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of the operations of trust that we develop below. We begin this account with our information search procedures. Information search strategies An initial literature search of peer-reviewed journal articles with no restrictions on publication date was conducted using a multiplicity of library databases. These databases s...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973625
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trustworthiness proved by far the more frequent. The variations across predictor variables was smaller. Thus, 40.5% of correlations looked at trustor factors, 21.7% examined trustee factors, and 37.8% addressed contextual factors that affected both the trustor and trustee together. A more detailed breakdown of the pred...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973738
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ustee expertise 32 0.8 Shared in group membership 32 0.8 Trustee transparency 26 0.7 Trustee physical appearance 25 0.6 Shared interaction frequency 22 0.6 Trustor race 16 0.4 Trustee reputation 17 0.4 Trustee gender 12 0.3 Trustee age 11 0.3 Trustee trustworthiness, other trust measure 6 0.2 Trustee trustworthiness, t...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973801
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8 0.2 Trustee performance, personality 4 0.1 Trustee education 4 0.1 Trustee expertise, reliability 2 0.1 Trustee reliability, reputation 4 0.1 Trustee personality traits, reputation 2 0.1 Shared communication, interaction frequency 2 0.1 Trustee race 1 0 Trustee transparency, reputation, and other 1 0 Team conflict, i...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973857
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trust, directional trust, and the triad of proposed categories (i.e., trustee, trustor, and contextual factors). Perceptions of trustworthiness represented the largest proportion of the outcome variables and was thus examined first, with trustor factors, trustee factors, and contextual factors serving as the predictor ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973911
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imit Trustee abilities Expertise Trustworthiness 14 0.41 * 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.37 0.46 Propensity to trust 1 0.17 — — — — — Reliability Trustworthiness 11 0.32 * 0.004 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.36 Propensity to trust 2 0.13 * 0.01 0.00 8.34 0.03 0.23 Performance Trustworthiness 7 0.28 * 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.21 0.35 Propensity to trust...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.973960
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rthiness Trustworthiness 49 0.47 * 0.003 0.03 0.12 0.46 0.49 Propensity to trust 12 0.20 * 0.01 0.03 0.46 0.14 0.27 Reputation Trustworthiness 4 0.27 * 0.004 0.014 0.32 0.21 0.34 Race Trustworthiness 1 0.22 — — — — — Physical appearance Trustworthiness 8 0.11 * 0.01 0.03 0.20 0.05 0.16 Personality traits Trustworthines...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974008
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Gender Trustworthiness 2 −0.02 0.002 0.004 0.61 −0.10 0.05 Other trustee variables Trustworthiness 4 −0.14 * 0.01 0.02 0.30 −0.21 −0.06 Global Trustworthiness 76 0.34 * 0.004 0.07 0.06 0.33 0.36 Propensity to trust 17 0.16 * 0.01 0.02 0.46 0.12 0.21 Contextual predictors Trust category K r s g 2 s g 2 s e 2 s g 2 95% c...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974063
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o trust 2 0.07 0.01 0.0006 18.39 −0.08 0.21 Shared mental models Trustworthiness 33 0.42 * 0.004 0.05 0.08 0.40 0.44 Propensity to trust 4 0.23 * 0.01 0.04 0.28 0.12 0.34 Team cohesion Trustworthiness 44 0.37 * 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.34 0.40 Propensity to trust 11 −0.44 * 0.01 3.39 0.00 −0.50 −0.38 Communication Trustworthin...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974111
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rustworthiness 15 0.28 * 0.01 0.05 0.14 0.24 0.32 Propensity to trust 4 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.41 −0.02 0.15 Performance Trustworthiness 56 0.27 * 0.01 0.04 0.27 0.24 0.30 Propensity to trust 4 0.10 0.02 0.01 1.67 −0.03 0.23 General trust 1 0.32 — — — — — Shared efficiency Trustworthiness 1 0.24 — — — — — Propensity to trust...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974166
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1 0.03 0.54 0.00 0.33 Shared tenure Trustworthiness 22 0.10 * 0.011 0.014 0.75 0.06 0.14 Propensity to trust 4 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.44 −0.10 0.12 General trust 1 0.05 — — — — — Proximity Trustworthiness 3 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.52 −0.02 0.22 Team composition Trustworthiness 36 0.05 * 0.01 0.02 0.76 0.02 0.09 Propensity to trust ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974198
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0.12 −0.28 −0.21 Propensity to trust 2 −0.10 0.008 0.001 6.67 −0.23 0.02 Tasking factors Task characteristics Trustworthiness 34 0.16 * 0.01 0.04 0.18 0.13 0.19 Propensity to trust 3 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.51 −0.13 0.16 Other factors Trustworthiness 27 0.22 * 0.01 0.13 0.08 0.27 0.29 Propensity to trust 2 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.54...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974225
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trust 23 0.13 * 0.007 0.013 0.55 0.09 0.21 Open in a new tab * Significant beyond the p < 0.05 level. s g 2 , sampling error variance; s g 2 , observed variance. For the outcome variable of trustor propensity to trust, the same three overall categories were examined. Trustor factors showed a weak correlation with prope...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Building and Maintaing Trust
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974251
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United States Find articles by James L Szalma 2 Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Department of Psychology and Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States 2 Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, Unite...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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er absolute levels of trust reside in local team members and proximal partners, as compared to others who are then classed as more “remote.” This is the case even though the latter engage in frequent interactions ( Aubert and Kelsey, 2003 ). These, and other shared factors (as specified in Figure 2 ) were each identifi...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Front Psychol . 2023 Mar 27;14:1081086. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1081086 How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model P A Hancock P A Hancock 1 Department of Psychology and Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States Find articles by P A Hancock 1, *...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974338
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Theresa T Kessler 2 , Alexandra D Kaplan Alexandra D Kaplan 2 Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States Find articles by Alexandra D Kaplan 2 , Kimberly Stowers Kimberly Stowers 3 Department of Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States Find articles by Ki...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974369
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ton, NV, United States Find articles by J Christopher Brill 4 , Deborah R Billings Deborah R Billings 5 Broky Consulting, LLC, Hillsboro, OR, United States Find articles by Deborah R Billings 5 , Kristin E Schaefer Kristin E Schaefer 6 DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974394
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ht Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, NV, United States 5 Broky Consulting, LLC, Hillsboro, OR, United States 6 DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States Edited by: Carlos Cornejo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile Reviewed by: Shane Connelly, University of Oklaho...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
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public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974418
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section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology Received 2022 Oct 26; Accepted 2023 Jan 26; Collection date 2023. Copyright © 2023 Hancock, Kessler, Kaplan, Stowers, Brill, Billings, Schaefer and Szalma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The u...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974441
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at the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC10083508 PMID: 37051611 This article has been corrected. See Front Psychol. 2025 Aug 11;16:1651358...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974464
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they will or will not interact with other people. Equally, trust also influences the stance of entire nations in their mutual dealings. In consequence, understanding the factors that influence the decision to trust, or not to trust, is crucial to the full spectrum of social dealings. Here, we report the most comprehens...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
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["decision_making"]
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2026-03-21T02:35:57.974489
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e factors that influence interpersonal trust, the initial propensity to trust, as well as an assessment of the general trusting of others. Over 2,000 relevant studies were initially identified for potential inclusion in the meta-analysis. Of these, ( n = 338) passed all screening criteria and provided therefrom a total...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
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[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974510
[ 0.06574879586696625, -0.04941185936331749, 0.009039916098117828, 0.0034155501052737236, 0.035937972366809845, -0.0022188974544405937, 0.04460800439119339, 0.04058392718434334, -0.021411491557955742, -0.0272636990994215, 0.07614648342132568, -0.021566975861787796, 0.006280981469899416, 0.01...
