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Front Psychiatry . 2024 Oct 4;15:1391312. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391312 Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions Biruk Beletew Abate Biruk Beletew Abate 1 College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Find artic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.662 | 0.838 | ["crisis", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800453 | [
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Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Find articles by Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie 2 , Abay Woday Tadesse Abay Woday Tadesse 3 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia 4 Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia Find articles by Abay Wo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.706 | ["education"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800583 | [
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by Tesfaye Engdaw 1 , Ayelign Mengesha Ayelign Mengesha 1 College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Find articles by Ayelign Mengesha 1 , Alemu Birara Zemariam Alemu Birara Zemariam 1 College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Find articles by Alemu Bir... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.673 | ["education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800652 | [
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Find articles by Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw 1 , Gebremeskel Abebe Gebremeskel Abebe 1 College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Find articles by Gebremeskel Abebe 1 , Molla Azmeraw Molla Azmeraw 1 College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Find articles by... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.7 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800713 | [
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ty, Woldia, Ethiopia 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 3 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia 4 Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia Edited by: Ali Nawaz Khan, H... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.692 | ["education", "governance", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800772 | [
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✉ *Correspondence: Biruk Beletew Abate, birukkelemb@gmail.com Received 2024 Feb 25; Accepted 2024 Aug 20; Collection date 2024. Copyright © 2024 Abate, Sendekie, Tadesse, Engdaw, Mengesha, Zemariam, Alamaw, Abebe and Azmeraw This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.511 | 0.844 | ["innovation"] | 510 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800821 | [
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s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC11487322 PMID: 39429523 Abstract Introduction Resilience is the dynamic adap... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.5 | 0.834 | [] | 484 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800879 | [
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ces, critical transitions, or physical illnesses. Resilience after adversity can be fostered through protective factors and the implementation of interventions that promote resilience. Hence, it is essential to investigate both protective and vulnerable factors to reduce the negative effects of unfavorable life events ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.83 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800932 | [
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, and resilience-promoting interventions to possess resilience after adversity in a global context. Methods The study included English language articles sourced from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar published before 15 April 2024. These art... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.683 | 0.838 | ["crisis", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.800988 | [
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a global context without a population age limitation. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. A weighted inverse-variance random-effects model was applied to find the pooled estimates. The subgroup analysis, heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.515 | 0.826 | [] | 444 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801032 | [
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ticipants) were included in this umbrella review. From the random-effects model analysis, the pooled effect of adversity on the development of resilience was 0.25 ( p < 0.001). The pooled effects of adversity-protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions after adversity were 0.31 ( p < 0.001) and 0.42 ( p <... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.676 | 0.704 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801084 | [
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ility of support, cognitive ability, community cohesion, positive self-perception, religious involvement, and self-regulation, respectively. The pooled effects of specific resilience-promoting interventions were 0.30, 0.21, 0.51, and 0.52 for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) interventions, mindfulness-based interventio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.644 | 0.664 | ["crisis"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801136 | [
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eople who experienced early adversity can develop resilience later in life. The study highlights the need to consider adversity protective factors, such as availability of support (family, friends, and school), cognitive ability, community cohesion, positive self-perception, religious involvement, and self-regulation, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.812 | ["crisis", "education", "family"] | 488 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801187 | [
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ntions, to enhance resilience promotion programs. Keywords: adversity, resilient, protecting factors, interventions, umbrella review Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that can be categorized as abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual), neglect (physical and emotional), an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.633 | 0.812 | ["crisis", "family"] | 449 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801240 | [
