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RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.05 (0.04, 0.06), SRMR = 0.03. The mean scores of 18 QEWB items were used to represent the identity commitment quality. The Cronbach’s alpha of the 18 item Chinese version of the QEWB was 0.81. 2.2.3. SWB Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) [ 49 ] and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.35 | 0.706 | [] | 437 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.332745 | [
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he quality of identity commitment with direct path from both dimensions of moral identity to SWB constrained to zero (Model 2). The partial mediation model posited the indirect effect of both components of moral identity (internalization and symbolization) on SWB through quality of identity commitment including the dir... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.876 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333097 | [
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e identity commitment) would have greater eudaimonic functioning, especially in discovering and recognizing their daimon or true self through personal salient identity-related activities. Thus, as one of the most important personal identities, the commitment of moral identity can bring eudaimonic function, which would ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.834 | ["ethics"] | 473 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333285 | [
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Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2021 Sep 17;18(18):9795. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189795 Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality Peng Cui Peng Cui 1 Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; cuip@zju.edu.cn 2 School of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.844 | ["education", "ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333437 | [
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i Mao 1 Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; cuip@zju.edu.cn 3 Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China Find articles by Yanhui Mao 1, 3, * , Yufan Shen Yufan Shen 2 School ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.846 | ["education"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333577 | [
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anhong Ma 1 Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; cuip@zju.edu.cn Find articles by Jianhong Ma 1, * Editor: Paul B Tchounwou Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, Ha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.505 | 0.83 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333710 | [
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3 Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China * Correspondence: yanhui.mao@swjtu.edu.cn (Y.M.); jhma@zju.edu.cn (J.M.) Roles Paul B Tchounwou : Academic Editor Received 2021 Jul 17; Accepted 2021 Sep 14; Collection date 2021 Sep. © ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.69 | ["innovation", "education"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.333897 | [
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Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC8465947 PMID: 34574719 Abstract Moral identity is associated with people’s subjective well-being; however, little is known about how an individual with moral identity relates to one’s subjective well-being. Base... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.832 | ["ethics", "innovation", "education"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334029 | [
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ntity (two dimensions: internalization and symbolization) and subjective well-being. We examined our hypotheses in 419 college students, who completed the Self-importance of Moral Identity Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, and Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.826 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334122 | [
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lso suggested that both the internalization and symbolization dimensions of moral identity predicted subjective well-being through identity commitment quality, and identity commitment quality fully mediated the pathway relationship between moral identity and subjective well-being. We discussed these findings with respe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.556 | 0.82 | ["ethics", "networking"] | 504 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334218 | [
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itment quality, internalization, symbolization 1. Introduction In the past decade, empirical research on happiness and well-being has grown enormously [ 1 ]. Morality is believed to be strongly associated with happiness [ 2 ]; even young children believe that a moral person would be happier [ 3 ]. Empirical evidence on... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.393 | 0.87 | ["ethics", "family"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334310 | [
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moral behavior can bring us happiness (for a review, see [ 6 ]). At present, the well-being of adolescents is a topic of concern in various fields [ 7 , 8 ]. The development of adolescents’ identity, especially the integration of moral identity and self-identity, is a direction worthy of researchers’ attention. However... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.372 | 0.856 | ["ethics", "philosophy"] | 508 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334397 | [
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ormation in late adolescence and early adulthood. In personal and moral development, an important task is to form an integrated moral identity, because morality and identity are two facets of the same development system that are unified in late adolescence [ 9 ]. Therefore, identity formation may play a critical role i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.856 | ["ethics", "philosophy"] | 510 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334506 | [
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ty-is linked to human well-being remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to fill this gap and focus on the relation between moral identity and subjective well-being (SWB) by exploring a possible mechanism between people’s moral identity and their SWB, taking into consideration identity commitment quality as... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.85 | ["ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334592 | [
