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Trion (neural networks)
trion is a basic unit of the neural network model of cortical organization called trion model. this unit represents a highly structured and interconnected aggregate of about a hundred of neurons with the overall diameter of about 0. 7 mm. each trion has three levels of firing activity, and thus... | Trion (neural networks) | wikipedia | 0 |
Zero-point energy
u = h u, u † ( t ) = u − 1 ( t ), u ( 0 ) = 1. { \ displaystyle i \ hbar { \ dot { u } } = hu \,, \ quad u ^ { \ dagger } ( t ) = u ^ { - 1 } ( t ) \,, \ quad u ( 0 ) = 1 \,. } alternatively, we can argue that these operators must commute if we are to obtain the correct equations of motion from the h... | Zero-point energy | wikipedia | 1 |
Quantum chaos
2nd rev. and enlarged ed. ). berlin heidelberg paris [ etc. ] : springer. isbn 978 - 3 - 540 - 67723 - 9. berggren, karl - fredrik ; °aberg, sven, eds. ( 2001 ). quantum chaos y2k : proceedings of nobel symposium 116, backaskog castle, sweden, june 13 - 17, 2000. stockholm, sweden : physica scripta, the ... | Quantum chaos | wikipedia | 2 |
New Engineering Contract
physical conditions which are within the site, are not weather conditions and which an experienced contractor would have judged at the contract date to have such a small chance of occurring that it would have been unreasonable for her / him to have allowed for them. ice conditions of contract ... | New Engineering Contract | wikipedia | 3 |
Finite von Neumann algebra
products of hilbert spaces and the algebras acting on them. von neumann, j. ( 1940 ), " on rings of operators iii ", annals of mathematics, second series, 41 ( 1 ) : 94 – 161, doi : 10. 2307 / 1968823, jstor 1968823. this shows the existence of factors of type iii. von neumann, j. ( 1943 ), ... | Finite von Neumann algebra | wikipedia | 4 |
Structural chemistry
it has become possible to analyze large datasets with greater accuracy and efficiency. however, method also has its own limitations, such as the lack of training data, imbalanced data, and overfitting. = = future directions = = combining various experimental and computational techniques can provid... | Structural chemistry | wikipedia | 5 |
Karyorelict nuclear code
k ), methionine ( met, m ), phenylalanine ( phe, f ), proline ( pro, p ), serine ( ser, s ), threonine ( thr, t ), tryptophan ( trp, w ), tyrosine ( tyr, y ), and valine ( val, v ). = = differences from the standard code = = = = see also = = list of all genetic codes : translation tables 1 to ... | Karyorelict nuclear code | wikipedia | 6 |
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
′ ∗ = n a n ⟨ n ′ | h | n ⟩ = ⟨ n ′ | h | ψ ⟩ { \ displaystyle { \ frac { \ partial \ langle h \ rangle } { \ partial a _ { n'} ^ { * } } } = \ sum _ { n } a _ { n } \ langle n'| h | n \ rangle = \ langle n'| h | \ psi \ rangle } by applying the schrodinger equation and using the orthon... | Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) | wikipedia | 7 |
Quantum process
computing : progress and prospects. washington, dc : the national academies press. doi : 10. 17226 / 25196. isbn 978 - 0 - 309 - 47970 - 7. oclc 1091904777. s2cid 125635007. mermin, n. david ( 2007 ). quantum computer science : an introduction. doi : 10. 1017 / cbo9780511813870. isbn 978 - 0 - 511 - 34... | Quantum process | wikipedia | 8 |
DNA sequencing theory
of sequencing theory has proceeded more according to the philosophy of applied mathematics. in particular, it has been problem - focused and makes expedient use of approximations, simulations, etc. = = = early uses derived from elementary probability theory = = = the earliest result may be found ... | DNA sequencing theory | wikipedia | 9 |
Jónsson–Tarski algebra
in mathematics, a jonsson – tarski algebra or cantor algebra is an algebraic structure encoding a bijection from an infinite set x onto the product x×x. they were introduced by bjarni jonsson and alfred tarski ( 1961, theorem 5 ). smirnov ( 1971 ), named them after georg cantor because of cantor... | Jónsson–Tarski algebra | wikipedia | 10 |
Iron stress repressed RNA
iron stress repressed rna ( isrr ) is a cis - encoded antisense rna which regulates the expression of the photosynthetic protein isia. isia expression is activated by the ferric uptake regulator protein ( fur ) under iron stress conditions. isia enhances photosynthesis by forming a ring aroun... | Iron stress repressed RNA | wikipedia | 11 |
Scheil equation
