#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Mass_models.py Grouped-CV training with calibration & thresholding on tRNA profiles.
# Supports:
#   - train_mode: supervised / pu / both
#   - weight_mode: normal / weighted / both
#   - models: RF / XGB / ET (ExtraTrees)
#   - metrics: F1 / PR_AUC / FB
#
# Input: ndjson train/test with 64-log + GC + tetra_norm (full row from ndjson).
# Labels: positives are assemblies present in Supp2 (NOT treated as certain ALT, only candidates).
# Weighted mode: assigns confidence weights ONLY to Supp2 genomes using Supp1 expected vs inferred,
# with gentle GC gating.
#
# NEW FIXES:
#   - Proper sample_weight routing into sklearn Pipeline: clf__sample_weight
#   - PU classifier marked as classifier for sklearn calibration (_estimator_type + classifier tags)
#   - Optional calibration auto-disabled for PU by default (still possible with --force_calibration_pu)
#   - Skip already-trained model variants based on existing artifacts in results_models/
#   - Crash-safe: each run saved immediately, and metrics_summary.csv updated after each run
#
# NOTE:
#   - For PU, calibration can be extremely expensive (cv * n_bags refits). Default: off for PU unless forced.

import argparse, json, os, re, time, glob
from pathlib import Path
from collections import Counter

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedGroupKFold
from sklearn.metrics import (
    f1_score, confusion_matrix, accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score,
    fbeta_score, roc_auc_score, average_precision_score, precision_recall_curve
)
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, ExtraTreesClassifier
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.calibration import CalibratedClassifierCV
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, ClassifierMixin, clone

import joblib

try:
    from xgboost import XGBClassifier
    _HAS_XGB = True
except Exception:
    _HAS_XGB = False

import optuna
from optuna.pruners import MedianPruner

ANTICODONS64 = [a+b+c for a in "ACGT" for b in "ACGT" for c in "ACGT"]
TETRA_KEYS   = [a+b+c+d for a in "ACGT" for b in "ACGT" for c in "ACGT" for d in "ACGT"]

AA_SET = set(list("ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY"))
STAR = "*"
QMARK = "?"

# =========================
# Helpers: crash-safe fit with sample_weight
# =========================
def fit_pipeline(model, X, y, sample_weight=None):
    """
    Fit helper that correctly routes sample_weight into Pipeline
    (to the 'clf' step) and also supports plain estimators.
    """
    if sample_weight is None:
        return model.fit(X, y)

    sw = np.asarray(sample_weight)

    # sklearn Pipeline cannot accept sample_weight directly
    if isinstance(model, Pipeline):
        return model.fit(X, y, clf__sample_weight=sw)

    # many estimators accept sample_weight directly
    try:
        return model.fit(X, y, sample_weight=sw)
    except TypeError:
        return model.fit(X, y)

# =========================
# PU Bagging Meta-Estimator
# =========================
class PUBaggingClassifier(BaseEstimator, ClassifierMixin):
    """
    PU-learning via bagging:
      - y==1: positives (P)  [assemblies from Supp2]
      - y==0: unlabeled (U)  [everything else]
    For each bag:
      - train on all P + sampled subset of U as pseudo-negative
    predict_proba: average over bags.

    sklearn calibration fix:
      - _estimator_type='classifier'
      - get tags / is_classifier compatibility
    """
    _estimator_type = "classifier"

    def __init__(self, base_estimator, n_bags=15, u_ratio=3.0, random_state=42):
        self.base_estimator = base_estimator
        self.n_bags = int(n_bags)
        self.u_ratio = float(u_ratio)
        self.random_state = int(random_state)
        self.models_ = None
        self.classes_ = np.array([0, 1], dtype=int)

    def _more_tags(self):
        # Helps sklearn treat this as classifier with predict_proba.
        return {"requires_y": True, "binary_only": True}

    def fit(self, X, y, sample_weight=None):
        y = np.asarray(y).astype(int)
        self.classes_ = np.array([0, 1], dtype=int)

        pos_idx = np.where(y == 1)[0]
        unl_idx = np.where(y == 0)[0]

        if pos_idx.size == 0:
            raise ValueError("PU training requires at least one positive sample (y==1).")

        rng = np.random.RandomState(self.random_state)
        self.models_ = []

        # if no unlabeled, just fit once
        if unl_idx.size == 0:
            m = clone(self.base_estimator)
            fit_pipeline(m, X, y, sample_weight)
            self.models_.append(m)
            return self

        k_u = int(min(unl_idx.size, max(1, round(self.u_ratio * pos_idx.size))))

        for _ in range(self.n_bags):
            if k_u <= unl_idx.size:
                u_b = rng.choice(unl_idx, size=k_u, replace=False)
            else:
                u_b = rng.choice(unl_idx, size=k_u, replace=True)

            idx_b = np.concatenate([pos_idx, u_b])

