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g ( DuBois, Chibnall, Tait, & Vander Wal, 2016 ). The authors, who run the training program, found that most researchers who were referred are successful and never intended to break research rules. The most common reason for referral (49%) was failure to provide adequate oversight of their labs or studies, which in tur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.358 | 0.856 | ["management", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 496 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.538829 | [
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ies in managing workloads and setting priorities. The quality and integrity of scientific work depends largely on the leadership and management practices of investigators. Activities such as cultivating a lab culture, mentoring trainees, assembling teams, training and supervising staff, solving technical problems, and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.406 | 0.852 | ["management", "leadership", "ethics"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.538899 | [
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vine-Finley, 2010 ; Cohen, 2012 ; Gray, 2008 ; Nosek et al., 2015 ; Roberts, Kavussanu, & Sprague, 2001 ; Sapienza, 2004 ). Yet, how scientists navigate the numerous social and organizational dimensions of scientific research has received virtually no attention ( Hurley, 2003 ; Robledo, Peterson, & Mumford, 2012 ). Thi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.866 | [] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.538946 | [
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dman, Cockburn, & Simcoe, 2015 ; Hurley, 2003 ; Ladd, Lappé, McCormick, Boyce, & Cho, 2009 ; McCormick, Boyce, Ladd, & Cho, 2012 ). Thus, there is a pressing need to examine the role of leadership in science. Leadership in science exists at multiple levels ( Robledo et al., 2012 ). Leadership and management activities ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.435 | 0.87 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539037 | [
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project coordinators and lab managers ( Pryor, Habermann, & Broome, 2007 ; Rico-Villademoros et al., 2004 ), and principal investigators ( K. Barker, 2010 ; Kvaskoff & McKay, 2014 ). Our focus in the present effort is principal investigators (PIs) and the leadership and management responsibilities they encounter as the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management"] | 497 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539099 | [
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ding leadership and management in their research. Specifically, our intention was to gather evidence to understand whether investigators attribute significance to leadership and management in their performing research. We also sought to understand how prepared investigators felt to perform leadership and management res... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.81 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 420 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539149 | [
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ining and to identify practices that they employ. What Are Leadership and Management? Leadership may be the most written about phenomenon in human life ( Hogan & Kaiser, 2005 ; Zaccaro, 2014 ). Indeed, an extensive literature examining leadership and management in organizations exists in the psychology and management d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.63 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "llm"] | 438 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539205 | [
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, & Humphrey, 2011 ; Schein, 2010 ; Yukl, 1989 ). In this literature, scholars debate the importance of distinguishing between leadership and management; indeed they are both essential and often overlap ( National Research Council, 2015b ; Northouse, 2013 ). The many models and theories of leadership and management ref... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.625 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 442 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539303 | [
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-Bien, 2001 ; National Research Council, 2015b ). Some scholars describe leadership as having a longer-term orientation and management a shorter-term focus. Leaders are forward-thinking and change-oriented while managers focus on consistency and efficiency in accomplishing tasks ( Kotter, 2008 ; Maccoby, 2000 ). Thus, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "strategy", "motivation", "networking"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539384 | [
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anagement emphasize mechanisms such as planning, directing, and organizing aimed at overseeing work ( Bass, 1990 ; Conger, 1999 ; Maccoby, 2000 ; Zaleznik, 1977 ). Overall, leadership and management may be defined as the social mechanisms and organizational processes by which people achieve success through collective e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539459 | [
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04 ); however, contemporary leadership theories increasingly define leadership as a dynamic, shared social process, rather than a quality of specific individuals per se ( Avolio, Walumbwa, & Weber, 2009 ). How Are Leadership and Management Germane to Scientific Research? In the existing small body of empirical evidence... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539517 | [
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Farris, 1967 ; Barnowe, 1975 ; Baumgartel, 1957 ; Knorr, Mittermeir, Aichholzer, & Waller, 2009 ). While we know very little about leadership and management in scientific research, it is clear that leadership is particularly critical when the nature of work is complex and creative ( Frankel, Leonard, & Denham, 2006 ; M... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.425 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 410 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539569 | [
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4 ; M. Mumford, Scott, Gaddis, & Strange, 2002 ). Leaders of creative work identify and coordinate requisite expertise for projects, create shared mindsets about mission direction, define strategies for carrying out the work, and orchestrate an environment characterized by intellectual stimulation, communication, and p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.561 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "communication", "innovation", "war_conflict"] | 420 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539617 | [
