q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d1jj22 | It is commonly said that in the colonial era, the colonists used infected blankets with diseases unknown to the natives, making them effectively bio weapons, did the opposite also occur? | As the title states, colonialists used diseases such as smallpox or influenza to kill the natives, and quite effectively at that.
However, I'm wondering if the natives used the diseases they have antibodies to(I am assuming there are illnesses native to certain tribes) as a counter the colonialist bio warfare, OR even... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d1jj22/it_is_commonly_said_that_in_the_colonial_era_the/ | {
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"/u/anthropology_nerd has previously answered [When Europeans brought diseases to the New World, how come Europeans themselves didn't get sick from diseases specific to the New World?](_URL_0_)\n\nThis topic was addressed broadly during anthropolo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ck97r/when_europeans_brought_diseases_to_the_new_world/cswt3wd/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/badhistory/comments/2u4d53/myths_of_conquest_part_seven_death_by_disease/"
]
] | |
54pp0w | Is there evidence to support that the British Empire manufactured famines? | I recently read about the bengal famine of 1943, and I would like to learn more about the level of involvement that the British had in causing that and other famines during their imperial rule.
| AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/54pp0w/is_there_evidence_to_support_that_the_british/ | {
"a_id": [
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9,
9
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"text": [
"Thanks for this reply.",
"Irish writer and historian, Tim Pat Coogan has written a great book about Britains role in the Irish famine, The Famine Plot. Although some points are disputed by other Iri... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://books.google.com.au/books/about/The_Famine_Plot.html?id=_cIhmQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y"
],
[]
] | |
1v5r7h | How is the brain protected from damage once a hemispherectomy is performed? | During a hemispherectomy half of the brain is removed, so with all the extra room inside of the skull how is the brain protected from head injuries? Are there any extra steps taken or is the one hemisphere perfectly fine sitting there by itself? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1v5r7h/how_is_the_brain_protected_from_damage_once_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"There is a really good answer about this provided by [The Naked Scientists](_URL_0_). There are a lot of factors, including structures, that provide stability to the brain after a hemispherectomy. These include, according to my source, the tentor... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/questions/question/2772/",
"http://www.pixelatedbrain.com/images/draw/mening_cisterns/drmen_1_1c.jpg",
"http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/images/hemispherectomy.jpg"
]
] | |
2ytlrb | What is the history of the cigar? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ytlrb/what_is_the_history_of_the_cigar/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpdehnc"
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"What in particular? The history of the cigar or at least it's origins from what I recall are a tad hard to pin down given that there aren't too many sources that I can find that are reliable. So I'll do my best with my passing interest in cigars ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2gref9 | How did bilge pumps work in the old sailing ships? | I've been looking for information about how bilge pumps worked before there was such a thing as steam or deisel power. Unfortunately, bilge pumps are still very much in use and more modern results have stymied my researches. I'm thinking the age of the great sailing ships (16-1700s?) but I'd be interested in other kind... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2gref9/how_did_bilge_pumps_work_in_the_old_sailing_ships/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I have a book at home which has diagrams, if nobody's posted any by the time I get home I'll get you some pictures. But for now, [this is the best I can find](_URL_0_) (Source: _URL_2_)\n\nElm tree pumps, also known as chain pumps, were one sort... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/XjkKA5c.jpg",
"http://imgur.com/a/LPucb",
"http://www.history.navy.mil/ussconstitution/",
"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2016493W",
"http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread.php?155520-Questions-about-historical-bilge-pump-systems"
]
] | |
68bkmw | what causes those static-like patches of white pixels when watching films on a disc that's been scratched? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/68bkmw/eli5_what_causes_those_staticlike_patches_of/ | {
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"Imagine it like this,\n\nYoi stretched out the dvd into one line, here you can see all the code for the laser which is etched into the dvd, if it gets scratched off the laser will see nothing an percieve it as zero and leave the screen white in p... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
axm5ng | Why is Pluto's (and other dwarf planets) orbit so unusual? | Every planet in our solar system seems to have a "normal" orbit (I mean that as they are all aligned with each other and the Sun), then sudenly Pluto's orbit is out, like it sliped or something. It also goes through Neptun's orbit and I found that weird.
The same (an unusual orbit) also goes for other dwarf planets.
... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/axm5ng/why_is_plutos_and_other_dwarf_planets_orbit_so/ | {
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"One reason is \"chaotic\" gravity. The dwarf planets beyond Neptune (and other objects in that region) can experience tumultuous gravitational influence from the outer planets and from each other. As an example, and someone ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
9t1sh9 | when someone’s metabolism speeds up where does the extra energy go? | So if two people eat 2000 cals a day. If the person with the slow metabolism puts the energy on as fat. What happens to the person with the quick metabolism? Where does it go? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9t1sh9/eli5_when_someones_metabolism_speeds_up_where/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8t2988",
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"text": [
"The extra energy is used, primarily for movement. People with a fast metabolism tend to be a lot more active.",
"Your body is in a constant state of two processes: \n[Gluconeogenesis](_URL_0_)- the building up of suga... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis"
]
] | |
1d7q16 | The history of Feminism. | I am in a bit of a bind over an essay that I am currently writing. It is on feminism. I am wondering if there are any feminist historians who would be willing to look at this question?