            X_b = X.iloc[idx_b] if hasattr(X, "iloc") else X[idx_b]
            y_b = y[idx_b]

            sw_b = None
            if sample_weight is not None:
                sw_b = np.asarray(sample_weight)[idx_b]

            m = clone(self.base_estimator)
            fit_pipeline(m, X_b, y_b, sw_b)
            self.models_.append(m)

        return self

    def predict_proba(self, X):
        if not self.models_:
            raise RuntimeError("PUBaggingClassifier not fitted")
        probs = [m.predict_proba(X) for m in self.models_]
        return np.mean(np.stack(probs, axis=0), axis=0)

    def predict(self, X):
        return (self.predict_proba(X)[:, 1] >= 0.5).astype(int)

# =========================
# Helpers: IDs, NDJSON features
# =========================
def extract_acc_base(acc: str) -> str:
    m = re.match(r'^(G[CF]A_\d+)', str(acc))
    return m.group(1) if m else str(acc).split('.')[0]

def load_alt_list_from_supp2(supp2_xlsx: str) -> set:
    df = pd.read_excel(supp2_xlsx, header=None, usecols=[3])
    alt = df.iloc[:, 0].dropna().astype(str).unique().tolist()
    return set(extract_acc_base(x) for x in alt)

def label_from_supp2(meta: pd.DataFrame, supp2_xlsx: str) -> pd.Series:
    alt = load_alt_list_from_supp2(supp2_xlsx)
    return meta["acc_base"].map(lambda a: 1 if a in alt else 0).astype(int)

def parse_anticodon_from_label(label_tail: str) -> str:
    if "_" in label_tail:
        return label_tail.split("_", 1)[1].upper().replace("U","T")
    return label_tail.upper().replace("U","T")

def build_vec64_from_record(rec: dict) -> np.ndarray:
    counter = Counter()
    for t in rec.get("trna_type_per_acc", []):
        c = int(t.get("count", 0) or 0)
        tail = str(t.get("label", "")).split("_genome_")[-1]
        ac = parse_anticodon_from_label(tail)
        if len(ac) == 3 and set(ac) <= {"A","C","G","T"}:
            counter[ac] += c
    return np.array([counter.get(k, 0) for k in ANTICODONS64], dtype=float)

def build_feature_matrices(ndjson_path: str, include_gc_len_tetra: bool = True):
    rows = []
    with open(ndjson_path, "r") as fh:
        for line in fh:
            line = line.strip()
            if not line:
                continue
            try:
                rows.append(json.loads(line))
            except Exception:
                continue

    feat_rows, meta_rows = [], []
    for rec in rows:
        acc = rec.get("acc")
        if not acc:
            continue
        acc_base = extract_acc_base(acc)
        gc = rec.get("gc", {})
        tetra = rec.get("tetra_norm", {})

        v64 = build_vec64_from_record(rec)
        vals = np.log1p(v64)
        cols = [f"ac_{k}" for k in ANTICODONS64]
        trna_dict = {c: float(v) for c, v in zip(cols, vals)}

        extra = {}
        if include_gc_len_tetra:
            extra["gc_percent"] = float(gc.get("percent", np.nan))
            extra["genome_length"] = int(gc.get("length", 0) or 0)
            for k in TETRA_KEYS:
                extra[f"tetra_{k}"] = float(tetra.get(k, np.nan))

        feat_rows.append({**trna_dict, **extra})
        meta_rows.append({"acc": acc, "acc_base": acc_base})

    X = pd.DataFrame(feat_rows)
    meta = pd.DataFrame(meta_rows)
    return X, meta

def _count_lines(path: Path) -> int:
    try:
        return sum(1 for _ in open(path, 'r'))
    except Exception:
        return -1

def _load_train_test(path_str: str, supp2_path: str):
    p = Path(path_str)
    if not p.is_dir():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"--ndjson must be a directory containing train.jsonl and test.jsonl: {p}")
    tr = p / "train.jsonl"
    te = p / "test.jsonl"
    if not tr.exists() or not te.exists():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"{p} must contain train.jsonl and test.jsonl")

    print(f"[LOAD] train: {tr} (lines≈{_count_lines(tr)})")
    Xtr, mtr = build_feature_matrices(str(tr), True)
    print(f"[LOAD]  test: {te} (lines≈{_count_lines(te)})")
    Xte, mte = build_feature_matrices(str(te), True)

    ytr = label_from_supp2(mtr, supp2_path)  # P=1 (Supp2), U=0 otherwise
    yte = label_from_supp2(mte, supp2_path)

    gtr = mtr["acc_base"].tolist()
    gte = mte["acc_base"].tolist()
    return Xtr, ytr, gtr, mtr, Xte, yte, gte, mte

def make_preprocess_pipeline(X: pd.DataFrame) -> ColumnTransformer:
    num_cols = list(X.columns)
    pre_num = Pipeline([
        ("imputer", SimpleImputer(strategy="median")),
        ("scaler", StandardScaler(with_mean=True, with_std=True))
    ])
    return ColumnTransformer(
        [("num", pre_num, num_cols)],
        remainder="drop",
        verbose_feature_names_out=False
    )

