{"author":"Wiktor Tomasik","hypothesis":"The connected system may change the threshold for treating evidence as sufficient, including information seeking versus closure. This must be distinguished from a general confidence shift.","families":[{"id":"pump","name":"Technical diagnosis","rule":"A fault is considered identified only when two independent instruments agree.","common":"A workshop pump sometimes stops. There is time to take one more reading before choosing a repair.","good":"A pressure gauge and a separately powered flow meter both indicate a blocked inlet. Each was tested against a reference this morning.","bad":"Two display panels indicate a blocked inlet. Both panels obtain their reading from the same pressure sensor, whose reference check is overdue.","more":"take one independent measurement before choosing a repair","close":"choose the blocked-inlet repair now"},{"id":"archive","name":"Source verification","rule":"The editor accepts an event date only when two independent records agree.","common":"An editor must decide whether to print 14 June as the date of a harbor fire. A short delay for one archive check is possible.","good":"A dated harbor ledger and an independently written insurance letter both give 14 June. Neither copied the other.","bad":"A newspaper page and a modern catalogue both give 14 June. The catalogue cites that same newspaper page as its only source.","more":"seek one independent record before accepting the date","close":"accept 14 June as the verified date now"},{"id":"prototype","name":"Scope of a result","rule":"A claim about both hot and cold operation requires one valid test in each temperature range.","common":"A prototype latch passed a trial. The team must decide whether its report can claim reliable operation in both hot and cold conditions.","good":"One valid trial was at minus ten degrees and another valid trial was at forty degrees. Both used the specified load.","bad":"Two valid trials were at forty degrees. Both used the specified load, but no cold trial has been performed.","more":"request a cold-condition test before making the combined claim","close":"make the hot-and-cold operating claim now"},{"id":"staffing","name":"Planning feasibility","rule":"Each open station requires its own present volunteer; a person cannot staff both at once.","common":"An organizer wants two information stations open throughout the same hour. One last roster check can be made before printing the plan.","good":"Two different volunteers have each confirmed that entire hour. Each is assigned to one station, and neither has another duty.","bad":"Two station assignments are listed, but both list the same volunteer for the same hour. No second person has confirmed availability.","more":"resolve the staffing gap before printing the two-station plan","close":"print the simultaneous two-station plan now"},{"id":"cause","name":"Causal comparison","rule":"An added benefit requires better results than a comparable control, rather than improvement in both groups alone.","common":"A club is deciding whether its trial supports an added benefit from a new practice routine. It can inspect one comparison table before issuing its statement.","good":"The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by two points. Timing and materials were matched.","bad":"The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by eight points. Timing and materials were matched.","more":"withhold the added-benefit conclusion and inspect further evidence","close":"state that this comparison supports an added benefit now"},{"id":"route","name":"Completeness of evidence","rule":"The route can be declared open only when both its bridge and its tunnel have current clearance.","common":"A dispatcher is deciding whether to announce that an entire route is open. There is time for one status call.","good":"The bridge officer and the tunnel officer each provided a current clearance for their respective section. Neither clearance has an exception.","bad":"Two current messages clear the bridge. Both are from the bridge officer; there is no current tunnel clearance.","more":"obtain the missing section status before announcing the route open","close":"announce that the entire route is open now"}],"scenes":[{"id":"pump_need_original","family":"pump","name":"Technical diagnosis","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"A workshop pump sometimes stops. There is time to take one more reading before choosing a repair. Two display panels indicate a blocked inlet. Both panels obtain their reading from the same pressure sensor, whose reference check is overdue. The decision rule is: A fault is considered identified only when two independent instruments agree.","options":{"seek":"take one independent measurement before choosing a repair","close":"choose the blocked-inlet repair now"}},{"id":"pump_need_reordered","family":"pump","name":"Technical diagnosis","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: A fault is considered identified only when two independent instruments agree. Here is the situation. Two display panels indicate a blocked inlet. Both panels obtain their reading from the same pressure sensor, whose reference check is overdue. A workshop pump sometimes stops. There is time to take one more reading before choosing a repair.","options":{"seek":"take one independent measurement before choosing a repair","close":"choose the blocked-inlet repair now"}},{"id":"pump_ready_original","family":"pump","name":"Technical diagnosis","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"A workshop pump sometimes stops. There is time to take one more reading before choosing a repair. A pressure gauge and a separately powered flow meter both indicate a blocked inlet. Each was tested against a reference this morning. The decision rule is: A fault is considered identified only when two independent instruments agree.","options":{"seek":"take one independent measurement before choosing a repair","close":"choose the blocked-inlet repair now"}},{"id":"pump_ready_reordered","family":"pump","name":"Technical diagnosis","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: A fault is considered identified only when two independent instruments agree. Here is the situation. A pressure gauge and a separately powered flow meter both indicate a blocked inlet. Each was tested against a reference this morning. A workshop pump sometimes stops. There is time to take one more reading before choosing a repair.","options":{"seek":"take one independent measurement before