#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Fetch Ancient Legal Document Images and Texts Sources: - Wikimedia Commons (public domain images) - Yale Avalon Project (translations) - Internet Archive (scans) - Museum APIs (Louvre, British Museum, etc.) """ import os import json import requests import time from pathlib import Path from typing import Dict, List, Optional from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict from urllib.parse import urljoin import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s | %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Base paths BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).parent IMAGES_DIR = BASE_DIR / "images" TRANSCRIPTIONS_DIR = BASE_DIR / "transcriptions" TRANSLATIONS_DIR = BASE_DIR / "translations" # Ensure directories exist IMAGES_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True) TRANSCRIPTIONS_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True) TRANSLATIONS_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True) @dataclass class AncientDocument: """Metadata for an ancient legal document""" id: str title: str alternate_titles: List[str] date_composed: str language_original: str script: str physical_location: str image_sources: List[Dict[str, str]] # [{"url": ..., "description": ...}] translation_sources: List[Dict[str, str]] # [{"url": ..., "language": ...}] provisions_count: Optional[int] = None topics: List[str] = None significance: str = "" # ============================================================================ # DOCUMENT DEFINITIONS - Known sources for ancient legal documents # ============================================================================ ANCIENT_DOCUMENTS = [ AncientDocument( id="hammurabi", title="Code of Hammurabi", alternate_titles=["Codex Hammurabi", "Laws of Hammurabi"], date_composed="-1754", language_original="akk", script="cuneiform", physical_location="Louvre Museum, Paris", provisions_count=282, topics=["property", "family", "commerce", "crime", "slavery", "wages"], significance="One of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg", "description": "Full stele showing Hammurabi receiving laws from Shamash" }, { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Code_de_Hammurabi_1.jpg", "description": "Upper portion detail" }, { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/P1050771_Louvre_code_Hammurabi_face_rwk.JPG", "description": "Front face with cuneiform text" }, ], translation_sources=[ {"url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp", "language": "en"}, ] ), AncientDocument( id="ur_nammu", title="Code of Ur-Nammu", alternate_titles=["Laws of Ur-Nammu"], date_composed="-2100", language_original="sux", script="cuneiform", physical_location="Istanbul Archaeological Museums / University of Pennsylvania", provisions_count=57, topics=["murder", "robbery", "adultery", "injury", "slavery"], significance="Oldest known law code, predates Hammurabi by 300 years", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Code_of_Ur-Nammu_%28Istanbul%29.jpg", "description": "Ur-Nammu tablet" }, ], translation_sources=[ {"url": "https://www.ancient.eu/article/1000/the-ur-nammu-law-code/", "language": "en"}, ] ), AncientDocument( id="eshnunna", title="Laws of Eshnunna", alternate_titles=["Codex Eshnunna"], date_composed="-1930", language_original="akk", script="cuneiform", physical_location="Iraq Museum, Baghdad", provisions_count=60, topics=["prices", "wages", "family", "property", "slavery"], significance="Predates Hammurabi, shows Akkadian legal tradition", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Law_tablet_Eshnunna_Louvre_AO6676.jpg", "description": "Eshnunna law tablet" }, ], translation_sources=[] ), AncientDocument( id="twelve_tables", title="Twelve Tables", alternate_titles=["Law of the Twelve Tables", "Lex Duodecim Tabularum"], date_composed="-450", language_original="la", script="latin", physical_location="Original destroyed; reconstructed from citations", provisions_count=100, # approximate topics=["procedure", "family", "property", "inheritance", "crime"], significance="Foundation of Roman law, basis of Western legal tradition", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Twelve_Tables.jpg", "description": "Artistic reconstruction" }, ], translation_sources=[ {"url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/twelve_tables.asp", "language": "en"}, ] ), AncientDocument( id="magna_carta", title="Magna Carta", alternate_titles=["Great Charter", "Magna Carta Libertatum"], date_composed="1215", language_original="la", script="latin", physical_location="British Library / Salisbury Cathedral / Lincoln Castle", provisions_count=63, topics=["rights", "justice", "taxation", "church", "feudal"], significance="Foundation of constitutional law and individual rights", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg", "description": "British Library copy (Cotton MS Augustus II.106)" }, { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Magna_Carta_%28An_Emblematic_Picture%29.jpg", "description": "Emblematic picture" }, ], translation_sources=[ {"url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/magframe.asp", "language": "en"}, ] ), AncientDocument( id="draco", title="Draconian Constitution", alternate_titles=["Laws of Draco", "Draco's Code"], date_composed="-621", language_original="grc", script="greek", physical_location="Lost; known only from later sources", topics=["homicide", "punishment", "debt"], significance="First written Athenian laws; notoriously harsh", image_sources=[], # No original survives translation_sources=[] ), AncientDocument( id="solon", title="Laws of Solon", alternate_titles=["Solonian Constitution"], date_composed="-594", language_original="grc", script="greek", physical_location="Lost; known from citations", topics=["debt", "citizenship", "courts", "assembly"], significance="Reformed Draconian