure by the State Secretary for Culture, Sports and Leisure of Mato Grosso (Secretaria de Estado de Cultura, Esporte e Lazer de Mato Grosso) in 1984.
Education and religious life
Aquino Correia began his studies at the primary and secondary schools that first emerged in Cuiabá in the late 18th century. He began at Colégio São Sebastião and continued at the newly opened Conceição Seminary at age 10. The Conceição Seminary opened in 1882 was the first secondary school in Mato Grosso, but had fallen into decline by 1895. Aquino Correia completed his education at the Liceu Salesiano de São Gonçalo, where he received a bachelor's degree in humanities.
Correia entered the Novitiate of the Salesians of Dom Bosco in Cuiabá in 1902, and took religious vows in the Salesian Congregation in the following year. He went to Rome in 1904 where he studied philosophy and enrolled, simultaneously, at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He would receive his doctorate in theology at Saint Thomas Aquinas university in 1908. On January 17, 1909, having already received all Minor and Major Orders, he was ordained a priest.
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75835026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie%20Dybisz
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Natalie Dybisz
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Natalie Aniela Dybisz (born 1986), known professionally as Miss Aniela, is a British fine-art fashion and surrealist photographer. Selvedge describes her work as a "fus[ion of] traditional photography with digitally enhanced motifs and surrealism."
Early life
Dybisz was born in 1986 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. A self-taught photographer, she began taking self-portraits at 15 but began focusing on it at 21 while studying English and Media at the University of Sussex.
Dybisz started posting her self-portraits on Flickr in April 2006 and quickly garnered online popularity. After leaving university, she assumed she wouldn't be able to commit fully or professionally to photography for another year or two at least. Five months later, however, she was contacted by Microsoft and asked to speak at their Pro Photo Summit in Seattle about digital photography. At this point, she decided to quit her job to pursue photography full-time.
Photography
Dybisz utilizes models and practical effects in the first part of her process, then does digital post-production using Photoshop. She is inspired by her environment, dreams, experiences, literature, and fine art, particularly 16th-century chiaroscuro artists, such as Caravaggio. She has shot in mansion, castles, and stately homes in France and England, such as Château de Champlâtreux, and in other locations such as abandoned buildings. Normal Magazine described her work as "combin[ing] baroque aesthetics and the directives of commercial work."
| 1.914063
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75835217
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20S.%20L.%20Farquharson
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A. S. L. Farquharson
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Meditations
Farquharson worked on the translation of Meditations of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius for many years. The edition was of two volumes. First volume contained translation and Greek text on opposite pages, and the second one was a lengthy commentaries on the text. The book was published during the World War II, after Farquharson's death in 1942. Edition was prepared by Major John Sparrow and David Rees, and published in 1944.
Farquharson's translation was received positively by reviewers. It was called "clear and graceful translation ... [that] contains a magnificent collection of illustrative and parallel passages from writers of all ages". Another reviewer noted that "[t]here has probably been no scholar of recent times better fitted to edit and interpret the meditations of the Stoic Emperor than the late Dr. Farquharson" and that "the new translation is nearly flawless". Another reviewer called it "monumental and beautiful work" that "promises to be the standard edition and commentary of Marcus for a long time to come".
Publications
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78944632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Munro
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William H. Munro
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William Hilliard Munro (August 7, 1860 – January 17, 1918) was a Canadian politician who was the first mayor of the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
He was born August 7, 1860 in Appleton, Ontario (today, Mississippi Mills) the third son of John and Sarah Munro, Lanark County farmers.
A machinist, he moved to Sault Ste. Marie in 1896 to serve as a mechanical advisor to Francis Clergue. For a time he was superintendent of Algoma Iron Works, a foundry and machine shop Clergue established to build equipment for his paper plant and other industries.
Munro served seven terms as a town councillor and two terms as its mayor. As mayor he led the initiative to have the town incorporated as a city, petitioning the provincial government for the change. The Act to incorporate the City of Sault Ste. Marie was assented to on April 16, 1912, and provided that the existing town council headed by Mayor Munro would become the first council of the new city until the end of its term early the following year.
