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57271f125951b619008f8635 | One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she te... | Sophocles demonstrated civil disobedience in a play that was called? | Antigone | [
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57273c195951b619008f8721 | In August 1999, ABC premiered a special series event, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title. Hosted throughout its ABC tenure by Regis Philbin, the program became a major ratings success throughout its initial summer run, which led ABC to renew Millionaire as a regula... | When did ABC first premiere Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? | August 1999 | [
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5728809f2ca10214002da40e | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What was the Chinese name of Gou's calendar? | 授時暦 | [
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572883a33acd2414000dfa7c | At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chines... | What types of work did the Han do in Central Asia? | artisans and farmers | [
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5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f | The capture of Warũhiũ Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure. Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. The operation effectively placed Nairobi... | When did Operation Anvil open? | 24 April 1954 | [
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5727502f708984140094dc0b | Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious so... | Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor did what? | identified change orders or project changes that increased costs | [
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5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a | The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas. For example, Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation.... | In what century was quantum mechanics made? | 20th | [
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57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e | Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Ke... | What denomination is the Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland affiliated with? | Anglican | [
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572914f46aef051400154a46 | With International Criminal Court trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip. Later in the summer, Kenyatta visited China at the invitation of Presiden... | What was the result of the 2007 election? | International Criminal Court trial dates | [
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572867543acd2414000df9a1 | There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago, as well as one co-ed community service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega. Four of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council. In 2002, th... | How many fraternities are apart of the university? | fifteen | [
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5727d9c43acd2414000dee17 | Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership... | Starting in what year has Harvard topped the Academic Rankings of World Universities? | 2003 | [
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572882242ca10214002da423 | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Who was Ögedei's wife? | Töregene Khatun | [
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5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870 | In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs,... | When less workers are required, what happens to the job market? | increasing unemployment | [
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57377083c3c5551400e51edf | A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances. For example, an object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the "spring reaction force... | What can scales and spring balances measure between two forces by using static equilibrium? | forces | [
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57281a952ca10214002d9dec | The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and ... | In what decades was Dudley Simpson most active in contributing to Doctor Who? | the 1960s and 1970s | [
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57377862c3c5551400e51ef6 | A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction. In such a situation, a force is applied in the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force. This results in zero net force, but since the object started with a non-z... | Who thought that applied force caused movement of an object regardless of non-zero velocity? | Aristotle | [
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5726dcbddd62a815002e9324 | In Japan, at the end of the Asuka period (538–710) and the early Nara period (710–794), the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected. The place of pharmacists in society was expressly defined in the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718). Ranked positions in th... | Where did the pharmacist stand in relation to the Emperor's personal physicians? | ranked above | [
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57272dd55951b619008f8699 | In 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring. At Deshun, the Tangut general Ma Jianlong put up a fierce resistance for several days and personally led char... | What weapon caused the wounds that killed Tangut general Ma Jianlong? | arrows | [
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57297d421d046914007794e6 | Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or "Monte Carlo") and deterministic algorithms. Deterministic algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not. For example, trial division is a deterministic algorithm because, if performed... | What is the name of one type of modern primality test? | probabilistic | [
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572774cf5951b619008f8a53 | The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985. After the ABC/Capital Cities merger was finalized on January 3, 1986, the combined company – which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. – added four television stations (WPVI-TV/Philadelphia, KTRK-TV/Houston, KFSN-TV/Fresno an... | After the Capital Cities - ABC merger, Frederick Pierce was named to what position? | president of ABC's broadcasting division | [
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57293e983f37b3190047818f | In 2001, 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change. The joint statement was made by the Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of Canada, the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, the Chin... | How much did the statement predict global surface temperature would increase by 2100? | between 1.4 and 5.8 °C above 1990 levels | [
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57274f67708984140094dbf6 | Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems. Underbids happen when builders ask for too little money to complete the project. Cash flow problems exist when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient f... | What is an underbid? | when builders ask for too little money to complete the project | [
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57286ead2ca10214002da346 | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | When was Dali conquered by the Yuan? | 1253 | [
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5730ec85e6313a140071cabc | The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium, which seeks to reconceive and promote Biblical holiness in today's Church. It is also active in the World Methodist Council, an interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley to promote the Gospel throughout the world.... | When did delegates to the World Methodist Council vote to adopt the joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification?" | July 18, 2006 | [