he trust that supervisors and subordinates express in each other. Correlational results demonstrated that a large range of trustor, trustee, and shared, contextual factors impact each of trustworthiness, the propensity to trust, and trust within working relationships. The emphasis in the present work on contextual fact...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.85
["networking"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974533
[ 0.043852951377630234, -0.0646936446428299, -0.061408624053001404, -0.00874391384422779, -0.0066487714648246765, -0.015414931811392307, 0.0608832910656929, -0.06368782371282578, 0.045745354145765305, -0.06023760512471199, 0.05141838267445564, -0.015178732573986053, 0.07327982783317566, 0.07...
d closeness of trustor and trustee were the most predictive factors of trustworthiness outcome. From these collective findings, we propose an elaborated, overarching descriptive theory of trust in which special note is taken of the theory’s application to the growing human need to trust in non-human entities. The latte...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.697
0.844
["resume", "agents", "economy", "philosophy"]
484
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974558
[ 0.017042798921465874, -0.07215434312820435, -0.04171936586499214, -0.03868111968040466, 0.02128514274954796, -0.09204069525003433, 0.0883103683590889, 0.023328784853219986, 0.02593587338924408, 0.018421536311507225, 0.0780707523226738, -0.005257353652268648, 0.11669479310512543, -0.0145436...
ns such as driverless vehicles to name but a few. Future directions as to the momentary dynamics of trust development, its sustenance and its dissipation are also evaluated. Keywords: trustors, trustees, meta-analysis, trust, dispositional trust Introduction Trust is one of the principal forces which binds society toge...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.995
0.846
["philosophy"]
476
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974582
[ -0.009852126240730286, -0.06429386138916016, -0.06009184941649437, 0.034221500158309937, -0.006165484897792339, -0.01811274327337742, 0.0785038098692894, -0.0024980874732136726, 0.03430870547890663, -0.0022377269342541695, 0.0783640593290329, 0.0027524179313331842, 0.04719751328229904, 0.0...
icit or explicit trust, singly or in conjunction. Trust is, necessarily, an emergent property. This is because it derives from this interaction between at least two or more entities; one of whom trusts and another who is trusted. Trust can be, and often is, reciprocal. Trust itself is expressed by the information conve...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.695
0.854
["communication", "philosophy"]
477
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974607
[ -0.028042064979672432, -0.052911195904016495, -0.06827270984649658, 0.0074255215004086494, 0.0316602885723114, -0.051505591720342636, 0.11129287630319595, -0.00031263843993656337, 0.0896526426076889, -0.01668664813041687, 0.045862749218940735, -0.06450965255498886, 0.05951707065105438, -0....
e.g., Shannon and Weaver, 1949 ; Wiener, 1950 ). Phenomenologically, trust represents the affective-cognitive states of those involved in these respective relationships. Trust is therefore an integral facet of conscious experience for both the trustor (the person that trusts) and the trustee (the one who is to be trust...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.708
["networking"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974631
[ 0.016638457775115967, -0.06105057895183563, -0.04801290109753609, 0.04117020592093468, 0.009642431512475014, -0.028810130432248116, 0.076042540371418, -0.007937428541481495, 0.07333669066429138, 0.0466855987906456, 0.040648236870765686, -0.053065624088048935, 0.015835106372833252, 0.024022...
of much current debate (e.g., Phillips et al., 2016 ; Maehigashi et al., 2022 ). Non-living systems here can include the set of nascent autonomous agents that are rapidly entering our everyday lives (see, e.g., Hancock et al., 2019 ; Splegelhalter, 2020 ; Kaplan et al., 2021 ). The similarities and differences with whi...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.686
0.696
["agents"]
430
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974654
[ -0.0024819744285196066, -0.11284403502941132, -0.07732276618480682, 0.0011046750005334616, 0.07772734016180038, -0.05197164788842201, 0.012541384436190128, -0.031070435419678688, 0.06636258214712143, 0.015248454175889492, 0.07954258471727371, 0.0014459037920460105, 0.05729305371642113, 0.0...
ch in discussion ( Madhavan and Wiegmann, 2007 ). In previous work, we have indicated that trust can be defined as: “ an individual’s calculated exposure to the risk of harm from the actions of an influential other ” ( Hancock et al., 2011a ). Relatedly here, we take risk to be the potential for, and thus probability o...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.88
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974676
[ 0.024880316108465195, -0.03138076886534691, -0.05826161429286003, 0.043928589671850204, 0.033012524247169495, 0.017865996807813644, 0.12156383693218231, 0.05097558721899986, 0.08119373768568039, 0.024176640436053276, 0.06957729905843735, -0.016073714941740036, 0.08315184712409973, -0.01215...
trusting individuals or entities) resulting from any incorrectly calibrated trust decisions (and see Hancock et al., 2020 ). This description serves to encapsulate the wide variety of definitions found in the varying fields of literature addressed here. It therefore allows for aggregation of the term trust across diffe...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.85
["communication", "decision_making"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974701
[ 0.020774081349372864, -0.04681253060698509, -0.05243689566850662, 0.020930396392941475, -0.00278237066231668, -0.025524789467453957, 0.06612745672464371, 0.004596839193254709, 0.0972614511847496, 0.0009539613965898752, 0.07590457051992416, -0.005585867911577225, 0.08779600262641907, -0.001...
proposition, the social value of trust outweighs its potential downsides, on average. Indeed, global responses to evident threats such as the recent pandemic are predicated upon these collective social trust response ( Bollyky et al., 2022 ). As to whether and how these traded values are expressed in singular interacti...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.992
0.842
["ethics", "economy"]
461
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974725
[ 0.03244509920477867, -0.048999302089214325, -0.04032164067029953, -0.0011386331170797348, 0.05029403418302536, 0.004742668010294437, 0.05210372433066368, 0.01175723597407341, 0.06841691583395004, 0.01912766508758068, 0.048286717385053635, -0.04213791340589523, 0.0893024355173111, 0.0172784...
tes our basic model of trust and its development. This model is founded upon the prior work of Mayer et al. (1995) . In the present version, we have superimposed a triad of factors which are explicitly derived from our own program of experimental and integrative work (see, e.g., Hancock et al., 2011a , 2021a , b ; Kapl...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
0.722
[]
500
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974746
[ -0.007323217112571001, -0.05608510971069336, -0.009346101433038712, 0.035515688359737396, 0.03003367781639099, -0.03841077908873558, 0.07157614082098007, 0.019517932087183, 0.07890483736991882, -0.009857484139502048, 0.054789356887340546, 0.015674713999032974, 0.07515939325094223, 0.005334...
ontext within which the trust interaction occurs. Further, from our survey of extant work, we have identified a number of other influences which have received sufficient attention to support their impact on human trust situations, the degree to which those effects are significant being the subject of quantitative and q...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.856
["economy"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974770
[ 0.012835616245865822, -0.0473344661295414, -0.034492745995521545, 0.004341271705925465, 0.030816111713647842, -0.008457109332084656, 0.10761206597089767, 0.0003799238184001297, 0.05079689621925354, -0.017623694613575935, 0.031721100211143494, -0.003955405671149492, 0.038468580693006516, -0...