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umford & Licuanan, 2004 ; Robledo et al., 2012 ). In performing these key activities, leaders engage in a complex array of behaviors—some more traditionally associated with “management” (e.g., planning, obtaining resources, providing feedback) and others more traditionally associated with “leadership” (e.g., coaching, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.67 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "networking", "philosophy"] | 449 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539667 | [
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larly in the face of obstacles and setbacks) ( M. Mumford, Scott, & Gaddis, 2003 ; National Research Council, 2015b ). The scientific community describes some interpersonal elements of scientific work (e.g., communication, shared values, and trust) in the mentoring and team science literatures ( Adams, 2014 ; Bird, 200... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.337 | 0.844 | ["communication", "management", "ethics"] | 456 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539715 | [
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dynamics of the research context are overlooked. The collective nature of scientific research ( Adams, 2014 ; Binz-Scharf, Kalish, & Paik, 2015 ; Ledford, 2015 ) suggests models of shared and distributed leadership may be appropriate in scientific work ( Bolden, 2011 ; Drath et al., 2008 ; Friedrich, Vessey, Schuelke, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539762 | [
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ue leadership as the collective mindsets and practices that facilitate direction, alignment, and commitment. Additionally, scientific research is highly project-based. This implies that what constitutes effective leadership may vary at different stages ( Buijs, 2007 ; Robledo et al., 2012 ). Thus, PIs likely need to be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.44 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539811 | [
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docs, peers, and superiors ( Chi, 2010 ; Cohen, 2012 ; Bonetta, 2006 ). Models of leadership emphasizing pragmatic forms of leadership—employing technical expertise and problem-solving strategies as means to enhance individual and group capacity to perform work effectively—may also be particularly appropriate in the sc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "ethics"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539856 | [
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are integral to performing scientific work ( Bird, 2014 ; Buck, 2015 ; Devereaux, 2014 ; Macrina, 2014 ). In orchestrating research, some of the considerations researchers encounter include employing best practices to ensure data integrity, avoiding biases that undermine objective methods and interpretations, executing... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.514 | 0.854 | ["management", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.539933 | [
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ois, 2004 ; DuBois et al., 2016 ; Nuzzo, 2015 ; Parker, Vermeulen, & Penders, 2011 ). Furthermore, scientists must model responsible behaviors to those whom they train, mentor, and manage ( Bird & Sprague, 2001 ; Ripley, Markowitz, Nichols-Casebolt, Williams, & Macrina, 2012 ). Navigating this environment requires lead... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540013 | [
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cesses and practices ( Ashford & DeRue, 2012 ; Unsworth & Mason, 2012 ). Although moral and positive forms of leadership are not the only viable models of leadership ( M. Mumford & Fried, 2014 ), matters of integrity and ethics are elemental to notions of scientific work ( Kalichman, 2014b ). Thus, models of leadership... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.872 | ["leadership", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540088 | [
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00 ; Brown & Trevino, 2006 ), associated with rigorous, transparent and ethical research. Overall, models of leadership in science are in their infancy. Future work must examine leadership in science as its own phenomenon as existing models (which typically focus on corporate and political settings) may be inadequate f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.444 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 443 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540179 | [
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Research Council, 2015b ; Robledo et al., 2012 ). In the healthcare setting, for example, attempts to adopt Six Sigma management strategies—which have been successful in transforming manufacturing industries—have yielded limited evidence of their effectiveness ( DelliFraine, Wang, McCaughey, Langabeer, & Erwin, 2013 ).... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540244 | [
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has overlooked leadership and management in performing scientific work. These reasons relate primarily to assumptions about the nature of researchers and the nature of scientific work. Researchers tend to be autonomous, self-driven individuals who are intrinsically motivated by their work ( M. Mumford et al., 2003 ). T... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.708 | ["philosophy", "leadership", "motivation", "management", "agents"] | 510 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540312 | [
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M. Mumford et al., 2014 ; Robledo et al., 2012 ). Indeed, given the self-confident, conscientious, and achievement-oriented nature of scientists, it may be difficult for leaders to engage in influence attempts ( M. Mumford et al., 2003 ; Robledo et al., 2012 ). But, as outlined above, models of distributed and pragmati... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.716 | ["leadership", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540378 | [
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oor leadership ( Hogan & Kaiser, 2005 ; Sapienza, 2004 ). The contemporary scientific community recognizes that scientific work is not a sole endeavor ( Bennett et al., 2010 ; Hemlin, Allwood, Martin, & Mumford, 2013 ). However, the romantic notion of an individual scientist working alone to achieve breakthroughs linge... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.345 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 500 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540445 | [