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5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d | The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue polic... | What does the TARDIS look like? | blue police box | [
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572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d | The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer (a former bay), while the Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the... | If two thirds of the Rhine flows through Waal, where does the other third flow through? | Pannerdens Kanaal | [
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572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1 | Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that gro... | What does a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest it's growth has done? | risen | [
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573792ee1c456719005744b9 | However, attempting to reconcile electromagnetic theory with two observations, the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome. Through the work of leading theoretical physicists, a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modific... | What was dificult to reconcile the photoelectric effect and the missing ultraviolet catastrophe? | electromagnetic theory | [
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572975073f37b31900478416 | Like mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy. The two photosystems capture light energy to energize electrons taken from water, and release them down an electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' en... | Where do chloroplasts pump hydrogen? | into the thylakoid space | [
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572843304b864d190016484c | In the 1890s, the University of Chicago, fearful that its vast resources would injure smaller schools by drawing away good students, affiliated with several regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shime... | In what year did the affiliate program end? | 1910 | [
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572744aff1498d1400e8f589 | New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology. In a form of additive building construction, similar to the additive manufacturing techniques for manufactured parts, building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial building... | Building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in what amount of time? | around 20 hours | [
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5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9 | An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty. There is much debate on this point, as some believe that it is a civil disobedient's duty to submit to the punishment prescribed by law, while others believe that defending oneself in court will increase the possibility of changing the unju... | What is an important personal decision for civil disobedients? | whether or not to plead guilty | [
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57296d571d04691400779417 | A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors, whereas 6 is composite because it ... | Why must one be excluded in order to preserve the uniqueness of the fundamental theorem? | because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization | [
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5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9 | The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson. Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties, exacerbated by Shirley's inexperience in managing large expeditions. In conjunction, Shirley was made aware that the French were massing ... | Whose activities were the French able to gain knowledge of? | British war plans | [
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5729081d3f37b31900477faf | Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes. During the acute phase of inflammation, partic... | What is a regulatory factor produced by macrophages? | interleukin 1 | [
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5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49 | Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects. However, in real life, matter has extended structure and forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object. For situations whe... | In what kind of fluid are pressure differences caused by direction of forces over gradients? | extended | [
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5727da564b864d1900163e8f | The Harvard Crimson competes in 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry with Yale University culminating in The Game, although the Harvard–Yale Regatta predates the football game. This rivalry, though, is put aside every two years when the Harvard and Yale Tr... | What is Harvard's most intense rival? | Yale University | [
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57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a | In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies. The Rhine bridge at Arnhem, immortalized in the book, A Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of... | What bridge did the Germans fail to demolish? | Ludendorff Bridge | [
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... |
572953013f37b31900478250 | Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide ... | What is the process of turning CO2 into organic molecules called? | Calvin cycle | [
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57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2 | On September 3, 1958, the Disneyland anthology series was retitled Walt Disney Presents as it became disassociated with the theme park of the same name. The movement in westerns, which ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959, at which point ... | Why did CBS turn down the pitch for The Untouchables? | its use of violence | [
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572739a75951b619008f86f9 | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | Who is an example of a sedentary people who were not favored by the laws of the Mongol Empire? | Chinese | [
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57281ab63acd2414000df497 | Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new pu... | Jacksonville began to suffer and decline after what major world event? | World War II | [
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... |
57379a4b1c456719005744cf | The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93 The normal force, for exam... | What causes Pauli repulsion? | fermionic nature of electrons | [
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5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e | Methodist institutions may be named after a biblical figure (e.g., "St. James UMC"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith and look to these prominent saints as providing examples of holy living and commitment to Christ that are worthy of imitation (see 1 Corinthians 11:1). Such exemp... | Who is Methodism's revered founder? | John Wesley | [
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... |
572ffee1947a6a140053cf17 | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | Who was Iqbal a critic of? | mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress | [
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572941273f37b319004781ae | Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson has said "The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. That is worrying. The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened". Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been c... | What direction did Watson say the mistake went in? | making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact | [
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... |
5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c | While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were ... | Why might customers order from internet pharmacies? | to avoid the "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe | [
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... |
572748745951b619008f87b1 | In the spring of 1975, Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman to become the first president and director of programming of the independent television production subsidiary ABC Entertainment, created from the network's namesake programming division. In 1974, ABC premiered ... | Who was the President of ABC television in 1976? | Fred Pierce | [
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57300137b2c2fd140056871a | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Where did Maududi exert the most impact? | writing | [
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... |
572970c11d04691400779463 | There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes, that is to say, the statistical behaviour of primes in the large, can be modelled. The first result in that direction is t... | How many prime numbers exist? | infinitely many | [
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57281940ff5b5019007d9d46 | In the 1910s, New York–based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established, earning Jacksonville the title of "Winter Film Capital of the World". However, the emergence ... | Jacksonville's popularity for films earned it what title? | Winter Film Capital of the World | [
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5729fd111d046914007796a6 | Unlike animals, plants lack phagocytic cells, but many plant immune responses involve systemic chemical signals that are sent through a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs. When a part of a plant becomes infected, the plan... | Plant cells respond to the molecules associated with pathogens known as what? | Pathogen-associated molecular patterns | [
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5730131c947a6a140053d056 | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | Who has the Islamic Liberation Party attempted to assassinate? | political figures | [
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573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2 | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | European imperialism was focused on what? | economic growth | [
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5729779b6aef051400154f66 | If angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts. An etioplast is a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations that form a lattice of tubes in their stroma, called a prolamellar bo... | What plants don't need light to make chloroplasts? | Gymnosperms | [
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5730285a04bcaa1900d77271 | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | What were the national elections in 1991 canceled by? | a military coup d'état | [
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57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707 | In 1965, the corporate entity, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies, while its cinema division became ABC Theatres;[citation needed] its recording division was renamed ABC Records in 1966. In December of that year, the ABC television network premiered The Dating ... | What was the name of the blind date concept program debuted by ABC in 1966? | The Dating Game | [
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5729f24baf94a219006aa6df | Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth. As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capita... | What does a country acquire as it develops? | more capital | [
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57274e0d708984140094dbe6 | The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, ... | Even in large firms, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what? | entirely separate companies | [
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... |
572820512ca10214002d9e73 | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States; of this, 86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km2) is water. Jacksonville surrounds the town... | What river separates Jacksonville? | St. Johns River | [
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572742daf1498d1400e8f551 | In July 1968, ABC Radio launched a special programming project for its FM stations, which was spearheaded by Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal to develop a format to compete with the new progressive rock and DJ-helmed stations. The new conce... | Who was the ABC Radio president in 1968? | Harold L. Neal | [
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572a07a86aef0514001551d6 | In recent years the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality. Creating an index of "Health and Social Problems" from nine factors, authors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found health and social problems "more common in countries with bigger income inequalit... | What does child well-being in rich countries correlate most to? | greater equality | [
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57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b | The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and ... | There are other categories for what? | construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers | [
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... |
57302a3aa23a5019007fced1 | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | The Taliban was so different from other moments that they could be more accurately described as being what? | neofundamentalist | [
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5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3 | As a result, by 1206 Temüjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes under his rule. It was a monumental feat for the "Mongols" (as they became known collectively). At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs, Temüjin was acknowledged as... | What title was given to Genghis Khan posthumously? | Khagan | [
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572fad30a23a5019007fc86e | During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following "It's Scotland's oil" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should. Th... | What campaigh did the Scottish National Party (SNP) run? | "It's Scotland's oil" | [
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572732f8f1498d1400e8f477 | Years before his death, Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia and presumably to his birthplace in Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River and the Burkhan Khaldun mountain (part of ... | What memorial was built years after Genghis Khan's death and burial? | The Genghis Khan Mausoleum | [
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572a06af3f37b31900478669 | Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants, and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic i... | What cell type is also used for immune response in most types of invertebrate life? | phagocytic cells | [
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5730d597f6cb411900e244d6 | At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as "provisional elder" or "provisional deacon" for those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders. The provisional elder/deacon is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a ful... | In what year was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished? | 1996 | [
