Datasets:
Formats:
json
Languages:
English
Size:
< 1K
Tags:
distributed-systems
debugging
root-cause-analysis
fault-localization
agents
software-engineering
License:
File size: 31,039 Bytes
0c1e569 f0cad1f 0c1e569 7bd081c 0c1e569 917782d 0c1e569 917782d 0c1e569 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 | {
"@context": {
"@language": "en",
"@vocab": "https://schema.org/",
"citeAs": "cr:citeAs",
"column": "cr:column",
"conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo",
"cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/",
"rai": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/",
"data": {
"@id": "cr:data",
"@type": "@json"
},
"dataType": {
"@id": "cr:dataType",
"@type": "@vocab"
},
"dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
"equivalentProperty": "cr:equivalentProperty",
"examples": {
"@id": "cr:examples",
"@type": "@json"
},
"extract": "cr:extract",
"field": "cr:field",
"fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty",
"fileObject": "cr:fileObject",
"fileSet": "cr:fileSet",
"format": "cr:format",
"includes": "cr:includes",
"isLiveDataset": "cr:isLiveDataset",
"jsonPath": "cr:jsonPath",
"key": "cr:key",
"md5": "cr:md5",
"parentField": "cr:parentField",
"path": "cr:path",
"recordSet": "cr:recordSet",
"references": "cr:references",
"regex": "cr:regex",
"repeated": "cr:repeated",
"replace": "cr:replace",
"samplingRate": "cr:samplingRate",
"sc": "https://schema.org/",
"separator": "cr:separator",
"source": "cr:source",
"subField": "cr:subField",
"transform": "cr:transform",
"wd": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/",
"prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"
},
"@type": "sc:Dataset",
"conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0",
"name": "DistDebug-Bench",
"description": "DistDebug-Bench is a benchmark for code-level root-cause diagnosis of real-world bugs in distributed systems. It contains 120 resolved bugs from 11 open-source systems. Each bug comes with the original issue report, any attached logs and screenshots, and expert-annotated root-cause code blocks in the pre-fix source snapshot. An agent reads the report, explores a checkout of the system, and names the responsible files, functions, and line ranges; diagnoses are scored by their overlap with the gold blocks. DistDebug-Bench Lite is a 34-bug subset marked by the `lite` column.",
"url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench",
"sameAs": [
"https://github.com/OrderLab/distdebug-bench",
"https://distdebug.com"
],
"license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html",
"version": "1.0.0",
"inLanguage": "en",
"isLiveDataset": false,
"keywords": [
"distributed systems",
"debugging",
"root-cause diagnosis",
"fault localization",
"LLM agents",
"software engineering",
"benchmark"
],
"creator": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Yuxuan Jiang",
"url": "https://essoz.github.io"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Chenglin Liu"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "John Rose"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Mason Miller"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ruthesh Thavamani"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Juntao Wu"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Yinwei Huang"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Jiahao Xu"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Peng Huang",
"url": "https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~ryanph"
}
],
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "OrderLab, University of Michigan"
},
"citeAs": "@inproceedings{jiang2026distdebugbench,\n title = {{DistDebug-Bench}: Can {LLM} Agents Diagnose Bugs in Distributed Systems?},\n author = {Jiang, Yuxuan and Liu, Chenglin and Rose, John and Miller, Mason and Thavamani, Ruthesh and Wu, Juntao and Huang, Yinwei and Xu, Jiahao and Huang, Peng},\n booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Track on Evaluations and Datasets},\n year = {2026}\n}",
"distribution": [
{
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
"@id": "instances-jsonl",
"name": "data/instances.jsonl",
"description": "One row per bug.",
"contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench/resolve/main/data/instances.jsonl",
"encodingFormat": "application/jsonlines",
"sha256": "ce618458ad4660a370e1d0744b1ad5327ff2f8421d882e47e58e2fa1b9d6ef9b"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl",
"name": "data/gold_blocks.jsonl",
"description": "One row per gold root-cause block.",
"contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench/resolve/main/data/gold_blocks.jsonl",
"encodingFormat": "application/jsonlines",
"sha256": "1b727209a9c6ec7f3abc5a2238787d10c0ddf60758d45f93d02e54d49bf7b639"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
"@id": "systems-jsonl",
"name": "data/systems.jsonl",
"description": "One row per source system.",
"contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench/resolve/main/data/systems.jsonl",
"encodingFormat": "application/jsonlines",
"sha256": "8408fecfdd7a8ce627e90443f29b605b3a3a048106ae29a272997d4733bde61d"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileObject",
"@id": "repo",
"name": "repo",
"description": "The Hugging Face git repository of this dataset.",
"contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench",
"encodingFormat": "git+https",
"sha256": "https://github.com/mlcommons/croissant/issues/80"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileSet",
"@id": "artifact-image-files",
"name": "artifact-image-files",
"description": "Screenshots attached to issue reports.",
"containedIn": {
"@id": "repo"
},
"encodingFormat": "image/png",
"includes": "artifacts/*/*.png"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileSet",
"@id": "artifact-log-files",