Feminist history as a part of a political struggle for the place of women, to recover the present place of women as hidden by the dead... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1d7q16/the_history_of_feminism/ | {
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"Well...in the spirit of our rules about homework (since I assume this is a school assignment?):\n\nI would direct you over to /r/askfeminists. They could be helpful.\n\nFeminism is generally recognized by feminist historian... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules",
"http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/pdf/wollvind.pdf",
"http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~judithb/femhist.pdf"
]
] | |
117vvb | Hi, Historians! Can you please tell me what the diet was like of an average person of your respective eras of expertise? I have so many questions! | What ingredients were available at the time? How were these ingredients sourced? What was really trendy or popular? What sort of lengths did people go to to get spices and so on? What sort of preservation techniques were being used? How were meals formatted? Has it always been a standard three-meal day type of th... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/117vvb/hi_historians_can_you_please_tell_me_what_the/ | {
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"text": [
"Pork and Rice! And a whole lot of it. These were essentially the staple foods for the lower and middle class.\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulque",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouteria_sapota",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus",
"http://www.ncbi.nl... | |
ez8dab | where does our bodily energy go when we don't use it? | For example if you get really riled up to the point where you look berserk or you're high on some kind of crazy drug that's making you feel like exploding out of your skin then you just stop and sit there or go to sleep, was there ever more potential energy inside your body before you calmed down? If not how does that ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ez8dab/eli5_where_does_our_bodily_energy_go_when_we_dont/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You're conflating the physical concept of energy with the abstract human feeling of being energetic. They are not the same at all. Being riled up doesn't mean your body contains more energy, it's just how you feel. Your body isn't a vessel that ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
19z34c | When you record sound on your phone at a concert, why does it pick up the sound of everyone around you over the speakers, but your ears pick up the soundsystem? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19z34c/when_you_record_sound_on_your_phone_at_a_concert/ | {
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"text": [
"Humans have the ability to focus on a single source and mentally filter out background noises. Your phone does not. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2tkbjm | I keep hearing about outbreaks of measles and whatnot due to people not vaccinating their children. Aren't the only ones at danger of catching a disease like measles the ones who do not get vaccinated? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2tkbjm/i_keep_hearing_about_outbreaks_of_measles_and/ | {
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"co099ys",
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"c... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/measles/protecting-children-who-cant-be-immunised-against-measles",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_immunity",
"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/6mishome.htm"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
... | ||
2x1e6b | why do cables that plug into phones such as the iphone cable have multiple pins going out but ultimately its a 4 pin usb connection on the others end? | I know androids have standard micro USB connections but the iPhone cables and older devices have a 32 pin connection or the new lightning cable for iPhone have 8 pins. The other end of the cable has 4 pins. Why don't all phones just have 4 pins? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x1e6b/eli5_why_do_cables_that_plug_into_phones_such_as/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The iPhone dock connector was designed to provide multiple types of control & power. If you plug the phone into certain types of docks, it carries audio data & lets you control the device (play/pause, stop, next/previou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.chipworks.com/en/technical-competitive-analysis/resources/blog/technologyblog/files/2012/12/2pin-config-4.jpg?file=2012/12/2pin-config-4.jpg"
]
] | |
1e79j9 | why do people want obama impeached over the benghazi attack? | I'm 14 and I don't have a clear understanding over the situation in Benghazi. All I know is there was an attack that killed some people. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1e79j9/eli5_why_do_people_want_obama_impeached_over_the/ | {
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"text": [
"Actually just covered this in a different thread. It's not necessai... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/politics/comments/1e6rt0/john_mccain_refuses_to_back_impeaching_obama_over/c9xfaa0"
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjoa3QazVy8&bpctr=1368400752"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
69uosl | why is planter's trail mix allowed to use real m & ms? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/69uosl/eli5_why_is_planters_trail_mix_allowed_to_use/ | {
"a_id": [
"dh9hzz7"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Because they have a deal with Mars. It's mutually beneficial for the two companies since they don't directly compete. If you pay attention you can find this sort of thing all over the snack aisle."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6p11v8 | why is planting trees so important when farmers plant millions of plants every year? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6p11v8/eli5_why_is_planting_trees_so_important_when/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Many reasons.\n\nTrees are much larger than what a farmer plants. When they grow they provide homes for many animals and one tree is better for the environment than an acre of a crop.\n\nTrees provide shade, they can live for many years, cleanin... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
zz66g | why does my voice sounds weird on video/audio? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zz66g/why_does_my_voice_sounds_weird_on_videoaudio/ | {
"a_id": [
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4
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"text": [
"When you speak, you hear two things. You hear the sound of your own voice carried through the air back to your ears (having bounced off the walls or something), and you also hear the sound of your voice resonating inside yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
t716j | What can cause a person to change the language they are speaking, mid sentence, and not realize it? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t716j/what_can_cause_a_person_to_change_the_language/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4k4juj"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"It's entirely possible that this man has a form of aphasia (language impairment). [Here is an interesting study](_URL_0_) on the effects of aphasia on bilinguals (note: \"L1\" means \"native language\" or \"first language\" and \"L2\" means \"sec... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.bu.edu/bilingualaphasia/research/"
]
] | ||
3vyd4x | the difference between hate crime and terrorism | Thanks for the responses. Pretty much what I thought | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vyd4x/eli5_the_difference_between_hate_crime_and/ | {
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"text": [
"The difference is in the intended audience. Terrorism is done in a very public way, in order to terrorize as many people as possible. A hate crime is simply ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_class"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
22q40o | Is there anywhere on Earth which has experienced no conflicts in the past? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22q40o/is_there_anywhere_on_earth_which_has_experienced/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgpby8y"
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"text": [
"Well, every place on earth has seen some sort of conflict, military or not.\n\nGreenland was (and still is) a colony of Denmark. In World War 2, Denmark was annexed by Nazi Germany, and Greenland came with it. It was only until the allies estab... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
50mviu | if you throw a die you have a 1-in-6 (16.7%) chance of landing the desired number, but if you throw it six times you don't have a 100% chance of landing it. | I know it's theoretical, but what does this look like/what is this called mathematically? This is fucking me up.
I know there are dice with more than six sides, this is just an example. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/50mviu/eli5_if_you_throw_a_die_you_have_a_1in6_167/ | {
"a_id": [
"d75a3ie"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"For independent events like die rolls, probabilities don't add, they multiply. So the chance of getting a 2nd roll the same as the first is 1/6. And the chance of getting a 2nd roll the same as the first AND a 3rd roll the same as the second is... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
20xblf | how instant hot water showers work | I'm from a country where they're not hugely common and I have to turn on the water heater for like an hour when I want to have a shower, how do other showers just always have hot water? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20xblf/eli5_how_instant_hot_water_showers_work/ | {
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"score": [
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"In the US, at least, we have a Water Heater Tank.\n\nThink of a big tank of water that is kept at a relatively constant temperature. When you turn on the hot water pipe, hot water is pumped out of the h... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
zfukn | how do government agencies/big companies track internet usage of users, especially if there are hundreds of people using it at the same time? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zfukn/eli5_how_do_government_agenciesbig_companies/ | {
"a_id": [
"c648vrl"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"The places sending you the information have to track you anyway in order to send it. All the government/companies have to do is copy and organize this data; when you have lots of very big servers, that's not particularly hard."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4mlfuj | if everyone stopped dying altogether, right this moment, how long do we have before the earth is completely overpopulated? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4mlfuj/eli5if_everyone_stopped_dying_altogether_right/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3wdyoz"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I believe 14B is an accepted maximum capacity. For every 8 worldwide deaths, there are 19 births (2.375x). Around 55.3M people die every year. Since the population is currently ~7.4B, that means we need 6.6B more, so just under 116 years."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2rpab2 | why is it that as we get older, we find it harder to enjoy new things (ie. music) and instead focus on things that remind us of the past? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2rpab2/eli5why_is_it_that_as_we_get_older_we_find_it/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I'm not really sure that this is the case. \n\nIf it is, though, I would think the answer is in the question: since the very young have comparatively less of *anything* to remind them of good things in the past, they cling ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
19ixn1 | Why was Christianity so widely adopted by Europeans? Is there a reason for why Islam spread throughout the Middle East more than Christianity? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19ixn1/why_was_christianity_so_widely_adopted_by/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Not sure about the first part of your question (Constantine and his conversion definitely had a part, but how di... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Muhammad-Believers-At-Origins-Islam/dp/0674064143"
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[],
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy_and_Christianity"
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[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours",
"http://upload... | ||
8qjbqp | why are viruses so difficult to get rid of? if they mutate too quickly, how do they retain their orignal side effect? (common cold, hiv, herpes) | As per title, (resubmitted due to lack of flair), how come it's nigh impossible to get rid of viruses? If they mutate so fast, how do they retain their original effect on the human body?
