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README.md
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---
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language:
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- en
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license: mit
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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task_categories:
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- tabular-classification
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tags:
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- anomaly-detection
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- industrial
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- sensor-data
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- synthetic
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- time-series
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- multivariate
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pretty_name: Industrial Equipment Sensor Anomaly Data
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---
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# Industrial Equipment Sensor Anomaly Data
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## Overview
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Synthetic multivariate sensor data from a simulated manufacturing plant with 5 equipment units (EQ-001 through EQ-005). Each unit generates 10,000 one-minute-interval readings across 11 sensor channels, 2 metadata fields, 3 derived features, and equipment operating mode labels.
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The dataset is designed for **anomaly detection** benchmarking. It embeds 4 distinct anomaly types at approximately 4.5% prevalence:
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- **Thermal runaway** — gradual temperature escalation over 15–40 minutes with correlated coolant lag and viscosity drop
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- **Bearing degradation** — vibration spikes with high-frequency noise and proportional acoustic increase
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- **Pressure leak** — slow pressure decay over 20–60 minutes with compensatory flow rate increase
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- **Sensor malfunction** — erratic single-sensor readings that do NOT reflect actual equipment failure (only one sensor affected while correlated sensors remain normal)
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## Dataset Details
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- **Rows:** 50,000 (10,000 per equipment unit)
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- **Columns:** 22
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- **Anomaly rate:** ~4.5%
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- **Time span:** 1-minute intervals starting 2024-01-01
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- **Generation:** Fully synthetic, reproducible with `numpy.random.default_rng(seed=42)`
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## Built-in Complexity
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The data contains deliberate challenges for ML pipelines:
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- **Target leakage features (3):** `rolling_anomaly_rate`, `maintenance_priority_score`, and `alert_code` contain information derived from the target label that would not exist at prediction time
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- **Missing values:** ~1–3% per sensor in two patterns — random sporadic dropouts and correlated block outages (5–15 minute windows)
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- **Concept drift:** Baseline sensor values shift partway through the timeline for each equipment unit
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- **Operating mode effects:** Sensor baselines differ significantly across modes (startup, normal, high_load, cooldown, idle)
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- **Cross-sensor correlations:** Temperature affects oil viscosity, vibration drives acoustic levels, RPM and flow determine power consumption
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## File Structure
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- `data.csv` — Full raw dataset (50,000 rows × 22 columns)
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## Features
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| Column | Type | Description |
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|--------|------|-------------|
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| reading_id | string | Unique row identifier (R000000–R049999) |
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| timestamp | datetime | Reading timestamp at 1-minute intervals starting 2024-01-01 |
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| equipment_id | string | Equipment unit identifier (EQ-001 through EQ-005) |
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| operating_mode | string | Current mode: startup, normal, high_load, cooldown, idle |
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| temperature_c | float | Main bearing temperature in Celsius |
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| vibration_mm_s | float | Vibration velocity in mm/s |
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| pressure_kpa | float | System pressure in kilopascals |
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| motor_rpm | float | Motor rotational speed |
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| flow_rate_lpm | float | Coolant/fluid flow rate in liters per minute |
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| power_consumption_kw | float | Electrical power draw in kilowatts |
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| coolant_temp_c | float | Coolant outlet temperature in Celsius (lags main temp) |
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| acoustic_level_db | float | Acoustic emission level in decibels |
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| oil_viscosity_cst | float | Lubricant viscosity in centistokes |
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| humidity_pct | float | Ambient humidity percentage |
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| ambient_temp_c | float | Ambient environmental temperature in Celsius |
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| equipment_age_hours | float | Cumulative operating hours of the equipment |
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| hours_since_maintenance | float | Hours elapsed since last maintenance event |
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| is_anomaly | int | Target label: 1 = anomalous, 0 = normal |
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| anomaly_type | string | Anomaly category: normal, thermal_runaway, bearing_degradation, pressure_leak, sensor_malfunction |
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| rolling_anomaly_rate | float | ⚠️ LEAKAGE — Rolling mean of is_anomaly with centered window |
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| maintenance_priority_score | float | ⚠️ LEAKAGE — Score assigned post-hoc based on anomaly status |
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| alert_code | string | ⚠️ LEAKAGE — Alert category derived from anomaly_type with noise |
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## Generation Script
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The dataset was generated with the included `generate_data.py` script using fixed random seeds for full reproducibility. Running the script produces an identical `data.csv`.
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## License
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MIT — free for any use.
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