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cence or early adulthood would promote their SWB. Our work intended to expand existing research on the relation between identity formation and psychosocial benefit, which has mainly considered the effect of specific identities [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, whether such relations can be applied to moral identity remains un... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.419 | 0.85 | ["ethics", "networking", "philosophy"] | 460 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334676 | [
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is crucial for living a purposeful life, thus contributing to one’s well-being [ 10 ]. Generally, moral identity is thought to signify the importance or salience of morality in one’s identity [ 11 ]. The more a person’s moral identity is central to their sense of true self, the bigger the role it plays in behavior and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.456 | 0.878 | ["ethics"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334757 | [
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identity that is salient to one’s self-concept [ 12 , 13 ]. The moral identity model has two sub-dimensions: internalization and symbolization. The former refers to the extent to which moral self-schema is experienced as being central to one’s self-definition, whereas the latter refers to the extent to which the moral ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.838 | ["ethics", "philosophy"] | 444 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334838 | [
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ch as engaging in self-salient activities [ 12 ]. Research in the identity development domain has confirmed the positive association between identity achievement and different kinds of happiness measures [ 14 ]. Individuals with a more mature sense of identity have better mental health and psychological well-being [ 15... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.331 | 0.858 | ["salary"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.334924 | [
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relative importance of identity content on which one’s identity is based. A recent study found that identity commitment and in-depth exploration significantly predicts well-being in many identity domains [ 16 ]; however, this research failed to include moral identity. Given that human morality is much more essential to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.842 | ["ethics", "communication", "networking", "education", "rhetoric"] | 471 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335007 | [
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lationship between moral identity and well-being. A few recent studies have investigated the important role of moral identity in predicting human well-being [ 4 , 18 , 19 ]. For instance, Garcia et al. [ 4 ] found that moral identity is associated with meaning, engagement and identification with others, acceptance of o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.872 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335089 | [
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ntal health and meaning, demonstrating that identity maturity interacting with moral identity predicts mental health and life meaning. Moreover, moral identity can predict eudaimonia in youth footballers, especially when their social affiliations are low [ 19 ]. Taken together, these studies have either focused only on... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.553 | 0.854 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335189 | [
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fact that the symbolization dimension of moral identity may also play an important role in promoting well-being. Meanwhile, studies have found that moral identity can guide people to experience SWB through prosocial behaviors, such as volunteering and charity donation. In other words, engaging in prosocial behaviors ha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.856 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335271 | [
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and an individual difference variable related to prosocial behavior. Individuals with a strong moral identity are more likely to volunteer in the community, donate food to help the needy [ 12 ], give money to a charity that benefits an out-group [ 21 ], and make prosocial business decisions [ 13 ]. A recent meta-analys... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.84 | ["ethics", "decision_making", "salary"] | 422 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335374 | [
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antly associated with prosocial behaviors [ 22 ]. Individuals with a strong moral identity consider being helpful to others important, behave in a prosocial manner out of autonomy motivation, and experience positive affect association with such action [ 23 ]. A recent representative cross-sectional study in 166 countri... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.836 | ["motivation", "ethics", "education"] | 448 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335479 | [
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t, one of the important components of SWB [ 24 ]. Thus, ‘‘doing good’’ may be an important avenue by which people create meaningful and satisfying lives, and moral identity can be considered a promising variable in predicting SWB. Moral identity not only leads to SWB through prosocial behavior, but is also positively a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.846 | ["ethics"] | 446 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335570 | [
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affect (for a recent meta-analysis, see [ 25 ]). People with higher levels of moral identity internalization have higher levels of sympathy and moral reasoning [ 12 ], and have heightened moral elevation, such as positive emotions, positive views of humanity, and the desire to be a better person [ 26 ]. Thus, moral ide... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.471 | 0.868 | ["ethics", "communication", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335664 | [
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ed to SWB needs further exploration, given that moral identity promoting SWB has only been considered under specific contexts and specific activity experiences in the life span of typical individuals. Considering this research gap, we tested the associations between moral identity and subjective well-being drawing on e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.7 | ["ethics", "communication", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335748 | [