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cerated relative, and substance abuse) ( 1 – 3 ). Exposure to ACEs can raise the risk of various health and social problems, including harm, sexually transmitted diseases, maternity and pediatric health issues (teen pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and fetal death), human trafficking, suicide, and chronic diseases s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.838 | [] | 478 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801285 | [
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s powerful determinants of health and well-being. Originating from various sources, ACEs can have long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. These experiences are associated with an increased risk of developmental delays, learning difficulties, depression, diabetes, heart disease, substance abuse, and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.378 | 0.846 | ["crisis", "education"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801337 | [
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ast and present traumas, and a graded association was observed between the number of ACE categories and the incidence of adult disorders such as liver disease, cancer, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, and skeletal fractures ( 4 ). The prevalence and impact of ACEs is a global concern, although the extent o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.412 | 0.854 | [] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801386 | [
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n contribute to inconsistencies in prevalence rates, the available evidence suggests that ACEs are widespread. For instance, studies have reported ACE prevalence rates ranging from 31% to 93.5% in China ( 5 , 6 ), 46.2% in young Europeans ( 7 ), and a substantial 72% to 82% in Sub-Saharan Africa ( 8 ). The primary goal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.514 | 0.874 | ["crisis", "networking"] | 510 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801439 | [
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people’s capacity to overcome, adapt, and thrive. Research suggests that protective factors within the home, school, and community are acknowledged, nurtured, and understood ( 9 – 11 ). Individual resilience is defined as the ability to tolerate, adjust to, and overcome stress and adversity ( 12 ). This capacity is fos... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.83 | ["education", "crisis", "networking", "family"] | 423 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801493 | [
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experiences, and supportive relationships ( 13 ). Resilience acts as a buffer against the detrimental effects of stress, promoting positive emotional and cognitive development in children ( 13 ). Several factors influence the development of resilience. The duration of adversity, the presence of supportive relationships... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.669 | 0.85 | ["crisis", "networking", "family"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801545 | [
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utlined strategies to mitigate the immediate and long-term consequences of ACEs. These include strengthening economic support for families, promoting violence prevention, ensuring early childhood well-being, enhancing parenting and youth coping skills, fostering supportive relationships, and providing timely interventi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.662 | 0.822 | ["crisis", "networking"] | 484 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801597 | [
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t influence how individuals respond to adversity. By understanding the psychological, emotional, and social mechanisms underlying resilience, researchers aim to develop targeted interventions. Resilience-promotive or adversity-protective factors include supportive relationships and effective coping strategies ( 16 , 17... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.519 | 0.828 | ["crisis", "networking", "war_conflict", "family"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801648 | [
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to factors like family conflict, ineffective coping strategies, and negative parenting practices ( 18 ). Although research suggests that adversity-protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions can increase resilience, the findings are inconsistent. This gap emphasizes the need for comprehensive research to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.627 | 0.83 | ["crisis", "war_conflict", "family", "philosophy"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801698 | [
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oled effects of childhood adversity; (II) determine the pooled effect of adversity-protective factors, and (III) examine the pooled effect of resilience-promoting interventions on the development of resilience following childhood adversity. Methods This umbrella review systematically synthesized eligible systematic rev... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.645 | 0.802 | ["crisis"] | 413 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801752 | [
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g established umbrella review methodology ( 19 ). Although not pre-registered in PROSPERO, the review protocol has been submitted and is available upon request from the corresponding author. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used excludin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.339 | 0.852 | ["education", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801805 | [
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, Web of Sciences, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published before 15 April 2024. These studies examined the impact of protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions on resilience development in a global context. No restrictions were placed on the study st... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.838 | ["education"] | 486 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801856 | [