# =========================
# Supp1 parsing -> weights for Supp2 only
# =========================
def _norm_code_str(x) -> str:
    if pd.isna(x):
        return ""
    return str(x).replace(",", "").replace(" ", "").strip().upper()

def _analyze_expected_inferred(expected: str, inferred: str):
    """
    Return counts:
      aa_aa: AA<->AA different
      aa_q : AA<->?
      stop_aa: *<->AA
      stop_q : *<->?
      total_q: positions with '?' in either string
      valid: both length 64
    """
    e = _norm_code_str(expected)
    i = _norm_code_str(inferred)
    if len(e) != 64 or len(i) != 64:
        return dict(valid=False, aa_aa=0, aa_q=0, stop_aa=0, stop_q=0, total_q=0)

    aa_aa = aa_q = stop_aa = stop_q = total_q = 0

    for a, b in zip(e, i):
        if a == QMARK or b == QMARK:
            total_q += 1

        if a == b:
            continue

        a_is_aa = a in AA_SET
        b_is_aa = b in AA_SET
        a_is_q  = a == QMARK
        b_is_q  = b == QMARK
        a_is_s  = a == STAR
        b_is_s  = b == STAR

        if a_is_aa and b_is_aa:
            aa_aa += 1
        elif (a_is_aa and b_is_q) or (a_is_q and b_is_aa):
            aa_q += 1
        elif (a_is_s and b_is_aa) or (a_is_aa and b_is_s):
            stop_aa += 1
        elif (a_is_s and b_is_q) or (a_is_q and b_is_s):
            stop_q += 1
        else:
            pass

    return dict(valid=True, aa_aa=aa_aa, aa_q=aa_q, stop_aa=stop_aa, stop_q=stop_q, total_q=total_q)

def load_supp1_code_map(supp1_csv: str):
    """
    Returns dict base_assembly -> (expected_str, inferred_str)
    Uses columns:
      - assembly
      - expected genetic code
      - Codetta inferred genetic code
    """
    df = pd.read_csv(supp1_csv)
    cols = {c.lower(): c for c in df.columns}

    def pick(key_sub):
        for k in cols:
            if k == key_sub:
                return cols[k]
        for k in cols:
            if key_sub in k:
                return cols[k]
        return None

    asm_col = pick("assembly")
    exp_col = pick("expected genetic code")
    inf_col = pick("codetta inferred genetic code")

    if not (asm_col and exp_col and inf_col):
        raise ValueError(f"[ERROR] Supp1.csv missing required columns. Found: {list(df.columns)}")

    out = {}
    for _, row in df.iterrows():
        asm = str(row[asm_col])
        base = extract_acc_base(asm)
        out[base] = (row[exp_col], row[inf_col])
    return out

def gentle_gc_penalty(gc_val, gc_median, gc_iqr):
    """
    Very gentle penalty: near 1.0 for most of the range.
    Uses robust z = |gc - median| / IQR.
    Returns in [0.90, 1.00] (delicate gating).
    """
    if not np.isfinite(gc_val) or gc_iqr <= 1e-9 or not np.isfinite(gc_median):
        return 1.0
    z = abs(float(gc_val) - float(gc_median)) / float(gc_iqr)
    pen = float(np.exp(-0.08 * z))
    return float(min(1.0, max(0.90, pen)))

def weight_for_supp2_genome(base, gc_percent, supp1_map, gc_median, gc_iqr):
    """
    Weight only for genomes in Supp2:
      - STOP<->AA => very confident ALT signal (1.0)
      - AA<->AA => confident, but apply gentle GC penalty (close to 1.0)
      - STOP<->? treated like AA<->AA (your requirement)
      - AA<->? => less confident (downweights with total_q)
    If Supp1 missing or invalid: return 0.85 (still candidate but less trusted)
    """
    if base not in supp1_map:
        return 0.85

    exp, inf = supp1_map[base]
    a = _analyze_expected_inferred(exp, inf)
    if not a["valid"]:
        return 0.85

    aa_aa = a["aa_aa"]
    aa_q = a["aa_q"]
    stop_aa = a["stop_aa"]
    stop_q = a["stop_q"]
    total_q = a["total_q"]

    gc_pen = gentle_gc_penalty(gc_percent, gc_median, gc_iqr)

    if stop_aa > 0:
        w = 1.00 * gc_pen
        return float(max(0.90, min(1.00, w)))