growth ". journal of crystal growth. 630 : 127605. bibcode : 2024jcrgr. 63027605a. doi : 10. 1016 / j. jcrysgro. 2024. 127605. s2cid 267414096. https : / / doi. org / 10. 1016 / j. jcrysgro. 2024. 127605 = = external links = = " scheil solidification simulation of 332. 1 foundry aluminium alloy, thermo... | Scheil equation | wikipedia | 12 |
Hamiltonian mechanics
f _ { 1 } \ cdot f _ { 2 }, g \ } = f _ { 1 } \ { f _ { 2 }, g \ } + f _ { 2 } \ { f _ { 1 }, g \ } } jacobi identity : { { h, f }, g } + { { f, g }, h } + { { g, h }, f } ≡ 0 { \ displaystyle \ { \ { h, f \ }, g \ } + \ { \ { f, g \ }, h \ } + \ { \ { g, h \ }, f \ } \ equiv 0 } non - degeneracy... | Hamiltonian mechanics | wikipedia | 13 |
Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry
, zhenzhen dong ( adesis ), nicole camasso ( jacs ). = = = 2020 meeting and speakers = = = the second annual empowering women in organic chemistry conference was held virtually on thursday, august 13, 2020, and friday, august 14, 2020. 2020 career panel featured shanina sanders jo... | Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry | wikipedia | 14 |
Routhian mechanics
dq + { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial \ zeta } } d \ zeta + pd { \ dot { q } } + { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial { \ dot { \ zeta } } } } d { \ dot { \ zeta } } + { \ frac { \ partial l } { \ partial t } } dt } and to replace pd ( dq / dt ) by ( dq / dt ) dp, recall the product rule for dif... | Routhian mechanics | wikipedia | 15 |
Generalized signal averaging
within signal processing, in many cases only one image with noise is available, and averaging is then realized in a local neighborhood. results are acceptable if the noise is smaller in size than the smallest objects of interest in the image, but blurring of edges is a serious disadvantage... | Generalized signal averaging | wikipedia | 16 |
Data generating process
in statistics and in empirical sciences, a data generating process is a process in the real world that " generates " the data one is interested in. this process encompasses the underlying mechanisms, factors, and randomness that contribute to the production of observed data. usually, scholars d... | Data generating process | wikipedia | 17 |
Quantum superposition
weights of a and b in the superposition process. it will never be different from both a and b [ i. e., either a or b ]. the intermediate character of the state formed by superposition thus expresses itself through the probability of a particular result for an observation being intermediate betwee... | Quantum superposition | wikipedia | 18 |
Posterior probability
x ) { \ displaystyle f _ { x \ mid y = y } ( x ) } is the posterior density of x { \ displaystyle x } given the data y = y { \ displaystyle y = y }. = = credible interval = = posterior probability is a conditional probability conditioned on randomly observed data. hence it is a random variable. f... | Posterior probability | wikipedia | 19 |
Invertebrate mitochondrial code
##ine ( lys, k ), methionine ( met, m ), phenylalanine ( phe, f ), proline ( pro, p ), serine ( ser, s ), threonine ( thr, t ), tryptophan ( trp, w ), tyrosine ( tyr, y ), valine ( val, v ). = = differences from the standard code = = note : the codon agg is absent in drosophila. = = = a... | Invertebrate mitochondrial code | wikipedia | 20 |
Neural scaling law
translation ( specifically, english as source, and german as target ) in encoder - decoder transformer models, trained until convergence on the same datasets ( thus they did not fit scaling laws for computing cost c { \ displaystyle c } or dataset size d { \ displaystyle d } ). they varied n ∈ [ 10 ... | Neural scaling law | wikipedia | 21 |
Cost-sensitive machine learning
of the target predictive function f t ( ⋅ ) { \ displaystyle f _ { t } ( \ cdot ) } in d t { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { d } } _ { t } } using the knowledge in d s { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { d } } _ { s } } and t s { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { t } } _ { s } }. = = applications = ... | Cost-sensitive machine learning | wikipedia | 22 |
Cell fusion
in the same cell. = = = amoebozoa = = = cell fusion ( plasmogamy or syngamy ) is a stage in the amoebozoa sexual cycle. = = = bacteria = = = in escherichia coli spontaneous zygogenesis ( z - mating ) involves cell fusion, and appears to be a form of true sexuality in prokaryotes. bacteria that perform z - ... | Cell fusion | wikipedia | 23 |
Partial differential equation
are functions that satisfy the pde, yet in other meanings than regular sense. the meaning for this term may differ with context, and one of the most commonly used definitions is based on the notion of distributions. an example for the definition of a weak solution is as follows : consider... | Partial differential equation | wikipedia | 24 |