"name": "artifact-log-files",
"description": "Log files attached to issue reports.",
"containedIn": {
"@id": "repo"
},
"encodingFormat": "text/plain",
"includes": "artifacts/*/*.log"
}
],
"recordSet": [
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "systems",
"name": "systems",
"description": "The 11 distributed systems the bugs come from, with upstream licenses.",
"key": {
"@id": "systems/system"
},
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/system",
"name": "system",
"description": "System identifier used in `instance_id`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "system"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/name",
"name": "name",
"description": "Display name.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "name"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/repository_url",
"name": "repository_url",
"description": "Upstream source repository.",
"dataType": "sc:URL",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "repository_url"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/language",
"name": "language",
"description": "Primary implementation language.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "language"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/license",
"name": "license",
"description": "SPDX license expression of the upstream repository's current default branch. Historical snapshots may differ. The dataset references paths and line numbers in these repositories but does not redistribute their source code.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "license"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/issue_tracker",
"name": "issue_tracker",
"description": "Tracker the issue reports come from.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "issue_tracker"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "systems/description",
"name": "description",
"description": "Short description of the system.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "systems-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "description"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "instances",
"name": "instances",
"description": "The 120 benchmark bugs. An agent receives `title`, `description`, the attached artifacts, and a checkout of the system at `branch`, and must name the root-cause code blocks.",
"key": {
"@id": "instances/instance_id"
},
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/instance_id",
"name": "instance_id",
"description": "Unique bug identifier, `<system>-<issue number>`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "instance_id"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/system",
"name": "system",
"description": "Source system; references `systems`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "system"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/issue_number",
"name": "issue_number",
"description": "Issue number in the system's tracker.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "issue_number"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/lite",
"name": "lite",
"description": "Whether the bug is in DistDebug-Bench Lite (34 bugs).",
"dataType": "sc:Boolean",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "lite"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/title",
"name": "title",
"description": "Issue title. Agent input.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "title"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/description",
"name": "description",
"description": "Issue description as given to the agent. Prior root-cause analysis is removed where `analysis_removed` says so. Agent input.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "description"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/branch",
"name": "branch",
"description": "Branch, tag, or commit of the pre-fix source snapshot that gold-block line numbers refer to.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "branch"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/issue_url",
"name": "issue_url",
"description": "URL of the original issue report. Not shown to agents.",
"dataType": "sc:URL",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "issue_url"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/fix_url",
"name": "fix_url",
"description": "URL of the fixing pull request, commit, or patch, when recorded. Not shown to agents.",
"dataType": "sc:URL",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "fix_url"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/issue_created",
"name": "issue_created",
"description": "Creation date of the issue, when recorded.",
"dataType": "sc:Date",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "issue_created"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/severity",
"name": "severity",
"description": "Severity label (Blocker, Critical, Major).",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "severity"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/root_cause_type",
"name": "root_cause_type",
"description": "Coarse root-cause category (e.g., Logic, Concurrency, Error handling). Not an exhaustive taxonomy.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "root_cause_type"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/bug_complexity",
"name": "bug_complexity",
"description": "Annotator-assessed complexity.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "bug_complexity"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/distributed",
"name": "distributed",
"description": "Whether the failure involves interaction between distributed components.",
"dataType": "sc:Boolean",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "distributed"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/contains_analysis",
"name": "contains_analysis",