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572a019f3f37b31900478646 | The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses. Therefore, pathogens evolved several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system. Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the barri... | The success of pathogens is predicated on their ability to do what? | elude host immune responses | [
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57274971708984140094dbbb | Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance. These schools are typically view... | Along with the Anglican Church and Uniting Church, what religious denomination operates private schools in Australia? | Presbyterian Church | [
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572a0a686aef0514001551ee | Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "ce... | Under Elie Metchnikoff's cellular theory, what cells were responsible for immune response? | phagocytes | [
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57273ef15951b619008f8752 | On May 1, 1953, ABC's New York City flagship stations – WJZ, WJZ-FM and WJZ-TV – changed their respective callsigns to WABC, WABC-FM and WABC-TV, and moved their operations to facilities at 7 West 66th Street, one block away from Central Park. The WABC call letters were previously used by the flagship station of CBS Ra... | Where did the ABC New York flagship stations move their facilities to in 1953? | 7 West 66th Street | [
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{
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57292994af94a219006aa133 | In the motor rallying arena, Kenya is home to the world famous Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world. It was a part of the World Rally Championship for many years until its exclusion after the 2002 event owing to financial difficulties. Some of the best rally drivers in the wor... | Who are some of the best rally drivers that have won the rally? | Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae | [
{
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"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency"... |
572f59b4a23a5019007fc589 | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | What is the Island off of the German shore of the Rhine that this warm and cold water meet? | Lindau | [
{
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"prediction": "Where does the flow of the Rhine water reappear on the surface of the lake?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer... |
5730a97a396df9190009625c | On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller) and The Methodist Church (represented by Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke) joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas. With the words, "Lord of the Church, ... | Who was one man who joined hands and said"Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee...?" | Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke | [
{
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"prediction": "Who represented The Methodist Church at the constituting General Conference in 1968?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
... |
572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b | The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle, which reflects the desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members. There are 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Offic... | What is the seating arrangement of the debating chamber? | hemicycle | [
{
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"prediction": "How is the seating arranged in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"an... |
5727f16c3acd2414000df05b | In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting s... | What did Standard & Poor recommend to speed economy recovery? | increasing access to education | [
{
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"prediction": "What did economists with Standard & Poor's recommend to remedy the wealth gap in the United States?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewsh... |
572996c73f37b319004784b5 | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | How many bits are often in the primes used for RSA public key cryptography algorithms? | 512 | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
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"prediction": "What is the typical size of prime numbers used in RSA encryption?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consisten... |
5727e8424b864d1900163fc0 | According to PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined." According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent". Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have becom... | How many Americans are richer than more than half of all citizens? | 400 | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"conciseness": 1.3333,
"consistency": 3,
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"prediction": "How many Americans make up the top 400 richest individuals in the country?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"an... |
5729293d3f37b319004780a2 | Kenya has been a dominant force in women's volleyball within Africa, with both the clubs and the national team winning various continental championships in the past decade.[citation needed] The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket is another popular ... | Who is the current captian of the cricket team? | Rakep Patel | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"prediction": "Who is the current captain of the Kenyan cricket team?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
... |
57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4 | The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB) and Grand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM and WOTV), with an analogous situation arising in Kansas City, Missouri (KMBC-TV and KQTV). KQTV is licensed to St. Joseph, Missour... | What are the two ABC affiliates for Tampa, Florida? | WFTS-TV and WWSB | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"conciseness": 3,
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"prediction": "Which two stations serve the same market in Tampa, Florida?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 1... |
5729729a1d0469140077948f | Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts—the chloroplasts, or more specifically, the chlorophyll in them are what make the photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells, though chloroplas... | What is a chlorenchyma cell? | A plant cell which contains chloroplasts | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What is a chlorenchyma cell?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"... |
572a02483f37b3190047864b | In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: "self" constituents (constituents of the body) do not t... | Who formulated the idea of clonal selection theory of immunity? | Frank Burnet | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "Who formulated the clonal selection theory of immunity?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
... |
572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9 | The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers ... | How much does the Rhine discharge at the Dutch border? | 2,290 m3/s | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
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"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What is the annual mean discharge of the Rhine near the Dutch border?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consi... |
5726f2375951b619008f830f | Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science. Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies. As a practice area and speci... | What two things does pharmacy informatics bring together? | pharmacy practice science and applied information science | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What two fields are combined in pharmacy informatics?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