laws; foundation of Athenian democracy", image_sources=[], translation_sources=[] ), AncientDocument( id="hittite_laws", title="Hittite Laws", alternate_titles=["Code of the Nesilim"], date_composed="-1650", language_original="hit", script="cuneiform", physical_location="Various museums", provisions_count=200, topics=["homicide", "theft", "marriage", "land", "animals"], significance="Shows legal diversity in ancient Near East", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Hittite_law_code.jpg", "description": "Hittite law tablet" }, ], translation_sources=[] ), AncientDocument( id="manu", title="Laws of Manu", alternate_titles=["Manusmriti", "Manava-Dharmasastra"], date_composed="-200", language_original="sa", script="devanagari", physical_location="Various manuscripts", provisions_count=2685, # verses topics=["dharma", "caste", "ritual", "kingship", "punishment"], significance="Foundational Hindu legal text", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Manusmriti.jpg", "description": "Manusmriti manuscript page" }, ], translation_sources=[ {"url": "https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/manu.htm", "language": "en"}, ] ), AncientDocument( id="justinian_digest", title="Digest of Justinian", alternate_titles=["Pandects", "Digesta"], date_composed="533", language_original="la", script="latin", physical_location="Various manuscripts", provisions_count=9000, # excerpts topics=["persons", "property", "obligations", "succession", "procedure"], significance="Compilation of Roman legal writings; basis of civil law", image_sources=[ { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Corpus_Iuris_Civilis_02.jpg", "description": "Medieval manuscript" }, ], translation_sources=[] ), ] def download_image(url: str, save_path: Path, description: str = "") -> bool: """Download an image from URL""" try: headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (research bot - ancient document collection)"} response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=60, stream=True) response.raise_for_status() with open(save_path, 'wb') as f: for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192): f.write(chunk) logger.info(f" Downloaded: {save_path.name} ({description})") return True except Exception as e: logger.error(f" Failed to download {url}: {e}") return False def fetch_avalon_translation(url: str, save_path: Path) -> bool: """Fetch translation from Yale Avalon Project""" try: from bs4 import BeautifulSoup headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (research bot)"} response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=30) response.raise_for_status() soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser') # Extract main content (varies by page structure) content = soup.find('div', class_='document-content') if not content: content = soup.find('body') if content: text = content.get_text(separator='\n', strip=True) with open(save_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(text) logger.info(f" Saved translation: {save_path.name}") return True except Exception as e: logger.error(f" Failed to fetch translation from {url}: {e}") return False def fetch_document(doc: AncientDocument) -> Dict: """Fetch all available resources for a document""" logger.info(f"\n{'='*60}") logger.info(f"Fetching: {doc.title} ({doc.date_composed})") logger.info(f"{'='*60}") result = { "id": doc.id, "title": doc.title, "images_downloaded": [], "translations_downloaded": [], "errors": [] } # Create document directory for images doc_images_dir = IMAGES_DIR / doc.id doc_images_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True) # Download images for i, img_source in enumerate(doc.image_sources): url = img_source["url"] ext = url.split('.')[-1].split('?')[0][:4] # Get extension if ext not in ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'tif', 'tiff']: ext = 'jpg' filename = f"{doc.id}_{i+1:02d}.{ext}" save_path = doc_images_dir / filename if save_path.exists(): logger.info(f" Already exists: {filename}") result["images_downloaded"].append(filename) elif download_image(url, save_path, img_source.get("description", "")): result["images_downloaded"].append(filename) else: result["errors"].append(f"Failed: {url}") time.sleep(1) # Be polite # Fetch translations for trans_source in doc.translation_sources: url = trans_source["url"] lang = trans_source["language"] filename = f"{doc.id}_{lang}.txt" save_path = TRANSLATIONS_DIR / filename if save_path.exists(): logger.info(f" Already exists: {filename}") result["translations_downloaded"].append(filename) elif "avalon" in url: if fetch_avalon_translation(url, save_path): result["translations_downloaded"].append(filename) time.sleep(1) return result def save_metadata(): """Save document metadata to JSON""" metadata = { "dataset": "ancient-law", "version": "1.0.0", "documents": [asdict(doc) for doc in ANCIENT_DOCUMENTS] } metadata_path = BASE_DIR / "metadata.json" with open(metadata_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: json.dump(metadata, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) logger.info(f"\nSaved metadata to {metadata_path}") def main(): """Run the fetch process""" print("=" * 70) print("ANCIENT LAW DOCUMENT FETCHER") print("Collecting document images and translations for HuggingFace") print("=" * 70) results = [] for doc in ANCIENT_DOCUMENTS: result = fetch_document(doc) results.append(result) # Save metadata save_metadata() # Summary print("\n" + "=" * 70) print("FETCH COMPLETE") print("=" * 70) total_images = sum(len(r["images_downloaded"]) for r in results) total_translations = sum(len(r["translations_downloaded"]) for r in results) total_errors = sum(len(r["errors"]) for r in results) print(f"Documents processed: {len(results)}") print(f"Images downloaded: {total_images}") print(f"Translations saved: {total_translations}") print(f"Errors: {total_errors}") return results if __name__ == "__main__": main()