"description": "Whether the original report contained prior root-cause analysis.",
"dataType": "sc:Boolean",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "contains_analysis"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/analysis_removed",
"name": "analysis_removed",
"description": "Whether that analysis was removed from `description` (No, Partly Removed, N/A).",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "analysis_removed"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/contains_logs",
"name": "contains_logs",
"description": "Whether the report includes logs, inline or attached.",
"dataType": "sc:Boolean",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "contains_logs"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/contains_stack_traces",
"name": "contains_stack_traces",
"description": "Whether the report includes stack traces.",
"dataType": "sc:Boolean",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "contains_stack_traces"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "instances/num_artifacts",
"name": "num_artifacts",
"description": "Number of attached files in `artifact_images` and `artifact_logs`.",
"dataType": "sc:Integer",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "instances-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "num_artifacts"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "gold_blocks",
"name": "gold_blocks",
"description": "The 218 expert-annotated root-cause blocks used for scoring. Labels capture the annotated causal implementation in the pre-fix snapshot, not every location where the bug could be repaired.",
"key": [
{
"@id": "gold_blocks/instance_id"
},
{
"@id": "gold_blocks/block_index"
}
],
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/instance_id",
"name": "instance_id",
"description": "Bug identifier; references `instances`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "instance_id"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/block_index",
"name": "block_index",
"description": "Zero-based index of the block within the bug.",
"dataType": "sc:Integer",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "block_index"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/file",
"name": "file",
"description": "Repository-relative path of the file containing the block.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "file"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/function",
"name": "function",
"description": "Enclosing function or method.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "function"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/start_line",
"name": "start_line",
"description": "First line of the block (1-based) in the pre-fix snapshot.",
"dataType": "sc:Integer",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "start_line"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "gold_blocks/end_line",
"name": "end_line",
"description": "End of the block; the evaluator scores ranges as half-open [start_line, end_line).",
"dataType": "sc:Integer",
"source": {
"fileObject": {
"@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl"
},
"extract": {
"column": "end_line"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "artifact_images",
"name": "artifact_images",
"description": "The 17 screenshots attached to issue reports. Agent input.",
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_images/instance_id",
"name": "instance_id",
"description": "Bug the file is attached to; references `instances`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-image-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "fullpath"
},
"transform": {
"regex": "^.*artifacts/([^/]+)/[^/]+$"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_images/file_name",
"name": "file_name",
"description": "Original file name.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-image-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "filename"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_images/image",
"name": "image",
"description": "The screenshot.",
"dataType": "sc:ImageObject",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-image-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "content"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "artifact_logs",
"name": "artifact_logs",
"description": "The 4 log files attached to issue reports. Agent input.",
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_logs/instance_id",
"name": "instance_id",
"description": "Bug the file is attached to; references `instances`.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-log-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "fullpath"
},
"transform": {
"regex": "^.*artifacts/([^/]+)/[^/]+$"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_logs/file_name",
"name": "file_name",
"description": "Original file name.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-log-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "filename"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "artifact_logs/content",
"name": "content",
"description": "The log file's text.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "artifact-log-files"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "content"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"rai:dataLimitations": "DistDebug-Bench covers resolved bugs in public, open-source distributed systems, and evaluates code-level root-cause diagnosis only. It is not representative of all software bugs, closed-source or industrial debugging, UI bugs, security vulnerabilities, or performance tuning. Selection favors bugs that were publicly reported, fixed, and labelable: fixes over 100 changed source lines are excluded unless the causal span is clearly separable. Gold blocks encode the annotated causal implementation established through issue resolution; a valid diagnosis may name other locations where the bug could be mitigated, and such diagnoses score low. Some root-cause categories contain few bugs, so per-category results are noisy. The issues are public, so models may have seen them during pretraining. The benchmark should not be used to claim general software-engineering ability, or to evaluate patch generation without additional validation.",