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ocial nature of the modern scientific enterprise. Additionally, researchers view the scientific process as an objective, dispassionate endeavor—one potentially devoid of significant human and social elements ( Markowetz, 2105 ; McCormick et al., 2012 ). But, the recent recognition of the fallibilities of the scientific... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.491 | 0.832 | ["philosophy"] | 436 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540512 | [
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hat science is, in fact, a deeply human endeavor. Nonetheless, these notions may have fostered the sidelining of the social dimensions of science. Research Questions In sum, researchers work in a complex professional environment on multi-faceted, high-demand work. This work requires leadership and management. The objec... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.558 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "education"] | 499 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540578 | [
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adership and management in their scientific work. Overall, we addressed the questions: Do PIs perceive leadership and management activities as essential to conducting effective research and how prepared did they feel for these activities after completing their scientific training? Additionally, we identified management... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.581 | 0.832 | ["management", "leadership", "communication"] | 487 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540650 | [
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ntion aimed at fostering effective lab practices. Methods Study Design and Sample We conducted semi-structured interviews with NIH-funded genetic researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, a research-intensive medical center which has one of the four human genome sequencing centers funded by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.844 | ["education", "interview"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540717 | [
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man, and animal) funded across NIH institutes but sharing a common focus on genetic or genomic science. At this stage, to foster interpretation of our findings we focused within one academic medical center to minimize the potential for differences attributable to varied institutional cultures. We identified PIs funded ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.482 | 0.83 | ["career", "economy"] | 438 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540810 | [
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elopment) grants using the NIH RePORTER database. We sought investigators diverse in career stage, hence our inclusion of PIs funded on K grants. A keyword search (e.g., gene, genetic, genomic, exome) of project abstracts active as of September 2014 yielded 407 unique project PIs at Washington University. We utilized i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.354 | 0.854 | ["communication", "career", "education"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.540944 | [
-0.04049147292971611,
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entation among the funded investigators (70% male, 30% female). We also stratified our sample across the NIH institutes that had funded the research. We randomly sampled 30–35 investigators at a time across the two strata in each of four rounds of recruitment. To refine the initial RePORTER query, we reviewed the proje... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.854 | [] | 471 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541012 | [
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mics and replaced (at random) those that did not. In total, we emailed 135 investigators inviting them to participate in a 30–45 minute telephone or in-person interview focused on “understanding the challenges and practices of researchers in genetic and genomics.” We followed up after one week with a second email and a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.313 | 0.858 | ["crisis", "interview"] | 503 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541082 | [
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esearchers, and 32 (24%) agreeing to participate. The Washington University in St. Louis institutional review board approved this study (ID# 201409169). PIs received a consent information sheet via email before participating in the study and had the opportunity to ask questions before the interviews began. Data Collect... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.828 | ["education", "interview", "philosophy"] | 441 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541146 | [
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p questions used as needed and as time permitted. The experience of the senior investigator (J.M.D.), and his research on professionalism and responsible conduct in research ( DuBois, 2004 ; DuBois et al., 2016 ), as well as the first author’s familiarity with the leadership literature ( Antes & Mumford, 2012 ; Antes &... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.436 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "career", "interview"] | 428 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541217 | [
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2008 ) guided generation of interview questions. However, questions were intentionally broad in focus to avoid priming participants to discuss leadership and management. Our opening question was simply, “Thinking about what it takes to do your research effectively, in addition to scientific knowledge and technical expe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management", "interview", "education"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541288 | [
-0.02598142996430397,
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gement as important to their research and to discover practices they utilize. Additionally, we asked the participants for their reactions to a potential program aimed at providing PIs with guidance in lab leadership and management. A secondary area of focus was PIs’ perspectives on ethical and social issues in research... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics", "interview", "education"] | 504 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541355 | [