If they keep on mutating, there should be a chance that some viruses will mutate into something our immune system is good at killing... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8qjbqp/eli5_why_are_viruses_so_difficult_to_get_rid_of/ | {
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"text": [
"Two different questions, two different responses:\n\nDifficulty of removal could fall into two camps, eradication of a given virus, or clearing of all viruses from a given area. Both are difficult due t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2azizu | What are the earliest examples of people putting collars on pets? Was there ever a significantly different way of identifying personal pets? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2azizu/what_are_the_earliest_examples_of_people_putting/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj0gv4s"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Egyptian art from the 4th millennium BC depicts dogs wearing collars and some of those have been discovered by archaeologists. We know the types of names they gave their dogs because of inscriptions on surviving collars. Names like 'Brave One, Re... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/dogs.htm"
]
] | ||
3ib2ks | if one country gets fined by another, how is the fine enforced? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ib2ks/eli5_if_one_country_gets_fined_by_another_how_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"cueuvu5"
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"text": [
"I don't understand. It is impossible to fine other countries. If you are referring to reparations for war, that is different. It if you are referring to fines imposed by a treaty organization (I.e. UN, NATO, etc) that is also different. Can you p... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
e73v6p | how do stops in a pipe organ work? | Context: I work in a museum with a Baroque-era European pipe organ from between 1670-1770. Every week, some students from a local university’s music program come by and play it. Thing sounds awesome.
On it, there are 10-12 knobs that, when pulled, totally change the sound of the organ, which I now know are called stop... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e73v6p/eli5_how_do_stops_in_a_pipe_organ_work/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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5,
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"text": [
"Those are literally valves that direct air to different sets of pipes. Depending on the material, shape, length, etc., of the pipes, you can get different sounds. If you pull a stop, it opens a valve, a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeB3JnKp8To"
],
[]
] | |
qydch | why are there print and television advertisements for things like cotton, plastic, clean coal or eggs. | I don't understand why there are ads for things like this. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qydch/why_are_there_print_and_television_advertisements/ | {
"a_id": [
"c41fsn2"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Those campaigns are put on usually by lobbies for the entire industry. Their purpose is to influence and raise people opinion of the item in question so that people both buy it more/vote for proposal that they feel are in their interest. That's p... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9xhayc | What the heck happened after the American Revolutionary war? | I feel stupid for asking this since I studied history in college. It seems like every time I try to look up this period of history it is usually not mentioned. So the American Revolution ended in 1783. Right makes sense so far. Now George Washington was elected the first president in 1789. What happened in America from... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9xhayc/what_the_heck_happened_after_the_american/ | {
"a_id": [
"e9skwci"
],
"score": [
21
],
"text": [
"This time is known generally as the Articles of Confederation period. The same agreements that unified the 13 colonies to fight the Revolutionary War pretty much continued, along with the Continental Congress. As the states acted more as indepen... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2701951?seq=10#metadata_info_tab_contents",
"http://shaysrebellion.stcc.edu/"
]
] | |
62x7u5 | What happens to you physiologically when exposed to radiation from a nuclear bomb detonating? Sources? | My biology/english class has us writing narrative "non-fiction" (aka real science, hypothetical situation) relating to some illness, condition, or anything physiological, and I chose to write a story about someone being a nearby when a nuclear bomb goes off. The CDC website isn't very helpful, as I want detailed inform... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/62x7u5/what_happens_to_you_physiologically_when_exposed/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfpvju1"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"The type of radiation emitted from a nuclear blast is ionizing radiation. These high energy particles interact with the molecules of your DNA and can cause breaks or can cause an alteration of the DNA conformity. Most ionizing radiation you come ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a2zq1o | During the time of the 13 colonies/Europe what was the literacy rate? And with the population that wasn’t literate, did that understand the concept of percentages? | I was looking at the weather forecast and it’s chances for rain, and it’s stated in percents. Made me wonder about the illiterate. Follow up, does whatever your answer hold true today? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a2zq1o/during_the_time_of_the_13_colonieseurope_what_was/ | {
"a_id": [
"eb2i3q6"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"I'll defer to others regarding the literacy rate in Europe but can speak to the American colonies. Pinning down exactly what we mean by \"literacy\" is complicated and has changed over time. The definition wouldn't be standardized until the late ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8sw0xk/new_england_women_in_17th_century_america_had_one/"
]
] | |
459jfj | the implications of the detection of gravitational waves by the ligo team | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/459jfj/eli5_the_implications_of_the_detection_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"czw5acc"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"\"Well, gravitational waves give us another way to observe space. For example, waves from the Big Bang would tell us a little more about how the universe formed. Waves also form when black holes collide, supernovae explode, and massive neutron st... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
blgeu5 | How does ingesting sodium/potassium affect the "sodium-potassium pump"? | is there a direct correlation between increased levels of sodium/potassium in the blood to differences in HR, BP, and EKG readings?
Would ingesting a similar amount of each counteract the effects of the other?