Munro served another four terms as a city alderman, being elected to one year terms in 1913, 1914, 1917 and 1918. In the 1915 election, he ran for mayor, but lost to J. A. McPhail.
Munro died on January 17, 1918, having fallen through the ice while trying to return home from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan across the St. Marys River. There having been no witnesses or body found, he was presumed missing. Several months having passed, in May 1918 the city council declared Munro's Ward Two seat vacant and elected a replacement to fulfill the remainder of his term. On August 18, seven months after he went missing, Munro's remains, still in his winter coat, were found near the government dock on the Canadian side of the St. Marys River. The coroner called on Thomas Simpson, Munro's successor as mayor, to identify the body.
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78944703
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Madeleine%20Bernard
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Portrait of Madeleine Bernard
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Portrait of Madeleine Bernard is an August 1888 oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, now in the Museum of Grenoble, which bought it for 20,000 francs in 1923. It shows Madeleine Bernard, sister of the French painter Émile Bernard (1868-1941) (they both visited Gauguin around that time) and is painted on the other side of the June 1888 The White River by the same artist. He seemingly used both sides of the same canvas for practical reasons, due to lack of funds or because he could not find canvases in Pont-Aven at that time.
The joint work was initially acquired by a collector from Montpellier, Maurice Fabre, who then sold it to Eugène Druet. It then passed to Alexandre Bernheim and was bought by its present owner in 1923 for 20,000 francs or - as that museum's curator Andry-Farcy put it - "10,000 francs per Gauguin!". It was stolen in June 1978 whilst being brought back from an exhibition in Marseille, but was recovered in a poor state of conservation the following year. It has now been re-framed and restored.
| 2.015625
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78944906
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiocephalus%20altavelensis
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Leiocephalus altavelensis
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Leiocephalus altavelensis, also known as the Alto Velo curlytail lizard, is a species of lizard belonging to the family Leiocephalidae. It is endemic to Isla Alto Velo, an island located off the southern coast of the Dominican Republic. The species was first described by George K. Noble and William G. Hassler in 1933.
Taxonomy
Leiocephalus altavelensis has been the subject of taxonomic debate. While once considered a subspecies of closely related Leiocephalus barahonensis, molecular evidence supports its status as a distinct species. Morphological distinctions also set it apart from its relatives, further justifying its specific designation.
Distribution and habitat
Geographic range
This species is exclusively found on Isla Alto Velo, a small island with a total area of approximately 4 km². The island is part of the Jaragua National Park in the Pedernales Province. Its distribution is limited to the fringing rocks and coastal zones, with an elevational range from sea level to 100 meters above sea level. The species is absent from the island's central plateau.
The Alto Velo curlytail lizard inhabits xeric coastal environments, where it utilizes rocks, leaf litter, and grass for shelter and foraging. The species is oviparous. Its habitat overlaps with seabird nesting grounds, adding complexity to its ecological interactions.
| 2.328125
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78945008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20K%C3%A1rolyi
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József Károlyi
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Count József Hilarius Sergius Marius Franz Anton Johann Nepomucen Károlyi de Nagykároly (7 October 1768 – 4 April 1803), was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier.
Early life
Károlyi was born in Vienna, the capital of the Archduchy of Austria on 7 October 1768. He was a son of Antal Károlyi de Nagykároly (1732–1791) and Józefa Antalné von Harrucker de Békés-Gyula, a daughter of Court Chamberlain, Baron Johann Franz Dominik Bernhard von Harrucker.
His paternal grandparents were Count Ferenc Károlyi (only surviving son of Count Sándor Károlyi) and Krisztina Csáky de Körösszegh (a niece of the Archbishop of Kalocsa, Cardinal Imre Csáky). His aunt, Countess Anna Károlyi de Nagykároly, was the wife of Count Pál Szapáry, and another aunt, Countess Eva Károlyi de Nagykároly, was the wife of Count József von Starhemberg.
