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Bulldog.
The Aston Martin Bulldog was a one-off. It was designed by William Towns, who Aston had brought in, in 1975, to create the new Lagonda. He designed the wedge shape sports car and for it to have gull-wing
doors. The car codename DP (development project)k.901, was delayed due to the Lagonda running behind schedule. The car, which was meant to be the flagship of the new in-house engineering team which
aimed to bring the Tickford name back into use after 30 years.
That part worked because as a consequence the likes of the Tickford Capri, Frazer Metro etc were produced. The Bulldog , Chassis and interior work was passed to Head engineer Mike Loasby with plans for a
launch in concept form featuring a turbo V8 engine at the 1978 Motor Show. The reality was that by October 1978 the car was only half finished and Loasby left to join Delorean.
The project was shelved and the car ( now known as Canine) was placed in a cordoned off area at the far end of the service department called the Kennel. In 1978 the Kennel was opened and a new engineer,
Keith Martin, with a small team finally completed the car in about 12 months. Finally finished and officially named Bulldog.
The car now came with a 5.3 Litre V8 with twin Garrett turbochargers delivering 650BHP and a top speed of 191mph. They had hoped for the magic 200mph. Launched to the press in 1980 to a mixed reception.
The car started out Silver Grey, now a Metallic Green. The interior has also been changed from the original dark brown and black to light tan.
The Aston Martin Bulldog was a one-off. It was designed by William
Towns, who Aston had brought in, in 1975, to create the new
Lagonda. He designed the wedge shape sports car and for it to
have gull-wing doors. The car codename DP (development
project)k.901, was delayed due to the Lagonda running behind
schedule. The car, which was meant to be the flagship of the new
in-house engineering team which aimed to bring the Tickford name
back into use after 30 years.
That part worked because as a consequence the likes of the
Tickford Capri, Frazer Metro etc were produced. The Bulldog ,
Chassis and interior work was passed to Head engineer Mike
Loasby with plans for a launch in concept form featuring a turbo V8
engine at the 1978 Motor Show. The reality was that by October
1978 the car was only half finished and Loasby left to join Delorean.
The project was shelved and the car ( now known as Canine) was
placed in a cordoned off area at the far end of the service
department called the Kennel. In 1978 the Kennel was opened and
a new engineer, Keith Martin, with a small team finally completed
the car in about 12 months. Finally finished and officially named
The car now came with a 5.3 Litre V8 with twin Garrett
turbochargers delivering 650BHP and a top speed of 191mph. They
had hoped for the magic 200mph. Launched to the press in 1980 to
a mixed reception.
The car started out Silver Grey, now a Metallic Green. The interior
has also been changed from the original dark brown and black to
light tan.
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| 0.793738
| 0.793738
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Only Register an Account to
Redgauntlet (German Edition)
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Free download. Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Redgauntlet (German Edition) file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Redgauntlet (German Edition) book. Happy reading Redgauntlet (German Edition) Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Redgauntlet (German Edition) at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The CompletePDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Redgauntlet (German Edition) Pocket Guide.
Guy Mannering is set in the s to s in the Galloway area of southwest Scotland , but with episodes in Cumberland and India , it tells the story of Henry "Harry" Bertram, the son of the Laird of Ellangowan , kidnapped at the age of five by smugglers after witnessing the murder of a customs officer. It follows the fortunes and adventures of Harry and his family in subsequent years, the struggle over the inheritance of Ellangowan; the novel depicts the lawlessness that existed at the time, when smugglers operated along the coast and thieves frequented the country roads.
Guy Mannering, after leaving Oxford, is travelling alone through some of the wilder parts of Scotland. After losing his way at nightfall, he is directed to the home of Mr Godfrey Bertram. The friendly but incompetent Bertram welcomes him, although his wife is in labour with their first child; as they await news, Mannering meets Dominie Sampson , a learned but inept tutor, Meg Merrilies, a wild-looking, strident Gypsy woman, who has come to tell the child's fortune.
The young student, offers to do this from the stars, predicts that three periods of the boy's life will be hazardous. Not wishing to concern the parents, he leaves his predictions to be opened when the child is five years old. Mannering meets smuggler Dirk Hatteraick, who captains vessels active off the wild coast by Ellangowan. However, before his fifth birthday is over, little Harry Bertram disappears while in the care of an excise-man, murdered by smugglers. No trace can be found of the child.
Stanced Satria Neo
In her distress, his mother goes into labour once again, after giving birth to a daughter, she dies. Seventeen years elapse, Mannering, now a Colonel , returns from India and visits Scotland once again. He arrives at Ellangowan in time to be present at the death of the now destitute Godfrey Bertram. The possessions and home of Bertram and his daughter Lucy are being sold.
Mannering attempts to buy the estate, but is called back to England to attend to his own daughter, reported to have a lover, so misses the sale; the Ellangowan estate is purchased at a reduced rate by the conniving Glossin, whose unscrupulous dealings have been one of the causes of the Bertrams' downfall. The estate is sold on the condition that if the male heir is found, the estate will return to the Bertrams. Mannering's daughter Julia has in fact been entertaining the affections of Vanbeest Brown, a young cavalry officer from her father's regiment, though she does not admit this to her father.
Brown is unsure of his parentage, having been raised in Holland, told that though born in Scotland, he was rescued at a young age from smugglers. Colonel Mannering in fact believes that he killed Brown in a duel in India, a fact which weighs on his conscience. Mannering brings his daughter with him to Scotland, rents a house called Woodbourne , not far from Ellangowan.
He invites Lucy Bertram to be a companion for his daughter, Dominie Sampson to be his librarian. Brown follows Julia Mannering to Scotland, taking a roundabout route to explore some of the wilder parts of his birth country, he dines at an inn called Mump's Hall, where he meets Dandie Dinmont. Here he meets Meg Merrilies , who seems to recognise him; the proprietress of Mump's Hall sends thugs to burgle Dinmont on the road, Brown arrives in time to help fend them off.
In gratitude Dinmont invites Brown to stay at his farm with his large family for some days. While hunting with his new friend, Brown meets a gamekeeper called Gabriel, who seems to recognise him. Meanwhile, at Woodbourne, a group of excise-men seek protection from a gang of smugglers, who outnumber them. Under the superior tactics of Mannering, the smugglers are driven off, several of their ringleaders killed or mortally wounded. It forms, along with The Bride of Lammermoor , the 3rd series of Scott's Tales of My Landlord ; the two novels were published together in A Legend of the Wars of Montrose was composed during May after the completion of its companion novel The Bride of Lammermoor though it had been envisaged before the Bride was begun.
Scott was still recovering from his serious illness of March and it is that the greater part of the new novel was dictated to John Ballantyne and William Laidlaw , though the manuscript for most of Chapters 3 to 6 is extant in his own hand; the first edition of Tales of my Landlord, consisting of The Bride of Lammermoor and A Legend of Montrose, was published by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh on 21 June and in London on the 26th.
As with all of the Waverley novels before publication was anonymous. Scott appears to have made some small changes to the text of Montrose when it appeared that year in the Novels and Tales, but his main revision was carried out in late and early for the'Magnum' edition, including the provision of notes and an introduction: it appeared as Volume 15 in August The standard modern edition, by J. Alexander, was published under Scott's preferred title A Legend of the Wars of Montrose as Volume 7b of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels in this is based on the first edition with emendations principally from Scott's manuscript; the story takes place during the Earl of Montrose's military campaign in Scotland on behalf of King Charles I against the Covenanters who had sided with the English Parliament in the English Civil War.
Annot is a young woman, brought up by the M'Aulays since being captured as a girl during a blood feud against the MacEagh clan. M'Aulay and Menteith are both members of Montrose's army. Annot marries Menteith after it is discovered that she has aristocratic blood, was kidnapped by the MacEaghs as a baby; this leads to the jealous M'Aulay stabbing Menteith and fleeing Montrose's army.
Menteith survives whilst M'Aulay is rumoured to have been killed by the MacEaghs. Much of the novel is taken up with a subplot involving an expedition into enemy territory by Dugald Dalgetty, an experienced mercenary fighting for Montrose. Dalgetty does not fight out of political or religious conviction, but purely for the love of carnage. However, he is professional, remains loyal to an employer to the end of his contract, he gained his experience fighting for various armies during the Thirty Years' War still raging in Germany.
Note: He did not fight all thirty years. Dalgetty is regarded as one of Scott's finest comic characters, however he dominates so much of the story that the main plot is not developed in detail; the Earl of MenteithAnderson, his servant. Allan MacAulay seats Anderson above Dalgetty at table, his brother, the laird Angus, wins a wager with his guest Sir Miles Musgrave by having some of his men act as living chandeliers.
Annot soothes Allan by singing, he foresees. Volume Two Ch. Dalgetty travels to Inverara. Argyle enters in disguise and ascertains that the surviving child is Ann. Redgauntlet Redgauntlet is a historical novel by Sir Walter Scott , set in Dumfries, Scotland in , described by Magnus Magnusson as "in a sense, the most autobiographical of Scott's novels. Composition of Redgauntlet was steady, it began shortly after the completion of Saint Ronan's Well in early December , by early January proofs had reached the fourth letter.
The first volume was in print before the end of March, the second was written in late March and April, the third was composed in May; the first edition was published in Edinburgh on 14 June and in London on the 29th of the same month. It is that Scott was responsible for at least some of the small changes to the text of the novel when it appeared in the Tales and Romances.
During January and February he revised the text more extensively and provided an introduction and notes for the'Magnum' edition, in which it appeared as Volumes 35 and 36 in April and May The standard modern edition, by G. Wood with David Hewitt , was published as Volume 17 of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels in this is based on the first edition with emendations from the manuscript; the novel's hero is a young man named Darsie Latimer.
Early in the novel he is kidnapped by Hugh Redgauntlet, taken to a village in Dumfries. After much intrigue Darsie discovers that Redgauntlet is his uncle, he is reunited with his sister, he discovers that a number of prominent Jacobites , Prince Charles Edward Stuart himself are staying in the village. Redgauntlet has summoned them all to start a new Jacobite rebellion, he wants Darsie to join them. Furthermore, Redgauntlet discovers that his fellow Jacobites are not as committed as he, their stated objection is that they suspect the Prince's mistress, Clementina Walkinshaw , of being a spy.
During these discussions, General Campbell arrives amongst them to announce that he and the government know what the conspirators are up to. The Prince is allowed to go into exile, his followers peacefully disperse. Redgauntlet, joins the Prince in exile. Darsie is set free having always remained loyal to the current king, Alan marries Darsie's sister. Alan was studying for the law, but his companion had started for his first country ramble, the story commences with a long correspondence between them; as he returned from fishing in the Solway Firth , with Benjie as his instructor, Darsie was overtaken by the tide, carried by Mr Herries, dressed as a fisherman, on horseback to a cottage, where his niece Lilias said grace at supper-time.
The Quaker , part owner of some fishing nets in the river, invited him to spend a few days at his house. A letter, from old Mr Fairford determined him not to do so. Mr Fairford had arranged that Peter Peebles , an eccentric plaintiff , should be his son's first client, Alan was pleading the cause before the Lords Ordinary when his father, by mistake, handed him a letter from Mr Crosbie, announcing that Darsie had mysteriously disappeared.
Alan rushed out of court, started in search of his friend, who had accompanied the Quaker to await an attack on his fishing station, been made prisoner by the rioters, of whom Mr Herries was the leader. After being nearly drowned, recovering from a fever, he awoke in a strange room , to which he was confined for several days, when he was visited by his captor, conducted by him to an interview with Squire Foxley, acting as a magistrate , declined to interfere with Mr Herries' guardianship; as the squire was leaving, however, Mr Peebles arrived to apply for a warrant against Alan for throwing up his brief, startled Mr Herries by recognising him as a Redgauntlet and an unpardoned Jacobite.
Darsie obtained a partial explanation from him, was told to prepare for a journey disguised as a woman. Meanwhile, Alan had applied to the provost, having obtained from his wife's relation, Mr Maxwell, a letter to Herries, he started for Annan, under the guidance of Trumbull, he took ship for Cumberland.
On landing at Crakenthorp's inn, he was transported by Nanty Ewart, a gang of smugglers, to Fair-ladies' House, where he was nursed through a fever, introduced to a mysterious Father Buonaventure. After being questioned and detained for a few days, he was allowed to return with a guide to. Constable was born at Carnbee , son of the land steward to the Earl of Kellie. In Archibald was apprenticed to Peter Hill , an Edinburgh bookseller, but in he started in business for himself as a dealer in rare books, he bought the Scots Magazine in , John Leyden , the orientalist , became its editor.
In Constable began the Farmer's Magazine, in November he issued the first number of the Edinburgh Review , under the nominal editorship of Sydney Smith. Constable made a new departure in publishing by the generosity of his terms to authors. Writers for the Edinburgh Review were paid at an unprecedented rate, Constable offered Scott guineas in advance for Marmion. In A.
In , however, a reconciliation took place. In he served as Moderator of the High Constables of Edinburgh. In he bought the copyright of Waverley; this was issued anonymously. The firm published the Annual Register. Through over-speculation, complications arose, in a crash came. Sir Walter Scott was affected by the failure of both firms. Constable started business afresh, began in Constable's Miscellany of Original and Selected Works consisting of a series of original works, of standard books republished in a cheap form, thus making one of the earliest and most famous attempts to popularize high-quality literature.
Constable died at home, 3 Park Place in Edinburgh, on 21 July , but his firm survived, the Constable publishing business continued in the twentieth century, issuing a wide range of fiction and non-fiction books. It continues today as Robinson. Park Place was a small square north of George Square , demolished in the 19th century to build the new medical buildings for Edinburgh University.
Among their children were a son, a daughter, Elizabeth, their son, Thomas Constable FRSE took over his printing business on his father's death. In he was appointed printer and publisher in Edinburgh to Queen Victoria , issued, among other notable series, Constable's Educational Series, Constable's Foreign Miscellany. In he became a partner in the firm, when Thomas retired in the firm continued under the name of T.
Constable, their daughter, Elizabeth Constable married his junior publishing partner, Robert Cadell of Ratho. Moubray House Waterston, C D. In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography. Hewitt, David. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
OMNIA - Redgauntlet
Oxford University Press. Edinburgh Gazetteer. Edinburgh: A. During his lifetime, he was known as "The Young Pretender " or "The Young Chevalier" and in popular memory as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", he is best remembered for his role in the rising. His escape from Scotland after the uprising led him to be portrayed as a romantic figure of heroic failure in representations. As the legitimate heirs to the thrones of England and Ireland—according to the Jacobite succession—his family lived with a sense of pride, staunchly believed in the divine right of kings. Many Protestants , including a number of prominent parliamentarians , had been worried that King James aimed to return England to the Catholic fold.
Charles Edward played a major part in the pursuit of this goal. In , Charles Edward observed the Spanish siege of Gaeta , his first exposure to war. His father managed to obtain the renewed support of the French government in , whereupon Charles Edward travelled to France with the sole purpose of commanding a French army that he would lead in an invasion of England. The invasion never materialised.
By the time the fleet regrouped, the British fleet realised the diversion that had deceived them and resumed their position in the Channel. Undeterred, Charles Edward was determined to continue his quest for the restoration of the Stuarts. In December , Charles's father named giving him authority to act in his name. Eighteen months he led a French-backed rebellion intended to place his father on the thrones of England and Scotland.
Charles raised funds to fit out two ships: the Elisabeth, an old man-of-war of 66 guns, the Du Teillay , a gun privateer , which landed him and seven companions at Eriskay on 23 July Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting, but may contain a neat previous owner name. Seller Inventory GI4N Book is in good condition.
Redgauntlet, First Edition
Fingermarks present. Page discolouration present. Slight creasing present. Cover has some wear. Previous sellers name may be present. Published by Oxford University Press About this Item: Oxford University Press, Seller Inventory ZZ3. The book has been read but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. Some minor wear to the spine. Published by Dent;Dutton About this Item: Dent;Dutton, Condition: Acceptable.
This book is from our pre ISBN stock and is therefore over 50 years old. It has a general appearance commensurate with its age including age effects to page edges, binding and boards. This edition is dated This book is from our pre ISBN stock and could therefore be over 50 years old. It will have a general appearance commensurate with its age including age effects to page edges, binding and boards. Dust jacket is absent unless otherwise stated Major signs of wear and tear. Very well read. Reading copy only.
Seller Inventory mon Ex library with usual markings. Wear to dust jacket. Bumping, discolouration and marks to spine and boards. Page edges grubby and tanned with foxing creeping into the pages. Smudges or other marks on a few pages. Damage to hinges. This book is in very good condition and will be shipped within 24 hours of ordering. The cover may have some limited signs of wear but the pages are clean, intact and the spine remains undamaged. This book has clearly been well maintained and looked after thus far.
Money back guarantee if you are not satisfied. Get that here. Read more. Sam created the show out of his passion for the long form conversational interview, and as a way to share his conversations with a myriad of artists, actors, musicians, directors, skateboarders, photographers, and writers that pique his interest. The franchise now includes a TV show, website, podcast and digital magazine. Watch a preview clip of David discussing working with his Good Omens co-star Michael Sheen below: Good Omens is a six part adaptation of the cult comic novel of the same title written by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett, which follows the attempts by a demon and an angel to destroy the Antichrist and halt the oncoming Apocalypse.
Some clips of David talking about the series and the effect it had on his life have been released and can be seen below: Imagine running around your backyard as a kid pretending to be your favorite tv character, and then getting the chance to actually be him. David Tennant got that chance with the hit show 'Doctor Who', and still has the scarf to prove it. David Tennant had grown up loving Doctor Who, and he certainly recognized the enormity of the role in pop culture, but no one can fully understand the impact of fame in their life until it hits them.
David Tennant, Michael Sheen and the cast of Good Omens reveal if they are heavenly or hellish in this new interview from BT: They also spill some on set secrets in the new video below: Good Omens is a six part adaptation of the cult comic novel of the same title written by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett, which follows the attempts by a demon and an angel to destroy the Antichrist and halt the oncoming Apocalypse.
Written and produced by Neil Gaiman and directed by Douglas Mackinnon, the series is now available to stream in over countries via Amazon Prime. The first full length feature film by writer and director Daisy Aitkens and producer Georgia Tennant, You, Me And Him is a delightful comedy with a very modern twist. As the question of pregnancy beckons, they befriend their new neighbour, John David Tennant , and lines begin to blur as the trio finds themselves in some truly uncharted territory.
The film premieres on Sky Cinema Premiere today at 2.
Watch a trailer below:. Catch up with our updates about David Tennant's projects and appearances with this weekly post. Simply click the link to read the article. Don't forget if you want to access older news stories you can still do so in our archives.
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Vouloir Être Heureux (ED ORGANISATION) (French Edition)
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Prof Eric Pentecost
Professor of Economics, specialisting in monetary and financial economics, with specific reference to the Euro-zone, international capital movements and exchange rate determination and policy
Christina Perry
Teaching Fellow in Law
I am the Course Convenor for Law 4005: Elements of Contract Law at Queen Mary. Previously, I was a Lecturer at The City Law School. I practiced law at Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and Debevoise & Plimpton LLP for seven years prior to entering academic life. I have experience in significant corporate transactions, including private equity transactions, Regulation S/Rule 144A equity offerings, project financings and internal corporate investigations. I am admitted to practice in New York State as well as in England and Wales. I am the Careers Liaison Tutor and is a Legal Advice Centre Subject Advisor for Contract law. My research interests include comparative banking regulation in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
Prof Dimitris Petmezas
Chair in Finance
Professor Dimitris Petmezas is Chair in Finance. Prior to taking up this position he was a Reader and Senior Lecturer in Finance at Surrey Business School (ex-School of Management) and also held the position of Lecturer in Finance at Durham Business School. Professor Petmezas was educated at Aristotle University (BA in Economics) and Durham University (MSc in Finance and Investment with Distinction, and PhD in Finance). He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and a visiting-academic in several European Business Schools teaching in EMBA, MBA and MSc programmes. Professor Petmezas has also been invited to deliver speeches in several Universities in Europe and China. He is an independent M&A advisor and he has also worked as a stock market analyst. Professor Petmezas' main research interests lie in the area of Corporate Finance and, more specifically, in Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). His current research focuses on the role of financial and informational intermediaries, as well as corporate governance, in M&As. Professor Petmezas' research also looks into factors that affect value creation for shareholders in M&A activity and its relation with behavioral issues such as managerial overconfidence. Additionally, he is interested in SEOs. Professor Petmezas has published extensively in top international journals including the Journal of Finance, Financial Management, and the Journal of Banking and Finance. His paper titled “When It Pays to Pay Your Investment Banker: New Evidence on the Role of Financial Advisors in M&As” was the 3rd Most-Read Article in 2012 in the Journal of Finance.His research has been featured on the programs of various US and European conferences receiving awards, such as the best paper award in International Finance at the Southwestern Finance Association (SWFA) Conference in the US in 2009, and quoted in widely read international media, such as the Financial Times and The Economist. Professor Petmezas serves as an ad-hoc referee in several academic journals and research grants' bodies and also acts as an external examiner in a number of academic institutions.
Dr Ivan Petrella
Ivan Petrella is a Lectuer in Economics and Birkbeck, University of London. His research interests are in Macroeconomics, in particular Monetary Economics, as well as Applied Econometrics and Commodity Pricing.
Dr Jan Pfister
Lecturer in Accounting
Dr Ludovic Phalippou
Ludovic Phalippou has been a Lecturer in Finance at the Said Business School of the University of Oxford since January 2011. Ludovic's research is mainly on private equity funds and has received considerable attention from the investment professional community and the academic community alike. Several major newspapers echoed his findings such as the Financial Times and The Economist. He has received several best paper awards and research grants. His research has been presented at the best academic conferences and at seminars in prestigious universities. His research has been published in top academic and practitioner journals: Journal of Finance, Review of Financial Studies, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Harvard Business Review, Review of Finance and Financial Analyst Journal. Ludovic is ranked in the top 100 worldwide by SSRN.com out of all business school researchers for the number of downloads of his articles, and has been selected in the Speaker Retainer Program of the CFA institute.
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(Redirected from Earth First)
Earth First! is a radical environmental defense movement, pioneered in the early 1980s by Arizona desert activists Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and others.
1 The Early Years
2 Earth First! Since 1990
3 Books About Earth First!
During the group's early years (1980-1986), Earth First! mixed innovative publicity, such as rolling a plastic "crack" down Glen Canyon Dam, with far-reaching wilderness proposals that went far beyond what the mainstream environmental groups were willing to advocate, and with conservation biology research from a biocentric perspective. The group's proposals were published in a periodical, Earth First! The Radical Environmental Journal, informally known as the Earth First! Journal. Edward Abbey's writings were a major inspiration and Abbey himself was revered by the early movement, and often spoke at early Earth First! gatherings. An annual gathering of the group was known as the Round River Rendevous, from a phrase taken from Aldo Leopold's book A Sand County Almanac.
Later, from about 1987 on, Earth First! became primarily associated with direct action to prevent logging, dam building, and other forms of development which may cause destruction of wildlife habitats or the despoilation of wild places. This change in direction attracted many new members to Earth First!, some of whom came from a leftist or anarchist political background or involvement in the counterculture or neo-paganism. Dave Foreman has related that this led to the introduction of such activities as a "puke-in" at a shopping mall, a flag burning, heckling of Edward Abbey at a 1987 Earth First! rendevous, and back-and-forth debates in the Earth First! Journal on such topics as anarchism, that Foreman and others did not wish to be associated with. Most of the group's "old guard," including Dave Foreman, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, Christopher Manes, George Wuerthner, and Earth First! Journal editor John Davis, (but not Mike Roselle) became increasingly uncomfortable with this new direction, and eventually severed their ties to Earth First! in 1990. Many of them went on to launch a new magazine, Wild Earth, and a new environmental group, The Wildlands Project. Roselle, on the other hand, along with activists such as Judi Bari, welcomed the new direct-action and leftist direction of Earth First!
Starting in the mid-1980s, Earth First! began an increasing promotion of and identification with "Deep Ecology," a philosophy put forward by Arne Naess, Bill Devall, and George Sessions, which holds that all forms of life on Earth have equal value in and of themselves, without regard for their utility to human beings. Earth First!ers use this philosophy to justify an a ecocentric view of the world in which intrinsic values for organisms and ecosystems outweigh their resource values. The motto of Earth First! is "No compromise in defense of Mother Earth!"
Earth First! Since 1990
Since the departure of the old guard in 1990, action within the Earth First! movement has become increasingly informed by anarchist political philosophy. Rotation of the primary media organ among publishers in differing bioregions, an aversion of organized leadership or administrative structure, and the use of rhetoric by so-called members identifying Earth First! as a movement rather than an organization, all of these activities characterize a decentralized, locally-informed activism based on communitarian ethics.
In the field, individual citizens and small groups form the nuclei for grassroots political actions, which may take the form of legal actions--i.e. protests, timber sale appeals, and educational campaigns--or civil disobedience--tree sitting, road blockades, and sabotage - called "ecotage" by some advocates when it is done as a form of ecodefense. Often, disruptive direct action is used primarily as a stalling tactic, to prevent environmental destruction while lawsuits (which take more time) can secure the long-term victories.
A very popular combination of tactics is road blockades, activists locking themselves to heavy equipment to immobilize it, tree-sitting to prevent logging, and sometimes sabotage of machinery.
Although Earth First! was at first known for providing information in the Earth First! Journal on the practice of tree-spiking, which can be potentially injurious, and monkeywrenching (or ecotage), in 1990 Judi Bari led Earth First! in the Northern California and Southern Oregon region to renounce these practices, calling them counterproductive to an effort to form a coalition with workers and small logging businesses to defeat large-scale corporate logging in Northern California.
In 1990 a bomb was placed in Judi Bari's car, crippling her, and leading to false charges by police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation that she was responsible for the bomb. Bari died in 1997, but her federal lawsuit against the FBI and Oakland California police resulted in a 2002 jury verdict exonerating her and awarding her estate to fellow Earth First!er Darryl Cherney, a total of $4.4 million. Eighty percent of the damages were awarded for violation of the two Earth First! leaders' First Amendment rights to organize politically in defense of the environment. Juror Mary Nunn told reporters the jury unanimously agreed with Bari's and Cherney's claims that the FBI and Oakland Police attempted to frame the pair and falsely smeared them in the media as a way to neutralize them and Earth First! by making the public believe they were terrorists who used bombs. Earth First! has never advocated the use of bombs or explosives in any way, due to the risk of harming living things.
Some critics of the movement still call EF! activity eco-terrorism, though Earth First! proponents say that the term more accurately describes the people who destroy the environment. In response to being labeled terrorists, some have adopted the neologism terrist instead.
Earth First! was parodied in the December, 2003 Simpsons episode, "Lisa the Tree-Hugger".
Books About Earth First!
Books about the early Earth First!:
Davis, John, ed. The Earth First! Reader: Ten Years of Radical Environmentalism (1991) (ISBN 0879053879)
Foreman, Dave. Confessions of an Eco-Warrior (1991) (ISBN 051788058X)
Foreman, Dave. Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching (1985) (ISBN 0963775103)
Manes, Christopher. Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization (1990) (ISBN 0316545325)
Scarce, Rik. Eco-Warriors (1990) (ISBN 096226833X)
Zakin, Susan. Coyotes and Town Dogs: Earth First! and the Environmental Movement (1993) (ISBN 0816521859)
Books about the post-1990 Earth First!:
Bari, Judi. Timber Wars (1994) (ISBN 1567510264)
Lee, Martha. Earth First!: Environmental Apocalypse (1995) (ISBN 0815603657)
Coleman, Kate. The Secret Wars of Judi Bari (2005) (ISBN 1893554740) (note: some consider this book to be a hatchet job on Judi Bari, see colemanhoax.com (http://www.colemanhoax.com/)).
Critical or Hostile Books about Earth First!:
Arnold, Ron. Ecoterror: The Violent Agenda to Save Nature (1997) (ISBN 0939571188)
Bradford, George. How Deep is Deep Ecology? (1989) (ISBN 0878100350)
Clausen, Barry. Walking on the Edge: How I Infiltrated Earth First! (1994) (ISBN 0936783125)
Confessions of an Eco-Warrior
List of environmental organizations
The Monkey Wrench Gang
Tree sitting
Conservation ethic
Earth First! Today:
Earth First! Journal (http://www.earthfirstjournal.org)
Earth First! (http://www.earthfirst.org)
JudiBari.org (http://www.judibari.org)
Other links of interest, because of their historical ties to Earth First!:
The Wildlands Project (http://www.twp.org/)
The Rewilding Institute - Dave Foreman's latest project (http://www.rewilding.org/)
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (http://www.seashepherd.org/)
Abbey's Web (Edward Abbey fan page) (http://www.abbeyweb.net/)
Earth First was also the name of a fictional xenophobic neo-Nazi movement on the television program Babylon 5.
