{"original_question": "Can losartan reduce brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease?", "id": "converted_0", "sentence1": "Can losartan reduce brain atrophy in ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: 12 months of treatment with losartan was well tolerated but was not effective in reducing the rate of brain atrophy in individuals with clinically diagnosed mild-to-moderate ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1.[SEP]Relations: Losartan has relations: drug_effect with Memory impairment, drug_effect with Memory impairment, drug_effect with Arthritis, drug_effect with Arthritis, drug_effect with Arrhythmia, drug_effect with Arrhythmia, drug_drug with Atropine, drug_drug with Atropine, drug_effect with Arthralgia, drug_effect with Arthralgia. Definitions: ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1 defined as following: ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1 caused by mutation(s) in the APP gene, encoding amyloid-beta A4 protein. The onset of this condition typically occurs before age 65.. losartan defined as following: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is PRP-40 regulation of microexons a conserved phenomenon?", "id": "converted_6", "sentence1": "Is PRP-40 regulation of microexons a conserved phenomenon?", "sentence2": "PRP-40 regulation of neuronal microexons is therefore a widely conserved phenomenon.[SEP]", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is casimersen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "id": "converted_7", "sentence1": "Is casimersen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "sentence2": "Casimersen received its first approval on 25\u00a0February 2021, in the USA, for the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne in patients who have a confirmed Mutation Abnormality of the Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene that is amenable to exon\u00a045 skipping. , he approval, granted under the US FDA Accelerated Approval Program, was based on an observed increase in Dystrophin production in Specimen Source Codes - Skeletal muscle in patients treated with casimersen[SEP]Relations: Duchenne muscular dystrophy has relations: contraindication with Isoflurane, contraindication with Isoflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane, contraindication with Succinylcholine, contraindication with Succinylcholine. Definitions: Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). Dystrophin defined as following: A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack Dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have Dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of Dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene defined as following: This gene is involved in muscle development.. Mutation Abnormality defined as following: Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of Mutation Abnormality range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including cancer.. Duchenne muscular dystrophy defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is medical hydrology the same as Spa therapy?", "id": "converted_9", "sentence1": "Is medical hydrology the same as Spa therapy?", "sentence2": "hydrotherapy,\" \"balneotherapy,\" \"spa therapy,\" \"spa treatment,\" \"creno-balneotherapy,\" \"Water - Specimen Source Codes treatments,\" and \"aqua therapy,\" o, Spa therapy is an integral part of the treatment of burn scars. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the spa therapy used in the treatment of burn scars and analyze its effects reported in clinical studies. We used the PRISMA checklist and queried 8 scientific databases from August 2019 to July 2020 for articles referenced with the specific key words: (burn) AND ((spa) OR (crenotherap*) OR (sulfur bath) OR (balneo*) OR (hydrotherap*) OR (mineral Water - Specimen Source Codes) OR (thermal Water - Specimen Source Codes) OR (spring Water - Specimen Source Codes) OR (health resort medicine)), Soon after qualification, Fortescue Fox (1858-1940) began practice in a Scottish spa where he acquired a lifelong interest in Chronic disease, especially Arthritis. He worked to improve the status of spa medicine, recasting it as medical hydrology, He worked to improve the status of spa medicine, recasting it as medical hydrology.,  He worked to improve the status of spa medicine, recasting it as medical hydrology.[SEP]Relations: Arthritis has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with hereditary spastic paraplegia, disease_phenotype_positive with hereditary spastic paraplegia, drug_effect with Hydrochlorothiazide, drug_effect with Hydrochlorothiazide, disease_phenotype_positive with toxic shock syndrome, disease_phenotype_positive with toxic shock syndrome, disease_phenotype_positive with graft versus host disease, disease_phenotype_positive with graft versus host disease. Chronic lung disease has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with Bloom syndrome, disease_phenotype_positive with Bloom syndrome. Definitions: sulfur defined as following: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.. mineral Water - Specimen Source Codes defined as following: Water naturally or artificially infused with mineral salts or gases.. Chronic disease defined as following: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).. Arthritis defined as following: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is eteplirsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "id": "converted_11", "sentence1": "Is eteplirsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "sentence2": "Eteplirsen-treated patients experienced a statistically significant longer median time to LOA by 2.09 years (5.09 vs. 3.00 years, p\u200a<\u200a0.01) and significantly attenuated rates of pulmonary decline vs. natural history patients (FVC%p change: -3.3 vs. -6.0 percentage points annually, p\u200a<\u200a0.0001)., At Years 3 and 4, eteplirsen-treated patients demonstrated markedly greater mean 6MWT than controls (difference in change from baseline of 132 m [95%CI (29, 235), p\u200a=\u200a0.015] at Year 3 and 159\u200am [95%CI (66, 253), p\u200a=\u200a0.002] at Year 4), At Year 4, a significantly greater proportion of eteplirsen-treated patients were still ambulant versus controls (10/12 vs 3/11; p\u200a=\u200a0.020),  In this retrospective matched control study, eteplirsen treatment resulted in attenuation of ambulatory decline over a 4-year observation period, supporting long-term benefit in patients with Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne.[SEP]Relations: Duchenne muscular dystrophy has relations: contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Isoflurane, contraindication with Isoflurane, contraindication with Trandolapril, contraindication with Trandolapril, contraindication with Succinylcholine, contraindication with Succinylcholine. Definitions: Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). Duchenne muscular dystrophy defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Does CIDEB mutation protect from liver disease?", "id": "converted_16", "sentence1": "Does CIDEB protein, human mutation protect from liver disease?", "sentence2": "Germline Mutations in CIDEB protein, human protein, human and Protection against Hepatobiliary Disorder., We also found that Variant in CIDEB protein, human protein, human, which encodes a Structural protein found in hepatic lipid droplets, had a protective effect. , CONCLUSIONS: Rare germline mutations in CIDEB protein, human protein, human conferred substantial protection from liver disease.[SEP]Relations: hepatobiliary disease has relations: disease_disease with liver disease, disease_disease with liver disease, disease_disease with gallbladder disease, disease_disease with gallbladder disease, disease_disease with digestive system disease, disease_disease with digestive system disease, disease_disease with biliary tract disease, disease_disease with biliary tract disease. Protein S human has relations: drug_drug with Dasatinib, drug_drug with Dasatinib. Definitions: Variant defined as following: An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.. CIDEB protein, human defined as following: Cell death activator CIDE-B (219 aa, ~25 kDa) is encoded by the human CIDEB protein, human gene. This protein is involved in apoptosis and hepatitis C viral infection.. Structural protein defined as following: Proteins whose major function is to give shape and support to tissues, cells, and subcellular structures.. Hepatobiliary Disorder defined as following: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.. liver disease defined as following: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is North Star Ambulatory Assessment score a reliable clinical outcome for disease progression assessment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?", "id": "converted_19", "sentence1": "Is North Star Ambulatory Assessment score a reliable clinical outcome for disease progression assessment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?", "sentence2": "The results showed a significant difference in the North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification score between the Gene Deletion Abnormality and nonsense groups at the age of 3 years (P\u2009=\u20090.04)., The boys were evaluated with standardized assessments at the screening and baseline visits at 32 Site in 5 countries (US, UK, Canada, Italy, Germany). Assessments included timed rise from Floor (anatomic), timed 10\u202fm walk/run, six-minute walk distance, North Star Ambulatory Assessment (North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Mean age at baseline was 5.9 years (range 4.1-8.1 years). Test-retest reliability was high for functional assessments, regardless of time lag between assessments (up to 90 days) and for the majority of age groups. Correlations were strong among the functional measures and timed tests, less so with FVC., The North Star Ambulatory Assessment (North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification) is a validated 17-item functional rating scale and widely used to assess motor function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne)., hese exploratory analyses reveal additional approaches to interpreting the North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification data beyond just change in North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification total score. These observations also highlight the importance of reporting items as \"not obtainable\" for a patient with a temporary/transient physical disability that impacts their ability to perform the North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification test., measurement. All analyses were performed using the Rasch Unidimensional Measurement Model.RESULTS: Overall, Rasch analysis supported the North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification as being a reliable (high Person Separation Index of 0.91) and valid (good targeting, little misfit, no reversed thresholds) measure of ambul, We hypothesised that boys with Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne could be clustered into groups sharing similar trajectories of ambulatory function over time, as measured by the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification) total score., INTRODUCTION: The North Star Ambulatory Assessment (North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification) tool is a key instrument for measuring clinical outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dy, The North Star Ambulatory Assessment is a functional scale specifically designed for ambulant boys affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne).,  North Star Ambulatory Assessment in Brazilian Portuguese is a reliable and valid instrument to measure functional capacity in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy., Functional variability among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne) is well recognised and complicates interpretation of clinical studies. We hypothesised that boys with Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne could be clustered into groups sharing similar trajectories of ambulatory function over time, as measured by the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification) total score.[SEP]Relations: Duchenne muscular dystrophy has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with Muscular dystrophy, disease_phenotype_positive with Muscular dystrophy, disease_phenotype_positive with Hypoventilation, disease_phenotype_positive with Hypoventilation, disease_phenotype_positive with Arrhythmia, disease_phenotype_positive with Arrhythmia, disease_phenotype_positive with Skeletal muscle atrophy, disease_phenotype_positive with Skeletal muscle atrophy, disease_phenotype_positive with Elevated serum creatine kinase, disease_phenotype_positive with Elevated serum creatine kinase. Definitions: Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). North Star Ambulatory Assessment Clinical Classification defined as following: A standardized 17-item scale that was developed by Elaine Scott and Michelle Eagle in 2011 to measure functional motor ability in ambulant children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The instrument, which is partly based on the Hammersmith Motor Ability Scale (2003), utilizes a 3-point rating scale to grade activities ranging from standing to running, as well as abilities that are necessary for a patient to remain functionally ambulant and that are known to progressively deteriorate in untreated Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne.. Floor (anatomic) defined as following: The lower inner surface of an open space or hollow organ.. Site defined as following: A position in relation to its surroundings..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Have chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies been approved for the treatment of B cell malignancies?", "id": "converted_22", "sentence1": "Have chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies been approved for the treatment of B cell malignancies?", "sentence2": "Engineered Therapeutic gamma delta T-lymphocytes have achieved success in the treatment of Hematologic Neoplasms, with four chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies now approved for the treatment of B cell malignancies based on their unprecedented efficacy in clinical trials. [SEP]Relations: Hematological neoplasm has relations: drug_effect with Busulfan, drug_effect with Busulfan, drug_effect with Imatinib, drug_effect with Imatinib, phenotype_phenotype with Malignant eosinophil proliferation, phenotype_phenotype with Malignant eosinophil proliferation, drug_effect with Teniposide, drug_effect with Teniposide, disease_phenotype_positive with cancer-associated retinopathy, disease_phenotype_positive with cancer-associated retinopathy. Definitions: Therapeutic gamma delta T-lymphocytes defined as following: A subset of therapeutic autologous T-lymphocytes that express a T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of one gamma chain and one delta chain, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the therapeutic gamma delta T-lymphocytes, these cells secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-g), and exert direct killing of tumor cells. In addition, these cells activate the immune system to exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells. Gamma delta T-lymphocytes play a key role in the activation of the immune system and do not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mediated antigen presentation to exert their cytotoxic effect.. Hematologic Neoplasms defined as following: Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is golodirsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "id": "converted_23", "sentence1": "Is golodirsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "sentence2": "Golodirsen is a provisionally approved PMO-based drug for approx. 8% of all Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne patients amenable to exon 53 skipping. , This article summarizes the milestones in the development of golodirsen leading to this first approval for Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne., n December 2019, intravenous golodirsen received its first global approval in the USA for the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne in patients with a confirmed Mutation Abnormality of the Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene that is amenable to exon 53 skipping, based on positive results from a phase I/II clinical trial, To date, four PMOs, including eteplirsen, casimersen, viltolarsen, and golodirsen, have been conditionally approved by the FDA for the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne., Golodirsen increased dystrophin protein (16.0-fold; P\u2009<\u20090.001) and exon skipping (28.9-fold; P\u2009<\u20090.001)., This study provides evidence for golodirsen biologic activity and long-term safety in a declining Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne population and suggests functional benefit versus external controls. [SEP]Relations: Duchenne muscular dystrophy has relations: contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Trandolapril, contraindication with Trandolapril, contraindication with Isoflurane, contraindication with Isoflurane. Definitions: Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). Mutation Abnormality defined as following: Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of Mutation Abnormality range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including cancer.. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene defined as following: This gene is involved in muscle development.. Duchenne muscular dystrophy defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is Baricitinib effective for Alopecia Areata?", "id": "converted_24", "sentence1": "Is Baricitinib effective for Alopecia Areata?", "sentence2": "Thus far, it has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatoid Arthritis); however, an increasing number of studies have suggested that baricitinib can be used to treat dermatological diseases, such as Dermatitis, Atopic (cytarabine/daunorubicin protocol), Psoriasis, VITILIGO-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (finding), and Alopecia Areata. , We reviewed the application, efficacy, side effects, precautions, limitations and prospect of baricitinib in Dermatitis, Atopic, Psoriasis, VITILIGO-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (finding) and Alopecia Areata (SVEINSSON CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY) in recent 5 years including clinical trials and case reports. , Two Phase 3 Trials of Baricitinib for Alopecia Areata., CONCLUSIONS: In two phase 3 trials involving patients with severe Alopecia Areata, oral baricitinib was superior to placebo with respect to hair regrowth at 36 weeks. [SEP]Relations: Baricitinib has relations: drug_drug with Aprepitant, drug_drug with Aprepitant, drug_drug with Carbidopa, drug_drug with Carbidopa, drug_drug with Acarbose, drug_drug with Acarbose, drug_drug with Suxibuzone, drug_drug with Suxibuzone, drug_drug with Alpelisib, drug_drug with Alpelisib. Definitions: baricitinib defined as following: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK1/2), with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, baricitinib binds to JAK1/2, which inhibits JAK1/2 activation and leads to the inhibition of the JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. This decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines and may prevent an inflammatory response. In addition, baricitinib may induce apoptosis and reduce proliferation of JAK1/2-expressing tumor cells. JAK kinases are intracellular enzymes involved in cytokine signaling, inflammation, immune function and hematopoiesis; they are also upregulated and/or mutated in various tumor cell types.. Dermatitis, Atopic defined as following: A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.. Rheumatoid Arthritis defined as following: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.. Psoriasis defined as following: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in Psoriasis.. Alopecia Areata defined as following: Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.. SVEINSSON CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY defined as following: A rare autosomal dominant inherited chorioretinal degenerative disease presenting at birth or during infancy. The disease has characteristics of progressive bilateral retinal and choroidal atrophy which appears as lesions on the optic nerve and peripheral ocular fundus and leads to loss of central vision. Congenital anterior polar cataracts are sometimes associated with this disease. There is evidence this disease is caused by heterozygous mutation in the TEA domain family member-1 gene (TEAD1) on chromosome 11p15..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Anemia is not associated with chronic kidney failure", "id": "converted_25", "sentence1": "Anemia is not associated with chronic kidney failure", "sentence2": "This study was to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa injection replacing epoetin alfa injection (recombinant human Recombinant Erythropoietin injection, rHuEPO) for the treatment of Genus Anemia associated with chronic kidney failure, Anemia is a common manifestation ofa chronic kidney failure. , The hormone deficiency that underlies Genus Anemia in chronic kidney failure can now be corrected, We call this interrelationship between congestive Congestive Congestive heart failure, Chronic Kidney Insufficiency, and Genus Anemia the Cardio-Renal Anemia syndrome., Anemia is a major problem in patients with Chronic Kidney Insufficiency., Correction of the Genus Anemia with Recombinant Erythropoietin and intravenous Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation led to a marked improvement in patients' functional status and their cardiac function, and to a marked fall in the need for hospitalization and for high-dose diuretics; renal function usually improved or at least stabilized., The Genus Anemia is very often associated with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases)., The role of Genus Anemia in congestive Congestive Congestive heart failure and Chronic Kidney Insufficiency: the cardio renal Genus Anemia syndrome., While Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency is often stated as a cause of Genus Anemia in Kidney Failure, Chronic prior to end-stage renal disease, its relative contribution is debated., Anemia in Kidney Failure, Chronic is predominantly caused by diminished Recombinant Erythropoietin synthesis by diseased Both Both kidneys., We infer that impaired utilization of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation may be a significant factor in the Genus Anemia of Kidney Failure, Chronic., BACKGROUND: Kidney Failure causes Genus Anemia and is associated with a very high risk of coronary heart di, BACKGROUND: Kidney Failure is known to cause Genus Anemia, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiac failure an, The correction of Genus Anemia in patients with the combination of chronic kidney disease and congestive Congestive Congestive heart failure may prevent progression of both conditions., BACKGROUND: Anemia, a common complication of chronic kidney disease, usually develops as a consequence of Recombinant Erythropoietin, In patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases, Genus Anemia is often caused by decreased Recombinant Erythropoietin production relative to hemoglobin levels., Clearly more work is needed to clarify the relationship between Genus Anemia, Chronic Kidney Diseases and CHF., Use of Epogen for treatment of Genus Anemia associated with Kidney Failure, Chronic.,  Heart failure, Genus Anemia and Kidney Failure, Chronic are mutually related., Uremic Toxins Affect Erythropoiesis during the Course of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review.,  Partial, but not complete, correction of Genus Anemia is associated with improved outcomes in patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases.,  The high prevalence of Genus Anemia in chronic kidney disease is explained by a combination of Recombinant Erythropoietin and Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency.,  Many advanced chronic kidney disease patients have both Genus Anemia and chronic Congestive Congestive heart failure.,  In conclusion, Genus Anemia is associated with a rapid decrease in kidney function in patients with Congestive Congestive heart failure, particularly in those with underlying Chronic Kidney Diseases.,  This analysis was conducted to evaluate whether Genus Anemia is a risk factor for kidney function decrease in patients with Congestive Congestive heart failure., Anemia as a risk factor for kidney function decline in individuals with Congestive Congestive heart failure., End stage renal disease (ESRD) invariably leads to Genus Anemia which has been mainly attributed to compromised release of Recombinant Erythropoietin from the defective Both Both kidneys with subsequent impairment of erythropoiesis., Chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) is a widespread health problem in the world and anaemia of renal origin is a common problem., Anemia is the most common Hematologic complication in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is ascribed to decreased Recombinant Erythropoietin production, shortened Erythrocytes (RBC) lifespan, and Inflammation., Anemia is one of the most characteristic and visable manifestations of Kidney Failure, Chronic. Investigators in the past decade have provided a better understanding of this Genus Anemia. The etiology of the Genus Anemia of Kidney Failure, Chronic has three facets: first is reduced Recombinant Erythropoietin production by damaged Both Both kidneys; second is the presence of inhibitors to Erythrocytes (RBC) production in uremic serum; and third is Erythrocytes hemolysis., Cardiovascular Diseases remains the major cause of mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathophysiology of Cardiac dysfunction in ESRD is complex and not fully understood. However, it appears that the two major determinants of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction are Genus Anemia and Hypertensive disease, both of which are very common in ESRD patients., LCN2 wt Allele, also known as Lipocalin-2, is a stress protein located on the Cell surface that is known for its involvement in Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation transport. This study is aimed to evaluate the correlation between the Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation profile and LCN2 wt Allele concentration in serum among chronic kidney disease patients under dialysis in order to find its diagnostic value with regards to Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency anaemia (Inosine Dialdehyde).[SEP]Relations: kidney failure has relations: disease_disease with uremia, disease_disease with uremia, disease_disease with uremia, disease_disease with uremia, disease_disease with acute kidney failure, disease_disease with acute kidney failure, disease_disease with acute kidney failure, disease_disease with acute kidney failure, disease_disease with kidney disease, disease_disease with kidney disease. Definitions: Chronic Kidney Diseases defined as following: Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months.. Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation defined as following: homeopathic drug. Inflammation defined as following: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.. Kidney Failure, Chronic defined as following: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.. Cell surface defined as following: The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm]. Lipocalin-2 defined as following: A lipocalin of approximately 200 amino acids that functions as an Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation transporter and is expressed by cells of BONE MARROW and many other cells with secretory functions. It is involved in APOPTOSIS and may function to limit pathogenic bacterial growth as part of the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE.. Congestive heart failure defined as following: Heart failure accompanied by EDEMA, such as swelling of the legs and ankles and congestion in the lungs.. Anemia defined as following: A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.. Chronic Kidney Insufficiency defined as following: Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). Inosine Dialdehyde defined as following: A toxic purine analogue. Inosine dialdehyde inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in decreased synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. This agent also forms stable covalent crosslinks in proteins, thereby inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis. (NCI04). Recombinant Erythropoietin defined as following: A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein Recombinant Erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible. (NCI04). Erythrocytes defined as following: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.. LCN2 wt Allele defined as following: Human LCN2 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 9q34 and is approximately 5 kb in length. This allele, which encodes neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein, may be involved in both the modulation of Inflammation and the regulation of the transport of hydrophobic substances (ie. retinol, lipopolysaccharide). The expression of this gene may be elevated in many cancers and inflammatory diseases.. Cardiovascular Diseases defined as following: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.. Hypertensive disease defined as following: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), Hypertensive disease is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.. Kidney Failure defined as following: A severe irreversible decline in the ability of Both kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.. chronic kidney failure defined as following: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is deflazacort more efficient than prednisone/prednisolone for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "id": "converted_27", "sentence1": "Is deflazacort more efficient than prednisone/prednisolone for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "sentence2": "Both daily prednisone and daily deflazacort were more effective than intermittent prednisone for the primary outcome (P\u2009<\u2009.001 for daily prednisone vs intermittent prednisone using a global test; P\u2009=\u2009.017 for daily deflazacort vs intermittent prednisone using a global test), Among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, treatment with daily prednisone or daily deflazacort, compared with intermittent prednisone alternating 10 days on and 10 days off, resulted in significant improvement over 3 years in a composite outcome comprising measures of motor function, pulmonary function, and satisfaction with treatment, deflazacort and prednisone/prednisolone are the current standard of care for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne) based on evidence that they improve muscle strength, improve timed motor function, delay loss of ambulation, improve pulmonary function, reduce the need for scoliosis surgery, delay onset of Cardiomyopathies, and increase survival., Evidence from randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, meta-analyses, and post-hoc analyses suggests that patients receiving deflazacort experience similar or slower rates of functional decline compared with those receiving prednisone/prednisolone. , Though deflazacort and prednisone improve clinical endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne) patients, deflazacort produces fewer side effects.,  trial. Both daily prednisone and daily deflazacort were more effective than intermittent prednisone for the primary outcome (P\u2009<\u2009.001 for daily predn[SEP]Relations: deflazacort has relations: drug_drug with Prednisolone, drug_drug with Prednisolone, drug_drug with Prednisone, drug_drug with Prednisone, drug_drug with Prednylidene, drug_drug with Prednylidene, drug_drug with Fluprednisolone, drug_drug with Fluprednisolone. Prednisone has relations: drug_drug with deflazacort, drug_drug with deflazacort. Definitions: prednisone defined as following: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. Cardiomyopathies defined as following: A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).. deflazacort defined as following: A synthetic glucocorticoid prodrug, with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon administration, the active metabolite of deflazacort, 21-desacetyl deflazacort, binds to and activates tissue glucocorticoid receptors. This results in the inhibition of specific leukocyte functions and the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, Cardiomyopathies (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). deflazacort defined as following: A synthetic glucocorticoid prodrug, with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon administration, the active metabolite of deflazacort, 21-desacetyl deflazacort, binds to and activates tissue glucocorticoid receptors. This results in the inhibition of specific leukocyte functions and the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.. Duchenne muscular dystrophy defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, Cardiomyopathies (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is anaphylaxis a results of mast cell activation?", "id": "converted_29", "sentence1": "Is anaphylaxis a results of mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation?", "sentence2": "Mast Cells are important Effector B Cells in allergic inflammatory reactions. The aggregation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on the Surface of mast \"U\" lymphocyte initiates a complex cascade of signaling events that ultimately leads to the release of various mediators involved in allergic inflammation and anaphylactic reactions, During the IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction mast \"U\" lymphocyte release proteases such as TRYPTASE, histamine and vasoactive mediators, histamine and other deleterious inflammatory mediators promote vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction; they are readily released from sensitized mast \"U\" lymphocyte and Basophil Specimen Code challenged with antigen. Anaphylaxis may be triggered by a variety of antigens including insect and reptile venom, a variety of drugs, vaccines, and food, Earlier mast \"U\" lymphocyte were only known for their important role in the type 1 allergic reactions (i.e. anaphylaxis or some contact hypersensitivity reactions) , Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation., In IgE-dependent and other examples of anaphylaxis, tissue mast \"U\" lymphocyte and circulating basophilic granulocytes (Basophil Specimen Code) are thought to represent major (if not the major) sources of the biologically active mediators that contribute to the pathology and, in unfortunate individuals, fatal outcome, of anaphylaxis., Mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation syndromes presenting as anaphylaxis., PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation syndrome (MCAS) and anaphylaxis are the result of a spontaneous or triggered pathological degranulation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte (Mast-Cell Sarcoma) and might have as substrate normal or pathological Mast-Cell Sarcoma (increased burden, aberrant Mast-Cell Sarcoma or both).RECENT FINDINGS: This review summarizes the most recent evidence on Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and non IgE-mediated mechanisms underlying millicoulomb activation and degranulation and highlights the importance of standa, Elevated mast \"U\" lymphocyte mediators such as TRYPTASE and histamine have been reported during episodes, and mast \"U\" lymphocyte are considered the primary Cells responsible for driving anaphylaxis in Homo sapiens., In this chapter, we will describe the mechanisms of mast \"U\" lymphocyte (and Segmented Segmented basophil) activation in anaphylaxis, with a focus on IgE-dependent activation, which is thought to be responsible for most examples of antigen-induced anaphylaxis in Homo sapiens., Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from the sudden release of mast \"U\" lymphocyte- and Segmented Segmented basophil-derived mediators into the circulation., Some usual clinical manifestations in anaphylaxis, such as Angioedema or Hypotension, or other less common, such as Metrorrhagia, may be explained by the direct effect of the activation of the coagulation and contact system driven by mast \"U\" lymphocyte mediators., Idiopathic anaphylaxis involves mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation (acutely elevated urine histamine or serum TRYPTASE) and activated lymphocytes., When there is activation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte and Basophil Specimen Code in anaphylaxis, chemical mediators are detectable., Systemic anaphylaxis arises when mast \"U\" lymphocyte, possibly along with other \"U\" lymphocyte types, are provoked to secrete mediators that evoke a systemic response., Anaphylaxis results from the massive activation of the mast \"U\" lymphocyte (Mast-Cell Sarcoma)., Human mast \"U\" lymphocyte, by elaborating vasoactive mediators and Recombinant Cytokines, are the primary Effector B Cells of anaphylaxis.,  Although the mast \"U\" lymphocyte is considered the major effector \"U\" lymphocyte during acute allergic reactions, more recent studies indicate a potentially important and specific role for Basophil Specimen Code and their migration which occurs rapidly upon allergen challenge in Homo sapiens undergoing anaphylaxis., Acute anaphylaxis to small molecule drugs is largely considered to be antibody-mediated with immunogloblin E (IgE) and mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation being key., Anaphylactic Degranulation of Mast Cells: Focus on Compound Exocytosis., Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: A Form of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.,  A precondition for the unfolding of the anaphylactic shock is the secretion of inflammatory mediators from mast \"U\" lymphocyte in response to an allergen, mostly through activation of the Cells via the IgE-dependent pathway.,  Beyond IgE-mediated activation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte/Basophil Specimen Code, further mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of anaphylaxis.,  When there is activation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte and Basophil Specimen Code in anaphylaxis, chemical mediators are detectable., Extensive activation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte is the major switch that triggers systemic anaphylaxis, resulting in the subsequent release of anaphylactic mediators into circulation., ed in the amplification of the mast \"U\" lymphocyte response during anaphylaxis are unclear. Mouse models of anaphylaxis demonstrate the critical involvement of , phylaxis in 22-49%. In addition, monoclonal mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation syndrome has been described presenting with anaphylaxis, especially in patients with , ol subjects. The severity of anaphylaxis was associated with mast \"U\" lymphocyte degranulation, increased plasma heparin, porcine, porcine levels, the intensity of contact system,  types. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the mast \"U\" lymphocyte to utilize fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether exocytosis during anaphylaxis, the conflicting evidence in diff, w clinical entities, such as the \u03b1-gal anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis results from the massive activation of the mast \"U\" lymphocyte (Mast-Cell Sarcoma). Thus, it is also necessar, ted that mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation and anaphylaxis are negatively regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases). However, little is known about the RELA protein, human, s not affected. Calcium-independent early activation events in mast \"U\" lymphocyte anaphylaxis indicated on inhibitory influence of PK-treatment. Inhibition of , phylaxis in 22-49%. In addition, monoclonal mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation syndrome has been described presenting with anaphylaxis, especially in patients with hymenopter, ol subjects. The severity of anaphylaxis was associated with mast \"U\" lymphocyte degranulation, increased plasma heparin, porcine, porcine levels, the intensity of contact system activation, and bradykin,  types. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the mast \"U\" lymphocyte to utilize fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether exocytosis during anaphylaxis, the conflicting evidence in different mast \"U\" lymphocyte models, and the open questions in the field which remain to be a, arepsilonRI) on mast \"U\" lymphocyte. However, the regulatory mechanism of mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation i, s not affected. Calcium-independent early activation events in mast \"U\" lymphocyte anaphylaxis indicated on inhibitory influence , r, ANGPT1 protein, human's function in mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation and anaphylaxis diseases is unknown. The results of our study suggest that ANGPT1 protein, human decreased lipopolysacchar, \u03b5RI-mediated mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation and anaphylaxis that were insensitive to U0126 or activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-\u03b2-4-ribofuranoside, suggesting that the suppression of Fc\u03b5RI signals by the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway relies largely on AMP-Activated Protein Kinases activation. ERK1/2 controlled AMP-Activated Protein Kinases activity by regulating its subcellul, Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation. In addition to IgE-mediated and physical triggers, it may occur with a clonal mast \"U\" lymphocyte, For half a century, it has been known that the mast \"U\" lymphocyte is the \"U\" lymphocyte responsible for the majority of anaphylactic events. Its mediators, taken as a whole, are capable of producing all of the clinical manifestations of these events., Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation. In addition to IgE-mediated and physical triggers, it may occur with a clonal Mast Cell Activation Disorders and in an idiopathic fashion without clear provoking factors., Anaphylaxis is a rapidly developing, life-threatening, generalized or systemic allergic reaction that is classically elicited by antigen crosslinking of antigen-specific IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc\u03b5RI on mast \"U\" lymphocyte and Basophil Specimen Code., Anaphylaxis is a rapidly evolving, acute, life-threatening reaction that occurs rapidly on contact with a trigger. Anaphylaxis is classically defined as an allergen-driven process that induces specific IgE and the activation of mast \"U\" lymphocyte and Basophil Specimen Code through the cross-linking of CD23 Antigen.[SEP]Relations: mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation involved in immune response, bioprocess_bioprocess with mast \"U\" lymphocyte activation involved in immune response, bioprocess_protein with NDRG1, bioprocess_protein with NDRG1, bioprocess_protein with CHGA, bioprocess_protein with CHGA, bioprocess_bioprocess with myeloid leukocyte activation, bioprocess_bioprocess with myeloid leukocyte activation. anaphylaxis has relations: disease_disease with exercise-induced anaphylaxis, disease_disease with exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Definitions: anaphylaxis defined as following: Progression of anaphylaxis into systemic shock, which is characterized by significant reduction in tissue perfusion which leads to hypoxia and Hypotension, and can lead to death if untreated.. mast \"U\" lymphocyte defined as following: Granulated Cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast \"U\" lymphocyte contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike Basophil Specimen Code, mast \"U\" lymphocyte normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast Cells, derived from the bone marrow stem Cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.. histamine defined as following: An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.. RELA protein, human defined as following: Transcription factor p65 (551 aa, ~60 kDa) is encoded by the human RELA gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of both signaling and gene expression.. ANGPT1 protein, human defined as following: Angiopoietin-1 (498 aa, ~58 kDa) is encoded by the human ANGPT1 gene. This protein is involved in both signal transduction and angiogenesis.. AMP-Activated Protein Kinases defined as following: Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.. Mast Cell Activation Disorders defined as following: A spectrum of primary, secondary, and idiopathic disorders involving MAST CELLS and characterized by an aberrant release of mast \"U\" lymphocyte mediators which result in multiple and variable inflammatory and allergic symptoms. These disorders are associated with various mutations in tyrosine kinase KIT (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT) and other genes, underlying conditions, and responses to allergic or non-allergic triggers of mast \"U\" lymphocyte stimulation and degranulation such as local anesthetics, lactam antibiotics, muscle relaxants, specific foods, environmental toxins, physical conditions such as vibration, cold, pressure, and stress.. Metrorrhagia defined as following: Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.. Idiopathic anaphylaxis defined as following: A rare form of anaphylaxis for which triggers cannot be identified despite a detailed history and careful diagnostic assessment. [PMID:28890861]. Immunoglobulin E defined as following: An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).. TRYPTASE defined as following: A family of neutral serine proteases with TRYPSIN-like activity. Tryptases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast \"U\" lymphocyte degranulation.. CD23 Antigen defined as following: Specific molecular sites on the Surface of B- and T-lymphocytes which combine with IgEs. Two subclasses exist: low affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RII) and high affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RI).. Hypotension defined as following: Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.. effector \"U\" lymphocyte defined as following: An immune \"U\" lymphocyte, usually a T- or B- lymphocyte, that is responding to an antigen exposure.. Mast-Cell Sarcoma defined as following: A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.. Surface defined as following: The extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object.. Homo sapiens defined as following: Members of the species Homo sapiens.. millicoulomb defined as following: unit of electric charge. Cells defined as following: The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.. Angioedema defined as following: Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is viltolarsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "id": "converted_31", "sentence1": "Is viltolarsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?", "sentence2": "viltolarsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (PMO) designed to skip exon 53 of the Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene\u00a0for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne), viltolarsen restores the Reading Frames (Nucleotide Sequence) of the Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene by skipping \u00a0exon 53\u00a0and produces a truncated but functional form of Dystrophin. , After showing hopeful results in pre-clinical trials and several clinical trials across North America and Japan, it received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne\u00a0in 2020., viltolarsen restores the Reading Frames (Nucleotide Sequence) of the Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene by skipping \u00a0exon 53\u00a0and produces a truncated but functional form of Dystrophin., ucleotide viltolarsen targets exon 53 of the Dystrophin gene, and could be an effective treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne)., esulting in an absence of functional Dystrophin protein. viltolarsen, an exon 53 skipping therapy, has been shown to increase endogenous Dystrophin levels. Herein, long-term (>2 years) functional outcomes in viltolarsen treated pati[SEP]Relations: Duchenne muscular dystrophy has relations: contraindication with Succinylcholine, contraindication with Succinylcholine, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Verapamil, contraindication with Verapamil, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Enflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane, contraindication with Sevoflurane. Definitions: Dystrophin defined as following: A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack Dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have Dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of Dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.. Reading Frames (Nucleotide Sequence) defined as following: The three possible sequences of CODONS by which GENETIC TRANSLATION may occur from one nucleotide sequence. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated as 5'AUC.. or 5'UCC.. or 5'CCG.., depending on the location of the START CODON.. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415). Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne gene defined as following: This gene is involved in muscle development.. Duchenne muscular dystrophy defined as following: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can the concept of digital twins be applied in Precision Nutrition?", "id": "converted_34", "sentence1": "Can the concept of digital twins be applied in Precision Nutrition?", "sentence2": "The \"Virtual Digital Twins\" Concept in Precision Nutrition, We herein discuss how genetic information combined with longitudinal metabolomic, immune, behavioral, and gut microbial parameters, and bioclinical variables could define a digital replica of oneself, a \"virtual digital twin,\" which could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner.[SEP]", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Based on clinical trial data, can pioglitazone delay cognitive impairment for people at risk for Alzheimer's disease?", "id": "converted_38", "sentence1": "Based on clinical trial data, can pioglitazone delay cognitive impairment for people at risk for Alzheimer's disease?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: pioglitazone did not delay the onset of mild cognitive impairment.[SEP]Relations: pioglitazone has relations: drug_effect with Sensory impairment, drug_effect with Sensory impairment, drug_effect with Visual impairment, drug_effect with Visual impairment, contraindication with Addison disease, contraindication with Addison disease, contraindication with X-linked intellectual disability with isolated growth hormone deficiency, contraindication with X-linked intellectual disability with isolated growth hormone deficiency, drug_effect with Respiratory distress, drug_effect with Respiratory distress. Definitions: pioglitazone defined as following: An orally-active thiazolidinedione with antidiabetic properties and potential antineoplastic activity. pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, thereby inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis. This agent also modulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes, inhibits macrophage and monocyte activation, and stimulates adipocyte differentiation.. Alzheimer's disease defined as following: Alzheimer's disease with an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Does silencing of SRRM4 promote microexon inclusion?", "id": "converted_40", "sentence1": "Does silencing of SRRM4 gene promote microexon inclusion?", "sentence2": "SRRM4 gene gene Expands the Repertoire of Circular RNAs by Regulating Microexon Inclusion., Overexpressing SRRM4 gene gene, known for regulating McKeown esophagectomy inclusion in mRNAs critical for neural differentiation, in Homo sapiens HEK293 cells resulted in the biogenesis of over 2000 novel McKeown esophagectomy-circRNAs, including McKeown esophagectomy-circEIF4G3, and changes in the abundance of many canonical circRNAs, including circSETDB2 and circLBRA. [SEP]Definitions: McKeown esophagectomy defined as following: A type of esophagectomy that involves a right thoracotomy, laparotomy, and left neck incision for creation of a cervical anastomosis. It is appropriate in patients with tumors located above the gastro-esophageal junction up to the level of the clavicles and is the preferred approach for locally advanced esophageal carcinomas.. Homo sapiens defined as following: Members of the species Homo sapiens..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is levosimendan effective for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?", "id": "converted_47", "sentence1": "Is levosimendan effective for AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: levosimendan was not superior to placebo in maintaining respiratory function in a broad population with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1. Although levosimendan was generally well tolerated, increased heart rate and headache occurred more frequently with levosimendan than with placebo., CONCLUSIONS: levosimendan did not achieve the primary endpoint of improving sitting SVC in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Headache and increased heart rate were increased on levosimendan, although it was otherwise well tolerated. [SEP]Relations: levosimendan has relations: drug_drug with Levodopa, drug_drug with Levodopa, drug_drug with Levofloxacin, drug_drug with Levofloxacin, drug_drug with Atropine, drug_drug with Atropine, drug_drug with Propofol, drug_drug with Propofol, drug_drug with Levamlodipine, drug_drug with Levamlodipine. Definitions: AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 defined as following: An inherited form of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1, usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, caused by mutation(s) in the SOD1 gene, encoding superoxide dismutase.. Headache defined as following: The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis defined as following: A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is Iron deficiency anemia a common complication of chronic kidney disease?", "id": "converted_54", "sentence1": "Is Iron deficiency Genus Anemia a common complication of chronic kidney disease?", "sentence2": "Intravenous Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation therapy is increasingly being used worldwide to treat Genus Anemia in chronic kidney disease and more recently Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency in Congestive Congestive heart failure.,  Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), either with or without Anemia. , Iron deficiency, both functional and absolute, is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), especially those requiring dialysis., Treatment with Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation preparations remains one of the main directions in the treatment of Genus Anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease., This work presents an update on the management of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency in patients with Kidney Failure, Chronic (corticotropin-releasing hormone), either with or without Anemia., ron replacement therapy in the management of Anemia in non-dialysis Kidney Failure, Chronic patients:, Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases)., Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease., BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency Genus Anemia (Inosine Dialdehyde) is a common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), affecting most patients on hemodialysis and imposing a substantial clin, Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) in predialysis stage., Anemia is a common and clinically important consequence of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases)., Among Chronic Kidney Diseases patients, absolute Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency is defined when the transferrin saturation (TSAT) is \u226420% and the serum Ferritin concentration is \u2264100 ng/mL among predialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients or \u2264200 ng/mL among hemodialysis patients., BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney di, Iron deficiency Genus Anemia (Inosine Dialdehyde) is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) and is associated with adverse outcomes in these patients., Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common complication in end-stage Kidney Diseases (ESRD) and impairs the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant erythropoietin., Anemia in Chronic Kidney Diseases is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality., BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency Genus Anemia and serum phosphate levels > 4.0mg/dL are relatively common in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 and are associated with higher risks of progressive loss of kidney function, Cardiovascular system events, and mortality.STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 149 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency Genus Anemia (Hemoglobin A1 (substance), 9.0-12.0 g/dL; transferrin saturation [TSAT]\u2264 30%, serum Ferritin \u2264 300 ng/, Anemia resulting from Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation and erythropoietin deficiencies is a common complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases)., Iron deficiency is common in individuals with chronic kidney disease and plays a major role in the development of Genus Anemia., Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common occurrence in patients with chronic kidney disease and many patients do not respond well to supplementation with oral Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation., However, the diagnosis of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation-deficiency Genus Anemia in Chronic Kidney Diseases patients is complicated by the relatively poor predictive ability of easily obtained routine serum Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation indices (eg, Ferritin and transferrin saturation) and more invasive gold standard measures of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency (eg, bone marrow Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation stores) or erythropoietic response to supplemental Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation., Iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease: potential role for intravenous Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation therapy independent of erythropoietin., Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is common in people with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) and its importance in supporting erythropoiesis is unquestioned especially in those patients treated with erythropoietin.,  Limited data suggest that Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease with Genus Anemia; this lack of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation can hinder the effectiveness of erythropoiesis., Anemia is a frequent complication of kidney disease., Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease., Severe Genus Anemia and Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency are common complications in chronic kidney disease., Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is common in people with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) and its importance in supporting erythropoiesis is unquestioned especiall, Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases). Chronic Kidney Diseases patients suffer from both absolute and functional Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency,  Diabetic Nephropathy is a leading cause of Chronic Kidney Diseases. One of the most common complications of Chronic Kidney Diseases is Genus Anemia, the frequency and severity of which increase a, Anemia is as a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, which gains in importance in the treatment of patients with renal diseas, Severe Genus Anemia and Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency are common complications in chronic kidney disease. The cause of renal Genus Anemia is multifactorial and includes decreas, Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), mainly due to inadequate renal production of erythropoietin. In hemodia, o Genus Anemia. The other cause of Genus Anemia is deficiency of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation. Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is common in people with Chronic Kidney Diseases and its importance in supporting erythr, Anemia is as a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, which gains in importance in the treatment of patients with Kidney Diseases.,  development and treat complications including Genus Anemia. Anemia is one of the common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), which is a significan, The diagnosis of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency Genus Anemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases is complicated due to the relatively low predictive ability of routine serum Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation markers (e.g., Ferritin and transferrin saturation) and more invasive measurements such as bone marrow Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation stores., Anemia is a frequent complication in chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), and it is often accompanied by various clinical symptoms. The primary cause of anem, Iron deficiency Genus Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases). Chronic Kidney Diseases patients suffer from both absolute and functional Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency., Anemia is a frequent complication during the later stages of chronic kidney disease., Anemia in chronic kidney disease is common and Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency is an important cause., Nemia in chronic kidney disease, Nemia is common and associated with adverse outcomes in children with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases, e treatment of Genus Anemia in chronic kidney disease., he prevalence of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency and its contribution to the Genus Anemia of end stage Kidney Diseases has been extensively studied, but much less is known about the role of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency in the pathogenesis of the Genus Anemia of chronic kidney disease in predialysis patients., Nemia in Kidney Diseases: diagnosis and manageme, Anemia is a very common clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients., Safety issues with intravenous Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation products in the management of Genus Anemia in chronic kidney disease.,  Deciding on the appropriate treatment for Genus Anemia associated with Chronic Kidney Diseases, Nemia in chronic kidney disease, Anemia in ESRD and Earlier Stages of Chronic Kidney Diseases,  Ferumoxytol for Anemia of Chronic Kidney Diseases Trial ,  Genus Anemia and reduction of serum phosphate in patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases, Chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) is a widespread health problem in the world and Genus Anemia is a common complication, Nemia in diabetic kidney disease - underappreciated but still clinically relevant proble, Anemia in children with chronic kidney disease, Nemia in children with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) is common secondary to inadequate erythropoietin production, echanisms of Genus Anemia in Chronic Kidney Diseases, Anemia is a common feature of Chronic Kidney Diseases associated with poor outcomes., he current management of patients with Genus Anemia in Chronic Kidney Diseases is controversial, with recent c, Here, we examine recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Genus Anemia of Chronic Kidney Diseases, Nemia of Inflammation with An Emphasis on Chronic Kidney Disease,  Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Nemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), and its prevalence has shown a tendency to increase in many countries., ythropoietin resistance in the treatment of the Genus Anemia of Kidney Failure, Chronic, esistance to erythropoietin therapy is a common complication of the modern management of Genus Anemia in chronic kidney disease, spectrum of Genus Anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease,  retrospective study was conducted over seven years and it aimed to find out various causes of Genus Anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases)., safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol therapy in anemic chronic kidney disease patients., options for the Genus Anemia of chronic kidney disease., Nemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, Urology and nephrology update: Genus Anemia of chronic kidney disease., Anemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) at all stages, and it is nearly universal among patients with stage 5 Chronic Kidney Diseases, Nemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: , Nemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases), and is associated with a reduced quality of life,, Anemia and its predictors among adult non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study., Anemia is an adverse outcome and common complication in chronic kidney disease patient, Prevalence of Malnutrition and absolute and functional Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency Genus Anemia in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis Algerian patients],  chronic kidney disease, Genus Anemia and Malnutrition coupled with inflammation as Malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrom are common and considered as morbidity-mortality factors, f Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Beyond Recombinant Recombinant Erythropoietin, Nemia is a frequent Comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Diseases) [SEP]Relations: Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency Genus Anemia has relations: disease_disease with nutritional deficiency disease, disease_disease with nutritional deficiency disease, disease_disease with nutritional deficiency disease, disease_disease with nutritional deficiency disease, disease_disease with hypochromic Genus Anemia, disease_disease with hypochromic Genus Anemia, disease_disease with hypochromic Genus Anemia, disease_disease with hypochromic Genus Anemia, disease_protein with TFRC, disease_protein with TFRC. Definitions: Chronic Kidney Diseases defined as following: Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months.. Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation defined as following: homeopathic drug. Inflammation defined as following: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.. Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency Genus Anemia defined as following: Anemia characterized by decreased or absent Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation stores, low serum Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low Hemoglobin A1 (substance) concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation binding capacity is increased.. Kidney Failure, Chronic defined as following: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.. Hemoglobin A1 (substance) defined as following: A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of Hemoglobin A1 (substance) subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of Hemoglobin A1 (substance) subunit beta (encoded by the HBB gene).. Ferritin defined as following: Iron-containing proteins that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their major function is to store IRON in a nontoxic bioavailable form. Each Ferritin molecule consists of ferric Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation in a hollow protein shell (APOFERRITINS) made of 24 subunits of various sequences depending on the species and tissue types.. Congestive heart failure defined as following: Heart failure accompanied by EDEMA, such as swelling of the legs and ankles and congestion in the lungs.. Kidney Diseases defined as following: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.. Diabetic Nephropathy defined as following: KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.. corticotropin-releasing hormone defined as following: A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.. Recombinant Erythropoietin defined as following: A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible. (NCI04). Malnutrition defined as following: An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.. Iron deficiency defined as following: Subnormal concentrations of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation resulting from low Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation intake, inefficient Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation loss.. Inosine Dialdehyde defined as following: A toxic purine analogue. Inosine dialdehyde inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in decreased synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. This agent also forms stable covalent crosslinks in proteins, thereby inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis. (NCI04). Cardiovascular system defined as following: The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.. Anemia defined as following: A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.. Comorbidity defined as following: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.. chronic kidney disease defined as following: Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can modulation of KCNQ1 splicing prevent arrhythmias?", "id": "converted_55", "sentence1": "Can modulation of KCNQ1 splicing prevent arrhythmias?", "sentence2": "amiloride regulates IKs and Adenosine Phosphosulfate with transmural differences and reduces arrhythmogenicity through the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing. We suggested that the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing may help prevent Cardiac Arrhythmia.[SEP]Relations: Arrhythmia has relations: drug_effect with Phenylbutyric acid, drug_effect with Phenylbutyric acid, drug_effect with Mycophenolic acid, drug_effect with Mycophenolic acid, drug_effect with Methoxsalen, drug_effect with Methoxsalen, drug_effect with Chloroquine, drug_effect with Chloroquine, drug_effect with Nadroparin, drug_effect with Nadroparin. Definitions: amiloride defined as following: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). Adenosine Phosphosulfate defined as following: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. Cardiac Arrhythmia defined as following: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.. arrhythmias defined as following: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is trichotillomania encountered with equali frequency in males and females?", "id": "converted_58", "sentence1": "Is trichotillomania encountered with equali frequency in males and females?", "sentence2": "The disease affects mainly female patients, who often deny the habit, and it usually presents with a bizarre pattern nonscarring patchy alopecia with short hair and a negative pull test. [SEP]Definitions: trichotillomania defined as following: Compulsion to pull out one's hair..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Does microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators have implication in central nervous system diseases?", "id": "converted_64", "sentence1": "Does microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators have implication in central nervous system diseases?", "sentence2": "Microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators: Implication in central nervous system diseases., We further discuss the emerging evidence for dysregulation of the Rho GTPase pathway in CNS diseases and the consequences contributed by the mis-splicing of microexons. [SEP]", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is prosopagnosia also known as lack of auditory recognition?", "id": "converted_69", "sentence1": "Is Prosopagnosia also known as lack of auditory recognition?", "sentence2": "Prosopagnosia is a visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces and to learn new faces, Prosopagnosia is a type of visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> with inability to identify faces, usually secondary to Head>Brain lesion in associative cortex areas, but there is also a congenital form known as developmental Prosopagnosia., These results indicate that, in some subjects with developmental Prosopagnosia, the face recognition Deficit is not an isolated impairment but is associated with deficits in other domains, such as auditory perception., Prosopagnosia (newton per square metre) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces., The apparent selectivity of Agnosia <Eukaryote> for faces is termed Prosopagnosia or face blindness., In recent years, Prosopagnosia is defined as the \"loss of ability to recognize the well-acquainted persons like the family members by their physiognomy.\", The patient is unable to recognize faces or cars, consistent with his Prosopagnosia and object Agnosia <Eukaryote>, respectively., Anecdotally, it has been reported that individuals with acquired Prosopagnosia compensate for their inability to recognize faces by using other person identity cues such as Hair Specimen, gait or the voice., Visual object Agnosia <Eukaryote> refers to the inability to recognize objects and Prosopagnosia to the failure to recognize faces that are well familiar to the patient, when stimuli are visually perceived., Since face recognition is the most powerful source of information for identifying familiar people, patients showing a multimodal defect in people recognition have been sometimes considered as affected by \"Prosopagnosia\"-namely, by a form of visual Agnosia <Eukaryote>, specifically affecting face recognition., Prosopagnosia is a selective visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> characterized by the inability to recognize the identity of faces., Prosopagnosia is a rare neurological sign, characterized by disturbance of recognition of faces., INTRODUCTION: The Prosopagnosia has generally been defined as an incapacity to recognize familiar faces, or faces previously known, due to certain Lesion to certain areas of the ce, Developmental Prosopagnosia (dipyridamole) is a condition characterised by lifelong face recognition difficulties., BACKGROUND: Developmental Prosopagnosia is a disorder of face recognition that is believed to reflect impairments of visual mechanisms. However, voice recognition has rarely been evaluated in developmental pro, Prosopagnosia is a selective impairment of the visual learning and recognition of faces.,  This rarely studied form of Prosopagnosia ensures that deficits are limited to face recognition., Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize someone by the face alone in the absence of sensory or intellectual impairment. In contrast to the acquire[SEP]Relations: Prosopagnosia (disease) has relations: disease_disease with Agnosia <Eukaryote>, disease_disease with Agnosia <Eukaryote>, disease_phenotype_positive with Agnosia, disease_phenotype_positive with Agnosia, disease_disease with Prosopagnosia, hereditary, disease_disease with Prosopagnosia, hereditary. associative visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> has relations: disease_disease with visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> (disease), disease_disease with visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> (disease), disease_disease with visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> (disease), disease_disease with visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> (disease). Definitions: newton per square metre defined as following: A SI derived unit of pressure equivalent to one newton per square meter or 10 bars or to 1.45x10E-4 pounds per square inch.. Prosopagnosia defined as following: The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. This visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> is most often associated with Lesion involving the junctional regions between the temporal and occipital lobes. The majority of cases are associated with bilateral Lesion, however unilateral damage to the right occipito-temporal cortex has also been associated with this condition. (From Cortex 1995 Jun;31(2):317-29).. dipyridamole defined as following: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). Lesion defined as following: A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part.. visual Agnosia <Eukaryote> defined as following: An inability to recognize or interpret objects by sight.. Deficit defined as following: A lack or deficiency..