He was educated at the Collegium pauperum nobilium in Vác, which was run by the Piarists under the direction of Cardinal Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi, the Prince-Archbishop of Vienna. While in school, he traveled extensively around Europe with his father, including dining with Chancellor Ferenc Esterházy, and attending an audience with Queen Maria Theresa. Beginning in 1785, he was taught law and history by university professors in Vienna, including by Baron Karl Anton von Martini, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Franz Anton Zeiller, Johann Heinrich von Heyden, Leopold Plech and Abbot Giacomo Brumati.
Career
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78945538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Polish%20local%20elections
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1990 Polish local elections
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The campaign played out primarily at the local level. The programmes of the electoral committees were created on the basis of the investment priorities of individual settlements and villages. In addition, they included criticism of the previous local authorities and communist governments (also on a general scale), demands to the central authorities for more funds for commune development, and expressions of dissatisfaction with the current government. Matters of so-called ‘big politics’ rarely appeared. The Confederation of Independent Poland reached for anti-communism in its campaigning (slogans from posters: ‘Enough of socialism, comrades’, “Come on, red sunshine”) and tried to take over the Solidarity electorate (slogan from a poster: ‘If you were disappointed with Solidarity, don't boycott the elections - vote for KPN"). The Confederation of Independent Poland formed many local coalitions, mainly with newly established parties with a Christian Democratic and agrarian-nationalist profile. These groupings (e.g. Christian Democracy, Labour Party and Christian National Union) ran more often in cooperation with civic committees and treated the local elections as preparation for the future fight for parliamentary and senatorial seats.
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78945538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Polish%20local%20elections
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1990 Polish local elections
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The election result confirmed the dominant role of the Solidarity and citizen movements on the Polish political scene. In Warsaw, out of 345 councillors, 301 came from the Solidarity-associated citizen movements. In Gdańsk, out of 60 seats, they won 59. In Kraków, out of 75 seats, 72 went to these candidates and 3 to Confederation of Independent Poland. In several voivodeship cities, the citizen committees won over 70% (or even over 85%) of the seats in the councils, as was the case in Bielsko-Biała, Częstochowa, Krosno, Łódź, Płock, Przemyśl, Rzeszów, Skierniewice, Szczecin, Wałbrzych, Wrocław and Zielona Góra. The rate was lower in those voivodeship cities where there were conflicts within the Solidarity camp or where support for Solidarity was already lower than the national average in 1989. This applied to: Łomża, Piła, Ciechanów, Konin, Włocławek, Lublin, Sieradz, Koszalin, Siedlce, Piotrków. In cities with a population of less than 40,000 and in municipalities, support for Solidarity was lower and at the same time (due to the lack of electoral lists) more difficult to estimate. Overall, the Solidarity and affiliated citizen committees won about 24,000 seats. Among the parties, the Polish People's Party fared best, while the result of the other political groupings nationwide fluctuated between 1-3%. In municipalities with up to 40 000 inhabitants, the majority of seats (52%) were won by candidates put forward by citizens' groups. In the former Galicia, the highest electoral efficiency was recorded among the 464 candidates put forward at village meetings. As many as 61% of them won seats, with the average for single-mandate districts being 36%.
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78945538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Polish%20local%20elections
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1990 Polish local elections
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The Polish government was concerned with the disappointingly low turnout, considered ‘a defeat of engagement of local communities’. Later investigation identified two main issues that contributed to the decreased turnout - firstly, voting places were opened until 20:00, which constituted a difficulty for those living outside their permanent residence; secondly, there was no option to vote in municipal units other than one's permanent residence, which meant that students, internal migrants, army conscripts, hospitalized citizens or those on holidays were "deprived of their active electoral right". For the 1994 elections, the government introduced a number of reforms. For next election, a homogenous proportional system with usage of d’Hondt's method or Sainte-Lague's method was implemented, although municipalities up to 15,000 or 20,000 inhabitants retained a mixture of majority and proportional system. Many single-seat constituencies were reformed into constituencies with 2 to 5 seats. A new law also allowed for a dismissal of a local councilor.
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78945560
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishore%20Chandra
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Kishore Chandra
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Kishore Chandra Birabar Harichandan was the Raja of Talcher from 1891 until his death in 1945.