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ews, after training provided by the first author. For the convenience of the PIs, we allowed them to choose whether to participate via telephone (n = 20) or in-person (n = 12). The average length of the interviews was 34 minutes ( SD = 16). All of the participants gave consent for us to audio-record the interview. To o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.303 | 0.872 | ["interview", "career"] | 496 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541417 | [
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es and whether they were originally from the U.S. or an international background via biographical information posted online on institutional or lab websites. We began to achieve saturation of themes at about 20 interviews, but completed 32 to interviews to ensure that the themes remained consistent upon achieving a ful... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.505 | 0.834 | ["interview", "career", "philosophy"] | 457 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541483 | [
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scriptionist transcribed the interviews verbatim. Data Analysis We performed a content analysis of the interview transcripts ( Roller & Lavrakas, 2015 ; Vogt, Vogt, Gardner, & Haeffele, 2014 ) using an inductive coding scheme developed from the participants’ responses. First, one member of the study team (A.L.A.), an o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.85 | ["interview", "management", "education", "philosophy"] | 505 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541549 | [
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consisting of the themes and their descriptions. The senior author (J.M.D.) reviewed the coding guide. Next, A.L.A. and A.M. met to discuss the coding scheme before applying it to 10% of the interviews. Both coders read the transcripts and indicated whether each theme was present or not present by entering 1 ( present ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.728 | ["interview"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541616 | [
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hat had arisen in applying the coding scheme and reached consensus about any differences in interpretation. Before A.M. proceeded to code the remaining transcripts, we established that the guide could be applied with satisfactory inter-rater agreement (Kappa = 0.74). We report frequencies and percentages for the themes... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.366 | 0.854 | ["negotiation", "interview"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541681 | [
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of 32 NIH-funded investigators who described their career stage as very junior (16%), somewhat junior (25%), mid-career (41%), or senior (19%); 69% where male and 31% female. Their research included human (41%), animal (63%), bench (59%), and computational/statistical (28%) research; many investigators (66%) indicated ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.834 | ["career"] | 449 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541741 | [
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had a PhD degree and 31% had a MD and PhD degree. Approximately 41% were originally from an international location. Nearly all of the investigators reported having multiple ongoing collaborations at the institution and external to the institution. All but a small subgroup of the “very junior” investigators reported hav... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.476 | 0.86 | ["communication", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541805 | [
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Type of Research a Human 13 41% Animal 20 63% Bench 19 59% Computational/Statistical 9 28% Level of Experience Very Junior/Early Career 5 16% Somewhat Junior 8 25% Mid-Career 13 41% Senior 6 19% Type of Degree PhD only 22 69% MD/PhD both 10 31% Gender Male 22 69% Female 10 31% Nation of Origin U.S. 18 56% International... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.864 | ["career"] | 447 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541868 | [
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es; accordingly percentages equal more than 100%. PIs Spontaneously Reported That Leadership and Management Skills Are Essential Our first question was general before we probed more specifically about issues related to leadership and management. We began by asking investigators to describe what skills, in addition to s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 509 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541937 | [
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management skills emerged as the dominant theme. Nearly all investigators (97%) indicated one or more leadership or management skill. (The one investigator who did not mention a leadership or management skill was a member of the “very junior” group.) Table 2. Leadership and Management Skills Needed for Effective Resear... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.616 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "management", "communication"] | 510 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.541998 | [
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of wasn’t quite expecting when I started, but it is a pretty big responsibility ... that is a component in my career.” “Managing people, and every PI I’ve ever talked to, this is where we have no idea what we’re doing.” 18 56% Collaboration skills “You need to be able to negotiate and collaborate well with multiple peo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.391 | 0.882 | ["economy", "communication", "management", "negotiation", "career"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542063 | [
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skill that I definitely rely on.” 14 44% Interpersonal skills “Being able to communicate with people in my lab that are coming from all sorts of different diverse areas and backgrounds, both domestic and foreign researchers.” “Interact in a productive way with other people ... communicating with them ... and listening ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.525 | 0.874 | ["communication", "career", "interview", "salary", "diplomacy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542135 | [