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nt effect on psychosocial benefits other than identity commitment. However, identity formation does not end in adolescence, but continues into adulthood [ 37 ]. In late adolescence or early adulthood, moral identity development and self-development undergo integration, and the formation of identity commitment, as well ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.354 | 0.816 | ["philosophy", "ethics", "salary"] | 411 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335860 | [
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tity and SWB is a novel effort in this area. 1.2. The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality Extensive research in the field of identity has provided substantial evidence of a positive relation between identity formation and well-being. This trend of work inherits Ericson’s classical theory of identity developme... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.832 | ["philosophy", "communication", "rhetoric"] | 442 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.335943 | [
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hich individuals form personal identities [ 32 ]. Traditional identity research has fixated on the relationship between identity commitment, exploration, and psychosocial functioning, and a consistent finding of these studies is that status, characterized by identity commitment, is generally associated with higher leve... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.826 | ["communication", "networking", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 454 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336026 | [
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elated with different kinds of well-being [ 14 ]. Individuals who have established identity commitments are more likely to report feelings of personal expressiveness, which is a core concept of eudaimonia [ 34 ]. In other words, involvement in identity-related and personal expressive activities is associated with more ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.846 | [] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336113 | [
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y bring SWB, and the commitment must be consistent with one’s daimon or true self to have a eudaimonic function [ 27 , 28 ]. In late adolescence and early adulthood, the development of moral identity and the integration of moral identity and self-identity can greatly promote the improvement of eudaimonic functioning [ ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.846 | ["ethics"] | 430 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336195 | [
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commitment quality in prior research [ 35 , 36 ]. In addition to identity formation and identity content, differences in the quality of identity selection related to adjustment and psychosocial functioning may play a major role in SWB. Soenens et al. [ 35 ] examined the role of commitment quality in terms of autonomous... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.397 | 0.83 | ["motivation", "agents", "philosophy"] | 418 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336293 | [
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ty commitment based on self-determination theory. A main finding is that, even after controlling for identity commitment, autonomy motivation is still positively associated with adjustment, whereas controlled motivation is negatively related to adjustment, and the quality of identity motivation partially mediates the l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.349 | 0.812 | ["motivation"] | 420 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336421 | [
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upon eudaimonic identity theory, Waterman et al. [ 36 ] investigated the quality of identity commitment and found that commitment quality accounts almost entirely for the association of identity commitments with psychosocial functioning. In other words, for people who have low levels of identity commitment, identity co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.443 | 0.85 | ["salary"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336551 | [
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enhance SWB by promoting eudaimonic functioning. However, none of the existing studies have addressed the important relationship between identity commitment quality, moral identity, and SWB. Based on eudaimonic identity theory, living in truth to one’s true self gives rise to eudaimonia, which certainly leads to SWB [ ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.374 | 0.852 | ["ethics", "philosophy", "communication", "networking"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336669 | [
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, and then to improvement in positive subjective experience. Notably, eudaimonia is not an innate structure but one that requires active development. College students face the process of identity development and integration as they will gradually form their moral identity. One’s defined moral identity captures the impo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.834 | ["ethics", "philosophy"] | 490 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336768 | [
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tment reflects optimal psychological functioning. Therefore, in addition to moral identity commitment, the quality of identity commitment plays a more critical role in the subjective experience and cognitive evaluation of happiness. When moral identity commitment is consistent with personal expressiveness, it can promo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.418 | 0.848 | ["ethics", "education"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336867 | [
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ity and SWB, but also the mediating role of identity commitment quality in order to examine the underlying mechanism between moral identity and SWB. We assumed that both the self-importance of moral identity and identity commitment quality contribute to SWB, whereas the self-importance of moral identity would predict S... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.529 | 0.85 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.336958 | [
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rding to the social cognitive perspective of moral identity, moral identity usually contains two dimensions: internalization and symbolization [ 12 , 13 ]. The two-dimensional concept of moral identity corresponds to many concepts in social psychology, such as the “having” side and “doing” side of the moral self [ 38 ]... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.394 | 0.86 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337039 | [
