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Porphyria cutanea tarda (pct) is the most common type of porphyria worldwide, affecting sun - exposed areas of the skin, manifested by cutaneous fragility, vesicobullae, atrophic scarring and formation of milia . This condition is a disorder of heme biosynthesis caused by a catalytic deficiency in uroporphyrinogen deca...
The prevalence of prostate cancer is rapidly increasing and prostate cancer is now the 7th most commonly diagnosed cancer in korea . Factors contributing to this increase include an aging population; westernization of the diet, such as higher intakes of dietary fat, meat, and excessive calories; and the availability of...
The 2007 american medical association expert committee on prevention, assessment, and treatment of childhood obesity identified caregiver feeding behaviors as an important target for intervention, categorically stating that there is consistent evidence to support avoiding overly restrictive feeding behaviors . A growin...
Large animal experiments with quadrupeds are frequently performed to investigate pathomechanisms of different cardiac pathologies (e.g., mitral regurgitation or heart failure) and/or to test novel treatment options (e.g., novel heart valve designs or mechanical support systems). The three - dimensional orientation of t...
Opipramol is an atypical anxiolytic and antidepressant drug which has been found to be effective in depressive disorder . Although it was developed by schindler and blattner in 1961, its use was limited and recently it has regained popularity among psychiatrists all over for the treatment of somatoform and depressive d...
The proportion of overweight and obese adolescents has increased in the western world and the trend is predicted to continue . Finland is no exception, and depending on the definitions used, approximately 10 to 20% of finnish adolescents are considered overweight or obese . In a comparative study of 41 countries, the o...
This article reviews the magnetic resonance imaging (mri) techniques available for use in the diagnosis and management of patients with cerebral metastases . Particular attention is paid to advanced imaging methodologies from which quantitative parameters can be derived, the role of these imaging biomarkers in distingu...
The affective component of pain includes feelings of annoyance, sadness, anxiety, and depression in response to a noxious stimulus . In particular, depression and pain share a high degree of comorbidity, and a large number of studies have examined the close relationship between pain and depression . The rate of depress...
Invasive procedures mainly chorionic villus sampling (cvs) and amniocentesis are very common for prenatal diagnosis . Nowadays, conventional prenatal chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), and array comparative genomic hybridization (acgh) analyses depend on samples acquired from invasive proce...
Increasing initial tension in the screw known as preload, without exceeding its yield strength stabilizes the screw joint . An integral part of this process in dental implant screws is tightening screws to an appropriate torque or target value . It is demonstrated that application of insufficient preload, affects the s...
We used a mean - field version of a biophysical cortical attractor network model to derive predictions of the temporal dynamics of activity in a cortical region that selects between inputs reflecting the value of two options . The model comprises two populations of excitatory pyramidal cells selective for each option, ...
Force systems in most orthodontic treatments are considered indeterminate and the magnitude of forces and moments are, in practice, largely unknown . The physiological mechanism primarily responsible for tooth movement in response to a force is the periodontal ligament (pdl). Short - term tooth movement is regarded as ...
Bloodstream infection (bsi) is a life - threatening condition caused by the presence of microorganisms, generally bacteria or fungi, in the blood . Bacterial bloodstream infection (bbsi), caused by a range of bacteria, can be distinguished as either community acquired or hospital acquired and lead to high morbidity and...
The provision of antiretroviral therapy (art) in sub - saharan africa (ssa) has resulted in reduced mortality, morbidity, and an increase in life expectancy.1,2 despite these successes, approximately 59% of all people in africa remain without treatment despite being considered eligible.3 also, for those in care, improv...
For the first half of the twentieth century the clandestine abortion industry seems to have been tacitly accepted by south african law enforcement officials . Generally abortionists, medical and untrained alike, were prosecuted only in the aftermath of a woman s death when the police could no longer look the other way ...
Functional bowel disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), are common gastrointestinal disorders all over the world . However, in the last few decades, advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ibs have revealed several factors, including alterations in the microbiota, as potentially relevant t...