For example: increased sodium = increased HR/BP
and increased potassium = decreased HR/BP | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/blgeu5/how_does_ingesting_sodiumpotassium_affect_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"emqq1qa"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"This is only a partial answer to your question but is still worth noting. Increased sodium intake increases your blood pressure because it pulls water into the blood stream from the interstitial space (space in between cells) and other cells. Thi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5u3xwi | Vikings are famous for raping and pillaging, and undoubtedly more than one woman must have given birth to a half-Viking child who was a product of rape. How did societies treat these children? | Vikings are just one example of what I'm talking about here-- Genghis Khan's armies were famous for the same thing. So did women who found themselves pregnant as a result of an invasion on their village by an enemy usually keep the babies? Were the children ostracized, or treated as equals in their societies? What abou... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5u3xwi/vikings_are_famous_for_raping_and_pillaging_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddrolei"
],
"score": [
724
],
"text": [
"Rape was the fear, expectation, the weapon, the reward for soldiers, and the terrible reality of medieval (ancient, early modern, *modern*) warfare. And by warfare, we're talking about short raids, longer \"campout\" raids that could last a wee... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8ny8aj | do other animals actually have “human” facial expressions (smiles, frowns, furrowed brows) or is it just our minds wanting to see facial expressions in animals? | I have seen pictures of frowning bunnies, smiling elephants, sad giraffes, laughing monkeys. It seems like facial expressions are not just human traits but I want to know if there’s any sort of scientific studies to prove/disprove this theory | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ny8aj/eli5_do_other_animals_actually_have_human_facial/ | {
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"text": [
"I believe it somewhat has to do with a cognitive phenomena called Pareidolia - in which our brains responds to certain visual stimuli that evokes the recognition of some pattern (... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
558zl3 | why was the native american code during ww2 so hard to break? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/558zl3/eli5_why_was_the_native_american_code_during_ww2/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Languages are organized in families. English is part of the Indo-European family, so almost all European language... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1pvlfl | Why do fabrics become more resistant to tearing when wet, while other materials, like paper, become more prone to it. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1pvlfl/why_do_fabrics_become_more_resistant_to_tearing/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd6ikp0"
],
"score": [
22
],
"text": [
"Simply put because the wetness softens the fibers.\n\nIn a woven fabric, the fibers are basically going the entire width of the item in one strand. So when they become softer, they tend to stretch or slide past each other, and they still need th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
42nv43 | why does windows sometimes estimate copying time super incorrectly? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/42nv43/eli5_why_does_windows_sometimes_estimate_copying/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It takes longer to copy many smaller files than one large file. Sometimes you may be copying a combination of the two so windows thinks all the files are small and since the average copying speed has dropped copying the smaller files it increases... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
butafk | how does air move across a room? | I'm sitting in my house and just closed a window - 3 metres away on the other side of the room, the door rattled and then opened as a result of me closing the window. Can someone explain how shutting the window shook and opened the door on the other side?
Thanks | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/butafk/eli5_how_does_air_move_across_a_room/ | {
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"text": [
" > just closed a window (...) the door rattled\n\nThat shouldn't happen, unless you're leaving something out or missed the sequence of events.\n\nUsually, shutting a door can rattle a window, but not the other way around, b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4humyc | how is dubai able to build so much infrastructure so quickly without much political opposition? | And in other places it takes years to get infrastructure in place. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4humyc/eli5_how_is_dubai_able_to_build_so_much/ | {
"a_id": [
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4
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"text": [
"Dubai is an absolute monarchy: there *is* no political opposition. That doesn't mean that the ruling family does whatever they feel like doing without consultation, but they could. The largest property developers have state... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1zggyo | how do open source projects compete with for profit alternatives? | I'll admit that I'm a huge Linux fan. It does everything I need and I can make it look and behave exactly like I want. As much as I would like to convince you guys to use it, that isn't the point of this post. A lot of the programs that I use are free as in freedom. As in not only do you not pay for it, but the code is... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1zggyo/eli5_how_do_open_source_projects_compete_with_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"cftrc8j"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Poorly. They really cannot advertise, for the consumer market which is mostly free, nor compete much with Microsoft for being included on sold PCs."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1rl7tw | if suicide by subway train is prevalent, why don't the subway trains slow down enough to make a quick stop before they get to the platform? | It always seems that the trains are at such a speed that they will stop just at the platform rather than being able to stop any time before then. Maybe I'm just used to seeing a lot of train suicides on reddit, but if this was an issue, I would think the subway trains would be designed to slow down enough to be able to... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rl7tw/eli5_if_suicide_by_subway_train_is_prevalent_why/ | {
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"score": [
26,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
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"text": [
"Trains have poor stopping... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Paris_Metro_St_Lazare.jpg"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States",
"http://www.ble-t.org/pr/news/headline.asp?id=12603"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6b6th8 | why does the tail rotor on a helicopter spin on an axis perpendicular to the main rotor on top of the helicopter? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6b6th8/eli5_why_does_the_tail_rotor_on_a_helicopter_spin/ | {
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"score": [
3,
10,
2,
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],
"text": [
"Because the main rotor's spinning generates a net torque that twists the helicopter around. The tail rotor cancels the torque. ",
"The purpose of the tail rotor is not to crea... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.mdhelicopters.com/notar.html"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_rotors",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamov"
]
] | ||
3720rd | what is preventing us to make more of the drug quaaludes since it doesn't exist anymore? (depicted in wolf of wallstreet) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3720rd/eli5_what_is_preventing_us_to_make_more_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Quaaludes must be manufactured in a lab. The DEA was able to find the labs making it and shut them down. Simple answer it's hard to make Quaaludes.",
"It's mostly been replaced by better, safer, mod... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/faqs/quaaludes.html"
]
] | ||
60k6eh | how did "aww" become a standard reply upon seeing/hearing something cute? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/60k6eh/eli5_how_did_aww_become_a_standard_reply_upon/ | {
"a_id": [
"df7psdw"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Perhaps it's because it sounds like what one says when they see or hear something cute. Basically a moan."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2kspe1 | What will airlines do when fossil fuels run out? | "My grandfather rode a camel. My father drove a car. I fly my jet. My grandson will ride a camel." - Old Saudi saying
Baring an unprecedented and totally unforeseen technological advancement, energy in a post-fossil fuel world will be in the form of electricity (generated by nuclear power, solar, wind, etc.) or biofue... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2kspe1/what_will_airlines_do_when_fossil_fuels_run_out/ | {
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"score": [
36,
4,
16,
3,
3,
2
],
"text": [
" > So, are aviation-grade biofuels possible? Is it feasible/possible to have a jet engine capable of running on 100% biofuel?\n\nAbsol... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_biofuel"
],
[
"http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2014/scale-model-wwii-craft-takes-flight-with-fuel-from-the-sea-concept"
],
[],
[
"http://www.hydrogenics.com/hydrogen-products-solutions/energy-storage-fueling-solutions/power-to-gas"
],
[
... | |
5jxoke | why is it that the stock market generally continues to go up forever? | Why is it that the stock market seem to go up forever? I understand that there is inflation, but doesn't someone else(an other countries company or government) need to be losing money for other stocks to gain money? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jxoke/eli5_why_is_it_that_the_stock_market_generally/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbk9fyl"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I run a company. I made some profits. I use those profits to build new factory. I didn't have to go steal that factory from some other country or company, I just **made** it. (Or hired people to.) The stock value of the company I run has g... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