    # treat STOP<->? like AA<->AA
    aa_like = aa_aa + stop_q

    if aa_like > 0 and aa_q == 0:
        w = 0.98 * gc_pen
        return float(max(0.90, min(1.00, w)))

    if aa_like > 0 and aa_q > 0:
        w = 0.95 * (0.97 ** max(total_q, 0)) * gc_pen
        return float(max(0.75, min(0.98, w)))

    if aa_like == 0 and aa_q > 0:
        w = 0.70 * (0.95 ** max(total_q, 0)) * gc_pen
        return float(max(0.35, min(0.75, w)))

    w = 0.80 * gc_pen
    return float(max(0.50, min(0.90, w)))

def build_sample_weights_for_dataset(meta_df, X_df, y_series, supp2_set, supp1_map):
    """
    Returns np.array weights (len == n_samples).
    Only genomes in Supp2 get graded weights; others -> 1.0.
    """
    gc_vals = X_df["gc_percent"].astype(float).values if "gc_percent" in X_df.columns else np.full(len(X_df), np.nan)

    gc_clean = gc_vals[np.isfinite(gc_vals)]
    if gc_clean.size >= 10:
        gc_median = float(np.median(gc_clean))
        q1 = float(np.quantile(gc_clean, 0.25))
        q3 = float(np.quantile(gc_clean, 0.75))
        gc_iqr = float(max(1e-6, q3 - q1))
    else:
        gc_median, gc_iqr = float("nan"), 1.0

    weights = np.ones(len(X_df), dtype=float)
    bases = meta_df["acc_base"].astype(str).tolist()

    for i, base in enumerate(bases):
        if base in supp2_set:
            gc = gc_vals[i]
            weights[i] = weight_for_supp2_genome(base, gc, supp1_map, gc_median, gc_iqr)
        else:
            weights[i] = 1.0
    return weights

# =========================
# Metrics utilities
# =========================
def metrics_from_pred(y_true, y_pred, y_proba=None):
    y_true = np.asarray(y_true); y_pred = np.asarray(y_pred)
    cm = confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred, labels=[0,1])
    tn, fp, fn, tp = int(cm[0,0]), int(cm[0,1]), int(cm[1,0]), int(cm[1,1])
    row = dict(tn=tn, fp=fp, fn=fn, tp=tp)
    row["n"] = int(len(y_true)); row["positives"] = int(y_true.sum())
    row["accuracy"] = float(accuracy_score(y_true, y_pred))
    row["precision"] = float(precision_score(y_true, y_pred, pos_label=1, zero_division=0))
    row["recall"] = float(recall_score(y_true, y_pred, pos_label=1, zero_division=0))
    row["specificity"] = float(tn / (tn + fp)) if (tn + fp) > 0 else 0.0
    row["f1"] = float(f1_score(y_true, y_pred, pos_label=1, zero_division=0))
    if y_proba is not None and not np.isnan(y_proba).all():
        try: row["roc_auc"] = float(roc_auc_score(y_true, y_proba))
        except Exception: row["roc_auc"] = float("nan")
        try: row["pr_auc"] = float(average_precision_score(y_true, y_proba))
        except Exception: row["pr_auc"] = float("nan")
    else:
        row["roc_auc"] = float("nan"); row["pr_auc"] = float("nan")
    return row

def best_threshold_f1(y_true, y_score):
    p, r, t = precision_recall_curve(y_true, y_score)
    f1 = (2*p*r) / np.maximum(p+r, 1e-12)
    idx = int(np.nanargmax(f1))
    return float(t[max(0, idx-1)]) if idx == len(t) else float(t[idx])

def best_threshold_fbeta(y_true, y_score, beta=2.0):
    p, r, t = precision_recall_curve(y_true, y_score)
    if t.size == 0:
        return float(np.median(y_score))
    p = p[1:].astype(float)
    r = r[1:].astype(float)
    t = t.astype(float)
    valid = np.isfinite(p) & np.isfinite(r) & np.isfinite(t)
    p, r, t = p[valid], r[valid], t[valid]
    if t.size == 0:
        return float(np.median(y_score))
    fbeta_vals = (1.0 + beta**2) * p * r / np.maximum(beta**2 * p + r, 1e-12)
    j = int(np.nanargmax(fbeta_vals))
    return float(t[j])

# =========================
# Optuna objective
# =========================
def make_objective(model_type: str,
                   train_mode: str,
                   X: pd.DataFrame, y: pd.Series, groups,
                   metric_obj: str,
                   n_splits: int, seed: int, threads: int,
                   pu_bags: int, pu_u_ratio: float,
                   fb_beta: float,
                   sample_weight: np.ndarray | None):
    sgkf = StratifiedGroupKFold(n_splits=n_splits, shuffle=True, random_state=seed)
    pre = make_preprocess_pipeline(X)

    def build_base_estimator(trial):
        if model_type == "RF":
            params = dict(
                n_estimators = trial.suggest_int("n_estimators", 400, 1400),
                max_depth    = trial.suggest_int("max_depth", 6, 16),
                min_samples_split = trial.suggest_int("min_samples_split", 2, 20),
                min_samples_leaf  = trial.suggest_int("min_samples_leaf", 2, 12),
                max_features = trial.suggest_categorical("max_features", ["sqrt"]),
                class_weight = trial.suggest_categorical("class_weight", [None, "balanced", "balanced_subsample"]),
                n_jobs = threads,
                random_state = seed,
            )
            return RandomForestClassifier(**params)