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al, internalization, in comparison to symbolization, is generally believed to have more robust effects [ 40 ]. However, many studies on the consequences of moral identity focus only on the internalization dimension of moral identity, especially the existing research on the relationship between moral identity and well-b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.852 | ["ethics", "communication", "management", "networking"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337134 | [
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ation of “having” a moral identity, some studies have pointed to a unique role for symbolization [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. When prosocial behavior is expected to be recognized, symbolization will show a stronger positive relation with such behavior for people who report low (compared with high) internalization [ 42 ]. Symboliz... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.838 | ["ethics"] | 417 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337224 | [
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giving, whereas internalization does not [ 40 ]. Symbolization is a better predictor of public and private prosocial behavior than internalization [ 41 ]. These previous results illustrate that symbolization reflects the degree to which an individual’s moral identity is expressed through action. Engagement in meaningfu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.369 | 0.854 | ["ethics"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337318 | [
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well-being, research should examine both internalization and symbolization dimensions. A correlational study of moral identity and well-being has found that symbolization is a stronger predictor of positive well-being than internalization [ 5 ], but the different mechanisms of internalization, symbolization, and well-b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.846 | ["ethics", "education", "networking"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337400 | [
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study has examined whether the two dimensions of moral identity predict SWB through identity commitment quality. The current study, therefore, examined the role of two dimensions of moral identity—internalization and symbolization on SWB through the mediation effect of identity commitment quality. 1.4. Present Study In... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.846 | ["education", "ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337482 | [
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internalization and symbolization) and SWB among late adolescent students. The expected relationships among the study variables are shown in Figure 1 . Figure 1. Open in a new tab The assumed mediation model. Based on the literature reviewed above, five specific hypotheses were proposed, as follows: Hypothesis 1a: The ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.546 | 0.836 | ["ethics", "networking", "education"] | 462 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337581 | [
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on dimension of moral identity would predict SWB. Hypothesis 2: The quality of identity commitment would predict SWB. Hypothesis 3a: The quality of identity commitment would mediate the link between the internalization dimension of moral identity and SWB. Hypothesis 3b: The quality of identity commitment would mediate ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.552 | 0.674 | ["ethics"] | 421 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337672 | [
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l identity and SWB. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Participants and Procedure A total of 463 college students in central China participated in the current research, of which 44 participants were excluded because they did not pass the attention check. Therefore, this yielded a final sample of 419 participants (M age = 19... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.38 | 0.716 | [] | 464 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337800 | [
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7) and 93 males (22.2%, M age = 19.3, SD = 0.93). The study protocol was approved by the first author’s university. The participants were recruited primarily from a psychology course at a normal university. None of the participants was majoring in psychology, but all of them had taken an introductory psychology course,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.497 | 0.696 | ["education"] | 434 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.337918 | [
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This study used an online survey to collect data. Participants scanned the QR code provided by researchers, and they were required to provide informed consent before formally answering the online questionnaire, which included scales such as moral identity, identity commitment quality, positive and negative experience, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.366 | 0.688 | ["philosophy", "ethics", "education"] | 484 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338033 | [
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vey if they wished to do so. 2.2. Measures 2.2.1. Moral Identity Moral identity was measured by the Self-importance of Moral Identity Questionnaire (SMIQ) [ 12 ]. This instrument contains two dimensions: internalization and symbolization. The first dimension reflects the degree to which moral traits are reflected in th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.556 | 0.712 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338146 | [
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ree to which these moral traits manifest in the person’s choices and actions (sample item: “The types of things I do in my spare time (e.g., hobbies) clearly identify me as having these characteristics.”). The measure presented participants with a list of nine characteristics that might describe a moral person (i.e., c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.688 | ["ethics", "decision_making"] | 440 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338261 | [
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ine a moral person who had these characteristics. Afterward, they were asked to indicate their opinions on a ten item, 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” and 5 = “strongly agree”). The SMIQ exhibited good psychometric characteristics in Chinese context [ 44 ]. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of inter... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.558 | 0.7 | ["ethics", "war_conflict", "family"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338352 | [