grate the empirical pith that our present meta-analytic investigation illuminates. In alignment with the model’s structure, experimental studies from each of the peer-reviewed works that were included in the present meta-analysis, were classified into our three overarching categories. These being (1) trustor factors (i...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.844
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974791
[ 0.0907721146941185, -0.02216814085841179, -0.055945657193660736, -0.010270986706018448, 0.00791989453136921, -0.040062688291072845, 0.012639462947845459, 0.03257947042584419, 0.07457846403121948, -0.006858264096081257, 0.02601931430399418, 0.037432827055454254, 0.0091506103053689, -0.02028...
ics of the individual in whom trust is placed), and (3) contextual factors (i.e., situational and environmental factors shared between the trustor and trustee at the time of their interaction). These categorizations enable a principled, quantitative review of the predictive strength of each of the respective identified...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.699
0.846
[]
497
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974811
[ 0.05246913805603981, -0.06181712821125984, -0.0354287251830101, 0.005459966138005257, 0.017638981342315674, -0.04686807841062546, 0.11435984075069427, 0.026075702160596848, 0.05807757377624512, -0.012889807112514973, 0.06965544819831848, -0.054423823952674866, 0.0543801449239254, 0.0181280...
ded in coding the assemblage of statistical data. Figure 2 provides a complete listing of these factors which were identified as potential influences on interpersonal trust based on our current review of the panoply of extant literature that we surveyed. Figure 1. Open in a new tab The model of interpersonal trust orig...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.858
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974832
[ -0.020521624013781548, -0.09782663732767105, 0.005516210570931435, 0.013042756356298923, 0.0021181406918913126, -0.07084650546312332, 0.06352607160806656, 0.04105740413069725, 0.062118057161569595, -0.008107238449156284, 0.0694841593503952, -0.0032342579215765, 0.09840046614408493, -0.0088...
t (a trustor characteristic), and interactive outcomes (one element of the contextual/environmental factor) as the primary elements that impact trust development and maintenance. We argue this model is limited in scope and that, for a full exposition, additional trustee, and trustor characteristics as well as extensive...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.998
0.846
[]
492
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974851
[ 0.04296025633811951, -0.005486501380801201, 0.006673135794699192, 0.015323706902563572, 0.029124107211828232, -0.05831148847937584, 0.07711228728294373, 0.009576866403222084, 0.07995927333831787, -0.011494255624711514, 0.08123249560594559, -0.03779775649309158, 0.057563506066799164, 0.0099...
d boxes at the top of the illustration. Figure 2. Open in a new tab Factors identified as potential antecedents of interpersonal trust prior to any coding of the collected empirical studies. Factors associated with the trustor Previously, we ( Kessler et al., 2017 ) have identified a range of trustor factors that inclu...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.702
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974872
[ 0.0796007588505745, -0.09349748492240906, -0.010190311819314957, 0.023992685601115227, 0.03585422411561012, -0.03511045500636101, 0.03679623454809189, 0.008922118693590164, 0.021365271881222725, 0.008806584402918816, 0.06229187175631523, 0.0008799656061455607, -0.0006270433077588677, -0.01...
ristics (e.g., demographic profile, personality traits, and attitudes toward others), which mediate trust interactions. For example, research suggested that personal factors such as reputation, propensity to trust, and gender each influence trust development (see also, Johnson-George and Swap, 1982 ; Axelrod, 1984 ; Ir...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
0.852
["war_conflict"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974897
[ 0.015582293272018433, -0.06141488254070282, 0.0037189535796642303, 0.046249814331531525, 0.05012499913573265, -0.009760923683643341, 0.09804298728704453, 0.0552043691277504, 0.02523573860526085, -0.012801261618733406, 0.052209410816431046, 0.008371930569410324, 0.07977402955293655, -0.0333...
ty to trust is a large and perhaps the most influential factor in trust development. Also, emotional state has been found to be associated with interpersonal trust in a series of empirical studies (see, e.g., Dunn and Schweitzer, 2005 ; Myers and Tingley, 2016 ). Further, a trustor’s cognitive abilities and personality...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.896
0.716
["management"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974922
[ 0.0177907794713974, -0.056096628308296204, -0.020780518651008606, 0.03824298083782196, 0.023206304758787155, -0.017908979207277298, 0.08941547572612762, 0.014262904413044453, 0.09869113564491272, 0.02428058721125126, 0.023356610909104347, -0.003282851306721568, 0.07548283785581589, 0.03705...
s ( Adams and Webb, 2002 ; Stokes et al., 2011 ). In consideration of these and like observations, we anticipated that the factors relating to the trustor’s personal characteristics and abilities (as specified in Figure 2 ) would play substantial roles in the development of trust in interpersonal relationships. Factors...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.848
["networking", "philosophy"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974945
[ 0.029563741758465767, -0.03334486111998558, -0.04617536813020706, -0.011693557724356651, -0.029171431437134743, -0.09028123319149017, 0.035021472722291946, 0.008955209515988827, 0.05186707153916359, -0.05053098872303963, 0.04082006216049194, -0.006488644052296877, 0.07493504881858826, 0.02...
predictability, and reliability) as well as individual characteristics (e.g., personality, reputation, etc.; see Kessler et al., 2017 ). The predictability of, and expectations of, a trustee are each key elements of trust ( Bhattacharya et al., 1998 ). Research has also suggested that a trustee’s perceived ability, the...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.7
["ethics", "networking"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974969
[ 0.036697883158922195, -0.04490789398550987, -0.08589218556880951, 0.02376418374478817, 0.011388573795557022, -0.05561643838882446, 0.08114351332187653, -0.0007663053111173213, 0.021979406476020813, -0.032381270080804825, 0.014434716664254665, -0.0010839722817763686, 0.07361442595720291, 0....
erpersonal relationships ( Mayer et al., 1995 ; Amogbokpa, 2010 ). The abilities exhibited by a trustee are also especially taken into consideration and are predominant influences as trust develops. For example, in two studies, people perceived to be higher in ability were trusted more than those perceived of as low in...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.87
["networking"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.974991
[ 0.07867982983589172, -0.015541501343250275, -0.08190517872571945, 0.014834681525826454, -0.032782018184661865, -0.07736322283744812, 0.07468672096729279, 0.03415190801024437, 0.07163681089878082, -0.05556263029575348, 0.05187743902206421, -0.010119725950062275, 0.08452022075653076, 0.04161...
the levels of trust involved in the interaction (and see also Ridings et al., 2002 ). Factors associated with the context of trusting Finally, the contextual factors that our research groups have identified as potentially impactful on trust include both collaborative characteristics (e.g., culture, communication, and s...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.906
0.69
["communication", "economy"]
472
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975015
[ 0.06543362885713577, -0.08069386333227158, -0.007852470502257347, 0.0020985512528568506, 0.046933166682720184, -0.051251426339149475, 0.05307841673493385, 0.005161631386727095, 0.09274502843618393, -0.043719302862882614, 0.05128347501158714, 0.03372843191027641, 0.030861297622323036, 0.013...