Moderation (statistics)
##egorical variables such as ethnic groups and experimental treatments as independent variables in moderated regression, one needs to code the variables so that each code variable represents a specific setting of the categorical variable. there are three basic ways of coding : dummy - variable ... | Moderation (statistics) | wikipedia | 25 |
SM3 (hash function)
shangmi 3 ( sm3 ) is a cryptographic hash function, standardised for use in commercial cryptography in china. it was published by the national cryptography administration ( chinese : 国 家 ) on 2010 - 12 - 17 as " gm / t 0004 - 2012 : sm3 cryptographic hash algorithm ". sm3 is used for implementing d... | SM3 (hash function) | wikipedia | 26 |
Bron–Kerbosch algorithm
variations by alessio conte bron - kerbosch algorithm implementation visualized in javascript bron - kerbosch algorithm implementation in python bron - kerbosch algorithm with vertex ordering implementation in python bron - kerbosch algorithm implementation in c + + bron - kerbosch algorithm im... | Bron–Kerbosch algorithm | wikipedia | 27 |
Lasso (statistics)
et al. proposed to measure the effective degrees of freedom by counting the number of parameters that deviate from zero. the degrees of freedom approach was considered flawed by kaufman and rosset and janson et al., because a model's degrees of freedom might increase even when it is penalized harder... | Lasso (statistics) | wikipedia | 28 |
Biological neuron model
, html online version. spiking neuron models ( w. gerstner and w. kistler, cambridge university press, 2002 ) = = see also = = binding neuron bayesian approaches to brain function brain - computer interfaces free energy principle models of neural computation neural coding neural oscillation qua... | Biological neuron model | wikipedia | 29 |
Axiomatics of thermodynamics
##ar, hugh longbourne ( 1911 ). " thermodynamics ". encyclopædia britannica. vol. 26 ( 11th ed. ). pp. 808 – 814. thermodynamics data & property calculation websites thermodynamics educational websites biochemistry thermodynamics thermodynamics and statistical mechanics engineering thermod... | Axiomatics of thermodynamics | wikipedia | 30 |
Frame (linear algebra)
and densely defined operator - valued frames ". rocky mountain journal of mathematics. 51 ( 1 ). arxiv : 2004. 11729. doi : 10. 1216 / rmj. 2021. 51. 265. issn 0035 - 7596. young, robert m. ( 2001 ). an introduction to non - harmonic fourier series, revised edition, 93. academic press. isbn 978 ... | Frame (linear algebra) | wikipedia | 31 |
Deformation (engineering)
varepsilon _ { f } } then, the true stress can be expressed as below : σ t = f a f = f a i × a i a f = σ e × l f l i = σ e × l i + δ l l i = σ e ( 1 + ε e ) { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ sigma _ { t } = { \ frac { f } { a _ { f } } } & = { \ frac { f } { a _ { i } } } \ times { \ f... | Deformation (engineering) | wikipedia | 32 |
Radial basis function kernel
cos ( a − b ) = cos ( a ) cos ( b ) + sin ( a ) sin ( b ) { \ displaystyle \ cos ( a - b ) = \ cos ( a ) \ cos ( b ) + \ sin ( a ) \ sin ( b ) }, the spherical symmetry of gaussian distribution, then evaluate the integral − ∞ ∞ cos ( k x ) e − x 2 / 2 2 π d x = e − k 2 / 2. { \ displaystyl... | Radial basis function kernel | wikipedia | 33 |
Quantum stirring, ratchets, and pumping
##iker - pretre - thomas ( bpt ) formula which relates the geometric conductance to the s { \ displaystyle s } matrix of the pump. in the low temperature limit it yields g 3 j = 1 2 π i t r a c e ( p a ∂ s ∂ x j s † ) { \ displaystyle g ^ { 3j } = { \ frac { 1 } { 2 \ pi i } } \... | Quantum stirring, ratchets, and pumping | wikipedia | 34 |
Calculus on Euclidean space
= 0 } ( the cauchy – riemann equations ). also, we have : d f = ∂ f ∂ z d z + ∂ f ∂ z d z. { \ displaystyle df = { \ frac { \ partial f } { \ partial z } } dz + { \ frac { \ partial f } { \ partial { \ bar { z } } } } d { \ bar { z } }. } let d = { z ∈ c < | z − z 0 | < r } { \ displaystyle... | Calculus on Euclidean space | wikipedia | 35 |
Diamond anvil cell
pressure system and one for the low - pressure system. these disks act as a pressure relief system that protects the system from over - pressurization pressure transducers : a pressure sensor for the low - and high - pressure systems. produces a 0 – 5 v output over their pressure range. pressure met... | Diamond anvil cell | wikipedia | 36 |
Deformation (engineering)