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aimonic Well-Being (QEWB) was used to assess participants’ identity commitment quality [ 45 ]. QEWB has been used as the indicator of quality of identity commitment in previous research [ 36 ]. Since there was no Chinese version of the QEWB until the time of our study, we used the back translation procedure to form a C... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.872 | ["crisis", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338435 | [
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but subsequent factor analysis had difficulty in verifying this single dimensional structure without parceling items [ 46 ]. Recent studies have proved that there is a general factor for QEWB by using the bifactor method [ 47 , 48 ]. Therefore, in this study, we adopted the bifactor-ESEM method to verify the existence ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.325 | 0.882 | ["crisis", "education"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338533 | [
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, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.94, TLI= 0.90, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.05 (0.05, 0.06), SRMR = 0.06. After checking the correlation between each item and the general factor, it was found that three items (item 7, item 10, and item 17) were not significantly correlated with the general factor. After deleting these three items, it was f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.734 | [] | 478 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338625 | [
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t, negative affect, and life satisfaction [ 51 ]. SPANE includes the general items of feelings, such as “positive” and “negative”, so it can reflect more general states such as interest, flow and engagement, and physical pleasure [ 52 ]. SPANE contains 12 items, with six items tapping into positive experience, and six ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.852 | [] | 466 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338712 | [
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-scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (always). The Chinese version of SPANE has indicated good reliability and validity [ 53 ]. The five-item SWLS was used to assesses global life satisfaction [ 50 ]. The scale has shown good reliability and validity in Chinese culture [ 54 ]. A sample item is “I am satisfied with m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.536 | 0.85 | ["negotiation"] | 421 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338820 | [
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or “strongly disagree” to 7 for “strongly agree”. In our sample, the Cronbach’s alpha of positive experience (α = 0.85), negative experience (α = 0.83), and life satisfaction (α = 0.87) was respectively good. According to the suggestions of previous studies [ 55 ], SWB was used as a latent variable reflecting three obs... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.365 | 0.698 | ["strategy"] | 471 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.338922 | [
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gy Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.3. The correlations between all study variables were performed within SPSS. In the main analysis, our hypothetical model was assessed via the structural equation model (SEM) with latent variables using Mplus. The two-step procedure [ 56 ] was followed to examine the mediat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.558 | 0.83 | ["ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 414 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339019 | [
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ween two subdimensions of moral identity and SWB. First, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the measurement model was conducted to estimate the extent to which each latent variable was represented by its indicators. To control for the inflated measurement errors caused by multiple items, we created two parcels for... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.568 | 0.83 | ["ethics"] | 431 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339100 | [
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e parcels for the quality of identity commitment. SWB were represented by three components: positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction [ 55 ]. Second, the structural model was examined under the premise that the measurement model was satisfactory. The maximum likelihood method (ML) was used as the estimati... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.832 | [] | 428 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339172 | [
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to test the significance of the mediation effect. To evaluate the overall fit of the model to the data, several indices were calculated in the current study: RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation), CFI (comparative fit index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis index), and SRMR (standardized root mean square residual). The Chi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.858 | ["ethics", "education"] | 495 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339275 | [
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e fit, while values over 0.95 indicated good fit. For the values of RMSEA and SRMR, which were close to 0.05, indicated an excellent fit, while between 0.05 and 0.08 indicated an acceptable fit [ 57 ]. 3. Results 3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Zero-Order Correlation Table 1 provides descriptive statistics and zero-ord... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.339 | 0.69 | ["ethics", "education"] | 453 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339366 | [
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nt positive correlations among all the variables. Specifically, both two sub-dimensions of moral identity (internalization and symbolization), positively related to quality of identity commitment and SWB. The quality of identity commitment was significantly associated with SWB. Table 2 presents the gender descriptive s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.384 | 0.846 | ["ethics", "education"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339448 | [