Retrieved from "http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Earth_First%21"
Categories: Environmental organizations | Anarchist organizations
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Main › News › Jankauskas: EU-Azerbaijan energy cooperation goes beyond Southern Gas Corridor
Jankauskas: EU-Azerbaijan energy cooperation goes beyond Southern Gas Corridor
Energy cooperation between Azerbaijan and the European Union (EU) goes beyond the Southern Gas Corridor, Head of the EU Delegation to Azerbaijan Kestutis Jankauskas told Trend.
There are other, smaller, but very important ongoing projects, he noted.
Returning to the Southern Gas Corridor project, Jankauskas said it will physically connect Azerbaijan and the European Union.
“It is a landmark project bringing mutual benefits for Azerbaijan and the EU: for Azerbaijan it will mean predictable and stable income from European customers; for the European Union, it means a new supply route from a new source, which leads to diversification and more choices, thus more competition and affordable prices for the consumers,” he said.
Jankauskas recalled that in 2019, the crucial connection of the Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) was inaugurated at the Turkish-Greek border.
“In 2020, we expect to see TAP fully completed. The year 2020 will mark the beginning of the SGC, not the end. There are prospects for further strengthening our energy cooperation with IGB (Interconnector Greece-Bulgaria) and a possible extension of the pipeline to the West Balkans. More demand would mean more supply for SGC which could come from the Caspian fields in Azerbaijan and possibly Turkmenistan,” he said.
The Southern Gas Corridor project aims to increase and diversify European energy supply by bringing gas resources from the Caspian Sea to markets in Europe.
The Southern Gas Corridor comprises the following four projects: (i) operation of Shah Deniz natural gas-condensate field (“SD1” project) and its full-field development (“SD2′” project), (ii) the operation of the South Caucasus Pipeline (“SCP” project) and its expansion (“SCPX” project), (iii) the construction of the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (“TANAP” project) and (iv) the construction of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (“TAP” project) (SD2, SCPX, TANAP and TAP collectively, the “Projects”).
The Projects have an estimated investment cost of approximately $40 billion. Upon completion, the SD2 project will add a further 16 bcm of natural gas per annum to 10.9 bcma (maximum production capacity) already produced under SD1 project.
Total length of the newly constructed SCPX, TANAP and TAP pipelines will be more than 3,200 kilometres.
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THE SAGA OF ME RE-READING THE SAGA OF THE SWAMP THING
ekko | February 3, 2010 |
I was in my favorite comic shop a few days ago and I saw that there are new, beautifully bound reprints of Alan Moore, Stephen Bissette, and John Totleben’s run on The Saga of the Swamp Thing. (Just $17 bucks from Amazon, here. Give it a try! Or better yet, go to your local comic shop and pick one up–support indies!) I have all the issues, and seeing them together like that inspired me to reread them. If your only exposure to Swamp Thing was the 1982 Wes Craven film, or its even worse sequel, that’s a shame. It’s like equating Frank Miller’s run on Daredevil with its awful film adaptation.
Swamp Thing was never a great book–it had its moments, though–until Alan Moore rebooted the character in 1983. Starting with issue #21, Moore reinvented the character. His origin according to creator Len Wein was like a cross between Punisher and The Flash. Alec Holland was a dude who got killed by gangsters and absorbed a bunch of chemicals that turned him into a green shambling mound–he was a human who absorbed plantlife. According to Moore, Swamp Thing was actual a plant that absorbed a human life. By switching it around, the character became tied to a less corporeal base, and more metaphysical, allowing Moore to make use of D.C.’s underused B-list occult heroes like Demon, Cain and Able from the Houses of Mystery and Secret, etc. Characters who were previously gimmicks–or stupid–became important, and had depth and personality.
Volume 1 of the new hardbound collection reprints, for the first time ever, Swamp Thing #20, which begins the reimagining of the character. It extends through #27. These are not the strongest issues of Moore’s run, but they show him finding the character and making a big pile of vegetables interesting. Not an easy task. Volume 2 is where the show really picks up speed, and covers issues 28-34 and Annual #2. Here, artists Bissette and Totleben have perfected their style. Where Bernie Wrightson, an artistic genius of the highest order, had drawn Swamp Thing with clear, defined features, B&T paint a sketchy, shadowy world that makes Swampy’s body less formed. By drawing the entire world this way, though, Swamp Thing can fit in without appearing, well, ridiculous or unbelievable. The story told in these issues is the beginning of Swamp Thing’s relationship with Abby, a woman with pure white hair except for one lock of darkness–like a river. I won’t give away how the two finally connect with each other, but it involves zombies. So, hey, that’s cool. And these are zombies unlike any you’ve ever seen before–they’re a cult of undead people, like a religious order, not a gaggle of brainless brain eaters. The final issue of this volume, Issue #34, is truly beautiful. Words and art combine to literally turn the comic book on its side as Abby’s perspective changes, to show how she accepts her love of Alec Holland. You will believe a woman could love a vegetable . . . This is from issue #34:
The next issues are not yet issued as part of the reissues, but in my view they are the best of the lot. As I re-read, I realized I had forgotten how progressive and amazing Moore’s work was–particularly because at the time D.C. didn’t have a whole lot going for it. Batman was decent, but it wasn’t revolutionary or anything. The best title they had at the time was Legion Of Super Heroes. Nothing as experimental and visionary as this. In the 1980s, you could read about either indie comics or capes or horror books or war books. Beginning with the Nukeface Papers story arc–issues #35 and 36, Alan Moore began combining the horror and character-driven comic book genres. The art is truly terrifying, as a man with an origin quite similar to Swamp Thing’s (but with a much more horrible end result) toxifies Swamp Thing’s body. As Alec’s body breaks down, we begin to see how his beliefs about himself are limiting him. Issues 37-39 introduce the sinister John Constantine, a man who is trying to prevent an apocalypse by teasing Swamp Thing into becoming an avenger of the forces of justice. In these three stories, Alan Moore reinvents vampires as chilling, undersea creatures. I don’t want to give away too much here, but trust me, you’ve never read a vampire story like this before. Here, we also begin to see that the evil creatures and forces are massing for a big battle. This battle will represent Moore’s best work on Swamp Thing and, in my view, the best work of his storied career. (Yes, even better than Watchmen.) As the series progresses, Swampy battles werewolves, voo-doo, and hippies. Even a haunted house in one of the greatest comic books of all time, issue #45.
But “battle” isn’t really the right word. Every issue, John Constantine leads Alec Holland further down the road to the climactic battle in #50, which features some of the best and creepiest renditions of Demon, Spectre, Deadman, Zatanna, and Phantom Stranger in D.C. history. We also see the art team changing frequently, which is annoying, but many of the names involved should give you an indication of the quality: Alfredo Alcala, Stan Woch, Ron Randall . . .
You know, the bound volumes are a great thing, but what they don’t collect are the letters to the editor, and even these show how progressive the series was. In one issue, Alan Moore himself writes a full page to explain to a woman who was offended by one issue what it was he really meant to say. A great example of the connection fans had with creators in the days before the internet. After issue 50, there’s a neat 3-issue arc with Batman involving Abby, Alec Holland’s lover, but after that Swampy goes out into space and the series kinds of lags. By issue #65, regular penciler Rick Veitch took over from Moore and there wasn’t much of a reason to keep reading. But those 30-or-so issues from 21 to 53 are masterpieces.
Hope you all go buy the collections!
TANYA MORGAN IS A RAP GROUP
OKAY, SO THIS IS WICKED COOL
June 21, 2012 | ekko | No Comments |
A FEW QUICK HITS: THE PURRS and COLIN STETSON
GIMMEE IMMY! (a Guest Post by Mick the D!)
August 15, 2007 | ekko | 3 Comments |
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Death Penalty Challenge
Next Monday, December 6, a district court in Texas will be asked – for the first time in that state’s history – to decide whether the death penalty is unconstitutional based on the “disproportionately high risk of wrongful convictions” in Texas.
John Edward Green, Jr., the defendant in Texas v. Green, is charged in the fatal shooting of a 34-year-old Houston woman during a 2008 robbery. Green’s attorneys have filed a pretrial motion in Harris County District Court. Judge Kevin Fine will hear arguments that the death penalty is unconstitutional because it creates an unacceptable risk of executing innocent people.
Green's attorneys contend that a number of factors in Texas's legal system increase the risk of innocent people being executed.
According to the defense, these include a lack of safeguards to protect against mistaken eyewitness identification, faulty forensic evidence, incompetent lawyers at the appellate level, failures to guard against false confessions, and a history of racial discrimination in jury selection.
Paul Cates, Director of Communications for the Innocence Project, told IPS, “The Innocence Project will be participating in the hearing specifically to put on evidence about the cases of Claude Jones and Cameron Todd Willingham. Both Jones and Willingham were executed in Texas.”
He said, “In the case of Claude Jones, DNA evidence has proven that critical physical evidence (a hair sample) used to place him at the scene of the crime did not belong to Jones. Cameron Todd Willingham was executed even though a prominent arson scientist notified the Governor and the appeals court prior to his execution that the critical testimony of the arson investigator was based on outdated arson science.”
Both Ernest Ray Willis and Cameron Todd Willingham were convicted of murder by arson and sentenced to death on the basis of junk fire science. Mr. Willingham is dead and Mr. Willis is alive -- and free -- because a pro bono law firm took his case.
The Innocence Project has been responsible for freeing numerous prisoners from death row, largely through its use of DNA evidence.
Maurie Levin, a law professor at the University of Texas and an expert on capital punishment, said she would not be surprised if Judge Kevin Fine ruled the death penalty to be unconstitutional in Texas.
"I would think that Judge Fine would have substantial basis in the evidence that I'm aware of that would lead to a conclusion that the Texas death penalty is unconstitutional as applied," she said.
Retired Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens, writing in the New York Review of Books this week, said he now thinks the death penalty is unconstutitonal.
Since 1976, twelve people have been exonerated from death row in Texas out of 139 nationwide, and four study commissions set up by the Texas government have formally recognized the serious risks of wrongful convictions there.
Out of the 464 people executed in Texas, about 70 percent have been minorities, according to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Andrea Keilen, executive director of Texas Defender Service, said it is clear to her that the death penalty is handed down unfairly and erratically in Texas.
"It is my opinion and the opinion of many people close to this issue that the Texas system is wholly incapable of carrying out the death penalty in a fair and reliable way," she said, adding:
"Texas is remarkably out of step with the rest of the country and certainly out of step with what the average Texan would expect when dealing with capital punishment. We're seeing in case after case that the system is just inherently prone to the risk of wrongful convictions and has a complete inability to correct its mistakes."
Keilen said that while the state has a history of strong popular support for capital punishment, she thinks Texans would feel differently about the practice if they knew all the facts.
"I think there is support for the idea of the death penalty among the average Texan, but that if the average Texan were to get a closeup view of how the system actually operates, that support would significantly wane," she said.
"It's an abstract concept to most people, but if they saw how abysmal the quality of representation can be, how the system is biased racially, how prosecutors can not disclose evidence, or how DNA testing can be wrong, my opinion is that they as reasonable people would find it unacceptable."
The defense motion focuses on the factors they say increase the risk of wrongful convictions and executions in Texas, including: lack of safeguards to protect against mistaken eyewitness identification, which has been a factor in 75% of DNA exonerations nationwide; failures to guard against false confessions, which has been a factor in 25% of DNA exonerations nationwide; use of notoriously unreliable informant testimony, which has been a factor in nearly 50% of wrongful murder convictions nationwide; faulty forensic evidence; inadequate pretrial discovery procedures and state misconduct, which has been documents in 41 capital convictions in Texas; and racial discrimination in jury selection, which leads to less accurate fact-finding.
At next week’s hearing, expert witnesses will testify about “the numerous flaws that leave Texas' system riddled with errors, inherently unreliable, and unconstitutional as applied,” Green’s lawyers say.
They add that the clemency process fails in its role as the last safeguard against executing the innocent. Claude Jones was executed in 2000 based on false evidence. During the clemency review, then-Governor Bush was not informed that Mr. Jones had requested DNA testing that might have exonerated him. Ten years after Mr. Jones’ execution, a DNA test showed that the hair sample at the crime scene was not his.
Four study commissions set up by the three branches of Texas government have formally recognized the serious risks of wrongful convictions, but virtually nothing has been done to fix the problem.
Nationwide, since 1976, 139 people have been exonerated from death row. Twelve of them were in Texas.
The 35 U.S. states that practice the death penalty have executed 1,233 prisoners since 1976. In 2010, executions will number 47, down from 52 a year earlier. Some 3,261 prisoners are currently on death row. States executing the most prisoners since 1976 were Texas (466) and Virginia (108). One hundred thirty-eight prisoners have been freed from death row, largely as a result of new DNA evidence.
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Luke Fischer cleared to play following left elbow injury
Golden Eagles Blog
The latest news, notes and analysis on the Marquette men's basketball team
By Matt Velazquez of the Journal Sentinel
Marquette senior Luke Fischer is back on the basketball court and fully able to prepare for next season.
The 6-foot-11 center suffered a left elbow injury during an open gym on April 22 and sat out for just over two months before being medically cleared for activity earlier this week.
Howard shining for Team USA: The U.S. U17 team is dominating the competition thus far at the world championships in Zaragoza, Spain, winning its four games by an average of 48 points. Incoming Marquette freshman Markus Howard, the team's captain in each contest, has played a significant role in that success.
Howard is averaging 12.8 points, 2.5 rebounds and a team-high 3.8 assists in 21.1 minutes per game. His shooting his been steady and efficient — 52.8% overall (19 for 36) and 55.0% from three-point range (11 for 20). Even with a five-turnover game against Argentina during a 109-56 win in the Round of 16, the 5-foot-11 point guard is only turning the ball over at a rate of two per game.
Howard and his teammates will be back in action at 2 p.m. Thursday when they take on the Republic of Korea in the quarterfinals. All games in the tournament can be watched live on YouTube.
TBT additions: The Golden Eagles Alumni team for The Basketball Tournament has been on campus over the past couple days preparing for the TBT's Midwest regional in Chicago on July 16-17. The team doesn't know who its opponent will be in the opening round since matchups won't be announced until Friday.
The team has recently added two players and brought on another Wednesday night to finalize its roster. Guard Derrick Wilson, who played four seasons and graduated in 2015 and 6-foot-9 forward Marcus Jackson, who played at Marquette from 2003-'05, both joined the official roster this week.
Wilson took the year off and will play in Italy next season. Jackson played in six countries over seven seasons from 2005-'12.
Dwight Buycks, who spent two seasons at Marquette from 2009-'11, played with the Golden Eagles Alumni team at the Al McGuire Center on Wednesday and joined the final roster later in the day. The 6-foot-3 guard from Milwaukee will be the most experienced NBA player on the squad — other than coaches Wesley Matthews and Travis Diener.
Buycks appeared in 14 games for the Toronto Raptors in 2013-'14 and six games for the Los Angeles Lakers in 2014-'15. He's also played professionally in four countries as well as the NBA Development League.
New alliance: On Tuesday, the Big East and Atlantic Coast Conference announced the creation of an officiating alliance, which will also include the Atlantic 10 and Colonial Athletic Association, which have collaborated with the ACC in the past.
The alliance will allow the conferences to work together on all officiating matters and is an attempt to improve officiating across the board. It allows for more logical scheduling for referees as well as a better evaluation process since referees will be assessed by all four conferences.
"The Big East has historically operated independently in officiating matters, and we now look forward to joining forces with the ACC, A10 and CAA to build on our existing program and to contribute to the long-term development of officiating across the NCAA," Big East commissioner Val Ackerman said in a statement.
The collaborative effort by the Big East, ACC, A10 and CAA is not unique. The Pac-12, Mountain West, West Coast Conference and Western Athletic Conference used a similar alliance last season.
About Matt Velazquez
Matt Velazquez covers Marquette athletics, primarily men's basketball.
@Matt_Velazquez
mvelazquez@journalsentinel.com
Latest Golden Eagles Blog Posts
Golden Eagles Alumni falls in TBT quarterfinals
Golden Eagles Alumni advance to TBT quarterfinals
Golden Eagles Alumni storms back to advance in TBT
Marquette releases full non-conference schedule for 2016-'17
Marquette to play Michigan in 2K Classic
Marquette to host Rockhurst for exhibition game November 7
Markus Howard, Team USA win U17 world championship
Golden Eagles Alumni seeded sixth in TBT's Midwest region
Marquette to host Fresno State in December
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2015-'16 schedule
For schedules, rosters, statistics and more from other Golden Eagles sports, visit the university's official Web site and the Big East site.
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Greenwash Backwash Backlash
Published as a podcast on Friday 24th February on iTunes, Stitcher and www.susbiz.biz
Hello. This is Anthony Day with your Sustainable Futures Report for Friday the 24th February. Welcome to listeners across the world - across five continents in nearly 100 countries. Thanks for listening: thanks for your feedback.
This week: more on the Greenpeace/HSBC palm oil story - and a different perspective. High speed rail and solar trains, a journey to the North Pole and we’re still waiting for a decision on Swansea Bay. Someone’s invented a robot that eats pollution, and what is a single-event upset?
As always, you'll find links to most of these stories below.
More about Greenpeace, HSBC and palm oil
I’m always grateful for feedback, so thank you to Ivana Jakubkova for taking me to task over my criticism of Greenpeace in the 10th February episode of the Sustainable Futures Report. You may remember that I was invited by Greenpeace to write to HSBC bank to complain about their financial support for companies that were devastating the environment in order to produce palm oil. I did so and received a detailed response from HSBC which made me wonder whether their actions were as bad as alleged. Then I got a message from Greenpeace thanking me for sending the letter to HSBC and urging me to forward a link to my friends. This link was for a video, based on a session with the Chief Executive of HSBC at the World Economic Forum in Davos, but heavily edited and intercut with scenes of forest devastation in order to promote the Greenpeace case. I wrote to Greenpeace and explained that I was unhappy with their position, particularly with this video. They wrote back and provided evidence to refute the responses which I'd reach received from HSBC. They did not, however, say anything about the video and that was withdrawn from the Internet earlier this week. Maybe I was not the only person who objected to it.
In the news this week HSBC have announced that they are doing more to distance themselves from the palm oil industry, which shows that the response that they sent to me was really only half the story.
https://www.ft.com/content/53376c78-f76a-11e6-bd4e-68d53499ed71
The new policy will require HSBC customers to:
• Commit to protecting natural forest and peat by June 30, 2017.
• Identify and protect forests and peat in new plantations prior to commencing new development.
• Provide independent verification of their NDPE commitments by December 31, 2018. (That’s No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation)
HSBC also announced that it will join the Banking Environment Initiative and the Tropical Forest Alliance (TFA), which is hosted by the World Economic Forum.
Greenpeace acknowledged the announcement as “a good first step”.
The following day HSBC announced a loss of $3.4 billion in the fourth-quarter, leading to a 62% drop in profits for the year. Schadenfreude for Greenpeace supporters.
I aim to be impartial in the Sustainable Futures Report and I research everything that I write. If you think I’ve got it wrong, I may well have. No room for alternative facts here! Please let me know. I still think that Greenpeace were wrong to use their heavily-edited video. We will always need campaigners and watchdogs like Greenpeace, but there’s always a risk in overstating the case. The corporations that we may oppose have endless resources and will use any excuse to rubbish a whole campaign, even on the basis of a small inaccuracy.
One point that HSBC made was that if they didn’t invest in companies they would have no influence over their operations. If they withdrew their loans then other less scrupulous banks would provide the funds. We need to seek out those banks as well.
I’ve been asked to talk to MBA students at the University of Huddersfield next month, on sustainability and business ethics. I think I’ve got a case study.
Swansea Bay
I promised you an update this week on Swansea Bay.
Swansea Council and over 100 MPs are urging the government to give the go-ahead to the Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon, an installation designed to generate electricity from the rise and fall of the tides.
Sir Charles Hendry, independent inspector and author of the Hendry Review, also urged the government to give the project the green light after finding that it would create thousands of jobs and generate environment-friendly electricity for 155,000 homes for 120 years.
He described the project as cost-effective, technologically-sound and would bring "significant economic opportunity" in its wake. He said the government should adopt a "no regrets" policy towards it.
It was hoped that a decision would be included in next month's budget, but it seems that there may well be further delays. It is suggested that the Hendry report did not go into sufficient detail on value for money.
Old Sparky, energy columnist in the satirical Private Eye newspaper, is sceptical of the project. He is also sceptical of the planned nuclear power station at Hinkley C, and of course that's another story. Sparky's concern is the cost of electricity. If it is calculated on a 35-year life, like a nuclear-power station, it will be very expensive. However, the promoters are asking for the price to be calculated on a 90-year life and, as seen above, the Hendry report anticipates that it will last much longer than that. Old Sparky also says that even with the four other tidal lagoons planned around the coast the varying timing of the tides will mean that the scheme is never able to meet a constant base load. That's fair enough, but like Hinckley C, the complete five-barrage project will only account for 8% of the nation’s electricity demand. It has the advantage of being much quicker to build than a nuclear power station, there will be no fuel costs once it is in operation because the tides are free and therefore it will bolster UK energy security because there will be no fuel to import. For the moment, we are still waiting and we have been waiting for years. In the meantime you can see more about the project on their website at http://www.tidallagoonpower.com.
The rail network in the UK is carrying more passengers than ever before. Following years of under-investment many parts are running close to capacity. Enter HS2, the high-speed line planned from London to the Midlands and eventually to the North. Many people, especially outside London, are unenthusiastic about the project. It looks too expensive and far too far into the future to be relevant.
HSUK is an alternative scheme developed by two qualified and experienced railway engineers which claims to provide far better connections between the principal cities in England and Scotland and to cost £20 billion less. £20 billion less than HS2 plus HS3, the proposed east-west line from Liverpool to Hull. The HSUK engineers have modelled the scheme in three dimensions and worked out detailed timetabling. Have a look at their website: highspeedUK.co.uk . You can download the brochure which includes the proposed network consisting of existing, new and upgraded lines. Here's what they say:
“HSUK fully supports the Government’s commitment to build a new generation of high speed lines. However, HS2 is the wrong solution in the wrong place. It will not provide the extra capacity and connectivity either to drive economic growth, or reduce transport CO2 emissions in line with the requirements of the 2008 Climate Change Act. HS2’s introduction threatens the fundamental integrity of the UK rail network.
“Neither the Government nor the 650 MPs in Parliament understand this problem, because their experts at the Department for Transport and HS2 Ltd do not understand the problem either, and have given them the wrong advice. “The wider British public sense much that is deeply wrong with HS2; it will cost too much, benefit too few and take far too long to deliver.
“This is why High Speed UK has been developed: it is different, better and cheaper than HS2.”
They continue:
“It is important to appreciate that High Speed UK is far more than just hopeful lines on a map; it is a complete design. It is the result of ten years’ work to design a better-connected and higher capacity UK rail network as a single holistic system. Its scope far exceeds that of HS2. Every straight, transition and curve has been mapped all the way from London to Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Teesside, Tyneside, Edinburgh and Glasgow. The HSUK scheme is ready for detailed design to start immediately. With much simpler construction along a far less controversial route following existing transport corridors, HSUK can be completed much more quickly than HS2 and HS3, at lower cost and to a higher specification.”
Bold claims. It’s certainly worth a look. One thing that appeals to me is that HSUK plans to serve city-centre stations whereas HS2 will use new out-of-town stations, partly to keep its lines as straight as possible for the planned very high speeds. HS2 may have shorter station-to-station times, but overall journey times could be the same or even longer. If you think that HSUK is a good idea they urge you to write to your MP. Might be a bit late, as I hear the HS2 legislation is before Parliament this week.
Solar Trains?
But how should we power our trains, whatever route we choose? Can we connect solar photovoltaics (PV) directly to railways to power electric trains? The Guardian newspaper reports that the charity 10:10 (https://1010uk.org) and researchers at Imperial College’s Energy Futures Lab are working on it. If it’s feasible, using solar energy to power trains solves a number of problems. Already electric trains are one of the cleanest forms of transport, but they can only be as clean as the source of the electricity. An increasing problem for renewable energy generators is the structure of the national power grid. It was designed for electricity to flow one way, from a relatively small number of generating stations to a large number of consumers, both industrial and domestic. In some areas renewable energy cannot be accepted into the grid because expensive modifications would be needed. The ideal for any solar or wind installation is to have a consumer close at hand and able to use 100% of all electricity produced. Maybe trackside solar farms could feed directly into the railway’s power system, with no need for a grid connection. Even better, railways use direct current which is what PV panels produce. They use a similar voltage as well. At home, we have to have an inverter which changes DC to AC and a transformer to bring it down to 230 volts to match the grid. This process absorbs about 3% of the output. No such problems if the panels are supplying DC direct to the user. Community Energy South, an umbrella group of renewable energy co-operatives is already working to identify promising sites where they could install a megawatt or two of trackside solar. Maybe such groups in other parts of the country should be doing the same.
The researchers see a major opportunity in India.
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/feb/15/solar-powered-trains-uk-india-renewables-tracks-electric?CMP=new_1194&CMP=
There they have over 25,000km of electrified tracks, and an electrification target of 2,000km of new tracks every year. And a lot of sunshine. Of course that raises the eternal question of what happens at night, but storage is rapidly developing. You may even remember Advanced Rail Energy Storage which I reported on on 6th May last year.
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/First-Grid-Scale-Rail-Energy-Storage-Project-Gets-Environmental-Approval-Fr
It consists of a very heavy train which travels slowly up an incline when there’s surplus electricity to power it, and then descends and generates electricity when it’s needed.
On a similar topic, solar farm specialist Lightsource http://www.lightsource-re.com has recently signed a 25 year power purchase agreement (PPA) with Belfast airport. This was enough to underwrite a neighbouring £5m solar farm, using a private wire to supply a quarter of the airport’s electricity needs.
Following last week’s Department of Missed Opportunities, here’s the Department of New Opportunities brought to you by Necessity, the Mother of Invention.
Remember the Samsung Galaxy note 7, the exploding phone? According to the i newspaper, Samsung have had to take back nearly 3 million of these phones after they were found to be unstable and could explode or burst into flames. This is equivalent to the contents of 28 shipping containers and the South Korean authorities have classed them as toxic waste and warned Samsung to dispose of them responsibly or face fines. Greenpeace and the Öko Institute have worked out that these phones between them will contain more than 30 metric tons of cobalt, more than a tonne of tungsten, between 20 kg and 60 kg of palladium, more than 100 kg gold and more than 1,000 kg of silver. All of these are expensive and difficult to extract and tungsten and other metals found in the phones are classed as conflict minerals. They come from war-torn countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the mines are guarded by child soldiers.
There have been calls on Samsung to recycle these phones which sounds a good idea and a step towards the circular economy to gladden the heart of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. ellenmacarthurfoundation.org In fact, Samsung will go one better, and rather than dismantling the phones for recycling they will remanufacture them, install them in new cases, provide them with lower capacity batteries which are expected to be safer and the units will be sold in India, Vietnam and other emerging markets.
https://qz.com/825764/dumping-4-3-million-samsung-ssnlf-galaxy-note-7-smartphones-is-an-environmental-debacle-that-could-show-us-how-to-recycle-ewaste/
Wouldn’t it be a good idea to have a phone designed so that it could be repaired or all the modules like the processor, the battery or the camera could be changed or upgraded to suit the user’s requirements or to cope with software updates? Of course, this is no news to the developers of the Fairphone. They have had a phone just like this for some years and Fairphone 2 is now available for preorder. It’s modular, repairable and contains no conflict minerals. Check it out at fairphone.com
RV Polarstern
Fancy getting away to sun, sea and sand? Well this trip won’t be for you. The Research Vessel Polarstern is setting off for a year-long voyage in the Arctic, where the sea will be frozen, there will be no sand except on the bottom of the ocean probably and by the end of the voyage it will be dark all the time.
Germany is going to sail its 120m-long research vessel into the sea-ice at the top of the world and just let it get stuck so it can drift across the north pole. Researchers hope to gather valuable new insights on the region where Earth's climate is changing fastest.
Last month the extent of Arctic sea-ice was the lowest ever recorded for a January (during the satellite era), with temperatures several degrees above the long-term average.
Prof Markus Rex will lead the so-called MOSAiC project - Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate:
"The decline of Arctic sea-ice,” he said, “is much faster than the climate models can reproduce and we need better climate models to make better predictions for the future.
"There is a potential that in a few decades the Arctic will be ice free in summer. That would be a different world and we need to know about that in advance; we need to know is that going to happen or will that not happen?”
Speaking at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Professor Rex, from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam, said: “The plan is to travel in summer when sea ice is thin and sea extent is much smaller.