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ow to budget a lab, I’ve never learned that, I sort of really have to learn on the fly.” 11 34% Intellectual qualities “Curiosity and perseverance are the most important things.” “Organization, logical thinking, reasoning, and perseverance, these are all important characteristics.” 10 31% Leadership skills “Being an ef... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "motivation", "philosophy"] | 477 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542199 | [
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itical for me that people who come to the lab ... demonstrate an innate ability to care about each other. Most of science is failure ... so you need people who will care for you.” 5 16% Mentoring skills “A PI is also a mentor, so we really need to train students in the science the right way. They’re not just coming to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.371 | 0.9 | [] | 508 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542258 | [
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was writing skills, which 12 (38%) PIs mentioned. The most common responses included management skills (56%). Investigators described needing to manage people in particular, but also projects. Next, investigators highlighted the importance of collaboration skills (44%), including being able to bring together multiple p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.836 | ["communication", "management", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542377 | [
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ility to interact well with people and communicate with them. A small sub-group of investigators (16%) specifically mentioned leadership skills, or activities related to leadership, such as motivating or inspiring people and creating a caring environment. Overall, investigators utilized “management” more commonly in th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.505 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "communication", "management"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542462 | [
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s developing the skills of others, teaching, supporting, or guiding. This is interesting considering that, of the terms used in scientific research, mentoring is more common than management or leadership. PIs Described Learning Necessary Skills through Trial-and-Error We asked researchers how they learned the skills th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.601 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542510 | [
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they learned to navigate management and leadership responsibilities “on-the-job” through “trial-and-error.” Investigators described a process of making mistakes and then trying something new, and they portrayed the learning process as occurring “on the fly,” through “osmosis,” through “trial by fire,” or by “playing it... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.574 | 0.848 | ["crisis", "leadership", "career", "education", "communication"] | 510 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542557 | [
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and-error “When you start your own lab it’s sort of the ultimate on the job training because before that you’re taught how to be a scientist, you’re not taught how to be a lab manager.” “I set up my own lab, and so there were a lot of mistakes made right away, but I think I always look back on myself and reflect on mys... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.862 | ["management", "crisis", "career"] | 425 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542606 | [
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” “Navigating that is totally by trial and error. I’m not even sure, I’m getting better, I’m probably better now over time, but you know, it needs constant refinement.” 22 73% Mentors or other models “I think I learned by observing my former advisor. I was very lucky to be a student and a post doc with two fantastic me... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.38 | 0.884 | ["crisis", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542652 | [
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12 40% Graduate or post-doctoral experience “I trained a grad student before, especially when I was a post-doc, so it’s not a total shock to me.” “I was very fortunate to be in a really large, well-funded lab in my post doc where I was allowed to do a fair amount of mentoring there.” 10 33% Natural ability “I’m a peopl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.89 | ["management"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542697 | [
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g resident teams or being a fellow and running a clinical team, kind of helped translate into how do you get everybody to work together towards a common goal.” “For the people aspect of it, the residency actually was really a great training ... it involved a lot of interaction with people.” 3 30% a Open in a new tab No... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.347 | 0.86 | ["management", "war_conflict"] | 434 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542742 | [
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efore, the denominator for this statistic was 10. Several PIs specifically noted the lack of formal training on these issues, and many emphasized the need to learn these skills earlier. Additionally, several described their lack of skills and the slow learning process as “haphazard and hazardous” and “high-stakes.” One... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.334 | 0.85 | ["career", "education", "philosophy"] | 483 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542800 | [
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hat you don’t ruin someone’s life in the process. It’s pretty high stakes to be learning on-the-job.” Many of the investigators specifically noted that their graduate or post-doctoral experience did not adequately prepare them; however, 33% reported that their graduate training or post-doctoral experience provided some... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.826 | ["education", "career"] | 430 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542849 | [
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ome of these skills from mentors or other models. However, a sub-set of these individuals reported learning practices to avoid by working with poor models. Finally, 30% of the researchers who were also physicians (those with MD/PhD degrees) mentioned that their medical residency assisted in learning skills necessary fo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.369 | 0.856 | ["education", "management", "career"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542893 | [