Early life
He was born on 9 July 1880 to Ramchandra Birabar. He was educated at Ravenshaw College, Cuttack.
Succession
He succeeded his father as the Raja of Talcher on 18 December 1891. Owing to his minority on the occasion, the state was placed under the court of wards. He was granted full administrative powers on 9 July 1901.
Reign
The administration of state was carried out under his personal supervision. He improved and conducted it on modern lines. He was easily accessible to all his subjects and patiently listened to those who sought redress from him. His state was rich in mineral resources, especially coal, mica, limestone, building stone, etc. In 1906, he got a sample of coal from Talcher tested in Kolkata and invited applications for leasing mines of coal, mica, and iron. He gave 8 mi (20.7 km²) of his state coal resources on lease. During his reign, the income of Talcher increased from 82,353 rupees in 1900–01 to 5,73,083 rupees in 1934–35, and during the same period, its expenditure rose from 73,047 rupees to 2,95,772 rupees. Expenditure on education increased from 1,775 rupees in 1900–01 to 18,344 rupees in 1934–35, and expenditure on sanitation rose from 857 rupees to 8,517 rupees. He raised the wages for both skilled and unskilled labor up to six times. He opened a zoo to collect, protect, and breed endangered animals. He introduced a series of administrative and constitutional reforms in his states. He introduced three Byabastha Parisadas in Talcher during the year 1939 with 50% elected members. He opened schools and a workshop at Talcher. He opened Kishore Chandra Sahitya Samaj, a literary institution.
Personal life
He married the fourth daughter of Basu Deb Sudhal Deb, the Raja of Bamra, and had two sons and a daughter. His daughter was born on 10 December 1900. His eldest son, Hrudaya Chandra, was born on 27 February 1902, and his second son, Pramod Chandra Deb, was born on 12 September 1903.
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78945736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Reformatory
|
The Reformatory
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The same review commented that the novel explores the corruption of the American justice system and the town of Gracetown itself. Lyle McCormack, the teenager whom Robert kicked to protect Gloria, is a member of a powerful local white family which has become wealthy due to slavery. The McCormack family has "monetized the Black body, an act of dehumanization that did not end with emancipation as it continued into the 20th century." The review notes that after the fire in which Blue died, the reformatory serves as a "synecdoche for the town itself." Miss Anne believes that she is a supporter of racial equality, but Gloria "calls attention to Anne’s hypocrisy, repeatedly reminding her that her family once owned people." The character of Miz Lottie concludes that "'Maybe it’s a curse on us—a town named for Grace that don’t act like no godly place.'"
Style
After Robert's sentencing to the reformatory, the novel unfolds through two points of view. In one, Robert's perspective is presented from inside the reformatory. In the second, Gloria and other characters work to free him from imprisonment.
Background
The novel is dedicated to the real-life Robert Stephens, Due's great-uncle who died at the Dozier School for Boys in 1937 at the age of fifteen. In 2013, Due learned of her great-uncle's existence when she received a call from the Florida state attorney general's office informing her that she likely had a relative buried at the school. This inspired her to write The Reformatory, a process which took seven years.
Reception
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78946118
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasamax%20DM139
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Nasamax DM139
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The Nasamax DM139 is a Le Mans Prototype (LMP) racing car built by KW Motorsport. It was modified from a Reynard 2KQ-LM chassis and converted to 2004 Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) LMP1 specifications. The name is a reference to one of the public roads (D139) that forms part of the Circuit de la Sarthe. The car is famous for being the first alternative fueled protoype car to finish the 24 Hours of Le Mans and was featured in an issue of the British science magazine, New Scientist. This car has the distinct honor of being the first homologated car for the ruleset, giving it the number: "ACO LMP1 001".
Developmental history
The car started life as a Reynard 2KQ-LM chassis and was heavily modified to conform to the 2004 LMP1 regulations. Team Nasamax replaced the previous, unreliable, CART Cosworth XDE V8 with the 5.0 L V10, Judd GV5. The engine was developed with input from Judd and Nasamax. The new regulations on rear wings limited the aerodynamic efficiency of the car with the designer, Kireon Salter, suggesting that "the overall downforce was down by as much as 25%". Several rear wings were used in an attempt to generate more rear downforce as they did not have a wind tunnel model to test designs.
