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Type 2 diabetes is a public health concern across the united states, with certain ethnic groups bearing a disproportionate burden [1, 2]. Native hawaiians and other pacific islanders (nh / pi; e.g., samoan, chuukese) have higher type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence compared to other ethnic groups [3, 4]. They are t... |
Chest pa showed superior mediastinal widening and bulging of the right paraspinal interface (fig . 1). Increased opacity of the infrahilar window and thickening of the posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius were seen on the lateral chest x - ray . An oval - shaped mass measuring 9.73.86.0 cm was seen in the left su... |
Parkinson disease (pd) is a neurodegenerative disease which its prevalence varies by location and ethnicity (1, 2). The correlation between depression and parkinson disease has remained unclear among iranian population . The roles of demographic and disease - related variables are not fully described in the association... |
Fatigue is the most frequent symptom in multiple sclerosis (ms).1 the multiple sclerosis council defines ms related fatigue as a subjective lack of physical and/or mental energy that is perceived by the individual or caregiver to interfere with usual and desired activities,2 and has recommended evaluation with the 21-i... |
Currently, chronic kidney disease (ckd) is one of the most serious public health problems . Some recent epidemiological studies have suggested that approximately one million people with end stage renal disease (esrd) undergo replacement therapy worldwide . The increased prevalence of ckd in the developed and developing... |
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is an inherited disorder characterized by the development and growth of cysts in the kidneys and other organs . In adpkd patients, nephrotic range proteinuria is unusual and needs to be investigated further to exclude coexisting glomerular disease . Among the anecdot... |
It consists of a pair of cylindrically shaped centrioles surrounded by fibrous pericentriolar material . Before or during dna replication in s phase, the centrioles split, and each cylinder serves as a template for the assembly of a new daughter centriole . Before mitosis, when cells contain two pairs of centrioles, ea... |
A male neonate born to g2 p1l1 mother at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery to iii degree consanguineous marriage was found to have proximal shortening of both upper and lower limbs [figure 1]. The antenatal period was uneventful and antenatal ultrasound was reportedly not done during pregnancy and the mother was ref... |
Radioactive iodine thyroid ablation has been shown to be an inexpensive, safe, and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism . It is the most commonly used method for treating adult patients with graves' disease . Special precautions must be used in women of child - bearing age because of the possible detrimental side ef... |
Ischemic heart disease is the first leading cause of death among the world and caused 62.6 million disability adjusted life years in 2004 . Cardiovascular diseases (cvds) accounts for 17.7 million annual deaths in world - wide . Cvds are increasing in developing countries as they half of deaths and 80% of the related g... |
A 56-year - old female presented with best corrected visual acuity (bcva) of 20/120 and nuclear sclerosis (nuclear opacity 3, nuclear color 2 using lens opacification classification system iii) in the left eye (le). The surgery was performed using proparacaine drops (paracain ophthalmic solution 0.5%, sunways pvt . Ltd... |
Cytoscape 1, 2 provides an environment for the visualization and analysis of networks and associated annotations . The primary audience for cytoscape is the biological community and cytoscape supports a number of standard use cases for analyzing and visualizing biological data . Many of these use cases involve the sele... |
Each year, 200 000 inhospital cardiac arrests (ihca) occur in the united states, with overall survival rates of 18% to 20% . However, the extent to which hospitals vary in survival rates for ihca remains poorly understood, as prior studies have largely reported aggregate survival rates at the patient level or have had ... |
According to the world health organization (who) classification of tumors, a grading scheme, which represents a malignancy scale and a key factor influencing the choice of therapies, has been successfully applied to astrocytomas, the most common type of glioma . Glioblastoma is the most frequent type of brain tumor and... |
Caregiver is an individual who has the responsibility of meeting the physical and psychological needs of the dependent patient . Psychiatric patients need assistance or supervision in their daily activities and this often places a major burden on their caregivers, thereby placing the caregiver at a great risk of mental... |
Anesthesia providers routinely care for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (mri), and the implications for patient care are well known . However, there is scant literature on the occupational hazards of mri for health care workers . It is well known in the radiology community that exposure to a magnetic fie... |