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g (MeSH) terms, keywords, and their combinations. Additionally, reference lists of retrieved articles were manually searched for potential studies. Five key concepts were identified for each search term, forming the basis of the search strategies. Concept 1 (adversity): adverse childhood experience, life challenges, un... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.822 | ["crisis", "philosophy"] | 489 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801905 | [
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, over-coming, resiliency, and adaptive function. Concept 3 (protective factors): religion, spirituality, support, self-esteem, and coping. Concept 4 (interventions): training, CBT, education, mindfulness, counseling, promotion, intervention, and meditation. Concept 5 (SRM): meta-analysis’, ‘systematic review’, and ‘re... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.802 | ["faith_spirituality", "education"] | 438 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.801967 | [
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dently, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Articles with incomplete reported data were handled by contacting corresponding authors. We used the search terms independently and/or in combination using “OR” or “AND” [(“adversity” OR “adverse childhood experience” OR “life challenges” OR “unpleasant” OR “misfortune”... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.577 | 0.834 | ["crisis", "faith_spirituality"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802021 | [
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daptive function”) AND (“religious” OR “spirituality” OR “support” OR “self-esteem,” OR “coping”) AND (“training” OR”CBT” OR “education” OR “mindfulness” OR “counseling” OR “promotion” OR “intervention” OR “meditate”)]. A sample of the literature search strategy, the PubMed search strategy, developed using a combinatio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.542 | 0.822 | ["strategy", "faith_spirituality", "education"] | 422 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802093 | [
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lementary Data Sheet 1 ( Supplementary Table 1 ). In addition to the systematic database search, an article search was carried out using the reference list of the included studies and the ‘cited by’ and ‘related articles’ functions of PubMed. Study selection/eligibility criteria Retrieved articles were imported into En... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.828 | ["education"] | 420 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802208 | [
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election of studies were conducted in two stages. Two reviewers (BBA and MAB) independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text assessment using pre-specified inclusion criteria. To be included, SRMs had to report the effects of protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions on resilience ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.645 | 0.846 | ["strategy"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802335 | [
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rategy, (b) appraise included studies using a relevant tool, and (c) employ a standardized approach to pooling studies and reporting summary estimates. Studies were excluded for the following reasons: (a) a lack of reporting on the measures of interest, (b) a language other than English, and (c) study type (narrative r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.485 | 0.834 | ["education", "negotiation", "philosophy"] | 484 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802458 | [
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were resolved through consensus among reviewers. Quality assessment The methodological quality of included systematic reviews was assessed independently by two reviewers (AKS and AMK) using the AMSTAR tool ( 21 ). AMSTAR evaluates the quality of systematic reviews based on 11 items assessing the rigor of methods used f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.83 | [] | 434 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802574 | [
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espread use, AMSTAR was selected for this review. Studies were categorized as high (8–11), medium (4–7), or low (≤3) quality based on their total AMSTAR score. Only reviews with a medium- or high-quality rating (score ≥4) were included in this study. A predetermined quality threshold was established and agreed upon by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.325 | 0.858 | ["education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802698 | [
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-... | ||
ies within these reviews was not explicitly evaluated for this umbrella review. Data extraction Data from the included SRMs were extracted using a standardized Excel-based data abstraction form. For each SRM, the following information was collected: (a) study identification (first author, publication year), (b) review ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.838 | ["crisis", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802821 | [
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lience-promoting interventions, (f) included primary studies (design type and sample size), (g) sample size of included studies, (h) publication bias assessment methods and results, (i) quality assessment methods and scores, (j) data synthesis method (random or fixed-effects), and (k) authors’ main conclusions ( Table ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.653 | 0.832 | ["crisis"] | 480 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802926 | [
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ors and resilience-promoting interventions, 2024. SrNo Author Year Design Number of studies Sample size Resilience- promoting interventions Protective factor Effect size (95% CI) 1 Wan X et al. ( 31 ) 2022 SRM 17 4,156 PT growth Self-regulation 0.448(0.37, 0.519) 2 Ang WHD et al. ( 35 ) 2021 SRM 22 2,876 Training 0.54(... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.63 | 0.702 | [] | 430 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.802978 | [
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,750 0.03(-0.21, 0.27) 4 Han S-J, Yeun Y-R et al. ( 36 ) 2023 SRM 15 852 Resilience-promoting interventions 0.59(0.31, 0.86) 5 Llistosella M etal. ( 37 ) 2023 SRM 16 2,468 CBT interventions 0.58(0.29, 0.87) 6 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 15 8,592 Positive self-perceptions 0.31(0.22, 0.4) 7 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SR... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.615 | 0.728 | [] | 464 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803032 | [