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Do cells undergoing necroptosis show disruption of their cell membranes?", "id": "converted_72", "sentence1": "Do Cells undergoing necroptosis show disruption of their cell membranes?", "sentence2": "Necroptosis is a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death that arises from disruption of cell membranes by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein) pseudokinase after its activation by the upstream kinases, receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3 protein, human protein, human, within a complex known as the necrosome, Thus, Cells undergoing necroptosis need to overcome these independent suppressive mechanisms before Plasma membrane disruption can occur., Taken together, these results confirm the active role of VLCFAs during necroptosis and point to multiple potential mechanisms of membrane disruption including direct permeabilization via bilayer disruption and permeabilization by targeting of Proteins to cellular membranes by fatty acylation., Necroptosis is a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death that arises from disruption of cell membranes by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein) pseudokinase after its activation by the upstream kinases, receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3 protein, human protein, human, within a complex known as the necrosome., Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death which results in loss of Plasma membrane integrity, release of Protoplasm contents, and an associated inflammatory response., Here, we show that, during necroptosis, Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein-dependent calcium (Ca2+) influx and phosphatidylserine (Supernumerary mandibular right central primary incisor) exposure on the outer leaflet of the Plasma membrane preceded loss of Tropical pyomyositis integrity., Membrane Device Device Disruption by Very Long Chain Fatty Acids during Necroptosis., The activation of mixed lineage kinase-like (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein) by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3 protein, human protein, human) results in Plasma membrane (Tropical pyomyositis) disruption and a form of\u00a0regulated Necrotic changes (finding), called necroptosis., Necroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that results from Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein-mediated disruption of the Cellular Membrane Device Device., Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is characterized by the loss of membrane integrity and release of Protoplasm contents, the execution of which depends on the membrane-disrupting activity of the Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein) upon its phosphorylation., Here we report that, following Injury of sciatic nerve, Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein, a pseudokinase known to Rupture cell membranes during necroptotic cell death, is induced and targets the Myelin Sheath sheath membrane of Schwann Cells to promote Myelin Sheath breakdown., Under conditions of necroptotic cell death, ESCRT-III controls the duration of Plasma membrane integrity., Necroptosis induction leads to Cellular Membrane Device Device disruption, Inflammation and vascularization.,  Both Necrotic changes (finding) and necroptosis show similar morphological features and are characterized by an increase in cell volume, Cellular Membrane Device Device permeabilization, and Rupture that lead to cellular demise.,  Thus, Cells undergoing necroptosis need to overcome these independent suppressive mechanisms before Plasma membrane disruption can occur., chanisms by which the essential, and possibly terminal, necroptotic effector, Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein, triggers the disruption of cellular membranes to cause cell lysis., uring necroptosis. We show that Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein and phosphoMLKL, key for membrane permeabilization, are exclusively acylated during necroptosis. Reducing the lev, anslocates to and disrupts the Plasma membrane, thereby causing necroptotic cell lysis. Herein, we show that activation of necroptosis in Mus sp. dermal, Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway triggered by activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3 protein, human protein, human), which phosphorylates and activates the mixed lineage kinase-like domain pseudokinase, Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein, to Rupture or permeabilize the Plasma membrane.,  non-inflammatory process while Necrotic changes (finding) triggers Inflammation. Recent studies on necroptosis and pyroptosis, two types of programmed Necrotic changes (finding), revealed that Plasma membrane Rupture is mediated by Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein channels during necroptosis but depen[SEP]Relations: Plasma membrane has relations: cellcomp_protein with NECAB2, cellcomp_protein with NECAB2, cellcomp_protein with NECTIN4, cellcomp_protein with NECTIN4, cellcomp_protein with NECTIN3, cellcomp_protein with NECTIN3. membrane has relations: cellcomp_protein with NECTIN1, cellcomp_protein with NECTIN1, cellcomp_protein with BEGAIN, cellcomp_protein with BEGAIN. Definitions: Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein defined as following: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (471 aa, ~54 kDa) is encoded by the human Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein gene. This protein is involved in tumor Necrotic changes (finding) factor-dependent necroptosis.. Proteins defined as following: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex Proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.. Schwann Cells defined as following: Neuroglial Cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating Myelin Sheath sheaths of peripheral axons.. RIPK3 protein, human defined as following: Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (518 aa, ~57 kDa) is encoded by the human RIPK3 protein, human gene. This protein plays a role in the induction of Necrotic changes (finding).. Plasma membrane defined as following: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cells.. Inflammation defined as following: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.. fatty acylation defined as following: covalent ligation of fatty acid and another molecule, usually via carboxylate condensation with a hydroxy or amino group; posttranslational fatty acylation of Proteins confers hydrophobicity important in membrane interactions.. Cellular Membrane Device defined as following: Any of the lipid bilayer membranes within a cell.. Supernumerary mandibular right central primary incisor defined as following: <p>Supernumerary mandibular right central primary incisor</p>. Cells defined as following: The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.. Membrane Device defined as following: A device that is made from or resembles a thin flexible sheet of material.. Necrotic changes (finding) defined as following: A finding indicating the presence of cellular Necrotic changes (finding) in a tissue specimen.. Protoplasm defined as following: The organized colloidal complex of organic and inorganic substances (as Proteins and water) that constitutes the living nucleus, cytoplasm, plastids, and mitochondria of the cell. It is composed mainly of nucleic acids, Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic salts.. Myelin Sheath defined as following: The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The Myelin Sheath sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial Cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.. Tropical pyomyositis defined as following: A suppurative infection of muscle.. phosphatidylserine defined as following: A phospholipid with a polar serine found in phosphoester linkage to diacylglycerol.. Rupture defined as following: Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.. cell membranes defined as following: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cells..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Are LOQ and LOD the same?", "id": "converted_76", "sentence1": "Are LOQ and LOD the same?", "sentence2": "The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ) , Missing values caused by the limit of detection or quantification (LOD/LOQ) were widely observed in mass spectrometry, Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) at 10 and 20\u2009ng/g were achieved,, The quantitative parameters of sensor for silver ion are determined as the limit of detection (LOD) 5.95\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-7 M, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) 1.98\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-8 M in the linear range, Real-time PCR (qPCR) is the principal technique for the quantification of pathogen biomass in host tissue, yet no generic methods exist for the determination of the limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) in qPCR., * Limit of Blank (LoB), Limit of Detection (LoD), and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) are terms used to describe the smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure., The linear range of glyoxylic acid concentration is 0-0.028\u2009M. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) are 0.0019\u2009M and 0.00577\u2009M, respectively., Results indicated that the dynamic ranges of three fur-bearing animals were all from 1% to 90%; the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for three fur-bearing animals were same, with LOD 0.1% (w/w) and LOQ 1% (w/w)., Limit of detection (LQD)/limit of quantitation (LOQ): comparison of the empirical and the statistical methods exemplified with GC-MS assays of abused drugs., The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.6 and 2.1 microg/L, respectively., tion is important for the analysis of Aflatoxins in hazelnuts. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important paramet, Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for UV detection are 1 and 2 mg/L, respectively., The limit of detection (LOD) for any analytical procedure, the point at which analysis is just feasible, may be determined by a statistical approach based on measuring replicate blank (negative) samples or by an empirical approach, consisting of measuring progressively more dilute concentrations of analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ), or concentration at which quantitative results can be reported with a high degree of confidence, may likewise be determined by either approach. We used both methods to determine LOD and LOQ for forensic gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses of abused drugs. The statistically determined LOD and LOQ values for these assays underestimated the LOD because of th[SEP]Relations: Glyoxylic acid has relations: drug_protein with SLC16A3, drug_protein with SLC16A3. Definitions: Aflatoxins defined as following: Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; Aflatoxins B2, Aflatoxins G1, Aflatoxins G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and Aflatoxins M2..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Do machine learning-based methods outperform statistical methods for survival analysis?", "id": "converted_84", "sentence1": "Do machine learning-based methods outperform statistical methods for survival analysis?", "sentence2": "Our results reveal that machine-learning-based models such as random survival forests, gradient boosted survival model, and survival support Cloning Vectors machine can outperform the traditional statistical methods, i.e., Cox proportional hazard model., DeepSurv models consistently outperformed CoxPH; both approaches performed best when provided with all the datasets. , This analysis revealed that survival analysis models outperformed binary classification models for risk assessment, and the performance of the survival analysis methods-Cox model regularized with ridge penalty (Cox-Ridge) and partial least squares (PLS) regression for Cox model (Cox-PLS)-were generally more robust than the other methods., Then, we demonstrate that the resulting method, referred to as ELMCoxBAR, can outperform some other state-of-art survival prediction methods such as Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 - or PPFIBP1 wt Allele -regularized Cox regression, random survival forest with various splitting rules, and boosted Cox model, in terms of its predictive performance using both simulated and real world datasets., Furthermore, machine learning approaches have been adapted for survival analysis, to fit nonlinear and complex interaction effects between predictors, and achieve more accurate prediction of individual survival probability.,  We review traditional survival methods and regularization methods, with various penalty functions, for the analysis of high-dimensional genomics, and describe machine learning techniques that have been adapted to survival analysis.,  Furthermore, although machine learning and data mining methods are based on statistics, most such techniques do not address the biologist's requirement for sound mathematical confidence measures., BACKGROUND: Machine learning-based risk prediction models may outperform traditional statistical models in large datasets with many variables, by identifying both novel predictors and the complex interactions between them, BACKGROUND: Over the recent years, machine learning methods have been increasingly explored in cancer prognosis because of the appearance of improved machine learning algorithms. These algorithms can use censored data for modeling, such as support Cloning Vectors machines for survival analysis and random survival forest (RSF1 wt Allele). However, it is still debated whether traditional (Cox proportional haz[SEP]Relations: centromere clustering at the mitotic interphase nuclear envelope has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with centromere clustering, bioprocess_bioprocess with centromere clustering, bioprocess_bioprocess with mitotic cell cycle process, bioprocess_bioprocess with mitotic cell cycle process, bioprocess_bioprocess with chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope, bioprocess_bioprocess with chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope. Definitions: Cloning Vectors defined as following: Any DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. They are or are derived from plasmids, bacteriophages, or viruses and are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain genetic markers to facilitate their selective recognition.. PPFIBP1 wt Allele defined as following: Human PPFIBP1 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 12p12.1 and is approximately 172 kb in length. This allele, which encodes liprin-beta-1 protein, is involved in the modulation of protein-protein interactions.. RSF1 wt Allele defined as following: Human RSF1 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 11q14.1 and is approximately 155 kb in length. This allele, which encodes remodeling and spacing factor 1 protein, plays a role in transcriptional repression, transcriptional co-activation and nucleosome assembly controlled by the RSF1 wt Allele chromatin remodeling complex. The RSF1 gene is overexpressed in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.. Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 defined as following: A long interspersed element (LINE) found in mammals. The LINE-1 element is the only active LINE in humans and is approximately 6,000 base pairs long. This nucleotide sequence consists of two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF) flanked by a 5' untranslated region (UTR), which contains a strong RNA polymerase II promoter sequence, and target side duplications. The first ORF encodes a 500 amino acid, ~40 kDa leucine zipper-containing RNA-binding protein. The second ORF encodes an ~150 kDa protein that has endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activity. Increased LINE-1 copy number is associated with cancer and neuropathy..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Was erythropoietin effective for optic neuritis in the TONE trial?", "id": "converted_90", "sentence1": "Was erythropoietin effective for Optic Neuritis in the TONE trial?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: EPO gene as an adjunct to Adrenal Cortex Hormones conveyed neither functional nor structural neuroprotection in the visual pathways after Optic Neuritis. [SEP]Relations: Optic neuritis has relations: drug_effect with Epirubicin, drug_effect with Epirubicin, drug_effect with Paroxetine, drug_effect with Paroxetine, drug_effect with Ethionamide, drug_effect with Ethionamide, drug_effect with Doxorubicin, drug_effect with Doxorubicin, drug_effect with Allopurinol, drug_effect with Allopurinol. Definitions: Adrenal Cortex Hormones defined as following: HORMONES produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major hormones produced are HYDROCORTISONE and ALDOSTERONE.. EPO gene defined as following: This gene is involved in the regulation of red blood cell production and function.. Optic Neuritis defined as following: Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior Optic Neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior Optic Neuritis).. erythropoietin defined as following: This gene is involved in the regulation of red blood cell production and function..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant less severe than infection caused by other variants?", "id": "converted_92", "sentence1": "Is COVID19 (Disease) caused by the Greek letter omicron variant less severe than Communicable Diseases caused by other Variant?", "sentence2": "Greek letter omicron appears to lead to a milder illness for patients compared with previous COVID19 (Disease) Variant., Most of those infected with Greek letter omicron experience symptoms, and the Greek letter omicron variant appears to lead to less severe Disease. However, this does not mean that all the infected experience an Greek letter omicron Communicable Diseases as mild., In this study, symptoms of COVID19 (Disease) tended to be milder than described for previous SARS-CoV2 Variant., These early national data suggest that omicron is associated with a two-thirds reduction in the risk of COVID19 (Disease) hospitalisation compared with Data types - Delta., Globally, SARS CoV-2 omicron variant has led to a notable increase of COVID19 (Disease) diagnoses, although with less severe clinical manifestations and decreased hospitalizations., One of the newest Variant is Greek letter omicron, which shows an increase in its transmissibility, but also reportedly reduces hospitalization rates and shows milder symptoms, such as in those who have been vaccinated., Here we compared 3-day risks of emergency department (ED) visit, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation in patients who were first infected during a time period when the Greek letter omicron variant was emerging to those in patients who were first infected when the Delta variant was predominant., First time SARS-CoV-2 Infections of musculoskeletal system occurring at a time when the Greek letter omicron variant was rapidly spreading were associated with significantly less severe outcomes than first-time Infections of musculoskeletal system when the Delta variant predominated., After propensity-score matching for demographics, socio-economic determinants of health, comorbidities, medications and vaccination status, the 3-day risks in the Emergent Greek letter omicron cohort outcomes were consistently less than half those in the Delta cohort: ED visit: 4.55% vs. 15.22% (risk ratio or RR: 0.30, 95% NDUFB6 gene: 0.28-0.33); hospitalization: 1.75% vs. 3.95% (RR: 0.44, 95% NDUFB6 gene: 0.38-0.52]); ICU admission: 0.26% vs. 0.78% (RR: 0.33, 95% NDUFB6 gene:0.23-0.48); mechanical ventilation: 0.07% vs. 0.43% (RR: 0.16, 95% NDUFB6 gene: 0.08-0.32)., The Greek letter omicron is highly transmissible and is spreading faster than any previous variant, but may cause less severe symptoms than previous Variant., The omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated partial vaccine escape and high transmissibility, with early studies indicating lower severity of Communicable Diseases than that of the Data types - Delta variant (B.1.617.2). We aimed to better characterise omicron severity relative to Data types - Delta by assessing the relative risk of hospital attendance, hospital admission, or Cessation of life in a large national cohort., The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of hospital attendance (not necessarily resulting in admission) with omicron compared with Data types - Delta was 0\u00b756 (95% NDUFB6 gene 0\u00b754-0\u00b758); for hospital admission and Cessation of life, HR estimates were 0\u00b741 (0\u00b739-0\u00b743) and 0\u00b731 (0\u00b726-0\u00b737), respectively.,  The risk of severe outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases is substantially lower for omicron than for Data types - Delta, with higher reductions for more severe endpoints and significant variation with age., The Greek letter omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is estimated to be more transmissible than previous strains of SARS-CoV-2 especially among children, potentially resulting in Subglottic laryngitis which is a characteristic Disease in children., A significant difference between the age-specific susceptibility to the Greek letter omicron and that to the pre-Greek letter omicron Variant was found in the younger age group. The rise in susceptibility to the Greek letter omicron/pre-Delta variant was highest in the 10-15 years age group (5.28 times [95% NDUFB6 gene, 4.94-5.60]), and the rise in susceptibility to the Greek letter omicron/Delta variant was highest in the 15-19 years age group (3.21 times [95% NDUFB6 gene, 3.12-3.31]), whereas in those aged 50 years or more, the susceptibility to the Greek letter omicron/pre-Greek letter omicron remained stable at approximately twofold., Even after adjusting for contact pattern, vaccination status, and waning of vaccine effectiveness, the Greek letter omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 tends to propagate more easily among children than the pre-Greek letter omicron strains., Infection with SARS-CoV-2 variant Greek letter omicron is considered to be less severe than Communicable Diseases with variant Delta, with rarer occurrence of severe Disease requiring intensive care., We found that Infections of musculoskeletal system caused by the Greek letter omicron variant caused significantly less morbidity, including admission to the hospital and requirement for oxygen supplementation, and significantly less mortality than those caused by the Delta variant.,  Early work suggests that Infections of musculoskeletal system caused by the Greek letter omicron variant may be less severe than those caused by the Delta variant.,  The Greek letter omicron is highly transmissible and is spreading faster than any previous variant, but may cause less severe symptoms than previous Variant.,  Early reports of Greek letter omicron variant confirmed patients indicated less severe Disease course compared with the Disease caused by previously encountered Variant with absence of data regarding Cardiac - anatomy qualifier involvement by Greek letter omicron, However, we found that Infections of musculoskeletal system by Greek letter omicron were significantly less severe than those caused by Delta and other previous Variant., Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections 2 Communicable Diseases from the Greek letter omicron variant in children/adolescents is less severe than Communicable Diseases from the Delta variant., Greek letter omicron variant Communicable Diseases is associated with significantly lower severity of Disease compared with the Delta variant., In the general population, illness after Communicable Diseases with the SARS-CoV-2 Greek letter omicron variant is less severe compared with previous Variant.[SEP]Relations: Rotavirus Communicable Diseases has relations: disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious Disease, disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious Disease. Cessation of head growth has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to maternal 15q11q13 deletion, disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to maternal 15q11q13 deletion, disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to a point mutation, disease_phenotype_positive with Angelman syndrome due to a point mutation. NDUFB6 has relations: anatomy_protein_present with Ammon's horn, anatomy_protein_present with Ammon's horn. Definitions: Variant defined as following: An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.. Cessation of life defined as following: Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular and cerebral functions.. Subglottic laryngitis defined as following: Narrowing of the larynx, commonly occuring during viral respiratory tract Infections of musculoskeletal system, in particular in children, leads to symptoms such as hoarseness, a barking cough, stridor, and sometimes dyspnea and respiratory failure. [LMU:mgriese, PMID:31680234]. Communicable Diseases defined as following: An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.. COVID19 (Disease) defined as following: A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID19 (Disease) severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID19 (Disease) (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory Disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A Coronavirus Infections, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent.. Coronavirus Infections defined as following: Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).. Disease defined as following: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Should be used bexarotene for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?", "id": "converted_95", "sentence1": "Should be used bexarotene for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: We do not recommend the use of bexarotene to treat patients with Multiple Sclerosis because of its poor tolerability and negative primary efficacy outcome. [SEP]Relations: Multiple Sclerosis has relations: disease_disease with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis, disease_disease with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Bexarotene has relations: drug_effect with Lymphocytosis, drug_effect with Lymphocytosis, drug_drug with Reteplase, drug_drug with Reteplase, drug_drug with Aprepitant, drug_drug with Aprepitant, drug_drug with Repaglinide, drug_drug with Repaglinide. Definitions: Multiple Sclerosis defined as following: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903). bexarotene defined as following: A rexinoid (an RXR-binding ligand), tetrahydronaphthalene derivative and RETINOID X RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can analgesics or antipyretics be taken for side effects following COVID-19 vaccination?", "id": "converted_97", "sentence1": "Can analgesics or antipyretics be taken for side effects following COVID-19 vaccination?", "sentence2": "Analgesics [TC] [TC] or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate Vaccine [APC] side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain. Few studies have assessed the effect of analgesics/antipyretics on Vaccine [APC] immunogenicity and reactogenicity. Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically. Still, there is no evidence that these changes impact Vaccine [APC] efficacy. Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited. However, available data from clinical trials of licensed vaccines, along with recommendations from public health bodies around the world, should provide reassurance to both healthcare professionals and Vaccine [APC] recipients that short-term use of analgesics/antipyretics at non-prescription doses is unlikely to affect Vaccine [APC]-induced immunity.,  Although Fever symptoms (finding) is part of the normal inflammatory process after immunisation, prophylactic antipyretic drugs are sometimes recommended to allay concerns of high Fever symptoms (finding) and febrile convulsion. We assessed the effect of prophylactic administration of paracetamol at vaccination on infant febrile reaction rates and Vaccine [APC] responses.,  Although reaction febrile significantly decreased, prophylactic administration of antipyretic drugs at the time of vaccination should not be routinely recommended since immunoglobulin complex location responses to several Vaccine [APC] antigens were reduced., Antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were significantly lower in the prophylactic paracetamol group than in the no prophylactic paracetamol group after primary vaccination for all ten pneumococcal Vaccine [APC] serotypes, protein D, antipolyribosyl-ribitol phosphate, antidiphtheria, antitetanus, and antipertactin., Worldwide, paracetamol is administered as a remedy for complaints that occur after vaccination. Recently published results indicate that paracetamol inhibits the vaccination response in infants when given prior to vaccination., One month after the second booster vaccination, the anti-HBs level in the prophylactic paracetamol group was significantly lower (p = 0.048) than the level in the control group (4257 mIU/mL vs. 5768 mIU/mL). The anti-HBs level in the therapeutic paracetamol group (4958 mIU/mL) was not different (p = 0.34) from the level in the control group. Only prophylactic paracetamol treatment, and not therapeutic treatment, during vaccination has a negative influence on the immunoglobulin complex location concentration after hepatitis B vaccination in adults. These findings prompt to consider therapeutic instead of prophylactic treatment to ensure maximal vaccination efficacy and retain the possibility to treat Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- and Fever symptoms (finding) after vaccination., Analgesics [TC] [TC] or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate Vaccine [APC] side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain., Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically., While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate Vaccine [APC] adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted Vaccine [APC] immune responses., However, available data from clinical trials of licensed vaccines, along with recommendations from public health bodies around the world, should provide reassurance to both healthcare professionals and Vaccine [APC] recipients that short-term use of analgesics/antipyretics at non-prescription doses is unlikely to affect Vaccine [APC]-induced immunity., Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited.,  Analgesics [TC] [TC] or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate Vaccine [APC] side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain.,  Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically.,  Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited.[SEP]Relations: BCG Vaccine [APC] has relations: drug_drug with Lopinavir, drug_drug with Lopinavir, drug_drug with Mirvetuximab Soravtansine, drug_drug with Mirvetuximab Soravtansine, drug_drug with Paritaprevir, drug_drug with Paritaprevir, drug_drug with Etravirine, drug_drug with Etravirine, drug_drug with Alovudine F-18, drug_drug with Alovudine F-18. Definitions: immunoglobulin complex location defined as following: A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. [GOC:add, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781765196].", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is OXLUMO (lumasiran) used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria?", "id": "converted_101", "sentence1": "Is Oxlumo (lumasiran) used for the treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria?", "sentence2": "lumasiran (Oxlumo\u2122) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the RNA, Messenger for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1 gene gene; encodes (S)-2-Hydroxy-acid oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmacologic Substance for the treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1 (AGXT gene)., Oxlumo (lumasiran) for the treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria,, Conjugation of Oligonucleotides therapeutics, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or Antisense Oligonucleotides, to Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands has become the primary strategy for hepatocyte-targeted delivery, and with the recent approvals of Givlaari (givosiran) for the treatment of acute Hepatic porphyria, Oxlumo (lumasiran) for the treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria, and Leqvio (inclisiran) for the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia result, the technology has been well validated clinically., In this context we discuss Nedosiran (Dicerna Pharmacologic Substance, Inc.) and lumasiran (Alnylam Pharmacologic Substance), which are both novel RNAi therapies for Primary Hyperoxaluria that selectively reduce Hepatic expression of Lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 and (S)-2-Hydroxy-acid oxidase respectively, reducing Hepatic oxalate production and Urinary tract oxalate levels., On 23 November 2020, lumasiran was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with AGXT gene., lumasiran, an RNAi Therapeutic for Primary hyperoxaluria, type I., On 19 November 2020, lumasiran received its first global approval in the EU for the treatment of AGXT gene in all age groups., Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product - ParticipationType - ParticipationType against (S)-2-Hydroxy-acid oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat AGXT gene., Phase 3 trial of lumasiran for Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1: A new RNAi therapeutic in infants and young children., Several new drugs have been approved to treat rare genetic disorders: setmelanotide for certain conditions causing BODY MASS INDEX QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 20; lumasiran for Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1, a Kidney Diseases; and lonafarnib for two diseases that cause premature aging., lumasiran in the Management of Patients with Primary hyperoxaluria, type I: From Bench to Bedside., The effect of lumasiran therapy for Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1 in small infants.,  lumasiran was recently approved in the treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1 and Nedosiran is in the approval process., SIONS: lumasiran had an acceptable safety profile and reduced Urinary tract oxalate excretion in all patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1 to near-normal levels.CLINI, lumasiran is an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent that reduces Hepatic oxalate production, which has been recently approved for the treatment of AGXT gene., RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: lumasiran reduces Urinary tract and plasma oxalate (PRODH gene) in patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1 (AGXT gene) and relatively preserved kidney function. ILLUMINATE-C evaluates the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of lumasiran in patients with AGXT gene and a[SEP]Relations: Primary Hyperoxaluria has relations: contraindication with Sodium sulfate, contraindication with Sodium sulfate, contraindication with Sodium sulfate, contraindication with Sodium sulfate, contraindication with Phenylpropanolamine, contraindication with Phenylpropanolamine, contraindication with Phenylpropanolamine, contraindication with Phenylpropanolamine, contraindication with Orlistat, contraindication with Orlistat. Definitions: Hepatic defined as following: Pertaining to, affecting, or associated with the liver.. Kidney Diseases defined as following: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.. acute Hepatic porphyria defined as following: Porphyria of doss or deficiency of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (DALAD) is an extremely rare form of acute Hepatic porphyria (see this term) characterized by neuro-visceral attacks without cutaneous manifestations.. Hypercholesterolemia result defined as following: A laboratory test result indicating an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood.. lonafarnib defined as following: A synthetic tricyclic derivative of carboxamide with antineoplastic properties. Lonarfanib binds to and inhibits farnesyl transferase, an enzyme involved in the post-translational modification and activation of Ras proteins. Ras proteins participate in numerous signalling pathways (proliferation, cytoskeletal organization), and play an important role in oncogenesis. Mutated ras proteins have been found in a wide range of human cancers. (NCI04). Urinary tract defined as following: The duct which coveys URINE from the pelvis of the KIDNEY through the URETERS, BLADDER, and URETHRA.. Antisense Oligonucleotides defined as following: Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.. Primary hyperoxaluria, type I defined as following: Recessively inherited Primary Hyperoxaluria due to alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) deficiency.. Acetylgalactosamine defined as following: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.. product - ParticipationType defined as following: <p>Participant material that is brought forth (produced) in the act (e.g., specimen in a specimen collection, access or drainage in a placement service, medication package in a dispense service). It does not matter whether the material produced had existence prior to the service, or whether it is created in the service (e.g., in supply services the product - ParticipationType is taken from a stock).</p>. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.. Pharmacologic Substance defined as following: Any natural, endogenously-derived, synthetic or semi-synthetic compound with pharmacologic activity. A pharmacologic substance has one or more specific mechanism of action(s) through which it exerts one or more effect(s) on the human or animal body. They can be used to potentially prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease. Formulation specific agents and some combination agents are also classified as pharmacologic substances.. oxalate defined as following: A salt or ester of oxalic acid.. Oligonucleotides defined as following: Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed). Primary Hyperoxaluria defined as following: A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Should patients using inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma or COPD be advised to stop these medications to prevent COVID-19?", "id": "converted_102", "sentence1": "Should patients using inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma or Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease be advised to stop these medications to prevent COVID19 (document)?", "sentence2": "International recommendations suggest maintaining asthma under control to limit exacerbations occurrence, by using all available treatment. The minimum steroid dosage effective to control symptoms should be maintained to avoid exacerbations;, The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the risk for the development of a fatal course of COVID19 (document) with preadmission use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COVID19 (document) relative to non-use of inhaled corticosteroids (pooled odds ratio=1.28; 95% confidence interval 0.73-2.26). Similarly, the meta-analysis observed no significant difference in the risk for the development of a severe course of COVID19 (document) with preadmission use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COVID19 (document) relative to non-use of inhaled corticosteroids (pooled odds ratio=1.45; 95% confidence interval 0.96-2.20)., Our findings assured the safety of continued use of inhaled corticosteroids during the COVID19 (document) pandemic., Our study showed that asthma is not associated with worse outcomes of COVID19 (document), despite the higher need for respiratory support compared with the general population, while the use of Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay allowed for a shorter hospital stay., Patients with asthma in regular therapy with Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay at home had significantly shorter hospital stay compared to those with no treatments (25.2 vs. 11.3 days, p = 0.024)., Evidence from clinical studies indicates that the inhaled corticosteroids (Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay) routinely taken for asthma and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease could have had a protective role in preventing severe COVID19 (document) and, therefore, may be a promising treatment for COVID19 (document)., The benefit-risk ratio is however clearly in favor of continuing inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma or Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease., Due to its known and important benefits Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay should be prescribed as usual for both asthma and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease., The available recommendations state that patients with asthma should use inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCS) on a regular basis., These findings should encourage clinicians to continue Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay therapy for Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease patients during the COVID19 (document) pandemic.,  Evidence from clinical studies indicates that the inhaled corticosteroids (Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay) routinely taken for asthma and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease could have had a protective role in preventing severe COVID19 (document) and, therefore, may be a promising treatment for COVID19 (document).,  The available evidence suggests that severe asthma patients do not have an increased risk of poor COVID19 (document) outcomes and that it is safe to treat Asthma patients with inhaled corticosteroids (Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay) and biologics during the pandemic, even though some studies indicate that high doses of Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay may predispose to COVID19 (document).,  However, patients with asthma or Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease should continue all prescribed inhaled medications., However, patients with asthma or Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease should continue all prescribed inhaled medications., Additionally, the use of systemic or inhaled glucocorticoids does not appear to increase the risk of severe COVID19 (document), but there is no evidence guiding the use of biologic therapy., Our study supports the recommendation that patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, including asthma and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease who require treatment with either inhaled or systemic corticosteroids, should continue their use during the COVID19 (document) pandemic.