This has caused widespread concern, considering the associations between obesity and a range of adverse health conditions . There is a widely held view that the increasing rates of obesity will lead to an epidemic of diabetes, other chronic conditions, and a subsequent reduction in life expectancy . However the picture... |
Although the peripheral nervous system has the ability to regenerate axons following injury, when nerve gaps are larger than 12 cm, bridging strategies are required for repair . In such cases, autologous nerve grafts have been used as the gold standard (deumens et al ., 2010; pfister et al ., . However, there are limit... |
When the gallbladder is not visualized in its normal location, the possibility of its ectopic location should be considered . A case of incidentally detected anomalous position of gall bladder causing confounding problem in interpretation of pet - ct is described . A 70-year - old man, with h / o chronic liver disease ... |
Digital intraoral radiographic systems have several advantages compared with conventional film - based radiography . These advantages, in endodontics, include the potential of a lower radiation exposure to the patient and faster image display . Moreover, it was introduced the opportunity of evaluating the progression o... |
Carcinoid tumors develop from stem cells of the bronchial epithelium known as kulchitsky cells, which have neuroendocrine activity . These neuroendocrine cells can develop tumors in many different organs with most common being the lungs, the appendix, the small intestine (duodenum), the rectum and the pancreas.1 the mo... |
Familial mediterranean fever (fmf) is a genetic, autosomal recessive disease affecting primarily non - ashkenazi jews, turks, arabs, and armenians . This disease is characterized by acute, short episodes of serosal membrane inflammation, and fever . The fmf gene, called as mediterranean fever (mefv) gene that encodes p... |
Cone beam computed tomography (cbct) was introduced to the dental field to replace the cumbersome, expensive, and high - radiation producing medical ct scans around a decade ago suomalainen et al . The american association of oral and maxillofacial radiology has stated that cross - sectional views are recommended for p... |
Male young adult (4 - 6 weeks of age) c57bl/6 (charles river), drd1a tdtomato bac transgenic (d1-tdtomato, gift of n. calakos, duke university, durham, nc), drd2egfp bac transgenic (d2-egfp), oxtrtm1.1wsy homozygous (cotr ko, jackson laboratory), or otr venus neo/+ (otr - venus, gift of l.j . Young, emory university, a... |
Mutagenesis was performed on age - synchronized l4 animals using ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) according to standard protocols . Briefly, when the animals reached the l4 stage, a large number of synchronized wild - type animals carrying the wyis85 transgene were suspended in a buffer solution and 20mmems (sigma - aldric... |
The emerging field of optofluidics explores new possibilities to combine optical detection techniques with micro- and nanofluidics to develop miniaturized optical sensors with improved performance . The analytical techniques commonly used include surface plasmon resonance (spr), surface - enhanced raman spectroscopy (s... |
Dialysis - related amyloidosis (dra) diagnosed in patients with advanced renal insufficiency on maintenance hemodialysis often manifests as signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (cts), chronic arthropathy, presence of subchondral cysts and pathological fracture tendency . Increased levels of beta-2-microglobulin... |
The prevalence of obesity is on the increase globally, both in developed and developing nations . In the united states, it is estimated that approximately 64.5% of adults can be classified as overweight or obese individuals . In addition to the morbidity associated with obesity, approximately 325,000 deaths in the unit... |
With over 100 different molecular targets, curcumin is the archetypal pleiotropic dietary agent,1 and is currently at the forefront of biomedical research, as cogently testified by the over 5150 entries for curcumin in pubmed, ie, about 10% of those for aspirin, the best known drug . The redundancy of targets makes it ... |
The posttraumatic immune response is characterized by a complex set of pro- and anti - inflammatory reactions in order to restore homeostasis and was shown to be organ and cell specific [2, 3]. Splenic immune response and cellular immunity are known to be depressed after trauma - hemorrhage leading to an increased susc... |
Lipoma is the most common soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasm in adults, which is located in any part of the body . The majority occurs in the upper - half of the body, particularly the trunk, head, and neck region, and it is rarely described in the oral cavity . Conventional lipoma has been divided into three forms accor... |
Electrostatic interactions comprise one of the principle interatomic forces, along with exchange - repulsion, dispersion, and polarization or induction . The importance of electrostatic interactions is paramount at long range and for polar molecules . Much development effort has been focused on computational treatment ... |
Anterior cervical spine fusion and stabilization is a well established procedure for cervical myelopathy, radiculopathy, neoplasms, and cervical trauma2). Although injuries to the pharynx and esophagus are known complications of anterior cervical spine surgery, delayed pharyngeal or esophageal perforation is rare7,9,10... |