We can travel along the Siberian coast and then make our way with our ice-breaker to the Siberian sector of the Arctic. Then we just stop the engines and drift with the sea ice.
“As the season proceeds the sea ice will grow and by late November we’ll sit in solid sea ice.
It will get colder; the ice will grow in extent and thickness. By then we’ll have set up a network of stations on the ice, some close and some 20 or 30km away.”
I understand that armed guards will be on hand to protect the researchers from polar bears. You must admire some people’s dedication to their science.
Following last week’s item on Marine Anthropogenic Litter you might be interested in this TED talk.
http://www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_rossiter_a_robot_that_eats_pollution?utm_source=tedcomshare&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=tedspread
Jonathan Rossiter talks about a robot that eats pollution - and by the way, it generates electricity as well.
And finally - the single-event upset
Is your smartphone freezing or your computer crashing? Blame it on outer space. Also at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Bharat Bhuva, professor of electrical engineering at Vanderbilt University, explained that showers of cosmic particles from outer space are causing havoc with electronic devices. Millions of these particles strike your body each second, but despite their numbers, this subatomic torrent is imperceptible and has no known harmful effects on living organisms. However, a fraction of these particles carries enough energy to interfere with the operation of microelectronic circuitry. When they interact with integrated circuits, they may alter individual bits of data stored in memory. This is called a single-event upset or SEU. The damaged data is called a bit-flip.
If this causes a blue screen or makes your phone hang that’s one thing, but the consequences can be more serious.
In 2008, the avionics system of a Qantas passenger jet flying from Singapore to Perth appeared to suffer from a single-event upset that caused the autopilot to disengage. As a result, the aircraft dived 690 feet in only 23 seconds, injuring about a third of the passengers seriously enough to cause the aircraft to divert to the nearest airstrip.
Ritesh Mastipuram and Edwin Wee at Cypress Semiconductor have calculated that a simple mobile phone should only have one potential error every 28 years. However, a person flying in an aeroplane at 35,000 feet (where radiation levels are considerably higher than they are at sea level) who is working on a laptop may experience one potential error every five hours.
In Belgium a bit flip in an electronic voting machine added 4,096 extra votes to one candidate. The error was only detected because it gave the candidate more votes than were possible. Just imagine if that happened to a computer in a restaurant and it ordered up, say, an extra 4,096 chicken portions. How would Deliveroo cope?
So perhaps it wasn’t the Russians who fixed the US election. Maybe it was little green men in outer space.
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-02-particles-outer-space-wreaking-low-grade.html#jCp
That's it for another week. I'm Anthony Day and you've been listening - and thank you very much for listening - to the Sustainable Futures Report. There will be another one next week.
I'm heavily involved in organising a conference at the moment and I can't tell you anything about it, but it will be exciting and interesting and have a lot to do with sustainability. It may happen in the autumn but it may not actually take place until Spring 2018. I'll keep you posted.
In the meantime, if you have a conference and you need a chair or a keynote speaker or you have a webinar and you need a facilitator or you're planning an award ceremony and you want a host you know where I am. Drop me a line at mail@anthony-day.com . If you have any comments or or suggestions or ideas that's the place to send them as well. Thank you for listening, thank you for your feedback. I look forward to hearing more in due course.
Posted by Anthony Day at Thursday, February 23, 2017 No comments:
It's All Up in the Air
Published as a podcast on Friday 17th February on iTunes, Stitcher and susbiz.biz
Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Is it a bee? Is it a robot bee? Or could it be a flying car?
Honey bees on brood comb
Yes, it’s Friday 17th February and here's this week’s edition of the Sustainable Futures Report with me, Anthony Day, with bees and robot bees, with flying cars and robots to help you park. Was Einstein right? There’s more about diesel and emissions tests and the implications of self driving cars for manufacturers. On the energy front Flamanville is in flames and Toshiba is in the news. The BBC is to measure the carbon footprint of every programme. Who said they were denialists?
In the US this week eighteen car companies have written to President Trump urging him to abolish the fuel efficiency target set by the Obama administration. The plan was that all new cars would have to achieve 54.5mpg by 2025. Quite a target, since the US gallon is some 17% smaller than the Imperial gallon used in the UK. This would save American motorists $1.7 trillion dollars over the lifetime of their cars but would cost the motor industry $200 billion over 13 years.
In the UK a new pressure group, Doctors against Diesel, is calling on Prime Minister Theresa May to take action to get diesel vehicles off the road as soon as possible. Particulates and nitrogen oxides from diesel vehicles cause up to 40,000 premature deaths in the UK each year, but they also cause lung disease and health problems in children. Just as well, then, that the EU has issued proposals for tighter controls for the testing of road vehicles. They make it quite clear that this initiative was partly driven by the Volkswagen scandal, when it was shown that cars from VW and certain other manufacturers had been programmed to give favourable results when running in a test environment.
The briefing paper is on the EU website:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/577978/EPRS_BRI(2016)577978_EN.pdf
The proposals are to tighten up the testing regime, make the testers completely independent of manufacturers and centralise control within the European Commission. According to the Commission, the expected reduction in non-compliant and unsafe automotive products on the EU market would deliver €13 billion of benefits a year, and the regulatory level playing field would benefit EU businesses.
There’s a long way to go before this becomes EU law and by then the UK may no longer be an EU member. Of course, any vehicles manufactured in the UK for sale in Europe will still need EU Type Approval.
There are some interesting statistics in the briefing paper. For example it starts by saying that the automotive industry is a major player in the European economy, accounting for 6.4% of gross domestic product and 2.3 million jobs in the European Union (EU). A chart shows that while Germany has the biggest car industry by value, the UK has by far the biggest automotive supply chain in Europe. In the UK there are 730 companies involved with vehicle or component manufacture: far more than France or Germany which each have fewer than 200. Presumably the UK exports components to Europe. Hopefully it will continue to do so after Brexit.
Just thinking aloud about self-driving cars. You can now get an app to use your ordinary car to help you find vacant parking space. This is improves the utilisation of parking spaces substantially and reduces the mileage involved in searching for them. When all car parks have been enabled for this technology the application will be integrated with your on-board satnav as standard. Now consider building this into a self drive car. The car will drop you at your destination and then go away and park itself. Consumers may decide that it's not worth owning a car when you can call one up whenever you want. In that case the only car that you need is the one that's nearest the door in the parking garage. These garages will no longer need access to each individual parking bay and there will be no need for pedestrian entrances, stairways or lifts. It has been estimated that the space required for parking in a given number of cars could be cut by up to 60%. And if the self-drive car becomes the taxi of the future, will we need them to be changed every three years? I’ve had my car for nearly 12 years and it’s as safe and reliable and performs as well as new. It’s also a hybrid, so it’s still far more economical than most newer cars on the road. If we treat our cars like taxis and not as must-have fashion statements to be upgraded nearly as often as a phone then we are going to need far fewer of them. Serious implications for a major industry. But much cleaner air.
Mind you, future may be the flying car, and it’s a lot closer than you think!
http://www.thenational.ae/business/aviation/dubai-to-launch-driverless-flying-cars-by-this-summer
Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) announced on Monday that flying cars would be launched in the state in July this year. The flying car was exhibited at the World Government Summit in Dubai this week and the chief of the RTA said a summer start date for flights is envisioned.
The Ehang 184 (made in China) is fitted with a touchscreen to the front of the passenger seat displaying a map of all destinations in the form of dots. It has preset routes and the passenger selects the intended destination. The vehicle will then start automatic operation, take off and cruise to the set destination before descending and landing in a specific spot. A ground-based centre will monitor and control the entire operation.
Meanwhile in the Netherlands PAL-V have announced a vehicle which will not only fly but run on the road as well. According to reports it will achieve 31mpg on the road and have a range of 817 miles. That means it will need to carry 120 litres of fuel, which sounds like an awful lot for a two-seater three-wheeler. In the air the vehicle has a range of 310 miles. At around $500,000 I don’t fancy going up in one any time soon. With all that fuel I don’t think I’d be very happy to be underneath one, either.
https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/13/pal-v-begins-pre-sales-of-its-flying-car-starting-at-400000/
Carbon footprints at the BBC
The BBC has announced that from April this year all of its TV programming within factual, comedy, drama, entertainment and daytime will have to track their carbon footprint using the Albert carbon calculator. This, says the BBC, marks its commitment to reducing its environmental impact and is part of its wider sustainability plan.
https://calc.wearealbert.org
I hinted earlier that the BBC are denialists, which is not really fair. There is a problem, though, in that they always seek balance and give equal weight to both sides of the climate debate as though the credentials of both were equal. For example they may balance a former Government Scientific Advisor with someone like arch-denialist Lord Lawson. Lord Lawson has very strong views against the idea of man-made climate change and is presented as an expert. In fact he has no scientific qualifications and all he has to offer are unfounded opinions. The time has long gone for campaigners against smoking to be put up against smokers. That science is accepted. The same should be true of global warming.
Of course you could say, “Anthony Day has no scientific qualifications. Why should we take any notice of what he puts in the Sustainable Futures Report?” My answer is that when I quote facts I aim to quote them from people who are qualified to know the scientific truth. Wherever possible I include links to my sources and you can find them on the text version of the Sustainable Futures Report at anthonyday.blogspot.com.
A quick update on energy. As I said at the start, Flamanville has been in flames and Toshiba is in the news.
You will remember that Flamanville is the site of the new nuclear-power station being built to the same design as the proposed station at Hinckley C. As a result of technical difficulties it is seriously delayed and vastly over budget. There is already a nuclear power station operating on the site which is in Normandy, in Northern France, not far from the Channel Islands. Residents of Guernsey were concerned last week to see smoke rising from the site. An explosion injuring five workers had occurred and caused a fire. This had nothing to do with any part of the nuclear process, but the reactor was shut down in any case as a precaution. This comes at a time when there is controversy in France over the future of nuclear power. France has a higher proportion of nuclear electricity than almost any other country and has had to take all its stations down one after the other for extended maintenance following faults discovered as part of the construction process at Flamanville. There are proposals to cut back France’s nuclear power to 50% of national generation by 2025, from over 60%. Apart from the technical difficulties and the enormous cost of replacing the ageing nuclear fleet, it was pointed out that France has no uranium. 36% of the world’s uranium comes from Kazakhstan, with another 27% from Australia and Canada.
http://www.itv.com/news/channel/update/2017-02-14/deputy-reassures-islanders-plans-are-in-place-in-the-event-of-a-nuclear-incident/
The news about Toshiba is that it plans to build no more nuclear power stations outside Japan. This follows news that its nuclear business, seen as its core activity, led to a $6.3bn write-down this week, and the resignation of Toshiba’s president. The company may be bankrupt: the story continues to unfold. This comes as unwelcome news to NuGen, the company responsible for building a new nuclear power station with Toshiba at Moorside in Cumbria. They say they are confident that the project will go ahead, but Toshiba has said that while it will continue to be involved in the development of the Cumbrian plant, it will not be willing to take on any construction risk. Delays seem inevitable and raise further doubts over the British government’s long term plans for keeping the lights on.
What about the Swansea Bay lagoon? We’ll talk about that next time.
Albert Einstein is supposed to have said, “If the bee disappeared from the surface of the earth, man would have no more than four years to live. No more bees, no more pollination … no more men!”
He almost certainly never said it: the earliest reference to the remark dates from the 1990s, some 40 years after the great man died. Also, it’s not true. Although bees and other insects are vital to the pollination of many food crops, the staples like wheat and other cereals are pollinated by the wind.
I’m a beekeeper and I am very concerned that bees should be preserved. I'm currently nursing three colonies through the winter and looking forward to them pollinating all manner of plants and producing honey next summer. My reaction this week to the report in Cell Press cell.com of a robot bee was partly incredulity and partly anger.
Robot Bee
Yes, as the pictures in the paper showed, Japanese researchers have developed a drone-based unit which can carry pollen from flower to flower. The risk is that everyone will think that the panic is over, we don't need bees and we don't need to worry about them. The robots will do it all. That’s why I’m angry, because that’s just not true.
It seems that the unique element of this Japanese research was the creation of a gel which will pick up pollen and also allow it to be deposited on other plants. The picture in the paper showed the drone hovering over one of those enormous lilies that you get at weddings and other special occasions. A large flower with pollen-laden stamens which stick right out.
Now let's compare this with what happens in nature. In the height of summer each of my beehives will contain around 60,000 bees. Of these, some 20,000 will be regularly leaving the hives on foraging trips to collect pollen and nectar, and incidentally pollinating the flowers they visit. The rest of the bees have other duties within the hive. From this you can see that attempting to pollinate flowers by using drones is totally impractical. Quite apart from the number of drones that would be needed, will they ever build a drone small enough to pollinate apples and pears and cherries and oranges, and beans and peas, courgettes, raspberries, strawberries, aubergines, gooseberries, blackcurrants and all the rest? Drones will never manage to penetrate the tiny flowers of heather, and they will certainly never make any honey!
Threats to Bees
We probably won’t starve if the bees die out, but we will have a very plain diet. We need to take action to preserve them. What’s the problem? Colony collapse disorder is frequently mentioned; a situation where bees just abandon their hives and disappear. It happens widely among bee farmers in the US but seems to be less common here in the UK, at least among hobby beekeepers. It could be something to do with the way that bee farmers treat their bees in the US. They make much more money from hiring out their bees to farmers who need their crops pollinated than they do from producing honey. First is the almond harvest, so the hives are loaded onto trucks and driven across the country. The bees successfully pollinate the trees but almond trees produce very little nectar. The farmers feed them on corn syrup instead, which is not their natural diet. Once the almond blossom is over it's back on the truck for another journey to the blueberry fields or the apricot groves or whatever else needs pollinating. Typically they will be transported to at least four different locations in a season. As long as they can fly, they are worth money to the farmer. For the sake of hygiene, beekeepers in the UK will change the wax combs in each hive every two or three years. As I understand it, bee farmers whose main business is pollination just use the same frames until they fall apart.
Quite apart from how they treat their bees, beekeepers on both sides of the Atlantic are faced with pests and diseases. Varroa is a parasite which lives on bees, preferably on developing larvae, which means that when they develop these larvae may be infected or deformed. Twice a year, when there is no honey on the hive, we medicate the bees to keep the varroa down. Some of the bee diseases, but not many, can be treated. Veterinary medicines for bees are expensive and very carefully controlled, not least to make sure that the honey is never contaminated. In the worst cases all the bees in an infected hive must be killed to prevent them spreading disease to other colonies and then the hive is burnt.
The latest threat comes from the Asian hornet. This is a non-native species which has been moving steadily northwards through Europe and a nest was found in the UK in 2016. The Asian hornet predates on honey bees. It hovers outside the hive and attacks and carries off bees. When it finds a hive it will recruit reinforcements from its nest and between them the Asian hornets will strip the hive clean. They also have a very nasty sting so they are a threat to the beekeeper as well as to the bees. Various traps and a range of baits are recommended to keep the Asian hornet under control. We will learn from experience in the coming season whether any of them works.
Probably the most controversial issue regarding bees is the question of neonicotinoid pesticides. Neonics are systemic, which means that they are applied to the seed as a dressing and their active ingredients are transferred into the sap of the plant and probably the nectar as well. Studies have shown that neonicotinoids can affect the nervous system of the bee and in particular its navigation, which means it may fly out and never find its way back. Studies have not yet shown whether bees can get a sufficient dose of neonicotinoids from foraging in treated plants to affect them in this way. Some say that we should adopt the precautionary principle and ban neonicotinoids until such research is complete. The farmers say that without such pesticides their crops, principally oil seed rape, are at risk. The problem is that if neonics are banned the farmers may go back to spraying, which could have a far worse effect on bees - and other pollinating insects. It is open to question how this issue will be resolved particularly post Brexit. Politicians need to take the best advice. Not just the loudest. Avaaz, the international campaign organisation, is currently urging people to lobby the Canadian government to ban neonics. Friends of the Earth has also been very active in this area.
Warm Bees in Winter
I mentioned earlier that I am currently nursing three colonies of bees through the winter. This amounts largely to leaving them to their own devices. I have wrapped the hives in wire netting to keep out the woodpeckers and I've put a grill along the front to keep out the mice. Normally, bees would live on the honey that they've gathered during the summer. I've pinched that, so in the autumn I gave them lots of sugar syrup which they took down and stored in the hive. When the weather gets cold the bees all cluster together around the Queen. They do this to keep her as warm as possible and they consume honey and shiver their wing muscles to develop heat. Unfortunately, if it gets very cold the bees remain tightly in their cluster and if they have consumed all the honey close by they can fail to access the honey in other parts of the hive and in the colony will starve. My job is to watch out for this, and if necessary to put sugar fondant in the hive directly above the cluster so that the bees can find it.
In a recent paper published in the International Journal of Biometeorology, author Derek Mitchell suggests that clustering is not a natural behaviour of bees and occurs only as an emergency response to cold temperatures.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1057-z
In his research he measured the temperature and humidity inside various types of hive - wooden hives, polystyrene hives and even a dung-coated straw skep. He also made a mock-up of a nest inside a tree-trunk, the sort of place where bees in the wild would naturally live. The results showed that the tree-trunk was by far the best insulated of them all, and that there was nowhere on earth cold enough - even in Siberia - to drive bees living inside a tree into a cluster. They were always able to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity, because the thickness of the wood retained the heat. Indications were that these conditions reduced the breeding success of the varroa mite by 98% and there was a smaller incidence of nosema, a common bee disease. The next best hive was the skep made of twisted straw and coated with dung. Behind that came the polystyrene hives and a very long way behind them came the traditional wooden hive which I and everyone I know uses. Given that the walls in a wooden hive can be less than 20mm thick, it’s a struggle for bees in winter to maintain their normal temperatures in excess of 30℃. Even in summer UK temperatures rarely reach 30℃, so the bees are having to expend energy, which could otherwise go into honey production, to keep the hive warm.
Derek Mitchell has built hives from 50mm Recticel, an insulating board used by the construction industry. He finds that this can give the same results as a nest within a tree. I’ve looked into building my own hives from this material, but the key thing with bees is that dimensions are crucial and I haven’t got the equipment for accurate cutting. Still, I may look into making covers for my wooden hives for next winter.
There has been controversy among beekeepers for years over whether it’s better to keep bees warm in winter. Mitchell’s research strongly indicates that it is. If we can remove one more stress factor from our bees by keeping them warm, maybe we can reduce the occurrence of colony collapse. And safeguard our apples and pears and all our other lovely summer fruit.
Here we are again at the end of another edition of Sustainable Futures Report. This is Anthony Day thanking you for listening and promising to be back next week with more news, opinions and ideas. Thanks for the feedback. It's been suggested that I should look at social issues relating to sustainability, and renewable energy, among other things. Keep the ideas coming and I’ll do my best to keep up. Oh, and do tell your friends to listen or look at the blog on anthonyday.blogspot.com. There’s no charge. I make nothing out of this except the knowledge that I’m able to inform like-minded people.
That’s it then, for this episode of the Sustainable Futures Report. I’m Anthony Day and thanks for listening.
Posted by Anthony Day at Wednesday, February 15, 2017 No comments:
It's not Cricket!
Find the podcast on iTunes or via www.susbiz.biz from Friday 10th February
It’s Not Cricket!
Cricket, (no the game, not the insect), could be at threat from climate change according to the MCC and the Climate Coalition. The government's White Paper on Brexit is published and Martin Baxter comments on the implications for the environment. News from Scotland about a lamp post which generates its own electricity and statistics from the SMMT about diesel cars. I also ask why marine anthropogenic litter is an issue for us all, whether Greenpeace has overstepped itself this time, I introduce another candidate for the Department of Missed Opportunities, and Sir David King warns that time is no longer on our side.
Yes, hello, this is Anthony Day with your Sustainable Futures Report for Friday 10th February. Welcome to all listeners in 40 countries across five continents. And a particularly special welcome to my listener in Haiti.
Brexit White Paper
The British government has published its Brexit White Paper setting out its “vision of what we are seeking to achieve in negotiating our exit from, and new partnership with, the European Union”.
Martin Baxter, Chief Policy Officer at IEMA, gave us his thoughts about Brexit and environmental legislation in the Sustainable Futures Report for 21st January. Now the White Paper is out he has some points to add and you can read his post on LinkedIn. The issues I picked out of his piece were
it’s not clear whether post-Brexit laws will be amended or repealed by Parliament or whether this power could be delegated to Ministers. This could have implications for environmental quality standards.
Nevertheless, it looks as though we will retain a link to European standards through BSI via CEN, the European standards body which isn’t an EU institution, but does accept mandates from the European Commission.
The Government has re-stated its commitment to enhancing natural capital over a generation. We’re still waiting for Defra's 25yr environment plan to provide more on this - any day now.
The Government re-states its commitment to the Climate Change Act 2008 and links this to support for international work to drive climate ambition.
The White Paper is silent on air quality – save that existing EU targets will be incorporated into UK law through the Great Repeal Bill. The government has recently been prosecuted (twice) for failing to meet these targets so we can only hope that in adopting them it intends to respect them.
As I said, the full text of Martin’s summary is on his LinkedIn page.
Wind-powered Lamp-posts
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-38883539
News from Scotland this week that IT company, NVT Group, has joined forces with Own Energy Solutions to develop wind turbines which attach to lamp-posts. They foresee 'huge export potential’, in addition to the two million lamp posts in the UK which could be suitable for conversion. Metered, clean energy could be fed directly into the National Grid and the company said that as a result, each suitable lamp-post conversion would save half a ton of carbon being released into the atmosphere. I spoke to NVT and asked them how the units would cope with turbulence from passing traffic and whether they would be made in Scotland. They agreed to get back to me, but had not done so by the recording deadline.
The report reminded me of the lamp posts which I wrote about in my 2007 book, Will Climate Change your Life?
Photo: eets.co.uk
These were in Woking, Surrey, in the UK, and they not only had vertical wind turbines but also solar panels. They were designed to store enough energy in batteries to keep them running for 5 days in cloudy, windless conditions. Woking does not seem to have rolled out a large number, but manufacturers EETS eets.co.uk tell me that the product, the Hybrolight, is still available and each one is individually designed for its specific location. While the NVT units appear to require a grid connection, the Hybrolight can be totally free-standing and operate without an external power supply. In the 10 years since I wrote about these lamps we have seen dramatic developments in batteries, LED lights and solar PV technology, coupled with dramatic falls in costs. I’m sure there’s a bright future for this idea.
End of the road for diesel?
According to the Telegraph a scrappage scheme for diesel cars could be introduced within months as part of a plan to lower emissions and improve air quality across the country.
Apparently work is under way by officials in the Department for Transport and Defra on a scheme to offer cashback or a discount on low-emission cars if people trade in their old polluting vehicles.
Chris Grayling, the Transport Secretary, reportedly told industry experts that he supports plans for a scrappage scheme, but that it must be properly targeted.
It follows a dramatic warning earlier this month after a number of London boroughs issued black alerts for toxic air quality and the city's Mayor was forced to call on people to stay indoors and put off exercise until the levels improved. Westminster council introduced a 50 per cent surcharge on parking for diesel cars in a bid to drive them out of the borough.
The bad publicity has also hit diesel sales. The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) reports that while overall car sales increased by 2.9% in January, sales of diesel cars were down 4.3% on the same month last year. Sales of alternative fuel vehicles - pure electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid - rose by nearly 20%, but that’s easily achieved from a very low base. To put things in perspective, of the 175,000 new cars registered in January 7,300 were alternative fuel vehicles, but only 1,010 were pure electric. For the moment at least you should always be able to find a vacant charging point.
Marine Anthropogenic Litter
What is Marine Anthropogenic Litter and why should it concern us? In a recent presentation Dr Lucy Woodall of the Department of Zoology at Oxford University explained that it is pollution of the seas with the waste that we humans create. It’s easy to believe that all this pollution comes from shipping, but that’s far from the truth. In fact, almost anything which gets in to a watercourse ends up in the sea. That can be a plastic bag which blows into the river, a cigarette end washed into the gutter, agricultural run-off or industrial waste. Most of the material polluting the oceans starts on land. The oceans are becoming the world’s rubbish sink, with vast areas of rubbish swirling in the gyres, the circular currents in the southern oceans.
Pollution comes in various forms. Degraded plastic is a common sight on beaches, but micro-plastics, where plastics are eroded into minute particles or nurdles (lovely word) which are fragments of plastic raw material, can be a more serious threat. Plastics are generally considered inert, so they may be untidy but perhaps not dangerous. However, they may not be so benign. Of course as bags or ropes they can trap or choke sea creatures. Some chemical pollutants are hydrophobic and float on the surface of the water. Now they can be absorbed by the floating micro-plastics and then maybe ingested by fish. Eventually the contaminated micro-plastics may sink, taking chemicals to the bottom of the ocean to places where they would never normally reach.
Abandoned fishing gear can trap fish; floating plastics can form wind-blown rafts which can carry chemicals and organisms thousands of miles from their source to contaminate distant lands. Every fish we eat is likely to contain some micro plastics. There’s no data yet on how this will affect us or whether there is a safe daily helping of fish.
But there’s good news! There are many positive initiatives towards cleaning up the oceans, or at least preventing the the problem from getting worse. They’re all good ideas, but they probably need to be geared up 10-fold or more to have a significant impact. They include
http://baltimorewaterfront.com/healthy-harbor/water-wheel/
Baltimore’s “Mr. Trash Wheel” combining old and new technology to harness the power of water and sunlight to collect litter and debris flowing down the Jones Falls River.
Banning plastic micro-beads from cosmetics and cleaning products
Banning plastic shopping bags
Rubbish-catching barges on London’s River Thames
MARPOL - the marine pollution convention governing shipowners.
The Sea Bin - a floating rubbish collector
One less plastic bottle - a campaign to remind you to take a bottle of water from home, rather than buying a new one every time
The Project Ocean Partnership, which includes among others the Zoological Society of London, Selfridges, Greenpeace and the Marine Reserves Coalition. They say: “By 2025 there will be one tonne of plastic for every three tonnes of fish in the world’s oceans if nothing changes.”
There’s a clear message about plastic here. It’s in almost everything we use or wear. There’s a link here with the circular economy which I’ve mentioned in previous episodes. In the circular economy there is no waste: everything that is discarded becomes raw material for new production. If we re-use all our plastics we stop adding them to our waste stream, but much needs to change before that can happen. The fundamental issue is assigning responsibility for pollution. At present manufacturers have no responsibility for the disposal of their products - that’s the consumer’s problem. Manufacturers have no obligation to make their products capable of recycling or repair. Planned obsolescence is alive and well. If the consumer doesn’t throw the product away the consumer won’t be buying a new one. There are clear commercial pressures. After all, making, distributing and selling a new one supports jobs.
Solving this problem will need government intervention. We need to make it more expensive to throw things away. We need more plastic recycling facilities. Nearly all plastics can be recycled, but if there are no local facilities it’s rarely cost-effective to send them away for recycling - and the transport involves a carbon footprint. Despite this, there are simple things we can do and signs we are doing them. Now where’s that plastic water bottle I’m going to refill?
Climate Change is not Cricket
Lords, the home of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), announced this week that it had become the first cricket ground in the country to run on 100% renewable energy. The new Warner Stand, which will be opened in April 2017, is symbolic of MCC’s sustainability drive. This innovative structure, designed by architects Populous, includes photovoltaic roof panels for electricity generation and a state-of-the-art water collection and recycling system.
At the same time, new figures revealed the increasing disruption to cricket caused by extreme weather patterns. Extreme weather in December 2015, which has been linked to climate change, caused more than £3.5 million worth of damage across 57 cricket clubs. Two cricket grounds, at Sowerby Bridge in West Yorkshire and Appleby Eden in Cumbria, remain unplayable.
The announcement at Lords launched the annual ‘Show The Love’ campaign from The Climate Coalition, and the publication of its ’Weather Warning’ report highlighting how extreme weather conditions are affecting some of Britain’s favourite places - from gardens to local pubs, rivers to our parish churches, iconic cliffs to woodlands. As well as cricket grounds.
Department of Missed Opportunities
I’m afraid this launch by the Climate Coalition qualifies for this week’s referral to the Department of Missed Opportunities
https://youtu.be/zD3YxrZdyzo
The Climate Coalition launched its #ShowTheLove campaign with a new video on YouTube (full link on the blog at AnthonyDay.blogspot.com .) “This is a love song,” they say, “like you've never heard before. It is the sound of the nation, of people across the country coming together to #ShowTheLove for the life they hold dear and want to protect from climate change.”