task complexity; and see Kessler et al., 2017 ). Working with any other person or entity to accomplish a common task requires inter-dependence, at least to a degree, in order to achieve such mutual goals ( Mayer et al., 1995 ). The degree of this interdependence has been identified as one of the most important factors ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.907
0.856
[]
471
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975036
[ 0.012201067060232162, -0.04615044593811035, -0.029433300718665123, 0.018244367092847824, 0.053410109132528305, -0.0504063256084919, 0.07078111916780472, -0.01823650673031807, 0.0592646524310112, 0.012731916271150112, 0.0187641903758049, -0.02782857045531273, 0.017889220267534256, 0.0221315...
also been established in the existing literature. For example, human-human communication factors contribute to trust relationships ( Axelrod, 1984 ), as do acceptance of responsibility, confidentiality, integrity, consistency in behavior, and emotions, as depicted through non-verbal communication channels. All represen...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.836
["communication", "ethics", "networking"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975061
[ 0.001403231406584382, -0.040733881294727325, -0.04531162604689598, 0.020596452057361603, -0.004231228027492762, -0.04430602118372917, 0.0772259533405304, -0.057893525809049606, 0.03728422522544861, -0.03394768759608269, 0.09366115182638168, 0.003001326462253928, 0.028406595811247826, -0.01...
contribute to biases in perceptions of trustworthiness and these factors frequently serve to guide the trust in others ( Ammeter, 2000 ). Racial and ethnic similarities have been found to be associated with baseline affect-based trust, where co-workers of a similar race and ethnicity initially trust each other more ( A...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.905
0.854
[]
478
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975081
[ 0.03721016272902489, 0.013799194246530533, -0.01954830251634121, 0.032723139971494675, 0.007554878946393728, 0.025937670841813087, 0.03766688331961632, -0.029523195698857307, 0.02680055797100067, -0.09366048872470856, 0.022325512021780014, -0.03885601460933685, 0.007291117217391729, -0.015...
interacted over a more extended periods of time. This is one of a plethora of indications that trust is a constantly developing and evolving aspect of conscious interactive experience and argues for a greater focus on the dynamics of trust in future research endeavors. Trust can be most especially important in situatio...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.896
0.866
["communication", "management", "philosophy"]
510
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975105
[ -0.0007187052397057414, -0.07556453347206116, -0.01793680153787136, -0.019518550485372543, 0.0454058013856411, -0.033238448202610016, 0.07791316509246826, 0.005631903186440468, 0.09603848308324814, -0.005217210855334997, 0.028172053396701813, -0.01108168438076973, 0.043953146785497665, 0.0...
w, 1998 ) and has been an especial feature of our modern “zoom” era. Such influences of social and electronic “distance” on trust has therefore been most particularly relevant during the recent pandemic isolation situation (e.g., Kimmel, 2020 ). Increased levels of trust in these various contexts has been found to prom...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.864
["management"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975127
[ -0.001585533726029098, -0.05558304861187935, -0.016671596094965935, -0.014349427074193954, 0.034032873809337616, -0.0006581744528375566, 0.05737987533211708, 0.020993907004594803, 0.03845648467540741, -0.016950177028775215, 0.05847668647766113, 0.026273436844348907, 0.0777413621544838, 0.0...
opment of, and sustenance of interpersonal trust. Along with each of the aforementioned trustor and trustee factors, these founding, contextual premises helped shape and guide the structure of our meta-analytic evaluation, the detailed specifications of which now follow. The present evaluation method The examination of...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.844
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975147
[ 0.030530406162142754, 0.00899937842041254, -0.08647366613149643, -0.031040288507938385, 0.005994640290737152, -0.025482581928372383, 0.07890167087316513, 0.021191738545894623, 0.016554834321141243, -0.012151986360549927, 0.04138439521193504, -0.038706257939338684, 0.055042605847120285, 0.0...
nalized differently in its various operational contexts. However, as has been readily acknowledged ( Rousseau, 1998 ; Dirks and Ferrin, 2002 ) even differing definitions of trust do share some evident, common core concepts. Most prominently, this features the dimension of exposure and thus the notion of trust as a will...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.92
0.834
["education"]
426
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975172
[ 0.016684116795659065, -0.06876496970653534, -0.03288305550813675, 0.010447406210005283, 0.05734563618898392, 0.010083042085170746, 0.12395602464675903, 0.031216176226735115, 0.008026348426938057, -0.04735906422138214, 0.04403246194124222, -0.02629580907523632, 0.03732141852378845, -0.00372...
s commonality that our meta-analysis is grounded. By starting from this ubiquitous origin of risk and reward, we are able to explore the widest range of relevant works, while also pinpointing areas for needed further exploration. The fundamental question across all of the surveyed domains proves to be a relatively simp...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.903
0.852
["communication", "war_conflict", "rhetoric"]
485
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975196
[ 0.018324237316846848, -0.04033787176012993, -0.05104317143559456, 0.006281911861151457, 0.0872538611292839, 0.037332117557525635, 0.04038693755865097, 0.03217942640185356, 0.0925399512052536, 0.027756432071328163, -0.03675691783428192, 0.0041362629272043705, -0.020153047516942024, 0.019362...
subsequently dissipate, dissolve, and disappear? To answer these questions, we first accessed all of the available, extant meta-analyses that have previously been conducted and reported on interpersonal trust. These works proved to be informative but were, however, often limited in their scope. Thus, each individual re...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.898
0.844
["philosophy"]
505
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975218
[ -0.03408259153366089, -0.015192536637187004, 0.03793705254793167, 0.05590338632464409, 0.043808724731206894, -0.040473438799381256, 0.029725389555096626, 0.01770748570561409, 0.03745044022798538, -0.04388055577874184, 0.050609689205884933, 0.05157353729009628, 0.028227204456925392, 0.01091...
s the entirety of the interpersonal trust domain. For example, Colquitt et al. (2007) assessed only relationships between trust, trustworthiness, trust propensity, and the behavioral outcomes of such interactions, such as risk-taking and job performance. Likewise, Dirks and Ferrin (2002) focused their meta-analysis on ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.917
0.82
["leadership", "networking", "career", "philosophy"]
435
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975241
[ -0.016704248264431953, -0.018630720674991608, -0.06356268376111984, -0.019286442548036575, 0.021212317049503326, 0.00717595499008894, 0.0215340293943882, 0.0036336113698780537, -0.012428979389369488, -0.056846313178539276, 0.03685368224978447, 0.012098166160285473, 0.03781513497233391, 0.0...
and the interactive outcomes of these two issues. Yet another meta-analysis reported by Maguin (2010) examined only the associations between interpersonal trust and various team performance characteristics. And most recently, two of our own trust meta-analyses have focused on concerns largely beyond the human-human rea...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.896
0.858
["management", "agents", "philosophy"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975263
[ -0.022591177374124527, -0.031028088182210922, -0.03685278445482254, -0.0427483431994915, 0.039323002099990845, -0.06189842149615288, 0.07717680186033249, 0.01895630918443203, -0.014511669054627419, 0.00018696540792007, 0.04206959903240204, 0.022871501743793488, 0.049100037664175034, -0.009...