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ognitive ability 0.17(0.01, 0.33) 9 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 6 3,306 Cognitive ability 0.06(-0.02, 0.14) 10 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 12 2,568 Self-regulation 0.45(0.35, 0.53) 11 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 8 4,993 Self-regulation 0.3(0.15, 0.43) 12 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 14 1,881 Coping 0.01(0.23, 9.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.543 | 0.65 | ["family"] | 478 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803092 | [
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9 Family support 0.12(0.2,42.63) 15 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 30 26,524 Family support 0.14(0.22, 36.8) 16 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 13 13,494 Parental effectiveness 0.12(0.23, 23.42) 17 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 7 6,216 Parental effectiveness 0.05(0.16,4.33) 18 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 16 50,323 Schoo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.656 | ["family", "education"] | 510 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803146 | [
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3 Peer support 0.05(0.19, 16.59) 21 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 11 7,916 Peer support 0.04(0.2, 12.76) 22 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 4 4,070 Community Cohesion 0.05(0.43, 2.04) 23 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 6 9,196 Community Cohesion 0.01(0.14, 4.53) 24 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 4 18,587 Extra-curricular ac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.63 | [] | 444 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803206 | [
0.029770122841000557,
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ricular activities 0.03(0.24, 1) 26 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 4 18,544 Religious involvement 0.03(0.06, 2.33) 27 Yule K et al. ( 30 ) 2019 SRM 2 1,879 Religious involvement 0.01(0.3, 1) 28 Liu JJ et al. ( 38 ) 2020 SRM 20 - Resilience-promoting interventions 0.48(0.4, 0.56) 29 Lee JH et al. ( 32 ) 2013 SRM 5 1,140 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.728 | [] | 452 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803257 | [
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based intervention 0.46(0.1, 0.82) 36 Ma L et al. ( 40 ) 2020 SRM 38 24,135 CBT-interventions 0.13(0.06, 0.19) 37 Lavoie J et al. ( 33 ) 2016 SRM 14 12,772 Protective effects 0.47(0.17, 0.7) 38 Lavoie J et al. ( 33 ) 2016 SRM 14 12,772 0.19(0.05, 0.34) 39 Wu Y et al. ( 41 ) 2023 SRM 19 2,048 Resilience-promoting interv... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.625 | 0.722 | [] | 447 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803310 | [
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us involvement 0.4(0.32, 0.48) 41 Pinto TM et al. ( 42 ) 2021 SRM 13 2,799 Resilience-promoting interventions 0.48(0.15, 0.81) 42 Liu X et al. ( 43 ) 2022 SRM 20 7,988 Mindfulness-based intervention 0(0.5, 1) 43 Hodder RK et al. ( 44 ) 2017 SRM 13 16,619 Resilience-promoting interventions 0.78(0.6, 0.93) 44 Morgan CA e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.603 | 0.728 | [] | 509 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803362 | [
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xcel were imported into STATA v14.0 for analysis. A combined narrative and quantitative approach was used to summarize review estimates. When multiple estimates were available, a range of estimates and a pooled estimate were presented. Pooled estimates for the effects of adversity, protective factors, and resilience-pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.615 | 0.83 | ["crisis"] | 460 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803423 | [
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s (CIs) and visualized using forest plots ( 22 ). The pooled estimates with 95% CIs were presented using forest plots. Heterogeneity among the included SRMs was assessed using Galbraith plots, inverse variance (I² statistics), and Cochran’s Q statistic. I² values, ranging from 0 to 100%, quantify the proportion of tota... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.87 | ["ethics"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803481 | [
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ely, with a threshold of I² < 50%, is often considered indicative of low heterogeneity ( 25 , 26 ). Additionally, τ² was calculated to estimate between-study variance, as I² can be influenced by study size ( 27 ). To further explore heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals (PIs) for the standardized mean difference were... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.301 | 0.86 | ["education"] | 458 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803542 | [
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², and 95% PIs were computed for each SRM ( 28 ). For heterogeneous data, a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model was applied. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on protective factors and resilience-promoting intervention types. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of individual studies on ove... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.584 | 0.844 | ["philosophy"] | 495 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803599 | [
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studies were identified from different databases. After removing duplicates (2,163), 2,477 records remained. Subsequent title and abstract screening resulted in 252 full-text articles being selected for detailed evaluation, 208 of which were subsequently excluded due to poor quality (JBI score <4) (n=58) and a failure ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.33 | 0.85 | [] | 507 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803650 | [
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ded in the final analysis ( Figure 1 ). Figure 1. Open in a new tab PRISMA-adapted flow diagram showing the results of the search and reasons for exclusion. Characteristics of the included studies The number of studies included in each SRM ranged from 2 ( 30 ) to 49 ( 30 ). The minimum and maximum sample sizes were 1,5... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.63 | 0.89 | ["crisis", "philosophy"] | 503 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803707 | [