Racing history
The racing career of this chassis was brief, with just one full year of competition in the 2004 Le Mans Endurance Series. In its debut race at Monza, Robbie Stirling and Werner Lupberger qualified ninth and had the fastest straight-line speed during the session, reaching . They finished eighth in LMP1 and overall, 15 laps down.
For the next race at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Stirling and Lupberger were joined by Kevin McGarrity. Due to its usage of biofuel, the ACO allowed the team to increase the car's fuel tank capacity to 120 liters. Team Nasamax qualified 14th with a time of 3:42.429. During the race, the car had an engine misfire. Despite this they finished 17th overall and seventh overall and became the first prototype to finish the 24 Hours of Le Mans, while powered by an alternative fuel.
| 2.109375
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78946396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govindachetty%20Rangaswami
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Govindachetty Rangaswami
|
Govindachetty Rangaswami (10 May 1925 – 7 September 2005), commonly referred to as G. Rangaswami, was an Indian agricultural scientist and administrator known for his contributions to agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and sericulture. He served as the Vice-Chancellor of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University from 1971 to 1978 and played a pivotal role in advancing agricultural education and research in India.
Early life and education
Rangaswami was born on 10 May 1925 in Kuttapatty village, Madras Presidency. He graduated from the Agricultural College, Coimbatore, in 1946 with distinction in Agricultural Botany and Plant Pathology. His academic excellence earned him two medals for first rank in his class. He continued his academic journey at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, where he undertook an Associateship from 1951 to 1953. During this period, he researched plant pathogens and soil microbiology under the mentorship of Dr. R. S. Vasudeva. In 1956, he earned a Ph.D. from Rutgers State University, New Jersey, under the mentorship of Nobel Laureate Selman A. Waksman.
Career
After returning to India in 1956, Rangaswami joined the Mycology Section of the Agricultural College, Coimbatore, where he continued his research in soil microbiology.
In 1958, he joined Annamalai University, Chidambaram, as the Head of the Department of Agriculture. There, he founded the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, the first in India to offer postgraduate and doctoral programs in the field. His research focused on plant pathogen survival in soil and microbial environments in the spermosphere, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere.
In 1965, Rangaswami became the Dean of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. From 1971 to 1978, he served as the first Vice-Chancellor of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. During his tenure, he expanded academic initiatives and integrated plant pathology and microbiology into broader agricultural studies.
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78947837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Roemer
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Walter Roemer
|
Walter Roemer was a German jurist who played significant roles in both Nazi Germany and post-war West Germany. His career spanned two contrasting periods of German history, highlighting the complex issue of continuity in the German legal system after World War II.
Nazi era
During the Third Reich Roemer held the position of First Public Prosecutor at the Munich I State Court. In this role, he was involved in the executions of resistance fighters at Stadelheim prison. One of the most notable cases he supervised was the execution of Sophie Scholl, a member of the White Rose resistance group.
Post-War career
After the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, Roemer's career took a significant turn:
He was appointed as an undersecretary in the newly formed Federal Ministry of Justice (BMJ).
Roemer became the director responsible for Public Law in the BMJ, a department that dealt with basic rights and human rights.
Controversy and legacy
Roemer's post-war appointment to a high-ranking position in the BMJ exemplifies a broader trend in post-war West Germany:
The BMJ, until the 1970s, was largely staffed by former members of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). This staffing practice was justified by citing the "necessary legal experience" of these individuals The presence of former Nazi jurists in key positions had significant implications for West German law and justice, including:
influencing case law and legislation
shaping the appointment process for judges and prosecutors
ensuring that many Nazi criminals escaped prosecution
creating obstacles for surviving victims of Nazi jurisprudence seeking justice
Roemer's case is part of a larger narrative about the lack of a clean break in the German justice system after 1945. The continuity of personnel from the Nazi era to the post-war period has been a subject of historical research and debate, as exemplified by "The Rosenburg Files," a comprehensive study of the Nazi past of the Federal Ministry of Justice.