tomation trust ( Hancock, 2014 ; Schaefer et al., 2016 ), while the most recent of our group’s efforts have evaluated trust in AI systems ( Kaplan et al., 2021 ). All of these works provide relevant information and insight yet, currently, there is no broad meta-analysis which deals with the full and comprehensive body ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
0.862
["philosophy"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975285
[ -0.075972780585289, -0.057125311344861984, -0.0010071718133985996, -0.04212068393826485, 0.033783383667469025, -0.02158125676214695, 0.06291104853153229, -0.003148906398564577, 0.02192929945886135, -0.024112911894917488, -0.008872822858393192, -0.036363452672958374, 0.02472805045545101, 0....
to collect and quantitatively evaluate the most complete set of possible empirical studies on interpersonal trust and to analyze such data through meta-analytic procedures. This process was undertaken in order to assess the strength of identified factors impacting trust development and trust sustenance in all reported ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.897
0.85
[]
507
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975305
[ 0.010036478750407696, -0.06615608185529709, -0.005910766776651144, 0.019659949466586113, -0.01615719497203827, -0.051024455577135086, 0.09254486858844757, 0.010799570009112358, 0.006672286428511143, -0.0025516969617456198, 0.08140940219163895, -0.04991001635789871, 0.026745354756712914, 0....
limited to, JSTOR® , ProQuest® , and EBSCOhost® . In addition, we used web-based search engines (e.g., Google ® and its derivative Google Scholar ®) to identify further references not discovered by the initial, formal scan. The Boolean search strategy included 26 combinations of terms derived from our extended human-hu...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.698
0.86
["strategy", "philosophy"]
490
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975327
[ 0.004870485980063677, -0.04517171159386635, -0.046106260269880295, 0.013700411655008793, 0.03331337124109268, -0.033611148595809937, 0.07523363083600998, -0.02719009481370449, -0.018558640033006668, 0.005982783157378435, 0.011424865573644638, -0.014511942863464355, 0.10629073530435562, -0....
and their combinations are specified in Table 1 . Terms encompassed in other identified search terms were excised. Also, the trustee characteristic of “adaptability” was not directly included. This is because adaptability represents a performance measure and was, as a result, included in the identified search term for ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.69
0.83
["philosophy"]
448
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975349
[ 0.05722113698720932, -0.03256930410861969, -0.05378086864948273, 0.03149920701980591, 0.05608364939689636, -0.010134123265743256, 0.028131024911999702, 0.018445177003741264, -0.07668669521808624, -0.03016483038663864, 0.03486713767051697, -0.017359184101223946, 0.1127522736787796, -0.00043...
ironment,” were not included in the initial scan. This is because task and environment cannot be either controlled or randomly assigned in this field of concern. These latter terms were thus excluded from the beginning search profile but were reserved for, and still included in subsequent analysis as predictors. After ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.898
0.858
[]
506
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975369
[ 0.02685331553220749, 0.039706163108348846, -0.037449680268764496, 0.12518863379955292, 0.11105446517467499, -0.009487067349255085, 0.033093471080064774, 0.0079173743724823, -0.07103759050369263, -0.022907273843884468, 0.0020653950050473213, 0.02294349856674671, 0.06585517525672913, 0.03795...
er any other related studies could be identified. When this latter elicitation process no longer yielded any new citations, we compiled a final listing of articles as qualifying from our first screening. A total of 5,048 documents and reports were identified based on the specified search terms ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Hum...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.9
0.85
[]
498
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975390
[ -0.02301170863211155, -0.038888800889253616, -0.025635845959186554, 0.04076838865876198, 0.027652300894260406, -0.020169531926512718, 0.08806949853897095, 0.00016410992247983813, 0.01589801348745823, -0.002584368223324418, 0.09200626611709595, -0.02322067692875862, 0.08226294815540314, 0.0...
personal trust literature Boolean search terms 1. “Engagement” 14. “Group composition” 2. “Performance” 15. “Uncertainty” 3. “Situation awareness” 16. “Self-efficacy” OR “self-confidence” 4. “Prior experience” 17. “Expertise” OR “expert” 5. “Culture” 18. “Reliability” OR “predictability” 6. “Propensity to trust” 19. “P...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.676
["war_conflict", "philosophy"]
508
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975412
[ 0.023643409833312035, -0.06551329046487808, -0.0566200315952301, 0.047329552471637726, -0.024249764159321785, -0.03076823428273201, 0.12246977537870407, -0.020014405250549316, -0.013999938033521175, -0.02216857299208641, 0.07198920845985413, -0.036953721195459366, 0.10060226917266846, -0.0...
odels” OR “mental model” 9. “Trustworthiness” 22. “Conflict” AND (“team” OR “organization” OR “group”) 10. “Tenure” 23. (“Interaction frequency” OR “frequency of interaction”) 11. “Communication” 24. (“Task interdependence” OR “role interdependence”) 12. “Proximity” 25. (“Task difficulty” OR “multitasking”) 13. “Cohesi...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.684
["management", "communication", "crisis", "war_conflict"]
505
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975435
[ 0.024801896885037422, -0.09305737912654877, -0.056015342473983765, 0.025205709040164948, -0.04534401744604111, 0.009827900677919388, 0.015666835010051727, -0.04635029658675194, 0.0720541775226593, -0.03215361014008522, 0.06505554914474487, 0.0018713821191340685, 0.0730033591389656, 0.03626...
of search terms) were paired with: (“trust” AND). Inclusion and exclusion criteria After removing duplicates and works that were not peer-reviewed or were not obviously reflective of some evident facet of human-human trust, a total of 1,909 documents remained. These were then further inspected to ensure that they passe...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.852
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975455
[ 0.0097499405965209, -0.010675178840756416, -0.03825153782963753, 0.023539602756500244, 0.02314152382314205, 0.02144389972090721, 0.05020159110426903, -0.004949424881488085, 0.01658836007118225, -0.02546655759215355, 0.07861287891864777, 0.03150377795100212, 0.04839705675840378, -0.03844214...
ational or experimental) of trust in which trust was a measured outcome. Study participants had to consist of persons over 18 years of age and not include individuals who were otherwise vulnerable or represented clinical populations. The empirical examination of trust had to be directed toward an individual. Each study...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.854
["education", "philosophy", "war_conflict"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975478
[ 0.07391475141048431, 0.03318403661251068, -0.039031222462654114, 0.06597216427326202, -0.003241783706471324, -0.0011425218544900417, 0.03334667533636093, 0.05903579294681549, 0.010425174608826637, 0.022300388664007187, 0.06393034756183624, -0.01663528010249138, 0.06606101989746094, -0.0451...
size for the study, population size by condition, means, and standard deviations by condition, and F tests or t tests. For correlational studies, r values were acceptable. Each document must have originated from a peer-reviewed journal, dissertation, or conference proceedings. There were no geographical or temporal lim...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.696
0.846
["ethics", "education"]
482
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975500
[ 0.04813885688781738, 0.0213757511228323, -0.05700928345322609, 0.08056622743606567, -0.05478547886013985, 0.05998774245381355, -0.13007508218288422, 0.08491834253072739, -0.02545267716050148, 0.1043628454208374, 0.055100176483392715, 0.03703116998076439, -0.007451863959431648, 0.0978062450...
sufficient English translation readily available. The application of this assessment process resulted in 338 empirical articles, reports, dissertations, and conference proceedings published between 1974 and 2018 that met all of the criteria for inclusion in the present meta-analysis (see Figure 3 ). These 338 works rep...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.846
["resume", "education"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975522
[ 0.08989487588405609, -0.017419708892703056, -0.018147435039281845, 0.007046534679830074, -0.00959969125688076, 0.0584878996014595, 0.007651541847735643, 0.06537740677595139, -0.00504359370097518, 0.013351572677493095, 0.034826528280973434, 0.031272128224372864, -0.019501211121678352, -0.02...