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t al. ( 31 ), Yule K et al. ( 30 ), Lee JH et al. ( 32 ), Lavoie J et al. ( 33 ) and Schwalm FD et al. ( 34 )). Fourteen SRMs examined the effects of resilience-promoting interventions on resilience development (Wan X et al. ( 31 ), Ang WHD et al. ( 35 ), Han S-J, Yeun Y-R et al. ( 36 ), Llistosella M et al. ( 37 ), Li... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.665 | 0.712 | [] | 496 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803766 | [
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), Liu X et al. ( 43 ), Hodder RK et al. ( 44 )). Five SRMs reported the association between adversity and resilience (Wan X et al. ( 31 ), Ang WHD et al. ( 35 ), Castillo‐González A et al. ( 45 ), Lavoie J et al. ( 33 ), Morgan CA et al. ( 46 )) ( Table 1 ). The effect of protective factors The effects of protective f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.669 | 0.678 | ["crisis"] | 476 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803846 | [
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e J et al. ( 33 ), and Schwalm FD et al. ( 34 )). The effects of protective factors ranged from 0.01 (95% CI: 0.14, 4.53) ( 30 ) to 0.45 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.519) ( 31 ). Random-effects model analysis of these studies revealed a pooled effect of protective factors on resilience development following adversity of 0.31 (95% ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.663 | 0.744 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.803938 | [
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ctors for the development of resilience after adversity. Heterogeneity outcome Heterogeneity among the 27 included SRMs was assessed using Galbraith plots and I² statistics. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a pooled effect of adversity protective factors on resilience development of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.40) with ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.682 | 0.676 | ["crisis"] | 435 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804029 | [
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in the Galbraith plot ( Supplementary Figure 1 ). Subgroup analysis Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the protective factor type. Pooled effects for resilience development were 0.26 (95% CI: −0.04, 0.55) for availability of support, 0.09 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.19) for cognitive ability, 0.05 (95% CI: −0.71, 0.80) for... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.621 | 0.706 | [] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804112 | [
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5% CI: 0.37, 0.48) for self-regulation ( Supplementary Figure 2 ). Publication bias A funnel plot exhibited a symmetrical distribution ( Supplementary Figure 3 ). The Egger’s regression test yielded a value of 0.278, indicating no evidence of publication bias ( Supplementary Figure 4 ). Consequently, a trim and fill an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.358 | 0.706 | [] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804190 | [
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luence of individual studies on the pooled estimate of protective factors for resilience development. Results indicated that the pooled findings were robust to the exclusion of any single study. The pooled estimate ranged from 0.297 (0.20–0.38) to 0.34 (0.28–0.41) after removing a single study ( Supplementary Figure 6 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.687 | 0.694 | ["education", "crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804389 | [
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s on resilience development following adversity (Wan X et al. ( 31 ), Ang WHD et al. ( 35 ), Han S-J, Yeun Y-R et al. ( 36 ), Llistosella M etal. ( 37 ), Liu JJ et al. ( 38 ), Joyce S et al. ( 39 ), Joyce S et al. ( 39 ), Ma L et al. ( 40 ), Wu Y et al. ( 41 ), Pinto TM et al. ( 42 ), Liu X et al. ( 43 ), Hodder RK et ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.687 | 0.68 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804482 | [
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opment of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.55), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 78.46%; p < 0.001) ( Figure 3 ). Figure 3. Open in a new tab Forest plot showing the pooled effect of resilience-promoting interventions for the development of resilience after adversity. Heterogeneity outcome Heterogeneity among the 14 included ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.675 | 0.7 | ["crisis"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804565 | [
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resilience-promoting interventions on resilience development of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.55), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 78.46%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the types of resilience-promoting interventions. Pooled effects for resilience development were 0.30 (95% CI: 0.0... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.688 | [] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804643 | [
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d 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.62) for resilience-promoting interventions ( Supplementary Figure 8 ). Publication bias A funnel plot showed a symmetrical distribution ( Supplementary Figure 9 ). The Egger’s regression test value was 0.647, which indicated the absence of publication bias ( Supplementary Figure 10 ). Owing to t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.639 | 0.686 | [] | 423 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804721 | [
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im and fill analysis ( Supplementary Figure 11 ). Effects of previous adversity on resilience later in life Five SRMs reported the association between previous adversity and later-life resilience (Wan X et al. ( 31 ), Ang WHD et al. ( 35 ), Castillo‐González A et al. ( 45 ), Lavoie J et al. ( 33 ), Morgan CA et al. ( 4... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.672 | 0.734 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804808 | [