It’s certainly a piece of art with memorable photographs, poetry, music and celebrity cameos, but I wonder whether it will actually change anything. It closes with this message on the screen: “Climate change is threatening the things we love but it's not too late to protect them if enough of us show we care.” This stays on the screen for 5 seconds which is barely enough time to read it and then the website address appears, and shows up for even less time. In case you missed it, it’s sharethelove.org.uk which redirects to fortheloveof.org.uk. And this is a lavish website, but it’s not clear what it is or what it’s for - at least not at first sight. It reminds me of an article by Malcolm Gladwell who wrote about something like the curse of too much knowledge. For example, if you work in an organisation that uses jargon every day it becomes second nature and blindingly obvious, but it’s easy to forget that it means nothing at all to outsiders. I’m sure that whoever created this website knows what it’s about, but I don’t.
And then there’s that report,“Weather Warning”, but I couldn’t find it on the Climate Coalition website. On the fortheloveof site there’s a news link. But the top story is “Historic Climate Deal reached in Paris”. Yep, that was in December 2015. Nothing about any report. Then I eventually found the Weather Warning report behind a link called “Special Places Report”.
When I finally got into the report I found the foreword had been written by Professor Piers Forster, Director, Priestley International Centre for Climate at Leeds University.
You may remember him from the episode “Can we trust the IPCC?”, which appeared on this podcast on 10th November 2014. No? Oh, well it’s still available.
Anyway, it’s a detailed and well-presented report with a dozen case studies about special places in Britain under threat. It ends with reasons to be cheerful and on page 34 it tells us “the Show The Love campaign is encouraging people from all walks of life to show they care by wearing and sharing green hearts in the week of 7th-14th February to stir feelings, spark thoughts, begin conversations and show politicians that we are passionate about protecting our world - not just for ourselves, but for generations to come.”
A very important message, but tucked away at the back of a report which itself was almost impossible to find. And where can I get a green heart? From the website of course, but there’s no link from the home page to the green hearts page - you can only find it by googling. And when you’re there, it’s a guide to make your own. Do let me know if you see anyone wearing a green heart this week.
Dealing with climate change is a very difficult but vitally important message. The Climate Coalition has clearly put a lot of effort into all this, but I don’t think it’s worked. It’s an urgent message.
https://www.energyvoice.com/otherenergy/130706/time-no-longer-side-uk-govt-climate-change-expert/
reports that Sir David King, former chief government scientific advisor, said this week that time is no longer on our side. “In a worst case scenario,” he said, “some of mankind’s greatest cities could flood, economies could collapse and millions of people be left starving to death.
“The risks of global warming are really quite severe. If we don’t manage this problem we are going to be faced with quite dramatic challenges to all of our economies.
“We could see sea level rises in the region of metres if we are very unlucky – and we have to look at the possibility of being very unlucky.
“Cities that are based on coastlines – Calcutta, Mumbai, Shanghai, New York and London – these are all at risk if sea levels rise.” He was speaking at the Energy Institute in Aberdeen, and went on to say, “Quite frankly it took us 21 years to get that agreement in Paris. We really have wasted an awful lot of time. Time is no longer on our side. We need to move on this and we need to move on this quickly.”
It’s generally impossible to motivate people with bad news. But Sir David cited money, the great motivator.
He claimed that the marketplace for innovative technology to decarbonise the energy industry was worth trillions of dollars over the coming decades.
He added: “We really need to be shifting away from fossil fuels to provide all of the energy that we need.” (Opportunity for wind-powered lampposts here!)
“We have to replace that with renewable energies, energy storage, smart grids – new clean technologies coming through to the market place.
“My message”, he concluded, “is that this new marketplace is the new wealth creating opportunity for the global economy.”
Greenwash backwash
Are you a member of Greenpeace? I'm not, although I do support some of their campaigns. I had an email recently inviting me to write to the bank HSBC to complain about their support of the palm oil industry. I did so, because I am aware that in Indonesia the industry has caused destruction of forests and widespread burning is causing soil erosion, atmospheric pollution, dispossession of local inhabitants and destruction of wildlife habitats. I got a detailed letter in response and it's made me think very hard about whether HSBC was as bad as Greenpeace claimed. Greenpeace also sent me a link which I could forward to my friends. (I didn’t.) I looked at it and it was a video of Stuart Gulliver, HSBC Group Chief Executive being interviewed at the recent World Economic Forum in Davos. The footage was intercut with shots of construction equipment destroying forests and it made HSBC look very bad and complacent. I sought out the original video from the World Economic Forum and viewed the complete interview. It doesn't do Greenpeace any favours and demonstrates how they have distorted things through selective editing. If you want to check it for yourself, the video is called A New Chapter for Climate Action at weforum.org and the section in question comes about 9 minutes before the end. I’m all in favour of protest, but only when it’s justified and founded on fact. I’ll certainly think twice before responding to the next appeal from Greenpeace.
And so here we are again, at the end of another episode of the Sustainable Futures Report. I started this week concerned that I would have nothing at all to write about but it just goes to show that stories about sustainability bubble up all the time. There will be more next week. If there is anything in particular you'd like me to focus on drop me a line. mail@anthony-day.com.
Thank you across the world for listening. This is Anthony Day, and as I said before I'm always available to chair your conference, host your awards ceremony, facilitate your webinar or deliver a keynote speech. But for the moment, until next week, that's it.
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August 2013 Aviation Aerospace Defence Industry Air Force Military News
First production A400M Airbus Military transport aircraft flies in Turkish Air force colours 2908131
Posted On Thursday, 29 August 2013 16:44
First production A400M Airbus Military transport aircraft flies in Turkish Air force colours
The first production Airbus Military A400M new generation airlifter for the Turkish Air Force (TAF) has been painted and flown for the first time in its new markings. The aircraft is the first of ten ordered by Turkey and will be delivered in the coming weeks.
United States government agree to sell AH-64 Apache attack helicopters to Indonesia 2708131
Posted On Tuesday, 27 August 2013 11:41
United States government agree to sell AH-64 Apache attack helicopters to Indonesia
Indonesia obtained approval from U. S. government on its proposal to acquire AH-64 Apache combat helicopters with procurement document signed by Indonesian Defense Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro and visiting U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel here on Monday, August 26, 2013.
New Chinese attack helicopter WZ-10 launched successfully its first air-to-air missile 2608131
Posted On Monday, 26 August 2013 10:09
New Chinese attack helicopter WZ-10 launched successfully its first air-to-air missile
China's first self-developed modern military attack helicopter WZ-10 has launched its first air-to-air missile and successfully intercepted low-altitude targets.
F-35C completes first in-flight refuel with United States Air Force KC-135 tanker aircraft 2508134
Posted On Sunday, 25 August 2013 18:12
F-35C completes first in-flight refuel with United States Air Force KC-135 tanker aircraft
On Aug. 20, an F-35 Lightning II carrier variant (CV) refueled from a U.S. Air Force KC-135 for the first time. With the completion of this test, the F-35C joins the A and B models in proving that all three variants of the F-35 can be refueled from a common tanker platform, despite different methods.
Russian Air Force will procure up to 60 Mi-28UB training variant of Mi-28UB night attack helicopter 1108131
Russian Air Force will procure up to 60 Mi-28UB training variant of Mi-28UB night attack helicopter
The Russian Defense Ministry will procure up to 60 Mi-28UB helicopters to improve the training of pilots for Mi-28N gunships, the Air Force commander said. The Mi-28UB is a combat training variant of the Mi-28N Night Hunter attack helicopter that can be operated both from the pilot's cockpit and the flight instructor's cockpit as it is equipped with a dual hydromechanical flight control system.
Two MV-22B Osprey tiltrotor aircraft completed longest distance flight in the Pacific Region 0808131
Two MV-22B Osprey tiltrotor aircraft completed longest distance flight in the Pacific Region
Two MV-22B Ospreys completed the longest distance Osprey tanking mission to date in the Pacific region Aug. 2-5, beginning from Marine Corps Air Station Futenma and ending in Townsville, Australia. The aircrews conducted aerial refueling operations during tanking missions to extend their flight range, reducing the number of required landings and shortening the mission timeline.
Russian Air Force will take delivery this year of first fifth-generation T-50 fighter aircraft 0708132
Posted On Wednesday, 07 August 2013 12:30
Russian Air Force will take delivery this year of first fifth-generation T-50 fighter aircraft
The Russian Air Force will take delivery of its first fifth-generation T-50 fighter jet "in the third quarter of this year" for final state test flights starting in the fourth quarter, the service's commander Lt. Gen. Viktor Bondarev said, Tuesday, August 6, 2013.
Naval fighter aircraft F-35B STOVL for U.S. Marine Corps completes 500th vertical landing 0708131
Naval fighter aircraft F-35B STOVL for U.S. Marine Corps completes 500th vertical landing
The Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] F-35B short takeoff/vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft completed its 500th vertical landing August 3. BF-1, the aircraft which completed this achievement, also accomplished the variant’s first vertical landing in March 2010 at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Md.
Iranian Air Force overhauls two Mirage F1 fighter aircraft 0508131
Iranian Air Force overhauls two Mirage F1 fighter aircraft
Iranian experts in Shahid Nasser Habibi air base in Northeastern Iran managed to overhaul two mirage F-1 fighter jets, the Air Force announced on Sunday, August 5, 2013. The Dassault Mirage F1 is a French air fighter and attack aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation as a successor of the Mirage III family. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 23 December 1966.
French Air Force officially takes delivery of first A400M new generation of military transport aircraft 0208132
Posted On Friday, 02 August 2013 12:30
French Air Force officially takes delivery of first A400M new generation of military transport aircraft
Airbus Military has formally delivered the first A400M new generation airlifter, which is known in French service as the A400M Atlas, to the French Air Force, a milestone marking the beginning of the transformation of military air transport in Europe and beyond. This delivery, just authorized by the French procurement agency DGA, enables the aircraft, MSN7, to join tomorrow the French airbase of Orleans-Bricy where it will be based with the French Air Force.
Eurocopter delivered the first NH90 NFH Naval Helicopter to the Belgium Armed Forces 0208131
Eurocopter delivered the first NH90 NFH Naval Helicopter to the Belgium Armed Forces
Eurocopter delivered the first NH90 NFH (NATO Frigate Helicopter) to the Belgium Armed Forces, providing an advanced, highly capable and fully-qualified rotary-wing aircraft for this nation’s multi-role mission requirements. In addition to being the no. 1 NH90 NFH received by Belgium, it also is the first built at Eurocopter’s Donauwörth, Germany industrial site – demonstrating this facility’s capability to assemble and deliver these new-generation twin-engine helicopters.
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The reality of environmental protection in Poland
by Michał Olszewski
The political changes in Poland have claimed ecology as another victim. For conservative politicians, ecology is just a dangerous whim and they would very happily spend the money allocated to it elsewhere. Michał Olszewski takes a critical look.
Polish forests – and polish citizens – are in danger from the right’s short-sighted environmental policy (Photo by Jacek Karczmarz, edited, CC BY-SA 2.0)
For the Polish Right (both the politicians and the publicists who support them) environmental protection is the unwanted offspring of the democratic transformation. For as long as I can remember, conservatives have been very energetic in their opposition to decarbonisation, brandishing their tired-out arguments about the national economy, sentimental justifications or references to real improvements in environmental conditions in other areas. They have treated climate change as the invention of western lobbyists. Ultimately, one can even take environmental protection as a sign of madness, as the chairman of the Polish ruling party PiS, Jarosław Kaczyński, did in one interview.
Dirty air: Warsaw vs Brussels
After the Right took power, that rhetoric took on material form. The evidence is endless: a month ago the Minister for the Environment Jan Szyszko took the European Parliament to the European Court of Justice. The reason? Pollution emission standards are, according to Szyszko, excessive, and Poland has no intention of adopting them. Poland is a country in which winter brings some of Europe’s highest levels of smog. The country suffocates in a cocktail of particulate matter, carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene, and nitrogen and sulphur compounds.
The fight for clean air has powerful opponents – mainly the mining lobby, which sells minimum-quality coal to Polish households. Added to that is the reluctance of politicians who believe that it is better to have terrible air and a market for failing mines than clean air and protesting miners. Local solutions do not help because they are not accompanied by systemic activities, which not only the PiS government fears. The Civic Platform (PO) government was also for years in no hurry to adopt any such activities.
As a result, there are winter months in which cities and mountain spa towns experience smog levels on par with those of Beijing. The case in the ECJ means that, instead of working on solving the smog problem, the government wants Brussels to retract its anti-smog policy. It is also doing this at a time when European operations are picking up the pace and there are consequences for those not taking up the fight against smog. Meanwhile, the Polish government is making a clear declaration that it will not be fighting smog. This is an attempt to halt the development, scientific research and local community efforts which were the vanguard of the fight against smog and which had expected the support of the state.
Moreover, Jan Szyszko has perpetuated the view of Poland abroad as a country that prefers to be wreathed in toxic smoke than to try to clear the air. It is a risky business that Poland may now be seen not only as a country detached from the EU politically, but also socially and in terms of health policy.
It is worth noting as an aside that with this decision, the minister has opened up another front in the fight against Brussels. For years Poland has failed to meet EU air quality requirements and ignored calls from Brussels. If Warsaw declares war on Brussels over smog, it will mean that smog has poisoned its ability to think clearly. Thus far, the Union has treated Poland lightly, but now it will try to enforce the meeting of obligations, or impose a gigantic fine on Warsaw.
The thorn in the forester’s side
The Białowieża Forest is another matter. In one of the most valuable lowland forests in Europe, mass fellings are taking place. The environment minister decided that the bark beetle plague supposedly killing the forest requires radical action. He has also banned tourists from entering the forest: it appears that there are so many dead trees that they might fall on hikers’ heads. Ecologists believe that it is a pretext to prevent outsiders from witnessing the effects of the fellings.
This game is nothing more than an attempt to show who is in control in the Białowieża Forest. The State Forests are a huge business, and even if they agreed to provide legal protection to the entire forest, their budget would not suffer. Escalation of the conflict seems unavoidable: as this text was being finalised, environmentalists had started a blockade of one of the fellings. The reasons for this opposition are not material, since the income from the Białowieża Forest is only a fraction of the huge budget of the State Forests. It is all about showing that, in Polish forests, it is the foresters who are in control.
Redistributing funds for coal
An equally current matter is that of the attack on regional environmental funds. They currently fall under the jurisdiction of local authorities, who spend the money on lowering emissions, rational water management and sewage. The Right is preparing an environmental protection bill for a law that would allow the government to take over a sum of €2.5 billion per year. Where will that money go? One can only speculate that they will be used to a lesser degree than they are currently to fund programmes for the elimination of obsolete coal boilers. After all, the present government is doing all it can to protect miners and the mining industry.
One spectacular example of the distrust of any energy other than coal is the stagnation in the Polish renewable energy sector. Despite the fact that installation costs are falling globally, and wind, water and biomass energy are on their way, Poland has decided to go in the opposite direction. PiS deputies have limited the possibilities to build wind turbines, drawing the immediate attention of the sector, which withdrew from plans for major investments. Activity in the solar industry also died: last year saw the installation of barely 28 MW in photovoltaics!
This list is incomplete, but it does emphatically show how quickly things can regress, even in a domain so seemingly obvious as environmental protection. The actions of right-wing politicians are destroying not only the constructs that have been built in Poland over the past 27 years, but they are also having a measurable impact on citizens’ health.
An exaggeration? Ask the Polish environment minister, who thinks the problem of smog is “theoretical.”
Michał Olszewski (born 1977) – journalist, reporter, writer. For more than twelve years he worked for Gazeta Wyborcza and Tygodnik Powszechny, where he concentrated mostly on environmental issues. He is engaged in a Krakow-based campaign against air pollution.
pankaj karnwal says
Nice article thanks for sharing with us.
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Education Week's blogs > Rules for Engagement See more School Climate coverage
Education Week journalists explore some of the nonacademic issues that bear on students’ learning. Find insights, news, and analysis on a wide range of issues including school climate, student engagement, children’s well-being, and student behavior and discipline.
« Efforts to Overturn California Transgender Student Law Fail | Main | The Absolute Best School Climate Blogging (This Week) »
Federal Civil Rights Officials Approve Plan to Improve Discipline in Kentucky District
By Evie Blad on February 28, 2014 1:01 PM | No comments
The U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights has agreed to a resolution with Christian County Public Schools in Kentucky following an investigation that revealed vague and unclear school rules and higher rates of discipine for black students, the federal agency said Friday. In the agreement, the 8,700-student district also agreed to cut back on use of exclusionary discipline policies, like suspension and expulsion.
The federal investigation included a review of four years of disciplinary data, which revealed that most rules in "were open to interpretation and undefined, leaving administrators broad discretion in assigning sanctions." That left parents and students unsure what sort of discipline to expect and meant schools lacked critical safeguards to ensure that teachers and personnel were applying disciplinary policies in a non-discriminatory way, the Education Department said. From the report:
...[B]lack students were disproportionately overrepresented in referrals for disciplinary action and for assignment at least once to in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension in each of the four school years that OCR reviewed (2008-2009 through 2011-2012).
For the period under review, black students were also disproportionately overrepresented in referrals to School Resource Officers (SROs). For example, in school year 2010-2011, black students composed 33.8 percent of the district's enrollment, but represented nearly 65 percent of the students referred to SROs. OCR noted that, although expulsion was rarely assigned by the district, when the district took the extreme step of expelling students, over two-thirds of the expulsions were black students.
The investigation also revealed that black students were consistently more likely than white students to be assigned in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension when their first disciplinary referral was for violations that were subjective in nature, such as Deliberate Classroom Disruption, Disorderly Conduct, Failure to Follow Directives, and Profanity/Vulgarity. For example, in school year 2010-2011, black students were nearly 3.5 times more likely than white students to receive out-of-school suspension for Profanity/Vulgarity."
In the resolution, the district agreed to work to use alternatives to classroom removal in the discipline process; to seek help from experts in adopting strategies to reduce discrimination in school discipline; to provide student support to help prevent poor behavior; to review and revise its policies; to provide training to staff and education for parents; and to improve its data collection so it can better review its discipline practices.
Public school districts are required to abide by Title VI of the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin by recipients of Federal financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Education.
After unveiling new guidance designed to help school districts meet their obligations under federal civil rights laws in Januuary, U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan and Attorney General Eric Holder said they hoped the materials would help more districts to improve their discipline without the need for a federal investigation.
Critics of that guidance have said it strips districts of local control and that federal officials aren't providing the resources necessary to improve school climate and make such large-scale changes.
Heated Debate About Minority Rights Can Increase Bullying of LGBTQ Students, Study Finds
Florida Governor Signs Divisive Bill Allowing for Armed Teachers
To Fix Student Discipline, Public Favors School Climate Efforts Over Harsher Penalties, Survey Finds
Should 'Mental Health Days' Be Excused Absences? These Students Think So.
Fewer Fights and Increased Security: What New Data Say About School Safety
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Masterclass: Leading and Living To the Beat of Your Own Drum
Date: Saturday, 2 September 2017
Time: 9:30 - 15:30
Venue: Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS), 26 Melville Road, Illovo
Topics: • Leadership: Do It Your Way - TBA
• Dare to be Different – Dudu Msomi
• Tips on Making Your Financial Life a Success - Samke Mhlongo
• How To PinPoint Your Uniqueness - Lebo Biko
• Driving My Way - Vuyi Mpofu
View speaker profiles here
This year we will also be hosting a Mentoring Walk, open to mentees between the ages of 13 and 25 years.
Delegates: Early-bird special of R450 per person up to 25 August 2017.
After 25 August, R550 per person.
Cost inclusive of welcome tea and coffee; picnic lunch and high tea
Mentees: Free for 13 to 25 year olds. Limited spaces. First come basis.
Programme Director
Rehema Isa
Rehema Isa is the CEO of Hadithi Media which exists to discover, develop and sharestories from the African continent.
Rehema Isa has a background in accounting and finance. Isa's experience spans major corporations in the financial and banking sectors. She has consulted for companies in various industries including power utilities, banking, the mining sector, government institutions, small businesses and IT companies, where she has led a number of strategic projects. Rehema’s areas of consulting expertise and focus are programme management, developing strategies for maximising business returns on investments, organisation design and development interventions, change management, Information Management strategy design and development, financial management, corporate governance, risk management, and innovative strategy design and implementation.
From 2009-2011, Rehema sat on the Board of the Businesswomen’s Association of South Africa, the country’s largest independent association for women in business. Rehema currently sits on a steering committee for Clean, Energy, Education and Empowerment women's initiative. Rehema works with executive women in the corporate and government sector as a leadership coach, promoting Value Realisation Management ™ for women in business.
CEO, Busara Leadership Partners
Dudu Msomi is the CEO of Busara Leadership Partners is a research-orientated strategic advisory and consulting company whose expertise is to facilitate the development and effectiveness of leaders to achieve their desired goals. Msomi is a Strategist, Leadership & Life Coach, Business Advisor, a Thought-Provoking, Attitude & Behaviour Shifting Speaker and Writer. Dudu Msomi has expertise and experience in strategy workshops facilitation, strategy formulation and implementation; coaching; designing and implementing transformation programmes in companies and industry bodies; marketing; advertising; communications; human resources leadership and corporate governance. Dudu’s experience spans diverse industries such as retail, advertising, financial services, Information, Communications & Technology consulting and professional, membership services.
Dudu Msomi is a Fortune Mentee Alumni having been selected by the US Consulate in South Africa to be part of the mentoring programme with FORTUNE/US State Department Global Women Leaders, initiated by Secretary Hilary Clinton in 2010. She was awarded the 2013 Laureate Award by the University of Pretoria as a GIBS Alumnus to honour her outstanding contribution to her field of expertise. Msomi is a Cherie Blair Foundation Mentee Alumni having completed the Mentoring Women in Business Programme in June 2016. Dudu Msomi is the Institute of Directors (IoDSA) Fellow Member.
Dudu Msomi is on the board of directors of the Financial Services Board (FSB) where she is also a member of the Licensing, Litigation and Audit Committees. She is also a Trustee on the Humulani Trust (Invicta Holdings) & Member of the GIBS MBA Alumni Bursary Committee. Dudu Msomi has a B.A. (Psychology and English) & B. A.Hons. (Media) (University of Natal, Dbn); Postgraduate Diploma in Advertising and Marketing (AAA School of Advertising); Postgraduate Diploma in Corporate Governance (RAU); Programme for Management Development (GIBS) and a Masters in Business Administration (GIBS).
Relebogile Biko, better known as Lebo, is a seasoned marketing and business growth strategist, with over 15 years of strategy development and implementation experience. Her career began at Coca-Cola Southern and East Africa, where she held various branding and trade marketing roles before transitioning to strategy consulting, where she advised leading blue chip companies, parastatals and medium-sized firms in South and Southern Africa. Prior to joining Nedbank, Lebo was the founding member and Managing Director of BBDO Consulting South Africa, a top, global management consultancy focused on strategic marketing. Lebo Biko was the Strategy and Marketing Executive at Nedbank Business Banking, a division that services medium-sized businesses, many of which are family owned. She has a passion for SMEs and entrepreneurship, most specifically a drive to help women participate meaningfully in the economy.
Lebo has served as Chair of the Johannesburg Branch of the Businesswomen’s Association and as a national board member. She was the vice chair of the Nedbank Women’s Forum and an alumnus of Fortune/State Department Global Mentorship programme in the USA. She holds a B.Comm (Economics and Finance) and an MBA, both from the University of the Witwatersrand.
Vuyi Mpofu
A self - confessed petrol-head and road safety advocate, Vuyi’s passion for cars began as a toddler and was fuelled by her father and brother, both of whom are motor mechanics. However, in those days, it was not the preferred career option for a young woman and Vuyi studied marketing, PR and advertising instead. In 2007, whilst on sabbatical, Vuyi realized she was happiest dispensing advice to her friends (male and female) either about their driving habits or basic maintenance tips and decided to pursue her first love, as a career option. She spent a year researching and making inroads into the South African motoring industry, before launching Driving In Heels, the Evolution of Motoring in September 2010 with a weekly motoring article in Motor Mania, a motoring supplement in the Sowetan and The Times, as well as a weekly 20 minute radio show on Metro FM.
Vuyi Mpofu has developed her unique motoring brand into a familiar product, known within the motoring industry and by the public as a whole. She produces and presents the weekly motoring feature Car Loving Thursdays which airs every Thursday on 2000FM (16:20 on 97.2 – 100FM) and is a co-presenter of the he weekly motoring show, Power Steering, which airs every Monday on PowerFM 98.7 (11:30am). She is a regular (and opinionated) guest presenter on Buyer’s Guide & Ignition (DSTV Channel 189); a judge on the annual Women on Wheels competition panel and is the motoring contributor for Driven Magazine (distributed at airport lounges of major South African airports). Vuyi is also the motoring columnist for the popular magazine True Love, and is a member of the South African Guild of Motoring Journalists.
In late 2012 Vuyi broadened the Driving In Heels service offering to include business-to-business motoring based training workshops aimed at informing and empowering women about, the lifestyle of motoring aptly named Driving Divas – What Women Auto Know. After identifying a need for basic technical training for women about cars, Vuyi launched a 2nd-subsidiary to Driving In Heels called Gals Garage – Because Women Deserve Better in late 2013. Gals Garage is a short mechanical training workshop for women, aimed to educating car owners about basic car maintenance and the total cost of car ownership.
In 2014 Driving In Heels successfully qualified for TETA (Transport Education Training Authority) accreditation making it possible for companies engaging the services of Driving In Heels to claim back a portion of their training budget from the Skills Development Fund, whilst ensuring that their staff are better informed about road safety and life-saving driving practises.
Fun, knowledgeable and easy to understand, Vuyi is your average girl next door. She is a novice motorbike rider and describes herself as being fluent in 3-languages; heels, lipstick and cars. Having successfully turned her passion for motor cars, speed and all that makes cars tick into a full time job Vuyi has turned Driving In Heels and is subsidiaries into an interface between the motor industry and its female audience.
Samke Mhlongo
Samke Mhlongo is fast-becoming one of South Africa’s most recognizable personal finance figures. The Wealth Coach and founder of The Next Chapter (“TNC) Wealth Partners sharpened her expertise during her 7-year tenure as a private banker at Investec Private Bank, where she quickly became the go-to banker for public sector executives and high net worth entrepreneurs operating across different industries. It is during this time that Samke was heightened to the unique personal finance challenges and behaviours of South Africa’s middle class. This curiosity led to her conducting her MBA study into consumer financial behaviour.
The results led Samke to seek out additional platforms on which to share her expertise with a wider audience. Thus, the independent wealth coach, corporate speaker, media commentator, writer, and financial inclusion advocate was born.
Samke offers individual wealth coaching through her company TNC Wealth, and through Maureen Kark and Associates - a boutique wellness company to which she was appointed upon Investec Group CEO Stephen Koseff’s recommendation.
Samke is also a corporate speaker, panel moderator and MC. Some of Samke’s previous clients include SASOL, Anglo American, Standard Bank and Accenture. More notably, Samke was invited to give the keynote address at the 2017 CELD Woman and Finance Summit where she presented her talk titled “Managing Money and Building the African Woman’s Wealth Base”.
Referred to by CNBCAfrica as a “personal finance goddess”, Samke is a resident on VOW FM’s Business Wrap, regular commentator on CNBCAfrica, eNCA, Talk Radio 702 and PowerFM; finance contributor for DESTINY magazine, and a financial inclusion champion of The Graça Machel Trust.
In addition, Samke is the youngest board member of state-owned mineral research technology agency MINTEK, and serves on the Audit & Risk Committee.
Samke holds an Accounting degree from the University of Cape Town, Postgraduate Diploma in Management from the Wits Business School, and an MBA from the same college completed with a dissertation titled Factors contributing to over-indebtedness in black South African females.
Zingisa Socikwa
Occupation: Co- Founder of Blackboard Africa
Zingisa Socikwa is young film producer and director of media related content. She is also the co-founder of Blackboard Africa a platform to inspire future ideas with a fresh perspective while maintaining a clear view of the mixed memories of our past. To create a space in real time and online where like-minded youth come together to write on this new board. She has a talent for turning simple and otherwise dull stories into beautiful artistry is harnessed through her love for music, theatre, photography and filmmaking.
Amonge Sinxoto
Occupation: Co-founder of Blackboard Africa
Amonge is an upcoming creative, writer and youth Marketer. She enjoys crafting beautiful stories and conceptualizing creative scenes for media publishing and online content. A leader and a young ambassador of national reformation. Amonge is passionate about cultivating young minds and stimulating youth entrepreneurship. She currently curates small workshops of youth focus groups on various societal topics namely: Youth Activism, Women Leadership, Women and Children’s Rights, Non-racial and Non-sexist society, Youth Trends & Social Media, Evolving Culture, Generation Gap, Politics and Future possibilities etc. Amonge is one of the leading creatives behind Blackboard Africa. She contributes regularly for online pages including engaging established inspiring leaders and artists. She conceptualizes visual content, writes stories, opinion pieces, interviews and feature reviews.
