#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Visualize pixel-level differences between two videos."""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import csv
import json
import subprocess
from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np


def run_json(cmd: list[str]) -> dict:
    out = subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True)
    return json.loads(out)


def probe_video(path: Path) -> dict:
    data = run_json(
        [
            "ffprobe",
            "-v",
            "error",
            "-select_streams",
            "v:0",
            "-show_entries",
            "stream=width,height,avg_frame_rate,nb_frames,duration",
            "-of",
            "json",
            str(path),
        ]
    )
    stream = data["streams"][0]
    return {
        "width": int(stream["width"]),
        "height": int(stream["height"]),
        "avg_frame_rate": stream.get("avg_frame_rate", "0/1"),
        "nb_frames": int(stream["nb_frames"]) if stream.get("nb_frames", "N/A").isdigit() else None,
        "duration": float(stream.get("duration", 0.0)),
    }


def parse_rate(rate: str) -> float:
    num, den = rate.split("/")
    return float(num) / float(den)


def open_reader(path: Path, width: int, height: int, fps: float | None = None, align: bool = False) -> subprocess.Popen:
    cmd = [
        "ffmpeg",
        "-v",
        "error",
        "-i",
        str(path),
    ]
    if align:
        if fps is None:
            raise ValueError("fps is required when align=True")
        cmd += ["-vf", f"scale={width}:{height}:flags=bicubic,fps={fps:.6f}"]
    cmd += [
        "-f",
        "rawvideo",
        "-pix_fmt",
        "rgb24",
        "-",
    ]
    return subprocess.Popen(
        cmd,
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    )


def open_writer(path: Path, width: int, height: int, fps: float) -> subprocess.Popen:
    return subprocess.Popen(
        [
            "ffmpeg",
            "-y",
            "-v",
            "error",
            "-f",
            "rawvideo",
            "-pix_fmt",
            "rgb24",
            "-s",
            f"{width}x{height}",
            "-r",
            f"{fps:.6f}",
            "-i",
            "-",
            "-an",
            "-pix_fmt",
            "yuv420p",
            "-c:v",
            "mpeg4",
            "-q:v",
            "2",
            str(path),
        ],
        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
    )


def read_frame(proc: subprocess.Popen, frame_bytes: int) -> bytes | None:
    assert proc.stdout is not None
    data = proc.stdout.read(frame_bytes)
    if len(data) == 0:
        return None
    if len(data) != frame_bytes:
        raise RuntimeError(f"Short frame read: expected {frame_bytes} bytes, got {len(data)}")
    return data


def close_proc(proc: subprocess.Popen) -> None:
    try:
        proc.wait(timeout=5)
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        proc.kill()
        proc.wait()


def make_heatmap(diff_mag: np.ndarray, changed: np.ndarray, show_all_diffs: bool) -> np.ndarray:
    heat = np.zeros((*diff_mag.shape, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    visible_diff = diff_mag if show_all_diffs else np.where(changed, diff_mag, 0)
    heat[..., 0] = visible_diff
    heat[..., 1] = np.where(changed, np.clip(diff_mag // 3, 0, 255), 0).astype(np.uint8)
    return heat


def compare_videos(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
    original = args.original.resolve()
    edited = args.edited.resolve()
    output_dir = args.output_dir.resolve()
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    original_info = probe_video(original)
    edited_info = probe_video(edited)
    width = original_info["width"]
    height = original_info["height"]
    fps = parse_rate(original_info["avg_frame_rate"])
    mismatch = (width, height) != (edited_info["width"], edited_info["height"])
    fps_mismatch = original_info["avg_frame_rate"] != edited_info["avg_frame_rate"]
    if (mismatch or fps_mismatch) and not args.align_edited_to_original:
        raise ValueError(
            "Video geometry mismatch. For strict pixel-by-pixel comparison, compare a final composited video "
            "with the same resolution and fps as the original. To inspect a raw model output anyway, rerun with "
            f"--align-edited-to-original. original={original_info}, edited={edited_info}"
        )

    frame_bytes = width * height * 3
    max_frames = args.max_frames
    if max_frames is None:
        candidates = [original_info["nb_frames"]]
        if not args.align_edited_to_original:
            candidates.append(edited_info["nb_frames"])
        candidates = [v for v in candidates if v is not None]
        max_frames = min(candidates) if candidates else 10**12