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r previous adversity was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.46) (I 2 = 85.82%; p < 0.001) ( Figure 4 ). Figure 4. Open in a new tab Forest plot showing the pooled effect of adversity for the development of later resilience. Heterogeneity outcome The Galbraith plot and I² were used to assess heterogeneity among the five included SRM... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.662 | 0.726 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804897 | [
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with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 85.82%; p < 0.001). The Galbraith plot also indicated heterogeneity. Publication bias A funnel plot exhibited a symmetrical distribution ( Supplementary Figure 13 ). The Egger’s regression test yielded a value of 0.39, indicating no evidence of publication bias ( Supplementary Figur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.318 | 0.702 | [] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.804976 | [
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ssess the influence of individual studies on the pooled estimate of adversity on resilience development. Results indicated that the pooled findings were robust to the exclusion of any single study. The pooled estimate ranged from 0.18 (0.04–0.42) to 0.30 (0.10–0.50) after removing individual studies ( Supplementary Fig... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.689 | 0.696 | ["crisis", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805040 | [
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erventions on resilience development in a global context. Results indicated a significant pooled effect of resilience-promoting interventions on post-adversity resilience. According to Morgan CA et al.’s SRM, a substantial negative correlation exists between ACEs and resilience ( 46 ). Children worldwide face various a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.53 | 0.812 | ["crisis", "family"] | 432 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805097 | [
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ce long-term psychological and social challenges. Individuals with ACEs were 63% less likely to exhibit high resilience compared with those without ACEs, emphasizing the importance of identifying factors contributing to resilience development. The current study found a pooled effect of 0.31 for adversity protective fac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.832 | ["crisis", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805149 | [
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ve self-perception, religious involvement, and self-regulation, significantly influenced resilience. This finding aligns with the work of Yule K et al. in 2019 ( 30 ). Accordingly, 26% of individuals experiencing childhood hardship developed resilience due to supportive relationships with family, friends, or their scho... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.49 | 0.83 | ["networking", "family", "education"] | 458 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805213 | [
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e: An Examination of Protective Elements” ( 47 ). Religious participation also contributed to resilience, with 23% of trauma-exposed individuals reporting increased resilience following religious involvement. These findings support previous studies on the protective effects of parental involvement and religion against ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.838 | ["crisis"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805319 | [
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future studies should prioritize the development and evaluation of interventions. Universal resilience-focused interventions, particularly CBT, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing ACE-related depressive and anxiety symptoms ( 50 ). Early community resilience assets, such as fair treatment, supportive friendships, op... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.475 | 0.818 | ["networking"] | 469 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805449 | [
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independently linked to positive outcomes ( 51 ). Research indicates that positive early relationships with compassionate adults can mitigate or prevent the harmful effects of ACEs, a form of toxic stress ( 3 ). Although ACEs pose significant challenges, some individuals demonstrate resilience by overcoming adversity a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.834 | ["crisis", "networking", "philosophy"] | 468 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805525 | [
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ience in mitigating the negative impacts of ACEs. Resilience theories emphasize individuals’ strengths, including coping strategies (internal) and family and community support (external), in navigating stressful experiences, rather than focusing solely on vulnerabilities ( 52 – 54 ). Positive individual, family, and co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.502 | 0.838 | ["family"] | 491 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805585 | [
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dren and adolescents exposed to ACEs ( 55 , 56 ). Strong family functioning can serve as a protective factor against teenage mental health issues, poverty, neighborhood violence, and dysfunctional parental relationships ( 9 – 11 ). This umbrella review indicates that interventions incorporating mindfulness or CBT techn... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.497 | 0.836 | ["networking", "economy", "family"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805650 | [
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various subtypes, including CBT, mindfulness-based, and mixed interventions, further research is needed to optimize these approaches. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of resilience training on psychological well-being ( 57 ). Additionally, research suggests that CBT can influence resilience throug... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.516 | 0.84 | [] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805705 | [
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pon the established efficacy of these approaches in treating mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety ( 39 , 59 – 61 ). Moreover, these interventions have been linked to improved overall psychological and physical health ( 62 ). Implications for research Protective factors, such as caregiver support, can... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.838 | ["networking", "war_conflict"] | 487 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805765 | [