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Join the Crash, Embrace the Herd
By Elspeth Sweatman
A crowd. Photo courtesy Pxhere.
Like it or not, humans are herd animals. From the moment we are born, we crave interaction, communication, affection. To achieve these needs, we accept rules and traditions that help us to fit in, get along, and stay safe. Yet, we also know how dangerous going along with the group can be. Our news reels and Netflix queues are full of examples of innocent bystanders being duped, injured, or killed because they followed others. How can herd mentality be both the bedrock of our civilization and its undoing?
There are two types of herding: self-interested (when we copy the motivations and actions of others for our own gain) and collective (when we imitate others for the advantage of the entire group). When we go to a Giants baseball game at Oracle Park and follow the crowd to the entrance, that’s self-interested herding; we assume people know where they are going. When we stand on the right-hand side of escalators to let others pass on the left, that is collective herding; we know that it makes everyone’s public transport experience better.
Both types of herding are inherently human and can lead to positive and negative outcomes.
In 1930s Germany and Italy, influential and charismatic leaders created an us-versus-them mentality. The leaders’ rhetoric and citizens’ own psychology duped them into believing that intellectuals, Jews, and members of the LGBTQ+ community, among others, were the cause of the nation’s economic weakness. Afraid of the consequences of voicing an opposing view and being excluded, many people found themselves supporting a regime that persecuted these minority groups with discriminatory laws and institutions, violence, and mass extermination.
Crowd psychology can create economic collapses (The Great Depression, the 2008 Recession). But companies like Apple rely on herding to drive interest in the latest iPhone. When everyone has an iPhone, we feel that we must have this product in order to fit in.
Herding contributes to social contagions like mass hysterias, in which thoughts, emotions, and behaviors become infectious. In 2011–12, stress caused Katie Krautwurst, a teenager in Le Roy, New York, to develop Tourette’s-like symptoms; these uncontrollable twitches soon passed to her friend, then to her classmates, and then to members of her community. Eighteen people were affected, with doctors unable to find a cause.
To learn more about herd mentality, check out the Rhinoceros edition of Words on Plays, on sale at The Geary Theater and online.
2018–19Season ACTRhino ElspethSweatman WordsOnPlays
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‘Holy Fire’ retreat ignites faith of middle schoolers from 10 dioceses
Attendees are seen at a Mass for about 1,800 middle school students and their chaperones at the Holy Fire retreat event Dec. 1 at the Catholic Pastoral Center in Nashville. (CNS photo/Theresa Laurence, Tennessee Register)
By Theresa Laurence • Catholic News Service • Posted December 10, 2018
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (CNS) — More than 1,800 Catholic middle school students and their chaperones from 10 dioceses danced and prayed their way through an interactive retreat event at the Catholic Pastoral Center in Nashville, the largest of its kind ever staged in the diocese.
“I’m still in awe,” said Bill Staley, director of youth and young adult ministry for the Diocese of Nashville.
The daylong event Dec. 1, which included a mix of high-energy musicians and inspirational speakers, along with quiet moments for eucharistic adoration and prayer, was well-received by the youth, their parents and chaperones who attended.
Holy Fire, produced by the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry, is developed in collaboration with host dioceses, like Nashville as well as Chicago recently. Both events have been extremely well attended by thousands of young people.
“We had over 10 dioceses in all, including representatives from across Tennessee and three of four dioceses in Kentucky,” Staley told the Tennessee Register, newspaper of the Nashville Diocese. Groups also traveled from Birmingham, Alabama, north Georgia and Evansville, Indiana.
“I feel really good to grow this event into something great,” said Staley, who is already thinking about hosting a two-day event next year.
“It was a great experience and we can’t wait to go back next year,” said Cindy Sabatino, director of religious education at Our Lady of the Lake Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee, who brought a group of 30 sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders to the event.
One of the high points of the day for Sabatino and her group was adoration. “Many of them had never experienced adoration like that” among such a large group of peers, she said. “They can be intimidated to pray in front of their peers,” she said, but here they were encouraged to let their guard down and “just be with the Lord” in the moment.
The entire experience of being with so many Catholic young people for a full day of Catholic musicians, speakers and prayer was new to many Holy Fire participants, young people and their parents alike, Staley said.
“Many parents joined for the whole day,” he said. “A lot of them didn’t have an experience like this (in their own childhood), which is a wonderful benefit of the program.”
Holy Fire is the newest evolutionary step in the Diocese of Nashville’s annual confirmation preparation for middle schoolers, and now reaches beyond the students preparing for the sacrament.
Partnering with the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry enabled Nashville’s youth ministers to stage a much larger-scale event than they could have done alone, complete with professional sound and lighting designs, big screen video and multimedia presentations.
Holy Fire’s mission is “to set young people ablaze with the love of Christ and inspire them to live as disciples of Jesus Christ in the world, to embrace their baptism and engage with the relevant and powerful Gospel of Jesus.”
Speakers and performers from the day included: Joe Melendrez, Noelle Garcia, Dom Quaglia, Sarah Hart, the Cimorelli Sisters and the Sarah Kroger Band. Throughout the day, participants also had the opportunity to receive the sacrament of reconciliation, renew their baptismal promises, and talk with exhibitors, which included the Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia, among others.
Nashville Bishop J. Mark Spalding, who drove back to Nashville from Cincinnati just in time to make the closing remarks at the Holy Fire Mass, encouraged the young people to be examples pointing towards Christ, “to bring the love of Christ into your home and community.”
“I think the bishop’s message was very meaningful,” said Sabatino, encouraging the youth to go forth and have a positive influence. “He’s young, he’s motivated, he inspires the kids.”
Overall, Sabatino said, her group wasn’t sure what to expect going into the day, but thoroughly enjoyed the experience. Holy Fire “put them in a place where they could open their hearts to Jesus,” she said.
Laurence is a staff writer for the Tennessee Register, newspaper of the Diocese of Nashville.
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Tag Archives: DJ Frak E
Monday Memos: 2015 Billboard Music Awards Recap
Home | Monday Memos | Monday Memos: 2015 Billboard Music Awards Recap
Hello people of the internet!!! On today’s ‘Monday Memos’, we are going to recap the ‘2015 Billboard Music Awards’ (yay!!!). This year’s ‘Billboard Music Awards’ were hosted by rapper/actor Ludacris, and model Chrissy Teigen, and was definitely a show that we’ll be talking about for the rest of the year. One part of the show that we were all looking forward to was the premiere of Taylor Swift’s ‘Bad Blood’ music video. With a large cast of celebrities such as: model/actress Cara Delevingne, supermodel Cindy Crawford, and actresses Hailee Steinfeld, Selena Gomez, Lena Dunham, Zendaya, and many more. The music video was very action packed and had a very cool futuristic spy feel to it. This video was definitely unlike anything we have seen from Taylor, and really shows her evolution as an artist. Now let’s move on to the awards, and finally the performances (I’m only going to include a few of the awards & performances that were shown during the show, because if I included everything, I would have y’all here all day. If you want to see the full list of winners and performances, check out billboard.com). So are y’all ready? Ok, let’s go!
Top Duo or Group: One Direction
We all had to see this one coming because One Direction has been an unstoppable force ever since their first single dropped in the U.S. They have won tons of awards, broken numerous records, and were recently named the first band in U.S. Billboard history to have their first four debut albums debut at #1.
Top Billboard 200 Album: 1989 by Taylor Swift
Ok now we all know how well 1989 did this year, but honestly what else would you expect from Taylor Swift!?! With hit singles that stayed in our heads all year like Shake It Off, Blank Space, and Style, it’s no wonder that 1989 has ruled 2015 so far.
Top Male Artist: Sam Smith
Now if you’ve listened to the radio at all this year, you are very familiar with Sam Smith’s music. His debut album ‘In The Lonely Hour’ went platinum, and won Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2015 Grammy Awards. Needless to say he’s had an AMAZING year.
Top Female Artist: Taylor Swift
With the success of 1989, it’s obvious that Taylor Swift would have a great chance of winning this award so I honestly don’t think that anyone would be surprised here.
Top Hot 100 Song: ‘All About That Bass’ by Meghan Trainor
Now you know you’ve been singing along to this one ever since it first came out. The fact that ‘All About That Bass’ has gone platinum 6 times in the U.S. definitely proves that Meghan deserves this award. I honestly don’t see this song’s popularity dwindling, and we wouldn’t have it any other way.
Top Artist: Taylor Swift
Again it’s Taylor Swift, she seriously ruled the radio waves this year so none of us are even surprised here.
Nick Jonas ‘Jealous’:
So first of all we have to talk about is Nick Jonas’ performance of ‘Jealous’. This song was a really big hit for Nick this year, and the excitement of the crowd showed that this song is still a hit with fans. This performance had a lot of cool elements to it, such as awesome backboard graphics that really made this performance stand out. All in all this was a really cool performance that fans loved from beginning to end.
Mariah Carey ‘Vision of Love’ & ‘Infinity’:
Mariah Carey wowed us next with a performance that had everyone’s attention. She began her performance with her debut hit single ‘Vision of Love’, which is a song that we all still hold near and dear to our hearts. Next up we got to hear her new track ‘Infinity’. This performance definitely showed that Mariah is still able to impact is with her music, and will be an artist that we’ll keep coming back to for infinity.
Wiz Khalifa feat. Charlie Puth ‘See You Again’:
Ok now this is a song that we all have had on repeat for a while now and honestly you have to admit that you still cry whenever you hear it (Honestly how many times have you seen that music video featuring Paul Walker and just started to cry. #RIPPaulWalker). At the award show Wiz and Charlie were joined by YouTube star Lindsey Sterling who, as usual, blew us away with her amazing violin skills as. The vibe of the performance was very intimate and chilled which definitely made us all want to seriously cry. The emotionally charged lyrics were definitely front and center during this performance, due to Charlie and Wiz’s ability to deliver the song in a way that made us all feel the message of the song (seriously when Charlie started choking up during the song, I thought that I was going to lose it).
Britney Spears & Iggy Azalea ‘Pretty Girls’:
This was another performance that everyone was looking forward too, because we love Britney, and we love Iggy, so when you put them together it’s just perf! This performance had a very 80s feel to it, and was such a fun number to watch. It was so interesting to see these two collab because their musical styles are so different, so it’s exciting to see what they will each do next.
Tori Kelly ‘Nobody Love’:
The ‘Kia One To Watch Artist’ Tori Kelly was up next, and she really showed how talented she truly is. It was amazing to see her completely captivate the audience without any special staging or effects. It really made you feel like you were able to personally connect with Tori and fall even more in love with her music. This performance made me really excited to see what’s next for her.
Simple Minds ‘Don’t You (Forget About Me):
This was certainly one of the night’s most talked about performance, due to the fact that the cult classic movie ‘The Breakfast Club’ turned 30 this year. This performance had a very rock concert sort of vibe and the crowd was just completely hooked from beginning to end. It’s really fun to see so many different people rocking out to their favorite song, and the energy was definitely brought up A LOT during the this performance.
Imagine Dragons ‘Stand By Me’ (Ben E. King cover):
The last performance that we’re going to discuss is Imagine Dragon’s amazing performance of ‘Stand By Me’. This is a song that we all know and love, so it was so great to see that Imagine Dragons did their best to keep the original feel of the song intact, and molded their musical style to best fit the song. This was another tear jerking moment due to Ben E. King’s tragic passing recently, but I thought that this was a beautiful way for his incredible talent to be honored.
All credit goes to unrealitytv.co.uk, Billboard Music Awards, Taylor Swift, Ludacris, Chrissy Teigen, billboard.com, Cara Delevingne, Cindy Crawford, Hailee Steinfeld, Selena Gomez, Lena Dunham, Zendaya, One Direction, Syco Records, Columbia Records, 1989, Big Machine Records, Max Martin, Jack Antonoff, Nathan Chapman, Imogen Heap, Greg Kurstin, Mattman & Robin, Ali Payami, Shellback, Ryan Tedder, Noel Zancanella, Shake It Off, Republic Records, Sam Smith, In The Lonely Hour, PMR, Columbia Records, Method, Jimmy Napes, Steve Fitzmaurice, Komi, Naughty Boy, Two Inch Punch, Eg White, Fraser T Smith, All About That Bass, Meghan Trainor, Epic Records, Kevin Kadish, Nick Jonas, Jealous, Island Records, Jealous, Sir Nolan, Nolan Lambroza, Simon WIlcox, Mariah Carey, Ben Margulies, Rhett Lawrence, Narada Michael Walden, Columbia Broadcasting System, Sony Music Entertianment, Legacy Recordings, Eric Hudson, Priscilla Renea, Taylor Parks, IIsey Juber, Wiz Khalif, Charlie Puth, See You Again, Paul Walker, Lindsey Sterling, Atlantic Records, DJ Frak E, Andrew Cedar, Marcos de Silva, Britney Spears, Iggy Azalea, Pretty Girls, Rostrum Records, Taylor Gang Records, George Astasio, Jason Pebworth, Jon Shave, Maegan Cottone, Perrie Edwards, Jesy Nelson, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Jade Thirlwall, The Invisible Men, Jive Records, RCA Records, Def Jam Records, Mercury Records, Grand Hustle Records, Virgin EMI Records, Tori Kelly, Nobody Love, Capitol Records, Savan Kotecha, Rickard Goransson, SImple Minds, A&M Records, Keith Forsey, Steve Schiff, Virgin Records, The Breakfast Club, Universal Pictures, John Hughes, Ned Tanen, A&M Films, Channel Productions, Imagine Dragons, Ben E. King, Stand by Me, KIDinaKORNER, Interscope Records, Atco Records, Stand by Me, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Atco Records, Atlantic Records, Ichiban Records, all of the businesses, companies, people, and any other original owners that should receive credit for anything mentioned in this blog post, and all original owners. I do not own anything in this blog. If any people, corporations, businesses, companies, etc, were not previously given credit for their work, they are given credit now and their previous absence was unintentional. All opinions expressed in this blog are my own. I wrote this blog for entertainment purposes and no copyright infringement is intended
celindareyesblog May 19, 2015 1 Comment on Monday Memos: 2015 Billboard Music Awards Recap. Category: Monday Memos. Tagged: 1989, 2014, 2015, A&M Films, A&M Records, Ali Payami, All About That Bass, Andrew Cedar, Atco Records, atlantic records, Ben E. King, Ben Margulies, Big Machine Records, Billboard Music Awards, billboard.com, britney spears, Capitol Records, Cara Delevingne, Channel Productions, Charlie Puth, Chrissy Teigen, Cindy Crawford, Columbia Broadcasting System, Columbia Records, Def Jam Records, DJ Frak E, Eg White, Epic Records, Eric Hudson, Fraser T Smith, George Astasio, Grand Hustle Records, Greg Kurstin, Hailee Steinfeld, Ichiban Records, Iggy Azalea, IIsey Juber, imagine dragons, Imogen Heap, In The Lonely Hour, Interscope Records, Island Records, Jack Antonoff, Jade Thirlwall, Jason Pebworth, Jealous, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Jesy Nelson, Jimmy Napes, Jive Records, John Hughes, Jon Shave, Keith Forsey, Kevin Kadish, KIDinaKORNER, Komi, Legacy Recordings, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Lena Dunham, lindsey sterling, Ludacris, Maegan Cottone, Marcos de Silva, mariah carey, Mattman & Robin, Max Martin, Meghan Trainor, Mercury Records, Method, music, Narada Michael Walden, Nathan Chapman, Naughty Boy, Ned Tanen, new, Nick Jonas, Nobody Love, Noel Zancanella, Nolan Lambroza, one direction, paul walker, Perrie Edwards, PMR, Pretty Girls, Priscilla Renea, RCA records, republic records, Rhett Lawrence, Rickard Göransson, Rostrum Records, Ryan Tedder, Sam Smith, Savan Kotecha, see you again, Selena Gomez, Shake It Off, Shellback, Simon WIlcox, SImple Minds, Sir Nolan, Sony Music Entertianment, Stand by Me, Steve Fitzmaurice, Steve Schiff, Syco Records, Taylor Gang Records, Taylor Parks, taylor swift, The Breakfast Club, The Invisible Men, Tori Kelly, Two Inch Punch, Universal Pictures, unrealitytv.co.uk, Virgin EMI Records, Virgin Records, Wiz Khalif, Zendaya.
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Woodmere Art Museum’s captivating summer exhibitions celebrate the past, present and future of Philadelphia’s art and artists
The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition on view June 14-September 1; Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art on view July 26-October 26
PHILADELPHIA — This summer, Woodmere Art Museum in Chestnut Hill will unite past, present and future artists with two captivating exhibitions that celebrate Philadelphia’s longstanding role as a center for artistic innovation and talent. Showcasing the bold future of the city’s new generation of artists, The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition (on view June 14-Sept. 1; open house, Sat., June 28, noon-4 p.m.) includes the work of 50 artists who live within a 50-mile radius of Philadelphia.
“This is an important exhibition because it represents Woodmere’s continued engagement with the exciting world of contemporary art that is constantly evolving,” says William R. Valerio, the Patricia Van Burgh Allison Director and CEO of Woodmere. “The Woodmere Annual makes Philadelphia a great place for artists to live and work because it gives many their first opportunity to exhibit in a museum.”
This year’s juror, local artist Sarah McEneaney, selected nearly 80 works that humorously and poignantly explore such diverse themes as the urban landscape, isolation and self-reflection. McEneaney explains, “In the art world today,” she says, “there’s all kinds of work being made, and it’s all being looked at, considered, talked about. There’s not one ‘ism’ of the day — if anything, that’s the point: Go out there and make your work, and it can be any kind of work. You just have to work at it and work at it.”
Meanwhile, the exhibition Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art (on view July 26-Oct. 26) reflects on the life of an incredible artist who lived in three centuries (1890-2002), and whose work spanned the length of the 20th century and depicted its major issues and events, including women’s suffrage and the struggle of immigrants and the working class. Curator Gail Levin, distinguished professor of art history, American studies and women’s studies at The Graduate Center and Baruch College, organized the Bernstein exhibition in an effort to recover the artist’s significant contribution to American life. Levin said she discovered Bernstein — little known outside the art world — while researching American realist Edward Hopper. Levin explains, “The exhibition explores how fame is fleeting, but shows that the quality of Bernstein’s work has outlived fad and fashion.”
Woodmere Art Museum is located at 9201 Germantown Ave. Admission to special exhibitions is $10 for adults, $7 for seniors, and FREE for students, children and Museum members; exhibitions in the Founder’s Gallery and Helen Millard Children’s Gallery are FREE. (Woodmere offers free admission on Sundays, including all special exhibitions.)Museum hours are: Tuesday through Thursday, 10 a.m.–5 p.m.; Friday, 10 a.m.–8:45 p.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m.–6 p.m.; and Sunday, 10 a.m.–5 p.m. For more information, visit woodmereartmuseum.orgor call 215-247-0476.
About The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition
The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition(on view June 14-Sept. 1) features work by 50 artists living within 50 miles of the Museum, including Betsey Batchelor,Mariel Capanna,Kevin Finklea,Catherine Mulligan,Seneca Weintraut and many more. This year’s juror, Philadelphia artist Sarah McEneaney, has assembled a cohesive presentation of nearly 80 works of art. McEneaney’s paintings and a number of her preparatory sketches will also be on view, and the artist will choose objects from Woodmere’s permanent collection that relate to the show’s themes for a small installation in the Stairwell Gallery.
The exhibition will be accompanied by an online catalogue featuring a discussion with McEneaney about her selection process and the various themes that emerged during the organization of the show.
Sarah McEneaney, born 1955 in Munich, Germany, attended The University of the Arts and The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. McEneaney’s paintings and prints are in many public collections including The Philadelphia Museum of Art, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Woodmere Art Museum, The Neuberger Museum SUNY Purchase, Rhode Island School of Design, Johnson and Johnson and Microsoft Corporation. Sarah McEneaneyis represented by the Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York and Locks Gallery, Philadelphia.
Woodmere Art Museum, the only institution devoted solely to the art and artists of Philadelphia, has organized The Woodmere Annual for over 70 years. Juried by one of Philadelphia’s distinguished artists, The Woodmere Annual explores the unique transformations that occur in contemporary art in Philadelphia.
About Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art
Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art(on view July 26-October 26) is a retrospective dedicated to the work of Theresa Bernstein (1890-2002), an artist who lived in three centuries, and whose work spanned the length of the 20th century. Bernstein was an artist who achieved celebrity for her style of urban realism developed in the first decade of the 20th century that was often linked by critics to the Ashcan School, although she was never formally affiliated with the Ashcan painters.
Born in Cracow, Poland, Bernstein and her parents immigrated to the United States and settled in Philadelphia in 1891. Bernstein attended the Philadelphia School of Design for Women (now Moore College of Art & Design) before moving to New York in 1911. She exhibited with painters such as William Glackens, John Sloan and Robert Henri, and was a founding member of the Philadelphia Ten, a group of women artists active from 1917 to 1945.
Bernstein is known for her realist depictions of major issues and events of the 20th century, including women’s suffrage and the struggle of immigrants and the working class. Her expressive canvases also depict diverse locales such as jazz clubs, Carnegie Hall, Coney Island and Gloucester, Mass., where she became a major participant in the vibrant art community located there.
The traveling exhibition opened in New York City in October 2013 and traveled to The Phillips Museum of Art of Franklin and Marshall College before coming to Woodmere Art Museum, its only Philadelphia venue. The exhibition will feature 44 paintings created between 1912 and 1972 and is accompanied by a catalogue that includes thematic essays by Michele Cohen, Patricia M. Burnham, Elsie Heung, Sarah Archino, Stephanie Hackett, Gillian Pistell, and Gail Levin. It features more than two hundred images, including full-color reproductions of her art and rare documentary photographs, many published for the first time. It also includes a detailed chronology of Bernstein’s life, a list of public collections, and a list of her writings.
Friday Night Jazz:
Michael Jackson: A “Thriller” Night
Friday, May 30, 6-8 p.m., $22 ($12 for members)
The King of Pop was a truly universal artist whose music crossed categories, colors, continents and ages. Join vocalist Roy Richardson as he navigates Jackson’s career, starting with his early days with the Jackson 5.
Nina Simone: High Priestess of Soul
Friday, June 13, 6-8 p.m., $22 ($12 for members)
Vocalist Tonya Lynette brings to life the edgy and hypnotic style of Nina Simone, performing songs like “Four Women,” “I Remember You” and others.
Special Event:
Art Uncorked: Wine + Painting = Fun
Friday, June 6, 7-9 p.m., $35 ($30 for members)
Create a one-of-a-kind work of art to decorate your home or office while sipping on a relaxing glass of wine in a fun and social atmosphere. An easy step-by-step demonstration will be given and all art materials are included.
Jammin’ Jazz Piano
Join us as we end this season with one of the great traditions of jazz: the jam session! Pianists Adam Faulk and Jeff Knoettner will play classic tunes like Count Basie’s “Jumpin’ at the Woodside,” Thelonious Monk’s “Well, You Needn’t” and Dave Brubeck’s “Take Five.” Musicians in the audience will be invited to jam with the band.
Exhibition Opens:
The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition
June 14-September 1
Tales of Philadelphia’s Art World: Past and Presentwith Nathaniel Popkin
Saturday June 14, 3 p.m., $15 ($10 members)
Reflect on Philadelphia’s art scene, past and present, with author Nathaniel Popkin, who will use Woodmere’s collection and his recent novel, Lion and Leopard, to talk about Philadelphia in the early 1800s, exploring the artistic clashes, interactions and inspirations between artists Charles Willson Peale, John Lewis Krimmel and others. Popkin will conclude his talk with a gallery tour of works by contemporary artist Sarah McEneaney, juror of this year’s Woodmere Annual.
Opening Reception, The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition
Saturday, June 28, noon-4 p.m., FREE
Gallery Talk:
Gallery Talk with Juror Sarah McEneaney
Saturday, July 12, 3 p.m., FREE
Join Sarah McEneaney, juror of The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition, for a gallery talk and discussion of the artists and works on view. McEneaney, an artist and community activist, lives and works in Philadelphia. She is represented by Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York, and Locks Gallery, Philadelphia.
Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art
July 26-October 26
Gallery Talk and Lecture:
Theresa Bernstein, Artist of the Twentieth Centurywith Michele Cohen
Art historian Michele Cohen will reflect on the life and artistic career of Theresa Bernstein, exploring how her connections to Philadelphia, New York and Gloucester contributed to her artistic development. A close friend of Bernstein’s who curated the first major museum exhibition of her work at the Museum of the City of New York in 1990, Dr. Cohen will provide a deeper understanding of Bernstein as a woman painter in the 20th century. The consulting scholar for the current exhibition, Dr. Cohen’s essay “Theresa Bernstein in Gloucester: Shaping Artistic Identity” is included in the exhibition catalogue.
Closing Reception, The Woodmere Annual: 73rd Juried Exhibition
Monday, September 1, 2-4 p.m., FREE
Open House, Theresa Bernstein: A Century in Art
Saturday, September 13, 4-6 p.m., FREE
Includes lecture by Gail Levin.
Also on view:
Jessie Drew-Bear: Stories and Dreams
March 22 – July 13, 2014
Women and Biography: Selections from Woodmere’s Permanent Collection
Through June 1, 2014
Bold Strokes: Quita Brodhead
About the client:
Housed in a 19th-century stone Victorian mansion on six acres in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Woodmere first opened its doors to the public in 1940. The building, grounds and the nucleus of the Permanent Collection are the benefactions of Charles Knox Smith (1845 – 1916), who wished “to awaken the spirit of, the appreciation of, and the knowledge of art … in the City of Philadelphia and surrounding territory.” Today, the Permanent Collection consists of more than 3,000 works of art, celebrating the art and artists of Philadelphia.
Woodmere’s core collection includes important paintings by renowned artists such as Edward Redfield, Daniel Garber, Walter E. Schofield, Benjamin West, Frederic Edwin Church, Violet Oakley, Arthur B. Carles and many more. Woodmere’s nine galleries and salons, including a grand rotunda and a uniquely designated Helen Millard Children’s Gallery, provide space for exhibitions and programs that serve the entire family. In the George D. Widener Studio, a converted carriage house, a year-round roster of classes provides outstanding art training to children and adults. The recent addition of the Children’s Garden provides participants of Woodmere’s Summer Arts Community Program with outdoor space to display and enjoy works of art. The Helen Millard Children’s Gallery also showcases exhibitions of student artwork from local schools.
Woodmere Art Museum
9201 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19118
Corner of Germantown Avenue and Bells Mill Road in Chestnut Hill
Museum Hours:
Beginning Sept. 8, Woodmere offers free admission on Sundays, including all special exhibitions, but excluding special events such as Classic Sundays music series.
Tuesday-Thursday, 10 a.m.–5 p.m.
Friday, 10 a.m.-8:45 p.m.
Saturday, 10 a.m.-6 p.m.
Sunday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m.
Admission: Special exhibitions are $10 for adults, $7 for seniors, FREE for students, children and members. Related programs and events are FREE, unless otherwise noted.
Information: (215) 247-0476 or visit www.woodmereartmuseum.org
Accessible by public transportation: From Center City Philadelphia, take the R8 Chestnut Hill West regional rail train to the end of the line. Turn left on Germantown Avenue and walk for .8 miles to Woodmere. For detailed driving directions, click HERE.