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y of the variables, so gender was excluded from subsequent analyses. Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations between study variables. M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Int 4.25 0.52 - 2. Sym 3.41 0.52 0.41 *** - 3. QIC 3.73 0.42 0.34 *** 0.25 *** - 4. LS 4.28 1.03 0.13 ** 0.19 *** 0.40 *** - 5. PE 3.80 0.55 0.24 ** 0.26 *... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.488 | 0.678 | ["education"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339530 | [
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84 *** −0.75 *** - Open in a new tab Note: Int = Internalization of Moral Identity, Sym = Symbolization of Moral Identity, QIC = Quality of identity commitment. LS = Life satisfaction, PE = Positive Experience, NE = Negative Experience, SWB = Z LS + Z PE − Z NE . ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Table 2. Independent sample ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.736 | ["ethics"] | 472 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339611 | [
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0.76 2. Sym 3.38 (0.50) 3.42 (0.53) 0.64 0.52 3. QIC 3.72 (0.44) 3.74 (0.46) 0.27 0.78 4. LS 4.26 (1.12) 4.29 (1.01) 0.28 0.78 5. PE 3.80 (0.58) 3.80 (0.54) −0.08 0.94 6. NE 2.09 (0.55) 2.20 (0.57) 1.56 0.12 7. SWB 0.11 (2.43) −0.05 (2.33) −0.58 0.56 Open in a new tab Note: Variable names are the same as above. 3.2. Me... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.726 | [] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339686 | [
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es (internalization, symbolization, quality of identity commitment, and SWB) with ten observed indicators. The results of CFA analysis revealed a good level of model adjustment: χ 2 = 75.67, df = 29, p < 0.01, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.06 (0.05, 0.08). 3.3. Structural Model The assumed med... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.71 | ["ethics"] | 494 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339766 | [
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ied by the structural equation modeling approach. The goodness-of-fit indices for the following two models were compared: (1) the partial mediation model between moral identity and SWB through quality of identity commitment with direct paths from both dimension of moral identity (internalization and symbolization) to S... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.557 | 0.698 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339847 | [
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< 0.01, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.06 (0.04, 0.08). However, after a thorough analysis of the estimated parameters, it was found that the direct path from the two moral identity dimensions to SWB did not reach a statistically significant level: from internalization to SWB ( β = −0.01, p = 0... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.422 | 0.722 | ["ethics"] | 482 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.339928 | [
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lization may not be directly associated with SWB. Next, the full mediation model (Model 2) was tested with SEM. The resulting parameters indicated that the full mediation model also fit the data well: χ 2 = 76.61, df = 31, p < 0.01, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA (95% CI) = 0.06 (0.04, 0.08). According to t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.328 | 0.7 | [] | 413 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340000 | [
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pathways reached significant levels ( p < 0.05). When comparing the Model 2 with the Model 1 (Δχ 2 = 3.20, Δ df = 2, p = 0.10), the result showed that the differences between these two models was not significant, and both models fit the data well. Based on the principle of parsimony, Model 2 constituted the first choic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.545 | 0.882 | ["decision_making", "ethics"] | 502 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340096 | [
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e 2. Open in a new tab The final mediation model. Note: Factor loadings are standardized. Int1 and Int2 are two parcels of internalization; Sym1 and Sym2 are two parcels of symbolization; QIC1, QIC2 and QIC3 are three parcels of quality of identity commitment; All the path coefficients are significant at the 0.05 level... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.509 | 0.854 | [] | 469 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340184 | [
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he indirect effects, which are shown in Table 3 . As zero is not included within the 95% confidence intervals for both internalization (95% CI = [0.06, 0.32]) and symbolization (95% CI = [0.01, 0.30]), significant indirect effects were obtained; these results indicated internalization and symbolization, respectively, p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.567 | 0.854 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340281 | [
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its a more crucial role via indirect effect comparison analysis, as the confidence interval of the difference between the two indirect effects (95% CI = [−0.46, 0.41]) contains zero, this result showed that there was no significant difference between internalization and symbolization. According to these results, both d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.84 | ["ethics"] | 485 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340370 | [
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tandardized effects and 95% confidence intervals. Model Pathways Estimate SE Bias Corrected Bootstrap 95%CI Est./SE p Lower Upper Int→QIC→SWB 0.19 0.07 0.06 0.32 2.81 <0.001 Sym→QIC→SWB 0.16 0.08 0.01 0.32 2.05 <0.05 Int→QIC 0.27 0.10 0.08 0.46 2.82 <0.001 Sym→QIC 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.45 2.12 <0.05 QIC→SWB 0.70 0.05 0.60 0... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.421 | 0.714 | ["ethics"] | 510 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340451 | [
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ntity Commitment, SWB = Subjective Well-being. 4. Discussion This study aimed to examine the relation between the two dimensions of moral identity and SWB. Based on eudaimonic identity theory, the present work also investigated the underlying mechanism between this relationship by testing the mediating role of quality ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.551 | 0.844 | ["ethics", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340540 | [