26y69f | why are certain things interesting? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26y69f/eli5why_are_certain_things_interesting/ | {
"a_id": [
"chvlk0j"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"My source for this is the book 'A Theory Of Fun' by Raph Koster in which he asks this question to neuroscientists but...\n\nThe human brain is constantly trying to identify patterns in everything, and it rewards us with dopamine for doing so. Whe... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
b9ac1k | if an atom is mostly empty space, how are we able to touch anything, and how do atoms combine to make something solid? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b9ac1k/eli5_if_an_atom_is_mostly_empty_space_how_are_we/ | {
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7,
3,
3,
2
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"text": [
"Everything is mostly empty space because it is made of atoms. The nature of protons, neutrons and electrons is that they can't be pushed together more than a certain amount. The re... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4lhk53 | Would spraying boiling water over a fire put it out as effectively as room temp water? | Was thinking about sweating and water evaporating and somehow my mind stumbled on this question. I can think of a few different reasons why this may just be a bad question but figured I'd ask it anyway! Thought process here is: I guess pouring water on a fire cools it down both by direct heat transfer (water is cooler ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4lhk53/would_spraying_boiling_water_over_a_fire_put_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3nkcta"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"The main mechanism of water to put out a fire is via evaporation. There are two reasons for this:\n\n1) The latent heat of vaporization--converting water from liquid to gas at 100 degrees Celsius--requires about 2.2MJ per kg. That means, every k... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4vvkm5 | How much does Solar Maximums and Minimums affect temperature here on earth? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4vvkm5/how_much_does_solar_maximums_and_minimums_affect/ | {
"a_id": [
"d61zyro"
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4
],
"text": [
"To first order, we can talk about the difference in temperature caused by the difference in sunlight during solar maxima and minima. Note that this ignores more subtle effects, such as a slight increase in cloudy days due to increased particle fl... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/L0qDhCm.png"
]
] | ||
3b9xjc | how does putting a lawyer on retainer work? what are the advantages of doing this versus just hiring/consulting a lawyer when you need one? | Thought about this while watching Silicon Valley. "So..I paid $80,000 just so I could pay them more later?"
| explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3b9xjc/eli5_how_does_putting_a_lawyer_on_retainer_work/ | {
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"score": [
9,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"TV shows do not represent real life. The reason some gets a Lawyer on retainer is because it is *cheaper*. It is essentially buying in bulk. Someone pays the lawyer to be on retainer so that they can co... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
8zsbk7 | how do batteries (aa, aaa, b, c, d, etc.) get their names? what do they mean? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8zsbk7/eli5_how_do_batteries_aa_aaa_b_c_d_etc_get_their/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
7490,
1401,
185,
25,
7,
17
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"text": [
"Every time you step up a letter, the batteries get bigger. Because we don’t have a letter smaller than A, we repeat the letter... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiBrXPe0d-E"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9z948y | glass that is more scratch resistant is more brittle and prone to shattering. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9z948y/eli5_glass_that_is_more_scratch_resistant_is_more/ | {
"a_id": [
"ea7e1ct"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It is more scratch resistant because it is harder, and in some materials more hardness means more brittleness. You see the same thing in machine tooling, tungsten carbide is well-regarded because it is hard and can cut through many materials, but... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1p2t01 | why do cops use fatal guns instead of tranquilizer guns just like used in animals? | I can't understand why not, since these guns would prevent any human error, emotional distress, accidents to end up with peoples lives... Why use real guns to imobilize dangerous criminals (or not) if tranquilizers do the trick by putting them asleep?
The same would apply to any gun sold to civilians, no lethal guns, ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1p2t01/why_do_cops_use_fatal_guns_instead_of/ | {
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16,
23,
5,
2,
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2,
2,
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"text": [
"They carry non-lethal tazers for tranquilizing purposes.\nGuns are ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1o2mq9 | Why are there no "of" or "from"s in English surnames? (Similar to Von, Da, De, Van) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1o2mq9/why_are_there_no_of_or_froms_in_english_surnames/ | {
"a_id": [
"cco9jpo",
"ccoa70n",
"ccobcht",
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"ccoiz12",
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"cconnym",
"ccop8nr"
],
"score": [
15,
174,
107,
153,
12,
6,
6,
12,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Isn't the Irish O' short of ''of''?",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock,_Duke_of_Gloucester",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Guise",
... | ||
1dgbth | how cannabinoid receptors are affected when we consume marijuana | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dgbth/eli5_how_cannabinoid_receptors_are_affected_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9qia1u"
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"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Do you remember the toys you played with as a kid where you would try to put the square peg in the round hole? This is vaguely kind of how neurotransmitters work. The cannabinoids from pot will travel to your brain through your blood from your lu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2endzm | Did the Italian Establishment, together with NATO and/or the CIA sponsored far-right terrorism to stop Communism during the Cold War? | During the 60-80s, Italy lived a period of increasing political violence and terrorism, the so called [years of lead](_URL_0_). There is a theory out there that states that some [politicians](_URL_1_), together with the Mafia, the Church Hierarchy and elements of NATO/CIA, made political use of terrorism (['strategia d... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2endzm/did_the_italian_establishment_together_with_nato/ | {
"a_id": [
"ck2t21j"
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"text": [
"To be sure, the \"anni di piombo\" period is usually associated with left wing terrorism, of which the chronicles of the time are full. They culminated with the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro (at the time the head of the major christian democ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Years_of_lead_(Italy\\)",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti#Conspiracy_theories",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FX-lgSQlGw",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_of_tension#Italy"
] | [
[]
] | |
b03j62 | Why is meat, specifically bacon described as lasting days or up to a week without refrigeration in older books, but these days it’s recommended to throw out bacon left at room temp for more than two hours? | Was there a change in the way we cure our meats? Were they eating spoiled meat? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b03j62/why_is_meat_specifically_bacon_described_as/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Keeping food over long periods of time was a great challenge in the pre-industrial world, before refrigeration. Even things like ice boxes ( and icemen to fill them) didn't become a common thing until the later 19th c. , a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13493/13493-h/13493-h.htm"
],
[]
] | |
65soun | when we say a list of names, how come some sound better in a specific order? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/65soun/eli5_when_we_say_a_list_of_names_how_come_some/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Like 60% of the time, when someone asks why a certain phrase sounds better in a certain order, the answer is rhythm. Phrases with repetition seem to make people happy.\n\n\"Evan and Emily\" sounds good because it repeats the same pattern twice: a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
79hqa6 | Does Quantum Field Theory imply that the idea of "Four Fundamental Forces" is an incorrect simplification? | My understanding of quantum field theory is that each "particle" in the standard model is actually an excitation of a field corresponding to that particle. Does that mean that there are actually 17 fundamental forces, rather than just 4? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/79hqa6/does_quantum_field_theory_imply_that_the_idea_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"dp21n6t",
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"score": [
10,
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"text": [
"Each kind of particle is an excitation of its corresponding field, but each field does not correspond to a fundamental force. The Standard Model of particle physics has 12 \"force carrier\" particles, divided between three ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5w9vkz | why does copper powder not give a high conductivity when in water? | Had a lab session the other day and we had to use a conductivity probe to measure the conductivity (μS/cm) of various substances in water.