riables (i.e., Tenure and Perceived Trustworthiness), such results were averaged within the study in order that each sample population only contributed one final effect size for each analysis. This was done to meet the assumption of independence criterion (see Hunter and Schmidt, 2004 ). The 338 documents which met all...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
0.862
["education"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975544
[ 0.05710133537650108, -0.01992262899875641, 0.0014104353031143546, 0.013150019571185112, 0.04604111239314079, 0.018585188314318657, -0.01887655258178711, 0.0769583135843277, 0.010820886120200157, -0.004268093034625053, 0.05449821799993515, 0.040352340787649155, -0.002295623766258359, -0.061...
d works in order to ensure that each empirical finding is only included once. This caution is required because some data sets are published on multiple occasions, and it is important that they do not then exert disproportionate effects due to repeated inclusion. Therefore, we ensured that each set of data was represent...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.866
["education"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975567
[ -0.03753415122628212, 0.018673934042453766, 0.04631791263818741, 0.03840341046452522, 0.0193621963262558, 0.02701226994395256, -0.005056458525359631, -0.05810084939002991, 0.03398702293634415, 0.01993645168840885, 0.032220758497714996, 0.007212197873741388, 0.008188853971660137, -0.0338551...
d sequential refinement of the presently qualifying studies. Coding procedures and effect size calculations The initial coding of those articles identified early in the process was accomplished by two of the present authors (DB, KS). Subsequently, the full coding of the whole panoply of identified, qualifying works was...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.86
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975585
[ -0.011662905104458332, 0.033728256821632385, 0.007039549294859171, 0.0023318580351769924, -0.04485928267240524, 0.053717710077762604, -0.07153625786304474, 0.06515391916036606, 0.006215556990355253, 0.0647355243563652, -0.01474301889538765, 0.11667952686548233, -0.008295027539134026, -0.04...
st in two parts, and then each coded their respective half. Once that initial coding had been completed, the individuals then exchanged lists and proceeded to double-code the other’s list. As a consequence, all studies were checked at least twice and the large majority of them upon four occasions. All points of disagre...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.866
["negotiation"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975608
[ -0.010855630040168762, 0.03019847348332405, -0.07992817461490631, 0.004185809288173914, -0.040886860340833664, 0.028598695993423462, -0.0024400739930570126, 0.08832430839538574, -0.03236712887883186, -0.014165496453642845, 0.025325564667582512, 0.055176690220832825, -0.014835878275334835, ...
mine the patterns of findings in the identified body of human interpersonal trust research. First, each study’s effect size was calculated using standard formulae (see Hedges and Olkin, 1985 ; Morris and DeShon, 2002 ; Hunter and Schmidt, 2004 ). As the construct of “trust” was measured in a variety of methods (e.g., d...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.901
0.86
["education", "philosophy"]
495
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975630
[ 0.009811646305024624, -0.0022557941265404224, 0.0211019329726696, 0.02260543592274189, 0.0021582581102848053, -0.06802050024271011, 0.022439854219555855, 0.05029212310910225, 0.05099796876311302, -0.002409966429695487, 0.06607761979103088, -0.023115655407309532, 0.014291290193796158, 0.001...
ch variation (and see Hunter and Schmidt, 2004 ). Studies included in effect size calculations contained both correlational and group design data. Therefore, the use of multiple meta-analytic methods (correlation and Cohen’s d ) was deemed relevant and necessary. The correlational effects represent an association betwe...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.698
0.848
[]
488
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975649
[ 0.07756424695253372, -0.015231139026582241, -0.007210890296846628, 0.002445787191390991, -0.003946882672607899, -0.014370881952345371, 0.032267745584249496, 0.051931336522102356, 0.03433907404541969, 0.0005091318162158132, 0.05649781972169876, -0.008536828681826591, 0.04287403076887131, -0...
ersonal trust model, as illustrated in Figure 1 . Cohen’s d represents the standard difference between two means in SD units. From these collective observations, we garnered correlational and causal inferences between trust and any given factor. In some cases, only one qualifying article, that examined a specific varia...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.864
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975667
[ 0.03624960035085678, -0.0786697268486023, -0.01419100072234869, 0.04279148951172829, 0.05342991277575493, -0.00032555253710597754, 0.02478756383061409, 0.012541360221803188, 0.050670258700847626, -0.024130189791321754, 0.09392578154802322, -0.006576011888682842, 0.12680841982364655, -0.012...
mprehensive overview of the current state of the literature. However, in these cases ( k = 1), confidence intervals could not be established for that effect size. Such cases cannot yet be considered truly “meta” analytic since they provide only one, idiographic outcome. However, these cases do suggest areas in the over...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.864
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975687
[ 0.06144661083817482, 0.023472510278224945, 0.01207633689045906, 0.022862760350108147, 0.04066837206482887, 0.02735939621925354, -0.010377866216003895, 0.10336288064718246, 0.01622236706316471, 0.040585413575172424, -0.008343415334820747, 0.06357653439044952, 0.01960628479719162, -0.0537100...
sitive number represents higher trust and vice versa. Findings were interpreted using established ranges for d of Cohen (1988) . Respectively, these are small ( d ≤ 0.20; r ≤ 0.10), medium ( d = 0.50; r = 0.25), and large ( d ≥ 0.80; r ≥ 0.40) effect sizes. Variance estimates For all included studies, several variance ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.696
0.726
[]
479
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975707
[ 0.07182683795690536, -0.043302033096551895, 0.013285748660564423, 0.016802916303277016, -0.02642212063074112, 0.0038747675716876984, -0.029592283070087433, 0.05907426401972771, 0.011925438418984413, -0.011435707099735737, -0.013108081184327602, 0.015476753935217857, 0.06345922499895096, -0...
y due to sampling error ( s 2 e ) were estimated. Next, these two values were used to compute residual variance ( s 2 δ ). A final check for homogeneity of variance ( s e 2 s g 2 ) was calculated (proportion of total variance accounted for by sampling error). Hunter and Schmidt (2004) have suggested that an outcome her...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.694
0.876
["ethics"]
471
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975729
[ 0.06507448852062225, 0.02504894696176052, 0.0892542153596878, 0.0448933020234108, 0.07474282383918762, -0.012035887688398361, -0.02750655636191368, 0.03353139013051987, -0.012709971517324448, 0.007683932315558195, 0.04231764003634453, 0.012027106247842312, -0.06089865416288376, -0.02780268...
olled for and represents homogeneity of variance. However, large residual variance and large homogeneity of variance may be seen as a result of a small number of sample studies and this propensity is evident in some of our own present results. Lipsey and Wilson (2001) have provided an in-depth examination of the variou...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.864
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975749
[ 0.08331351727247238, 0.051374997943639755, 0.043100547045469284, 0.0402265302836895, 0.05567874014377594, 0.0232906024903059, -0.04558294266462326, 0.09018156677484512, 0.006395350676029921, 0.04245220124721527, -0.01889878697693348, 0.0700550302863121, -0.05018286034464836, -0.05240968614...