Acute ophthalmia neonatorum (on) continues to play an important role in causing severe ocular problems of newborns in countries where primary health care coverage is insufficient, as in the case of angola . Unfortunately, in most clinical obstetric wards of luanda, the nation's capital, there is no regular plan of on p... |
This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the one hundred person project of sun yat - sen university (xz), national natural science foundation 81302262 (xz), the basser research center for brca (lz), the national institutes of health r01ca142776, r01ca190415, p50ca083638 (lz), the ovarian cancer research fund (l... |
The indications for our approach were as follows: (1) isolated pcl avulsion fracture; and (2) posterior tibial sag present at 90 of knee flexion . Intra - articular lesions except pcl avulsion fracture were excluded using preoperative magnetic resonance image because of posteromedial approach and the consequential pron... |
Cichlid fishes have undergone spectacular radiations in different parts of the world . In particular, the species flocks of the east african great lakes are well - known examples for rapid evolution and speciation [15]. Tanganyika, malawi, and victoria is inhabited by hundreds of mostly endemic cichlid species [6, 7]. ... |
Huge economic losses have been seen in livestock production causing problems in animals and humans . The use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control internal and external parasites is a widespread practice in livestock production and several broad - spectrum anthelmintics are available in the market for the control of hel... |
Maca (lepidium meyenii walp .) Is an endemic highland crop of the central andes which is grown from central peru to bolivia and northwestern argentina [1, 2]. This plant has great potential as an adaptogen and appears to be promising as a nutraceutical in the prevention of several diseases . Maca roots have been tradit... |
Myrtle (myrtus communis l.) is an evergreen shrub belonging to the family of mirtaceae that grows spontaneously throughout the mediterranean area . In italy it grows along the coast and in the inner hills, and it is spread especially in the islands, where it is one of the most characteristic species . Myrtus communis h... |
Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web site. |
The mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract have been called as various names including stromal tumor of unknown malignant potential (stump), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gist), gastrointestinal autonomic nervous tumors (gant) and gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumors (gipact) (1, 2). After stem cell... |
The asian tropopause aerosol layer is composed of sulfate, primary organics, and secondary organics the north american tropospheric aerosol layer is mostly composed of sulfate and secondary organics aerosol optical depth of asian tropopause aerosol layer increases by 0.002 from 2000 to 2010 the asian tropopause aerosol... |
Californium-252 is an artificial element with a half - life of 2.645 years, and it decays via either alpha emission (96.9%) or spontaneous fission (3.1%). Cf emits both photons and neutrons (2.3110 n / s/g) of varied energy with potential for both clinical brachytherapy and neutron capture therapy (nct) applications . ... |
The transposable element (te) was first described by mcclintock as a controlling element that jumps from one position to another in the maize chromosome in the mid-1940s, long before the discovery by watson and crick of the double helix structure of dna as a genetic element . It was a time when, after the rediscovery o... |
Smoking is a major risk factor associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers . Smoking is estimated to account for approximately 4 - 5 million deaths worldwide and approximately 443,000 deaths each year in the united states alone [2, 3]. Sufficient evidence has accumulated to conclude that tob... |
Ischemic mitral regurgitation can be defined as moderate to severe mitral leak precipitated by acute myocardial infarction . Valve repair is now the procedure of choice, but some cases can pose difficult anatomy . Most patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation have predominant annular dilatation at the posterior comm... |
A dna sequence contains six potential open reading frames (orfs), three on one strand and three on the reverse strand . However, typically only one of the six is actually expressed because it is associated with appropriate genetic signals that specify the dna strand and the reading frame to be transcribed and translate... |
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in end - stage renal disease (esrd) patients receiving long - term peritoneal dialysis (pd) therapy . Data from the canada and united states (canusa) peritoneal dialysis study showed that nearly half of the mortality in pd patients was due to cardiovascular disease .... |
With the development of chemotherapy, control of metastatic colorectal cancer has increased in recent years . Aggressive resection of distant metastases, local recurrence, or peritoneal dissemination has been performed, and good results have been reported [1, 2]. Particularly, aggressive resection has been recommended ... |