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n they started their careers to navigate issues in research that are not scientific in nature or to mentor trainees and manage staff. Most were forthcoming about lacking preparation. Overall, 50% felt that they were inadequately prepared, and 40% described being modestly prepared. Notably, just 10% stated that they wer... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.86 | ["career", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542940 | [
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noted that training for science is different than the skills needed for running a lab. A couple speculated that they might be further ahead in their careers if they had been better prepared. As illustrated in the following quotes, the PIs described the early stages of their careers, in particular, as challenging. One r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.415 | 0.872 | ["career", "management"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.542987 | [
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s that goes.” Another described the transition to running a lab as follows, “[It’s] shocking the dramatic transition that occurs, the type of responsibilities and time management from going from post-doc to running a lab ... you go from doing the work to managing the work and redefine what works means.” PIs Described K... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.852 | ["management", "leadership", "career"] | 465 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543034 | [
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management style at this point in their careers. With the exception of a couple “very junior” investigators, most PIs were able to articulate their approach to managing their labs. Overall, the themes included a constructive set of practices (shown in Table 4 ). Although most of the mid-career and senior PIs reported f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.842 | ["management", "career"] | 448 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543084 | [
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r continual refinement, feedback, and adjustment. Additionally, a couple noted that they recognized that they may need to change practices such as being rigid about deadlines, too “hands off,” or “micro-managing.” Table 4. Mentoring and Management Practices Illustrative Quotes # of times addressed % of researchers Fost... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.86 | ["communication", "management"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543134 | [
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e people in the lab to speak their mind, I listen to them, I consult with them on many, many things before I make a decision.” 13 41% Meet regularly “Meet with everybody on a regular basis, at least once a week, to have them update me with what’s going on.” “Review everybody’s work at least once a week pretty thoroughl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.892 | ["decision_making"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543198 | [
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vidual “I take time to get to know people, trying to understand their level of expertise, their strengths ... maybe gaps exist in their training ... I establish a relationship... then try to be attentive to different styles and different individual needs.” “I tend to adapt my management style to individual needs.” 10 3... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.394 | 0.874 | ["management", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543266 | [
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hey comment, but I try to give them opportunity to really shape their own research.” “I think on one hand, to be really close to my trainees and trying to understand what they are doing, advising them, and at the same time giving them significant freedom in what they are doing from day to day.” 9 28% Create positive en... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.53 | 0.86 | ["social_justice"] | 424 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543327 | [
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nt to make sure this is an environment I provide. I try very hard to make everybody comfortable and happy.” “Research is never going to be a very smooth process ... people in my lab deal with that very well For my part, you have to have patience ... we always stick together and try to find the solution for the problems... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.9 | [] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543389 | [
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the bar.” “We usually discuss what the projects for the week are, and what our goals are for when those projects are complete ... and how to adjust plans if things aren’t going according to the plan.” 8 25% Expect self-motivation “My expectation is you drive yourself You need to be self-driven.” “I expect people to be ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.379 | 0.87 | ["motivation"] | 462 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543455 | [
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lf-driven.” 5 16% Open in a new tab Note. N = 32. Of the themes reported, the top responses included fostering open communication (41%) and meeting regularly (38%). The underlying theme of these responses was problem-solving. Open communication and regular meetings allowed the lab to address problems immediately and mo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.331 | 0.706 | ["communication", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543519 | [
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g a balance between guiding people while also encouraging them to be independent. Additionally, one-third (31%) noted the importance of personalizing one’s management or mentoring style to individual needs. Other themes included creating a positive environment (28%) and setting clear deadlines (25%). PIs Welcomed a Pro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.406 | 0.832 | ["management", "leadership"] | 477 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543578 | [