[SEP]Relations: asthma has relations: contraindication with Sulfadiazine, contraindication with Sulfadiazine, contraindication with Zinc gluconate, contraindication with Zinc gluconate, contraindication with Ascorbic acid, contraindication with Ascorbic acid, contraindication with Ethinylestradiol, contraindication with Ethinylestradiol, contraindication with Methadyl acetate, contraindication with Methadyl acetate. Definitions: Asthma defined as following: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).. Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease defined as following: A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.. Intracellular Cytokine Stain Flow Cytometric Assay defined as following: A technique that is used with flow cytometry to measure cytokine production in isolated cells. Cells are stimulated with an antigen or mitogen, and cytokine secretion is blocked using protein transport inhibitors. The cells are then stained with fluorochrome labeled monoclonal antibodies that target surface markers, fixed and permeabilized, and stained with fluorochrome labeled anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies prior to analysis by flow cytometry.. asthma defined as following: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL)..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is Zanubrutinib a first-generation BTK inhibitor approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?", "id": "converted_103", "sentence1": "Is Zanubrutinib a first-generation BTK Inhibitor approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?", "sentence2": "In the United States, zanubrutinib, a next-generation BTK Inhibitor, has been approved for treating adults with Mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least one prior therapy, for adults with Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia, and for adults with relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma who have received at least one anti-CD20-based therapy.[SEP]Relations: Mantle cell lymphoma has relations: disease_protein with IKBKB, disease_protein with IKBKB, disease_protein with CTNNB1, disease_protein with CTNNB1, disease_protein with CHEK2, disease_protein with CHEK2, disease_protein with UBR5, disease_protein with UBR5, disease_protein with RAD54B, disease_protein with RAD54B. Definitions: BTK Inhibitor defined as following: Any drug or substance that inhibits the activity of tyrosine-protein kinase BTK protein.. Mantle cell lymphoma defined as following: A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1)..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is Cinpanemab effective for Parkinson\u2019s Disease?", "id": "converted_105", "sentence1": "Is Cinpanemab effective for Parkinson\u2019s Disease?", "sentence2": "CONCLUSIONS: In participants with early Parkinson Disease, the effects of cinpanemab on clinical measures of disease progression and changes in DaT-SPECT imaging did not differ from those of placebo over a 52-week period. [SEP]Relations: Parkinson disease has relations: contraindication with Alimemazine, contraindication with Alimemazine, contraindication with Propiomazine, contraindication with Propiomazine, contraindication with Acetophenazine, contraindication with Acetophenazine, contraindication with Promazine, contraindication with Promazine, contraindication with Bethanechol, contraindication with Bethanechol. Definitions: Parkinson Disease defined as following: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can CRISPR/Cas12a be used for the detection of EGFR mutations in circulating DNA?", "id": "converted_108", "sentence1": "Can CRISPR/Cas12a be used for the detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutations in circulating DNA?", "sentence2": "A CRISPR Test for Rapidly and Sensitively Detecting Circulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations., The CRISPR-Cas12a system can detect both L858R and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor NP_005219.2:p.EGFR NP_005219.2:p.T790M with a limit of detection of 0.005% in less than three hours., The CRISPR-Cas12a system could detect L858R in plasma of two Primary malignant neoplasm of lung patients whose tissue biopsies are positive for L858R, and one plasma sample of three Primary malignant neoplasm of lung patients whose tissue biopsies are positive for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor NP_005219.2:p.EGFR NP_005219.2:p.T790M. ,  This proof of principle study demonstrates that the CRISPR-Cas12a system could rapidly and sensitively detect circulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutations, and thus, has potential prognostic or therapeutic implications.[SEP]Relations: epidermal growth factor receptor binding has relations: molfunc_protein with TGFA, molfunc_protein with TGFA, molfunc_protein with PLSCR1, molfunc_protein with PLSCR1, molfunc_protein with ARF4, molfunc_protein with ARF4, molfunc_protein with EGF, molfunc_protein with EGF, molfunc_protein with RNF126, molfunc_protein with RNF126. Definitions: EGFR NP_005219.2:p.T790M defined as following: A change in the amino acid residue at position 790 in the epidermal growth factor receptor protein where threonine has been replaced by methionine..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is PRP-40 involved in microexon splicing?", "id": "converted_113", "sentence1": "Is PRP-40 involved in microexon splicing?", "sentence2": "PRP-40 is particularly required for inclusion of neuronal microexons, and our data indicate that PRP-40 is a central regulator of microexon splicing. Microexons can be relieved from PRP-40 dependence by artificially increasing exon size or reducing flanking intron size, indicating that PRP-40 is specifically required for microexons surrounded by conventionally sized Introns. Knockdown of the orthologous PRPF40A gene gene in Mus sp. neuroblastoma cells causes widespread dysregulation of microexons but not conventionally sized Exons. PRP-40 regulation of neuronal microexons is therefore a widely conserved phenomenon.[SEP]Relations: PRPF40A gene has relations: bioprocess_protein with mRNA splicing, via spliceosome, bioprocess_protein with mRNA splicing, via spliceosome, bioprocess_protein with mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome, bioprocess_protein with mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome, protein_protein with SP1, protein_protein with SP1, pathway_protein with mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway, pathway_protein with mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway, protein_protein with RPS9, protein_protein with RPS9. Definitions: Introns defined as following: Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the Exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some Introns code for separate genes.. Exons defined as following: The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is ocrelizumab effective for primary progressive multiple sclerosis?", "id": "converted_115", "sentence1": "Is ocrelizumab effective for primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis?", "sentence2": "Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus\u00ae) is an intravenously administered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (Root Mean Square) or primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis (Parts per million (qualifier value))., When using the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ocrelizumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of MS, it is not necessary to test for NAbs as these occur very infrequently. , Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis., BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is a humanised anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2017 for using in adults with Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis (Parts per million (qualifier value)).[SEP]Relations: Ocrelizumab has relations: drug_drug with Pexelizumab, drug_drug with Pexelizumab, drug_protein with MS4A1, drug_protein with MS4A1, drug_drug with Otelixizumab, drug_drug with Otelixizumab, drug_drug with Afelimomab, drug_drug with Afelimomab, drug_drug with Urelumab, drug_drug with Urelumab. Definitions: ocrelizumab defined as following: A Fc-modified, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell CD20 cell surface antigen, with immunosuppressive activity. Ocrelizumab binds to CD20 on the surfaces of B-cells, triggering complement-dependent cell lysis (CDCL) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of B-cells overexpressing CD20. The CD20 antigen, a non-glycosylated cell surface phosphoprotein that acts as a calcium ion channel, is found on over 90% of B-cells, B-cell lymphomas, and other lymphoid tumor cells of B-cell origin; it plays an important role in B-cell functioning.. ofatumumab defined as following: A fully human, high-affinity IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the B cell CD20 cell surface antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. Ofatumumab binds specifically to CD20 on the surfaces of B cells, triggering complement-dependent cell lysis (CDCL) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of B cells overexpressing CD20. The CD20 antigen, found on over 90% of B cells, B cell lymphomas, and other B cells of lymphoid tumors of B cell origin, is a non-glycosylated cell surface phosphoprotein that acts as a calcium ion channel; it is exclusively expressed on B cells during most stages of B cell development.. Parts per million (qualifier value) defined as following: A unit of proportion equal to 10E-6.. Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting defined as following: The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914). Multiple Sclerosis defined as following: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903). Root Mean Square defined as following: A statistical measure of the magnitude of a set of variable values. The root mean square is the square root of the mean value for the squares of the original values..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Does silencing of SRRM4 inhibit tumor growth across cancers?", "id": "converted_118", "sentence1": "Does silencing of SRRM4 gene inhibit tumor growth across Malignant Neoplasms?", "sentence2": "Silencing of SRRM4 gene gene suppresses microexon inclusion and promotes tumor growth across Malignant Neoplasms., We show that this silencing is favorable for tumor growth, as decreased SRRM4 gene gene expression in Neoplasms is correlated with an increase in mitotic gene expression, and up-regulation of SRRM4 gene gene in cancer cell lines dose-dependently inhibits proliferation in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. Further, this proliferation inhibition is accompanied by induction of neural-like expression and splicing patterns in Tumor cells, malignant, suggesting that SRRM4 gene gene expression shifts the cell state away from proliferation and toward differentiation. We therefore conclude that SRRM4 gene gene acts as a proliferation brake, and Neoplasms gain a selective advantage by cutting off this brake.[SEP]Relations: malignant giant cell tumor has relations: disease_disease with cancer, disease_disease with cancer, disease_disease with giant cell tumor of soft tissue, disease_disease with giant cell tumor of soft tissue, disease_disease with malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts, disease_disease with malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts, disease_disease with malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone, disease_disease with malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone, disease_disease with giant cell tumor, disease_disease with giant cell tumor. Definitions: Tumor cells, malignant defined as following: Cells of, or derived from, a malignant tumor.. Neoplasms defined as following: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.. Malignant Neoplasms defined as following: A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is daridorexant effective for insomnia?", "id": "converted_120", "sentence1": "Is daridorexant effective for Insomnia homeopathic medication?", "sentence2": "Daridorexant (Quviviq\u2122; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) is an orally administered dual orexin type 1 and type 2 (OX1 and OX2) receptor antagonist (DORA) being developed for the treatment of Insomnia homeopathic medication., Daridorexant was superior to placebo in reducing wake time after sleep onset (MD\u2009=\u2009-13.26; 95% NDUFB6 gene, -15.48 to -11.03; P\u2009<\u20090.00001), latency to persistent sleep (MD\u2009=\u2009-7.23; 95% NDUFB6 gene, -9.60 to -4.85; P\u2009<\u20090.00001), with increasing the total sleep time (MD\u2009=\u200914.80; 95% NDUFB6 gene, 11.18-18.42; P\u2009<\u20090.00001) and subjective total sleep time (MD\u2009=\u200914.80; 95% NDUFB6 gene, 11.18-18.42], P\u2009<\u20090.00001). The 25 mg and 50 mg were the most officious doses. Treatment with daridorexant has resulted in a slightly higher incidence of adverse events [risk ratio (RR)\u2009=\u20091.19; 95% NDUFB6 gene, 1.05-1.35;, P\u2009=\u20090.005], specifically Somnolence (RR\u2009=\u20091.19; 95% NDUFB6 gene, 1.13-3.23; P\u2009=\u20090.005) and Fatigue (RR\u2009=\u20092.01; 95% NDUFB6 gene, 1.21-3.36; P\u2009=\u20090.007). Daridorexant is superior to placebo in improving sleep quality. [SEP]Relations: Fatigue has relations: drug_effect with Darunavir, drug_effect with Darunavir, drug_effect with Lodoxamide, drug_effect with Lodoxamide, drug_effect with Trimetrexate, drug_effect with Trimetrexate, drug_effect with Stiripentol, drug_effect with Stiripentol, drug_effect with Doxazosin, drug_effect with Doxazosin. Definitions: Somnolence defined as following: Compelling urge to sleep.. Fatigue defined as following: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.. Insomnia homeopathic medication defined as following: A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is deucravacitinib effective for psoriasis?", "id": "converted_124", "sentence1": "Is deucravacitinib effective for psoriasis?", "sentence2": "POETYK PSO-1 and PSO-2 involved 1688 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. After 16\u00a0weeks, in both studies, over 50% of patients treated with deucravacitinib reached PASI75, which was significantly superior to placebo and apremilast. In POETYK PSO-1, these results improved until week 24 and were maintained through week 52, with over 65% of patients achieving PASI75 at this point. A reduction in signs and symptoms was also reported by patients, with greater impact on Pruritus. deucravacitinib was well tolerated and safe. , INTRODUCTION: deucravacitinib is an oral, selective Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor that demonstrated therapeutic benefit in a Phase 2 clinical trial of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. , CONCLUSION: deucravacitinib treatment produced early response and similar trends in improvements across multiple efficacy assessments and QoL in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. , CONCLUSION: deucravacitinib was superior to placebo and apremilast across multiple efficacy endpoints and was well tolerated in moderate to severe psoriasis.[SEP]Relations: Apremilast has relations: drug_drug with Dacomitinib, drug_drug with Dacomitinib. Pruritus has relations: drug_effect with Sunitinib, drug_effect with Sunitinib, drug_effect with Valdecoxib, drug_effect with Valdecoxib, drug_effect with Lercanidipine, drug_effect with Lercanidipine, drug_effect with Acyclovir, drug_effect with Acyclovir. Definitions: Pruritus defined as following: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.. Protein Tyrosine Kinase defined as following: Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.. apremilast defined as following: An orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon oral administration, apremilast targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of PDE4, thereby blocking cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) degradation and increasing intracellular cAMP levels. This may decrease the production of the proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). PDE4 is an enzyme that plays an important role in the degradation of cAMP and in cytokine production in inflammatory cells.. psoriasis defined as following: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can the epigenetic status of introns affect gene expression?", "id": "converted_126", "sentence1": "Can the epigenetic status of introns affect gene expression?", "sentence2": "Here, we show that the expression of the H3K9 demethylase IBM1 (increase in BONSAI methylation 1) requires DNA methylation. Surprisingly, the regulatory methylated region is contained in an unusually large Introns that is conserved in IBM1 orthologues., DNA methylation in an Introns of the IBM1 histone demethylase gene stabilizes chromatin modification patterns., Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of Heterochromatin-containing Genes, including not only intronic Heterochromatin-containing Genes but also the Genes showing overlap with Heterochromatin., Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context., Combining methylation data with RNA, Messenger sequencing revealed that DNA methylation in Promoter, introns and Exons may have different roles in regulating gene expression., In several eukaryotic organisms, Heterochromatin (hydrocortisone) in the introns of Genes can regulate RNA processing, including polyadenylation, but the mechanism underlying this regulation is poorly understood., Here we report that ASI1 and Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2 form a Protein complex in vivo via a bridge protein, ASI1-Immunoprecipitated Protein 1 (PDZD11 gene), which is another RNA recognition motif-containing protein. The complex also may contain the Pol II CTD phosphatase CPL2, the plant homeodomain-containing protein AIPP2, and another BAH domain protein, AIPP3. As is the case with dysfunction of ASI1 and Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2, dysfunction of PDZD11 gene impedes the use of distal polyadenylation sites at tested intronic hydrocortisone-containing Genes, such as the histone demethylase gene IBM1, resulting in a lack of functional full-length transcripts., Interestingly, hypomethylation of introns is correlated with higher levels of Introns expression in RNA, Messenger and the methylation level of an Introns is inversely correlated with its retention in RNA, Messenger from the gene in which it is located., Regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation in gene promoter regions is well studied; however, the effects of methylation in the gene body (Exons and introns) on gene expression are comparatively understudied., Consistent with previous work we found that intragenic methylation is positively correlated with gene expression and that Exons are more highly methylated than their neighboring intronic environment.[SEP]Relations: promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription, bioprocess_bioprocess with promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription. PDZD11 has relations: bioprocess_protein with maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity, bioprocess_protein with maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity, pathway_protein with Biotin transport and metabolism, pathway_protein with Biotin transport and metabolism. Hydrocortisone has relations: drug_effect with Paraparesis, drug_effect with Paraparesis. covalent chromatin modification has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with DNA methylation-dependent Heterochromatin assembly, bioprocess_bioprocess with DNA methylation-dependent Heterochromatin assembly. Definitions: chromatin modification defined as following: OBSOLETE. The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]. Introns defined as following: Sequences of DNA in the Genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the Exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate Genes.. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.. Promoter defined as following: A DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.. Heterochromatin defined as following: The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.. Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. Exons defined as following: The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.. hydrocortisone defined as following: The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.. RNA defined as following: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed). introns defined as following: Sequences of DNA in the Genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the Exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate Genes..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Are Luminopsins a fusion proteins of luminol and Rhodopsin ?", "id": "converted_129", "sentence1": "Are Luminopsins a fusion proteins of luminol and Rhodopsin ?", "sentence2": "Bioluminescence-optogenetics is mediated by luminopsin fusion proteins-light-sensing opsins fused to light-emitting luciferases., Here we have expanded and refined the versatility of luminopsin tools by fusing an alternative Luciferases Variant with high light emission, Gaussia Luciferases Mutant GLucM23, to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing channelrhodopsins,  luminopsins by fusing light-sensing opsins with light-emitting luciferases. , ouse iPS-NPCs were transduced with a novel optochemogenetics fusion protein, luminopsin 3 (LMO3 gene gene), which consisted of a bioluminescent Luciferases, Gaussia Luciferases, and an Rod Opsins, Volvox Channelrhodopsin 1. , Luminopsins are fusion proteins of Luciferases and Rod Opsins that allow interrogation of neuronal circuits at different temporal and spatial resolutions by choosing either extrinsic physical or intrinsic biological light for its activation.[SEP]Relations: Opsins has relations: pathway_protein with RHO, pathway_protein with RHO, pathway_protein with RGR, pathway_protein with RGR, pathway_protein with OPN1SW, pathway_protein with OPN1SW, pathway_protein with OPN1MW2, pathway_protein with OPN1MW2, pathway_protein with OPN5, pathway_protein with OPN5. Definitions: Variant defined as following: An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.. Mutant defined as following: An altered form of an individual, organism, population, or genetic character that differs from the corresponding wild type due to one or more alterations (mutations).. Luciferases defined as following: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.. Rod Opsins defined as following: Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.. luminol defined as following: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.. Rhodopsin defined as following: This gene plays a role in vision..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is there a way to distinguish COVID-19 clinically from other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza?", "id": "converted_134", "sentence1": "Is there a way to distinguish COVID19 (document) clinically from other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza?", "sentence2": " Unfortunately, COVID19 (document) patients have symptoms similar to other common illnesses. Here, we hypothesize the order of symptom occurrence could help patients and medical professionals more quickly distinguish COVID19 (document) from other respiratory diseases, yet such essential information is largely unavailable., No symptoms are characteristic of a single infectious agent, with flu-like disorders being the most common., We show that although COVID19 (document) and influenza are different in many ways, there are numerous similarities; thus, in addition to using nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody-based approaches, clinicians and epidemiologists should distinguish between the two using their respective characteristics in early stages., An understanding of differences in clinical phenotypes and outcomes COVID19 (document) compared with other respiratory viral Infections of musculoskeletal system is important to optimise the management of patients and plan healthcare., SARS-CoV-2 is associated with more severe outcomes compared with other respiratory viruses, and although associated with specific patient and clinical characteristics at admission, a substantial overlap precludes discrimination based on these characteristics., Unfortunately, COVID19 (document) patients have symptoms similar to other common illnesses., Clinical presentation of COVID19 (document), however, can be difficult to distinguish from other respiratory viral Infections of musculoskeletal system., It is difficult to distinguish Coronavirus Infections disease-2019 (COVID19 (document)) from other viral respiratory tract Infections of musculoskeletal system owing to the similarities in clinical and radiological findings., Although COVID19 (document) has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown.,  Since the symptoms are similar to other respiratory Infections of musculoskeletal system, differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with wide-spread COVID19 (document) must include other more common Infections of musculoskeletal system such as influenza and other Respiratory Tract Diseases.,  Clinical presentation of COVID19 (document), however, can be difficult to distinguish from other respiratory viral Infections of musculoskeletal system., COVID19 (document) and flu are two respiratory illnesses which share similar clinical symptoms., During influenza season, differentiating other causes of respiratory illness from COVID19 (document) is difficult, because common clinical manifestations of COVID19 (document) mimic those of influenza.[SEP]Relations: viral respiratory tract infection has relations: disease_disease with influenza, disease_disease with influenza, disease_disease with respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease, disease_disease with respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease. Respiratory tract infection has relations: phenotype_phenotype with Acute infectious pneumonia, phenotype_phenotype with Acute infectious pneumonia, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage disease, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage disease, disease_phenotype_positive with ALG12-CDG, disease_phenotype_positive with ALG12-CDG. Definitions: Coronavirus Infections defined as following: Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).. viral respiratory tract Infections of musculoskeletal system defined as following: A respiratory tract infection caused by a virus. Viruses represent the most common causes of upper and lower respiratory tract Infections of musculoskeletal system and include rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus.. Respiratory Tract Diseases defined as following: Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.. respiratory Infections of musculoskeletal system defined as following: Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can untranslated regions (UTRs) regulate gene expression?", "id": "converted_138", "sentence1": "Can untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) regulate Genes expression?", "sentence2": "Previously dismissed as \"junk DNA\", it is the non-coding regions of the Genome - anatomical entity that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial Genes expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune Genes expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular Genes are the 5' and 3' untranslated regions and Introns., Post-transcriptional regulation, via 5'-Untranslated Regions (5'-untranslated regions), plays an important role in the control of eukaryotic Genes expression., Eukaryotic Genes expression is precisely regulated at all points between transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on translational control mediated by the 3'-untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) of mRNAs. RNA, Messenger 3'-Untranslated Regions contain cis-acting elements that function in the regulation of protein translation or RNA, Messenger decay., Now, we are beginning to better appreciate the role of 3'-SLC14A2 Genes (untranslated region) cis-elements which harbor not only microRNA but also RNA-binding protein (SUGP1 Genes) Binding Sites that have significant effect on the stability and translational rate of mRNAs., Many studies using reporter assays have demonstrated that 3' untranslated regions (3'-Untranslated Regions) regulate Genes expression by controlling RNA, Messenger stability and translation., The untranslated regions of mRNAs can determine Genes expression by influencing RNA, Messenger stability and translational efficiency., In higher Eukaryota, untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) of RNA Transcript are one of the crucial regulators of Genes expression (influencing RNA, Messenger stability and translation efficiency)., Our results suggest that 3'SLC14A2 Genes sequences can function not only in cis to regulate protein expression, but also intrinsically and independently in trans, likely as noncoding RNAs, a conclusion supported by a number of previous genetic studies., The 3' untranslated regions (3'Untranslated Regions) of eukaryotic genes regulate RNA, Messenger stability, localization and translation., The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs (Untranslated Regions) play crucial roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of Genes expression through the modulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA, Messenger transport, translation efficiency, subcellular localization, and message stability., 3' untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) are known to play an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of Genes expression., The 3' untranslated region (3' SLC14A2 Genes) can control Genes expression by affecting the localization, stability and translation of mRNAs.,  In higher Eukaryota, untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) of RNA Transcript are one of the crucial regulators of Genes expression (influencing RNA, Messenger stability and translation efficiency)., Untranslated regions (SLC14A2 Genes) play important roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of RNA, Messenger processing., Untranslated Genes regions (Untranslated Regions) play an important role in controlling Genes expression.,  The untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) of RNA, Messenger are hotspots for regulatory control., Untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) in Eukaryota play a significant role in the regulation of translation and RNA, Messenger half-life, as well as interacting with specific RNA-Binding Proteins., Untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) of eukaryotic mRNAs play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation of Genes expression via the modulation of nucleocytoplasmic RNA, Messenger transport, translation efficiency, subcellular localization, and message stability., The 5' and 3' untranslated regions (Untranslated Regions) regulate crucial aspects of post-transcriptional Genes regulation that are necessary for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. When these processes go awry through Mutation Abnormality or misexpression of certain regulatory elements, the subsequent deregulation of oncogenic Genes expression can drive or enhance Primary malignant neoplasm pathogenesis.[SEP]Relations: rRNA transcription has relations: bioprocess_protein with SPIN1, bioprocess_protein with SPIN1. SLC14A2 has relations: molfunc_protein with urea transmembrane transporter activity, molfunc_protein with urea transmembrane transporter activity. protein binding has relations: molfunc_protein with UTRN, molfunc_protein with UTRN, molfunc_protein with UTF1, molfunc_protein with UTF1, molfunc_protein with UTP15, molfunc_protein with UTP15. Definitions: Primary malignant neoplasm defined as following: A malignant tumor at the original site of growth.. Genome - anatomical entity defined as following: Anatomical set of genes in all the chromosomes.. Binding Sites defined as following: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.. Untranslated Regions defined as following: The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS and 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS.. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary RNA Transcript in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.. RNA Transcript defined as following: The initial RNA molecule produced by transcription.. 3' SLC14A2 Genes defined as following: The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.. RNA-Binding Proteins defined as following: Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.. Eukaryota defined as following: Organism or cells with a nucleus separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalization of function into distinct cytoplasmic organelles.. Mutation Abnormality defined as following: Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of Mutation Abnormality range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including Primary malignant neoplasm.. Introns defined as following: Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary Genes transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some Introns code for separate genes.. Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. DNA defined as following: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine)..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is alternative splicing associated with heart disease?", "id": "converted_139", "sentence1": "Is Alternative Splicing associated with Chest>Heart disease?", "sentence2": "We identified >200 significant Alternative Splicing (AS) events and distinct AS profiles were observed in the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles in PLN-R14del compared to WT mouse hearts. , Our findings suggest that aberrant splicing may affect Ca2+-homeostasis in the Chest>Heart, contributing to the increased risk of arrythmogenesis in PLN-R14del ACM.[SEP]Relations: FGFR2 Alternative Splicing has relations: pathway_protein with POLR2D, pathway_protein with POLR2D, pathway_protein with POLR2G, pathway_protein with POLR2G, pathway_protein with RBFOX2, pathway_protein with RBFOX2, pathway_protein with ESRP2, pathway_protein with ESRP2, pathway_protein with POLR2K, pathway_protein with POLR2K. Definitions: Alternative Splicing defined as following: A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.. Chest>Heart disease defined as following: Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Should Intepirdine be used for Alzheimer's disease?", "id": "converted_140", "sentence1": "Should Intepirdine be used for Alzheimer's disease?", "sentence2": "There were no statistically significant differences between Intepirdine and placebo groups (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval]) on the co-primary endpoints ADAS-Cog (-0.36 [-0.95, 0.22], P\u00a0=\u00a00.2249) and ADCS-ADL (-0.09 [-0.90, 0.72], P\u00a0=\u00a00.8260). , Discussion: Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil did not produce statistical improvement over placebo on cognition or activities of daily living in mild-to-moderate cytarabine/daunorubicin protocol Presenile Presenile dementia patients., EXPERT OPINION: Despite early positive findings, larger phase-III trials have failed to demonstrate any statistically significant impact on cognition for both Idalopirdine and Intepirdine, as adjunct to Cholinesterase Inhibitors [MoA].