{ \ displaystyle \ lambda = l / l _ { 0 } } as determinant, the true stress and strain can be expressed with engineering stress and strain as below : σ t = σ e × λ, ε t = ln λ. { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { t } = \ sigma _ { e } \ times \ lambda, \ qquad \ varepsilon _ { t } = \ ln \ lambda. }... | Deformation (engineering) | wikipedia | 37 |
BCH code
of degree at most ( d + k − 3 ) / 2 { \ displaystyle \ lfloor ( d + k - 3 ) / 2 \ rfloor } and polynomials a ( x ), b ( x ) { \ displaystyle a ( x ), b ( x ) } such that r ( x ) = a ( x ) s ( x ) γ ( x ) + b ( x ) x d − 1. { \ displaystyle r ( x ) = a ( x ) s ( x ) \ gamma ( x ) + b ( x ) x ^ { d - 1 }. } low... | BCH code | wikipedia | 38 |
Constructible function
functions f but not necessarily true for artificially constructed f. to formulate them precisely, it is necessary to have a precise definition for a natural function f for which the theorem is true. time - constructible functions are often used to provide such a definition. space - constructible... | Constructible function | wikipedia | 39 |
Equatorial Rossby wave
especially in the quasi - geostrophic framework ). therefore, the physical mechanism responsible for the propagation of these equatorial rossby waves is none other than the conservation of potential vorticity : ∂ ∂ t β y + ζ h = 0. { \ displaystyle { \ frac { \ partial } { \ partial t } } { \ fr... | Equatorial Rossby wave | wikipedia | 40 |
Quadratic-linear algebra
v in the chosen basis. under a change of basis, the column x is multiplied on the left by an n × n invertible matrix s, and the symmetric square matrix a is transformed into another symmetric square matrix b of the same size according to the formula a → b = s t a s. { \ displaystyle a \ to b =... | Quadratic-linear algebra | wikipedia | 41 |
Thermodynamics
##ar, hugh longbourne ( 1911 ). " thermodynamics ". encyclopædia britannica. vol. 26 ( 11th ed. ). pp. 808 – 814. thermodynamics data & property calculation websites thermodynamics educational websites biochemistry thermodynamics thermodynamics and statistical mechanics engineering thermodynamics – a gr... | Thermodynamics | wikipedia | 42 |
Fairness (machine learning)
a ) = p ( r = + | y = y, a = b ) y ∈ { +, − } a, b ∈ a { \ displaystyle p ( r = + \ | \ y = y, a = a ) = p ( r = + \ | \ y = y, a = b ) \ quad y \ in \ { +, - \ } \ quad \ forall a, b \ in a } conditional use accuracy equality. a classifier satisfies this definition if the subjects in the p... | Fairness (machine learning) | wikipedia | 43 |
Fenton's reaction
active infections, whereas other reasons include iron - mediated infections. = = applications = = fenton's reagent is used as a sewage treatment agent. fenton's reagent can be used in different chemical processes that supply hydroxyl ion or oxidize certain compounds : the first stage of fenton's reac... | Fenton's reaction | wikipedia | 44 |
Green's function
varphi ( \ mathbf { x }') \ right ] \ cdot d { \ hat { \ boldsymbol { \ sigma } } } '. } using this expression, it is possible to solve laplace's equation ∇2φ ( x ) = 0 or poisson's equation ∇2φ ( x ) = −ρ ( x ), subject to either neumann or dirichlet boundary conditions. in other words, we can solve ... | Green's function | wikipedia | 45 |
Globular protein
two mechanisms for protein folding, either the diffusion - collision model or nucleation condensation model, although recent findings have shown globular proteins, such as ptp - bl pdz2, that fold with characteristic features of both models. these new findings have shown that the transition states of ... | Globular protein | wikipedia | 46 |
Algae DNA barcoding
##hytes are ssu rdna, lsu rdna, rdna its ( leliaert et al. 2014 ). = = macroalgae = = macroalgae — a morphological rather than taxonomic grouping — can be very challenging to identify because of their simple morphology, phenotypic plasticity and alternate lifecycle stages. thus, algal systematics a... | Algae DNA barcoding | wikipedia | 47 |
Vertebrate mitochondrial code
the vertebrate mitochondrial code ( translation table 2 ) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. = = evolution = = aga and agg were thought to have become mitochondrial stop codons early in vertebrate evolution. however, at least in humans it has now been shown t... | Vertebrate mitochondrial code | wikipedia | 48 |
Bibliography of encyclopedias: biology
##132. wye, kenneth f. the encyclopedia of shells. facts on file, 1991. murray, michael t. = = footnotes = = = = references = = guide to reference. [ 30 ] american library association. retrieved 5 december 2014. ( subscription required ). kister, kenneth f. ( 1994 ). kister's bes... | Bibliography of encyclopedias: biology | wikipedia | 49 |
