schema_version: 1
id: naturalearth
name: Natural Earth
publisher: Natural Earth
description: Public-domain country and admin-1 boundaries, used as the shared basemap
  for every source in the data bank.
homepage: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/
tags:
- geometry
- boundaries
- basemap
- global
license: public-domain
license_file: LICENSE-public-domain.txt
license_url: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/
attribution: 'Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain)'
attribution_required: no
citation: Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com
redistribution: permitted
visibility: public
disclaimer_file: DISCLAIMER.md
disclaimer:
  redistributor: OptimalSolution LLC
  role: redistribution-only
  responsibility: none
  endorsement: none
  affiliation: none
  warranty: none
  governing_terms: The original publisher's licence and terms govern.
retrieval:
  method: r-package
  package: rnaturalearth
  package_version: 1.2.0
  data_version: 1.0.0
  hires_version: 1.0.0.9000
  fetched_at: '2026-09-17T21:35:18Z'
  build_tool: r-worker/build_basemaps.R
modifications: reformatted
changes:
- Converted sf geometry to GeoParquet 1.0.0 (WKB, zstd) and simplified GeoJSON.
- 'Aliased three adm0_a3 codes to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3: KOS->XKX, SDS->SSD, PSX->PSE.
  Without these, ISO3 joins lose Kosovo, South Sudan and Palestine.'
- Lifted the four French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Reunion)
  out of France's polygon as separate features and ERASED them from FRA. Natural Earth
  folds them into FRA (measured area 636,062 km2 against 551,695 for metropolitan
  France); publishers that report them separately would otherwise double-count. FRA
  is 548,374 km2 after the erase.
- 'Geometry is repaired only where GEOS reports it invalid, and never under s2: a
  blanket st_make_valid() with s2 enabled rewrites RUS, FJI and ATA into GEOS-invalid
  forms.'
layers:
  countries:
    resolutions:
    - 110m
    - 50m
    - 10m
    default: 50m
    key: iso3
    note: 110m covers only 175 of Ember's 209 countries -- it omits Singapore, Malta,
      Bahrain, Hong Kong, Macao and 30 small island states, which render as holes.
      50m and 10m cover all 209.
  admin1:
    resolutions:
    - 10m
    key: iso_3166_2
    units: 4596
    countries: 251
    note: ne_states() takes no scale argument; it is always the hires dataset. Unit
      counts are wildly uneven across countries (GBR 232, SVN 193, LVA 119), so this
      is admin-1 AS NATURAL EARTH DEFINES IT, not a uniform NUTS-like tier. Do not
      treat units as comparable.
coverage:
- layer: ne_countries_110m
  features: 181
  iso3: 181
  s2_invalid: 2
- layer: ne_countries_50m
  features: 246
  iso3: 246
  s2_invalid: 0
- layer: ne_countries_10m
  features: 262
  iso3: 262
  s2_invalid: 0
crs: OGC:CRS84
notes:
- 'GEOS validity is guaranteed for every shipped layer. s2 validity is NOT: raw Natural
  Earth 110m already reports SDN and RUS as s2-invalid while GEOS accepts them, and
  the two engines cannot be satisfied at once for antimeridian and pole geometry.
  The per-layer s2_invalid count above records the discrepancy.'