High - heeled shoes (hhss) are defined as shoes in which the heel is higher than the forepart . Hhss often also include a narrow toe box, rigid heel cap, and curved plantar region, all of which interfere with natural foot motion . Hhss have been worn for several centuries1, and despite numerous cautions against their u...
Herries ([1, page 11]) reanalyses the published data from the most recent excavations at twin rivers and argues that there is considerable uncertainty about the age of the deposits and as a consequence about the significance of the site . He concludes that the sequence may be significantly younger than claimed and make...
In october 2013, university of north carolina hospitals, an 853-bed facility, implemented a new hand hygiene program (clean in, clean out; http://news.unchealthcare.org/empnews/handhygiene) in all inpatient areas, after a successful pilot implementation of the program in the pediatric intensive care unit (2). Key featu...
World stroke incidence studies have shown that there has been a 42% decrease in stroke incidence in high - income countries and more than a 100% increase in low - to middle - income countries . Early stroke case fatality has decreased in both high - income and low - to middle - income countries1 . Despite the increase ...
The cytoskeleton has a well - organized and dynamically regulated subcellular architecture composed of core filaments and various accessory proteins . A variety of cellular signaling events are supported by cytoskeletal / scaffold components, which in some cases constitute structural hubs for signaling and/or in other ...
While drugs can cause acute rhabdomyolysis individually, they can also interact with other drugs by cytochrome p450 and p - glycoprotein mechanisms to bring on the syndrome.clinicians should evaluate drug interactions in patients taking two or more medications . Acute rhabdomyolysis (ar) is a clinical syndrome that occ...
Several decades ago, treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) were almost entirely surgical . During the 1990s, various minimally invasive surgical procedures (mis) were developed, including transurethral microwave thermotherapy, transurethral needle ablation, and transurethral laser vaporization . Although te...
Root - end filling materials play an important role due to their physical, chemical and biological properties . Several materials have been suggested for root - end filling, including amalgam1, zinc oxide19, irm9,13, composite resin15,22, eba1,14,20, polycarboxylate cement16, sealer 2624, sealapex24, hydroxyapatite14, ...
Although cardiovascular disease has been decreased in developed countries, it is increasing in developing countries without noticeable public health responses (1). In iran, like other developing countries, cardiovascular disease is the main reason of death and disability (2). It has been indicated that this disease cau...
Airbags protect the passengers against a crash by providing a padding device, which allows the impacting and impacted surface to deform, thereby extending the duration of the impact and reducing its severity.1 although airbags have substantially reduced the rate of mortality and morbidity, those who have survived may s...
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (lvnc) is a congenital cardiomyopathy caused by a defect in endomyocardial morphogenesis.1) it is characterized by prominent trabeculation and deep intertrabecular recesses, resulting in thickened myocardium consisting of 2 layers - compacted and noncompacted myocardium.2) lvnc i...
The fungal kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecological niches, life - cycle strategies, and morphologies . Of the 1.5 million species estimated to belong to this kingdom, only about 5% were formally classified . Plant pathogenic fungi are able to cause extensive damage and losses to agricul...
As an abrupt or rapid decline in renal filtration function, acute kidney injury (aki) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality . In critically ill patients, those with aki usually present a worse clinical outcome than their non - aki counterparts . Although regarded as the standard indi...
An abundance of literature documents an association between childhood trauma and the later development of a broad list of physical and mental illnesses including; eating disorders, substance abuse, phobias, personality disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune disorders.15 more recently, ...
Corticobasal degeneration (cbd) is an uncommon, sporadic, neurodegenerative disease described for the first time by rebeiz et al . . It can be associated with an extraordinary variety of motor, sensory, behavioural, and cognitive symptoms . It is an asymmetrical parkinsonism affecting a limb, typically an arm: rigidity...
Fibrosarcoma is a neoplasm of mesenchymal cell origin that is composed of malignant fibroblasts in a collagenous background . Kulander and bolen defined it as a neoplasm of fibroblasts capable of producing metastatic spread . Fibrosarcoma is a very rare malignancy with possible occurrence in the whole head and neck reg...
Autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, diagnosed on the basis of behavioral criteria . From the neurobiological perspective, asd can be considered an umbrella term that may encompass multiple distinct neurodevelopmental etiologies (geschwind and levitt, 2007). Since any given cohort is thus ...