        if model_type == "ET":
            params = dict(
                n_estimators = trial.suggest_int("n_estimators", 600, 2000),
                max_depth    = trial.suggest_int("max_depth", 6, 18),
                min_samples_split = trial.suggest_int("min_samples_split", 2, 20),
                min_samples_leaf  = trial.suggest_int("min_samples_leaf", 2, 12),
                max_features = trial.suggest_categorical("max_features", ["sqrt"]),
                class_weight = trial.suggest_categorical("class_weight", [None, "balanced"]),
                n_jobs = threads,
                random_state = seed,
            )
            return ExtraTreesClassifier(**params)

        if not _HAS_XGB:
            raise RuntimeError("xgboost not installed")
        params = dict(
            n_estimators = trial.suggest_int("n_estimators", 400, 2000),
            max_depth    = trial.suggest_int("max_depth", 3, 9),
            learning_rate= trial.suggest_float("learning_rate", 1e-3, 0.15, log=True),
            subsample    = trial.suggest_float("subsample", 0.6, 1.0),
            colsample_bytree = trial.suggest_float("colsample_bytree", 0.5, 1.0),
            reg_alpha    = trial.suggest_float("reg_alpha", 1e-4, 10.0, log=True),
            reg_lambda   = trial.suggest_float("reg_lambda", 1e-3, 10.0, log=True),
            gamma        = trial.suggest_float("gamma", 0.0, 5.0),
            min_child_weight = trial.suggest_float("min_child_weight", 1e-3, 10.0, log=True),
            n_jobs = threads,
            random_state = seed,
            tree_method = trial.suggest_categorical("tree_method", ["hist", "approx"]),
            objective = "binary:logistic",
            eval_metric = "logloss",
        )
        return XGBClassifier(**params)

    def objective(trial):
        clf = build_base_estimator(trial)
        base_pipe = Pipeline([("pre", pre), ("clf", clf)])

        if train_mode == "pu":
            model = PUBaggingClassifier(
                base_estimator=base_pipe,
                n_bags=pu_bags,
                u_ratio=pu_u_ratio,
                random_state=seed
            )
        else:
            model = base_pipe

        y_true_all = []
        proba_all = []
        f_scores = []

        for tr_idx, va_idx in sgkf.split(X, y, groups):
            Xtr, Xva = X.iloc[tr_idx], X.iloc[va_idx]
            ytr, yva = y.iloc[tr_idx], y.iloc[va_idx]

            sw_tr = None
            if sample_weight is not None:
                sw_tr = np.asarray(sample_weight)[tr_idx]

            model_fold = clone(model)
            fit_pipeline(model_fold, Xtr, ytr, sw_tr)

            proba = model_fold.predict_proba(Xva)[:, 1]
            y_true_all.append(yva.values)
            proba_all.append(proba)

            if metric_obj == "F1":
                thr = best_threshold_f1(yva.values, proba)
                yhat = (proba >= thr).astype(int)
                f_scores.append(f1_score(yva.values, yhat, zero_division=0))

        y_true_all = np.concatenate(y_true_all)
        proba_all = np.concatenate(proba_all)

        if metric_obj == "F1":
            return float(np.mean(f_scores))
        if metric_obj == "PR_AUC":
            return float(average_precision_score(y_true_all, proba_all))
        if metric_obj == "FB":
            thr = best_threshold_fbeta(y_true_all, proba_all, beta=fb_beta)
            yhat = (proba_all >= thr).astype(int)
            return float(fbeta_score(y_true_all, yhat, beta=fb_beta, zero_division=0))

        raise ValueError("metric_obj must be one of: F1, PR_AUC, FB")

    return objective, pre

# =========================
# Fit best model + calibration + threshold + test metrics
# =========================
def fit_best_model(model_type: str,
                   train_mode: str,
                   weight_mode: str,
                   metric_obj: str,
                   X: pd.DataFrame, y: pd.Series, groups,
                   seed: int, timeout: int, n_trials: int, outdir: Path, tag: str,
                   X_test: pd.DataFrame = None, y_test: pd.Series = None,
                   threads: int = 1,
                   pu_bags: int = 15, pu_u_ratio: float = 3.0,
                   fb_beta: float = 2.0,
                   calibrate: bool = True,
                   sample_weight: np.ndarray | None = None,
                   cv_folds: int = 5):

    t0 = time.time()

    def _make_eta_cb(t0, timeout, n_trials):
        def _cb(study, trial):
            try:
                elapsed = time.time() - t0
                done = trial.number + 1
                avg = elapsed / max(1, done)
                rem_trials = max(0, (n_trials or 0) - done)
                eta_trials = rem_trials * avg if n_trials else float('inf')
                eta_timeout = max(0.0, (timeout or 0) - elapsed) if timeout else float('inf')
                eta = min(eta_trials, eta_timeout)
                print(f"[TRIAL] #{trial.number:03d} value={trial.value:.5f} | best={study.best_value:.5f} | elapsed={elapsed/60:.1f}m | ETA~{eta/60:.1f}m")
            except Exception:
                print(f"[TRIAL] #{trial.number:03d} done")
        return _cb