Client Contact Info:
Museum Website: woodmereartmuseum.org
Official Facebook Page: facebook.com/WoodmereArtMuseum
To request photos, interviews and more information, please contact:
Canary Promotion, 215-690-4065
Carolyn Huckabay, carolyn [at] canarypromo [dot] com
Rachel Olenick, rachel [at] canarypromo [dot] com
9/2/2014 Fall at Woodmere Art Museum Brings Annual Straw Maze, Family Activities, Halloween Collectibles and Schofield Landscapes
8/20/2014 Woodmere Art Museum Presents Major Retrospective of Renowned Landscape Painter Walter Elmer Schofield
7/15/2014 Woodmere Art Museum Presents First Retrospective of Pioneering Philadelphia Painter Theresa Bernstein, Chronicler of Twentieth Century Urban Life
5/21/2014 Woodmere Art Museum’s captivating summer exhibitions celebrate the past, present and future of Philadelphia’s art and artists
5/19/2014 Hundreds of Philadelphia Second-Grade Students See Artists Working in Metal, Paint, Wax and Dyes at Woodmere Art Museum; Thirteen Local Schools to Visit May 19 – 22
3/5/2014 Woodmere Art Museum retrospective showcases Philadelphia artist Jessie Drew-Bear’s joyful, unrestrained body of work
1/28/2014 Woodmere Art Museum Celebrates the Distinguished Eight-Decade Career of Late Philadelphia Abstract Painter Quita Brodhead
1/6/2014 Retrospective at Woodmere Art Museum Celebrates the Life and Work of Local Artist Martha Mayer Erlebacher (1937-2013)
10/28/2013 Philadelphia’s Woodmere Art Museum Hires Architect to Develop Master Plan for Museum’s Buildings and Grounds
10/22/2013 Woodmere Art Museum celebrates Philadelphia’s tradition of printmaking with On Paper: The Gift of Ann and Don McPhail
10/17/2013 Woodmere Art Museum Lights Up the Holidays with Family Workshops, Movies, Exhibitions, Live Music, Shopping and More
9/27/2013 New Season of Live Jazz and Classical Music at Woodmere Art Museum
8/28/2013 Woodmere Art Museum Welcomes Families with New Straw Maze and Weekly Art-Making Activities This Fall
8/22/2013 Woodmere Art Museum’s Wild Flowers: Paintings and Drawings by Peter Paone a visual diary documenting an artist’s evolution
6/24/2013 Woodmere Art Museum’s The Poker Game and Its Circle pays tribute to a local group of influential artists of the 1960s and ’70s
5/8/2013 Woodmere Art Museum Caps Season of Music with Poignant Tribute to Jazz Icon Dexter Gordon on June 21
5/2/2013 Young talent dominates Woodmere Art Museum’s In Front of Strangers, I Sing: 72nd Annual Juried Exhibition
4/22/2013 Woodmere Art Museum offers myriad summertime opportunities for kids and families to connect with art and nature
2/22/2013 Woodmere Art Museum exhibition The Promise of Peace: Violet Oakley’s United Nations Portraits captures a pivotal moment in American history
1/11/2013 Woodmere Art Museum Announces New Season of Music
12/17/2012 January Exhibitions Showcase the Growth of Woodmere Art Museum's Remarkable Collection of Works by Philadelphia Artists
12/6/2012 Woodmere Art Museum Celebrates Holiday Festivities with special events for Art Lovers and Families
9/27/2012 Music at Woodmere Hits New Notes in Fall 2012 Season
9/6/2012 Harry Potter-Themed Maze Returns to Woodmere Art Museum
9/4/2012 Woodmere Art Museum presents internationally renowned painter Louise Fishman, on view October 13, 2012-January 6, 2013
6/13/2012 Summer Exhibitions at Woodmere Art Museum Showcase Multifaceted Roles of Philadelphia Artists Alex Kanevsky and Doris Staffel
4/19/2012 Icons of Philadelphia Jazz and Rising Stars of Classical Music Featured in Spring Music Series at Woodmere Art Museum
4/2/2012 Barnes scholar Salvatore Pinto and haunting narrative art showcased in Woodmere Art Museum's two spring exhibitions
1/31/2012 Two new exhibitions at Woodmere Art Museum celebrate Philadelphia Artist Elaine Kurtz and nature-inspired art
1/31/2012 Woodmere Art Museum Celebrates Iconic Artists and Composers in Weekly Jazz and Classical Music Series
1/23/2012 Woodmere Art Museum announces appointment of curator Matthew J. Palczynski,
10/11/2011 Woodmere Art Museum Announces the Acquisition of Abstract Bouquet by American Modernist Painter Arthur B. Carles
9/26/2011 Two exhibitions now on display at Woodmere Art Museum showcase the richness of abstract painting by Philadelphia artists
9/26/2011 Woodmere Art Museum presents Friday Night Jazz and Classic Sundays
9/20/2011 "Owl's Eye" Hay Maze at Woodmere Art Museum Opens Fridays, Saturdays & Sundays through October 30, 2011
9/15/2011 Woodmere Art Museum Names John Affleck Board President
9/8/2011 Response, Remembrance and Reflection, Artists of Philadelphia and the 10th anniversary of 9/11
8/22/2011 Popular Hay Maze returns to Woodmere Art Museum Sept – Oct
7/14/2011 Woodmere Art Museum offering free admission all summer
6/1/2011 Students from Lingelbach School and Philadelphia School exhibit original artwork at Woodmere Art Museum in Chestnut Hill
5/6/2011 “Experience Jazz at Woodmere”in May and June, Woodmere Art Museum extends wildly popular Friday night jazz series
3/25/2011 Woodmere Art Museum presents Friday Night Jazz series in April
3/22/2011 Woodmere Art Museum Announces New Hours & Spring Exhibitions
11/2/2010 Woodmere Art Museum presents John Folinsbee and American Modernism November 6, 2010 – March 6, 2011
Canary Promotion
24 E Glenside Ave, 1st Floor
Glenside , PA , 19038 USA
info@canarypromo.com
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Random thoughts and information from a published author, S. Evan Townsend.
Treasure of the Rogue Moon
Treasure of the Pirate Planet
Treasure of the Black Hole
Gods of Strife
The Terror of Tombstone
Back to the 30-day blogging challenge.
Today's prompt is: "How [did] you come across blogspot, and how has your life changed since joining?"
I don't know how I came across blogspot (which is actually Blogger, now, since Google bought it). If I type in www.blogspot.com into my browser, it comes to blogger.com.
I do remember years ago I was reading a blog (that has since gone private) that was on blogspot. That may have been my introduction.
How has my life changed? None, really, except I have to come up with blog posts. Which is why I do these 30-day blogging challenges and spread them out. Because coming up with things to blog about is tough for me (maybe I should have put that on my "things I suck at" post). I do like to post about college football. But other than that, I usually have no idea what to post about.
Do you blog? Do you enjoy it? How do you find things to blog about? Comment below!
Posted by S. Evan Townsend at 6:00 AM No comments:
Television Review: Stranger Things 2
After how great the first season of Stranger Things on Netflix was, I went into Stranger Things 2 with a bit a trepidation. Would the Duffer Brothers (creators, producers and often writers and directors) be able to match the amazing achievement they had with the first season.
The answer, is short, is yes. And perhaps surpass it. All your favorite characters are there and few new ones. Winona Ryder again plays the aggrieved mother of Will and while she is understandably upset, you never lose sympathy for her. The four young men are back, a bit older and have moved on from playing Dungeons and Dragons to video games. Set in 1984, the show catches the essence of the times and with more than a Reagan/Bush yard sign and the kids wearing Ghostbusters costumes for Halloween. It oozes 1980s small town life. (I grew up in a small town in the 70s and life didn't have the swiftness of change it does now.)
Every performance is pitch perfect. You love some characters and you hate some. But none of them are wasted, even in the smallest parts.
Probably the best compliment I can give Stranger Things is that I hate horror. But I love Stranger Things.
My biggest complaint is that there were only nine episodes. But they were packed and fast-paced. I wanted more. There were only eight in the first season so I should be happy, I guess. Also, according to the Internet Movie Database, there's going to be at least two more seasons. It's going to be fun to watch those kids become teenagers.
Labels: movies and television
Huskies Win the Apple Cup
Last night was the annual cross-state rivalry football game between the University of Washington Huskies and the Washington State University Cougars.
Going into the game, the Cougars were at #13 in the College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings. Washington was #17. In the AP Top 25 poll of sports writers, UW was at 15, WSU at 14.
But what happened showed that those rankings were reversed. Washington received the ball at the kickoff and easily marched down the field through the Cougar's vaunted defense to make a touchdown. And it got worse from there. Even though star wide receiver Dante Pettis went out early with a ankle sprain, the Dawgs dominated. Our wide recieving corps have been decimated by injury this season. So quarterback Jake Browning was throwing to players whose name I'd never heard before.
While the Huskies never turned over the ball, the Cougars had at least three interceptions and one
fumble. The star was running back Miles Gaskin, who ran for 192 yards and had four rushing touchdowns. Even Viscano, the kicker, did well, going 2-2 on field goals and getting every extra point after touchdowns. The Cougars didn't score until the fourth quarter, managing two touchdowns, but it was too little too late. And I suspect Coach Petersen had pulled some starters out of the defense by then, as he tends to do in blow out games.
The final score was 41-14. This is the fifth time in a row UW has won the Apple Cup. The Huskies are 10-2 on the season (7-2 in conference).
This is the first time this year the Huskies have played a ranked team, and they won handily.
The next game for the Huskies will be a bowl game, and we'll find out in a week which one. That is because Stanford won the Pac-12 North and will play USC in the Pac-12 Championship game on Friday. Stanford is also 7-2 in conference but since they beat the Huskies, they are the North winners, even though the Huskies have a better over-all record (Stanford is 9-3 overall after beating Notre Dame last night).
More Deep Thoughts:
Last week I gave my criteria for a "good" Husky season. I came up with these years ago when the Huskies were not able to do these things:
Have at least an 8-4 record
Beat Oregon
Beat WSU
Go to a good bowl and win it
Well, they've done three of those, the first three, this year. I assume with a 10-2 record they will go to one of the better bowls. And they'd better win it.
The CFP rankings will come Tuesday, as always. I assume Washington will move up and Washington State will move down. But neither move will change either team's prospects at getting into the playoffs. Unlikely any Pac-12 team will be in the four teams that make it to the playoffs.
In the AP Top 25 College Football poll that came out this morning (Pacific Time), Three Pac-12 teams have been ranked every week so far this year: UW, WSU, and USC. And this week they are still ranked. USC is unchanged at #11 (they didn't play this week), UW moves up to #13 (from 15), WSU fell to 21 from 14, and Stanford went from 20 to 14.
Next Year:
Washington has been criticized for playing creme puff (or in one case, cupcake) non-conference opponents. That's not happening next year. Washington plays Auburn (who beat Alabama yesterday and moved to #4 in AP poll) in their season opener. Then play BYU in their third game. They do play FCS North Dakota in their second game. I think the Auburn game is at home (which will help because that's going to be a tough game).
Posted by S. Evan Townsend at 11:19 AM No comments:
Labels: huskies, sports
A Speculative Fiction Cantina Replay with Tracy Lawson and Natalie Wright
Today on a Speculative Fiction Cantina replay we are pleased to welcome Tracy Lawson and Natalie Wright.
Tracy Lawson
Once upon a time, Tracy Lawson was a little girl with a big imagination who loved to tell stories. Her interests in dance, theater, and other forms of make-believe led to a career in the performing arts, where “work” means she gets to tap dance, choreograph musicals, and weave stories. A mid-life career change has so far yielded Counteract, Resist, Ignite, and Revolt, the four volumes in the young adult Resistance Series, plus two nonfiction history books.
Tracy's Books:
Pride of the Valley: Sifting through the History of the Mount Healthy Mill (history, non-fiction)
Tracy's Links:
Natalie Wright
Natalie is the author of H.A.L.F., an award-winning science fiction series, and The Akasha Chronicles, a young adult fantasy trilogy. She lives in the high desert of Tucson, Arizona with her husband, teen daughter, and two cat overlords.
A nerd since before it was remotely cool, Natalie spends her non-writing time reading, gaming (ESO, Skyrim, Dragon Age), and hanging out with readers and other fans of geek and nerd culture at comic cons, Sci-Fi/Fantasy literary cons and book festivals throughout the western US. Natalie also geeks out frequently on podcasts, radio shows and guest blogs discussing writing and books. She was raised an Ohio farm girl, lives in the desert Southwest, and dreams of living near the ocean.
Natalie's Books:
H.A.L.F.: The Deep Beneath
H.A.L.F.: The Makers
H.A.L.F.: ORIGINS
Natalie's Links:
From Today's Program: Why the Universe is Accelerating.
Listen to today's program at 6:00 PM ET / 3:00 PM PT, or in archive here.
Labels: Speculative Fiction Cantina
Today is Thanksgiving in the United States. This is the day we get together with family to stuff ourselves full of turkey, stuffing, and mashed potatoes. Some folks also eat yams or sweet potatoes, but I think those are gross (they are almost squash, and I detest squash).
There's usually a football game today. I think traditionally the Detroit Lions lose to the Dallas Cowboys. Although I remember watching a Seahawks game on Thanksgiving, once.
Erma Bombeck once said (and I paraphrase) that Thanksgiving dinner takes six hours to prepare and 12 minutes to eat. And the half time of a football game lasts 12 minutes. This is not a coincidence.
Of course the cliched joke about Thanksgiving is arguing politics with Uncle Bill.
So I hope today Uncle Bill is quiet about how he feels about Trump. Or Hillary. Or whatever he wants to complain about.
Have a happy Thanksgiving if you're in the U.S. And if you're not, have a great day anyway.
The Huskies are 9-2, and That's Not Good Enough
Last night, in a squeaker, the University of Washington Huskies beat the Utah Utes to bring their overall record to 9-2 (6-2 in conference). But it's not good enough. More on that later.
Last night's game was a thriller that either team could win, right up to the last 58 seconds. Teams were swapping touchdowns, but Utah scored first so the best the Huskies could do was tie. A missed extra point and a missed field goal also kept Utah ahead most of the game.
The Huskies managed to make a touchdown with 58 seconds left in the game tying the score at 30-30. Then the Dawgs' defense stopped Utah. When the Utes punted, the Huskies had 28 seconds to score and were 72 yards from their end zone.
But a couple of good plays, including throws by Jake Browning, got them in field goal range. Sort of. Place kicker Vizcaino had already missed a field goal and a PAT. He was 38 yards out. And as time ran out, he made the field goal.
But, in a way, it doesn't matter. The Huskies can't be the Pac-12 North champion. That will be either Washington State or Stanford. It depends on who wins next week's Apple Cup (the cross-state rivalry game between Washington and Washington State).
Stanford is 7-2 in conference (after beating Cal last night) and plays Notre Dame next week so that in-conference score is not going to change. If Washington beats WSU, Washington will be tied at 7-2 in conference. But since we lost to Stanford last week, Stanford would be the Pac-12 North champion. If the Cougars win the Apple Cup, they will be 7-2 in conference and since they beat Stanford, they would be the Pac-12 North champion.
One would almost be tempted to root for WSU in the Apple Cup so they could be the Pac-12 North champions. But....naaaaaaw. It's the Apple Cup: the Huskies have to win it.
The Apple Cup is Saturday at 5:00 PM (PST) on Fox.
USC will be the Pac-12 South champion at 8-1 in conference play (WSU beat them).
The Polls:
As usual, the CFP rankings don't come out until Tuesday but they are often very close to the AP top
25 poll. Everyone in the Pac-12 went up one except Stanford who stayed at #20. WSU is at 14 UW is at 15, and USC is at 11. No team from the Pac-12 will be in the CFP playoffs this year.
Deep Thoughts:
Back when the Huskies weren't very good (they went 0-12 in 2008) I would say I'd be happy if they did the following:
Had at least an 8-4 record
Went to a good bowl and won it.
So far this year, they've done two of those (they have a 9-2 record and they beat Oregon). All that's left this is beat WSU next week in the Apple Cup, and then go to a good bowl (which they will) and then win it.
Last year was the miracle year. The Huskies were 11-1 in the regular season (lost to USC), were the Pac-12 North champs, beat Colorado in the Pac-12 Championship Game, and were in the CFP playoffs (unfortunately losing to Alabama, which is nothing to be ashamed of). Not every year can be like that (unless you're Alabama). Last year raised the bar on fan expectations and I'm no exception. Now I bet the Huskies will lose a lot of good players to the NFL (including quarterback Jake Browning) so next year is going to be even more challenging. And the Huskies have a tougher schedule with non-conference games with Auburn and BYU (they do play North Dakota, an FCS team, in their second game). Hoping Husky coach Chris Petersen is ready to lose more of his star players and has players waiting to step into those roles.
Posted by S. Evan Townsend at 12:41 PM No comments:
This Week in the Pac-12
This is the penultimate weekend in the college football regular season and so also for Pac-12 football. There are some interesting games happening today.
At 5:00 PM (Pacific Standard Time; as all times will be in this post) on ABC, UCLA and (#11 in the CFP) USC have their rivalry game. My nephew went to USC so I know how much they hate UCLA. Usually rivalry games are on the last weekend of the regular season, but USC has a bye next week (idiotic Pac-12 scheduling). USC should win that game, wrapping up the Pac-12 South Championship.
California and (#22 in the CFP) Stanford are also have their rivalry game today. That's because Stanford plays Notre Dame next week. Stanford will probably beat California but not Notre Dame. Today's game is also at 5:00 PM but on Fox.
And the game I care about: at 7:30 PM on ESPN, the (#18 in the CFP) University of Washington Huskies play Utah. Huskies need to win this game to keep their hopes of a Pac-12 North Championship alive. Then they need to beat Washington State (who has a bye this week) next week to be the North Champions. Then they would go on to meet USC in the Pac-12 Championship game on December 1st.
I just wish the game wasn't on so damn late. If Washington had beat Stanford last week, Washington would be higher ranked and might have gotten an earlier time slot on ESPN or Fox.
Other Pac-12 games this week: Arizona State at Oregon State (12 noon on Pac-12 Networks). and Arizona at Oregon (4:00 PM on Pac-12 Networks). Colorado also has a bye this week before their rivalry game against Utah next week.
The Speculative Fiction Cantina with Arizona Tape and J. A. Pickett
Today on the Speculative Fiction Cantina we are pleased to welcome writers Arizona Tape and J. A. Pickett.
Arizona Tape
Arizona Tape is quite a chaotic, young adult that shares her house with a cactus plant and has sleep dates with her bed. She makes up stories in her head all the time like a crazy person and occasionally writes them down too. But only if the mood is right.
In her spare time, she enjoys discovering new places with her friends, making all kinds of food as she waltzes through her kitchen like a tornado or likes relaxing on her couch with a movie and a cozy blanket.
Arizona's Books:
Danny's Dance
My Own Human
Arizona's Links;
J. A. Pickett
With a lifetime dream of becoming an author, this is Jennifer Pickett’s second book A Distortion of Reality with 22,018 words. Her first book A Pocket Full of Stories was published in 2010 with Amazon under the name "J. A. Heathcock."
J.A.'s Books:
A Distortion of Reality
A Pocket Full of Stories (as J. A. Heathcock)
J.A.'s Links:
From Today's Program: Solar Wind Charges Mars' Moon Phobos.
Listen to today's program at 6:00 PM ET, 3:00 PM PT, or in archive here.
Education is Important, But....
Back to the 30-day blogging challenge that I'm doing in 30 weeks or so (depending on how many I skip).
Today's prompt is: "How important you think education is."
George dropped out of high school. He went to apply for a janitor's job but they turned him down because it required a high school diploma.
So he walked home. As he did, he saw a man trying to repair the sidewalk in front of his house with concrete. George knew something about concrete because he'd worked with his father with it on their farm. So George offered to help the man for $20. The man happily paid. And he said since George did such a good job, he'd recommend him to his friends.
So George started doing concrete work around town for people, making decent money. He eventually bought a small mixer to do the concrete in and do bigger jobs. Since he always did a great job, he kept getting work. Eventually he bought a truck. Then two trucks. Then more, and a concrete planet on the edge of town and he became a successful businessman who employed a lot of people.
The local newspaper wanted to do a story on George and he let them interview him. The reporter asked "How much education do you have?" George said he never even finished high school. The reporter was impressed and asked, "What would you be doing if you had finished high school?"
George said, "I'd be a janitor."
Having said all that, I think education is very important. But it's not the most important thing. You can have a Ph.D from Harvard but if you don't have a work ethic, you'll accomplish very little. Now for a lot of jobs, you have to have a degree of some sort. If you want to be an engineer, you'd better have an engineering degree from an accredited university.
Education is important. But what gets you ahead in life if working hard, doing a good job, and having a good, positive attitude.
Here's a video about that (sort of).
The Huskies are 8-2
I'm going to write this post in two parts: Saturday Morning after the Friday night Husky game and Sunday Morning when all the other games have been played and the AP Top 25 Poll has come out.
The University of Washington Huskies played Stanford last night in Palo Alto, California. I knew going in this was going to be a tough game, playing Stanford on their home turf is never easy. But at first, it looked like there was no problem for the Dawgs. The Cardinal (it's a color) got the ball first but were stopped by the Huskies' amazing defense, and then the Huskies scored a touchdown, and then the defense stopped Stanford again and the Huskies scored again in the second quarter. Then the Cardinal scored. It might have been a high-scoring game except...the Huskies somehow stopped playing hard. Starting in the second quarter, Stanford kept racking up points as the hapless Huskies would go three and out on most series. At some point in the fourth quarter, the announces mentioned that the Huskies had had only one first down in the second half.
With less than five minutes to go, the Huskies came alive and tried to make up a 16 point deficit. They got a touchdown and made the two-point conversion. But it was too little, too late.
The Huskies aren't used to being behind and I wonder if the farther behind they got, the more demoralized they became. Something was off last night. The final score of the game was 22-30.
This makes the Huskies 8-2 over all and 6-2 in conference.
On Sunday morning we'll see how the rest of the Pac-12 shakes out and what happens in the AP poll. But this finishes Washington's slim hopes of being the the CFP playoffs. No Pac-12 team will make the playoffs this year.
Last Tuesday, the CFP committee put the Huskies at #9. I'm assuming they will be lower this week when the rankings come out on Tuesday. The AP poll also had them at #9.
Yesterday, Washington State University Cougars beat Utah bringing their record to 9-2 overall and 6-2 in conference. That puts them on top of the Pac-12 North. But their bye week is next week (meaning they have two weeks to prepare for the Apple Cup rivalry game with UW). Likely, the Pac-12 North championship will come down to the Apple Cup, if UW beats Utah next week at home.
Stanford is also 6-2 in conference but 7-3 over all so they're in third place. They play Nortre Dame on the last weekend of the regular season. They play California in their rivalry game next week.
In the Pac-12 South, USC beat Colorado to remain in the top position. They play UCLA next week in that cross-town rivalry game. Their bye week is the last week of the regualar season, giving them more time to prepare for the Pac-12 Championship game. The Pac-12 did a horrible job of scheduling bye weeks this year. That's probably partly to blame on ESPN and Fox, who have contracts with the Pac-12 to show the games.
It's too bad Washington lost, they could have gone up a lot in the AP poll and the CFP rankings. That's because #10 Auburn beat #1 Georgia (these rankings are CFP). And #7 Miami Florida beat #3 Notre Dame. As those teams drop, Washington could have moved up.
In the AP top 25 poll (which is a hint of what the CFP committee will do), Washington is now at #16 with no chance of getting into the playoffs (top 4). USC is the top-ranked Pac-12 team at #12. WSU is at #15 (yes, higher than Washington). And Stanford is back in the top 25 at #20.
Georgia dropped from #2 in the AP poll to #7 and Notre Dame went from #3 in the AP poll to #9.
Washington plays Utah next week at home. The game is at 7:30 PM PST on ESPN. I hate these late games.
The Speculative Fiction Cantina with Catrina Taylor and Jack Hillman
Today on the Speculative fiction Cantina we are pleased to welcome writers Catrina Taylor and Jack Hillman.
Catrina Taylor
Mother, Author, and scifi enthusiast, Catrina Taylor keeps her words flowing, worlds growing, and friends in touch with what is going on. She is currently working on the release of a new universe in the first quarter of 2018.
Catrina's Books:
The Choosing: Knights of the Immortals (Book 2)
Noble Transition: Knights of the Immortals (Book 3)
Choices: Knights of the Immortals (Book 4)
Catrina's Links:
Jack Hillman
Jack Hillman is a journalist, novelist, playwright and a medical underwriter. His published fiction has appeared in Buzzy Mag, Sorcerous Signals, Amazon Shorts, Aberrations, the Kings of The Night III anthology, and the Magistria: World Of The Sorcerer anthology. His most recent novel, Magic Forgotten- was released September 2017, the first book of a new series.
Jack's Books:
Giants Want The Lost River
Giants Want Ragnarok
Magic Forgotten
Jack's Links:
From today's Program: Alien Visitor to the Solar System
Back to the 30-day blogging challenge that I'm doing in 30 weeks (approximately).
Today's prompt is: "Your middle name and how you feel about it."
This is kind of funny for me. I go, professionally by my middle name: "Evan." This is why I'm "S. Evan Townsend." I like my middle name better than my first name (which starts with "S," obviously). People who know me personally call me by my first name (one calls me "S.") and as a child I only heard my middle name when I was in trouble.
My brother-in-law goes by his middle name personally and professionally. I didn't know for a long time that he had another name. It's not bad, I don't know why he doesn't like it.
My wife, on the other hand, hates her middle name. I think it's cute, but she loathes it. She wasn't happy when I gave a character that name. I won't say what her middle name is, but it's an old Norse name. And the character is in Hammer of Thor.
So, obviously, I like my middle name (better than my first name). Although I'm still getting used to people calling me "Evan."
How do you feel about your middle name? Comment below.
Star Trek: Discovery "Issues."
This post is going to reveal what a geek I am. And warning:
**Spoilers Ahead***
I have so far watched seven eight episodes of Star Trek: Discovery. And I have..."issues" with it.
It's very well made, and well written, and looks gorgeous in 4K (I'm watching it through an Amazon Fire TV with 4K). The main actors do a fine job and it seems everyone buys into the Star Trek mythos. There's not a smirk in the bunch (unlike the J.J. Abrams Star Trek movies).
Star Trek: Discovery (hereafter ST:D) is set ten years before the first Star Trek series (the original series, hereafter ST:TOS) with Spock and Kirk and Bones. So it's a prequel.
I'm not going to complain about ST:D having technology that wasn't in ST:TOS such as holograms and to activate the transporter you move a slider on a screen, not a physical slider. I can live with that. After all, our technology, especially in movie/television special effects, has changed a lot since the late 1960s.
I'm not going to complain that in all the ST:TOS episodes and movies, Spock never once mentioned having a human foster sister.
I'm not even going to bitch about the science errors (how did the Beacon of Kahless, basically a very bright light, communicate over interstellar distances in a matter of minutes?)
But there are a lot of continuity issues with ST:TOS and Star Trek: The Next Generation (hereafter ST:TNG). I almost wish I'd taken notes, there are so many.
1) The Klingons have cloaking. This is about 12 years before the Klingons got cloaking. In "The Enterprise Incident" episode of ST:TOS it is explained that the Romulans traded cloaking technology to the Klingons in exchange for ships. This is when the Klingons first had the cloaking device. Now, in ST:D it's only one (or two) ships and a lot of the Klingons are surprised by it. But it's never explained how a Klingon got cloaking technology.
2) The insignia everyone wears is wrong. In ST:TOS, all the ships had their own insignia. The
Enterprise Command Insignia
Enterprise's insignia was the triangle thing that everyone now associates with Star Trek. When the Enterprise came back from its very successful five-year mission, Starfleet made its insignia the symbol of Starfleet. That's why in the movies, in ST:TNG, and other later shows, everyone is wearing the stylized triangle of the Enterprise. In ST:D, everyone is already wearing that Enterprise insignia. They shouldn't be. They should be wearing an insignia unique to their ship.
3) In the ST:TOS episode "Day of the Dove," Kirk does a very risky "site-to-site" transport from the transporter room to inside the ship. This was supposed to be the first time it's tried and worked. In ST:D, they do this all the time (okay, three times). They sort of needed to for the plot, but it's still an inconsistency. (By the time ST:TNG came around, site-to-site teleportation was old hat.)
4) Captain Lorca has a tribble in his ready room. If he knows about tribbles, how come they were such a shock to Kirk in the ST:TOS episode "The Trouble with Tribbles"? Lorca apparently knows not to feed it so he won't be knee-deep in tribbles. How come Dr. McCoy had to figure that out?
5) The Klingons don't look like Klingons. Okay, the art department wanted to put their own spin on them. But at least give them hair.
6) Harry Mudd's character is, in my opinion, violated. He is not a killer, he's a con man. He's too chicken to kill someone.
And 7) The Discovery doesn't look like a Starfleet ship. In fact, none of the ships really do. I know it's supposed to be ten years earlier, but the Enterprise in Star Trek: Enterprise looked more like a Starfleet ship than the Discovery does.
It's still a pretty good show. But I wish they'd honor their heritage by being a little more consistent with the Star Trek canon.
UPDATE: In last night's episode they said that Starfleet doesn't have the death penalty. But they do: going to Talos IV, as described in "The Menagerie" episode of ST:TOS.
UPDATE to the UPDATE: When it was stated in ST:D that Starfleet doesn't have a death penalty, that was very likely before the Enterprise under Captain Pike visited Talox IV. So it was before that death penalty was instated.
Huskies are 8-1
Yesterday, Ohio State, which was ranked #3 in the AP top 25 poll and #6 in the CFP rankings, lost to Iowa. Not #14 (#15 CFP) Iowa State, but Iowa. They just didn't lose to the unranked Hawkeyes, they were trounced. This means Ohio State is going to be dropping a lot in both the AP poll and the CFP rankings (which come out Tuesday).
Which is good news for every team ranked below them, including the University of Washington Huskies.