Recent studies have suggested that memory might benefit from physical exercise as well [36]. These behavioral results are in accord with neuroanatomical observations showing that the volume of the human hippocampus, a key structure for the consolidation of long - term memories, increased in humans who had exercised for...
Committing a crime and its legal penalties in mental patients has always been a controversial issue among psychiatrists and lawyers . Commission of crime and hostility and their forensic consequences can worsen patient's condition and disturb his family and society and even make legal engagements for the psychiatrist ....
The obvious questions i asked were what was happening? And, why were we seeing these improvements? We asked other parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (asd) and many had observed similar changes while taking antibiotics . In fact, we discovered, much to our surprise, that many parents of autistic children ...
Aesthetic facial concerns have been the main reason for dermatological consults in the last few years . Periorbital hyperpigmentation is defined as bilateral, homogeneous hyperchromic macules and patches primarily involving the lower eyelids but also sometimes extending towards the upper eyelids, eyebrows, malar region...
Positron emission tomography (pet) is a non - invasive imaging technique used to diagnose neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders . This method facilitates longitudinal studies of various animal models of alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, epilepsy, parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia . This com...
A network is generated by determining the first- and second - order interactions of cd proteins associated with a given morphological subgroup in a human protein interaction network consisting of refined experimental proteomics data . This network is described in high detail in lage et al (2007, 2008), and online (http...
Greater than 80% of pavms are congenital, and approximately 50% of are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (hht). In addition to common complaints, such as dyspnea and epistaxis, a pavm can cause hemoptysis, hemothorax, and serious neurologic complications, such as stroke, seizures, and brain abscesse...
Cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important crops worldwide in terms of production and it is considered the most important food source for people living in tropical regions with arid soils . World production of cassava was estimated to be 276 millions of tons in 2013 and therefore it is considered t...
The treatment of lymphoma depends on the type, location and stage of the disease . The majority (50%90%) of oal is low - grade mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma . According to the world health organization modification of the real classification, the other 4 main types of oal are follicular cell, mantle...
For well over a decade, the association of connective tissue growth factor (ccn2, also known as ctgf) with fibrotic diseases has been the driving force behind many investigations designed to understand its biology and biochemistry . There are now countless studies that attest to the importance of this molecule in fibro...
The hippocampus is a major component of the brain of humans and other mammals located bilaterally in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface . It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long - term memory and spatial navigation particularly the ca3 subregion of the hippocampus . Our ...
Syncope is a common problem accounting for 3% of emergency department (ed) visits, 16% of hospital admissions and affecting 6 per 1,000 people per year . The aetiologies of syncope vary from benign conditions like neurogenic (vasovagal) syncope to serious life - threatening cardiac arrhythmias . In addition, falls as a...
Cervical cancer is the second major cause of cancer - related mortality in women worldwide and accounts for 250,000 deaths each year (1). It is well established that the infection with high - risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer (2). Although many...
An unprecedented opportunity for identification of disease biomarker candidates has been provided by the advent of high throughput technologies in the past decade [1, 2]. The explosive growth of large data sets has been overwhelming in terms of the number, size, format, and complexity [3, 4]. While diversified data set...
Leukemia is a hematological disorder which is caused by proliferating white blood cell - forming tissues resulting in a marked increase in circulating immature or abnormal white blood cells . Leukemia arises from a hematopoitetic stem cell characterized by a disordered differentiation and proliferation of neoplastic ce...
Endometriosis is a chronic, benign, oestrogen - dependent inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of reproductive age women and 3550% of women with pelvic pain and infertility . It can be a debilitating disease with symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain . The definition of endometrios...
Bloc excision is mandatory but can represents a real technical challenge, expecially if tumor involves both the skull and the dura . The term primary intraosseous meningioma (pim) is used for an extradural meningioma that arises from the cap cells staying in the bone . They are mostly met at the periorbital and frontop...