bserved variance due to sampling error that exceeds unity. This can occur because the sampling error variance and the total observed variance are computed separately, and if the observed variance proves to be very small and/or the sampling error variance is then very large, the proportion can be greater than a value of...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.698
0.876
[]
490
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975768
[ 0.09482105821371078, -0.05534721910953522, 0.06252028048038483, 0.1111263707280159, 0.0495564304292202, 0.01437315158545971, -0.05890810117125511, 0.0884421244263649, 0.04366559162735939, 0.02708319202065468, -0.058934129774570465, -0.000006594473688892322, 0.017833592370152473, -0.1006656...
k = 3), or that the effect sizes are homogeneous. Publication bias To address the potential for any inherent publication bias, we constructed two funnel plots derived from our data. Here, we employed the “trim-and-fill” method advocated by Duval and Tweedie (2000) (see also Schmidt and Hunter, 2015 ). As can be seen in...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.908
0.858
["communication"]
466
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975790
[ 0.07696346938610077, 0.0347396582365036, -0.020937969908118248, 0.07669075578451157, 0.01263502985239029, -0.013830057345330715, -0.08135126531124115, -0.00549659039825201, 0.05547260493040085, 0.07834140211343765, -0.02657284401357174, 0.08414445072412491, 0.025781285017728806, -0.0102007...
ence of any such publication bias in either case. In addition, for the correlational analysis, the trimmed mean effect size (0.24) was very similar to the unadjusted value (0.25). Also, the trimmed mean for the pair-wise analysis (0.57) was also very similar to that for the unadjusted value (0.58). If publication biase...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
1
0.718
["ethics", "education"]
507
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975849
[ 0.03287220001220703, 0.060957252979278564, 0.004524108953773975, 0.05432889983057976, -0.04186286777257919, -0.013937498442828655, -0.09121307730674744, 0.07136064767837524, 0.045269809663295746, 0.022561095654964447, 0.03442130610346794, 0.10281398892402649, -0.04200373589992523, 0.004311...
es (and see Schmidt and Hunter, 2015 ). Figure 4. Open in a new tab A funnel-plot examining publication bias in the correlational analysis. Figure 5. Open in a new tab A funnel-plot examining publication bias in the pairwise analyses. Meta-analysis results Trustor factors Specific predictive factors were identified and...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.994
0.694
[]
470
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975878
[ 0.09447938203811646, -0.02012046054005623, -0.09720392525196075, 0.042569808661937714, 0.032470181584358215, 0.005492791533470154, -0.028984002768993378, 0.050315435975790024, 0.07483270019292831, 0.01966330222785473, 0.015185588970780373, 0.07284973561763763, -0.026746902614831924, 0.0267...
thiness, propensity to trust, and general trust). Trustworthiness was further sub-divided into a downward direction (trustworthiness of a subordinate) and an upward direction (trustworthiness of a supervisor). Trustor factors included all variables that applied to the person who was doing the trusting, i.e., the person...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.852
["war_conflict"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975924
[ 0.052654750645160675, -0.04075797274708748, -0.021439893171191216, 0.056783679872751236, 0.02406979352235794, -0.0023383828811347485, 0.058559197932481766, 0.012099683284759521, -0.0634261965751648, -0.024614136666059494, 0.08848612010478973, -0.00882136169821024, 0.08829942345619202, 0.03...
the person in whom they were placing their trust. Not all factors, identified in the present descriptive structure, were found in the literature pertaining to each analysis. Since our meta-analytic review drew from the whole body of work concerning trust, and not all articles identified provided sufficient information ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.906
0.84
["networking", "philosophy"]
473
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975958
[ 0.06925419718027115, 0.003020305885002017, -0.047150641679763794, -0.003018986899405718, -0.023720141500234604, 0.012953574769198895, 0.03489263728260994, 0.02779405005276203, 0.036971356719732285, 0.0011708037927746773, 0.08542078733444214, 0.028446178883314133, 0.02365938387811184, 0.004...
one directional relationship but not for another. For instance, a variable might have been found to correlate to trustor factors, but not found in any articles referencing those factors for trustees. Identification of these lacunae help generate recommendations for prospective experimental explorations. Trustee factors...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.683
0.82
["communication", "networking", "rhetoric"]
414
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.975988
[ 0.09178809076547623, -0.0466512106359005, -0.059417642652988434, 0.04830753430724144, 0.01438299473375082, -0.022749777883291245, -0.027324117720127106, -0.016074491664767265, 0.056539952754974365, -0.029514841735363007, 0.07916956394910812, -0.03198113292455673, 0.0325874462723732, 0.0660...
ects of the person in whom trust is being placed. For example, the trustee independent and/or predictor variable of “gender” refers exclusively to whether the trustee identified as male or female. The level of trust or perceived trustworthiness however is still reported by the trustor. Contextual factors Contextual or ...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.858
["networking"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976019
[ 0.08680654317140579, 0.003617573296651244, -0.06445258855819702, 0.027918754145503044, 0.07337029278278351, -0.041894227266311646, 0.07835091650485992, -0.02839631959795952, 0.10404135286808014, -0.03684695065021515, 0.10042420029640198, -0.07096698135137558, 0.051869947463274, 0.008670689...
e relationship, such as a shared mental model or properties such as team cohesion. Contextual factors are also aspects of the physical environment, or characteristics of the task at hand that affect both trustor and trustee. These can include the presence of objective risk or immediate presence of potential harm such a...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.895
0.856
["management", "networking", "war_conflict"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976050
[ 0.06217391416430473, -0.011555266566574574, -0.017878158017992973, -0.008527264930307865, 0.044361792504787445, 0.02585575357079506, 0.04369451478123665, 0.0122291324660182, 0.07616125047206879, 0.016503186896443367, 0.09437712281942368, 0.005553043447434902, 0.05807268247008324, 0.0862851...
ental material for a complete list of citations and their respective effect sizes). Of the relationships evaluated, the vast majority (89.9%) examined the trustworthiness of another individual as the outcome variable. The individual in question, or the trustee, could be a lateral team member, a supervisor, or a subordi...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.687
0.83
["management", "networking"]
435
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976087
[ 0.05573171004652977, 0.01301619689911604, -0.060264769941568375, -0.012758297845721245, -0.011965368874371052, -0.03265621140599251, 0.038979385048151016, 0.02452651783823967, 0.016875728964805603, -0.017008299008011818, 0.05885426327586174, -0.011259123682975769, 0.03274618089199066, -0.0...
l’s propensity to trust as a dispositional trait. Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the correlational studies employed at least one of these variables. The remaining ~1% examined general trust and could not be classified as either the propensity to trust or the perception of trustworthiness. Both of the latter were variable...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.908
0.84
[]
467
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976114
[ 0.05443338677287102, -0.08477101475000381, -0.008611018769443035, 0.00317011890001595, 0.034371983259916306, 0.05415864288806915, 0.10865003615617752, 0.02883678674697876, -0.003829589346423745, -0.01584964245557785, 0.06661105901002884, -0.0026394836604595184, 0.04996353015303612, -0.0158...
les and number of effect sizes derived from each. Factor in proposed human-human trust model Number of effect sizes Effect size % Trustee trustworthiness 387 9.9 Team cohesion 273 7 Trustor personality traits 244 6.3 Trustor commitment 241 6.2 Trustor-other factors 227 5.8 Shared communication 208 5.3 Shared performanc...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.712
["management", "philosophy", "communication"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976144
[ 0.07127740234136581, -0.05460309609770775, -0.05312342941761017, -0.005880777258425951, -0.026220396161079407, -0.011249546892940998, 0.021627724170684814, 0.02223164401948452, 0.059083979576826096, 0.017170291393995285, 0.05692095682024956, -0.027952158823609352, 0.020439472049474716, 0.0...