    study = optuna.create_study(
        direction="maximize",
        pruner=MedianPruner(n_startup_trials=8, n_warmup_steps=2),
        study_name=f"{model_type}_{train_mode}_{weight_mode}_{metric_obj}_{tag}"
    )

    objective, pre = make_objective(
        model_type=model_type,
        train_mode=train_mode,
        X=X, y=y, groups=groups,
        metric_obj=metric_obj,
        n_splits=cv_folds,
        seed=seed, threads=threads,
        pu_bags=pu_bags, pu_u_ratio=pu_u_ratio,
        fb_beta=fb_beta,
        sample_weight=sample_weight
    )

    study.optimize(
        objective,
        timeout=timeout,
        n_trials=n_trials,
        gc_after_trial=True,
        callbacks=[_make_eta_cb(t0, timeout, n_trials)]
    )

    best_params = dict(study.best_params)

    # rebuild best estimator
    if model_type == "RF":
        clf = RandomForestClassifier(**{**best_params, "n_jobs": threads, "random_state": seed})
    elif model_type == "ET":
        clf = ExtraTreesClassifier(**{**best_params, "n_jobs": threads, "random_state": seed})
    else:
        if not _HAS_XGB:
            raise RuntimeError("xgboost not installed")
        clf = XGBClassifier(**{
            **best_params,
            "n_jobs": threads,
            "random_state": seed,
            "objective": "binary:logistic",
            "eval_metric": "logloss",
        })

    base_pipe = Pipeline([("pre", pre), ("clf", clf)])

    if train_mode == "pu":
        model = PUBaggingClassifier(
            base_estimator=base_pipe,
            n_bags=pu_bags,
            u_ratio=pu_u_ratio,
            random_state=seed
        )
    else:
        model = base_pipe

    # fit final model (weighted or not)
    fit_pipeline(model, X, y, sample_weight)

    # optional calibration
    final_model = model
    if calibrate:
        # CalibratedClassifierCV will refit the estimator cv times; for PU this is heavy.
        try:
            calib = CalibratedClassifierCV(estimator=model, method="isotonic", cv=cv_folds)
        except TypeError:
            calib = CalibratedClassifierCV(base_estimator=model, method="isotonic", cv=cv_folds)

        # We avoid passing weights here for robustness across sklearn versions.
        calib.fit(X, y)
        final_model = calib

    # threshold selection on train
    proba_tr = final_model.predict_proba(X)[:, 1]
    if metric_obj == "F1":
        tau = best_threshold_f1(y.values, proba_tr)
    elif metric_obj == "FB":
        tau = best_threshold_fbeta(y.values, proba_tr, beta=fb_beta)
    else:
        tau = best_threshold_f1(y.values, proba_tr)

    yhat_tr = (proba_tr >= tau).astype(int)
    train_row = metrics_from_pred(y.values, yhat_tr, proba_tr)
    train_row = {f"train_{k}": v for k, v in train_row.items()}

    metrics = dict(
        threshold_used=float(tau),
        study_best=float(study.best_value),
        model_type=model_type,
        train_mode=train_mode,
        weight_mode=weight_mode,
        metric_obj=metric_obj,
        fb_beta=float(fb_beta),
        pu_bags=int(pu_bags),
        pu_u_ratio=float(pu_u_ratio),
        calibrated=bool(calibrate),
        **train_row
    )

    # test metrics (always)
    if X_test is not None and y_test is not None:
        X_te = X_test.reindex(columns=list(X.columns))
        proba_te = final_model.predict_proba(X_te)[:, 1]
        yhat_te = (proba_te >= tau).astype(int)
        test_row = metrics_from_pred(y_test.values, yhat_te, proba_te)
        metrics.update({f"test_{k}": v for k, v in test_row.items()})

    return final_model, best_params, metrics, study

# =========================
# Results folder detection / skipping already trained variants
# =========================
def model_run_id(model_type, train_mode, weight_mode, metric_obj, tag):
    return f"{model_type}_{train_mode}_{weight_mode}_{metric_obj}_{tag}"

def artifact_paths(results_dir: Path, run_id: str):
    return {
        "model":   results_dir / f"model_{run_id}.joblib",
        "params":  results_dir / f"best_params_{run_id}.json",
        "metrics": results_dir / f"metrics_{run_id}.json",
    }

def is_run_complete(results_dir: Path, run_id: str) -> bool:
    p = artifact_paths(results_dir, run_id)
    return p["model"].exists() and p["metrics"].exists() and p["params"].exists()

def load_existing_metrics(results_dir: Path) -> list:
    rows = []
    for mf in sorted(results_dir.glob("metrics_*.json")):
        try:
            d = json.loads(mf.read_text())
            rows.append(d)
        except Exception:
            continue
    return rows

def append_metrics_summary(results_dir: Path, rows: list):
    if not rows:
        return
    df = pd.DataFrame(rows)
    df.to_csv(results_dir / "metrics_summary.csv", index=False)