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positively and significantly correlated with SWB. The two sub-dimensions of moral identity were both independently linked to SWB through the mediation of identity comment quality. Our first hypothesis (H1a, H1b) assumed that both internalization and symbolization of moral identity would predict SWB. Our findings reveal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.381 | 0.84 | ["ethics", "networking"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340631 | [
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fully mediated by the quality of identity commitment. These results suggested that the relationship between morality and happiness might not be directly related, and that the promotion of morality to happiness mainly originated from the improvement of eudaimonic functioning. Nevertheless, the positive correlation betwe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.377 | 0.846 | ["ethics", "networking", "philosophy"] | 484 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340722 | [
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tter health and well-being in adolescence [ 58 ]. Identity achievers, or those who have formed their identity, have more healthy and positive psychosocial functioning compared with people who have diffusion identity [ 14 , 15 ]. As identity studies have concentrated on identity status and neglected important identity c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.533 | 0.862 | ["ethics", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340804 | [
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oring the role of moral identity-an important personal identity-in predicting SWB in late adolescent or early adulthood, filled this gap. In this study, contrary to our expectations, the direct effects of moral identity and subjective well-being did not reach significant levels. Although many studies have showed that m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.37 | 0.858 | ["ethics", "education"] | 486 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340885 | [
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ity and happiness might not be so closely linked. The following reasons could help explain this. First, SWB is a general and context-free feeling and evaluation of life experience [ 59 ]. The self-importance of moral identity is more closely related to eudaimonic well-being in positive psychology, which is a much broad... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.325 | 0.866 | ["ethics", "communication", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.340972 | [
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, but rather satisfy people’s basic psychological needs by compelling people to do things well, which would lead them to feel well. Moral identity provides such a eudaimonic motive. In our research, the relation between moral identity and SWB was almost indirect when the identity commitment quality was entered, as the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.56 | 0.834 | ["ethics"] | 442 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341057 | [
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urther exploration based on distinct theoretical support. In this study, we focused on the mechanism of eudaimonic functioning, which was operationalized as identity commitment quality. However, the findings supported the folk concept that people who are moral tend to be happier [ 2 ], and people with higher moral iden... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.371 | 0.858 | ["ethics", "communication", "education", "rhetoric"] | 510 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341153 | [
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tant for promoting the well-being of adolescents. The hypothesis (H2) that identity commitment quality would be positively correlated with SWB was confirmed. This result was consistent with previous research on identity commitment motivation [ 35 ] and identity commitment quality [ 36 ]. As suggested by Waterman and co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.355 | 0.848 | ["motivation"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341233 | [
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commitment is associated with psychological costs. Our findings extended the research on identity commitment quality and well-being by specifically examining the SWB of moral people. Both the self-importance of moral identity, which can be interpreted as moral identity commitment, and the quality of identity commitment... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.378 | 0.848 | ["ethics"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341313 | [
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commitment, rather than the presence of commitment, predicts positive psychosocial functioning [ 36 ]. Thus, the happiness of a moral person may derive from the quality of their moral commitment. The main goal of our study was to examine the mediating effect of identity commitment quality on the relation between moral ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.848 | ["ethics", "education"] | 447 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341398 | [
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EWB [ 45 ] to assess identity commitment quality. The present results suggested that the relationship between moral identity and SWB was fully mediated by identity commitment quality, suggesting that the importance of identity commitment quality was the main way to link moral identity with positive psychological subjec... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.564 | 0.846 | ["ethics", "education", "networking"] | 474 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341478 | [
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ommitment quality between moral identity and SWB. Our findings were consistent with existing research on the importance of identity commitment quality [ 35 , 36 ]. According to eudaimonic identity theory [ 27 , 28 ], personally expressive identity is experienced as reflecting one’s “true self”, an experience that is li... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.474 | 0.856 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341559 | [
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entity -moral identity -to SWB could be achieved through the quality of identity commitment, as an expression of the individual’s true self. The quality of moral identity commitment is mainly reflected in the fact that it expresses the participants’ purpose and meaning in life as personal expressiveness. This result wa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.852 | ["ethics"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341678 | [