Schoof's algorithm
pmod { l } } }, for a given prime l = 2, p { \ displaystyle l \ neq 2, p }. if a point ( x, y ) { \ displaystyle ( x, y ) } is in the l { \ displaystyle l } - torsion subgroup e [ l ] = { p ∈ e ( f q ) l p = o } { \ displaystyle e [ l ] = \ { p \ in e ( { \ bar { \ mathbb { f } _ { q } } } ) \ mid l... | Schoof's algorithm | wikipedia | 50 |
Mechanical singularity
##ities = = = this kind of singularities occurs when for a particular configuration, both a { \ displaystyle { \ textbf { a } } } and b { \ displaystyle { \ textbf { b } } } become singular simultaneously. = = references = = | Mechanical singularity | wikipedia | 51 |
Quantum speed limit
displaystyle \ rho _ { t } = | \ psi _ { t } \ rangle \ langle \ psi _ { t } |. } the quantum angle ( fubini – study distance ) is then d b ( ρ 0, ρ t ) = arccos | ⟨ ψ 0 | ψ t ⟩ | { \ displaystyle d _ { b } ( \ rho _ { 0 }, \ rho _ { t } ) = \ arccos | \ langle \ psi _ { 0 } | \ psi _ { t } \ rangl... | Quantum speed limit | wikipedia | 52 |
Compound lever
the compound lever is attributed to the birmingham inventor john wyatt in 1743, when he designed a weighing machine that used four compound levers to transfer a load from a weighing platform to a central lever from which the weight could be measured. = = references = = | Compound lever | wikipedia | 53 |
Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus
_ { - } ) } } \ left ( 2e _ { + } ^ { 2 } + 2e _ { - } ^ { 2 } - c ^ { 2 } \ mathbf { q } ^ { 2 } \ right ) \ right ]. \ \ \ end { aligned } } } with d ω + = sin θ + d θ +, d ω − = sin θ − d θ −. { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } d \ omega _ { + } & = \ sin \ th... | Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus | wikipedia | 54 |
Data-driven model
driven models have become an essential topic of discussion and exploration within water resources management and research. the term " data - driven modelling " ( ddm ) refers to the overarching paradigm of using historical data in conjunction with advanced computational techniques, including machine ... | Data-driven model | wikipedia | 55 |
Koenigs function
). under this conformal identification, the mapping f becomes multiplication by λ, a dilation on u. = = = proof = = = uniqueness. if k is another solution then, by analyticity, it suffices to show that k = h near 0. let h = k ∘ h − 1 ( z ) { \ displaystyle h = k \ circ h ^ { - 1 } ( z ) } near 0. thus... | Koenigs function | wikipedia | 56 |
Almost periodic function
( 2001 ) [ 1994 ], " almost - periodic function ", encyclopedia of mathematics, ems press bredikhina, e. a. ( 2001 ) [ 1994 ], " besicovitch almost - periodic functions ", encyclopedia of mathematics, ems press bredikhina, e. a. ( 2001 ) [ 1994 ], " bohr almost - periodic functions ", encyclop... | Almost periodic function | wikipedia | 57 |
Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus
2 } - 4p _ { + } ^ { 2 } p _ { - } ^ { 2 } \ sin ^ { 2 } \ theta _ { + } ) } } \ end { aligned } } } and a = z 2 α f i n e 3 c 2 ( 2 π ) 2 | p + | | p − | ω 3, δ 1 ( p ) : = − | p + | 2 − | p − | 2 − ( c ω ) + 2 c ω | p + | cos θ +, δ 2 ( p ) : = 2 c ω | p i | − 2 | ... | Quantum mechanical scattering of photon and nucleus | wikipedia | 58 |
Homomorphic signatures for network coding
y _ { 2 }'\ \ \ vdots \ \ y _ { k }'\ end { bmatrix } } = g _ { t } { \ begin { bmatrix } w _ { 1 } \ \ w _ { 2 } \ \ \ vdots \ \ w _ { k } \ end { bmatrix } } } where the y i ′ { \ displaystyle y _ { i }'} are the vectors formed by removing the first k { \ displaystyle k } co... | Homomorphic signatures for network coding | wikipedia | 59 |
Network operating system
: = = = proprietary network operating systems = = = cisco ios, a family of network operating systems used on cisco systems routers and network switches. ( earlier switches ran the catalyst operating system, or catos ) routeros by mikrotik zynos, used in network devices made by zyxel = = = free... | Network operating system | wikipedia | 60 |
Quadratic-linear algebra
transformation : geometrically, there is only one positive definite real quadratic form of every dimension. its isometry group is a compact orthogonal group o ( n ). this stands in contrast with the case of isotropic forms, when the corresponding group, the indefinite orthogonal group o ( p, q... | Quadratic-linear algebra | wikipedia | 61 |
Software bus