# =========================
# Main
# =========================
def main():
    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Train RF/XGB/ET with grouped CV. supervised + PU. normal + weighted.")
    ap.add_argument("--ndjson", required=True, help="Folder with train.jsonl and test.jsonl")
    ap.add_argument("--supp2", required=True, help="Supp2.xlsx (positives list for PU; label=1)")
    ap.add_argument("--supp1", required=False, default=None, help="Supp1.csv (for weighted grading of Supp2 genomes)")
    ap.add_argument("--outdir", required=True, help="Output directory root (will create results_models/)")

    ap.add_argument("--train_mode", choices=["supervised","pu","both"], default="both",
                    help="Training mode: classic supervised vs PU-bagging vs both")

    ap.add_argument("--weight_mode", choices=["normal","weighted","both"], default="both",
                    help="normal: all weights=1; weighted: grade only Supp2 genomes via Supp1 expected/inferred; both: run both")

    ap.add_argument("--model", choices=["RF","XGB","ET","all"], default="all",
                    help="Model(s): RF, XGB, ET (ExtraTrees baseline), or all")

    ap.add_argument("--metric", choices=["F1","PR_AUC","FB","all"], default="all",
                    help="Optuna objective metric")

    ap.add_argument("--fb_beta", type=float, default=2.0, help="Beta for F-beta metric (FB objective)")

    ap.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=3600, help="Optuna time budget per run (seconds)")
    ap.add_argument("--n_trials", type=int, default=60, help="Upper limit of trials if timeout not reached")
    ap.add_argument("--threads", type=int, default=0, help="Threads (0=auto cpu_count()-4)")
    ap.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="Random seed")

    ap.add_argument("--pu_bags", type=int, default=15, help="PU bagging: number of bags")
    ap.add_argument("--pu_u_ratio", type=float, default=3.0, help="PU bagging: U sampled per bag = ratio * |P|")

    ap.add_argument("--no_calibration", action="store_true",
                    help="Disable isotonic calibration (use raw predict_proba from base model / PU ensemble).")

    ap.add_argument("--force_calibration_pu", action="store_true",
                    help="Force calibration even for PU (can be extremely slow: cv_folds * pu_bags fits).")

    ap.add_argument("--cv", type=int, default=5, help="Grouped CV folds for objective & calibration")
    ap.add_argument("--overwrite", action="store_true",
                    help="Re-train even if artifacts already exist for a run_id (otherwise skipped).")

    args = ap.parse_args()

    cpu_total = os.cpu_count() or 8
    eff_threads = max(1, cpu_total - 4) if args.threads in (None, 0, -1) else max(1, args.threads)
    print(f"[CPU ] total={cpu_total} using={eff_threads} (flag={args.threads})")

    os.environ['OMP_NUM_THREADS'] = str(eff_threads)
    os.environ['OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS'] = str(eff_threads)
    os.environ['MKL_NUM_THREADS'] = str(eff_threads)
    os.environ['VECLIB_MAXIMUM_THREADS'] = str(eff_threads)
    os.environ['NUMEXPR_NUM_THREADS'] = str(eff_threads)

    out_root = Path(args.outdir)
    out_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    results_dir = out_root / "results_models"
    results_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    # load once
    Xtr, ytr, gtr, mtr, Xte, yte, gte, mte = _load_train_test(args.ndjson, args.supp2)
    tag = "64log_gc_tetra"

    supp2_set = load_alt_list_from_supp2(args.supp2)

    # weights (only if needed)
    supp1_map = {}
    if args.supp1:
        print("[LOAD] Supp1 mapping for weights:", args.supp1)
        supp1_map = load_supp1_code_map(args.supp1)

    weights_train_weighted = None
    weights_test_weighted = None
    if args.weight_mode in ("weighted", "both"):
        if not args.supp1:
            raise ValueError("--weight_mode weighted/both requires --supp1 Supp1.csv")
        weights_train_weighted = build_sample_weights_for_dataset(mtr, Xtr, ytr, supp2_set, supp1_map)
        weights_test_weighted  = build_sample_weights_for_dataset(mte, Xte, yte, supp2_set, supp1_map)