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78948933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20in%20Euripides
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Women in Euripides
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This reduction of the prevailing misogyny to its most primal expression was likely a deliberate choice by Euripides to critique the hubris of his society and the ideology that suggested an ideal polis could be experienced without the presence of women. The drama no longer targeted merely the hubris of individual characters but that of society as a whole.
Maenadism and feminism
Euripides showed interest in the Maenads, figures significantly linked to the condition of women in the Greek world, through certain male characters. Thus, the Dionysus of The Bacchae is described by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Helene Deutsch as a "revolutionary feminist", particularly because he liberates women by sending them to live as Maenads in the mountains, a means of emancipating them from patriarchal oppression, according to her. In this play, the last of the playwright, Dionysus first liberates the women before creating his ideal city in nature, on the mountains—a city of poetry and freedom—contrasting with an Athens engaged in the censorship of art.
Fatherhood and daughters
Contrary to the prevailing opinion expressed in most Greek texts of the period, Euripides valued having daughters. He believed that having a daughter could bring happiness to her father, and that a daughter would therefore not be any more useless than a son to a father. This position is reflected in fragments of Danaë, as well as in The Suppliants, where one can read:
Open critiques
Patriarchy and marriage
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78948933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20in%20Euripides
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Women in Euripides
|
Euripides, feminist?
In reality, the fact that Euripides is the only tragic playwright whose ancient sources note and discuss his treatment of women indicates that he is the only one who treated women as such. He is the only tragic figure to grant them a "deliberate treatment" and, in a certain way, nearly created the woman as a subject within Greek literature. Jennifer March, revisiting the question of whether Euripides could truly be considered misogynistic according to the criteria established by Aristophanes, concludes:
Assaël, for her part, argues that in Euripides' work, "tragedy arises from a destroyed happiness, from a thwarted passion. Women either experience it or desperately trigger it. And the poet is moved". The figure of Euripides as a feminist was appropriated by suffragettes during their political struggles in the early 20th century. They particularly recited the "feminist" monologue of Medea at some of their meetings and viewed the playwright in a positive light.
Limits and discrepancies
However, despite the particular perspectives that the playwright chose on a series of points concerning women, the Euripidean works remain marked by significant sexism and misogyny, which continue to color the texts and are quite traditional and commonplace in the society in which Euripides operated. He thus engaged in controversies regarding Sparta; considering that the athletic education given to all women would prevent them from pursuing intellectual studies, even if they wanted to. This athletic education, with the athletic body being perceived as deeply sexual by the Greeks, would explain why the Spartans were seen as more sexually immoral than other Greek women by the playwright.
| 2.8125
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78949369
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%20James%20%28architect%29
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Col James (architect)
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He lived in Redfern, where in the late 1960s he established a collaborative called Archanon which aimed "to empower communities for social equity and environmental sustainability". In Redfern, a suburb with a large population of Aboriginal people, James worked with Father Ted Kennedy, Mum Shirl, Dick Blair, and Bob Bellear and his wife Kaye on many grassroots community services. These included the Aboriginal Medical Service, Aboriginal Legal Service, and Black Theatre. He also worked with the Aboriginal Housing Company (AHC) on the acquisition and upgrading of properties that made up The Block in Redfern, from 1973. His pro bono work with AHC continued over around 30 years, including during its redevelopment, known as the Pemulwuy Project.
One of Archanon's close collaborators in the 1970s was urban designer, architect, and artist Nick Hollo, when Hollo was a tutor at the University of Sydney School of Architecture. Around 1975–1977 Hollo and James, in collaboration with students, designed and built an autonomous house on university grounds, behind its Wentworth Building. This taught self-build sustainability to hundreds of students.
James was involved in a project designing low-cost housing in Nimbin, and, in collaboration with a group of students, published Low Cost Country Home Building, "a self-help book for people wanting to build simple houses in rural areas". James promoted the idea of multiple occupancy (MO) homes, and this guide led to the flourishing of MOs in the Northern Rivers region of NSW.
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