choosing a repair","close":"choose the blocked-inlet repair now"}},{"id":"archive_need_original","family":"archive","name":"Source verification","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"An editor must decide whether to print 14 June as the date of a harbor fire. A short delay for one archive check is possible. A newspaper page and a modern catalogue both give 14 June. The catalogue cites that same newspaper page as its only source. The decision rule is: The editor accepts an event date only when two independent records agree.","options":{"seek":"seek one independent record before accepting the date","close":"accept 14 June as the verified date now"}},{"id":"archive_need_reordered","family":"archive","name":"Source verification","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: The editor accepts an event date only when two independent records agree. Here is the situation. A newspaper page and a modern catalogue both give 14 June. The catalogue cites that same newspaper page as its only source. An editor must decide whether to print 14 June as the date of a harbor fire. A short delay for one archive check is possible.","options":{"seek":"seek one independent record before accepting the date","close":"accept 14 June as the verified date now"}},{"id":"archive_ready_original","family":"archive","name":"Source verification","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"An editor must decide whether to print 14 June as the date of a harbor fire. A short delay for one archive check is possible. A dated harbor ledger and an independently written insurance letter both give 14 June. Neither copied the other. The decision rule is: The editor accepts an event date only when two independent records agree.","options":{"seek":"seek one independent record before accepting the date","close":"accept 14 June as the verified date now"}},{"id":"archive_ready_reordered","family":"archive","name":"Source verification","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: The editor accepts an event date only when two independent records agree. Here is the situation. A dated harbor ledger and an independently written insurance letter both give 14 June. Neither copied the other. An editor must decide whether to print 14 June as the date of a harbor fire. A short delay for one archive check is possible.","options":{"seek":"seek one independent record before accepting the date","close":"accept 14 June as the verified date now"}},{"id":"prototype_need_original","family":"prototype","name":"Scope of a result","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"A prototype latch passed a trial. The team must decide whether its report can claim reliable operation in both hot and cold conditions. Two valid trials were at forty degrees. Both used the specified load, but no cold trial has been performed. The decision rule is: A claim about both hot and cold operation requires one valid test in each temperature range.","options":{"seek":"request a cold-condition test before making the combined claim","close":"make the hot-and-cold operating claim now"}},{"id":"prototype_need_reordered","family":"prototype","name":"Scope of a result","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: A claim about both hot and cold operation requires one valid test in each temperature range. Here is the situation. Two valid trials were at forty degrees. Both used the specified load, but no cold trial has been performed. A prototype latch passed a trial. The team must decide whether its report can claim reliable operation in both hot and cold conditions.","options":{"seek":"request a cold-condition test before making the combined claim","close":"make the hot-and-cold operating claim now"}},{"id":"prototype_ready_original","family":"prototype","name":"Scope of a result","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"A prototype latch passed a trial. The team must decide whether its report can claim reliable operation in both hot and cold conditions. One valid trial was at minus ten degrees and another valid trial was at forty degrees. Both used the specified load. The decision rule is: A claim about both hot and cold operation requires one valid test in each temperature range.","options":{"seek":"request a cold-condition test before making the combined claim","close":"make the hot-and-cold operating claim now"}},{"id":"prototype_ready_reordered","family":"prototype","name":"Scope of a result","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: A claim about both hot and cold operation requires one valid test in each temperature range. Here is the situation. One valid trial was at minus ten degrees and another valid trial was at forty degrees. Both used the specified load. A prototype latch passed a trial. The team must decide whether its report can claim reliable operation in both hot and cold conditions.","options":{"seek":"request a cold-condition test before making the combined claim","close":"make the hot-and-cold operating claim now"}},{"id":"staffing_need_original","family":"staffing","name":"Planning feasibility","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"An organizer wants two information stations open throughout the same hour. One last roster check can be made before printing the plan. Two station assignments are listed, but both list the same volunteer for the same hour. No second person has confirmed availability. The decision rule is: Each open station requires its own present volunteer; a person cannot staff both at once.","options":{"seek":"resolve the staffing gap before printing the two-station plan","close":"print the simultaneous two-station plan now"}},{"id":"staffing_need_reordered","family":"staffing","name":"Planning feasibility","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: Each open station requires its own present volunteer; a person cannot staff both at once. Here is the situation. Two station assignments are listed, but both list the same volunteer for the same hour. No second person has confirmed availability. An organizer wants two information stations open throughout the same hour. One last roster check can be made before printing the plan.","options":{"seek":"resolve the staffing gap before printing the two-station plan","close":"print the simultaneous two-station plan now"}},{"id":"staffing_ready_original","family":"staffing","name":"Planning feasibility","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"An organizer wants two information stations open throughout the same hour. One last roster