Colistin belongs to the polymyxin class of antibiotics which is a group of cationic polypeptides . However, the popularity rapidly faded in 1970s because of significant renal and neurological toxicity and was replaced with less toxic antibiotics with a comparable or broader antibacterial spectrum such as aminoglycoside... |
Variations in time, temperature, concentration, ph, and relative humidity may affect the sporicidal activity of various agents . Accordingly, and especially for real - world situations, attention must be paid simultaneously to more than one controllable or uncontrollable factor . In tables 1 and 2 and in the discussion... |
Deep brain stimulators (dbs) are increasingly used to treat carefully selected cases of movement disorders, pain, and psychiatric disorders that respond poorly to medical therapy . Anaesthesiologist may be involved in the implantation procedure or more frequently when these patients present for non - related medical or... |
The diagnoses of these disorders are primarily based on history, clinical features, and histopathology . The oral mucocutaneous lesions cause diagnostic problems, as these lesions resemble each other, and routine tissue biopsies may only offer a diagnosis of non - specific inflammation.1 for the past few years, immunof... |
Coevolutionary theories in the study of host parasite interactions indicate that antagonistic reciprocal selection pressures will lead to an arms race with a series of adaptations and counter - adaptations by the host and parasite (thompson 1994). Such antagonistic interactions actually accelerate molecular evolution c... |
The research reports, accumulated since the fortieth of the last century, regarding the isotope effects in chemical exchange system proved that there are little differences in the chemical properties of the different isotopes of the same element . Recently, researches in the isotopes separation field indicated that the... |
, priorities for prevention, treatment, and management can be identified, and strategies and resources allocated appropriately . For many years, diabetes has been a leading cause of vi in many countries, and still takes a major toll on vi . In england and wales, the uk national screening committee for diabetic retinopa... |
Genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to the functional deregulations of several signaling and metabolic pathways are known to be the major driving forces behind carcinogenesis and cancer progression . Those functional deregulations in cancer cells have been exploited for pathway - targeted anticancer therapy . ... |
Local anesthetics like lidocaine and bupivacaine, opioids like morphine, alpha2 adrenoceptor agonists like clonidine, dexmeditomidine, and magnesium sulphate have all been tried intra - articularly either as sole agents or in combination, to provide effective postoperative analgesia . Studies have shown that dexamethas... |
Disruptions in connectivity across distributed neural networks are common features of stress - related neuropsychiatric conditions, and understanding how they arise may yield new insights into mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability . Stress has potent effects on apical dendrites and postsynaptic dendritic spines in... |
The epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is over expressed in various solid malignancies including non small cell lung cancer (nsclc). However, they are associated with a dermatologic side effects, which can occasionally be responsible for discontinuation of the egfr inhibitors . Hence, we report a case of metastati... |
To report a case of acute quinine poisoning, document acute and chronic macular changes with optical coherence tomography imaging and fluorescein angiography (fa), and to review the literature on ocular toxicity of quinine . A 32-year - old white female presented to our emergency department after ingesting over 7.5 g o... |
Developmental dyslexia is a neurobiological disorder characterized by a difficulty in reading acquisition despite adequate intelligence, conventional education, and motivation (apa 1994). The prevailing view supports the hypothesis that dyslexia results from a specific deficit of auditory - phonological perception, rep... |
The diagnosed incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (nets) in the current decade has risen to 5/100,000 from about 1 to 2 cases per 100,000, three decades ago . This can be attributed to advanced diagnostic radiological and pathological techniques available in medical science today . Multi detector computed tomography (ct... |
Exposure to moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol during pregnancy remains a leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in north america (abel and sokol, 1986; may and gossage, 2001; chudley et al ., 2005; may et al ., 2009). Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd) face a broad spectrum of cogni... |
It consists of these phases: filling, congestion, rigidity and full erection (1). Noteworthy to know is that in most of the patients, maximum psv happens in the first 5 minutes; moreover, in a minority of patients all the process of changes happen in the first 5 minutes (5). For better description of these dynamic chan... |
Crohn's disease (cd) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that may involve different sites along the gastrointestinal tract . The disease tends to be more severe and widespread in children and young adults [1, 2]. During the last 2 decades, the incidence of cd in childhood has considerably increased [2, 3]. Pulmonary... |