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o assist them with lab leadership and management. Rather than asking them about their general interest, we contextualized this question by asking the PIs about their reactions to a specific hypothetical intervention—one that would be intensive in terms of the commitment required of a PI. We described a feedback and coa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.529 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management"] | 486 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543642 | [
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mbers of the lab and the PIs own self-assessment. Subsequently, PIs would receive aggregated results and coaching in areas of desired change in lab practices. After developing an initial plan for change, coaching would take place quarterly via telephone to assist PIs with following through on their plans. A majority of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.385 | 0.85 | [] | 453 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543701 | [
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response was missing due to running out of time). A small group (19%) was unsure about the proposed intervention or thought it could be potentially useful. Only 2 individuals (6%) stated that it was not a good idea, citing that it may be time-consuming or difficult to get anonymous feedback from members of the lab. Sev... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.372 | 0.856 | ["management", "crisis"] | 484 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543765 | [
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recognition of the importance of lab management. One researcher indicated, “I would welcome it. I would always like to improve my lab, improve the culture in the lab, and any advice or help that I can get from the outside I would welcome.” Our question prompted another researcher to note, “As I said, you’re not taught ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.848 | ["management"] | 426 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543829 | [
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ow.... I would be open to hearing about ideas ... I’d be flexible to change; it would be good to have feedback.” Finally, another investigator stated: If I look back ... and I look at the single thing that I’ve screwed up the most it would be management ... management and management practices, and execution. Anything t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.367 | 0.85 | ["management"] | 434 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543888 | [
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like, you know, particularly focused on science. Although what we proposed was intensive, several of the PIs stressed that they liked the tailored nature of the program, and that there is a need generally for leadership and management resources tailored to scientists. About half of those who supported the proposed prog... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.485 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.543952 | [
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g of interventions, noting that something like this might be most appropriate once one’s research team started to get particularly complicated. I would say I wouldn’t have felt much value for it maybe five years ago. It’s kind of at a point where there’s enough going on in a lab where it starts to get complicated perso... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.356 | 0.872 | ["management"] | 480 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544017 | [
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y find value in it, but at this point I would.... You don’t even know what your issues are going to be until you’re kind of in the middle of it. Discussion Our interviews with NIH-funded genetic researchers revealed that researchers consider leadership and management essential for performing research effectively. Howev... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.437 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "interview", "philosophy"] | 495 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544082 | [
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areers based solely on their scientific training. They emphasized that they learned the necessary leadership and management skills on-the-job through trial-and-error. Notably, the traditional means employed to impart scientists with requisite knowledge and skills—namely mentoring and graduate training—did not appear to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.81 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "crisis", "career"] | 425 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544147 | [
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ip and management activities central to research. Certainly, scientific training affords trainees with problem-solving skills that may facilitate acquiring such expertise through experience ( K. Barker, 2010 ), but this study reinforces the proposal that the scientific community must better prepare scientists to naviga... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.414 | 0.844 | ["management", "career", "resume", "education"] | 470 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544209 | [
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; Leiserson & McVinney, 2015 ; Seeliger, 2012 ). The present effort provides some recommendations for how to approach such an effort. However, we need additional research on approaches for developing scientists’ leadership and management skills and basic research on leadership and management in research. Best Practices... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "resume"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544278 | [
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tices that one employs and to refine these practices continually across one’s career. Elemental to this effort is openness to feedback from lab members and advice from peers and colleagues. Additionally, one must be mindful of the outcomes of different approaches to coordinating and monitoring the work of research team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.427 | 0.836 | ["communication", "management", "career"] | 473 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544344 | [
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o serve the interest of troubleshooting problems. It is also important to be attentive to the individual needs of those whom one manages or mentors, and to balance providing appropriate guidance while also allowing independence. Finally, it is prudent to gauge and monitor the workgroup climate or culture within a lab, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.378 | 0.854 | ["ethics", "innovation", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544408 | [