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adjustment warrants further investigation ( 63 ). To accurately measure resilience in children exposed to violence, studies should consider both indicators of healthy development and protective factors ( 63 ). Research emphasizes the importance of strong relationships and understanding broader cultural contexts in fost... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.838 | ["family", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805825 | [
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cultural groups requires understanding how sociocultural factors influence protective factors within families, schools, and peer groups ( 66 ). The Resilience Portfolio Model offers a structured framework for examining factors influencing children’s adjustment processes ( 67 , 68 ). Implications for prevention and inte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.83 | ["family", "education", "networking"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805886 | [
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ervention programs in fostering children’s resilience ( 69 ). Caregiver programs promoting self-regulation, including emotion socialization strategies, have demonstrated improvements in socio-emotional competencies and reduced behavioral issues among preschoolers ( 70 ). Schools are transitioning from punitive discipli... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.824 | ["education", "networking", "war_conflict", "family"] | 511 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.805953 | [
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l strengths among students and teachers ( 71 – 73 ). SEL programs, encompassing self-regulation, teacher-student relationships, positive self-perception, and symptom reduction, can be integrated into school-based initiatives ( 74 ). Mindfulness-based interventions ( 75 ), such as compassion and attention in schools, wh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.405 | 0.84 | ["education", "networking", "salary", "family"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806016 | [
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coping, and mental health in children and adolescents ( 78 , 79 ). Trauma-sensitive schools adopt a comprehensive approach, including SEL curricula, support services, and targeted interventions, to address the impact of trauma on children’s behavior ( 80 – 82 ). Research affirms the potential of trauma-sensitive school... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.846 | ["family", "education", "communication"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806071 | [
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ve factors in parenting and school-based programs, their effectiveness in enhancing children’s functioning is often underestimated ( 83 ). Program evaluations investigating the impact of self-regulation and supportive teacher-student relationships on children’s health and well-being contribute to resilience research by... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.467 | 0.82 | ["family", "education", "networking"] | 458 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806146 | [
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erpreted with caution due to several limitations. First, the included studies exhibited substantial heterogeneity, indicating variability in the methodologies, populations, and outcomes reported. Although a random-effects model and subgroup analysis were employed to account for this heterogeneity, it is important to ac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.406 | 0.814 | ["education"] | 421 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806235 | [
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y represent the true effect size in all contexts. Second, the geographical distribution of the included studies was uneven, with a potential overrepresentation of certain regions. This limitation may restrict the generalizability of the findings to populations from underrepresented geographical areas. Finally, the incl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.479 | 0.824 | ["communication"] | 441 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806328 | [
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f relevant research conducted in other languages. This language bias could potentially limit the comprehensiveness of the evidence base. Conclusion and recommendation This umbrella review demonstrates that individuals exposed to early adversity can develop resilience. Protective factors, including support from family, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.826 | ["crisis", "family", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806417 | [
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ated with an increased likelihood of developing resilience following adversity. Resilience-promoting interventions, such as CBT and mindfulness-based approaches, can also enhance resilience outcomes. To foster resilience among at-risk youth and their caregivers, concerted efforts to strengthen positive relationships wi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.83 | ["crisis", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806505 | [
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research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Data availability statement The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Author contributions BA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.563 | 0.824 | ["strategy", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806593 | [
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Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. AS: Writing – review & editing, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Validation, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Visualization, Software. AT: Writing – review & editing, Data curation, Me... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11487322/ | Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.706 | ["strategy", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 487 | Resilience Leading Through Adversity | topic | 2026-04-10T04:55:29.806698 | [
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