A 28-year - old man who was known to have fhi in the right eye was referred for secondary iol implantation . Six years before referral, his right eye had undergone cataract surgery which was complicated by the capsular rupture and vitreous prolapse, for which the patient received complete anterior vitrectomy with remov... |
The world health organization (who), in 2012, indicated there were an estimated 8.6 million new cases of active tb and 1.3 million tb deaths . The world health organization reported saudi arabia as having a moderate tb incidence rate, with 15 for every 100,000 . Tb remains an important public health problem in saudi ar... |
There is considerable interest in understanding the role of vitamin d in cancer in general and in ovarian cancer in particular . Experimental studies have shown that vitamin d administration reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models [16]. Ovarian cancer incidence and mo... |
For a century, the cardinal features of alzheimer's disease (ad), amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, were thought to underlie this chronic neurological disorder . However, based on the evidence accumulated over the past ten to fifteen years, the toxicity of these lesions has been questioned . Instead, the eme... |
Physicians have long recognized that certain patients develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd), especially after cardiac surgery . Recently, as investigators have begun to examine the incidence of pocd after major non - cardiac, non - carotid, non - neurosurgical procedures, certain risk factors have been ide... |
Although perioperative mortality from tonsillectomy and submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (smuppp) with tonsillectomy has decreased significantly, postoperative bleeding is still an important complication . The incidence of bleeding after tonsillectomy is approximately 0.5%-10%, with death occurring in 1 in 20,000 p... |
Acute pancreatitis (ap) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable severity . It can be severe and associated with systemic or local complications, especially those with infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis (ipn). Gastrointestinal (gi) fistula is one of the well - recognized complications ... |
All forms of mercury viz ., organic, elemental, and mercury salts are toxic and manifestations depend on nature, intensity and the chemical form of mercury . Most human exposure results from fish consumption (organic mercury) or dental amalgam (metallic mercury). Kidneys are the prime target of mercury toxicity as it i... |
Hair dyes are perhaps among the most commonly used cosmetics by elderly and the young alike - for concealing gray hair by the former or just for a fashion statement by the latter . The popularity of hair colouring can be gauged from the fact that the median age for debut was 16 years and nearly 75% of women and 18% of ... |
Eosinophilic granuloma (eg), a benign local bone disease, is classified as the mildest form of langerhans' cell histiocytosis (lch). Eg predominantly affects children, adolescents, and young adults, and the skull is the most common site of involvement.5) the pathologic diagnosis of eg can be confirmed by positive stain... |
Situs inversus totalis, a congenital anomaly present in approximately 0.01% of the population, results in complete mirror - image reversal of all the thoracic and abdominal organs . The laparoscopic literature has several reports of successful bariatric procedures in patients with situs inversus despite the extremely l... |
All 53 scz families were recruited from the afrikaner population in south africa and heritage was established by surname and by having 4 afrikaans - speaking grandparents . Family history was obtained from the proband, each participating parent, and additional relatives as needed, by two independent raters, a nursing s... |
Animal models with a human hematopoietic and immune system are now important tools for studying the human immune system as well as human - specific infections, such as hiv-1 [1, 2]. Recent approaches have involved the use of genetically immunodeficient mice that have been reconstituted using human - derived hematopoiet... |
Cardioembolic stroke (ces), which causes 20% of all ischemic strokes each year, leads to severe neurological deficits . Ces is associated with high mortality and is a common cause of its atrial fibrillation (af), which has an increasing incidence with age [35]. Proposed that af is an important and treatable cause of re... |
Study participants were members of the cardiovascular health study (chs), a prospective cohort consisting of 5,888 men and women aged 65 years who were randomly selected from medicare - eligibility lists in four u.s . Communities (forsyth county, nc; washington county, md; sacramento county, ca; and pittsburgh, pa). A ... |
Diabetic retinopathy (dr) is a leading cause of blindness among working group in developed countries . It is estimated that the number of diabetes patients will achieve 366 million by 2030, the majority of which will be type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm). After initial diagnosis, over 80% of t2 dm patients dr is a protot... |