I got 3870 μS/cm for Calcium Chloride, no surprise there since it's an Ionic bond. I got 5 μS/cm for Hexane, also no surprise since it's a Covalent bond. But when I put pure Copper... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5w9vkz/eli5_why_does_copper_powder_not_give_a_high/ | {
"a_id": [
"de8i09c"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The path of current does not go THRU it to convey current. The water by itself is the pathway for current. If the pure elemental copper was combined as a salt, it would then be conductive in the water and aid in passing the electrical current.\n"... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1mhjcc | is it actually bad for your brain to fall asleep to tv/music? | I fall asleep to netflix every night and literally cycle through all family guy/american dad/futurama episodes. Is this harming my sleep cycle and potentially anything else? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1mhjcc/eli5is_it_actually_bad_for_your_brain_to_fall/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"My personal story about sleeping with the TV on. I used to fall asleep with PBS on (Public TV for you non-Yanks). I would then have some really bizarre dreams about the subject of whatever was being s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2djfif | why don't politicians ever take contributions then act counter to the contributors wishes? | Say Comcast and Time Warner give someone $50,000 in political contributions and that person soon becomes a Senator. Then the Senator decides to act counter to what the big cable companies want by pushing the FCC to prevent their merging and removing restrictions that were keeping start-up cable companies out of cities.... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2djfif/eli5_why_dont_politicians_ever_take_contributions/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Most likely because whoever gave the contribution will go to their rival and make sure that person does not get re-elected. You typically don't bite the hand that feeds you. ",
"There is also the fact that most people do... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
19wzx4 | how do jpeg/jpg images get so pixelated and messed up? | What makes it different from other types like png. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/19wzx4/eli5_how_do_jpegjpg_images_get_so_pixelated_and/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"In an effort to reduce the size of the image, JPEGs will reduce the quality (kind of like how MP3s work). Sometimes it's noticeable, sometimes it's not, depending on the image and the level of compression.\n\nPNG files don't... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2pqt1b | Does the propagation of a gravity wave through a massive object encounter resistance from the mass of said object? | I'm wondering if gravity waves propagating through empty space and gravity waves propagating through something massive like a star carry on at the same speed. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2pqt1b/does_the_propagation_of_a_gravity_wave_through_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmzdja2",
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"score": [
36,
5
],
"text": [
"We have never observed gravity to slow down or gravitational waves to scatter from matter interactions. Theory states that at least the former does not occur, but we haven't really had the facilities to perform the necessar... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1ojuqj | why is it that car insurance companies are telling me i am responsible for my children until they are 21, even though they are adults at 18? | so the insurance companies (geico, allstate, etc) are telling me that even after my children are out of the house and 18 years old (adults in every legal sense of the word) that i can still be sued if they get into a car accident, etc....have i completely lost my mind or is this a real thing? if this is true, can someo... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ojuqj/eli5_why_is_it_that_car_insurance_companies_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccsnosc",
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"score": [
4,
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"text": [
"Are they driving vehicles insured by you, or are you guarantor under the policy?",
"It's because of psychology and human development. This is under the topic of \"emerging adulthood\". Basically most 18‑20 year olds in... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
70qojw | why does the cia sometimes refer to osama bin laden as "usama bin laden"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/70qojw/eli5_why_does_the_cia_sometimes_refer_to_osama/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because his first name is spelled \"أسامة\", which doesn't have an exact representation in the Latin alphabet. Both \"Osama\" and \"Usama\" are correct. As are \"Oussama\" and \"... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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] | ||
2u0fgz | why a billion dollar gaming industry hasn't produced a "gaming" operating system? | How is there not yet a dynamic operating system for a PC that allows developers direct hooks or as low-level as possible to the hardware without all the other software "middle-persons" found in typical operating systems, to make games run?
edit- added "Dynamic" in front of operating system to curb the console fever c... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2u0fgz/eli5_why_a_billion_dollar_gaming_industry_hasnt/ | {
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"score": [
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2,
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"Unless you count steam's os. Which shouldn't count because it can only run steam games (As far as I know).",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1puxg7 | how can judges dismiss evidence that isn't "submitted correctly" such as videos that incriminate the accused? | For example, a judge throws out a piece of evidence that shows the accused person in video because it wasn't submitted by a certain deadline. Isn't the video enough to prove someone guilty no matter how it was legally submitted to court? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1puxg7/eli5_how_can_judges_dismiss_evidence_that_isnt/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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3
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"text": [
"[Here](_URL_0_) is part of the Illustrated Guide to Law that explains this with comics.\n\nBasically, it's to protect citizens from police investigators overstepping their boundaries. The Constitution, which states the fund... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://lawcomic.net/guide/?p=1585"
],
[]
] | |
47stpk | Why were Italian and Irish immigrants to America given such a hard time? Was this typical of every immigrant, and the Italians and Irish had just arrived in greater numbers? Or was there something unique about these immigrants that made them "lower-class"? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/47stpk/why_were_italian_and_irish_immigrants_to_america/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0fzdrt"
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"text": [
"I can think of four things that distinguished Italians and Irish from other immigrant groups (bearing in mind that Chinese and Jewish immigrants faced different, and in some ways more severe, forms of discrimination):\n\n1. They were predominantl... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://ragingfluff.wordpress.com/2013/12/07/diasporational-part-thirteen-honest-dan-the-man-from-derry-who-took-on-tammany-hall/",
"http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/immigration-law-timeline/",
"http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/voices/italian_immigration.cfm",
"http://thomasnastcartoons.co... | ||
6uqegg | The Franks became Christian much earlier than many other Germanic groups. Why is this? When/where were the last Frankish pagans? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6uqegg/the_franks_became_christian_much_earlier_than/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm going to do my best in answering this question as I feel it falls in my wheel house and I'm actually reading two books on the Gothic and Frankish peoples. \n\nStarting off with the first part of your question I just want to make a minor corre... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4ycmrk | why are some people well written but not well spoken? (myself included) | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ycmrk/eli5why_are_some_people_well_written_but_not_well/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"To be well spoken you need to construct well phrased sentences in a fraction of the time you have when you are writing something. This requires a lot more practice as you can't do it if you have to use a lot of your brains c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
328q8g | what is the medical condition s.t. depression? | My mom was told by her doctor after wearing a heart monitor that she has this condition. She asked him to elaborate and all he did was give her the technical medical terms that went over her head. She seems concerned and so am I! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/328q8g/eli5_what_is_the_medical_condition_st_depression/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq8x8ls"