... |
572975a3af94a219006aa467 | The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules. The result is unstable six-carbon molecules that immediately break down into three-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA. The ATP and NADPH made in the light reactions is used to co... | What do unstable 6-carbon molecules become? | three-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglyceric acid | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What are the three-carbon molecules called that are produced in the Calvin cycle?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"... |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75 | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | When was the the second German empire founded? | after the Franco-German War | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "When did Prussia unify the other German states into the second German Empire?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answ... |
5733f1784776f41900661575 | Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point, where in the early months of 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the sam... | How many men did Duquesne send to relieve Saint-Pierre? | 40 | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "How many men did Dinwiddie send to begin construction of the fort?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consiste... |
5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6 | Throughout the centuries, the Kenyan Coast has played host to many merchants and explorers. Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi. It has remained an important Swahili settlement since the 14th century and once rivalled Mombasa for dominance in the African Great Lakes region. Malindi has tr... | What is an important Swahili settlement along the coast? | City of Malindi | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"prediction": "Which city in Kenya welcomed the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer... |
57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | When was the Rhine crisis? | 1840 | [
{
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"answerability": 3,
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"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "When did the Rhine crisis occur?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
... |
5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca | As Jamukha and Temüjin drifted apart in their friendship, each began consolidating power, and soon became rivals. Jamukha supported the traditional Mongolian aristocracy, while Temüjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers. Due to his earlier defeat of the Merki... | Who did Jamukha support that were not part of Temüjin's power base? | the traditional Mongolian aristocracy | [
{
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"consistency": 3,
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"prediction": "Who did Jamukha support during his rivalry with Temüjin?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
... |
5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c | Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council (usually consisting of church bishops). One of the most high profile decisions in recent years by one of the councils was a decision by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction which in March 2007 approved a 99-year lease of 36 acr... | Who makes decisions in between the four-year meetings? | Mission Council | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
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"prediction": "Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings of the church?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consis... |
5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33 | Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963. It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year. The head of dr... | What creatures were the most popular monsters in the series? | The Daleks (a.k.a. The Mutants) | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
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"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What was the second Doctor Who serial called?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answera... |
572837402ca10214002da0f4 | Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio pla... | When was Doctor Who created? | the early 1960s | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "When was the Doctor Who character created by BBC Television?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consistency": ... |
57281bb84b864d190016449a | Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and building code enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended that the ci... | What was the cause for the issues with city funding? | Much of the city's tax base dissipated | [
{
"answer_consistency": 1,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What were some of the consequences of the city's tax base dissipating?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_cons... |
5726edecdd62a815002e957f | Of particular concern with Internet pharmacies is the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances (e.g., Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many... | What conditions must be met for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid? | it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What are the requirements for a prescription to be valid for a controlled substance in the United States?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo... |
5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60 | The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network date back to the 1950s, after Leonard Goldenson, following the United Paramount Theatres model, tried to use on ABC the same strategies he had made in expanding UPT's theater operation to the international market. Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first ... | Why was CBS unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II? | technical problems and flight delays | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What were the reasons that CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II live?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fe... |
5728e5224b864d1900165035 | Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau writes, "There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience, which, even if they were widely practiced, would in themselves constitute hardly more than a nuisance (e.g. trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Su... | What type of goals are usually done skirting the law? | social goal | [
{
"answer_consistency": 2,
"answerability": 2.6667,
"clarity": 2.6667,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What is the purpose of some civil disobedient acts that are considered a nuisance?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
}... |
572917ff6aef051400154a5f | Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism. The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence and by the late 1980s had become the country's principal source of foreign exchange. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are... | What is the service sector dominated by? | tourism | [
{
"answer_consistency": 3,
"answerability": 3,
"clarity": 3,
"conciseness": 3,
"consistency": 3,
"fluency": 3,
"prediction": "What is the largest contributor to Kenya's foreign exchange earnings?",
"relevance": 3,
"source": "SQuAD_GPT-3.5-turbo_fewshot"
},
{
"answer_consi... |
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