---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- multi-label-classification
language:
- es
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- n<1K
pretty_name: DISCOPALPsychClassification
tags:
- poetry
- spanish
- sonnet
- psychology
- multi-label-classification
- disco
- disco-pal
- mteb
- poetrymteb
- embedding-evaluation
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
source_datasets:
- DISCO PAL
- DISCO
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
  default: true
dataset_info:
- config_name: default
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: source_index
    dtype: int64
  - name: poem
    dtype: string
  - name: labels
    sequence: int64
  - name: label_names
    sequence: string
  - name: n_annotators
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_examples: 210
  - name: test
    num_examples: 55
---

# DISCOPALPsychClassification

Multi-label **psychological feature classification** over **Spanish sonnets** for PoetryMTEB, derived from [DISCO PAL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.04626) (Barbado et al., 2020).

Experts marked whether each sonnet **refers to** literature-motivated psychological concepts (binary presence). Labels follow the DISCO PAL psychological inventory (rooted in personality-disorder / clinical-educational modelling literature cited by the authors), aggregated by **median** across three annotators.

## Dataset Card

| Item | Description |
|------|-------------|
| **Source annotations** | [DISCO PAL](https://github.com/AlbertoBarbado/DISCO_PAL) (`Processed Annotations/poems_corpus_all.csv`) |
| **Source poems** | [DISCO](https://github.com/pruizf/disco) |
| **Paper** | Barbado et al., [arXiv:2007.04626](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.04626) |
| **Languages** | Spanish (`es`) |
| **Unit** | Full sonnet text (`poem`) |
| **Labels** | Multi-label subset of **21** psychological concepts (binary) |
| **Aggregation** | Median of 3 experts; treat median ≥ 0.5 as positive |
| **Filtering** | Poems with **no** positive psychological label are removed (9 poems) |
| **Size** | train=210; test=55 |
| **Splits** | Stratified by primary label (first taxonomy-ordered positive) ≈ 80% / 20%, seed=42 |
| **License** | [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) |
| **Evaluation metrics** | Multi-label classification on embeddings: **macro/micro F1**, **Average Precision (AP)** |

Mean labels/poem ≈ **5.43**.

## Label taxonomy (21)

| id | label_name (en) | es (source) | zh | train | test | total |
|---:|-----------------|-------------|----|------:|-----:|------:|
| 0 | `Solitude` | Soledad | 孤独 | 50 | 13 | 63 |
| 1 | `Illusion` | Ilusión | 幻想/憧憬 | 59 | 14 | 73 |
| 2 | `Dreaming` | Ensoñación | 梦想/白日梦 | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 3 | `Greatness` | Grandiosidad | 夸大/宏大感 | 81 | 24 | 105 |
| 4 | `Pride` | Orgullo | 骄傲 | 57 | 15 | 72 |
| 5 | `Irritability` | Irritabilidad | 易怒 | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 6 | `Anxiety` | Ansiedad | 焦虑 | 61 | 15 | 76 |
| 7 | `Anger` | Ira | 愤怒 | 42 | 15 | 57 |
| 8 | `Instability` | Inestabilidad | 不稳定 | 55 | 9 | 64 |
| 9 | `Idealization` | Idealización | 理想化 | 84 | 23 | 107 |
| 10 | `Depression` | Depresión | 抑郁 | 30 | 9 | 39 |
| 11 | `Disappointment` | Desilusión | 失望 | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 12 | `Dislike` | Aversión | 厌恶/反感 | 83 | 16 | 99 |
| 13 | `Insecurity` | Inseguridad | 不安全感 | 35 | 9 | 44 |
| 14 | `Impotence` | Impotencia | 无力感 | 49 | 13 | 62 |
| 15 | `Vulnerability` | Vulnerabilidad | 脆弱 | 99 | 30 | 129 |
| 16 | `Fear` | Temor | 畏惧 | 72 | 22 | 94 |
| 17 | `Obsession` | Obsesión | 强迫观念 | 28 | 4 | 32 |
| 18 | `Compulsion` | Compulsión | 强迫行为 | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| 19 | `Prejudice` | Prejuicio | 偏见 | 30 | 0 | 30 |
| 20 | `Dramatization` | Dramatización | 戏剧化 | 84 | 24 | 108 |

Codebook: `label_taxonomy.json`.

Upstream Spanish column names are preserved in the taxonomy (`name_es`) for traceability; classification uses English `label_names`.

## Features

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `id` | string | Example id (`discopal-psych-{source_index}`) |
| `source_index` | int64 | Row index in upstream CSV |
| `poem` | string | Full Spanish sonnet text |
| `labels` | list[int64] | Psychological class indices |
| `label_names` | list[string] | Canonical English concept names |
| `n_annotators` | int64 | Experts aggregated (3; median) |

## Construction method

1. Load `poems_corpus_all.csv` (median of a1/a2/a3).
2. Normalize column names; map 21 Spanish columns → English taxonomy.
3. Keep concepts with median ≥ 0.5; drop poems with an empty label set.
4. Stratified train/test split by primary (lowest-id positive) label, seed=42.

## Intended use / limitations

- For **PoetryMTEB** multi-label probing of Spanish poem embeddings.
- Labels encode **literary / conceptual presence**, not clinical diagnoses of authors or readers.
- Companion affective dataset: `DISCOPALAffectClassification`.

## Citation

```bibtex
@article{barbado2020disco,
  title={DISCO PAL: Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus with Psychological and Affective Labels},
  author={Barbado, Alberto and Fresno, Víctor and Riesco, Ángeles Manjarrés and Ros, Salvador},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.04626},
  year={2020}
}
```

Underlying sonnets:

```bibtex
@misc{disco2017,
  author={Ruiz Fabo, Pablo and Bermúdez Sabel, Helena and Martínez Cantón, Clara and Calvo Tello, José},
  title={Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus (DISCO)},
  year={2017},
  howpublished={UNED / Zenodo},
  doi={10.5281/zenodo.1069844},
  url={https://github.com/pruizf/disco}
}
```

Psychological inventory background (as cited by DISCO PAL):

```bibtex
@mastersthesis{garcia2016owl,
  author={García Franco, J. D. and Manjarrés Riesco, Ángeles},
  title={Modelado de los trastornos de la personalidad en OWL},
  school={UNED},
  year={2016}
}
```

## License

Apache License 2.0 for DISCO PAL annotations and this redistribution. Poem texts originate from DISCO; respect upstream DISCO terms for uses beyond research evaluation.