        # snapshot for debugging
        snap_tr = pd.DataFrame({
            "acc_base": mtr["acc_base"].astype(str).values,
            "y": ytr.astype(int).values,
            "gc_percent": Xtr["gc_percent"].astype(float).values,
            "weight": weights_train_weighted
        })
        snap_te = pd.DataFrame({
            "acc_base": mte["acc_base"].astype(str).values,
            "y": yte.astype(int).values,
            "gc_percent": Xte["gc_percent"].astype(float).values,
            "weight": weights_test_weighted
        })
        snap_tr.to_csv(results_dir / "weights_snapshot_train.tsv", sep="\t", index=False)
        snap_te.to_csv(results_dir / "weights_snapshot_test.tsv", sep="\t", index=False)
        print("[WRITE] weights_snapshot_train.tsv / weights_snapshot_test.tsv")

        wP = weights_train_weighted[ytr.values == 1]
        if wP.size:
            print(f"[WEIGHTS] Supp2(P) weights: n={wP.size} mean={wP.mean():.3f} sd={wP.std():.3f} min={wP.min():.3f} max={wP.max():.3f}")

    print("\n" + "="*72)
    print(f"[DATA] train={Xtr.shape} P(from Supp2)={int(ytr.sum())} ({100.0*float(ytr.mean()):.3f}%)")
    print(f"[DATA]  test={Xte.shape} P(from Supp2)={int(yte.sum())} ({100.0*float(yte.mean()):.3f}%)")
    print("="*72)

    train_modes = ["supervised","pu"] if args.train_mode == "both" else [args.train_mode]
    weight_modes = ["normal","weighted"] if args.weight_mode == "both" else [args.weight_mode]
    models = ["RF","XGB","ET"] if args.model == "all" else [args.model]
    metrics = ["F1","PR_AUC","FB"] if args.metric == "all" else [args.metric]

    # Load any already-existing metrics into summary rows
    global_rows = load_existing_metrics(results_dir)
    if global_rows:
        append_metrics_summary(results_dir, global_rows)
        print(f"[INFO] Found existing metrics: {len(global_rows)} runs. metrics_summary.csv refreshed.")

    for tm in train_modes:
        for wm in weight_modes:
            for met in metrics:
                for mdl in models:
                    run_id = model_run_id(mdl, tm, wm, met, tag)

                    # Decide calibration: PU default off unless forced
                    calibrate = (not args.no_calibration)
                    if tm == "pu" and calibrate and not args.force_calibration_pu:
                        print(f"[INFO] Auto-disabling calibration for PU run {run_id} (use --force_calibration_pu to override).")
                        calibrate = False

                    # Skip if complete and not overwrite
                    if (not args.overwrite) and is_run_complete(results_dir, run_id):
                        print(f"[SKIP] already exists: {run_id}")
                        continue

                    print("\n" + "-"*72)
                    print(f"[RUN ] mode={tm} | weights={wm} | metric={met} | model={mdl} | timeout={args.timeout}s | trials={args.n_trials}")
                    print(f"[RUN ] run_id={run_id} | calibrate={calibrate}")
                    print("-"*72)

                    # pick weights
                    if wm == "weighted":
                        sw_tr = weights_train_weighted
                        sw_te = weights_test_weighted
                    else:
                        sw_tr = None
                        sw_te = None

                    t0 = time.time()
                    final_model, best_params, met_dict, study = fit_best_model(
                        model_type=mdl,
                        train_mode=tm,
                        weight_mode=wm,
                        metric_obj=met,
                        X=Xtr, y=ytr, groups=gtr,
                        seed=args.seed,
                        timeout=args.timeout,
                        n_trials=args.n_trials,
                        outdir=results_dir,
                        tag=tag,
                        X_test=Xte,
                        y_test=yte,
                        threads=eff_threads,
                        pu_bags=args.pu_bags,
                        pu_u_ratio=args.pu_u_ratio,
                        fb_beta=args.fb_beta,
                        calibrate=calibrate,
                        sample_weight=sw_tr,
                        cv_folds=args.cv
                    )

                    dt = time.time() - t0
                    print(f"[DONE] {mdl} | {tm} | {wm} | {met} in {dt/60:.1f} min best={study.best_value:.5f}")

                    # crash-safe save immediately
                    model_path   = results_dir / f"model_{run_id}.joblib"
                    params_path  = results_dir / f"best_params_{run_id}.json"
                    metrics_path = results_dir / f"metrics_{run_id}.json"
                    cols_path    = results_dir / f"feature_columns_{tag}.json"

                    joblib.dump(final_model, model_path)
                    params_path.write_text(json.dumps(best_params, indent=2))
                    metrics_path.write_text(json.dumps(met_dict, indent=2))
                    if not cols_path.exists():
                        cols_path.write_text(json.dumps(list(Xtr.columns), indent=2))

                    # Update in-memory summary list:
                    # remove previous row with same run_id if overwrite
                    global_rows = [r for r in global_rows if not (
                        r.get("model_type")==mdl and r.get("train_mode")==tm and r.get("weight_mode")==wm
                        and r.get("metric_obj")==met
                    )]
                    met_row = dict(met_dict)
                    met_row["elapsed_min"] = float(dt/60.0)
                    global_rows.append(met_row)

                    append_metrics_summary(results_dir, global_rows)
                    print("[WRITE] metrics_summary.csv updated")

    print("[DONE] Saved artifacts to", results_dir.resolve())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()