[SEP]Relations: Idalopirdine has relations: drug_drug with Eletriptan, drug_drug with Eletriptan, drug_drug with Poldine, drug_drug with Poldine, drug_drug with Eperisone, drug_drug with Eperisone, drug_drug with Epinastine, drug_drug with Epinastine, drug_drug with Almotriptan, drug_drug with Almotriptan. Definitions: donepezil defined as following: The hydrochloride salt of a piperidine derivative with neurocognitive-enhancing activity. Donepezil reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, thereby blocking the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and, consequently, increasing its activity. This agent may improve neurocognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, reduce sedation associated with opioid treatment of cancer pain, and improve neurocognitive function in patients who have received radiation therapy for primary brain tumors or brain metastases.. Presenile dementia defined as following: The presence of Presenile dementia in an individual younger than age sixty five.. Alzheimer's disease defined as following: Alzheimer's disease with an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is rilonacept effective for pericarditis?", "id": "converted_144", "sentence1": "Is rilonacept effective for pericarditis?", "sentence2": " Concerning acute recurrent pericarditis (Retinitis Pigmentosa), an innovative interaction between cardiologists, internists and pediatric rheumatologists led to the intuition of a pivotal role of Interleukin-1 in recurrent pericarditis characterized by an evident inflammatory recurrent phenotype, and recent data have shown the striking efficacy of anakinra and rilonacept in these patients. , Pericarditis is regarded as a stereotypical response to an acute damage of the Mesothelial cell of the pericardial layers. NLRP3 inflammasome, a macromolecular structure sensing damage and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, is centrally involved as it releases interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, whose auto-induction feeds an autoinflammatory disease, mostly responsible for recurrences. colchicine, an PPP1R1A gene of NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and Interleukin-1-targeted therapies, such as anakinra and rilonacept, were found to effectively blunt the acute inflammation and reduce the risk for recurrences., Currently, anakinra and rilonacept, have demonstrated beneficial impact in clinical outcomes with a reasonable safety profile in randomized clinical trials. There is still paucity of data regarding the use of canakinumab in the treatment of patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa. , rilonacept: A Newly Approved Treatment for Recurrent Pericarditis., OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of rilonacept for the prevention and treatment of recurrent pericarditis (Retinitis Pigmentosa)., CONCLUSION: rilonacept is a safe, once weekly, subcutaneously administered Interleukin-1 \"trap,\" indicated for the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa, and reduction in risk of recurrent pericarditis in adults and children \u226512 years of age., Overproduction of both IL-1\u03b1 (released by inflamed/damaged pericardial cells) and IL-1\u03b2 (released by Inflammatory cell) is now a well-recognized therapeutic target in patients with recurrent idiopathic pericarditis. Currently, there are three available anti-Interleukin-1 agents: anakinra (recombinant human IL-1Ra), rilonacept (a soluble decoy receptor 'trap', binding both IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2), and canakinumab (human monoclonal anti-IL-1\u03b2 antibody). [SEP]Relations: rilonacept has relations: drug_drug with Permethrin, drug_drug with Permethrin, drug_drug with Teriflunomide, drug_drug with Teriflunomide, drug_drug with Pertussis vaccine, drug_drug with Pertussis vaccine, drug_drug with Perhexiline, drug_drug with Perhexiline, drug_drug with Dofetilide, drug_drug with Dofetilide. Definitions: colchicine defined as following: A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).. anakinra defined as following: A synthetic form of native human IL-1Ra that has an additional methionine residue at its amino terminus.. Mesothelial cell defined as following: A flat cell of mesenchymal origin that forms the superficial layer of the serosal membranes lining the body cavities of the abdomen and thorax.. canakinumab defined as following: A recombinant monoclonal antibody targeting human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Canakinumab binds IL-1b and prevents the binding of IL-1b to the Interleukin-1 receptor and inhibits IL-1b-mediated signaling. This may suppress inflammatory responses mediated by IL-1b. IL-1b, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in inflammation.. Interleukin-1 defined as following: A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of Interleukin-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.. Pericarditis defined as following: Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.. Retinitis Pigmentosa defined as following: Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.. pericarditis defined as following: Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is tebentafusp effective for uveal melanoma?", "id": "converted_148", "sentence1": "Is tebentafusp effective for uveal melanoma?", "sentence2": "Tebentafusp (tebentafusp-tebn; Kimmtrak\u00ae) is a first-in-class, bispecific gp100 peptide-HLA-A*02:01 directed T cell receptor (transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair) CD3 T cell engager being developed by Immunocore for the treatment of uveal melanoma and melanoma. , This article summarizes the milestones in the development of tebentafusp leading to this first approval for unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma., Tebentafusp was granted full approval on January 25th 2022 in the setting of HLA-A*02:01-positive adult patients with unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma., In a large meta-analysis, surgical treatment was associated with 6 months longer median overall survival as compared to conventional chemotherapy and, recently, tebentafusp as first-line treatment at the first interim analysis of a randomized phase III trial likewise provided a 6 months longer median overall survival compared to investigator's choice, mostly pembrolizumab; these treatments currently apply to selected patients. [SEP]Relations: melanoma has relations: contraindication with Entacapone, contraindication with Entacapone, contraindication with Rasagiline, contraindication with Rasagiline, contraindication with Methoxsalen, contraindication with Methoxsalen, contraindication with Amantadine, contraindication with Amantadine, disease_protein with MTPAP, disease_protein with MTPAP. Definitions: transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair defined as following: The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. [PMID:10197977, PMID:11900249]. melanoma defined as following: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is erenumab effective for trigeminal neuralgia?", "id": "converted_150", "sentence1": "Is erenumab effective for Trigeminal Neuralgia?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: Erenumab did not reduce pain intensity compared with placebo in patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide probably does not have an important role in paroxysmal pain., There was no difference between groups in the number of responders at 4 weeks in the intention-to-treat population (14 [35%] of 40 with erenumab vs 18 [45%] of 40 with placebo; estimated effect size -10% [95% CI -31 to 11]; p=0\u00b736). 20 (50%) of 40 participants reported adverse events in each group. [SEP]Relations: Trigeminal Neuralgia has relations: disease_disease with cranial neuralgia, disease_disease with cranial neuralgia, disease_protein with IL1B, disease_protein with IL1B, disease_protein with MAPK9, disease_protein with MAPK9, disease_protein with TNF, disease_protein with TNF, disease_protein with GRIN1, disease_protein with GRIN1. Definitions: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide defined as following: A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.. Trigeminal Neuralgia defined as following: A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can other vaccines be given with COVID-19 vaccine?", "id": "converted_152", "sentence1": "Can other Vaccines be given with COVID19 (document) VACCINE?", "sentence2": "Simultaneous vaccination with ChAdOx1 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-BNT162b2 plus an age-appropriate influenza vaccine raises no safety concerns and preserves antibody responses to both Vaccines. Simultaneous vaccination with both COVID19 (document) and influenza Vaccines over the next immunisation season should reduce the burden on health-care services for vaccine delivery, allowing for timely vaccine administration and protection from COVID19 (document) and influenza for those in need., It is unknown if the efficacy of the Coronavirus Infections disease-19 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine is affected by the co-administration of other Vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shifted their recommendations recently, allowing for the co-administration of the currently available COVID19 (document) Vaccines with other Vaccines. This is based on the experience with non-COVID19 (document) Vaccines, where the immunogenicity and adverse event profiles were generally similar when Vaccines are administered simultaneously or alone. , Although the administration of Tdap with COVID19 (document) VACCINE in our case caused delay in immunogenicity, it did not negate the ability of the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine to elicit an adequate immune response., Simultaneous administration of COVID19 (document) and influenza Vaccines could reduce burden on health-care systems. We aimed to assess the safety of concomitant administration of ChAdOx1 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-BNT162b2 plus an age-appropriate influenza vaccine., In this multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial, adults in receipt of a single dose of ChAdOx1 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-BNT162b2 were enrolled at 12 UK sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive concomitant administration of either an age-appropriate influenza vaccine or placebo alongside their second dose of COVID19 (document) VACCINE.[SEP]Relations: COVID19 (document) has relations: disease_disease with COVID19 (document) or sequela, disease_disease with COVID19 (document) or sequela, disease_disease with Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease, disease_disease with Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease, disease_disease with COVID19 (document)\u2013associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, disease_disease with COVID19 (document)\u2013associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Rotavirus infection has relations: disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious disease, disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious disease, disease_disease with digestive system infectious disease, disease_disease with digestive system infectious disease. Definitions: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 (document)) vaccine, mRNA-BNT162b2 defined as following: A formulation consisting of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulating a nucleoside modified messenger RNA (modRNA) encoding an optimized form of the full-length severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (SP), with potential immunizing and anti-COVID19 (document) activities. Upon injection of tozinameran, the LNPs bind to the plasma membrane of nearby cells and release SARS-CoV-2 SP mRNA into the cell. The mRNA is then translated by the cellular protein translation machinery to produce SARS-CoV-2 SP. This may stimulate the immune system to induce an antibody and T-cell-mediated immune response. This may provide active immunization against SARS-CoV-2 infection. SP, usually found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, plays an essential role in the infection pathway of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.. Coronavirus Infections defined as following: Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).. Simultaneous defined as following: Accessory, accompanying especially in a subordinate or incidental way, occurring or existing during the same period of time.. Vaccines defined as following: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is music therapy effective for pain management in neonates?", "id": "converted_154", "sentence1": "Is music therapy effective for pain management in neonates?", "sentence2": "This review supports the beneficial effects of music-based interventions on the health of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit; however, it also offers suggestions for future studies in order to increase the number of interventions with music therapists, since the results of music therapy approaches were more consistent for physiological and behavioural outcomes., No effect of a musical intervention on stress response to venepuncture in a neonatal population., Our findings did not support the additional benefit of music intervention on neonatal stress response to venepuncture in preterm infants., BF could significantly reduce pain response in healthy-term neonates during heel lance. Manual Therapies did not enhance the effect of pain relief of BF.[SEP]Definitions: Manual Therapies defined as following: A physical treatment primarily used to treat musculoskeletal pain and disability through physical manipulation of the body..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is there any association between Tripe palms and cancer?", "id": "converted_160", "sentence1": "Is there any association between Acanthosis palmaris and cancer?", "sentence2": "ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS MALIGNA: Symmetrical mainly intertriginous hyperpigmentation with partially Verrucous hyperplasia and Lichenification of skin mostly in association with Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Special forms are florid Cutaneous papillomatosis and Acanthosis palmaris., Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder with ANOREXIA NERVOSA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1 concomitant with Acanthosis palmaris (LCN1 gene) and/or mucosal involvement is relatively rare and, to our knowledge, only seven cases of ANOREXIA NERVOSA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1 with bladder cancer have been reported in the English literature. , BACKGROUND: Acanthosis palmaris (LCN1 gene) is one of the rare cutaneous paraneoplastic manifestations of various intra-abdominal malignancies. , BACKGROUND: Acanthosis nigricans absent absent (ANOREXIA NERVOSA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1), Leser-Tr\u00e9lat sign, and Tripe palm are all skin diseases. To date, reports of these appearing as a Paraneoplastic Syndromes in a Malignant neoplasm of stomach patient are quite rare., Finally, yet another collection of paraneoplastic skin disorders can associate themselves with anatomically-diverse malignancies (Leser-Trelat syndrome, Trousseau syndrome, Adult type Adult type dermatomyositis, Erythema gyratum repens, hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita, papuloerythroderma of Ofuji, Acanthosis palmaris, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis). Recognition of these processes by the pathologist can be a valuable step in the characterization of underlying malignant diseases.[SEP]Relations: pustulosis palmaris et plantaris has relations: disease_protein with APOE, disease_protein with APOE, disease_protein with RUNX3, disease_protein with RUNX3, disease_protein with TAGAP, disease_protein with TAGAP, disease_protein with CRP, disease_protein with CRP, disease_protein with LCE3D, disease_protein with LCE3D. Definitions: Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder defined as following: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the bladder.. Gastric Adenocarcinoma defined as following: An adenocarcinoma arising from the stomach glandular epithelium. Gastric adenocarcinoma is primarily a disease of older individuals. It most commonly develops after a long period of atrophic gastritis and is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The lack of early symptoms often delays the diagnosis of Malignant neoplasm of stomach. The majority of patients present with advanced tumors which have poor rates of curability. Microscopically, two important histologic types of Gastric Adenocarcinoma are recognized: the intestinal and diffuse type. The overall prognosis of gastric adenocarcinomas is poor, even in patients who receive a \"curative\" resection (adapted from Sternberg's Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed., 1999).. Paraneoplastic Syndromes defined as following: In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.. Adult type dermatomyositis defined as following: Dermatomyositis in an adult.. Malignant neoplasm of stomach defined as following: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the stomach..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) be associated with a mutation of the Super Oxide Dismutase 1 (SOD) gene?", "id": "converted_166", "sentence1": "Can Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) be associated with a Mutation Abnormality of the Super Oxide Dismutase 1 (Septo-Optic Dysplasia) Genes?", "sentence2": "Approximately 2% of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) cases are caused by mutations in the super oxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes a, . The two most widely studied ALS/FTLD models, super-oxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase), A novel Mutation Abnormality of the Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 Genes which encodes the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase was identified in a family manifesting AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) in three generations., Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Genes (Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1) are reported in 20% of familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) cases, but no definite report of a Mutation Abnormality in a \"truly\" sporadic case of ALS has been proved., Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) is one of the most commonly mutated genes in ALS, and more than 160 mutations in Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase have been reported., Mutations of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1) Genes were recently implicated in the pathogenesis of familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS)., Over 30 different mutations of Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 have now been identified in families with ALS., A novel Mutation Abnormality of Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 (glycine 108 Val) in familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1., Approximately 2% of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) cases are caused by mutations in the super oxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes and Mice, Transgenic for these mutations recapitulate many features of this devastating Neurodegenerative Disorders., Mutations of the Genes Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1, which encodes the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, occur in patients with a familial form of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS)., Autosomal-dominant familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (FALS) is associated with Mutation Abnormality in the Genes that encodes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase)., (1996) (Morita, M., Aoki, M., Abe, K., Hasegawa, T., Sakuma, R., Onodera, Y., Ichikawa, N., Nishizawa, M. and Itoyama, Y., A novel two-base Mutation Abnormality in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Genes associated with familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 in Japan., Mutations of the Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes, which encodes the enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, are associated with familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS)., Familial ALS is associated with mutations in all Exons of Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase: a novel Mutation Abnormality in exon 3 (Gly72Ser)., Here we report tight genetic linkage between FALS and a Genes that encodes a Cytoplasmic matrix, Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase), a homodimeric metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide anion US Military Commissioned Officer US Military Commissioned Officer O2.- to US Military Commissioned Officer US Military Commissioned Officer O2 and hydrogen peroxide (ref., Familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (FALS), a degenerative disorder of Neurons, Efferent, is associated with mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Genes Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase in some affected families., Eight of 38 patients (21%) with familial and 5 of 175 patients (3%) with sporadic AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) had missense mutations in the Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 Genes., The Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes encoding the superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) protein is mutated in approximately 15% of familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) and 3% of sporadic ALS., About 20% of ALS families are associated with mutations in the Genes for superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) encoded on chromosome 21q22.1., The superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes is the first Genes for familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) with Autosomal dominant inheritance., Dominant mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes have been shown to cause a familial form of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase-ALS).,  Mutations in the Genes encoding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1) have been identified in cases of familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 linked to Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21., Mutations in the Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes have been reported in some pedigrees with Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (FALS).,  Mutation in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) have been associated with one kind of familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS1)., Accumulated evidence implies that mutations in the Genes coding for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia) are associated with the pathogenesis of the familial form of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS).,  have reported Point Mutation in the Cytoplasmic matrix Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia 1) Genes in some families with familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS)., All mutations in the Human Genes for CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) reported to date are associated with the disease AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS)., Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes have been reported to cause adult-onset autosomal dominant AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (FALS)., We report the absence of superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1) Gene Mutation in 30 patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS) including individuals with a confirmed family history of ALS (familial ALS/FALS), ALS with an unclear family history (UFALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS)., A predilection for disease onset in the lower limbs appears to be a distinguishing feature of familial ALS with Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 mutations, and accords with findings in transgenic mouse models., is a new type of Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Mutation Abnormality which may be associated with familial AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1.CON, To delineate ALS associated with this particular CuZn-Septo-Optic Dysplasia Mutation Abnormality from ALS without mutations, we performed a detailed neurophysiological study of the corticomotoneuronal function using peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) in eight ALS patients homozygous for the D90A CuZn-Septo-Optic Dysplasia Mutation Abnormality., ateral sclerosis (ALS) cases, but no definite report of a Mutation Abnormality in a \"truly\" sporadic case of ALS has been proved. We present the first case of a n, It has been reported that mutations in the superoxide dismutase (Septo-Optic Dysplasia) 1 Genes can lead to ALS., Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) Genes have been found in 12%-23% of patients diagnosed with familial ALS., INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the Genes encoding the free radical scavenging enzyme CuZn-superoxide dismutase have been associated with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 (ALS), Up to 20% of ALS cases are inherited (familial, fALS) and associated with mutations, usually of the superoxide dismutase type 1 (Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1) Genes.[SEP]Relations: AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 has relations: disease_protein with ALS2, disease_protein with ALS2, disease_protein with Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase, disease_protein with Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase, disease_protein with SOD2, disease_protein with SOD2, disease_disease with motor neuron disease, disease_disease with motor neuron disease, disease_protein with JUND, disease_protein with JUND. Definitions: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 defined as following: A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.. AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 defined as following: A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower Neurons, Efferent in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of Neurons, Efferent with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94). Gene Mutation defined as following: The result of any gain, loss or alteration of the sequences comprising a Genes, including all sequences transcribed into RNA.. superoxide dismutase 1 defined as following: A superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase) that requires copper and zinc ions for its activity to destroy SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICALS within the CYTOPLASM. Mutations in the Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes are associated with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS-1.. Mutation defined as following: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.. Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes defined as following: This Genes plays a role in the detoxification of superoxide radicals in the cytosol.. Septo-Optic Dysplasia defined as following: A very rare congenital syndrome characterized by hypoplasia of the optic nerve, impaired vision, absence of the septum pellucidum and hypopituitarism.. Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase defined as following: Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (154 aa, ~16 kDa) is encoded by the human Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Genes. This protein is involved in the conversion of superoxides into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.. Autosomal dominant inheritance defined as following: A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a Genes encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. [HPO:curators]. hydrogen peroxide defined as following: A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.. Cytoplasmic matrix defined as following: Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.. Septo-Optic Dysplasia-1 defined as following: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = US Military Commissioned Officer O2 + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.15.1.1, GOC:vw, PMID:15064408]. US Military Commissioned Officer O2 defined as following: A Commissioned Officer US Military Commissioned Officer O2 is a First Lieutenant in all US military branches except in the Coast Guard and Navy where it is a Lieutenant Junior Grade.. Point Mutation defined as following: A Mutation Abnormality caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.. glycine defined as following: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.. Exons defined as following: The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.. Neurodegenerative Disorders defined as following: Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.. Mutation Abnormality defined as following: Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of Mutation Abnormality range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including cancer.. Mice, Transgenic defined as following: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.. Neurons, Efferent defined as following: Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.. Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. ALS defined as following: A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower Neurons, Efferent in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of Neurons, Efferent with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Are any medications available to prevent COVID-19 following exposure?", "id": "converted_172", "sentence1": "Are any medications available to prevent COVID19 (document) following exposure?", "sentence2": "Casirivimab/imdevimab (REGN-COV), a cocktail of Neutralising antibodies analysis against the receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections 2 (SARS-CoV-2) M Protein, multiple myeloma, was shown to be an effective treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis measure for Coronavirus Infections disease 2019 (COVID19 (document))., The high titer of IgGSP supports the clinical benefit of therapeutic and prophylactic use of REGN-COV from the serological point of view., We collected serological data of patients with COVID19 (document) who were treated with REGN-COV 1200\u00a0mg (casirivimab 600\u00a0mg/imdevimab 600\u00a0mg)., Based on the current very low- to low-certainty evidence, we are uncertain about the efficacy and safety of ivermectin used to treat or prevent COVID19 (document). , Overall, the reliable evidence available does not support the use ivermectin for treatment or prevention of COVID19 (document) outside of well-designed randomized trials., Currently, evidence on efficacy and safety of ivermectin for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases and COVID19 (document) treatment is conflicting., We report primary results of a phase 3 trial of AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) for post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic Coronavirus Infections disease 2019 (COVID19 (document))., This study did not meet the primary efficacy endpoint of post-exposure prevention of symptomatic COVID19 (document) with AZD7442 versus placebo., This systematic review was performed to determine the population that benefited from prophylactic ivermectin. , Ivermectin was associated with a lower risk of COVID19 (document) (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.40) in the pre-exposure population, whereas no protective effect was observed in the post-exposure population (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09-1.67). In summary, prophylactic ivermectin did not prevent COVID19 (document) in the post-exposure population. Although the protective effect of ivermectin was shown in the overall and pre-exposure populations, the results were unreliable owing to poor-quality evidence., This rigorous randomized controlled trial among persons with recent exposure excluded a clinically meaningful effect of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis to prevent SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases., Effective prevention against Coronavirus Infections disease 2019 (COVID19 (document)), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently limited to nonpharmaceutical strategies., To test hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases., chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine has demonstrated no effect on the treatment of hospitalized COVID19 (document) patients. This study aimed to answer questions related to the use of hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases and in the treatment of patients with mild COVID19 (document) in terms of hospitalization, adverse events, and mortality., The use of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases or treatment of patients with mild COVID19 (document) is not recommended., No statistically significant differences were found between the hydroxychloroquine and control groups in terms of pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases., Rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variant jeopardize antibody-based countermeasures. Although Cell Culture Techniques experiments have demonstrated a loss of potency of several anti-spike Neutralising antibodies analysis against variant strains of SARS-CoV-21-3, the in vivo importance of these results remains uncertain., Therefore, many-but not all-of the antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should retain substantial efficacy against the prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2., Although some individual mAbs showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity in Cell Culture Techniques against B.1.351, B.1.1.28, B.1.617.1 and B.1.526 viruses with Gene Mutation at Residue E484 of the M Protein, multiple myeloma, low prophylactic doses of Monoclonal Antibody [EPC] combinations protected against Communicable Diseases by many Variant in K18-hACE2 Mice, Transgenic, 129S2 immunocompetent CASP14 gene and hamsters, without the emergence of resistance. , hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been tried against COVID19 (document) owing to its in vitro virucidal action against SARS-CoV-2, but the role of HCQ as post-exposure prophylaxis (cyclophosphamide/prednisolone/teniposide) remains inconclusive.[SEP]Relations: chloroquine has relations: drug_drug with Sofosbuvir, drug_drug with Sofosbuvir, drug_drug with Gadodiamide, drug_drug with Gadodiamide, drug_drug with Tacrolimus, drug_drug with Tacrolimus, drug_drug with Elbasvir, drug_drug with Elbasvir, drug_drug with Efonidipine, drug_drug with Efonidipine. Definitions: Variant defined as following: An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.. ivermectin defined as following: A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.. Communicable Diseases defined as following: An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.. chloroquine defined as following: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. Cell Culture Techniques defined as following: Any laboratory procedure for growing cells or tissues in vitro.. hydroxychloroquine defined as following: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). Coronavirus Infections defined as following: Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).. Residue defined as following: A single unit within a polymer; a recognizable molecular fragment embedded in a larger molecule.. Mice, Transgenic defined as following: Laboratory CASP14 gene that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.. M Protein, multiple myeloma defined as following: A protein complex comprised of two heavy chains and two light chains. Monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein) is found in abundance in patients who have multiple myeloma. The protein is not produced in response to an antigen, but it is expressed in malignant plasma cells and excreted into the blood and urine.. SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases defined as following: A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID19 (document) severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID19 (document) (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A Coronavirus Infections, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent.. Gene Mutation defined as following: The result of any gain, loss or alteration of the sequences comprising a gene, including all sequences transcribed into RNA..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Has RTA 408 received FDA approval?", "id": "converted_173", "sentence1": "Has RTA 408 received FDA approval?", "sentence2": "Forced overexpression of HMOX1 gene, pharmacological activation of HMOX1 gene with the Agonist RTA 408 (omaveloxolone, an FDA-approved drug) and RTA-402 repressed cell death, and treatment with HMOX1 gene antagonist Sn Protoporphyrin exacerbated the cell death. [SEP]Relations: Protoporphyrin has relations: drug_drug with Tretinoin, drug_drug with Tretinoin, drug_drug with Porfimer sodium, drug_drug with Porfimer sodium, drug_protein with FTL, drug_protein with FTL, drug_drug with Verteporfin, drug_drug with Verteporfin. Definitions: Agonist defined as following: An agent that has affinity for a receptor and intrinsic activity at that receptor.. HMOX1 gene defined as following: This gene is involved in heme catabolism and cellular homeostasis.. RTA 408 defined as following: A member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds and an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2, Nfe2l2), with potential chemopreventive activity. Upon administration, RTA 408 activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. In turn, Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes with a small Maf protein (sMaf), and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). This induces the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO1, HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Gclm), and increases the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Nrf2, a leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a key role in the maintenance of redox balance and cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Check for \"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/intervention/C113443\" active clinical trials using this agent. (\"http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C113443\" NCI Thesaurus). RTA defined as following: A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can reinfection occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "id": "converted_177", "sentence1": "Can Reinfection occur after SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases?", "sentence2": "A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions previously infected subjects. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of Reinfection and COVID19 (document) following primary Communicable Diseases., Reinfection rates were still 0.66% after \u226512\u2009months from first Communicable Diseases, and the risk was substantially lower among vaccinated subjects (0.32% vs. 0.74% for unvaccinated individuals). During the first 3\u00a0months of Greek letter omicron wave, the Reinfection rates reached 3.31%., A strong natural immunity follows the primary Communicable Diseases and may last for more than one year, suggesting that the risk and health care needs of recovered subjects might be limited. Although the Reinfection rates considerably increased during the Greek letter omicron wave, the risk of a secondary severe or lethal disease remained very low., Despite over 140\u00a0million SARS-CoV-2 Infections of musculoskeletal system worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic, relatively few confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection have been reported. While immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases is probable, at least in the short term, few studies have quantified the Reinfection risk., Reinfection was an uncommon event (absolute rate 0%-1.1%), with no study reporting an increase in the risk of Reinfection over time. Only one study estimated the population-level risk of Reinfection based on whole genome sequencing in a subset of patients; the estimated risk was low (0.1% [95% CI: 0.08-0.11%]) with no evidence of waning immunity for up to 7\u00a0months following primary Communicable Diseases. These data suggest that naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 immunity does not wane for at least 10\u00a0months post-Communicable Diseases. However, the applicability of these studies to new Variant or to vaccine-induced immunity remains uncertain., The risk of Reinfection increased almost 18-fold following emergence of the Greek letter omicron variant compared with Data types - Data types - Delta., Better understanding of the protective duration of prior SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases against Reinfection is needed., This large US population-based study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection is uncommon among individuals with laboratory evidence of a previous Communicable Diseases. Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection is stable up to one year., The duration of protection against Reinfection was stable over the median 5 months and up to 1-year follow-up interval., Among >22 million individuals tested February 2020 through April 2021, the relative risk of Reinfection among those with prior Communicable Diseases was 87% lower than the risk of Communicable Diseases among individuals without prior Communicable Diseases. This protection was durable for up to a year., The aim of this study was a comparison of immunoglobulin complex location level after Communicable Diseases caused by Data types - Data types - Delta and Greek letter omicron Variant. The study included 203 persons who underwent mild COVID19 (document) despite two doses of vaccine. The obtained results indicate that a significantly lower titer was observed in patients with the Greek letter omicron variant Communicable Diseases. Therefore, these patients may be at risk of Reinfection with new strains of the Greek letter omicron variant., SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases does not confer long immunity. However, studies suggest that prior Communicable Diseases is associated with lower risk of Reinfection and milder outcomes of recurrent Infections of musculoskeletal system., Reinfection with the SARS-CoV-2 Data types - Data types - Delta variant resulted in fewer hospitalizations compared to the primary Data types - Data types - Delta Communicable Diseases, suggesting that primary Communicable Diseases may, to some extent, produce at least short lasting protective immunity., The vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID19 (document) disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of Reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID19 (document)., Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Communicable Diseases and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against Reinfection lasts., Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that true Reinfection following SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases is possible., Our findings indicate that Reinfection results in restricted SARS-CoV-2 replication despite substantial levels of humoral immunity, denoting the potential for transmission through reinfected asymptomatic individuals., Prior to the emergence of antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variant, reinfections were reported infrequently - presumably due to the generation of durable and protective immune responses.,  It is currently unclear whether the previous Communicable Diseases with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against Reinfection with VOCs., Our case supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection may occur once immunoglobulin complex location titers decrease or following the emergence of a new variant., Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 has been well documented, yet little is known about the degree of protection a previous Communicable Diseases provides against Reinfection, especially against Variants of Concern (VOC)., Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is a strong possibility. This case raises concerns that asymptomatic Infections of musculoskeletal system may not provide long-term protective immunity to all patients, which could make them susceptible to Reinfection., The rate of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is relatively low. The protection against SARS-CoV-2 after natural Communicable Diseases is comparable to that estimated for vaccine efficacy., SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection can occur but is a rare phenomenon suggestive of protective immunity against Reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post primary Communicable Diseases., Reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 under endemic conditions would likely occur between 3 months and 5\u00b71 years after peak immunoglobulin complex location response, with a median of 16 months., It is currently unclear whether severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Infections 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection will remain a rare event, only occurring in individuals who fail to mount an effective immune response, or whether it will occur more frequently when humoral immunity wanes following primary Communicable Diseases.[SEP]Relations: Rotavirus Communicable Diseases has relations: disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious disease, disease_disease with Reoviridae infectious disease. RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV Communicable Diseases has relations: pathway_protein with GTF2F2, pathway_protein with GTF2F2, pathway_protein with GTF2H2, pathway_protein with GTF2H2, pathway_protein with GTF2F1, pathway_protein with GTF2F1, pathway_protein with GTF2H4, pathway_protein with GTF2H4. Definitions: Variant defined as following: An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.. Reinfection defined as following: Infection by the same infectious agent following a recovery. Reinfection may be by a different strain or the same strain.. Communicable Diseases defined as following: An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.. Coronavirus Infections defined as following: Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).. immunoglobulin complex location defined as following: A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. [GOC:add, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781765196]. SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases defined as following: A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID19 (document) severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID19 (document) (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A Coronavirus Infections, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Does mutation of ARTEMIS gene causes severe combined immunodeficiency?", "id": "converted_185", "sentence1": "Does mutation of ARTEMIS gene causes severe Combined immunodeficiency disease?", "sentence2": "RESULTS: Seven infants were diagnosed with SCID, yielding an incidence of 1 in 22,819 live births. Four of these infants had DCLRE1C gene wt Allele-type SCID., DCLRE1C gene wt Allele deficiency disrupts development of adaptive immunity and leads to radiosensitive T- B- severe Combined immunodeficiency disease (Severe Combined immunodeficiency disease with sensitivity to ionizing radiation)., Encouraging data for X-SCID and preclinical work for DCLRE1C gene wt Allele-SCID and RAG1-SCID are paving the way for the therapy to become a viable curative treatment option., Pathogenic variants in DCLRE1C gene gene encoding DCLRE1C gene wt Allele cause T-B-NK+ severe Combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), and patients with DCLRE1C gene wt Allele-deficient SCID (ART-SCID) require definitive therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Hematocrit procedure).[SEP]Relations: severe Combined immunodeficiency disease (disease) has relations: disease_protein with STAT5A, disease_protein with STAT5A, disease_protein with STAT1, disease_protein with STAT1, disease_disease with recombinase activating gene 1 deficiency, disease_disease with recombinase activating gene 1 deficiency, disease_protein with ADA, disease_protein with ADA, disease_protein with PNP, disease_protein with PNP. Definitions: DCLRE1C gene defined as following: This gene is involved in both DNA repair and V(D)J recombination.. DCLRE1C wt Allele defined as following: Human DCLRE1C gene wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 10p13 and is approximately 97 kb in length. This allele, which encodes protein artemis, plays a role in the mediation of both V(D)J recombination and DNA repair via nonhomologous end joining. Mutation of the gene is associated with severe Combined immunodeficiency disease Athabaskan type and Omenn syndrome.. Hematocrit procedure defined as following: The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.. Combined immunodeficiency disease defined as following: A broad classification of inherited disorders presenting at birth that affect both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of the immune response. Circulating numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells are variable but where present do not function properly. Susceptibility to infection is the primary concern.. DCLRE1C wt Allele-deficient SCID defined as following: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the DCLRE1C gene gene, encoding protein artemis. It is characterized by severe Combined immunodeficiency disease that is T-cell negative, B-cell negative, NK-cell positive. Sensitivity to ionizing radiation and a high incidence of occurrence amongst the Athabascan Indians are also characteristic of this disease.. mutation defined as following: Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of mutation range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including cancer..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is Wilson's disease described as an iron storage disease?", "id": "converted_186", "sentence1": "Is Wilson's Disease described as an Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation storage Disease?", "sentence2": "Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration), an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that mostly affects the Abdomen>Liver and Head>Brain;, Wilsons Disease is a rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder of copper transportation, which is fatal if not treated., Wilsons Disease and idiopathic toxicosis are examples of severe Chronic Abdomen>Liver Disease that are the results of genetic predisposition to the Hepatic accumulation of copper., Wilson Disease is a genetic copper storage disorder that causes Hepatic and neurologic symptoms. , Wilson's Disease represents a copper storage Disease., Hereditary hemochromatosis and Wilson Disease are autosomal recessive storage disorders of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation and copper overload, respectively., Hereditary deposition of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation (Hereditary hemochromatosis) or copper (Wilson's Disease) are autosomal recessive metabolic Disease characterized by progressive Abdomen>Liver pathology and subsequent involvement of various other Organ., OBJECTIVES: Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) is a Metabolic Diseases leading to Hepatic and extrahepatic copper, Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) is a rare Hereditary Diseases of copper metabolism., Wilson's Disease, a copper storage disorder, in which biliary copper excretion is reduced, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait., BACKGROUND & AIMS: Wilson Disease is a genetic copper storage disorder that causes Hepatic and n, UNLABELLED: Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism, which can lead to severe Abdomen>Liver failure and to a variety of neuropsychiatr, Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) (OMIM# 277900) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by excess copper (Cu) storage in different human Body tissue, such as the Head>Brain, Abdomen>Liver, and the Cornea of the Eye., UNLABELLED: Wilson's Disease (WND) and hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) are two Metals loading diseases of copper and Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation, respectively, and are both recessivel, Wilson's Disease is an autosomal recessive inherited Disease with congenital copper metabolism disorder, characterized by decreased ferroxidase activity and increased Urine copper measurement, which can involve multiple Organ., Wilson's Disease is an autosomal recessive Disease of copper metabolism which is widely recognized as a Disease occurring clinically in children, adolescents, and young adults., Hereditary copper-associated hepatitis in dogs resembles Wilson's Disease, a copper storage Disease in Homo sapiens., Wilson's Disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism causing severe damage to vital Organ., Inherited copper toxic Disease, Wilson's Disease, is an Autosomal Recessive Disorder arising from a defect in biliary copper excretion., Wilson's Disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism with a Hepatic or neurologic presentation., Wilson's Disease is an autosomal recessive Disease of abnormal copper metabolism.,  HEMOCHROMATOSIS, TYPE 1 and Wilson's Disease are known as Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation and copper accumulation disorders, respectively.,  Wilson's Disease represents a copper storage Disease.,  In the new paradigm, Wilson's Disease is seen as a Hereditary Diseases associated with copper intoxication., ve determination of elevated Abdomen>Liver Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation content. Wilson's Disease represents a copper storage Disease. Prominent clinical features are Hepatomegaly an, Wilson's Disease is an Autosomal Recessive Disorder in which the Abdomen>Liver does not properly release copper into Bile fluid, resulting in prominent copper accumulation in various Body tissue., Wilson's Disease is one such\u00a0hereditary Disease\u00a0that creates chaos in Body tissue, usually the Head>Brain and Abdomen>Liver, via deposition of abnormal amounts of copper in them., Wilson's Disease is rare autosomal-recessive disorder originated on the basis of metabolic copper over-storage., Wilson's Disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by Gene Mutation in ATP7B protein, human protein, human and associated with neurological, Psychiatry Specialty, ophthalmological and Hepatic manifestations., PROJECT: Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism characterised by juvenile Abdomen>Liver cirrhosis and by neurological symptoms, OBJECTIVE: Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) is a Hereditary Diseases of copper metabolism, Wilson's Disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism with neurological and Hepatic presentations., Wilson's Disease is an inherited disorder associated with copper accumulation in the Abdomen>Liver, Head>Brain and other vital Organ.[SEP]Relations: hereditary hemochromatosis has relations: disease_disease with disorder of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation metabolism and transport, disease_disease with disorder of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation metabolism and transport, disease_disease with African Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation overload, disease_disease with African Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation overload. Hepatomegaly has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with Wilson Disease, disease_phenotype_positive with Wilson Disease, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage Disease, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage Disease, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage Disease due to glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, disease_phenotype_positive with glycogen storage Disease due to glycogen branching enzyme deficiency. Definitions: Metals defined as following: Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). Autosomal Recessive Disorder defined as following: An inherited disorder manifested only when two copies of a mutated gene are present.. Hereditary hemochromatosis defined as following: An inherited Metabolic Diseases characterized by Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation accumulation in the Body tissue.. Hepatolenticular Degeneration defined as following: A rare autosomal recessive Disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other Organ. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B protein, human gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson Disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive Abdomen>Liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.. Hepatic defined as following: Pertaining to, affecting, or associated with the Abdomen>Liver.. Chronic Abdomen>Liver Disease defined as following: Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal Abdomen>Liver function tests.. Hepatomegaly defined as following: Enlargement of the Abdomen>Liver.. Organ defined as following: A unique macroscopic (gross) anatomic structure that performs specific functions. It is composed of various Body tissue. An organ is part of an anatomic system or a body region. Representative examples include the heart, lung, Abdomen>Liver, spleen, and uterus.. Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation defined as following: homeopathic drug. copper defined as following: A heavy Metals trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.. ferroxidase activity defined as following: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O. [RHEA:11148]. Psychiatry Specialty defined as following: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.. Homo sapiens defined as following: Members of the species Homo sapiens.. ATP7B protein, human defined as following: Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (1465 aa, ~157 kDa) is encoded by the human ATP7B protein, human gene. This protein plays a role in copper ion export.. Body tissue defined as following: Collections of differentiated CELLS, such as EPITHELIUM; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; MUSCLES; and NERVE TISSUE. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form Organ with specialized functions such as RESPIRATION; DIGESTION; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT; and others.. Metabolic Diseases defined as following: Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to Disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the Abdomen>Liver. (Stedman, 26th ed). Hereditary Diseases defined as following: Genetic diseases are diseases in which inherited genes predispose to increased risk. The genetic disorders associated with cancer often result from an alteration or mutation in a single gene. The diseases range from rare dominant cancer family syndrome to familial tendencies in which low-penetrance genes may interact with other genes or environmental factors to induce cancer. Research may involve clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory studies of persons, families, and populations at high risk of these disorders.. Bile fluid defined as following: An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.. Disease defined as following: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.. Abdomen>Liver failure defined as following: Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed). Eye defined as following: The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular Organ made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.. Cornea defined as following: The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed). Gene Mutation defined as following: The result of any gain, loss or alteration of the sequences comprising a gene, including all sequences transcribed into RNA.. Wilson's Disease defined as following: A rare autosomal recessive Disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other Organ. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B protein, human gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson Disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive Abdomen>Liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is omaveloxolone an activator of NFkB?", "id": "converted_188", "sentence1": "Is omaveloxolone an activator of NFkB?", "sentence2": "omaveloxolone (Renal tubular acidosis 408) is an activator of GABPA gene and an PPP1R1A gene of NF\u03baB, possessing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in Mitochondrial Inheritance bioenergetics.[SEP]Relations: GABPA has relations: protein_protein with NFKBIL1, protein_protein with NFKBIL1, protein_protein with FBXO22, protein_protein with FBXO22, molfunc_protein with DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific, molfunc_protein with DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific, protein_protein with RFXANK, protein_protein with RFXANK, protein_protein with FBXO28, protein_protein with FBXO28. Definitions: Mitochondrial Inheritance defined as following: The distribution of mitochondria, including the Mitochondrial Inheritance genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. [GOC:mcc, PMID:10873824, PMID:11389764]. omaveloxolone defined as following: A member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds and an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (GABPA gene, Nfe2l2), with potential chemopreventive activity. Upon administration, omaveloxolone activates the cytoprotective transcription factor GABPA gene. In turn, GABPA gene translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes with a small Maf protein (sMaf), and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). This induces the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO1, HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Gclm), and increases the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). GABPA gene, a leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a key role in the maintenance of redox balance and cytoprotection against oxidative stress.. Renal tubular acidosis defined as following: A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can Efgartigimod be used for myasthenia gravis?", "id": "converted_195", "sentence1": "Can Efgartigimod be used for myasthenia gravis?", "sentence2": "Efgartigimod is an FCGRT gene inhibitor recently approved for Myasthenia Gravis treatment, and rozanolixizumab, nipocalimab and Batoclimab are other agents in clinical trial development. , Efgartigimod (efgartigimod alfa-fcab, Vyvgart\u2122) is a first-in-class neonatal Fc receptor antagonist being developed by argenx for the treatment of Autoimmune Diseases including myasthenia gravis. In December 2021, intravenous efgartigimod received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis in adults who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) immunoglobulin complex location positive., This article summarizes the milestones in the development of efgartigimod leading to this first approval for generalized myasthenia gravis., INTERPRETATION: Efgartigimod was well tolerated and efficacious in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis.[SEP]Relations: myasthenia gravis has relations: contraindication with Orphenadrine, contraindication with Orphenadrine, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Desflurane, contraindication with Brimonidine, contraindication with Brimonidine, contraindication with Fesoterodine, contraindication with Fesoterodine, contraindication with Bendroflumethiazide, contraindication with Bendroflumethiazide. Definitions: Myasthenia Gravis defined as following: A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.. Autoimmune Diseases defined as following: Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.. immunoglobulin complex location defined as following: A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. [GOC:add, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781765196]. myasthenia gravis defined as following: A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Have Quercetin-biapigenin nanoparticles been shown to be effective in penetrating the blood-brain barrier", "id": "converted_196", "sentence1": "Have Quercetin-biapigenin nanoparticles been shown to be effective in penetrating the Blood - brain barrier anatomy", "sentence2": "Quercetin-biapigenin nanoparticles are effective to penetrate the Blood - brain barrier anatomy.,  The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of quercetin-biapigenin encapsulated into poly(\u0190-polycaprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles against t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress in several brain cell lines, as well as evaluate the permeability of those active molecules through an in vitro BBB model., As of our knowledge, this is the first report of quercetin-biapigenin PCL-loaded nanoparticle activity in brain cell., Microbubbles in combination with focused ultrasound for the delivery of quercetin-modified sulfur nanoparticles through the blood brain barrier into the brain parenchyma and relief of endoplasmic reticulum stress to treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1.[SEP]Relations: blood brain barrier has relations: anatomy_anatomy with glial blood brain barrier, anatomy_anatomy with glial blood brain barrier, anatomy_anatomy with cell layer, anatomy_anatomy with cell layer. familial Alzheimer disease has relations: disease_protein with PRNP, disease_protein with PRNP, disease_phenotype_positive with Emotional lability, disease_phenotype_positive with Emotional lability, disease_phenotype_positive with Perseveration, disease_phenotype_positive with Perseveration. Definitions: Blood - brain barrier anatomy defined as following: Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.. brain cell defined as following: header term for the cells that make up the brain; includes neurons, glia, and other specialized cells in the brain.. ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1 defined as following: ALZHEIMER DISEASE, FAMILIAL, 1 caused by mutation(s) in the APP gene, encoding amyloid-beta A4 protein. The onset of this condition typically occurs before age 65..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is adenosine methylation an epigenetic modification?", "id": "converted_202", "sentence1": "Is adenosine methylation an epigenetic ResponseLevel - modification?", "sentence2": "Epigenetic modifications have received increasing attention and have been shown to be extensively involved in kidney development and disease progression. Among them, the most common RNA ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification, N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), has been shown to dynamically and reversibly exert its functions in multiple ways, including splicing, export, decay and translation initiation efficiency to regulate RNA, Messenger fate., N-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most abundant Mammals RNA, Messenger ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification. m6A regulates RNA processing, splicing, nucleation, translation and stability by transferring, removing and recognizing m6A methylation sites, which are critical for cancer initiation, progression, metabolism and metastasis., The METTL3 gene (Mettl3) is a key component of the large N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex in Mammals responsible for RNA N-methyladenosine (m6A) ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification, which plays an important role in gene post-transcription modulation., Methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is a post-transcriptional epigenetic ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification of RNA., N-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic reversible methylation ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification of the adenosine N6 position and is the most common chemical epigenetic ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification among RNA, Messenger post-transcriptional modifications, including methylation, demethylation, and recognition., N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is one of the most common modifications on RNA, Messenger., N-methyladenosine (m6A) is methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the most prevalent internal ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification on eukaryotic RNA, Messenger., The N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is an important epigenetic ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification primarily present on RNA, Messenger that controls the levels of RNA Transcript and efficiency of translation in Eukaryota.[SEP]Relations: RNA ResponseLevel - modification has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with RNA methylation, bioprocess_bioprocess with RNA methylation. Adenosine has relations: drug_drug with Epinastine, drug_drug with Epinastine, drug_effect with Palpitations, drug_effect with Palpitations, drug_drug with 9-Methylguanine, drug_drug with 9-Methylguanine, drug_drug with Anisotropine methylbromide, drug_drug with Anisotropine methylbromide. Definitions: RNA defined as following: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed). RNA Transcript defined as following: The initial RNA molecule produced by transcription.. Eukaryota defined as following: Organism or cells with a nucleus separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalization of function into distinct cytoplasmic organelles.. METTL3 gene defined as following: This gene is involved in methlyation of RNA, Messenger.. adenosine defined as following: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.. RNA ResponseLevel - modification defined as following: The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:1555811337]. ResponseLevel - modification defined as following: <p>Respond with exceptions, completions and modifications or revisions done before completion</p>. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary RNA Transcript in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.. Mammals defined as following: Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can breastfeeding be used to alleviate the procedural pain in neonates?", "id": "converted_204", "sentence1": "Can breastfeeding be used to alleviate the procedural Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- in neonates?", "sentence2": "The duration between breastfeeding and heel lance may influence the perception of Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- in newborns. Keeping this period short, may reduce the perception of Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:-., Breastfeeding and mother's heartbeat sounds, which are non-pharmacological Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- relief methods, are effective in neonatal Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- management. , The best non-pharmacological methods are breastfeeding followed by non-nutritive sucking coupled with sucrose sucking. ,  Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking as primary strategies for Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- management in neonates are useful strategies to consider.[SEP]", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Can lenacapavir be used for HIV?", "id": "converted_205", "sentence1": "Can lenacapavir be used for HIV Infections?", "sentence2": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes available data for lenacapavir, an investigational first-in-class agent that disrupts functioning of HIV Infections Infections capsid protein across multiple steps in the viral life cycle., Lenacapavir (Sunlenca\u00ae) is a long-acting capsid inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type\u00a01 (HIV Infections Infections-1) being developed by Gilead Sciences Inc. , In August 2022, lenacapavir received its first approval in the EU for use in combination with other antiretroviral(s) in adults with multi-drug resistant HIV Infections Infections infection, for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti-viral regimen.[SEP]Definitions: HIV Infections defined as following: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Was prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate effective for stroke in the RIGHT-2 trial?", "id": "converted_215", "sentence1": "Was prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate effective for Cerebrovascular accident in the RIGHT-2 trial?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: Prehospital treatment with transdermal Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms does not seem to improve functional outcome in patients with presumed Cerebrovascular accident. , Conclusions- Prehospital treatment with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms worsened outcomes in patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage. [SEP]Relations: Cerebral hemorrhage has relations: drug_effect with Oxaliplatin, drug_effect with Oxaliplatin, drug_effect with Dabigatran etexilate, drug_effect with Dabigatran etexilate, drug_effect with Trandolapril, drug_effect with Trandolapril, drug_effect with Eptifibatide, drug_effect with Eptifibatide, drug_effect with Alprostadil, drug_effect with Alprostadil. Definitions: Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms defined as following: Gestational Trophoblastic diseases that are malignant. It does not include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. However, there is a minority of authors that consider the term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia synonymous with gestational trophoblastic disease.. Cerebrovascular accident defined as following: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810). Cerebral Hemorrhage defined as following: Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is omaveloxolone a suppressor of Nrf2?", "id": "converted_217", "sentence1": "Is omaveloxolone a suppressor of GABPA gene?", "sentence2": "The Effects of Two GABPA gene Activators, bardoxolone methyl and omaveloxolone, on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival during Ischemic Optic Neuropathy., omaveloxolone (Renal tubular acidosis 408) is an activator of GABPA gene and an PPP1R1A gene of NF\u03baB, possessing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in Mitochondrial Inheritance bioenergetics.[SEP]Relations: NFE2L2 has relations: protein_protein with RNF4, protein_protein with RNF4, protein_protein with PMF1, protein_protein with PMF1, protein_protein with UBE2E2, protein_protein with UBE2E2, protein_protein with TNNT1, protein_protein with TNNT1, protein_protein with MAF, protein_protein with MAF. Definitions: Mitochondrial Inheritance defined as following: The distribution of mitochondria, including the Mitochondrial Inheritance genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. [GOC:mcc, PMID:10873824, PMID:11389764]. GABPA gene defined as following: This gene plays a role in transcriptional regulation.. bardoxolone methyl defined as following: The methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression.. Renal tubular acidosis defined as following: A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.. omaveloxolone defined as following: A member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds and an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (GABPA gene, Nfe2l2), with potential chemopreventive activity. Upon administration, omaveloxolone activates the cytoprotective transcription factor GABPA gene. In turn, GABPA gene translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes with a small Maf protein (sMaf), and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). This induces the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO1, HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Gclm), and increases the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). GABPA gene, a leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a key role in the maintenance of redox balance and cytoprotection against oxidative stress..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can salivary cortisol be used to evaluate pain in neonates?", "id": "converted_218", "sentence1": "Can salivary cortisol be used to evaluate Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- in neonates?", "sentence2": "We observed the increase in Scianna blood group system concentrations in response to painful stimulus. The presence of a correlation between NIPS scores and Scianna blood group system increase suggests that Scianna blood group system can be used as an objective parameter to assess Pain:-:Point in time:^Patient:- in neonates.[SEP]Relations: blood group, lewis system has relations: disease_disease with Mendelian disease, disease_disease with Mendelian disease.", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Does nintedanib improve response rate in patients with bladder cancer?", "id": "converted_219", "sentence1": "Does nintedanib improve response rate in patients with bladder cancer?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: The addition of nintedanib to chemotherapy was safe but did not improve the rate of pathological complete response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.FUNDING: Boehringer Ingelheim.[SEP]Relations: Nintedanib has relations: drug_drug with Nilotinib, drug_drug with Nilotinib, drug_drug with Siltuximab, drug_drug with Siltuximab, drug_drug with Entrectinib, drug_drug with Entrectinib, drug_drug with Neratinib, drug_drug with Neratinib, drug_drug with Ceritinib, drug_drug with Ceritinib. Definitions: nintedanib defined as following: An orally bioavailable, indolinone-derived inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs), with potential antiangiogenic, antifibrotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, nintedanib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) tyrosine kinases, which may result in the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis, the reduction in tumor vasculature, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and migration, and antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, nintedanib also binds to and inhibits members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, including Src, Lck and Lyn, and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3). VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR and CSF1R RTKs play key roles in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as pulmonary fibrosis.. bladder cancer defined as following: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the bladder..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Does SRRM4 regulate neuronal-specific microexon splicing of TAF1 mRNA?", "id": "converted_229", "sentence1": "Does SRRM4 regulate neuronal-specific microexon splicing of TAF1 wt Allele RNA, Messenger?", "sentence2": "Neuronal-specific microexon splicing of TAF1 wt Allele wt Allele RNA, Messenger is directly regulated by SRRM4/nSR100., Knockdown and ectopic expression experiments demonstrate that the neuronal-specific splicing factor SRRM4/nSR100 promotes the inclusion of microexon 34' into TAF1 wt Allele wt Allele\u00a0RNA, Messenger, through the recognition of UGC sequences in the poly-pyrimidine tract upstream of the regulated microexon. [SEP]Relations: Viral Messenger RNA Synthesis has relations: pathway_protein with GTF2F1, pathway_protein with GTF2F1, pathway_protein with RAE1, pathway_protein with RAE1, pathway_protein with POLR2F, pathway_protein with POLR2F, pathway_protein with GTF2F2, pathway_protein with GTF2F2, pathway_protein with POLR2E, pathway_protein with POLR2E. Definitions: TAF1 wt Allele defined as following: Human TAF1 wt Allele wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of Xq13.1 and is approximately 164 kb in length. This allele, which encodes transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 protein, is involved in the progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the mediation of acetyltransferase activity and the regulation of ubiquitination.. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, are the twins identical?", "id": "converted_232", "sentence1": "In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, are the Twin sibling (person) identical?", "sentence2": "hey are genetically identical and those with twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) provide an ideal natural model in whom to study the influence of differing haemodynamic stresses on the developing vascular tre, n twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), genetically identical Twin sibling (person) are exposed to different haemodynamic conditions during Prenatal care life, which are considered to be the cause of prenatal and postnatal Cardiovascular system differences between the donor and the recipient,  To test the hypothesis that identical Twin sibling (person) show no inter-twin differences in Cardiovascular system structure or physiology in Prenatal care life unless there has been twin-twin transfusion syndrome., Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an unusual and serious condition that occurs in twin pregnancies when identical Twin sibling (person) share a Placenta Specimen but develop discordant Amniotic Fluid volumes., Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monozygotic (identical) Twin sibling (person), which share one single monochorionic Placenta Specimen., Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monozygotic (identical) twin fetuses sharing one single (monochorionic) Placenta Specimen., OBJECTIVE: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe pregnancy complication of monochorionic (identical) Twin sibling (person) that results in markedly discordant in utero environments for, BACKGROUND: In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), genetically identical Twin sibling (person) are exposed to different haemodynamic conditions during Prenatal care life, which are considered to be the cause of prenatal and postnatal Cardiovascular system differences between the donor and the recipient.OBJECTIVE: To assess intertwin differences on childhood cardiac outcome after intrauterine laser coagulation therapy (LC) of severe TTTS.DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Prospective, detailed, echocardiographic follow-up of 31 twin pairs aged 9.95\u00b10.8\u2005years (mean\u00b1SD) with severe TTTS treated by LC, and the comparison with reference values.RESULTS: Cardiac function was normal and did not show intertwin d, Twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a serious complication of monozygotic, monochorionic, diamniotic Twin sibling (person) resulting from transplacental vascular communications.,  Most likely, the identical twin transfusion syndrome produces Anoxia <insect> and Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic brain injury during early prenatal development in the smaller identical twin.,  A likely explanation for the association between birthweight and intelligence among identical Twin sibling (person) is the identical twin transfusion syndrome which occurs only between some monochorionic identical twin pairs., The twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a rare but severe complication in monozygotic Twin sibling (person)., Monochorionic Twin sibling (person) are at increased risk for unique complications including twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), and twin-reversed arterial perfusion (cytarabine/daunorubicin/prednisone/thioguanine) sequence.[SEP]Relations: Placenta Specimen has relations: anatomy_protein_present with TRIO, anatomy_protein_present with TRIO, anatomy_protein_present with ERVV-2, anatomy_protein_present with ERVV-2, anatomy_protein_present with PTOV1-AS2, anatomy_protein_present with PTOV1-AS2, anatomy_protein_present with SYNC, anatomy_protein_present with SYNC, anatomy_protein_present with CISD2, anatomy_protein_present with CISD2. Definitions: Prenatal care defined as following: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.. Cardiovascular system defined as following: The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.. cytarabine/daunorubicin/prednisone/thioguanine defined as following: A chemotherapy regimen consisting of cytarabine, daunorubicin, prednisone, and thioguanine that may be used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).. Twin sibling (person) defined as following: Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).. Amniotic Fluid defined as following: A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or Prenatal care plasma. In the second trimester, Amniotic Fluid derives primarily from Prenatal care lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS)..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Optogenetics refers to the study of gene expression optimization", "id": "converted_236", "sentence1": "Optogenetics refers to the study of gene expression optimization", "sentence2": "Optogenetics allows the experimental manipulation of excitable Cells by a light stimulus without the need for technically challenging and invasive procedures., Optogenetics has revolutionized the capability of controlling genetically modified neurons in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo and has become an indispensable neuroscience tool. Using light as a Probe brand of methazole herbicide for selective neuronal activation or inhibition and as a means to read out neural activity has dramatically enhanced our understanding of complex neural circuits. , Optogenetics controls neural activity and behavior in living organisms through genetically targetable actuators and light. , This is a review of the current state of optogenetics-based research in the field of ophthalmology and physiology of vision. Optogenetics employs an interdisciplinary approach that amalgamates gene engineering, optics, and physiology. It involves exogenous expression of a light-activated protein in a very particular Neuron of retina enabling regulation (stimulation vs. inhibition) of its physiological activity, In contrast, optogenetics leverages light-sensitive proteins to control cellular signaling dynamics and target gene expression and, by virtue of precise hardware control over illumination, offers the capacity to interrogate how spatiotemporally varying signals modulate gene regulatory networks and cellular behaviors., As light-gated protein switches, signaling photoreceptors provide the basis for optogenetics, a term that refers to the control of organismal physiology and behavior by light., In this review, we summarize the main optogenetic systems implemented in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which allow orthogonal control (by light) of gene expression, protein subcellular localization, reconstitution of protein activity, and protein sequestration by oligomerization., Optogenetics is the genetic approach for controlling cellular processes with light., The recently introduced term 'optogenetics' describes a variety of techniques for expressing Genes in Neurons that render them responsive to light., Optogenetic expression systems can provide precise control over gene expression timing, location, and amplitude using light as the inducing agent., Optogenetics refers to the control of biological processes with light., Optogenetics refers to a technique that uses light to modulate neuronal activity with a high spatiotemporal resolution, which enables the manipulation of learning and memory functions in the Homo sapiens brain., In optogenetics, as in nature, sensory photoreceptors serve to control cellular processes by light., Optogenetics refers to the Gene Modification of Cells to express light-sensitive proteins, which mediate ion flow or secondary signalling cascades upon light exposure.,  Optogenetics involves the use of genetically encoded and optically active proteins, namely Opsins, to control neuronal circuits.,  (3) A completely different interpretation of optogenetics refers to the light activated expression of a genetically induced Construct., Optogenetics is an innovative technique for optical control of Cells.,  Optogenetics refers to techniques that use light to control the cellular activity of targeted Cells., basis for optogenetics, a term that refers to the control of organismal physiology and behavior by light. We establish as novel optogenetic tools the , Optogenetics refers to the ability to control Cells that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels., Optogenetics refers to the control of biological processes with light. The activation of cellular phenomena by defined wavelengths has several advanta, Optogenetics is the use of genetically coded, light-gated ion channels or pumps (Opsins) for millisecond resolution control of neural activity.[SEP]Relations: regulation of neural retina development has relations: bioprocess_protein with DLL4, bioprocess_protein with DLL4, bioprocess_protein with PTF1A, bioprocess_protein with PTF1A, bioprocess_bioprocess with regulation of developmental process, bioprocess_bioprocess with regulation of developmental process, bioprocess_protein with SIX3, bioprocess_protein with SIX3. Opsins has relations: pathway_protein with OPN1SW, pathway_protein with OPN1SW. Definitions: Neurons defined as following: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.. Probe brand of methazole herbicide defined as following: brand name of methazole herbicide. Homo sapiens defined as following: Members of the species Homo sapiens.. Construct defined as following: An abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances.. Cells defined as following: The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.. Opsins defined as following: Photosensitive proteins in the membranes of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS such as the rods and the cones. Opsins have varied light absorption properties and are members of the G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS family. Their ligands are VITAMIN A-based chromophores.. Gene Modification defined as following: Genetic engineering or molecular biology techniques that involve DNA REPAIR mechanisms for incorporating site-specific modifications into a cell's genome.. Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Was DNX-2401 tested for treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma?", "id": "converted_239", "sentence1": "Was Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD tested for treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma?", "sentence2": "Oncolytic Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD Virus for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma., METHODS: We conducted a single-center, dose-escalation study of Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD, an oncolytic adenovirus that selectively replicates in Specimen Source Codes - Tumor cells, uncertain whether benign or malignant, in patients with newly diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. , CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral infusion of oncolytic virus Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD followed by radiotherapy in pediatric patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma resulted in changes in T-cell activity and a reduction in or stabilization of Specimen Source Codes - Specimen Source Codes - tumor size in some patients but was associated with adverse events., Phase I Trial of Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Newly Diagnosed in Pediatric Patients., OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, tolerability, and Toxic effect of an oncolytic adenovirus, Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD, injected into the cerebellar peduncle in pediatric subjects with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and to collect Specimen Source Codes - Specimen Source Codes - tumor samples of this type of Specimen Source Codes - Specimen Source Codes - tumor., Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD, an Oncolytic Virus, for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas: A Case Report., To this aim, we have designed a clinical Phase I trial for newly diagnosed pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma to investigate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of delivering Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD into Neoplasms within the Pontine structure following biopsy.,  To our knowledge, this is the first report of intratumoral Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD for a patient with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in a clinical trial. [SEP]Relations: diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma has relations: disease_disease with childhood brain stem glioma, disease_disease with childhood brain stem glioma. Glioma has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with Nijmegen breakage syndrome, disease_phenotype_positive with Nijmegen breakage syndrome, drug_effect with Aminolevulinic acid, drug_effect with Aminolevulinic acid, disease_phenotype_positive with retinoblastoma, disease_phenotype_positive with retinoblastoma, disease_phenotype_positive with neurofibromatosis, disease_phenotype_positive with neurofibromatosis. Definitions: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma defined as following: A glioma that grows diffusely in the Pontine structure. It usually affects children and has a poor prognosis.. Oncolytic Ad5-Delta 24RGD defined as following: An adenovirus serotype 5 strain, selectively replication competent in cells defective in the Rb/p16 Specimen Source Codes - tumor suppressor pathway, with potential oncolytic activity. Oncolytic adenovirus Ad5-Delta 24RGD contains an integrin binding RGD-4C motif, allowing Coxsackie adenovirus receptor-independent infection of Specimen Source Codes - Tumor cells, uncertain whether benign or malignant, which are often deficient for Coxsackie and adenovirus receptors (CARs). Selectively replication competent in cells that are defective in retinoblastoma gene (Rb) or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (p16), active replication of oncolytic adenovirus Ad5-Delta 24RGD in Specimen Source Codes - Tumor cells, uncertain whether benign or malignant may induce oncolysis or cell lysis. As integral components of the late G1 restriction point, the Rb gene product and p16 are negative regulators of the cell cycle; ovarian cancer cells and non-small cell lung cancer cells may be defective in the Rb/p16 pathway. Check for \"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/intervention/C74067\" active clinical trials using this agent. (\"http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C74067\" NCI Thesaurus). Neoplasms defined as following: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.. Toxic effect defined as following: The finding of bodily harm due to the poisonous effects of something.. Specimen Source Codes - Tumor cells, uncertain whether benign or malignant defined as following: Cells of, or derived from, a Specimen Source Codes - tumor.. Pontine structure defined as following: The front part of the hindbrain (RHOMBENCEPHALON) that lies between the MEDULLA and the midbrain (MESENCEPHALON) ventral to the cerebellum. It is composed of two parts, the dorsal and the ventral. The Pontine structure serves as a relay station for neural pathways between the CEREBELLUM to the CEREBRUM.. Glioma defined as following: Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) classified as a psychosomatic disorder?", "id": "converted_251", "sentence1": "Is Functional Neurological Disorder (ALX3 gene) classified as a psychosomatic disorder?", "sentence2": "Challenges to the Diagnosis of Functional Neurological Disorder: Feigning, Intentionality, and Responsibility., he diagnosis of Functional Neurological Disorder (ALX3 gene) requires differentiation from other neurologic diseases/syndromes, and from the comparatively rare diagnosis of feigning (Malingering and Factitious Disorder), Functional neurological disorder reflects impairments in brain networks leading to distressing motor, sensory and/or cognitive symptoms that demonstrate positive clinical signs on examination incongruent with other conditions. , Functional neurological disorder and Somatic symptom disorder in Parkinson Disease., The occurrence of Functional Neurological Disorder (ALX3 gene) and Somatic Symptom Disorder (Speech Sound Disorders) in Lugano Lymphoma Response Classification Progressive Disease by PET was not commonly accepted until recently, despite some evidence that emerged in the pre and early levodopa era. , Maladaptive schemas of patients with functional neurological symptom disorder., he psychological underpinnings of functional neurological symptom disorders (FNSD) remain poorly understood. , disintegration of explicit and implicit information processing in patients with FNSD has previously been suggested; however, this suggestion has so far received little empirical support. Trauma, nursing specialty, nursing specialty and maladaptive schemas probably reinforce disintegration in FNSD. The present study explored the occurrence of maladaptive schemas and investigated the impact of trauma-related maladaptive schemas in patients with FNSD., Functional neurological symptom disorder (ALX3 gene) remains a clinical challenge. It is one of the many mimics of Cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord disorders, and lower motor neuron disease. , Previous studies with adults suggest that aberrant communication between neural networks underpins functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene). , Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal or atypical sensorimotor, gait, dissociative, or special sensory symptoms in the absence of structural nervous system lesions to explain the symptoms., Conversion disorder (FNDs), which are sometimes also referred to as psychogenic neurological disorders or conversion disorder, are common disabling neuropsychiatric disorders with limited treatment options., Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms and signs (either motor or sensory) that cannot be explained by any known medical or mental disease., Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is a rare neuropsychiatric illness that commonly presents to the medical setting as opposed to the psychiatric setting., Historically, functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) has been described in psychodynamic terms as the physical manifestation of psychological distress., BACKGROUND: Conversion disorder (FNDs) are common but often misdiagnosed.REVIEW SUMMARY: The incidence of FNDs is between 4 and 12 per 100,000, comparable to Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and it is the second most common dia, Functional Neurological Disorder (ALX3 gene), otherwise known as Conversion Disorder, is characterized by abnormal sensory or motor symptoms that are determined to be \"incompatible\" with nervous system disorder., Conversion disorder or functional neurological disorder is a neurological symptom complex originating from psychological factors, which manifests in voluntary motor and sensory functions or as unexplained epilepsy-like seizures., Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a structural neurological cause., Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is a constellation of common neurological symptoms without exact organic pathophysiology., BACKGROUND: Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is an elusive disorder characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms alongside aberrant cognitive processing and negative affect, often associated with Amygdaloid structure reactivity, Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene), previously regarded as a diagnosis of exclusion, is now a rule-in diagnosis with available treatments., Functional neurological disorder (ALX3 gene) is a common and highly disabling disorder, but its aetiology remains enigmatic.[SEP]Relations: Parkinson disease has relations: disease_disease with autosomal recessive Parkinson disease, disease_disease with autosomal recessive Parkinson disease, disease_disease with parkinson disease, autosomal dominant, disease_disease with parkinson disease, autosomal dominant. nervous system disorder has relations: disease_disease with psychiatric disorder, disease_disease with psychiatric disorder, disease_disease with Balint syndrome, disease_disease with Balint syndrome. somatoform disorder has relations: disease_disease with psychiatric disorder, disease_disease with psychiatric disorder. Definitions: Amygdaloid structure defined as following: Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The Amygdaloid structure is part of the limbic system.. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis defined as following: A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94). Lugano Lymphoma Response Classification Progressive Disease by PET defined as following: A score of 4 or 5 on a 5-point PET scale with an increase in intensity of uptake from baseline and/or new FDG-avid foci consistent with lymphoma at interim or end of treatment assessment.. Multiple Sclerosis defined as following: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903). Conversion disorder defined as following: A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.. nervous system disorder defined as following: Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.. Parkinson Disease defined as following: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75). levodopa defined as following: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. Speech Sound Disorders defined as following: Persistent difficulty with speech sound production such that it interferes with verbal communication.. Trauma, nursing specialty defined as following: Nurses in this specialty provide emergency care to patients of all ages. These nurses work to maintain vital signs and prevent complications and death. Cerebrovascular accident defined as following: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810). psychosomatic disorder defined as following: A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Are accessible enhancers necessarily active?", "id": "converted_252", "sentence1": "Are accessible enhancers necessarily active?", "sentence2": "In this review, it is argued that the relationship between the accessibility and activity of an Enhancer of transcription is insufficiently described by simply considering open versus closed chromatin, or active versus inactive enhancers. Instead, recent studies focusing on the quantitative nature of accessibility signal reveal subtle differences between active enhancers and their different inactive counterparts: the closed silenced state and the accessible primed and repressed states. While the open structure as such is not a specific indicator of Enhancer of transcription activity, active enhancers display a higher degree of accessibility than the primed and repressed states., DNA accessibility is thought to be of major importance in regulating gene expression., Accessibility of promoter DNA is not the primary determinant of chromatin-mediated gene regulation., euchromatin location and Heterochromatin have very similar accessibilities, suggesting that TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR can penetrate Heterochromatin. Thus, DNA accessibility is not likely to be the primary determinant of gene regulation., A major goal in the field of transcriptional regulation is the mapping of changes in the binding of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR to the resultant changes in gene expression., Together, these results show many gene expression changes can happen independently of changes in the accessibility of local chromatin in the context of a single-factor perturbation., While the open structure as such is not a specific indicator of Enhancer of transcription activity, active enhancers display a higher degree of accessibility than the primed and repressed states., Functional enhancers, in contrast with accessible chromatin regions that lack Enhancer of transcription activity, were enriched for Enhancer of transcription RNAs (eRNAs) and preferentially interacted in vivo with B cell lineage-determining TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR., In this review, it is argued that the relationship between the accessibility and activity of an Enhancer of transcription is insufficiently described by simply considering open versus closed chromatin, or active versus inactive enhancers., In conclusion, loci identified as active by STARR-seq often overlap with those identified by chromatin accessibility and active epigenetic marking, yet a significant fraction is epigenetically repressed or display condition-specific Enhancer of transcription activity.[SEP]Relations: transcription factor binding has relations: molfunc_protein with CEBPG, molfunc_protein with CEBPG, molfunc_protein with AHR, molfunc_protein with AHR, molfunc_protein with BCOR, molfunc_protein with BCOR, molfunc_protein with SRY, molfunc_protein with SRY, molfunc_protein with ARNT, molfunc_protein with ARNT. Definitions: Heterochromatin defined as following: The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.. Enhancer of transcription defined as following: A 50-150bp DNA sequence that increases the rate of transcription of coding sequences. It may be located at various distances and in either orientation upstream from, downstream from or within a structural gene. When bound by a specific transcription factor it increases the levels of expression of the gene, but is not sufficient alone to cause expression. Distinguished from a promoter, that is alone sufficient to cause expression of the gene when bound.. euchromatin location defined as following: A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation. [PMID:32017156]. TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR defined as following: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is Prasinezumab effective for Parkinson\u2019s Disease?", "id": "converted_255", "sentence1": "Is Prasinezumab effective for Parkinson\u2019s Disease?", "sentence2": "CONCLUSIONS: Prasinezumab therapy had no meaningful effect on global or imaging measures of Parkinson Disease progression as compared with placebo and was associated with infusion reactions. [SEP]Relations: Parkinson disease has relations: contraindication with Alimemazine, contraindication with Alimemazine, contraindication with Perazine, contraindication with Perazine, contraindication with Pimozide, contraindication with Pimozide, contraindication with Promazine, contraindication with Promazine, contraindication with Prochlorperazine, contraindication with Prochlorperazine. Definitions: Parkinson Disease defined as following: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75).", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Was AAVS3 developed for hemophilia A?", "id": "converted_260", "sentence1": "Was AAVS3 developed for hemophilia A?", "sentence2": "Phase 1-2 Clinical Trials of AAVS3 Gene Therapy in Patients with Hemophilia B., BACKGROUND: FLT180a (verbrinacogene setparvovec) is a liver-directed adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy that uses a synthetic capsid and a gain-of-function protein to normalize factor IX levels in patients with Hemophilia B[SEP]Relations: hemophilia has relations: disease_disease with acquired hemophilia, disease_disease with acquired hemophilia, disease_disease with factor XI deficiency, disease_disease with factor XI deficiency, disease_protein with F8, disease_protein with F8, contraindication with Indinavir, contraindication with Indinavir, contraindication with Salicylamide, contraindication with Salicylamide. Definitions: Hemophilia B defined as following: A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008). Clinical Trials defined as following: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.. hemophilia A defined as following: This gene plays an important role in blood coagulation..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Does iron regulate oligodendrocyte maturation?", "id": "converted_266", "sentence1": "Does Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation regulate Oligodendroglia maturation?", "sentence2": "Developmental Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency (dID) models facilitate the study of specific Oligodendroglia (OL) requirements for their progression to a mature state and subsequent contribution to myelinatio, Ontogenetic Oligodendroglia maturation through gestational Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deprivation: The road not taken.,  the expression levels of HES5 gene, SOX10 Transcription Factor, and OLIG1 gene in dID conditions correlated with an unfavorable OL maturation profile.,  the current results provide further evidence of dID impact on myelination, keeping OL away from the maturational path., Impaired Postnatal Myelination in a Conditional Knockout Mouse for the Ferritin Heavy Chain in Oligodendroglial Cells., To define the importance of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation storage in Oligodendroglia development and function, the ferritin heavy subunit (FTH1 gene) was specifically deleted in oligodendroglial cells., FTH1 gene Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation storage is essential for early Oligodendroglia development as well as for Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex maturation in the demyelinated adult Head>Brain., Ferritin Heavy Chain expression in Astrocytes is necessary for proper Oligodendroglia development and myelination.,  These results indicate that FTH1 gene Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation storage in Astrocytes is vital for early Oligodendroglia development as well as for the remyelination of the Central Nervous System., Iron modulates the differentiation of a distinct population of glial precursor cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells., Here, using an in vitro cultured differentiation model of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, we found that both Serotransferrin, human receptor and ferritin-H are significantly upregulated during Oligodendroglia maturation, implying the essential role of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation in the development of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells., Our results raise the possibility that Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation may affect Oligodendroglia development at stages during early embryogenesis rather than during later development., When disrupted, Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation homeostasis negatively impacts Oligodendroglia (OLG) differentiation and impairs myelination., These hypotheses are based on the observations that there is a peak in Head>Brain Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation uptake in vivo that coincides with the period of greatest myelination and that a shortage of Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation leads to myelination deficiency., Developmental Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency (dID) models facilitate the study of specific Oligodendroglia (OL) requirements for their progression to a mature state and subsequent contribution to myelination., Iron is an essential trophic element that is required for cell viability and differentiation, especially in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, which consume relatively high rates of energy to produce Myelin Sheath., These results indicate that FTH1 gene Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation storage in Astrocytes is vital for early Oligodendroglia development as well as for the remyelination of the Central Nervous System., Total Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation content in unperfused Head>Brain is not significantly different between Mcoln1(-/-) and wild-type littermate mice, suggesting that the observed maturation delay or loss of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells might be caused by impaired Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation handling, rather than by global Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation deficiency., These data indicate that Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation delivered via Serotransferrin, human and its receptor is intrinsically involved in Oligodendroglia maturation and thus plays a critical role in the onset of myelination.[SEP]Relations: HES5 has relations: bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of Oligodendroglia differentiation, bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of Oligodendroglia differentiation, bioprocess_protein with Oligodendroglia development, bioprocess_protein with Oligodendroglia development, bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation, bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation, bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of stem cell differentiation, bioprocess_protein with negative regulation of stem cell differentiation. protein complex oligomerization has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with protein trimerization, bioprocess_bioprocess with protein trimerization. Definitions: HES5 gene defined as following: This gene may play a role in the regulation of transcription.. Astrocytes defined as following: A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the Head>Brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from \"star\" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with \"end feet\" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and \"reactive Astrocytes\" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.. Serotransferrin, human defined as following: Serotransferrin (698 aa, ~77 kDa) is encoded by the human TF gene. This protein is involved in Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation sequestration and transport.. FTH1 gene defined as following: The determination of the amount of ferritin heavy chain in a sample.. Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation defined as following: homeopathic drug. Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells defined as following: Neuroglial cells that first appear during mid-embryogenesis in the central nervous system of mammals and give rise to OLIGODENDROCYTES. Mitotically-active populations remain through late adulthood and are capable of regenerating MYELIN lost to disease or injury.. Serotransferrin, human receptor defined as following: Homodimeric human Transferrin Receptors (M28B Peptidase Family) are type II membrane proteins involved in the cellular import of Serotransferrin, human-bound Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation and appear necessary for Ferrum metallicum, Homeopathic preparation metabolism, cell function, and erythrocyte differentiation. (NCI). Oligodendroglia defined as following: A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.. Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex defined as following: A preparation containing plant-derived polyphenolic bioflavonoids composed of multimers (dimers, trimers, or higher order polymers) of the flavan-3-ol-based monomers catechin and epicatechin, which are extracted from sources rich in these chemicals, such as grape seeds, grape skin and pine bark, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and protective activities. Upon oral administration of oligomeric procyanidin complex (Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex), the polyphenols exert anti-oxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, which prevents both the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly nitrous oxide (NO), and DNA damage. Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex also inhibits chemical-induced lipid peroxidation. In addition, Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex reduces the production advanced glycation end-products (AGE), decreases AGE accumulation in tissues, and inhibits the progression of AGE/receptor for AGE (RAGE)-mediated inflammatory transduction pathways, which inhibits the activation of pro-inflammatory transcriptional regulators and prevents the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. This ultimately prevents inflammatory-driven damage to end organs and may reduce inflammation-induced cancer formation and progression. In addition, Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, collagenase, elastase hyaluronidase and beta-glucuronidase.. Myelin Sheath defined as following: The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The Myelin Sheath sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.. Central Nervous System defined as following: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the Head>Brain, spinal cord, and meninges..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Are epigenetic changes heritable?", "id": "converted_282", "sentence1": "Are epigenetic changes heritable?", "sentence2": "Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that are, unlike Gene Mutation, not attributable to alterations in the Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of DNA. The predominant epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, modifications to chromatin location location, loss of imprinting and non-coding RNA., Genome-wide association studies of complex physiological traits and diseases consistently found that associated genetic factors, such as allelic polymorphisms or DNA Gene Mutation, only explained a minority of the expected heritable fraction. This discrepancy is known as \"missing heritability\", and its underlying factors and molecular mechanisms are not established. Epigenetic programs may account for a significant fraction of the \"missing heritability.\" Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and chromatin location location assembly states, reflect the high plasticity of the Genome - anatomical entity and contribute to stably alter gene expression without modifying genomic DNA sequences., Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve a change in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetics is defined as mitotically and meiotically heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve a change in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic changes refer to heritable changes that may modulate gene expression without affecting DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic alterations, which, by definition, comprise mitotically and meiotically heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the primary DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, are increasingly being recognized for their roles in carcinogenesis., Unlike heritable genetic changes, which are always associated with Gene Mutation in gene Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, heritable epigenetic changes can be associated with physical or chemical changes in Molecule or only changes in the system., Epigenetic alterations are defined as heritable changes in gene expression mediated through mechanisms other than alterations in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType itself, including DNA promoter methylation and various histone covalent modifications., Epigenetics refers to heritable phenotypic alterations in the absence of DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType changes, and DNA methylation is one of the extensively studied epigenetic alterations., Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes that affect gene expression without altering the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in patterns of gene expression that occur without alterations in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic modifications are classified as heritable and reversible chemical modifications of chromatin location location that do not cause changes in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that can be transmitted through \"U\" lymphocyte divisions but cannot be explained by changes in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., First, some epigenetic states are transmitted intergenerationally and affect the phenotype of offspring., One possible but largely unexplored explanation is that exposure to sublethal doses of Insecticides may alter epigenetic patterns that are heritable., DNA methylation is one such heritable epigenetic change, which is causally associated with the transcription regulation of many Genes in the mammalian Genome - anatomical entity., As a result, heritable epigenetic changes can include any that can alter a wave such as changes in form, Midline 1 RING Finger Protein, frequency, amplitude, or phase., Epigenetics has been defined as 'a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 without alterations in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType' and several epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in Hematologic Neoplasms., Epigenetic alterations (epimutations) could thus contribute to heritable variation within populations and be subject to evolutionary processes such as natural selection and drift., Some of these epigenetic changes appear to be heritable.,  First, some epigenetic states are transmitted intergenerationally and affect the phenotype of offspring.,  First, stress-induced methylation changes are common and are mostly heritable., Epigenetic inheritance systems enable the environmentally induced phenotypes to be transmitted between generations.,  Epigenetic changes enforced by various environmental and lifestyle factors lead to heritable modifications.,  Transient epigenetic changes across the entire Genome - anatomical entity can influence metabolic outcomes and might or might not be heritable.,  More interestingly, epigenetic changes are reversible heritable changes which pass through generations.,  However, it is unclear whether the active changes mediated by variations in DNA methyltransferase activity are heritable., Epigenetic ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification refers to heritable changes in the genetic material without any changes in the Nucleic Acids Sequence - ParameterizedDataType and results in heritable phenotypic changes., Epigenetics refers to the heritable, but reversible, regulation of various biological functions mediated principally through changes in DNA methylation and chromatin location location structure derived from histone ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification., Although epigenetic modifications may contribute substantially to average risk, they will not contribute much to recurrence risk and heritability unless they persist on average for many generations., Epigenetic processes, defined as heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes to the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, have emerged as a promising area of Cardiovascular Diseases research., Epigenetic changes can be defined as stable molecular alterations of a cellular phenotype such as the gene expression profile of a \"U\" lymphocyte that are heritable during somatic \"U\" lymphocyte divisions (and sometimes germ line transmissions) but do not involve changes of the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType itself., Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression not encoded by the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in gene function that are mitotically or meiotically heritable and do not lead to a change in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable traits that are mediated by changes in a Genetic Loci that do not involve a ResponseLevel - ResponseLevel - modification at the nucleotide level., ssion, notably during embryonic development. New research indicates that epigenetic factors are heritable, which is why paternal lifestyle may affect [SEP]Relations: Hematological neoplasm has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with platelet disorder, undefined, disease_phenotype_positive with platelet disorder, undefined, disease_phenotype_positive with Muir-Torre syndrome, disease_phenotype_positive with Muir-Torre syndrome, drug_effect with Teniposide, drug_effect with Teniposide, disease_phenotype_positive with aspergillosis, disease_phenotype_positive with aspergillosis. histone ResponseLevel - modification has relations: bioprocess_protein with PARP2, bioprocess_protein with PARP2. Definitions: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 defined as following: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 classification.. histone ResponseLevel - modification defined as following: The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein. [GOC:krc]. DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType defined as following: The Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of nucleotide residues along a DNA chain.. Genome - anatomical entity defined as following: Anatomical set of Genes in all the chromosomes.. Midline 1 RING Finger Protein defined as following: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Midline-1 (667 aa, ~75 kDa) is encoded by the human MID1 gene. This protein is involved in protein ubiquitination and may influence microtubule dynamics.. Cardiovascular Diseases defined as following: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.. Insecticides defined as following: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.. Hematologic Neoplasms defined as following: Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.. DNA defined as following: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).. Molecule defined as following: An aggregate of two or more atoms in a defined arrangement held together by chemical bonds.. chromatin location defined as following: The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130]. ResponseLevel - modification defined as following: <p>Respond with exceptions, completions and modifications or revisions done before completion</p>. Genes defined as following: A category of Nucleic Acids sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. Gene Mutation defined as following: The result of any gain, loss or alteration of the sequences comprising a gene, including all sequences transcribed into RNA.. Genetic Loci defined as following: Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.. Nucleic Acids defined as following: High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages..", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Do epigenetic changes change the DNA sequence?", "id": "converted_292", "sentence1": "Do epigenetic changes change the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType?", "sentence2": "Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and chromatin location location assembly states, reflect the high plasticity of the Genome - anatomical entity and contribute to stably alter gene expression without modifying genomic DNA sequences., Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that are, unlike Gene Mutation, not attributable to alterations in the Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of DNA., Epigenetic changes are inheritable modifications that can modify the gene expression without changing the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType. The most common epigenetic alternations consist of DNA methylation and histone modification., Epigenetic changes refer to heritable changes that may modulate gene expression without affecting DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic changes are reversible and do not affect the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType itself but rather control levels of gene expression., Epigenetic changes, or heritable alterations in gene function that do not affect DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, are rapidly gaining acceptance as co-conspirators in carcinogenesis., Environmentally caused changes in Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 that do not alter the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType but cause phenotypic changes by altering gene transcription are summarized as epigenetics., Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression not encoded by the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic regulation is referred to as changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, it is usually accomplished by DNA methylation, histone modification (repressive marks such as H3K9me, H3K27me, H2Aub, or active marks such as H3K4me, H3K36me, H3Ac), and chromatin location location remodeling (nucleosome composition, occupancy, and location)., Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression or Cells phenotype that do not change the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic change, which does not involve alteration to the nucleotide Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, can also cause changes in gene activity by changing the structure of chromatin location location through DNA methylation or histone modification., Epigenetics is defined as mitotically and meiotically heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve a change in the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., These modifications, also known as epigenetic code, do not change the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType but alter the expression level of specific Genes.,  Epigenetic regulation refers to heritable factors of genomic modifications that do not involve changes in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetics refers to structural modifications to Genes that do not change the nucleotide Sequence - ParameterizedDataType itself but instead control and regulate gene expression., Epigenetics are the heritable changes in gene expression patterns which occur without altering DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType.,  Epigenetic changes appear briefly and do not involve permanent changes to the primary DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType.,  Epigenetic changes responding to the environmental and intercellular signals can turn on/off specific Genes, but do not modify the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType.,  Epigenetic changes are reversible and do not affect the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType itself but rather control levels of gene expression., Epigenetic regulation refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve any alteration of the DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modification, and MicroRNAs (miRNA), can produce heritable phenotypic changes without a change in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType., Epigenetic changes to the Genome - anatomical entity are biochemical alterations to the DNA that do not change an individual's Genome - anatomical entity but do change and influence gene expression., e next, which may alter gene expression but which do not involve changes in the primary DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType. These marks include DNA methylation (methylation, Epigenetics, the study of functionally relevant chemical modifications to DNA that do not involve a change in the DNA nucleotide Sequence - ParameterizedDataType, is at the interface between research and clinical medicine., The accessibility of DNA is regulated by epigenetic processes, including methylation of cytosine. In these circumstances the nucleic Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of the DNA does not change., Epigenetics is comprised of the stable and heritable (or potentially heritable) changes in gene expression that do not entail a change in DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType.[SEP]Relations: histone modification has relations: bioprocess_protein with PARP2, bioprocess_protein with PARP2, bioprocess_bioprocess with Cells protein modification process, bioprocess_bioprocess with Cells protein modification process, bioprocess_bioprocess with covalent chromatin location modification, bioprocess_bioprocess with covalent chromatin location modification, bioprocess_protein with MT3, bioprocess_protein with MT3, bioprocess_protein with HLCS, bioprocess_protein with HLCS. Definitions: histone modification defined as following: The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein. [GOC:krc]. MicroRNAs defined as following: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded MicroRNAs gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.. cytosine defined as following: A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.. DNA Sequence - ParameterizedDataType defined as following: The Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of nucleotide residues along a DNA chain.. Genome - anatomical entity defined as following: Anatomical set of Genes in all the Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1.. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 defined as following: A specific pair of human Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.. DNA defined as following: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).. Cells defined as following: The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.. chromatin location defined as following: The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130]. nucleotide Sequence - ParameterizedDataType defined as following: The Sequence - ParameterizedDataType of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide Sequence - ParameterizedDataType.. Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. Gene Mutation defined as following: The result of any gain, loss or alteration of the sequences comprising a gene, including all sequences transcribed into RNA..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Can skin picking phenotype present following methylphenidate treatment?", "id": "converted_302", "sentence1": "Can skin picking phenotype present following methylphenidate treatment?", "sentence2": "Newly Developed Skin Specimen Source Code Specimen Source Code Picking After Methylphenidate Treatment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Mechanisms., We describe a case of skin picking developing after methylphenidate therapy for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.[SEP]Relations: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has relations: drug_effect with Methylphenidate, drug_effect with Methylphenidate, drug_effect with Dexmethylphenidate, drug_effect with Dexmethylphenidate, disease_phenotype_positive with facial dysmorphism-developmental delay-behavioral abnormalities syndrome due to 10p11.21p12.31 microdeletion, disease_phenotype_positive with facial dysmorphism-developmental delay-behavioral abnormalities syndrome due to 10p11.21p12.31 microdeletion, disease_phenotype_positive with AMED syndrome, digenic, disease_phenotype_positive with AMED syndrome, digenic, disease_phenotype_positive with Niemann-Pick disease, disease_phenotype_positive with Niemann-Pick disease. Definitions: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder defined as following: A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Do enhancers have to be close to their gene targets?", "id": "converted_305", "sentence1": "Do enhancers have to be close to their Genes targets?", "sentence2": "Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements in the Genome - anatomical entity that cooperate with promoters to control target Genes transcription. Unlike promoters, enhancers are not necessarily adjacent to target genes and can exert their functions regardless of enhancer orientations, positions and spatial segregations from target genes., Enhancers are often located many tens of kilobases away from the Promoter they regulate, sometimes residing closer to the Promoter of a neighboring Genes., Many enhancers map quite far from their target genes, on the order of tens or even hundreds of kilobases., Enhancers are intergenic DNA elements that regulate the transcription of target genes in response to signaling pathways by interacting with promoters over large genomic distances., Enhancers have been identified at up to megabase distances from their regulated genes, and/or proximal to or within the introns of unregulated genes., In metazoans transcriptional enhancers and their more complex relatives, Locus Control Region, are often located at great linear distances from their target genes.,  Given their distance from the target Genes, lack of common motifs, and tissue/cell specificity, enhancer regions are thought to be difficult to predict in DNA Sequence.,  Computational identification of enhancers is difficult because they do not exhibit clear location preference relative to their target Genes and also because they lack clearly distinguishing genomic features.,  Enhancers function independently of their distance and orientation to the promoters of target genes.,  Until recently, identifying each Genes's enhancers had been challenging because enhancers do not occupy prescribed locations relative to their target genes., Computational identification of enhancers is difficult because they do not exhibit clear location preference relative to their target Genes and also because they lack clearly distinguishing genomic features., cis-regulatory sequences called enhancers. Enhancers can stimulate Genes activity at great genomic distances from their targets, raising questions abou, Enhancer Elements, Genetic are essential for tissue-specific Genes regulation during Mammals development. Although these regulatory elements are often distant from their target genes, they affect Genes expression by recruiting TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR to specific Promoter regions., Epigenetic profiling of different Body tissue and cell-types has identified a large number of non-coding epigenetic regulatory elements ('enhancers') that can be located far away from coding genes., In metazoans, enhancers of Genes transcription must often exert their effects over tens of kilobases of DNA. Over the past decade it has become clear that to do this, enhancers come into close proximity with target promoters with the looping away of Introns.[SEP]Relations: GLI proteins bind promoters of Hh responsive genes to promote transcription has relations: pathway_protein with GLI1, pathway_protein with GLI1, pathway_protein with GLI3, pathway_protein with GLI3, pathway_protein with GLI2, pathway_protein with GLI2. transcription factor binding has relations: molfunc_protein with AHR, molfunc_protein with AHR. Promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I Promoter has relations: bioprocess_bioprocess with Promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription, bioprocess_bioprocess with Promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription. Definitions: Genes defined as following: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.. Introns defined as following: Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary Genes transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.. Promoter defined as following: A DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.. Genome - anatomical entity defined as following: Anatomical set of genes in all the chromosomes.. DNA Sequence defined as following: The sequence of nucleotide residues along a DNA chain.. Promoter regions defined as following: DNA Sequence which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the Promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.. Body tissue defined as following: Collections of differentiated CELLS, such as EPITHELIUM; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; MUSCLES; and NERVE TISSUE. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form organs with specialized functions such as RESPIRATION; DIGESTION; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT; and others.. Locus Control Region defined as following: A regulatory region first identified in the human beta-globin locus but subsequently found in other loci. The region is believed to regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION by opening and remodeling CHROMATIN structure. It may also have enhancer activity.. DNA defined as following: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).. Enhancer Elements, Genetic defined as following: Cis-acting DNA Sequence which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a Promoter.. target Genes defined as following: A Genes proposed to have a primary role in a disease, based upon its known function in other organisms or model systems or based upon its physical proximity to markers linked to a genetic disease.. TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR defined as following: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.. Mammals defined as following: Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Are there any other types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy except for types 1-4?", "id": "converted_306", "sentence1": "Are there any other types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy except for types 1-4?", "sentence2": "Spinal muscular atrophy (Spinal Muscular Atrophy) with respiratory distress type 1 (SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 1) is an exceptionally rare type of Spinal Muscular Atrophy., There are no convincing reports of X-linked Spinal Muscular Atrophy hitherto. , The total AChE activity was either normal or decreased in the childhood Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Type 1), the other Spinal Muscular Atrophy groups and disease controls (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, X-linked Spinal Muscular Atrophy).[SEP]Relations: Spinal muscular atrophy has relations: disease_phenotype_positive with distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3, disease_phenotype_positive with distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3, disease_phenotype_positive with spinal muscular atrophy, facioscapulohumeral type, disease_phenotype_positive with spinal muscular atrophy, facioscapulohumeral type, disease_phenotype_positive with X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3, disease_phenotype_positive with X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3, disease_phenotype_positive with spinal muscular atrophy, Ryukyuan type, disease_phenotype_positive with spinal muscular atrophy, Ryukyuan type, phenotype_phenotype with Skeletal muscle atrophy, phenotype_phenotype with Skeletal muscle atrophy. Definitions: SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 1 defined as following: Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 is a rare genetic motor neuron disease characterized by severe respiratory distress/respiratory failure in association with diaphragmatic eventration and palsy, as well as progressive, symmetrical, distal-to-proximal muscle weakness and atrophy (in lower limbs especially). Patients typically have a history of intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, feeble cry, weak suck and failure to thrive and present with inspiratory stridor, recurrent episodes of dyspnea or apnea, cyanosis and absent deep tendon reflexes. Kyphosis/scoliosis, foot deformities and joint contractures are frequently associated features.. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis defined as following: A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94). Spinal Muscular Atrophy defined as following: A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089).", "label": "yes"}
{"original_question": "Is Tilavonemab effective for progressive supranuclear palsy?", "id": "converted_310", "sentence1": "Is Tilavonemab effective for progressive supranuclear palsy?", "sentence2": "INTERPRETATION: A similar safety profile was seen in all treatment groups. No beneficial treatment effects were recorded. Although this study did not provide evidence of efficacy in progressive supranuclear palsy, the findings provide potentially useful information for future investigations of passive immunisation using tau antibodies for progressive supranuclear palsy.[SEP]", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is SARS-CoV-2 transmitted through breast milk?", "id": "converted_314", "sentence1": "Is SARS-CoV-2 transmitted through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen?", "sentence2": "No COVID19 (disease) in Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen from a cohort of 110 lactating women., SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found infrequently in the breastmilk after recent Communicable Diseases, but we found no evidence that breastmilk contains an infectious virus or that breastfeeding represents a risk factor for transmission of Communicable Diseases to infants., This article goes beyond prior small studies to provide evidence that COVID19 (disease) is not present in the Milk Specimen of lactating women with recent Communicable Diseases, even when SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected., Recent SARS-CoV-2 Communicable Diseases or detection of its RNA in Homo sapiens Milk Specimen is not a contraindication to breastfeeding., Based on the currently available limited evidence and recognizing the benefits of breastfeeding, it may be concluded that if the health of the mother and her newborn allows, direct breastfeeding or extracted breastmilk should be encouraged by the healthcare providers after a careful discussion of the risks of vertical transmission to the mother and her family, Preventive measures should be taken by COVID19 (document) mothers to prevent droplet transmission of Communicable Diseases to the infants while breastfeeding., Currently, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen., The authors could not find evidence for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to child through breastmilk in the population studied., At present, there is limited information on potential transmission of the Communicable Diseases from mother to child, particularly through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen and breastfeeding., However, there is limited published literature related to vertical transmission of any Homo sapiens Genus: Coronavirus (including SARS-CoV-2) via Homo sapiens Milk Specimen and/or breastfeeding., However, there is limited published literature related to vertical transmission of any Homo sapiens coronavirus (including SARS-CoV-2) via Homo sapiens Milk Specimen and/or breastfeeding., and had a benign clinical course. There was no evidence of significant clinical Communicable Diseases during the hospital stay or from outpatient neonatal follow-up data for all the infants included in this study.CONCLUSION: In a small cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive lactating mothers giving birth at our institution, most of their Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen samples (95%) contained no detectable virus, and there was no evidence of COVID19 (document) Communicable Diseases in their Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen-fed neonates.KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Breast Milk Specimen may rarely contain detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA and was not detected in asymptomatic mothers.. \u00b7 Breast Milk Specimen with detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a symptomatic mother had no clinical significance for her infant.. \u00b7 Breast feeding with appropriate Communicable Diseases control instru, Taken together, our data do not support mother-to-infant transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via Milk Specimen., th SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Strong correlations between levels of immunoglobulin A, Homo sapiens and immunoglobulin G to SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal Genus: Coronavirus were noted.CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support maternal-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via Milk Specimen; however, risk of transmission v,  Currently, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen.,  Whether SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen is unknown., No Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and, to date, there is no evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen of pregnant women with COVID19 (document)., from 11 women tested negative.INTERPRETATION: Considering the lack of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through Specimen Type - Breast Milk Specimen, breastfeeding counsell[SEP]Relations: Human immunoglobulin G has relations: drug_drug with Sarilumab, drug_drug with Sarilumab, drug_drug with Sarilumab, drug_drug with Sarilumab, drug_protein with FCGR2A, drug_protein with FCGR2A, drug_protein with FCGR2A, drug_protein with FCGR2A. colitis (disease) has relations: disease_protein with NOS2, disease_protein with NOS2. Definitions: RNA defined as following: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed). Communicable Diseases defined as following: An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or Homo sapiens host.. immunoglobulin A, Homo sapiens defined as following: immunoglobulin A, Homo sapiens is the immunoglobulin subclass that is associated with antibody-mediated mucosal immunity. It is secreted as dimers into the mucosa and is the most effective isotype at fixing complement by the alternative pathway, even though it lacks the ability to fix complement by the classical pathway. There are two subtypes in the Homo sapiens - IgA1 and IgA2.. Homo sapiens defined as following: Members of the species Homo sapiens.. Genus: Coronavirus defined as following: A member of CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates.. COVID19 (disease) defined as following: A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID19 (document) severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID19 (document) (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent.. immunoglobulin G defined as following: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal Homo sapiens serum. There are several isotype subclasses of immunoglobulin G, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Is there any treatment for the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy?", "id": "converted_316", "sentence1": "Is there any treatment for the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy?", "sentence2": "The treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral is currently supportive only., FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 1 (Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral) is a slowly progressive Muscular Dystrophy without approved therapies.[SEP]Relations: facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy has relations: disease_disease with progressive Muscular Dystrophy, disease_disease with progressive Muscular Dystrophy, disease_disease with progressive Muscular Dystrophy, disease_disease with progressive Muscular Dystrophy, disease_disease with Muscular Dystrophy, scapulohumeral, disease_disease with Muscular Dystrophy, scapulohumeral, disease_disease with Muscular Dystrophy, scapulohumeral, disease_disease with Muscular Dystrophy, scapulohumeral, contraindication with Succinylcholine, contraindication with Succinylcholine. Definitions: Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral defined as following: An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420). FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 1 defined as following: An autosomal dominant form of facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy associated with contraction of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat.. Muscular Dystrophy defined as following: A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS..", "label": "no"}
{"original_question": "Do all proteins start with methionine?", "id": "converted_319", "sentence1": "Do all Proteins start with racemethionine?", "sentence2": "The use of several translation initiation Codon (nucleotide sequence) in a single RNA, Messenger, by expressing several Proteins from a single gene, contributes to the generation of Protein Info diversity. A small, yet growing, number of mammalian mRNAs initiate translation from a non-AUG codon, in addition to initiating at a downstream in-frame AUG codon. Translation initiation on such mRNAs results in the synthesis of Proteins harbouring different amino terminal domains potentially conferring on these Protein Isoforms distinct functions., In Eukaryota, it is generally assumed that translation initiation occurs at the AUG codon closest to the messenger RNA 5' cap. However, in certain cases, initiation can occur at Codon (nucleotide sequence) differing from AUG by a single nucleotide, especially the Codon (nucleotide sequence) CUG, UUG, GUG, ACG, AUA and AUU. While non-AUG initiation has been experimentally verified for a handful of human genes, the full extent to which this phenomenon is utilized--both for increased coding capacity and potentially also for novel regulatory mechanisms--remains unclear., The Removing (action) of N-terminal translation initiator Met by Methionyl Aminopeptidases (MetAP) is often crucial for the function and stability of Proteins., Protein synthesis is initiated by racemethionine in Eukaryota and by N-Formylmethionine in prokaryotes. N-terminal racemethionine can be co-translationally cleaved by the enzyme Methionyl Aminopeptidases (cisplatin/doxorubicin/mitomycin protocol)., Our understanding of translation underpins our capacity to engineer living systems. The canonical start codon (AUG) and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) are considered as the 'start Codon (nucleotide sequence)' for translation initiation in Escherichia coli., Translation from non-canonical start Codon (nucleotide sequence) ranged from 0.007 to 3% relative to translation from AUG., Protein synthesis is initiated universally with the amino acid racemethionine. In Escherichia coli, studies with anticodon sequence mutants of the initiator racemethionine tRNA have shown that Protein Info synthesis can be initiated with several other Antifibrinolytic Antifibrinolytic amino acids. In eukaryotic systems, however, a yeast initiator tRNA aminoacylated with isoleucine was found to be inactive in initiation in mammalian cell extracts., Our results show that in the presence of the corresponding mutant initiator tRNAs, AGG and GUC can initiate Protein Info synthesis in COS1 cells with racemethionine and valine, respectively. CAG initiates Protein Info synthesis with glutamine but extremely poorly, whereas UAG could not be used to initiate Protein Info synthesis with glutamine., Methionine is the universal translation start but the first racemethionine is removed from most mature Proteins., Protein synthesis generally starts with a racemethionine that is removed during translation., Most mature Proteins do not retain their initial Amino-Terminal Amino Acid (racemethionine in the Cytoplasmic matrix and N-formyl racemethionine in the Organelles).[SEP]Relations: Methionine has relations: drug_protein with GLUL, drug_protein with GLUL, drug_protein with MTR, drug_protein with MTR, drug_protein with MSRA, drug_protein with MSRA, drug_protein with MTRR, drug_protein with MTRR, drug_protein with MARS1, drug_protein with MARS1. Definitions: glutamine defined as following: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. Protein Isoforms defined as following: Refers to variants of the same Protein Info which can be separated on special conducting media using electrophoresis. The differences may arise from genetically determined differences in primary structure or by modification of the same primary sequence.. valine defined as following: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. Methionyl Aminopeptidases defined as following: Aminopeptidases that remove METHIONINE from the amino-terminus of a peptide chain, such as the initiator METHIONINE found on nascent peptide chains.. Codon (nucleotide sequence) defined as following: A set of three nucleotides in a Protein Info coding sequence that specifies individual Antifibrinolytic amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most Codon (nucleotide sequence) are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all Codon (nucleotide sequence). These Codon (nucleotide sequence) are referred to as unassigned Codon (nucleotide sequence) (CODONS, NONSENSE).. racemethionine defined as following: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-racemethionine and L-racemethionine isomers.. N-Formylmethionine defined as following: Effective in the initiation of Protein Info synthesis. The initiating racemethionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.. Proteins defined as following: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex Proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the Protein Info.. Amino-Terminal Amino Acid defined as following: The amino acid residing in the first position of a Protein Info or peptide.. Protein Info defined as following: Protein; provides access to the encoding gene via its GenBank Accession, the taxon in which this instance of the Protein Info occurs, and references to homologous Proteins in other species.. Removing (action) defined as following: Shift the position or location of; take out of.. RNA, Messenger defined as following: RNA sequences that serve as templates for Protein Info synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic RNA, Messenger is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature RNA, Messenger from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some RNA, Messenger molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.. Eukaryota defined as following: Organism or cells with a nucleus separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalization of function into distinct cytoplasmic Organelles.. isoleucine defined as following: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many Proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. Escherichia coli defined as following: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.. Cytoplasmic matrix defined as following: Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after Removing (action) of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.. Organelles defined as following: Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES..", "label": "no"}