a software bus is a software architecture model where a shared communication channel facilitates connections and communication between software modules. this makes software buses conceptually similar to the bus term used in computer hardware for interconnecting pathways. in the early microcomputer era of ... | Software bus | wikipedia | 62 |
Protein structure
based drug design, both in developing the computational methods used and in providing a large experimental dataset used by some methods to provide insights about the function of a protein. = = structural classifications of proteins = = protein structures can be grouped based on their structural simil... | Protein structure | wikipedia | 63 |
Contrast (statistics)
##ing the treatment sum of squares into non - overlapping additive components that represent the variation due to each contrast. consider the numbers above : each of the rows sums up to zero ( hence they are contrasts ). if we multiply each element of the first row by the corresponding element of... | Contrast (statistics) | wikipedia | 64 |
Exterior calculus identities
\ wedge \ alpha _ { 2 } \ wedge \ cdots \ wedge \ alpha _ { k } ) ^ { \ sharp } = \ alpha _ { 1 } ^ { \ sharp } \ wedge \ alpha _ { 2 } ^ { \ sharp } \ wedge \ cdots \ wedge \ alpha _ { k } ^ { \ sharp }. } = = = hodge star = = = for an n - manifold m, the hodge star operator : ω k ( m ) →... | Exterior calculus identities | wikipedia | 65 |
Applied element method
individual pairs of springs around each element. consequently, the developed stiffness matrix has total effects from all pairs of springs, according to the stress situation around the element. this technique can be used in both load and displacement control cases. the 3d stiffness matrix may be ... | Applied element method | wikipedia | 66 |
Dependency network (graphical model)
predictions, once an algorithm for this task only needs estimation of p ( x i = 1 | x − x i = 0 ) { \ displaystyle p ( x _ { i } = 1 | \ mathbf { x } - { x _ { i } } = 0 ) } to produce recommendations. in particular, these estimates may be obtained by a direct lookup in a dependenc... | Dependency network (graphical model) | wikipedia | 67 |
Hartree equation
3 )... ψ π ( x p ) { \ displaystyle \ psi ( \ mathbf { x } _ { 1 }, \ mathbf { x } _ { 2 }, \ mathbf { x } _ { 3 },..., \ mathbf { x } _ { p } ) = \ psi _ { \ alpha } ( \ mathbf { x } _ { 1 } ) \ psi _ { \ beta } ( \ mathbf { x } _ { 2 } ) \ psi _ { \ gamma } ( \ mathbf { x } _ { 3 } )... \ psi _ { \ ... | Hartree equation | wikipedia | 68 |
Learning augmented algorithm
log ( n ) ) } steps, so the algorithm is robust. = = = more examples = = = learning augmented algorithms are known for : the ski rental problem the maximum weight matching problem the weighted paging problem = = see also = = machine learning = = references = = = = external links = = an ove... | Learning augmented algorithm | wikipedia | 69 |
Resource allocation (computer)
resource allocation is the process by which a computing system aims to meet the hardware requirements of an application run by it. computing, networking and energy resources must be optimised taking into account hardware, performance and environmental restrictions. this process may be un... | Resource allocation (computer) | wikipedia | 70 |
Sorting algorithm
= = further reading = = knuth, donald e. ( 1998 ), sorting and searching, the art of computer programming, vol. 3 ( 2nd ed. ), boston : addison - wesley, isbn 0 - 201 - 89685 - 0 sedgewick, robert ( 1980 ), " efficient sorting by computer : an introduction ", computational probability, new york : aca... | Sorting algorithm | wikipedia | 71 |
Gene
= = = = citations = = = = = = sources = = = = = further reading = = pare, anthony. " genre and identity ". the rhetoric and ideology of genre : strategies for stability and change. eds. richard m. coe, lorelei lingard, and tatiana teslenko. creskill, n. j. : hampton press, 2002. isbn 978 - 1572733848. sullivan, c... | Gene | wikipedia | 72 |
Signal conditioning
a transformer ). optical isolation works by using an electronic signal to modulate a signal encoded by light transmission ( optical encoding ). the decoded light transmission is then used for input for the next stage of processing. = = = surge protection = = = a surge protector absorbs voltage spik... | Signal conditioning | wikipedia | 73 |
Quantum speed limit
{ \ text { avg } } } } \ right ) } levitin and toffoli also provide a bound for the average energy in terms of the maximum. for any pure state | ψ ⟩, { \ displaystyle \ left | \ psi \ right \ rangle, } the average energy is bounded as e max 4 ≤ e avg ≤ e max 2 { \ displaystyle { \ frac { e _ { \ te... | Quantum speed limit | wikipedia | 74 |