Infected dental plaque biofilm and the impaired host response remain the main causes of a wide range of gingival diseases . The ability of the patient to adhere to a proper oral care plan is also a critical factor that controls the tissue reaction and disease progression . The clinical manifestations of gingival inflam... |
The endoplasmic reticulum (er) fulfills multiple cellular functions . Once er functions are perturbed by various pathological conditions, unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the er lumen, resulting in er stress characterized by increasing er molecular chaperones and diminishing global protein synthesis . Activ... |
The tsc lines used in this study were b6ts4 and egfp - ts3.5, which were derived from a blastocyst of the c57bl/6 and icr mouse strain, respectively . Tscs were cultured as described previously . In brief, cells were cultured on mitomycin - c (sigma - aldrich, st . Louis, mo, usa)-treated primary mouse embryonic fibrob... |
Epilepsy surgery is an established treatment in selected patients with drug - resistant epilepsy resulting in seizure freedom or a significant reduction of seizure frequency in the majority of operated patients.13 a detailed clinical assessment is critical before a decision about surgery can be made in order to localis... |
Scoliosis, newly developed in a skeletally mature patient, is termed degenerative scoliosis or de novo scoliosis . Prevalence and incidence of degenerative scoliosis increase with age . An overall increase is seen due to the demographic shift towards an aging society [17, 33, 39]. Generally it is assumed that degenerat... |
Teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase4 (dpp4) inhibitor belonging to the relatively novel pharmacological class of antihyperglycaemic agents that are now recommended as second or firstline agents in specific situations 1, 2, 3 . In a phase ii clinical trial, a 4week course of teneligliptin (20 mg) monotherapy p... |
The binding of a drug - like molecule to a protein leads to displacement of water molecules from the protein s binding pocket, and the thermodynamics of this displacement process is thought to contribute significantly to the overall thermodynamics of protein protein hydrogen bonds may incur a large energetic penalty, w... |
Yeast cultures were grown in nutrient - rich ypd media (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% dextrose) at 30 on a rotary shaker unless otherwise noted . For induction of autophagy, cells were grown to mid - log phase (a600 = 0.7) in ypd, collected by centrifugation (3000 rpm 5 min), washed with water, then resuspended ... |
Neglected bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is a very rare condition, often related to seizures or major trauma . Open reduction is recommended whenever hill - sachs lesion is> 25% of the joint and the dislocation is elder than 3 weeks . We describe a case report of a 28-year - old man left handed jehovah s witne... |
Atrophic gastritis (ag) is a histopathologic entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal - type epithelium, pyloric - type glands, and fibrous tissue . Atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of chronic processes, such as ch... |
Reduction of health inequalities, including those between social groups and geographical areas, has been a major health policy goal in the united states (us) for the past 4 decades. [1 - 5] cardiovascular diseases (cvd), including heart disease and stroke, have been the number one cause of death in the united states fo... |
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes account for more than 95% of all diabetes cases worldwide . Although clinical characteristics show clear differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, recent developments indicate that the pathogenesis of the two forms of the disease share a number of fundamental features . Comparative anal... |
The human cornea is the main refractive surface focusing light into the eye, so its transparency is critical for vision . Globally, approximately 4.9 million individuals have bilateral cornea blindness, while 23 million are unilaterally cornea blind.1 donor tissue transplantation is the only widely accepted treatment b... |
Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (ttrfap) is an autosomaldominant, adultonset disorder associated with over 100 different mutations in the transthyretin (ttr) gene that cause transthyretin protein to deposit as amyloid in peripheral and autonomic nerves, heart, gastrointestinal (gi) tract, kidneys, eyes, a... |
Once a single word is presented, its orthographically similar words are also partially activated . Coltheart first introduced the concept of orthographic neighborhood of a target word, defined as all words of the same length that can be generated by changing just one letter while preserving letter positions . For examp... |
A cataract increases lens opacity and reduces visual acuity (va), thus impairing the patient's quality of life . Various techniques for cataract surgery have been developed since h. ridley introduced intraocular lenses (iols) composed of polymethylmethacrylate in 1949 . The stability of iols allows cataract surgery to ... |
The cavity is enlarged and smoothened to fittingly receive the filling . As tooth and canal anatomies are equally important during canal preparation, the appropriate use of the endodontic instruments and the close contact with canal walls for pulp extirpation and cleaning purposes is likewise crucial to the treatment .... |
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