"rai:dataBiases": "Systems with active public issue trackers and detailed engineering discussions are over-represented, and Java systems account for 70 of the 120 bugs. Reports are in English. Labels are human-curated and reflect annotator judgment about the minimal root-cause code. Reports with logs, stack traces, prior analysis, or clear fix links are easier to label and may be over-represented relative to real-world debugging workloads.",
"rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "No personal or sensitive attributes were intentionally collected. The data does not target gender, age, health, socioeconomic status, political or religious beliefs, culture, or geography. Because issue reports and logs are copied from public GitHub and Apache JIRA trackers, they may contain incidental public usernames, host names, IP addresses, timestamps, and file paths. The data is not intended for profiling or demographic inference.",
"rai:dataUseCases": "Validated use: evaluating LLM agents and other tools on code-level root-cause diagnosis of distributed-system failures, given an issue report, its attachments, and a checkout of the pre-fix source; and characterizing what evidence issue reports provide. Not validated for model training, patch-generation evaluation, production debugging, or security triage.",
"rai:dataSocialImpact": "Positive impact: more rigorous evaluation of debugging agents and better understanding of distributed-system failures, supporting software reliability research. Risks: overclaiming general debugging ability from a specialized benchmark, overfitting to public instances, training on the data without respecting upstream terms, and operational reliance on agents that may hallucinate root causes. Mitigations: versioned releases, provenance links for every bug, per-system license metadata, and documented scope and limitations.",
"rai:hasSyntheticData": false,
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": [
{
"@id": "source-github",
"prov:label": "GitHub issue trackers and source repositories (Elasticsearch, etcd, Kubernetes, Ray, TiKV)",
"sc:license": "Issue content is subject to GitHub's terms and the respective projects; source code licenses are listed in the `systems` record set.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": {
"@id": "https://github.com",
"prov:label": "GitHub"
}
},
{
"@id": "source-apache-jira",
"prov:label": "Apache JIRA issue reports and Apache source repositories (HBase, HDFS, Ignite, Ignite 3, Kafka, ZooKeeper)",
"sc:license": "Issue content is subject to Apache Software Foundation terms; source code is under Apache-2.0.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": {
"@id": "https://www.apache.org/",
"prov:label": "Apache Software Foundation"
}
}
],
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": [
{
"@type": "prov:Activity",
"prov:type": {
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239"
},
"prov:label": "Issue and fix collection",
"sc:description": "Collected resolved issue reports, their attachments, and linked fixing pull requests or commits from the upstream trackers of eleven distributed systems.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": [
{
"@type": "prov:Agent",
"@id": "distdebug-bench-authors",
"prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "prov:Activity",
"prov:type": {
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172378"
},
"prov:label": "Benchmark instance filtering",
"sc:description": "Kept closed, high-impact issues with an associated fix that describe a concrete failure and are diagnosable from issue-side context. Excluded large refactorings, test-only changes, and fixes over 100 changed source lines unless the causal span is clearly separable. Later discussion that reveals the root cause or patch strategy was removed or ignored.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": [
{
"@type": "prov:Agent",
"@id": "distdebug-bench-authors",
"prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "prov:Activity",
"prov:type": {
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109719325"
},
"prov:label": "Expert root-cause annotation",
"sc:description": "Each issue was independently annotated by three annotators, who inspected the report, the fixing change, and the affected code and marked the minimal pre-fix code blocks that embody the bug (file, function, line range), excluding tests, helper refactors, defensive hardening, and incidental cleanup. Labels were then reconciled into the final gold set; the paper's appendix reports inter-annotator agreement.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": [
{
"@type": "prov:Agent",
"@id": "distdebug-bench-authors",
"prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "prov:Activity",
"prov:type": {
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762"
},
"prov:label": "Validation",
"sc:description": "Annotators audited each accepted issue to confirm it is diagnosable without post-report discussion and that the report does not reveal the root cause. Labels and metadata were checked for consistency, including benchmark size, per-system coverage, block counts, and artifact availability.",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": [
{
"@type": "prov:Agent",
"@id": "distdebug-bench-authors",
"prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan"
}
]
}
],
"datePublished": "2026-11-01"
}
|