    reader_a = open_reader(original, width, height)
    reader_b = open_reader(edited, width, height, fps=fps, align=args.align_edited_to_original)
    writers = {
        "changed_mask": open_writer(output_dir / "changed_mask.mp4", width, height, fps),
        "diff_heatmap": open_writer(output_dir / "diff_heatmap.mp4", width, height, fps),
        "diff_overlay": open_writer(output_dir / "diff_overlay.mp4", width, height, fps),
    }

    rows: list[dict[str, int | float]] = []
    total_changed = 0
    total_pixels = 0
    threshold = args.threshold

    try:
        for frame_index in range(max_frames):
            raw_a = read_frame(reader_a, frame_bytes)
            raw_b = read_frame(reader_b, frame_bytes)
            if raw_a is None or raw_b is None:
                break

            a = np.frombuffer(raw_a, dtype=np.uint8).reshape((height, width, 3))
            b = np.frombuffer(raw_b, dtype=np.uint8).reshape((height, width, 3))
            absdiff = np.abs(a.astype(np.int16) - b.astype(np.int16)).astype(np.uint8)
            diff_mag = absdiff.max(axis=2)
            changed = diff_mag > threshold
            changed_count = int(changed.sum())
            total_changed += changed_count
            total_pixels += width * height

            mask_rgb = np.repeat((changed.astype(np.uint8) * 255)[:, :, None], 3, axis=2)
            heat = make_heatmap(diff_mag, changed, args.heatmap_all_diffs)
            overlay = a.copy()
            overlay[changed] = (overlay[changed].astype(np.uint16) // 3 + np.array([170, 0, 0], dtype=np.uint16)).clip(0, 255).astype(np.uint8)

            assert writers["changed_mask"].stdin is not None
            assert writers["diff_heatmap"].stdin is not None
            assert writers["diff_overlay"].stdin is not None
            writers["changed_mask"].stdin.write(mask_rgb.tobytes())
            writers["diff_heatmap"].stdin.write(heat.tobytes())
            writers["diff_overlay"].stdin.write(overlay.tobytes())

            rows.append(
                {
                    "frame": frame_index,
                    "changed_pixels": changed_count,
                    "total_pixels": width * height,
                    "changed_ratio": changed_count / (width * height),
                    "mean_abs_diff": float(absdiff.mean()),
                    "max_abs_diff": int(absdiff.max()),
                }
            )
    finally:
        for writer in writers.values():
            if writer.stdin is not None:
                writer.stdin.close()
            close_proc(writer)
        close_proc(reader_a)
        close_proc(reader_b)

    with (output_dir / "per_frame_stats.csv").open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
        fieldnames = ["frame", "changed_pixels", "total_pixels", "changed_ratio", "mean_abs_diff", "max_abs_diff"]
        writer = csv.DictWriter(handle, fieldnames=fieldnames)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(rows)

    summary = {
        "original": str(original),
        "edited": str(edited),
        "original_info": original_info,
        "edited_info": edited_info,
        "threshold": threshold,
        "heatmap_all_diffs": args.heatmap_all_diffs,
        "align_edited_to_original": args.align_edited_to_original,
        "compared_frames": len(rows),
        "changed_pixels": total_changed,
        "total_pixels": total_pixels,
        "changed_ratio": total_changed / total_pixels if total_pixels else 0.0,
        "outputs": {
            "changed_mask": str(output_dir / "changed_mask.mp4"),
            "diff_heatmap": str(output_dir / "diff_heatmap.mp4"),
            "diff_overlay": str(output_dir / "diff_overlay.mp4"),
            "per_frame_stats": str(output_dir / "per_frame_stats.csv"),
        },
    }
    (output_dir / "summary.json").write_text(json.dumps(summary, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
    print(json.dumps(summary, indent=2))


def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Create pixel-level video difference visualizations.")
    parser.add_argument("--original", type=Path, required=True)
    parser.add_argument("--edited", type=Path, required=True)
    parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=Path, required=True)
    parser.add_argument("--threshold", type=int, default=2, help="Per-channel max RGB diff threshold before a pixel counts as changed.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--heatmap-all-diffs",
        action="store_true",
        help="Show every nonzero diff in diff_heatmap. By default, diff_heatmap only shows pixels above --threshold.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--max-frames", type=int)
    parser.add_argument(
        "--align-edited-to-original",
        action="store_true",
        help="Scale and resample the edited video to the original resolution/fps before comparing. Use for raw model outputs.",
    )
    return parser.parse_args()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    compare_videos(parse_args())