Buffered probability of exceedance
frac { e [ x - \ gamma ] ^ { + } } { x - \ gamma } } } where [ ⋅ ] + = max { ⋅, 0 } { \ displaystyle [ \ cdot ] ^ { + } = \ max \ { \ cdot, 0 \ } }. bpoe can be expressed as the inverse function of cvar : p x ( x ) = { 1 − α | q α ( x ) = x } { \ displaystyle { \ bar { p } } _ { x } ... | Buffered probability of exceedance | wikipedia | 75 |
Software entrepreneurship
they can become passive partner, shareholder or investor ( isafe notes is an instrument to invest without becoming partner / shareholder ) and infuse capital. these people invest to make money ( the dirty but sole objective of business ) = = bank financing = = this is practically an impossibl... | Software entrepreneurship | wikipedia | 76 |
Orthogonal signal correction
orthogonal signal correction ( osc ) is a spectral preprocessing technique that removes variation from a data matrix x that is orthogonal to the response matrix y. osc was introduced by researchers at the university of umea in 1998 and has since found applications in domains including meta... | Orthogonal signal correction | wikipedia | 77 |
Copula (statistics)
_ { 1 }, x _ { 2 }, \ dots, x _ { d } ) } can be expressed in terms of its marginals f i ( x i ) = pr [ x i ≤ x i ] { \ displaystyle f _ { i } ( x _ { i } ) = \ pr [ x _ { i } \ leq x _ { i } ] } and a copula c { \ displaystyle c }. indeed : h ( x 1, …, x d ) = c ( f 1 ( x 1 ), …, f d ( x d ) ). { ... | Copula (statistics) | wikipedia | 78 |
Big Data Institute
the big data institute ( bdi ), part of the li ka shing centre for health information and discovery, is an interdisciplinary research institute at the university of oxford. the institute brings together researchers from both the nuffield department of population health and the nuffield department of... | Big Data Institute | wikipedia | 79 |
Contact mechanics
non - adhesive elastic contact = = the classical theory of contact focused primarily on non - adhesive contact where no tension force is allowed to occur within the contact area, i. e., contacting bodies can be separated without adhesion forces. several analytical and numerical approaches have been u... | Contact mechanics | wikipedia | 80 |
Protein nanoparticles
of pnps, there remain several critical challenges to their clinical translation. only two pnps have been fda - approved, despite over 50 pnp formulations to date ( 2022 ). the two fda - approved drugs include abraxane, an albumin nanoparticle carrying paclitaxel used for breast cancer, non - smal... | Protein nanoparticles | wikipedia | 81 |
Justesen code
therefore, we have the following result : corollary : the concatenated code c ∗ { \ displaystyle c ^ { * } } is an asymptotically good code ( that is, rate r { \ displaystyle r } > 0 and relative distance δ { \ displaystyle \ delta } > 0 for small q ) and has a strongly explicit construction. = = an exam... | Justesen code | wikipedia | 82 |
Dark-energy star
is analogous to " blobs of liquid condensing spontaneously out of a cooling gas ". this not only alters the understanding of black holes, but has the potential to explain the dark energy and dark matter that are indirectly observed. = = see also = = = = references = = = = sources = = chapline, george ... | Dark-energy star | wikipedia | 83 |
Garbage collection (computer science)
1 ed. ). wiley. isbn 978 - 0 - 47194148 - 4. ( 404 pages ) schorr, herbert ; waite, william m. ( august 1967 ). " an efficient machine - independent procedure for garbage collection in various list structures " ( pdf ). communications of the acm. 10 ( 8 ) : 501 – 506. doi : 10. 11... | Garbage collection (computer science) | wikipedia | 84 |
Positive-definite function
theorem extends to this context. positive - definite functions on groups occur naturally in the representation theory of groups on hilbert spaces ( i. e. the theory of unitary representations ). = = definition 2 = = alternatively, a function f : r n → r { \ displaystyle f : \ mathbb { r } ^ ... | Positive-definite function | wikipedia | 85 |
Distributed social network
protocol that has built its own networking stack is nostr, which has been designed to be simple for implementors to build as it has no dependencies on any existing standards. the protocol has gained some traction among newer snses, particularly within the cryptocurrency community. while many... | Distributed social network | wikipedia | 86 |
Pendulum (mechanics)
of a pendulum of length 1 m on earth ( g = 9. 80665 m / s2 ) at an initial angle of 10 degrees is 4 1 m g k ( sin 10 ∘ 2 ) ≈ 2. 0102 s. { \ displaystyle 4 { \ sqrt { \ frac { 1 { \ text { m } } } { g } } } \ k \ left ( \ sin { \ frac { 10 ^ { \ circ } } { 2 } } \ right ) \ approx 2. 0102 { \ text ... | Pendulum (mechanics) | wikipedia | 87 |