In this article, we describe a new computational tool to determine nearly optimal folding pathways between two given secondary structures of an rna sequence . Our tool, rnatabupath, and related web server, rnapathfinder, have potential applications in synthetic biology; in particular, our work can be used to help engin...
After introduction of the acid etch bonding method by buonocore in 1955, direct bonding of orthodontic brackets was first performed by newman in 1965 [1, 2]. This method expanded so rapidly that nowadays, utilization of the acid etch technique along with light cure composites is the most common bonding system in orthod...
It is estimated that there will be> 234,000 new cases and 41,000 deaths from breast cancer in the united states in 2015, with 6% of women with breast cancer having metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.1,2 for patients who progress to metastatic disease, the 5-year survival rate is 25%.1 data are unclear as to ho...
In the early 1960s ross and barratt - boyes introduced the use of human allograft cardiac heart valves, or homografts, into clinical practice [1, 2]. In 2012 the 50th anniversary of the first so - called ross operation was celebrated . The ross operation encompasses implantation of a pulmonary autograft in the aortic p...
We also classified patients based on age, sex, performance status (according to the eastern cooperative oncology group), international prognostic index (ipi) score, presence of b symptoms, clinical stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level, primary site and treatment protocol . Clinical staging was determined acco...
Diabetic kidney disease (dkd) can be seen in approximately 30 to 40% of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients . According to american diabetes association (ada) data, there have been 17.5 million diagnosed and 6.6 million undiagnosed diabetics in the united states, and this situation was found to be closely associat...
Multiple myeloma (mm) is a common disease, accounting for 10% of hematologic malignancies . Pleural effusions occur in up to 6% of patients with mm [1, 2] but rarely as a result of primary myelomatous infiltration or pleural involvement [2, 3, 4]. Most pleural effusions in mm are secondary to heart failure from amyloid...
Blood - borne pathogens first encounter the adaptive immune system in the marginal zone region of the spleen where the convergence of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms insures an early and effective response to pathogen antigens (1, 2). Both thymic - independent and -dependent responses are elicited in response to ...
Pulmonary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are uncommon; most are caused by infections, like tuberculosis, vasculitis (behet's syndrome) or trauma, often iatrogenic; less common causes include pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, lung carcinoma, and connective tissue disease (1 - 3). Because of potenti...
This phenomenon is common on soils which have developed on naturally enriched rock substrates . Another source of soil pollution can be attributed to human activities, including mining, metal and ore processing, and industrial and agricultural activities (padmavathiamma and li, 2007). During recent years several plant ...
The term nonconvulsive status epilepticus (ncse) is defined as a range of conditions in which electrographic seizure activity is prolonged and results in nonconvulsive clinical symptoms, . The clinical features of ncse may be subtle and diverse, and confirmation relies on the electroencephalogram (eeg). Several approac...
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper . This is a case report, patient written consent has been obtained and will we available on request . Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images . A ...
Tissue valves are considered as ideal human cardiac valve substitutes because they have excellent hemodynamic properties and chronic anticoagulants are not necessary . However, the structural failure after prolonged usage prevents widespread adaption of the tissue valves, especially for young age groups (1). The reason...
Experimental animals: male c57bl/6ncrslc mice (8 weeks old) were purchased from japan slc (hamamatsu, japan). All mice were maintained in 40.5 20.5 18.5 cm individual ventilated cages (sealsafe plus mouse; tecniplast, buguggiate, italy) under controlled temperature (23 2c) and humidity (50 10%) on a 12-hr light / dark ...
The hippocampus is one of the first and most affected brain regions impacted by both alzheimer's disease (ad) and mild cognitive impairment (mci; arnold et al ., 1991; bobinski et al ., 1995;, 2004; schonheit et al ., 2004). In mild - to - moderate ad patients, it has been shown that hippocampal volumes are 27% smaller...
Tweak (tnfsf12) is a cell surface - associated type ii transmembrane protein (249 amino acids) belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily . Transmembrane tweak is processed into a secreted 156-amino - acid form, which adopts a homotrimeric conformation . Tweak mrna has been reported to be expressed in sev...
Colorectal cancer (crc) remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the united states (us) (1), despite the high survival rate from early treatment (2). It is estimated that 136830 new cases of colorectal cancer will be recorded in 2014 in the us and 50310 of these cases will die from the disease (3). Cancer o...
Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric brain tumor, with an incidence of ~0.5/100,000 children <15 years old (1). It is classified as grade iv according to the world health organization (who) (2). Current treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy has a limited role in improving the p...
The study is a retrospective, single - center, observational study approved by the institutional review board . There were 1872 patients that underwent ffr assessment between october 2002 and july 2010 at our institution . From 2002 to 2008, an ffr value 0.75 was used to defer revascularization based on the defer (ffr ...
The saint louis university androgen deficiency in the aging male (adam) questionnaire is widely used to screen late - onset hypogonadism,1 it has a sensitivity of 72%88%, and has a specificity of 20%32% for androgen deficiency in chinese populations.2,3 due to its lack of specificity, it is not appropriate to be used a...
The idea that the nervous system is a network of interconnected neurons has a long and illustrious history in neuroscience . Anatomical studies of the brain's cytoarchitecture, cellular circuits, and long - range fiber systems have yielded an extraordinary amount of detailed information about the brain's structural org...
The group of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) includes families of toll - like receptors (tlrs), nod - like receptors, c - type lectin receptors (clrs), and rig - i - like receptors (rlrs). A summary of the most modern conceptual data about members of these families and their structure and functions can be obtained...
Mucinous carcinoma (mc) of the breast is not a common disease and the incidence of mc was reported to range from 1% to 6% of all primary breast cancers (1 - 4). Mc of the breast was characterized by a large amount of mucin production and in general, defined as having a mucinous component of 50% or more (5, 6). Those le...
Coronary artery disease (cad) is the leading cause of death in western countries [1, 2]. Multi detector computed tomography (mdct), a non - invasive imaging modality featuring large scan coverage up to 320 detector system rows, sub - millimetre spatial resolution up to 0.23 mm, and high temporal resolution up to 135 ms...
From january 1998 through may 2005, a total of 2,421 fecal specimens were collected from children <10 years of age (median age 2.3 years) with acute diarrhea in rio de janeiro, brazil . Of these, 478 (19.7%) specimens were collected from hospitalized children (inpatients) and 1,943 from outpatient children (341 [14.1%]...
Achieving emmetropia in eyes with full thickness corneal grafts is a target that has long been pursued . For decades, a successful keratoplasty was judged in terms of preservation of a clear surviving graft as a final outcome . However, the ultimate goal of vision restoration was often hampered by the frequent associat...
The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv / aids) is in its third decade and has reached to alarming proportions worldwide . According to the centers for disease control and prevention, more than one million people are living with hiv with an estimated 56,300 infections happ...
In india, influenza surveillance has been carried out in multisite regional centres located at different parts of india (pune and nagpur in west, delhi and lucknow in north, kolkata and dibrugarh in east, chennai, vellore and kerala in south)20 . The national institute of virology (niv) pune, monitors genetic variation...
Modern drugs have made great contributions to better quality of life, less disabling symptoms, decreased demands of health care and a better prognosis . Despite this, one can nowadays notice an increasing proportion of negative side effects and adverse drug reactions due to extensive pharmacological treatment . To exam...
More than four decades of research has demonstrated that although the brain remains plastic throughout life, continuously reorganizing its connections in the face of new experiences, childhood represents a specific phase in the development of the synaptic network that is characterized by overall remarkable plasticity ....
The uptake of anaesthetic agent is defined as the amount of vapours that is taken by the alveoli . It depends on the agent solubility, cardiac output (co) and alveolar to mixed venous partial pressure difference of the agent . Severinghaus (1954) postulated that the uptake of nitrous oxide is inversely proportional to ...
Innate immune cells are cells that participate in immune defense against microbes but lack the clonotypic receptors responsible for diverse antigen - specific recognition and immune memory . These cells have conventionally been viewed as having a constitutive distribution and being incapable of selective adaptation tow...
Male wistar rats weighing 220240 g and male c57bl/6j mice weighing 2025 g were from centre elevage janvier, le genest - st . The animals had free access to tap water and standard food and were treated in accordance with european community guidelines concerning care and use of laboratory animals . Gavages of conscious r...
Resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma which whipple et al . Initiated after earlier attempts by codivilla and kausch have now been carried out for 80 years . Some authors claim a survival percentage of up to 22% and are widely quoted and extol the benefits and success of resections while others doubt that anyone sur...
This was a prospective non - randomized single - centre study of 66 eyes of 50 patients with progressive keratoconus seen at the cornea services of a tertiary eye care centre between january and december 2010 . Progression in keratoconus was defined as an increase of> 1.0 d of refractive astigmatism or an increase of> ...
Pregnancy and the postpartum can be times of joy and positive expectations but also of stress and difficulties . Pregnancy and delivery bring many physiological and psychosocial changes, and both mothers and fathers are required to face several new challenges during this period . Consequently, pregnancy and the post pa...
The structure of the human pelvis permits an upright posture and locomotion on two legs rather than on lore legs like other mammals . Although these structures are well adapted for bipedal locomotion, an upright posture may cause problem . For instance, lower extremity malalignment leading to overload of the femur and ...
Internal anatomy of the mesiobuccal (mb) root of the maxillary first molar has been studied extensively for the past three decades because this is the root that exhibited the maximum number of variations not only in the presence of extra canals but also in their canal configuration . The literature showed 73.2% to 93% ...
Both chinese and american indian medical practices depend on many medicines, including plant medicines . The doctors who use these plants require training in how to identify the plants, prepare the medicines and use the medicines appropriately . Chinese and american indian therapy can also depend on healing touch that ...
Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of visual loss worldwide, with vision - threatening diabetic retinopathy being present in 10% of people with diabetes . Diabetic macular edema (dme) is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy, and there is ample evidence for the role of vascular endothelial grow...
Most protein annotation and classification approaches depend heavily on the degree of observed amino acid sequence similarity to other related proteins . But even when sequence similarity between two proteins is low, structure similarity can be high . Thus, one of the most important improvements in protein classificati...
The blood vessels, as part of the human circulatory system, transport the blood with nutrition and oxygen and remove the waste throughout the body . The development of the vascular system is not a random process but follows a set of optimization principles, such as the minimum friction between the blood flow and the ve...
Klippel - feil syndrome (kfs) is a rare condition characterized by the congenital fusion of any two of the seventh cervical vertebrae . Sprengel's deformity (sd) is a congenital structural abnormality of the shoulder girdle; receive surgical treatment as a child or adolescence . The omovertebral bone is characterized a...
Hormonal contraception is one of the most widely used contraceptive modalities and provides very good efficacy and low failure rates . Continued research has explored and introduced new formulations and clarified some of the concerns regarding the use of hormonal contraceptives, and indeed overall reductions in all - c...
Pertussis is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by bordetella pertussis; this infection is most severe in infants . There are still 60 million cases of pertussis each year worldwide, resulting in about 300,000 deaths1). However, pertussis cases are increasing in western countries with high vaccination coverage...
Dental materials contain a great variety of different monomers and additives.1 because of the complex chemical composition and the incomplete monomer polymer conversion, several components are leached out from each resin - based restorative material into the oral environment.2,3 this in turn may cause some adverse effe...
Annually, an estimated 63000 new cases of primary nonmalignant and malignant central nervous system (cns) tumors are diagnosed in the united states with an estimated 13000 deaths . Most of the primary cns tumors are located within the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of the brain . There appear to be som...
The matricellular proteins are a heterogeneous group of extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins that interacts with either other ecm proteins and with cell - surface receptors, growth factors and cytokines . The periostin, also called osteoblast - specific factor 2 (osf-2), is a non - structural matricellular protein that ...
Incremental cost of pim use in the elderly is estimated to be $7.2 billion, pim use in ambulatory elderly patients has been found to be 50 per 1,000 person years . The elderly population is especially susceptible to use of pim as up to 94% take at least one pim . Pim is defined as use of a drug with risk of an adverse ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world . The prevalence and burden of copd are projected to increase in the coming decades due to continued exposure to copd risk factors and the changing age structure of the world s population, with copd lik...