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"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"There are about 11 different serious medical conditions that can cause a cardiac ST depression. \n\n***I highly suggest you or your mom call her cardiologist and tell them you don't understand his/her explanation and would like to meet to talk ab... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a8l2vw | In the US, did any of the founding fathers have thoughts about the Salem witch trials that happened within living memory? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a8l2vw/in_the_us_did_any_of_the_founding_fathers_have/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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21
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"text": [
"Related question: when did the Salem witch trials become 'common knowledge' in America, for lack of a better term, and why the Salem witch trials as opposed to any other sort of tale of hysteria/superstition gone awry?",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2015/07/02/he-joined-the-revolution-as-an-old-man-was-shot-in-the-face-and-lived-another-18-years",
"http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/benjamin-franklin-gets-teachable-moment-cotton-mather/"
]
] | ||
1ecc0p | Do animals experience menstrual cramps? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ecc0p/do_animals_experience_menstrual_cramps/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9yzdt0",
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"score": [
230,
2
],
"text": [
"Yes. However, not many animals menstruate. Humans and old-world primates are about the only animals that undergo menses with the exception of bats. ",
"Are you specifically asking just about cramps or general menstruat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1r7kc7 | what would we experience on earth if another earth-like planet were to collide with us? | I watched Lars von Trier's "Melancholia" last night. It's not meant to be a scientifically accurate portrayal of the end of the world, and so it made me wonder what would actually happen in the circumstances depicted in the film. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1r7kc7/eli5_what_would_we_experience_on_earth_if_another/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdkdts5"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"We would all die in a matter of seconds. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
21i4g2 | If there was no official "Emperor" position in the Roman Empire, or in its early days at least, what exactly did the new Emperor inherit from his predecessor? What official title or position did the new Emperor inherit that gave him absolute rule? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/21i4g2/if_there_was_no_official_emperor_position_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgddx48"
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],
"text": [
"The successor inherited nothing de jure. It was up to the Senate to grant him the same powers as his predecessor. What became common practice was that the current ruler would groom his successor, including him in the government and having him tak... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1hgude | Now that summer is upon us: Is there any real conclusive evidence about sunscreen being bad for us? | I've been googling around and I see lots of people giving "studies" from both sides of the fence. Mainly either saying the study from _URL_0_ is true or not true and whether ingredients like oxybenzone actually do damage you or not.
Is this anyones area of study? Can they give fairly conclusive evidence on what is rig... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hgude/now_that_summer_is_upon_us_is_there_any_real/ | {
"a_id": [
"cauh0ya"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I am a bit uncomfortable with this question, as the last paragraph makes it clear you are asking for medical advice (which we are not allowed to give). Please see [this post](_URL_0_)."
]
} | [] | [
"EWG.org"
] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s4chc/meta_medical_advice_on_askscience_the_guidelines/"
]
] | |
6kt7nh | Poisoning wells is a common espionage activity in fiction based in medieval times. Was well poisoning actually something spies would do? What would the exact goals of a well-poisoning be? | There does not seem to be a lot of info on the subject easily accessible online and the only other similar question on the subreddit went unanswered.
Of the info I found online, it does look like well poisoning was common, but only as a defensive method, when retreating from an army, or as a scorched-earth policy.
I'... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6kt7nh/poisoning_wells_is_a_common_espionage_activity_in/ | {
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150,
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"text": [
"To ad on to OPs question; what would an attacking army do to clear a Well? What were other sabatoge methods used by medieval spies? \n\nThis is an interesting post op",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/bestof",
"https://www.facebook.com/askhistorians/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6a5duv/a_statistical_analysis_of_10000_raskhistorians/",
"http://twitter.com/askhistorians... | |
3va3es | why are bathroom hot air hand dryers better for the environment when they are using a non-renewable resource (fossil fuels) to save a renewable one (trees)? | Edit: Thanks, Reddit! Not sure why I didn't think about all the other stuff that needs to happen before and after the actual drying of hands. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3va3es/eli5why_are_bathroom_hot_air_hand_dryers_better/ | {
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"text": [
"To answer that question we need to know how much energy that particular dryer uses to dry your hands, what percentage of that energy is coming from burning fossil fuels, how much e... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
oxbsk | Is it possible to put enough perfluocarbons into a lake or large body of water for people to be able to breathe underwater? | I got this idea after watching "The Abyss", but didn't realize until I looked into it that you can't simply "oxygenate water". I beleive liquid breathing involves breathing *only* perflurocarbons, but is it possible to have a high enough concentration of perflurocarbons in a body of water that would allow our lungs to ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/oxbsk/is_it_possible_to_put_enough_perfluocarbons_into/ | {
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"score": [
12,
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"text": [
"Interesting question, i'd guess that it has to be a very high cocentration if even possible. Anyway, a nice article: _URL_0_\n\nPD: The Abyss is one of the most underrated sci fi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://itotd.com/articles/559/breathing-liquid/"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_in_lungs",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACQr0IZIb5I",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluorodecalin"
],
[],
[]
] | |
5lrjgz | Is there a reason all the planets orbit the sun in approximately the same plane and direction? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5lrjgz/is_there_a_reason_all_the_planets_orbit_the_sun/ | {
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"score": [
6314,
17,
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120,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTY1Kje0yLg"
],
[],
[],
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTY1Kje0yLg"
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmNXKqeUtJM"
],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LzQfR-T5_A",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance"
... | ||
1qsmvm | how do top chess players look so many moves ahead? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qsmvm/eli5_how_do_top_chess_players_look_so_many_moves/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdg1bez",
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"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"When the top chess players began playing chess, they only looked 1 or 2 moves ahead. It was all they knew how to do, because they were new to the game.\nAfter beating some other players, having some close games, and becoming... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1511rd | what's the difference between "assault" and "battery"? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1511rd/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_assault_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7ia7fe",
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"score": [
11,
2
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"text": [
"Assault is the threat of the violence, Battery is the actual violence.\n\nFrom Wikipedia:\n\nAssault and battery is the combination of two violent crimes: assault (the threat of violence) and battery (physical violence). Th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2i5snr | has the olympics always (since 1896) been a major expense and drain to the host city/country? | Oslo, Norway recently pulled its bid for the 2022 Olympics. In a reddit thread regarding that, most of the comments say how terribly expensive and burdensome the Olympics is on a city, and that it's no wonder Oslo would pull out.