Analytic signal
3 = = = this is another example of using the hilbert transform method to remove negative frequency components. nothing prevents us from computing s a ( t ) { \ displaystyle s _ { \ mathrm { a } } ( t ) } for a complex - valued s ( t ) { \ displaystyle s ( t ) }. but it might not be a reversible represe... | Analytic signal | wikipedia | 88 |
Zero-point energy
specified precisely by any given quantum state. in particular, there cannot exist a state in which the system simply sits motionless at the bottom of its potential well, for then its position and momentum would both be completely determined to arbitrarily great precision. therefore, the lowest - ener... | Zero-point energy | wikipedia | 89 |
Fairness (machine learning)
) = p ( r = + | l = l, a = b ) a, b ∈ a l ∈ l { \ displaystyle p ( r = + \ | \ l = l, a = a ) = p ( r = + \ | \ l = l, a = b ) \ quad \ forall a, b \ in a \ quad \ forall l \ in l } = = = = definitions based on predicted and actual outcomes = = = = these definitions not only considers the p... | Fairness (machine learning) | wikipedia | 90 |
Stress wave tomography
., and lewis, c. e., 1999. acoustic tree and wooden member imaging apparatus. patent wo 99 / 44050 ( 1999. 02. 27 ) rinn, f. ( 1999 ) : vorrichtung zur materialuntersuchung. / device for investigation materials. international patent pct / de00 / 01467 ( 1999. 05. 11 ). rust s. ; gocke, l. ( 2000... | Stress wave tomography | wikipedia | 91 |
Environmental engineering science
/ 20081203005457 / http : / / coe. berkeley. edu / students / engann08. pdf >. = = external links = = engineering engineering and science program at stanford university [ 1 ] what people go on to do in engineering science at uc berkeley [ 2 ] curriculum at university of florida [ 3 ] ... | Environmental engineering science | wikipedia | 92 |
Yarowsky algorithm
contexts containing one of these defining words. a publicly available database wordnet can be used as an automatic source for such defining terms. in addition, words that occur near the target word in great frequency can be selected as seed collocations representative. this approach is not fully aut... | Yarowsky algorithm | wikipedia | 93 |
Cole–Vishkin algorithm
). this sensing information is sufficient to allow algorithms based on learning automata to find a proper graph coloring with probability one. = = = computational complexity = = = graph coloring is computationally hard. it is np - complete to decide if a given graph admits a k - coloring for a g... | Cole–Vishkin algorithm | wikipedia | 94 |
Routhian mechanics
phi } } { 2i _ { 1 } ^ { 2 } } } \,, \ quad k = { \ frac { mg \ ell } { i _ { 1 } } } \,, } a simpler form of the equation is obtained θ ¨ = cos θ sin 3 θ ( a cos 2 θ + b − c cos θ ) + 1 2 sin θ ( 2 a cos θ − c ) + k sin θ. { \ displaystyle { \ ddot { \ theta } } = { \ frac { \ cos \ theta } { \ sin... | Routhian mechanics | wikipedia | 95 |
Credence (statistics)
credence or degree of belief is a statistical term that expresses how much a person believes that a proposition is true. as an example, a reasonable person will believe with close to 50 % credence that a fair coin will land on heads the next time it is flipped ( minus the probability that the coi... | Credence (statistics) | wikipedia | 96 |
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm
difference between the number of messages received and the number of signals sent in reply. when a node wishes to terminate, it waits until it has received signals from outgoing edges reducing their deficits to zero. then it sends enough signals to ensure that the deficit is zero on each in... | Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm | wikipedia | 97 |
Magma (algebra)
y = y. more generally, because mag is algebraic, it is a complete category. an important property is that an injective endomorphism can be extended to an automorphism of a magma extension, just the colimit of the ( constant sequence of the ) endomorphism. = = see also = = universal algebra magma comput... | Magma (algebra) | wikipedia | 98 |
Delta robot
. several " linear delta " arrangements have been developed where the motors drive linear actuators rather than rotating an arm. such linear delta arrangements can have much larger working volumes than rotational delta arrangements. the majority of delta robots use rotary actuators. vertical linear actuato... | Delta robot | wikipedia | 99 |
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