check can be made before printing the plan. Two different volunteers have each confirmed that entire hour. Each is assigned to one station, and neither has another duty. The decision rule is: Each open station requires its own present volunteer; a person cannot staff both at once.","options":{"seek":"resolve the staffing gap before printing the two-station plan","close":"print the simultaneous two-station plan now"}},{"id":"staffing_ready_reordered","family":"staffing","name":"Planning feasibility","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: Each open station requires its own present volunteer; a person cannot staff both at once. Here is the situation. Two different volunteers have each confirmed that entire hour. Each is assigned to one station, and neither has another duty. An organizer wants two information stations open throughout the same hour. One last roster check can be made before printing the plan.","options":{"seek":"resolve the staffing gap before printing the two-station plan","close":"print the simultaneous two-station plan now"}},{"id":"cause_need_original","family":"cause","name":"Causal comparison","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"A club is deciding whether its trial supports an added benefit from a new practice routine. It can inspect one comparison table before issuing its statement. The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by eight points. Timing and materials were matched. The decision rule is: An added benefit requires better results than a comparable control, rather than improvement in both groups alone.","options":{"seek":"withhold the added-benefit conclusion and inspect further evidence","close":"state that this comparison supports an added benefit now"}},{"id":"cause_need_reordered","family":"cause","name":"Causal comparison","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: An added benefit requires better results than a comparable control, rather than improvement in both groups alone. Here is the situation. The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by eight points. Timing and materials were matched. A club is deciding whether its trial supports an added benefit from a new practice routine. It can inspect one comparison table before issuing its statement.","options":{"seek":"withhold the added-benefit conclusion and inspect further evidence","close":"state that this comparison supports an added benefit now"}},{"id":"cause_ready_original","family":"cause","name":"Causal comparison","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"A club is deciding whether its trial supports an added benefit from a new practice routine. It can inspect one comparison table before issuing its statement. The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by two points. Timing and materials were matched. The decision rule is: An added benefit requires better results than a comparable control, rather than improvement in both groups alone.","options":{"seek":"withhold the added-benefit conclusion and inspect further evidence","close":"state that this comparison supports an added benefit now"}},{"id":"cause_ready_reordered","family":"cause","name":"Causal comparison","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: An added benefit requires better results than a comparable control, rather than improvement in both groups alone. Here is the situation. The randomly assigned routine group improved by eight points and the equally sized control group by two points. Timing and materials were matched. A club is deciding whether its trial supports an added benefit from a new practice routine. It can inspect one comparison table before issuing its statement.","options":{"seek":"withhold the added-benefit conclusion and inspect further evidence","close":"state that this comparison supports an added benefit now"}},{"id":"route_need_original","family":"route","name":"Completeness of evidence","ready":false,"wording":"original","context":"A dispatcher is deciding whether to announce that an entire route is open. There is time for one status call. Two current messages clear the bridge. Both are from the bridge officer; there is no current tunnel clearance. The decision rule is: The route can be declared open only when both its bridge and its tunnel have current clearance.","options":{"seek":"obtain the missing section status before announcing the route open","close":"announce that the entire route is open now"}},{"id":"route_need_reordered","family":"route","name":"Completeness of evidence","ready":false,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: The route can be declared open only when both its bridge and its tunnel have current clearance. Here is the situation. Two current messages clear the bridge. Both are from the bridge officer; there is no current tunnel clearance. A dispatcher is deciding whether to announce that an entire route is open. There is time for one status call.","options":{"seek":"obtain the missing section status before announcing the route open","close":"announce that the entire route is open now"}},{"id":"route_ready_original","family":"route","name":"Completeness of evidence","ready":true,"wording":"original","context":"A dispatcher is deciding whether to announce that an entire route is open. There is time for one status call. The bridge officer and the tunnel officer each provided a current clearance for their respective section. Neither clearance has an exception. The decision rule is: The route can be declared open only when both its bridge and its tunnel have current clearance.","options":{"seek":"obtain the missing section status before announcing the route open","close":"announce that the entire route is open now"}},{"id":"route_ready_reordered","family":"route","name":"Completeness of evidence","ready":true,"wording":"reordered","context":"Use this criterion: The route can be declared open only when both its bridge and its tunnel have current clearance. Here is the situation. The bridge officer and the tunnel officer each provided a current clearance for their respective section. Neither clearance has an exception. A dispatcher is deciding whether to announce that an entire route is open. There is time for one status call.","options":{"seek":"obtain the missing section status before announcing the route open","close":"announce that the entire route is open now"}}],"limits":"These are rule-grounded toy decisions, not a test of professional judgment. Reordered wording tests presentation order, not a fully independent paraphrase."}