Has it always been like this? Is the IOC actually more corrupt now than it used to be? Wa... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i5snr/eli5_has_the_olympics_always_since_1896_been_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckz4u64"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The Olympic events themselves are, economically speaking, beneficial for a country. They attract a lot of visitors who will spend money at local establishments.\n\nThe burden comes from the infrastructure. Unless a city has hosted the Olympics be... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics#Legacy"
]
] | |
3ezvrm | What were the main reasons the Russians lost WW1, and what were the consequences on their society and economic and military strength? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ezvrm/what_were_the_main_reasons_the_russians_lost_ww1/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctk19lw"
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"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Well to start off' when the war broke out Russia was in no way prepared for a major conflict. They had been thrashed by the Japanese in 1904-1905 in the Russo-Japanese war, which left the economy in shambles, and Russia dangerously unstable. Even... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://hsfsortie1918.webs.com/Pages/Pictures/1918%20Europe.jpg"
]
] | ||
8civgw | why does earth's armosphere glow blue in pictures taken from space? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8civgw/eli5_why_does_earths_armosphere_glow_blue_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxfa9rc"
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],
"text": [
"It is the same reson that the sky is blue from the ground. The atmosphere scatter the blue light more then the other colors so it looks blue. The amount of scattering depend on the wavelength of light. Blue scatter most and red on the others side... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2m4gxm | Can anyone help me interpret this political cartoon? All I know about it is that it is related to the Algerian War. | _URL_0_ | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2m4gxm/can_anyone_help_me_interpret_this_political/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm161om"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"My knowledge of the Algerian war is limited, but I can tell you that the image is a visual reference to [the three wise monkeys](_URL_0_), which in turn refer to the saying \"see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.\" The cartoon is accusing som... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/gallery/Pc9f9wL"
] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Hear_speak_see_no_evil_Toshogu.jpg"
]
] | |
1x0v2j | why is red hair so much more rare than other hair colors? | My friend was telling me how something like 2% of the earth's population has red hair and that people with red hair are actually going "extinct". So why is red hair more uncommon than other hair colors? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1x0v2j/why_is_red_hair_so_much_more_rare_than_other_hair/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf763eg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because red hair is the most recessive of the hair colors. So if you look at a punnet square it'll be easy to see that unless both parents have red hair then there is only a 25% chance of the child having red hair at best and since there are mul... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
agkdyf | How were/are native peoples affected by the establishment of the US/Canada border? | I know some tribes like the Blackfoot/Siksika had territory that was sort of cut in half. How was this handled when national borders were drawn? What kind of pushback was there from the natives? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/agkdyf/how_wereare_native_peoples_affected_by_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ee7rcxw"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There was no law or settlements in the Western Canadian prairies until the Northwest Mounted Police, newly established in 1873, arrived at Fort Whoop-up in 1874. Up until then there was no law nor any federal protection for the Indian tribes liv... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress_Hills_Massacre",
"https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-6",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliser_expedition"
]
] | |
16lp9f | What are some great examples of military deception throughout history? | I've heard of militaries using fake tanks and inflatable airplanes to fool their enemies. There is a post today in /r/todayilearned about the first jet pilot wearing a gorilla mask so that anyone who reported it wouldn't be believed.
What are the best examples of military deception in your area of expertise? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/16lp9f/what_are_some_great_examples_of_military/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7x5vyd",
"c7x6fym",
"c7x6i5x",
"c7x6j09",
"c7x6ln0",
"c7x7r0f",
"c7x8899",
"c7x8iku"
],
"score": [
5,
12,
9,
2,
3,
6,
2,
5
],
"text": [
"There are others, like the [Dazzle Camouflage](_URL_1_), but for my money, the best ever we... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://io9.com/5916534/during-world-war-i-fake-trees-for-snipers-would-pop-up-overnight",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazzle_camouflage"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2010/12/fighting-with-fakes.cfm",
"http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/100years/stories/camouflage.html"
... | |
7nb2mh | what is mk ultra? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7nb2mh/eli5_what_is_mk_ultra/ | {
"a_id": [
"ds0ff52",
"ds0lxj1"
],
"score": [
8,
3
],
"text": [
"It was a CIA project that started in the 50s and lasted the the 70s. It's goal was to identify drugs and techniques used for interrogation and counter intelligence. It included a lot of messed up experiments like daily LSD d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2q07eq/eli5_mk_ultra/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t1zgl/eli5_what_is_this_mk_ultra_i_keep_hearing_about/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jn3gv/eli5_project_mkultra/",
"https://www.reddit.c... | ||
1im12k | Was there anything like the American "temperance movement" in Europe in the 19th or 20th century? | As much as I know about it, the movement seems like a particularly "American" phenomenon for a lot of reasons (Californian here). Sorry to lump all of Europe together, I'm sure explanations would vary wildly from the UK to Spain to Greece. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1im12k/was_there_anything_like_the_american_temperance/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb5uujx",
"cb5wdau"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There was a fairly strong temperance movement in Scandinavia. A number of both open and closed organisations were involved. An attempt was made in 1918 in Denmark to partially ban certain sorts of alcoholic drinks. A general... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
8zbqkm | What’s the difference between sleep and just laying down/resting? | Why is sleep required for our bodies, and what does it do that simply laying down and resting doesn’t do? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8zbqkm/whats_the_difference_between_sleep_and_just/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2hpny4",
"e2hyh3g",
"e2j0ml3"
],
"score": [
94,
12,
2
],
"text": [
"Frankly, nobody knows for sure. It's one of the great unresolved questions in psychology and neurology. Hypotheses for the function of sleeping range from consolidating new memories to cleaning up met... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3527m9 | why do most americans seem to be suspicious of the federal government? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3527m9/eli5_why_do_most_americans_seem_to_be_suspicious/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr080p2",
"cr082mg",
"cr08bvx",
"cr08pfo",
"cr0973n",
"cr0a876",
"cr0aiit",
"cr0b7n4",
"cr0c4k2",
"cr0cjfw",
"cr0dc98",
"cr0e2la",
"cr0ecjf",
"cr0fhdh",
"cr0fxfs",
"cr0id51",
"cr0l8pv",
"cr0lnpc",
"cr0m3e4",
"cr0maja",
"c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.people-press.org/2014/11/13/public-trust-in-government/",
"https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/q30.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
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