on 118 3 Trustor prior experience 110 2.8 Shared task characteristics 104 2.7 Shared factors-other 102 2.6 Team conflict 95 2.4 Shared tenure 88 2.3 Trustor age 86 2.2 Trustee-other factors 80 2.1 Trustor uncertainty 79 2 Trustor gender 75 1.9 Trustor self-efficacy 67 1.7 Shared interdependence 58 1.5 Trustor engagemen...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.716
["management", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976175
[ 0.08936868607997894, -0.035155683755874634, -0.06977947801351547, 0.004546706564724445, -0.010082216002047062, -0.01795879565179348, -0.0013301861472427845, -0.0333474837243557, 0.035241033881902695, -0.046707697212696075, 0.01489196065813303, 0.0028485674411058426, 0.06477437913417816, 0....
tworthiness proved to be significant ( r = 0.27). Additionally, trustee factors ( r = 0.34) and contextual factors ( r = 0.28) also exhibited similar significant relationships with trustor’s perceptions of trustee’s level of trustworthiness. Of these three factors, proposed to predict trust development, none of the ass...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.899
0.848
["networking"]
503
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976205
[ 0.09266743063926697, -0.05120953917503357, -0.0683048814535141, 0.02195185050368309, -0.029229160398244858, -0.08193590492010117, 0.021368516609072685, 0.01731950230896473, 0.04325297847390175, -0.020800160244107246, 0.0669378712773323, -0.04740247502923012, 0.06271199882030487, -0.0216143...
d with all three of these overarching categories. That is, the interpersonal trust between individuals can be derived, at least to some consistent extent, from each of the trustor, the trustee as well as contextual situation in which they interact. More information, such as confidence intervals and the number of the sa...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.872
["philosophy"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976235
[ -0.011937042698264122, -0.04690741375088692, -0.02588287740945816, -0.005034155678004026, -0.00835669320076704, -0.05415605381131172, 0.09803282469511032, 0.006425066385418177, 0.05013919621706009, -0.0021580818574875593, 0.054521165788173676, -0.08916030079126358, 0.059669751673936844, -0...
e that is due to sampling error was estimated to be below the Hunter and Schmidt (2004) 0.75 threshold for homogeneity. That is, in each case, there remains a degree of systematic variance in the correlations that can be explored using further moderator analyses. Table 3. Overall trust predictors. Factor category Trust...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.728
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976262
[ 0.09567886590957642, -0.037221964448690414, -0.01999562419950962, 0.07439293712377548, 0.05940272659063339, -0.011441970244050026, -0.005963664967566729, 0.0019947378896176815, 0.02279605343937874, 0.007444346789270639, 0.07370524108409882, -0.07498027384281158, 0.018394457176327705, 0.018...
6 0.33 0.36 Contextual factors Trustworthiness 141 0.28 * 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.27 0.29 Trustor factors Trustworthiness 136 0.27 * 0.003 0.05 0.07 0.26 0.28 Trustee factors Propensity to trust 17 0.16 * 0.01 0.02 0.46 0.12 0.21 Trustor factors General trust 1 0.16 * — — — — — Contextual factors Propensity to trust 23 0.13 *...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.74
[]
511
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976287
[ 0.04567435011267662, -0.06325254589319229, -0.0922735258936882, 0.015819136053323746, 0.015536916442215443, 0.00857892818748951, 0.02887077070772648, 0.0036226806696504354, -0.005971716716885567, -0.004238867200911045, 0.052492447197437286, -0.04406336694955826, 0.036812182515859604, 0.034...
— — — — Trustor predictors Trust category K r s g 2 s g 2 s e 2 s g 2 95% confidence interval Lower limit Upper limit Trustor abilities Commitment Trustworthiness 33 0.44 * 0.005 0.05 0.10 0.42 0.47 Propensity to trust 14 0.19 * 0.01 0.02 0.38 0.15 0.23 Engagement Trustworthiness 9 0.40 * 0.001 0.06 0.02 0.38 0.42 Prop...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.742
["philosophy"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976315
[ -0.013435350731015205, -0.05637006834149361, -0.10307811945676804, 0.006079734768718481, -0.03138158470392227, 0.004335127770900726, -0.007003120146691799, 0.029323197901248932, 0.007255107164382935, 0.0024199900217354298, 0.004432314075529575, -0.05605589598417282, 0.043182678520679474, -...
01 0.02 0.41 0.12 0.24 Uncertainty Trustworthiness 16 0.05 * 0.01 0.11 0.08 0.01 0.10 Propensity to trust 2 −0.06 0.01 0.003 3.35 −0.21 0.10 Prior experience Trustworthiness 14 0.00 0.003 0.007 0.46 −0.03 0.03 Propensity to trust 8 0.08 * 0.01 0.003 3.01 0.02 0.15 Characteristics Other trust measures Trustworthiness 35...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
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[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976341
[ 0.05208404362201691, -0.053363487124443054, -0.0686781257390976, 0.018087545409798622, -0.05775713175535202, -0.00043911568354815245, 0.012088294140994549, 0.05141204595565796, 0.021409934386610985, -0.03083592653274536, 0.06209255009889603, -0.048180993646383286, 0.04652669280767441, 0.00...
.32 0.40 Propensity to trust 2 0.32 * 0.01 0.02 0.45 0.21 0.44 Personality traits Trustworthiness 38 0.25 * 0.003 0.04 0.08 0.24 0.27 Propensity to trust 19 0.08 * 0.002 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.10 Propensity to trust Trustworthiness 10 0.22 * 0.01 0.01 1.01 0.16 0.29 Propensity to trust 7 0.17 * 0.02 0.01 1.55 0.06 0.27 Cultu...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.738
[]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976367
[ 0.06023314967751503, -0.040018972009420395, -0.06507411599159241, 0.06450092792510986, -0.04246557131409645, -0.0015545267378911376, 0.021560002118349075, -0.03484981507062912, -0.048270247876644135, -0.006874396465718746, 0.07976307719945908, -0.09723679721355438, -0.006586592644453049, 0...
.002 0.02 0.12 0.08 0.12 Propensity to trust 8 0.04 * 0.002 0.003 0.57 0.02 0.07 General trust 1 −0.07 — — — — — Age Trustworthiness 26 0.07 * 0.003 0.007 0.35 0.05 0.09 Propensity to trust 11 0.10 * 0.002 0.00 2.02 0.08 0.13 General trust 1 0.23 * — — — — — Race Trustworthiness 3 −0.02 0.01 0.005 1.19 −0.10 0.07 Prope...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083508/
How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model - PMC
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
public_domain
false
0.7
0.658
["education"]
512
Building and Maintaing Trust
topic
2026-03-21T02:35:57.976401
[ 0.035964012145996094, -0.03615142032504082, -0.06659749895334244, 0.01641683280467987, -0.06656529009342194, 0.026439517736434937, 0.021010197699069977, -0.006646222434937954, -0.03708776459097862, -0.022774888202548027, 0.03274651989340782, -0.06499499827623367, 0.03219189494848251, 0.010...