Last night the Huskies took on the Oregon Ducks in a rainy game at Husky Stadium. Oregon took the kickoff to start the game and then managed to march down the field. The Husky defense held them to a field goal, putting them on the board first at 3-0. Then the Huskies marched down the field, but got held to a field goal attempt. Place kicker Viscano tried and missed. This was the nadir of the game.
The Ducks never scored again. Dante Pettis made his 8th career runback for a touchdown from a punt, making him the NCAA all time record holder for that accomplishment. From then on out, the Huskies dominated the hapless Ducks, who often just went three and out when they had the ball. A fake reverse got the Huskies seven more points. When the score was 38 - 3 and there was about 9 minutes left in the game, Husky coach Chris Petersen, as he does, started rotating backup players into the game. Even then, the Ducks couldn't score (even though they could move the ball better). The final score was 38 - 3. The missed field goal denied us a 40+ score, something I think is needed to impress the voters of the AP poll and the CFP committee.
Also yesterday, the Washington State Cougars defeated Stanford in Pullman. This is both good and
bad for the Huskies. It's good because now the Dawgs are securely in the top spot of the Pac-12 North with an 8-1 record (5-1 in conference). The Cougars are number two at 8-2 overall, 5-2 in conference. And Stanford is at number three with a 6-3 overall and 5-2 in conference.
But it's bad because this will probably drop Stanford out of the AP and CFP top 25, meaning next week's game when the Huskies travel to Palo Alto to play the Cardinal, Stanford won't be ranked. And the Huskies will still not have played a ranked team. That will have to wait until the Apple Cup the Saturday after Thanksgiving (assuming the Cougs don't "Coug it" in their game against Utah next week. their last game before the Apple Cup).
In the Pac-12 South, after defeating the Arizona Wildcats, USC is firmly in control and will probably be the Pac-12 South winner with an 8-2 overall and 6-1 in conference record.
The Playoff Hopes:
If Washington doesn't lose any more games and beats USC in the Pac-12 championship game, they might have a chance at a playoff spot. But this year the competition is so strong, it seems unlikely. Washington's strength of schedule (or lack thereof) will hurt them with the committee. Sure, Ohio State is out, but you have powerhouses such as Alabama (who Washington lost to last year in the playoffs), Georgia, Notre Dame, and Clemson currently in the top four positions. Alabama and Georgia are undefeated. I don't see that list changing unless one of the top four has an upset loss. Washington should move up with Ohio State's loss, but I don't see them getting into the top four slots anytime this season, which is where you have to be to be in the playoffs.
The CFP doesn't come out until Tuesday. But the AP top 25 poll comes out at 2 PM EST (11 AM PST) today (Sunday).
Ohio State dropped from #3 to #11. Washington went from #12 to #9, putting them back in the top 10. USC went from #17 to #15, and WSU went from #25 to #19. And Stanford dropped out of the top 25. Arizona also dropped out of the top 25 after being ranked for one whole week.
It'll be interesting to see what happens Tuesday with the CFP rankings.
We Love to Hate Oregon
Today the University of Washington Huskies play the University of Oregon Ducks. For many Husky fans, this rivalry is even more important than the cross-state rivalry between the Huskies and the Washington State University Cougars.
I talk about why, here. Let's just say that Huskies love to hate the Oregon Ducks.
Last year, after I wrote that post linked above, we destroyed Oregon 70-21 on their home turf. Think of that more as ten touchdowns to three touchdowns. Making ten touchdowns in one game is a amazing accomplishment for any team. It was a wonderful part of the Huskies'
Oregon Logo
wonderful 2016 season. Oregon fired their coach at the end of the season and brought in a new guy. Phil Knight (Nike founder and Oregon graduate) has said he'll pay up to $10 million per year for a coaching staff that can make Oregon great again.
Today's game is at Husky Stadium so we get to play at home. Oregon, rebuilding after what was an awful year for them last year, is 5-4 overall, 2-4 in conference so far on the season while the Huskies are 7-1 overall, 4-1 in conference. This should be a fairly easy win for the Huskies (of course, I thought that about Arizona State).
The game is at 7:00 PM PDT on FS1. It'll be interesting to see what awful uniform the Ducks are going to wear.
The Speculative Fiction Cantina with Parker J Cole and K. T. Conte
Today on the Speculative Fiction Cantina we are pleased to welcome writers Parker J Cole and K. T. Conte.
Parker J Cole
Parker J Cole and also writing as Parker Payne
Parker J. Cole is an author, speaker, radio host and executive of PJC Media with an obsession for the Lord, Star Trek, K-dramas, anime, romance books, old movies, speculative fiction, and knitting. A former Mountain Dew and marshmallow addict, she writes to fill the void the sugar left behind. Find out any and everything about her at parkerjcole.com. Or just ask.
Parker's Works:
Druid’s Spear (writing as Parker Payne)
"Godforsaken" (short story)
Parker's Links:
K. T. Conte
K.T. Conte is a lover of books, people and all things wild and crazy. She received her B.A. in English from Boston College and her law degree from Suffolk University Law School. While she has and continues to be a licensed attorney, her first love has always been books from the tender age of 2. Originally from Massachusetts, K.T. currently lives in New York City with the monsters in the closet, her husband Everett, a couple of building fairies and her dog, Champ.
K.T.'s Book:
Awoke: The Want Series
K.T.'s Links:
From Today's Program: An Inflatable Habitat Orbiting the Moon.
Two More Pet Peeves
Wow, November already. Christmas will be here soon.
Back to the 30-day blogging challenge. Today's prompt: "Your Top Five Pet Peeves."
Well, I did three here. So I guess I only need two more.
Number Four: People who post stupid stuff on Facebook that if they took a moment to think about it, they would know it's not accurate. For example, it seems every six months or so this thing goes around about posting something will protect your privacy on Facebook. Or something. I never read it.
This seems to have abated lately and instead there's tons of Fake News. Whenever I see something on FB that claims to be news, I check the source. If it isn't a source I trust (mostly major news organizations), I dismiss it. And it swings from far left to far right.
Number Five: I do a fair amount of book signings. And people will come up to you, pick up a book, and flip through nearly all the pages. I have no idea why. But I tell them, "Yes, there's print on every page." Because what else are they looking for? I know some folks are looking to see how big the font is, but you don't have to look at every damn page to do that.
Or kids with dirty hands will come up and I say, "Please don't touch the books" in an authoritative voice and...they touch the books.
So there's two more pet peeves in addition to the three I did earlier. What are your pet peeves?
Not Doing NaNoWriMo This Year.
This is the first day of NaNoWriMo.
Might as well get it out now: I'm not doing NaNoWriMo this year.
I've done it four years, won three of those years. The three novels I won with were the "Treasures of Space" novels (Treasure of the Black Hole, Treasure of the Pirate Planet, and Treasure of the Rogue Moon). The novel I didn't win with was Book of Death, which I did eventually finish. What stopped me from winning was I realized I needed to do a lot of research on Romania (where most of the novel is set) and I didn't have time to do that and finish the novel by the end of November.
Last year I didn't do NaNoWriMo because I had nothing to write. I was trying to write a novel, had writer's Hoover Dam (not just a block, but Hoover Dam). This year I started a short story which is now around 25,000 words. I'm not going to stop writing it to do a NaNo novel. And I don't think I'll get 50,000 more words out of it (I'm hoping for 35,000 more).
So no NaNo for me. I'll just keep plugging away at my current work in progress. It's working title is Chumba of the Intelligence Corps: The Smugglers of Mars. It's a prequel to the "Treasures of Space" novels.
Labels: NaNoWriMo, writing
Follow me on Twitter @SEvanTownsend
http://www.sevantownsend.com
S. Evan Townsend
S. Evan Townsend has been called "America's Unique Speculative Fiction Voice" and writes novels that cause thrills and rapid page-turning. After spending four years in the U.S. Army in the Military Intelligence branch, he returned to civilian life and college to earn a B.S. in Forest Resources from the University of Washington. In his spare time he enjoys reading, driving (sometimes on a racetrack), meeting people, and talking with friends. He is in a 12-step program for Starbucks addiction. Evan lives in central Washington State with his wife and has three grown sons. He enjoys science fiction, fantasy, history, politics, cars, and travel. He currently has ten published fantasy and science fiction novels.
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The Dangers of Crowdfunding Your Baby
CRYING OUT LOUD
A U.K. couple’s GoFundMe page requesting money for a surrogate is the latest in a string of campaigns aimed at crowdfunding fertility. Is leaning on the Internet to make a child ethical?
Charlotte Lytton
Updated Apr. 14, 2017 11:03AM ET / Published Apr. 13, 2015 5:15AM ET
Photo Illustration by Emil Lendof/The Daily Beast
Crowdfunding has enabled the creation of some unique things over the years—the world’s largest jockstrap, wooden handbags, a $55k potato salad party–but a new campaign is hoping to back something a little more precious: human life.
This time the campaign revolves around a couple in the UK, who are hoping to rely on the kindness of strangers to find a surrogate so that they can have a child.
One of many who have attempted the feat in recent years, their request is a part of a growing trend to link fertility to the digital world. But pages like these may take crowdfunding to an entirely different—and potentially dangerous—level. Beyond unorthodox, the move raises ethical questions about how far is too far in using technology to bring new life into the world.
Lauren Marchant, 28, started her page after a life-saving hysterectomy ruled out the possibility of a natural conception. Following the birth of her son Logan via emergency caesarean, Marchant hemorrhaged and lost a great deal of blood, resulting in her being hooked up to a life support machine for several days. It was during this time that the procedure was administered, with Marchant only finding out what had happened when she later regained consciousness.
Hysterectomies often lead to recipients going through menopause far earlier, and at the six-week check-up following Logan’s birth, Lauren enquired about freezing her eggs in the hopes that she would be able to receive funding for fertility treatment in the future. Her plans were quickly dashed when she was told that, as she already had one child, she was unlikely to receive any financial support to aid the conception of another. “I can’t describe how awful it felt,” she told the Huffington Post. “It was just heartbreaking.”
A year later, Lauren got back together with her now-husband Ben, also 28, a former childhood sweetheart and friend who had been at her side during the post-birth complications. Desperate for a biological child of their own, the pair assessed their options and, two years later, decided to pursue surrogacy.
Lauren’s fears were confirmed, though, when they were told that they would have to foot the $29,000 bill without state help. They planned to save up the money themselves, but after further tests showed Lauren’s ovaries were operating at a severely reduced level, a crowdfunding page seemed like the only option for funding within a rapidly closing window.
“I know this is the right thing to do for my family,” Lauren says. “The reaction I’ve had from crowdfunding has been really positive. I’ve had women contact me for advice who want to do the same thing as us.”
While our current climate of asking strangers on the Internet for money means that the Marchants’s request isn’t entirely shocking, the concept of getting others to fund your family does raise questions about whether we should be held responsible for things other people want.
On Fordham University’s Ethics and Society blog, professor and bioethicist at the Center for Ethics Education Dr. Elizabeth Yuko explores a host of potential problems—from privacy to obligation. “Prospective parents may presume that in situations where funds are being raised from family or their own church, that the financial supporters are likely to share our values,” she writes. “Should they feel discomfort in not knowing the values of strangers on the Internet who will play such an important role in bringing a child into their life?”
Despite the remaining ethical questions, the trend continues to grow. A Seattle Times report from October noted at least 50 pages of this nature from surrounding towns. One couple, in Mountlake Terrace, Washington, was even successful—reportedly raising $13,000 for IVF and other procedures.
Though Marchant’s case is undoubtedly a deeply upsetting one, an inability to have a second biological child is something experienced by many, and is perhaps not the most obvious cause to donate to. “I don’t think you should have to be rich to have a family,” Merchant says. True, but one should not have to be rich to do an infinite number of things, like pay for cancer treatment, or get an education—yet exorbitant costs mount up regardless. Resting one’s hopes on other people’s willingness to fund your desires seems precarious at best, and selfish at worst.
As the reams of bizarre crowdfunders past and present show, though, the Internet has provided us an essential marketplace whereby ourselves, and our stories, can attract investment. And, if people are willing to donate almost $60,000 for a man to slice and dice a root vegetable, a small donation towards a family’s happiness is comparatively little to ask.
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Prop 8: Legal Art Inspires Equality
Posted in: Art | (Français) le27 March 2013
My latest artwork on the landmark Hollingsworth v. Perry case about same-sex marriage was on display for the first time at the New York Art Expo last week. This week the US Supreme Court shall hear arguments for this case by super-lawyers David Boies and Theodore Olson on behalf of same-sex couples.
The NY Art Expo attracted some 150, 000 visitors and everybody checking my artwork was amazed by my original idea of transforming legal concepts and cases into unique acrylic on canvas paintings.
While contemplating the Hollingsworth v. Perry artwork some visitors thought whether I was gay. I explained that we don’t have to be gay to fight for gay rights like we don’t have to be women to fight for women’s rights. We simply need to believe in a right and this right is about equality.
I’m glad that my artwork inspires equality by making people think about the conflicting values at play and realize that it’s OK to be different!
The Case History
In 2008, the state of California enacted Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment declaring that “only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California.” The effect of Proposition 8 was to ban same-sex marriage in California.
According to the Catholic Church, the Biblical definition of marriage is a sacred union that can only exist between a man and a woman. It cannot exist between two individuals of the same sex.
On the other hand, the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community believes that the law should guarantee the same freedoms and rights to everyone, irrespective of their sexual orientation. For the LGBT community, marriage is an institution that conveys dignity and respect to the commitment of any couple. They believe that Proposition 8 denies lesbian and gay couples that same dignity and respect that opposite-sex couples enjoy.
Hollingsworth v. Perry is considered by many to be a landmark case. The two super-lawyers, Theodore Olson and David Boies who opposed each other in the famous Bush v. Gore election case decided to team up to challenge the validity of Proposition 8 on behalf of same-sex couples. In 2010, these two lawyers were chosen by TIME Magazine to be among the 100 most influential people in the world. They remind us that “the fundamental values binding us together are more important than those separating us.”
In 2010, a U.S Federal Court Judge declared Proposition 8 to be unconstitutional since it denied equal protection under the law. The case is currently being considered by the United States Supreme Court.
My painting depicts the different values opposing each other in this case. The canvas background represents colours of the rainbow flag synonymous of the LGBT pride. Each of these colours represent the different values cherished by the LGBT community.
In the middle, a cross symbolizes the presence of the Christian Church trying to protect marriage as a fundamental and sacred value inherent to Christianity. The same outline representing a cross from the inside also represents two identical pairs of faces from the outside. The first pair above represents a lesbian couple and the second pair below represents a gay couple.
Staring at each other, they are ready to exchange vows to seal their union. However, they cannot get closer than they are because of the cross in their way. They can only formulate their ‘proposition to marry’ once Proposition 8 would be set aside.
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New test to Measure The Expansion of Our Universe Provides Even More Puzzling Results
September 13, 2019 by admin 0 Comments
Advances in astronomical observation over the past century have allowed scientists to construct a remarkably successful model of how the cosmos works. It makes sense – the better we can measure something, the more we learn.
But when it comes to the question of how fast our Universe is expanding, some new cosmological measurements are making us ever more confused.
Since the 1920s we’ve known that the Universe is expanding – the more distant a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. In fact, in the 1990s, the rate of expansion was found to be accelerating.
The current expansion rate is described by something called “Hubble’s Constant” – a fundamental cosmological parameter.
Until recently, it seemed we were converging on an accepted value for Hubble’s Constant. But a mysterious discrepancy has emerged between values measured using different techniques.
Now a new study, published in Science, presents a method that may help to solve the mystery.
The problem with precision
Hubble’s Constant can be estimated by combining measurements of the distances to other galaxies with the speed they are moving away from us.
By the turn of the century, scientists agreed that the value was about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec – one megaparsec is just over 3 million light years. But in the last few years, new measurements have shown that this might not be a final answer.
If we estimate Hubble’s Constant using observations of the local, present-day Universe, we get a value of 73. But we can also use observations of the afterglow of the Big Bang – the “cosmic microwave background” – to estimate Hubble’s Constant.
But this “early” Universe measurement gives a lower value of around 67.
Worryingly, both of the measurements are reported to be precise enough that there must be some sort of problem. Astronomers euphemistically refer to this as “tension” in the exact value of Hubble’s Constant.
If you’re the worrying kind, then the tension points to some unknown systematic problem with one or both of the measurements. If you’re the excitable kind, then the discrepancy might be a clue about some new physics that we didn’t know about before.
Although it has been very successful so far, perhaps our cosmological model is wrong, or at least incomplete.
The universe’s expansion. (NASA/WMAP)
Distant versus local
To get to the bottom of the discrepancy, we need a better linking of the distance scale between the very local and very distant Universe.
The new paper presents a neat approach to this challenge. Many estimates of the expansion rate rely on the accurate measurement of distances to objects. But this is really hard to do: we can’t just run a tape measure across the Universe.
One common approach is to use “Type 1a” supernovas (exploding stars). These are incredibly bright, so we can see them at great distance. As we know how luminous they should be, we can calculate their distance by comparing their apparent brightness with their known luminosity.
To derive Hubble’s Constant from the supernova observations, they must be calibrated against an absolute distance scale because there is still a rather large uncertainty in their total brightness.
Currently, these “anchors” are very nearby (and so very accurate) distance markers, such as Cepheid Variable stars, which brighten and dim periodically.
If we had absolute distance anchors further out in the cosmos, then the supernova distances could be calibrated more accurately over a wider cosmic range.
Far-flung anchors
The new work has dropped a couple of new anchors by exploiting a phenomenon called gravitational lensing.
By looking at how light from a background source (like a galaxy) bends due to the gravity of a massive object in front of it, we can work out the properties of that foreground object.
A galaxy (centre of box) split light from an exploding background supernova into four yellow dots. (NASA/Hubble)
The team has studied two galaxies that are lensing the light from two other background galaxies. The distortion is so strong that multiple images of each background galaxy are projected around the foreground deflectors (such as in the image above).
The components of light making up each of those images will have travelled slightly different distances on their journey to Earth as the light bends around the foreground deflector. This causes a delay in the arrival time of light across the lensed image.
If the background source has a fairly constant brightness, we don’t notice that time delay. But when the background source itself varies in brightness, we can measure the difference in light arrival time. This work does exactly that.
The time delay across the lensed image is related to the mass of the foreground galaxy deflecting the light, and its physical size. So when we combine the measured time delay with the mass of the deflecting galaxy (which we know) we get an accurate measure of its physical size.
Like a penny held at arms length, we can then compare the apparent size of the galaxy to the physical size to determine the distance, because an object of fixed size will appear smaller when it is far away.
The authors present absolute distances of 810 and 1230 megaparsecs for the two deflecting galaxies, with about a 10-20 percent margin of error.
Treating these measurements as absolute distance anchors, the authors go on to reanalyse the distance calibration of 740 supernovas from a well-established data set used to determine Hubble’s Constant. The answer they got was just over 82 kilometres per second per megaparsec.
This is quite high compared to the numbers mentioned above. But the key point is that with only two distance anchors the uncertainty in this value is still quite large. Importantly, though, it is statistically consistent with the value measured from the local Universe.
The uncertainty will be reduced by hunting for – and measuring – distances to other strongly lensed and time-varying galaxies. They are rare, but upcoming projects like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope should be capable of detecting many such systems, raising hopes of reliable values.
The result provides another piece of the puzzle. But more work is needed: it still doesn’t explain why the value derived from the cosmic microwave background is so low. So the mystery remains, but hopefully not for too long.
James Geach, Professor of Astrophysics and Royal Society University Research Fellow, University of Hertfordshire.
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Duality for mixed-integer linear programs
by M. Guzelsoy, T. K. Ralphs - The International Journal of Operations Research , 2007
"... AbstractThe theory of duality for linear programs is well-developed and has been successful in advancing both the theory and practice of linear programming. In principle, much of this broad framework can be extended to mixed-integer linear programs, but this has proven difficult, in part because dua ..."
AbstractThe theory of duality for linear programs is well-developed and has been successful in advancing both the theory and practice of linear programming. In principle, much of this broad framework can be extended to mixed-integer linear programs, but this has proven difficult, in part because
Systems using Mixed Integer Linear Programming
by A. N. Tarău, B. De, Schutter J. Hellendoorn
"... Predictive control for baggage handling systems using mixed integer linear programming ∗ ..."
Predictive control for baggage handling systems using mixed integer linear programming ∗
MILP: Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
by Amirhossein Hajimiragha, Michael Fowler, Claudio Cañizares
"... This paper investigates the feasibility of electrolytic hydrogen production for the transport sector during off-peak periods in Ontario. This analysis is based on the existing electricity system infrastructure and its planned future development up to 2025. First, a simplified but realistic zonal bas ..."
This paper investigates the feasibility of electrolytic hydrogen production for the transport sector during off-peak periods in Ontario. This analysis is based on the existing electricity system infrastructure and its planned future development up to 2025. First, a simplified but realistic zonal based model for Ontario’s electricity transmission network is developed. Then, based on Ontario’s Integrated Power System Plan (IPSP), a zonal pattern of generation capacity procurement in Ontario from 2008 to 2025 is proposed, specifying the total effective generation capacity in each zone that contributes to base-load energy. Finally, an optimization model is developed to find the optimal size of hydrogen production plants to be developed in different zones, as well as optimal hydrogen transportation routes to achieve a feasible hydrogen economy penetration in Ontario up to 2025. The proposed model is shown to be an effective planning tool for electrolysis based hydrogen economy studies. The results of the present study demonstrate that the present and projected electricity grid in Ontario can be optimally exploited for hydrogen production, achieving 1.2 % to 2.8 % levels of hydrogen economy penetration by 2025 without any additional grid or power generation investments beyond those currently planned.
Safe bounds in linear and mixed-integer linear programming
by Arnold Neumaier, Oleg Shcherbina - MATH. PROGRAMMING , 2004
"... Current mixed-integer linear programming solvers are based on linear programming routines that use floating-point arithmetic. Occasionally, this leads to wrong solutions, even for problems where all coefficients and all solution components are small integers. An example is given where many state-o ..."
Current mixed-integer linear programming solvers are based on linear programming routines that use floating-point arithmetic. Occasionally, this leads to wrong solutions, even for problems where all coefficients and all solution components are small integers. An example is given where many state
Optimal Trajectory Planning for Trains Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming
by Yihui Wang, Bart De Schutter, Bin Ning, Noortje Groot
"... Optimal trajectory planning for trains using mixed integer linear programming ∗ ..."
Optimal trajectory planning for trains using mixed integer linear programming ∗
Noncommercial Software for Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
by J. T. Linderoth, T. K. Ralphs , 2004
"... We present an overview of noncommercial software tools for the solution of mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs). We first review solution methodologies for MILPs and then present an overview of the available software, including detailed descriptions of eight software packages available under open s ..."
We present an overview of noncommercial software tools for the solution of mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs). We first review solution methodologies for MILPs and then present an overview of the available software, including detailed descriptions of eight software packages available under open
Testing Cut Generators for Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
by François Margot , 2007
"... In this paper, a methodology for testing the accuracy and strength of cut generators for mixed-integer linear programming is presented. The procedure amounts to random diving towards a feasible solution, recording several kinds of failures. This allows for a ranking of the accuracy of the generators ..."
In this paper, a methodology for testing the accuracy and strength of cut generators for mixed-integer linear programming is presented. The procedure amounts to random diving towards a feasible solution, recording several kinds of failures. This allows for a ranking of the accuracy
Mixed-integer Linear Programming in the Analysis of Trivium and Ktantan
by Julia Borghoff
"... Abstract. In this paper we present a rather new approach to apply mixed-integer optimization to the cryptanalysis of cryptographic primitives. We focus on the stream cipher Trivium, that has been recommended by the eSTREAM stream cipher project, and the lightweight block cipher Ktantan. Using these ..."
these examples we explain how the problem of solving a non-linear multivariate Boolean equation system can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. Our main focus is the formulation of the mixed-integer programming model (MIP model), which includes amongst others the choice of a conversion
Trajectory Optimization using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
by Arthur George Richards , 2002
"... This thesis presents methods for finding optimal trajectories for vehicles subjected to avoidance and assignment requirements. The former include avoidance of collisions with obstacles or other vehicles and avoidance of thruster plumes from spacecraft. Assignment refers to the inclusion of decisions ..."
of decisions about terminal constraints in the optimization, such as assignment of waypoints to UAVs and the assignment of spacecraft to positions in a formation. These requirements lead to non-convex constraints and difficult optimizations. However, they can be formulated as mixed-integer linear programs
The synchronization of traffic signals by mixed-integer linear programming
by John D. C. Little, Dewn Ijbrarl, John D. C. Little, Newey Libraty - Oper. Res , 1966
"... Traffic signals can be synchronized so that a car, starting at one end of a main artery and traveling at preassigned speeds, can go to the other end without stopping for a red light. The portion of a signal cycle for which this is possible is called the band-width for that direction. Ordinarily the ..."
the bandwidth in each direc-tion is single, i.e., is not split into two or more intervals within a cycle. For this case we formulate the arterial problem as a mixed-integer linear program: Given (1) an arbitrary number of signals, (2) the fraction of the cycle that is red at each signal, (3) upper and lower
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Robert P. Madison, FAIA, Architectural Pioneer, Mentor and Arts Patron
2000 SPECIAL CITATION FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE TO THE ARTS
Robert P. Madison’s long career as an architect has been distinguished not only by the important buildings he has designed here and abroad, but by the role he has played as a mentor and nurturer of talent and as a creator of opportunities for others. Since Robert P. Madison International was founded in the mid-1950s, it has trained some 190 African-American architects and engineers, many of whom have gone on to do distinguished work, and spawned at least five other black architectural firms.
The first African-American graduate in architecture in Ohio, Madison himself embarked on the profession at a time when far fewer opportunities existed. Indeed, the World War II veteran, who had earned a Purple Heart in the service of his country, was told, on applying to Western Reserve University in 1946, that “no colored person had ever graduated from that school.” He was finally admitted, on the strength of his work, and later earned a graduate degree from Harvard University, won an honorable mention in the prestigious Prix de Rome Architecture Competition and went to Paris as a Fulbright Scholar.
After winning commissions from the governments of Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Nigeria, and the United Arab Emirates, he was also to design the U.S. Embassy office building and staff residences in Dakar, Senegal, as well as buildings closer to home, such as the Tuskegee Institute’s Engineering and Nuclear Facility. And he made up his mind early to do something else: He would provide a training ground for other aspiring African-American architects and engineers.
And what a classroom it has been. Known for its expertise in urban design, Robert P. Madison International has had a hand in practically every major downtown building project in the 1990s—from Cleveland Browns Stadium and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum to the Louis Stokes Wing of the Cleveland Public Library. Madison and his protegees have served as principal architects on Continental Airlines Concourses C and D at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, the Arena at Gateway, Great Lakes Science Center, the crisply conceived and engaging stations of the RTA’s Waterfront Line and the Langston Hughes Branch of the Cleveland Public Library, which Plain Dealer art and architecture critic Steven Litt has called “one of the best small new buildings in the city . . . a bright, welcoming building that makes a big impact on its surroundings despite its relatively diminutive scale” because of its “commanding pose” and “optimism about the future.”
A passionate patron of the arts, Bob Madison has served as a trustee of the Cleveland Orchestra and Cleveland Opera, of which he is a major financial supporter. He is a former trustee of Case Western Reserve University, which has bestowed upon him its distinguished alumnus award. At the time he received the Special Citation, Madison personally sponsored WCLV-FM’s “The Black Arts,” whose commercial spots—about black history, culture, and accomplishments—he wrote himself. He went on to serve as chairperson of the Cleveland Arts Prize.
Cleveland Arts Prize
P.O. Box 21126 • Cleveland, OH 44121 • 440-523-9889 • info@clevelandartsprize.org
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Morris Park community says pollution project is taking too long
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:44 PM EST
The Department of Environmental Protection is working on completing construction in Morris Park, but neighbors are unhappy they're behind schedule.
The DEP promised a cleaner Westchester Creek as part of the project to upgrade sewers structures and water equipment. They say the changes will reduce pollution by 400 million gallons.
But neighbors are growing tired with the traffic and bad road conditions the project has caused . A representative with Community Board 11 says he is happy for what the project is doing, but is disappointed in how long it is taking.
"Morris Park Avenue, they're looking at completing up by August. And then (another) by the end of the year. Originally the whole thing was supposed to be done by the end of 2018. So it's basically a year longer than expected," says Jeremy Warneke, of Community Board 11.
Warneke says the construction is taking up two driving lanes and a parking spot, making Eastchester Road one lane.
The DEP says they are working with the Department of Transportation to monitor the project and keep the road safe. They say the project should be finished by the fall.