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ose early in their careers, should seek out available resources and training opportunities. Finally, it is important for researchers to be mindful that their behaviors and practices as lab directors and research mentors have a lasting impact on those within their labs. These points imply broader practical recommendatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "career"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544473 | [
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management resources and training opportunities tailored to scientists. Institutional leaders should assess whether such a need exists in their organizations. Additionally, if extant resources and programs are available, leaders should ensure that they are sufficiently advertised, particularly when onboarding new inves... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.439 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544546 | [
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nior scientists, but support from administrative officials may also influence the broader institutional culture. Finally, institutions should assess the outcomes of such programs and share their findings with others in the scientific community. Educational Implications Of course, a major issue moving forward is what sh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.44 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544617 | [
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nt and education exist in the organizational psychology and business disciplines ( Day, Fleenor, Atwater, Sturm, & McKee, 2014 ; DeRue & Myers, 2014 ; Doh, 2003 ; Snook, Nohria, & Khurana, 2011 ), which may provide best practices to guide future work. However, it is unclear which techniques and topics translate to the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.406 | 0.71 | ["education"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544685 | [
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entions ( Antes & Schuelke, 2011 ; Arthur, Bennett, Edens, & Bell, 2003 ; Riggio, 2008 ). In addition to traditional training models, we should also explore other potentially viable developmental techniques, such as providing investigators feedback from lab climate surveys and coaching ( Ely et al., 2010 ; Feldman & La... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.86 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544748 | [
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be necessary to assess training and developmental interventions (and such measures would facilitate research efforts as well). Furthermore, future discussion about leadership and management training and development for investigators should also consider educational practices in undergraduate and graduate education in t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.555 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544812 | [
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content, existing evidence suggests that social judgment and interpersonal skills, in addition to problem-solving skills and technical expertise, underlie leadership in professional settings. Such competencies include the ability to build and maintain relationships, present oneself well, communicate effectively, build ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.686 | ["leadership", "communication", "management", "decision_making", "networking"] | 465 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544880 | [
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; M. Mumford, Zaccaro, Harding, & Jacobs, 2000 ). Indeed, the PIs in our interviews emphasized the importance of these skills, and they appear to be emphasized in existing, albeit limited, leadership training programs offered for scientists ( Laursen, 2014 ). Coupled with scientists’ existing problem-solving skills and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.398 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "ethics", "interview"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.544945 | [
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an open, innovative, high-integrity work environment, engaging others in participatory decision-making, and effectively distributing leadership among lab members or research team members ( Salazar, Lant, Fiore, & Salas, 2012 ). However, to be effective and credible, leadership development programs, particularly those f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.526 | 0.816 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "ethics"] | 425 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.545016 | [
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t be grounded in research ( Riggio & Lee, 2007 ). Additionally, business skills, such as planning, budgeting, staffing, monitoring progress, and setting priorities, are imperative ( Hogan & Kaiser, 2005 ; T. Mumford, Campion, & Morgeson, 2007 ). Indeed, the investigators we interviewed raised this point. Such skills as... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.443 | 0.834 | ["strategy", "interview"] | 446 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.545082 | [
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ct timelines and milestones, and overseeing work. In designing training and development interventions, it may also be necessary to consider the relative priority of different competencies at different stages in a scientist’s career ( M. Mumford, Marks, Connelly, Zaccaro, & Reiter-Palmon, 2000 ). Additionally, developme... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.407 | 0.846 | ["career"] | 512 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.545142 | [
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esearch Council, 2015b ), including how investigators simultaneously manage multiple projects in multiple stages. Moreover, the skills investigators need may also vary depending on the level of support provided by institutions such as support in budget development and management. Another model for training and developm... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5182150/ | Are Leadership and Management Essential for Good Research? An Interview Study of Genetic Researchers - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.854 | ["management", "leadership", "career"] | 510 | Change Management Leadership | topic | 2026-03-30T00:11:31.545207 | [
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0.01... |
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