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tion, symbolization) and SWB was not significant. This pattern of outcomes was largely congruent with prior findings on the link between moral identity and happiness through prosocial behavior [ 24 ] and on the significant association between moral identity and prosocial behavior [ 22 ]. That is, doing a good deed may ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.363 | 0.842 | ["ethics"] | 435 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341779 | [
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congruence with an individual’s identity [ 61 ]. Thus, as moral identity can provide the motivation for moral behavior and contribute to SWB [ 62 ], it can be seen as a eudaimonic motive for doing well. This integration of motivation and identity promotes happiness. In summary, these results suggested that high-quality... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.85 | ["motivation", "ethics"] | 504 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341874 | [
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ects of internalization and symbolization on SWB. Although the definition of moral identity contains two conceptual components, namely, internalization and symbolization [ 12 ], corresponding to the “having” and “doing” aspects of people’s moral self [ 38 ], the existing literature on moral identity and well-being has ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.443 | 0.848 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.341975 | [
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on play an important role in promoting SWB, and both dimensions have an indirect effect on SWB through the mediation of quality of identity commitment. Although some studies have expounded that symbolization has a greater impact on behavior [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] and well-being [ 5 ] compared with internalization, our study ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.696 | ["education"] | 442 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342071 | [
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und no difference in the effects between the two. In terms of the mechanism by which moral identity leads to SWB, our research finds that both internalization and symbolization act through identity commitment quality. In conclusion, based on eudaimonic identity theory, the present study shed light on the importance of ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.391 | 0.85 | ["ethics", "education"] | 498 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342166 | [
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ral identity, identity commitment, and one’s SWB. Second, the present study was the first to examine the underlying mechanism of identity commitment quality in mediating the relationship between moral identity and SWB. Third, this study supplemented the lack of attention paid to symbolization of moral identity in resea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.846 | ["ethics", "education", "networking"] | 501 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342248 | [
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ugh the mediation of identity commitment quality. Limitations and Recommendations for Future Studies This study has several limits that warrant notice. First, the cross-sectional nature of our study could only indicate correlation, as the data were gathered from one-time self-report tools. As such, causal conclusions c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.846 | ["education", "ethics", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 511 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342325 | [
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ity) or adopting longitudinal data to explore the relationship between moral identity and well-being. Second, findings yielded from the college students’ sample may pose threat on the generalizability of our findings. For example, the sample has a gender imbalance, with significantly more women than men, although studi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.844 | ["ethics", "networking"] | 479 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342385 | [
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did not prevent us from drawing our conclusions. Third, regarding the relation between identity formation and SWB, we only focused on the role of self-importance of moral identity, and did not measure specific indicators of identity formation. This is because our participants were college students in late adolescence. ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8465947/ | Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.471 | 0.85 | ["philosophy", "ethics"] | 508 | Integrity Ethical Leadership | topic | 2026-04-14T14:48:53.342445 | [
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Integrity Ethical Leadership — Theory
This corpus was automatically generated by the Deku Corpus Builder for use in RAG-based AI applications.
Dataset Structure
Each record contains:
text: The content textsource_url: Original source URLsource_title: Title of the source documentsource_domain: Domain of the sourcelicense_type: License classification (e.g.public_domain,cc_by,cc_by_sa)attribution_required: Boolean — True for CC BY / CC BY-SA and other attribution-required licensesattribution_text: Formatted Creative Commons attribution string (empty if not required)license_url: URL to the CC license deed (empty if not required)relevance_score: Relevance to the subject (0-1)quality_score: Content quality score (0-1)topics: JSON array of detected topicscharacter_count: Length of the textsubject_name: The subject this content relates tosubject_type: "personality" or "topic"extraction_date: When the content was extractedembedding: Pre-computed 384-dimensional embedding vector
Attribution
0 of 682 chunks in this corpus require attribution under their source license.
When building lessons from these chunks, the attribution_text field must be surfaced
in the lesson output per the Legend Leadership Attribution Tracking Spec.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("PhillyMac/Integrity_Ethical_Leadership_Theory")
# Access attribution-required chunks
for item in dataset["train"]:
if item["attribution_required"]:
print(item["attribution_text"])
Integration with RAG
This dataset is designed to be integrated with existing embedded corpuses. The embeddings use the sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model, compatible with FAISS indexing.
License
Content is sourced from public domain and Creative Commons licensed materials.
See individual license_type fields for per-chunk licensing details.
Generated By
Deku Corpus Builder - An automated corpus building system for AI applications.
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