Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Generation
Modalities:
Text
Formats:
parquet
Languages:
English
Size:
10M - 100M
ArXiv:
License:
Update README.md
Browse files
README.md
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: chunk_5/train-*
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---
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: chunk_5/train-*
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license: odc-by
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- cybersecurity
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- pretraining
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pretty_name: RedSage-CFW
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size_categories:
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- 10M<n<100M
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---
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# Dataset Card for RedSage-CFW
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<p align="center">
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<b> RedSage: A Cybersecurity Generalist LLM" (ICLR 2026). </b>
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<br>
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<b>Authors:</b> Naufal Suryanto<sup>1</sup>, Muzammal Naseer<sup>1†</sup>, Pengfei Li<sup>1</sup>, Syed Talal Wasim<sup>2</sup>, Jinhui Yi<sup>2</sup>, Juergen Gall<sup>2</sup>, Paolo Ceravolo<sup>3</sup>, Ernesto Damiani<sup>3</sup>
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<br>
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<sup>1</sup>Khalifa University, <sup>2</sup>Universität Bonn, <sup>3</sup>University of Milan
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<sup>†</sup>Project Lead
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<br>
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<br>
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<a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=W4FAenIrQ2"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Paper-OpenReview-B31B1B.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/RISys-Lab"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-RISys--Lab-orange"></a>
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<br>
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🌐 <a href="https://risys-lab.github.io/RedSage/">Project Page</a> |
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🤖 <a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/RISys-Lab/redsage-models">Model Collection</a> |
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📊 <a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/RISys-Lab/redsage-benchmarks">Benchmark Collection</a> |
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📘 <a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/RISys-Lab/redsage-datasets">Data Collection </a>
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</p>
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****
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## Dataset Description
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* **Developed by:** RISysLab
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* **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/RISys-Lab/RedSage)
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* **Paper:** [RedSage: A Cybersecurity Generalist LLM](https://openreview.net/forum?id=W4FAenIrQ2)
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* **Arxiv:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22159
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### Dataset Summary
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**RedSage-CFW** (CyberFineWeb) is a large-scale, cybersecurity dataset designed for the continual pretraining of Large Language Models (LLMs). It consists of approximately **11.7 billion tokens** spanning **13 million documents**.
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The dataset was constructed by filtering the **FineWeb** corpus (Common Crawl 2013–2024) using a custom ModernBERT-based classifier to identify cybersecurity-relevant content. To prevent catastrophic forgetting of general capabilities during pretraining, the cybersecurity data is mixed with general educational content from **FineWeb-Edu**.
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### Supported Tasks
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* **Continual Pretraining:** Designed to adapt general-purpose LLMs (e.g., Qwen, Llama) to the cybersecurity domain.
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* **Domain Adaptation:** Enhances model performance on cybersecurity knowledge, skills, and tool usage
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### Languages
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The dataset primarily consists of English text, derived from Common Crawl sources.
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## Dataset Structure
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### Data Instances
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The dataset is partitioned into 5 chunks (config names: `chunk_1` through `chunk_5`). Each instance represents a single document (e.g., a web page, article, or forum post).
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### Data Fields
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Based on the provided configuration, the data fields are:
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* **`text`** (string): The full text content of the document.
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* **`id`** (string): A unique identifier for the document.
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* **`metadata`** (struct): Contains detailed attributes about the source and filtering:
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* `probability` (float64): The confidence score from the cybersecurity classifier.
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* `relevant` (bool): A flag indicating if the document passed the relevance filter.
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* `url` (string): The source URL of the document.
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* `date` (timestamp): The crawl or publication date.
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* `dump` (string): The Common Crawl dump identifier (e.g., `CC-MAIN-2024-51`).
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* `file_path` (string): Path information for the original file.
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* `language` (string): The detected language of the text.
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* `language_score` (float64): Confidence score of the language detection.
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* `token_count` (int64): The number of tokens in the document.
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* `score`, `int_score`: Additional quality or relevance metrics.
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### Data Splits
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The dataset is segmented into 5 chunks. The paper notes that the final corpus consists of the "latest 5 chunks" from the filtered pipeline to fit training budgets.
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* **Total Size:** ~11.7B tokens.
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* **Total Documents:** ~13M documents.
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## Dataset Creation
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### Curation Rationale
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Existing cybersecurity solutions often rely on proprietary APIs or lack domain adaptation. RedSage-CFW bridges this gap by providing a transparent, open-source corpus for training local, privacy-preserving cybersecurity assistants.
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### Source Data
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* **FineWeb:** The base corpus is FineWeb, aggregated from 104 Common Crawl subsets between Summer 2013 and December 2024 (~17.2T tokens).
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* **FineWeb-Edu:** Used for mixing general knowledge to maintain reasoning capabilities.
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### Data Processing & Filtering
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1. **Classifier Training:** A binary classifier based on **ModernBERT-base** was trained on the "Cybersecurity Topic Classification" dataset (sourced from Reddit, StackExchange, and arXiv). It achieved 97.3% accuracy on validation.
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2. **Filtering:** This classifier was applied to FineWeb, identifying ~125M cybersecurity-relevant documents (~89.8B tokens).
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3. **General Knowledge Replay:** To avoid catastrophic forgetting, the cybersecurity data was mixed with FineWeb-Edu samples at a **30% replay ratio**.
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4. **Deduplication:** Global deduplication was performed using MinHash-LSH (via DataTrove), reducing the corpus size by ~47.9% in tokens.
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5. **Chunking:** The final dataset comprises the latest 5 chronological chunks from the processed data to manage computational costs.
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## Considerations for Using the Data
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### Social Impact
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The dataset enables the development of open-source cybersecurity assistants, potentially helping to bridge the global skills shortage in the field.
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### Discussion of Biases and Limitations
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* **Source Bias:** As a web-crawled dataset, it may inherit biases present in Common Crawl and online cybersecurity discussions.
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* **Dual Use:** The dataset contains offensive security knowledge (e.g., penetration testing techniques). While intended for defense, there is an inherent risk of misuse.
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{suryanto2026redsage,
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title={RedSage: A Cybersecurity Generalist {LLM}},
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author={Naufal Suryanto and Muzammal Naseer and Pengfei Li and Syed Talal Wasim and Jinhui Yi and Juergen Gall and Paolo Ceravolo and Ernesto Damiani},
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booktitle={The Fourteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
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year={2026},
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url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=W4FAenIrQ2}
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}
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```
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