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Home » AFI to honor Herskovitz
AFI to honor Herskovitz
Chang, Justin
Daily Variety;6/6/2006, Vol. 291 Issue 46, p2
The article reports on the presentation of the American Film Institute's (AFI) Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal to Producers Guild of America President Marshall Herskovitz. The motion picture producer is a 1975 graduate of the AFI Conservatory. He teamed up with Edward Zwick to create "Legends of the Fall," "Traffic," and "I Am Sam" among other films.
Hold the bailout as movie biz defies odds. McNary, Dave // Daily Variety;1/22/2009, Vol. 302 Issue 15, pA1
The article offers information on the Producers Guild of America Inc. (PGA) in the U.S. The author explains that PGA now has 4,000 members and is working on achieving its core missions. PGA's missions include advancing and protecting the status of the producer as a key arbiter on producer...
EDWARD ZWICK & MARSHALL HERSKOVITZ. // Daily Variety;2/17/2012, Vol. 314 Issue 35, p20
The article announces that film and television director and producers Edward Zwick and Marshall Herskovitz are the winners of the WGA's Paddy Chayefsky Laurel Award for Television.
Herskovitz draws nod. McCarthy, Libby // Daily Variety;11/16/2007, Vol. 297 Issue 35, p24
The article reports that Marshall Herskovitz has been selected to receive the Silver Anniversary New Vision Award from the Caucus for Television Producers, Writers and Directors. Herskovitz will be honored at the organization's annual gala that will be held at the Beverly Hills Hotel in Los...
Industry champ noms. // Onfilm;Nov2005, Vol. 22 Issue 11, p17
The article presents information on the nominees for the 7th annual Screen Producers and Directors Association of New Zealand/Onfilm Industry Champion Award on November 18, 2005. The benefit of motion picture producers from the competition is elaborated. The achievements of the nominees are...
PGA gets into the 10-slot act. Zeitchik, Steven // Hollywood Reporter;9/22/2009, Vol. 411 Issue 30, p1
The article reports that the Producers Guild of America has announced that it will double the number of slots for its Producer of the Year award to 10. It is stated that this move by PGA follows the lead of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences (AMPAS). The PGA will use preferential...
IFP/NY Gotham Awards, Sept. 22. // Back Stage;8/1/2003, Vol. 44 Issue 31, p4
The Independent Film Projectâ„New York (IFPâ„NY) will hold its 13th annual Gotham Awards Gala at Chelsea Piers, New York region, on September 22, 2003. The gala, honoring those who have made a significant contribution to New York filmmaking community, will be broadcast on cable...
SPADA New Filmmaker finalists. // Onfilm;Nov2005, Vol. 22 Issue 11, p17
This article presents information on the finalists for the Screen Producers and Directors Association of New Zealand New Filmmaker of the Year Award 2005 including Edward Davis.
Ig Nobels honor unusual science. // R&D Magazine;Jan98, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p96
Presents information on the Ig Nobel Awards for 1997 which was sponsored by the Harvard University Computer Association, Cambridge, Massachusetts. What where the awards recognized achievements; Identification of the award winners; Where contest entries can be sent.
(DISABILITIES) Awards Recognize Achievement in Arts Access. // Community Health Funding Week;8/21/2009, p14
The article invites applications for the "Arts Presenters/MetLife Arts Access Award: Engaging Individuals With Disabilities," dollars 10,000 awards from the Association of Performing Arts Presenters' members.
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Behavioral and Brain Sciences
A computational perspective on ...
Gluck, Mark A. and Myers, Catherine E. 1996. Integrating behavioral and physiological models of hippocampal function. Hippocampus, Vol. 6, Issue. 6, p. 643.
September 1994 , pp. 476-477
A computational perspective on dissociating hippocampal and entorhinal function
Mark A. Gluck (a1), Catherine E. Myers (a1) and James K. Goebel (a1)
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07012; gluck@pavlov.rutgers.edu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00035457
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2010
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 1994
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Twentieth-Century Music
URL: /core/journals/twentieth-century-music
Last 3 years (14)
This page lists all time most cited articles for this title. Please use the publication date filters on the left if you would like to restrict this list to recently published content, for example to articles published in the last three years. The number of times each article was cited is displayed to the right of its title and can be clicked to access a list of all titles this article has been cited by.
Cited by 88
On Musical Mediation: Ontology, Technology and Creativity
GEORGINA BORN
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 December 2005, pp. 7-36
This article develops a theoretical analysis of music and mediation, building on the work of Theodor Adorno, Tia DeNora and Antoine Hennion. It begins by suggesting that Lydia Goehr’s account of the work concept requires such a perspective. Drawing on Alfred Gell’s anthropology of art, the article outlines an approach to mediation that incorporates understandings of music’s social, technological and temporal dimensions. It suggests that music’s mediations have taken a number of historical forms, which cohere into assemblages, and that we should be alert to shifts in the dominant forms of musical assemblage. In the latter part of the article, these tools are used to conceptualize changing forms of musical creativity that emerged over the twentieth century. A comparison is made between the work concept and jazz and improvised electronic musics. Three contemporary digital music experiments are discussed in detail, demonstrating the concepts of the provisional work and of social, distributed and relayed creativity. Throughout, key motifs are mediation, creativity, and the negotiation of difference.
Actor-Networks in Music History: Clarifications and Critiques
BENJAMIN PIEKUT
This article offers clarifications and critiques of actor-network theory and its usefulness for music historiography. Reviewing the work of ANT theorists Bruno Latour, Annemarie Mol, and other social theorists (such as Georgina Born and Anna Tsing), the author explains that ANT is a methodology, not a theory. As a general introduction, the author outlines ANT's methodological presuppositions about human and non-human agency, action, ontology, and performance. He then examines how these methodological principles affect three concerns of music-historical interest: influence, genre, and context. In conclusion, he addresses problems related to temporality, critique, and reflexivity. He draws on music-historical examples after 1960: John Cage, the Jazz Composer's Guild, Henry Cow, Iggy Pop, and the Velvet Underground.
(Ac)cumulative Form in Pop-Rock Music
MARK SPICER
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2004, pp. 29-64
This article examines a variety of compositional procedures that give rise to what the author defines as ‘accumulative’ and ‘cumulative’ forms in pop-rock music, formal processes which are directly linked to the rapid advances in recording technology that occurred mainly from the late 1960s to the 1980s. The article includes detailed transcriptions and analyses of pop-rock music across a wide range of styles and genres, from progressive rock to post-punk to techno.
Music Technology, Gender, and Class: Digitization, Educational and Social Change in Britain
GEORGINA BORN, KYLE DEVINE
Music technology undergraduate degree programmes are a relatively new phenomenon in British higher education, situated at the intersection of music, digital technologies, and sound art. Such degrees have exploded in popularity over the past fifteen years. Yet the social and cultural ramifications of this development have not yet been analysed. In looking comparatively at the demographics of both traditional music and music technology degrees, we highlight a striking bifurcation: traditional music degrees draw students with higher social class profiles than the British national averages, while their gender profile matches the wider student population; music technology degrees, by contrast, are overwhelmingly male and lower in terms of social class profile. We set these findings into analytical dialogue with wider historical processes, offering divergent interpretations of our findings in relation to a series of musical, technological, educational, social, political, and cultural-institutional developments in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. We ask what such developments bode for future relations between music, gender, and class in the UK.
Would You Like Some World Music with your Latte? Starbucks, Putumayo, and Distributed Tourism
ANAHID KASSABIAN
Through an examination of the labels Hear Music and Putumayo and their place in coffee shops and retail stores on the one hand, and of world music scholarship on the other, I argue that listening to world music in public spaces demands new theoretical perspectives. The kinds of tourism that take place in listening to world music inattentively suggest a kind of bi-location. Borrowing from quantum mechanics, I suggest that the term ‘entanglement’ might offer some insight into this bi-location and the ‘distributed tourism’ that I argue is taking place.
The Social Liminality of Musicians: Case Studies from Mughal India and Beyond
KATHERINE BUTLER BROWN
This paper offers a new, cross-cultural paradigm for understanding the location of professional musicians in modern social hierarchies. Basing my argument on Victor Turner’s theories of liminality and on primary-source research on North Indian musicians in the Mughal empire (c. 1658–1858), I maintain that professional musicians in most, if not all, societies possess institutionally liminal status. Although the occupation of ‘musician’ is relatively low, being essentially both service profession and cultural labour, the cultural capital that accrues to the product of their labour – their music – enables musicians to cross over into higher-status spaces, to mingle on more equal terms with their patrons, and, in the moment of performance, to exercise power over them. While this may offer opportunities of permanent social elevation for the best performers, in many societies patrons may apply subtle social sanctions to those who attempt to overstep the boundaries, in order to keep musicians in their place. While this hypothesis has clear resonances with Merriam’s famous tripartite formulation of low status/high importance/tolerance of ‘deviance’, institutional liminality also makes sense of the puzzling exceptions to his rule.
György Ligeti and the Rhetoric of Autonomy
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2004, pp. 5-28
Composers’ self-representations – in articles, programme notes, and interviews – have exerted a significant influence on twentieth-century music scholarship, shaping not only the reception of particular outputs but also wider historiographical conceptions of the recent past. This article traces one particular mode of discourse through the published statements of György Ligeti – a ‘rhetoric of autonomy’, which tends to disavow allegiances to ‘schools’ or institutions and underplay stylistic or aesthetic commonalities with the work of other composers. This type of rhetoric, together with the image it promotes of an artistic culture created out of the polarized activities of individuals, colludes naturally with the now familiar pluralist paradigm of late-twentieth-century culture, a paradigm that much postmodern theory, despite its putative deconstruction of the ‘ideology of the unique self’ (Jameson), has left largely unchallenged. Except that, for an artist such as Ligeti, the rhetoric of autonomy may no longer accomplish its objective purpose. Within a cultural sphere increasingly subsumed by the commercial, the image of the radically autonomous creator, once powerfully symbolic of a refusal of the mass market, becomes inescapably caught up in its mechanisms as an explicitly promotional tool.
The Impact of Recording on Listening
ERIC F. CLARKE
The development of recording is arguably the most significant change to have affected music in the twentieth century. Never before have people had access to so much music and in so many different ways and with so many different patterns of use. This paper examines some of the effects of recording on listening, starting with a brief outline of an ecological theory of listening and focusing on three specific characteristics of recordings: the interpenetration of music and the wider environment; recordings as medium and as object; and the relationship between social and solitary listening practices. Recording has attracted both utopian and dystopian commentaries on its effects on musical culture, and the paper concludes by considering both the opportunities and the drawbacks of recordings as a means of access to music.
‘Recercar’ – The Collaborative Process as Invention
FABRICE FITCH, NEIL HEYDE
This article explores the notion of artistic collaboration between performer and composer, a topic that has attracted some attention but whose methodology might be thought to preclude objective discussion by the participants themselves. Although our report can make no claims to objectivity either, it attempts a critical reflection on a specific collaboration between the two authors as composer and performer, respectively. Cast in a dialogical format, it traces the genesis of a composition by Fabrice Fitch for speaking cellist, Per Serafino Calbarsi II: Le Songe de Panurge, written in 2002–3 and premiered in London in October 2006. The collaboration first evolved as a constant exchange of ideas in which concept, technique, and realization were held in fine balance. The piece engages a variety of frames of reference. If its stance in relation to the instrument clearly draws on certain contemporary traditions, for example Lachenmann’s musiqueconcrète instrumentale, other aspects draw on earlier idioms, notably a specialized instance of scordatura, and the use of a spoken text (from the third book of Rabelais’s Pantagruel) that recalls Marin Marais’s Tableau de l’opération de la taille. The interferences and resonances between these influences pose aesthetic questions that are explored within the piece and its performance, while remaining open for the analyst and audience. Finally, the ‘extended techniques’ employed posed specific notational problems. The resulting score navigates a path between tablature and ‘traditional’ notation, in which the emphasis between what is heard and what is played shifts constantly. This hybrid status, we imagine, constitutes a challenge not only for the performer, but for the analyst as well.
In the Loop: Creativity and Constraint in 8-bit Video Game Audio
This article explores the sound capabilities of video game consoles of the 8-bit era (c.1975–85) in order to discuss the impact that technological constraints had on shaping aesthetic decisions in the composition of music for the early generation of games. Comparing examples from the Commodore 64 (C64), the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), the Atari VCS, and the arcade consoles, I examine various approaches and responses (in particular the use of looping) to similar technological problems, and illustrate how these responses are as much a decision made by the composer as a matter of technical necessity.
Performing Spaces: Street Music and Public Territory
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2007, pp. 97-120
The interaction between ‘marginal’ music performance (whether socially or musically marginal, e.g. busking, ambient music, etc.) and ‘liminal’ spaces is at first sight a characteristically twentieth-century phenomenon. However, performance history as revealed not only through historical scholarship but through contemporary anecdotal or fictional writings can contextualize these current uses of music in negotiating public space, while revealing some of our assumptions about performance in general. I argue that much of liminal performance is concerned with the appropriation and retention of spaces in which to perform, and that this is no new thing but was, until relatively recently, the norm. I look at some aspects of performance history in the light of contemporary thinking about liminality, and consider how buskers, particularly in Bath (where I lived for several years) contend for temporary possession of public space as a prerequisite of their performances. I conclude by suggesting that the defining of liminal space might be usefully extended, in thinking about street performance, into the notion of ‘liminal spacetime’.
The Establishment of the Virtual Performance Space in Rock
ALLAN F. MOORE, RUTH DOCKWRAY
Analysis of the spatial elements of popular music recordings can be made by way of the ‘sound-box’, a concept that acknowledges the way sound sources are perceived to exist in four dimensions: laterality, register, prominence, and temporal continuity. By late 1972 producers working across a range of styles and in different geographical locations had adopted a normative positioning of sound sources across these dimensions. In 1965 no such norm existed. This article contextualizes the notion of the sound-box within academic discourse on popular music and explores the methodology employed by a research project that addressed the gradual coming-into-existence of the norm, which the project defined as the diagonal mix. A taxonomy of types of mix is offered, and a chronology of the adoption of the diagonal mix in rock is presented.
Jammin' an Ending: Creativity, Knowledge, and Conduct among Jazz Musicians
MARK DOFFMAN
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 July 2012, pp. 203-225
Research into musical creativity has hitherto involved highly disparate approaches and has taken place largely at the level of the individual. As a result, creativity has tended to be interpreted in terms of either expressive behaviour(s) in performance or ineffable innovation. In the meantime, however, a tranche of interdisciplinary research has moved towards a more collaborative understanding of creativity. With reference to that research, this article analyses the performance of a jazz standard played at a jam session in London. In exploring this unplanned moment of collaborative creativity, the study looks at the relationship between the mundane shaping of an ending and its occurrence within a cultural tradition that demands inventiveness on the part of performers. From an examination of the different sets of cultural knowledge on which musicians draw and an analysis of the momentary interactive conduct of the performers we obtain a view of creativity as an emergent amalgam – a shifting blend of knowledge and conduct that works to bring a song to a close.
A Hermeneutics of Spatialization for Recorded Song
ALLAN F. MOORE, PATRICIA SCHMIDT, RUTH DOCKWRAY
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 January 2011, pp. 83-114
This article is one of a series exploring the spatialization of sound sources in recorded songs and how they may be understood (see also ‘The Virtual Performance Space in Rock’, twentieth-century music 5/2). Its theoretical basis is multi-faceted, utilizing notions of ecological perception, of the sound-box, of the singer's persona, and of interpersonal distance in communication, as well as further concepts from cognitive science. It focuses particularly on image schemata and proxemics, exemplifying them across a range of genres, while also addressing them critically, for instance from a feminist perspective. Finally, it explores how this theoretical basis helps us not only to understand the contribution of spatialization to the interpretation of songs and their meanings, but also to shed light on the role of other musical domains.
Elvis and Darmstadt, or: Twentieth-Century Music and the Politics of Cultural Pluralism
DAVID CLARKE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2007, pp. 3-45
[PART 1] Contemporary musical production and consumption have become increasingly pluralist, seemingly bearing out postmodernist accounts of the eroding distinction between ‘high’ and ‘low’ cultures. Accordingly, accounts of twentieth-century music ought to be able to narrate these different musical spheres – emblematized by the phenomena of Elvis and Darmstadt – together. While such gestures are not altogether absent from some recent histories of twentieth-century music, the results suggest that a more developed theorization of cultural pluralism is needed, one that also has a political dimension. Liberalism is one polity that espouses cultural pluralism and value pluralism, ideas that are not entirely separable from postmodernist relativism. Both epistemes are limited, however, by a disinclination towards dialectical thought and by the absence of ideology critique. [PART 2] Theoretical concepts from Slavoj Žižek (influenced by Lacanian psychoanalysis, and Laclau and Mouffe’s ideas of radical democracy) hold the potential for a post-Marxian model of ideology critique that might galvanize approaches to musical pluralism. Such an application could be relevant to various kinds of music, without giving a priori preference to one musical style over another – as was the case with Adorno. That said, these ideas have significant resonances with Adorno’s negative dialectics, and are valuable in developing a form of strong relativism that could dialecticize a dialogical approach to musical pluralism. This suggests the possilbity of construing pluralism not as the achievement of stasis (or ‘the end of history’), but as a means of effecting social and historical movement beyond the present cultural paradigm.
Hidden Places: Hyper-realism in Björk’s Vespertine and Dancer in the Dark
DANIEL M. GRIMLEY
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 December 2005, pp. 37-51
Björk’s collaboration with the director Lars von Trier on the film Dancer in the Dark was marked by well-publicized personal and aesthetic differences. Their work nevertheless shares an intense preoccupation with the nature and quality of sound. Björk’s soundtrack systematically explores the boundaries between music and noise, and the title of von Trier’s film itself presupposes a heightened attention to aural detail. This paper proposes a theoretical context for understanding Björk’s music in the light of her work with von Trier. Whereas Björk’s soundtrack responds to the visual and narrative stimuli of von Trier’s film, the use of sound in her album Vespertine thematicizes more familiar Björk subjects: the relationship between music, landscape and the natural world, and Björk’s own (constructed) sense of Nordic musical identity. By placing Vespertine alongside Björk’s music for Dancer in the Dark, the sense of ‘hyperreality’ that defines both also emerges as a primary characteristic of her work.
The Emergence of Timbre: Ligeti's Synthesis of Electronic and Acoustic Music in Atmosphères
JENNIFER IVERSON
In 1957, soon after his emigration from Hungary, György Ligeti began an internship at the electronic music studio of Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne. The three electronic works Ligeti produced there constitute a small portion of his oeuvre, but it is commonly acknowledged that his experiences in the studio were crucial for his stylistic development. This article makes specific analytical connections between the techniques of elektronische Musik that Ligeti encountered at the WDR and his sound-mass techniques in acoustic composition. The discourses in circulation in the electronic studio of the 1950s – especially as articulated by Karlheinz Stockhausen, Karel Goeyvaerts, and Gottfried Michael Koenig – reveal a collective obsession with gaining compositional control over timbre. By internalizing and reusing mainstream elektronische Musik techniques such as additive synthesis, filtering, and Bewegungsfarbe in an acoustic form, Ligeti brought timbre forward as the central compositional problem in the acoustic work Atmosphères.
Introduction: Liminality and the Social Location of Musicians
Liminality seems to have become something of a buzzword. Typing ‘liminal OR liminality’ into Google™ produces one and a quarter million hits. That this should be so is not altogether surprising, for the liminal state has much in common with the postmodern age, as scholars as diverse as Homi Bhabha and Sharon Zukin have argued: the blurring and crossing of thresholds and boundaries; the breakdown of historically fixed categories; the exposure of ambiguities; the fluidity and hybridity of identities; play and absurdity; and uncertainty. Indeed, Bhabha has gone so far as to suggest that liminality is the hallmark of postmodernity, that the postmodern age is itself liminal, existing between a dead modernity and a future not yet known.
Darmstadt as Other: British and American Responses to Musical Modernism
BJÖRN HEILE
There is currently a backlash against modernism in English-language music studies. While this vogue of ‘modernism bashing’ is ostensibly based on progressive ideologies, it is dependent on a one-sided perception of musical modernism which it shares with earlier conservative disparagements. Of central importance in this respect is the ‘othering’ of musical modernism as an essentially continental European phenomenon in the ‘Anglosphere’, where it is consistently suspected of being a ‘foreign import’ – by conservative commentators in the first part of the twentieth century, just as by their ‘new-musicological’ successors at the turn of the twenty-first.
The example of the Anglo-American reception of the so-called Darmstadt school, usually regarded as quintessentially modernist, demonstrates how certain partial understandings and downright prejudices are handed down. For instance, the critical commonplace of Darmstadt’s presumed obsession with such values as technical innovation, structural coherence, and a scientistic rationalization of composition says more about those who coined it – mostly American critics who were uncomfortable with the aesthetic as well as the political radicalism of Darmstadt – than about the music itself. It is often precisely this depoliticized, sanitized construction of modernism that present-day critics have attacked, apparently unaware that this has always been a misrepresentation. By thus tracing some common misapprehensions in the Anglo-American reception of musical modernism, I want to argue for a fuller recognition of modernism’s essentially dialectical nature.
Composing Individuals: Ethnographic Reflections on Success and Prestige in the British New Music Network
HETTIE MALCOMSON
In contrast to established musicians, lesser-known composers have received scant attention in art music scholarship. This article, based on an ethnographic study, considers how a group of British composers construed ideas of success and prestige, which I analyse in terms of anthropological writings on exchange, Bourdieusian symbolic economies, and Foucauldian notions of disciplinary power. Prestige was ascribed to composers who created ‘interesting’ music, a category that eclipsed novelty as an aim. Individuality, enacted within a context of individualism, was key to assessing whether music was interesting. This individuality had to be tempered, structured, and embedded in the social norms of this and related ‘art worlds’. The article examines the social processes involved in creating this individuality, musical personality, and music considered interesting.
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You are here: CollectionsOnline / St Huges denouncing Vengeance on the Shepherd of Cormayer, in the Valley of d’Aoust
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Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 - 1851)
St Huges denouncing Vengeance on the Shepherd of Cormayer, in the Valley of d’Aoust
Watercolour on paper
Width: 100.9cm
Inscription: Signed at lower right corner: J.M.W. Turner and also in monogram.
Museum number: P108
Curatorial note
In 1802 Turner took advantage of the Peace of Amiens to make a visit to Paris and then travel on to Switzerland and make a tour of the Alps. This took him over the Col du Bonhomme and the Col de la Seigne to Courmayeur in the Aosta Valley and back across the Great St. Bernard Pass to Martigny.1 On his return to London he lost no time in using his continental sketches to produce new large-scale works. This striking watercolour was one of two which were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803 along with a number of oil paintings – the first fruits of Turner’s tour.2 It is a spectacular work, demonstrating to the full Turner’s virtuosity as a watercolorist. The scene is set in the Val d’Aosta, looking towards the town of Courmayeur, in the midst of a storm in which the mist lifts and the dark sky clears to reveal the dramatic outline of Mont Blanc. The subject itself is mysterious. St. Hugues (1053-1132) was the Bishop of Grenoble and a co-founder of the Carthusian Order. He gave land to St. Bruno for the abbey of the Grande-Chartreuse and is particularly famed for rigorously stamping out abuses in the Church and laity. This scene may relate to such an occasion or may be a misunderstanding of another local legend.3 The incident described in Turner’s title does not appear in the records of the life of St. Hugues and Courmayeur is some distance from where he was based.
This watercolour remained unsold after the RA exhibition of 1803 and was displayed again in the first exhibition in Turner’s own new private Gallery in 1804. David Blayney Brown has speculated that the creation of this Gallery, in Queen Anne Street, Westminster, may have been partly inspired by a desire to create the best possible display conditions for the grand finished watercolours he planned to produce from his Alpine studies.4 Soane played some, as yet unknown, role in relation to the Queen Anne Street premises in 1803 (see Helen Dorey, John Soane and JMW Turner: Illuminating a Friendship, 2007) and it was from the exhibition at the Gallery that Mrs. Soane purchased this drawing for £52.10s on 3 May 1804, a remarkable sum for a watercolour. Perhaps she felt that her husband, who had himself travelled through the Alps in 1780 (although not to Courmayeur) and been much struck by their grandeur, would particularly value this work.5 Turner himself may have urged her to buy it in his enthusiasm for the dramatic landscape around Courmayeur, which so impressed him that he revisited it in 1836 at the age of sixty-one.
This picture seems to be a rare example of a Turner watercolour which retains its original ‘close’ concave frame, ornamented with acanthus leaves and egg and dart.6 The use of a ‘close’ gilt frame elevates the watercolour to the status of an oil painting – a technique Soane used himself for his exhibition watercolours. A writer in The Builder in 1857 noted that ‘Turner always contemplated the union of the gold of his colour with the gold of his frame…he..used to urge the hanging of frames containing his drawings in groups, without intervals between the frames, so that nothing but gold might be seen in connection with the drawings’.7 The picture survived a proposal in the 1880s to provide it with a card mount and simpler frame and the original frame has recently been restored. Since 1999 St Huges denouncing the Shepherd of Cormayer has hung once again in the Picture Room Recess at 13 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, in the place of honour Soane chose for it on completion of his new gallery in 1824-25. As the south planes of the famous Picture Room are opened it is dramatically revealed at the heart of an arrangement that associates Turner with Watteau (L’Accordée du Village Soane P111 hangs immediately to its right) and surrounds his sublime atmospheric Alpine scenery with views of the ruined monuments of Rome and grand watercolours of Soane’s own architectural schemes.
1 For a full description of Turner’s tour of the Alps see David Hill, Turner in the Alps: The Journey through France and Switzerland in 1802, George Philip, 1992 and David Blayney Brown, Turner and the Alps 1802, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, 1998.
2 The other watercolour exhibited in 1803 was Glacier and source of the Arveron, going up to the Mer de Glace (Yale Center for British Art).
3 T.S.R. Boase in ‘English Artists and the Val D’Aosta’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. XIX, Nos. 3-4, 1956, points out that the tale of the Blessed Vuillerm de Léaval, Curé of Morgex, a neighbouring village to Courmayeur, in the sixth century, who converted the peasants by miraculously converting the waters of a fountain into wine. This episode seems to fit the incident Turner depicts.
4 David Blayney Brown, op cit.
5 Soane seems to have shared Turner’s appreciation of the sublime qualities of the Alps, noting in his travel diary the drama of the pine forests and torrents tumbling over immense mountains and the view of ‘black gloomy summits’ covered in ‘perpetual snow’. See Sir John Soane’s Architectural Education 1755-80, Pierre de la Ruffiniere du Prey, Garland Publishing, 1977, Chapter VIII.
6 See the entry on Frames in The Oxford Companion to JMW Turner, ed. Evelyn Joll, Martin Butlin and Luke Herrmann, OUP, 2001. The assumption that this was the frame on this watercolour when it hung in Turner's Gallery has recently been challenged (2015) by the discovery that it is identical to the frame on a watercolour of Soane's design for his wife's tomb, Soane P201, which hangs in the Breakfast Room at 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields.
7 Gage, 1969, p.163 quoted in Paul Mitchell and Lynn Roberts ‘’Notes of Turner’s Picture Frames’, Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1998, pp.324-333.
[This entry is a revised version of the one written for the exhibition John Soane and JMW Turner: Illuminating a Friendship, Sir John Soane's Museum, 2007]
Soane and Turner: Illuminating a Friendship, Sir John Soane's Museum, London, 26 January - 5 May 2007
Turner in the Alps 1802, Tate Britain, London, 24 November 1998 - 14 February 1999; Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, 6 March - 6 June 1999
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All profits made through our picture library and print on demand partners help support the continued work conducted by the Museum.
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P & T Architects and Engineers Ltd
P & T Architects and Engineers Ltd (architect). There is information in Classora Knowledge Base about 1 rankings, reports and surveys. (edit this text)
P & T Architects and Engineers Ltd (architect). There is information in Classora Knowledge Base about 1 rankings, reports and surveys.
Name: P & T Architects and Engineers Ltd
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Encyclopedic News
News from multiple sources
Ireland issues warning to the UK about post-Brexit talks
Brussels will not be rushed into reaching a Brexit deal just because the UK has outlawed the extension of talks, Ireland’s deputy prime minister has warned.
Simon Coveney said the EU feels the end of 2020 deadline set by Boris Johnson is “ambitious, if not unrealistic”.
The foreign minister believes it will take longer than 12 months to hammer out an agreement on the future post-Brexit relationship, pointing out it is more wide-ranging than trade alone, taking in other areas such as aviation, fishing and data.
Image: Irish leader Leo Varadkar has decided the date of his country’s general election
The UK has opted to leave the EU and the “collective shelter” it offers, he said – adding that there is “no way” the UK can maintain existing ties.
His comments came as Irish leader Leo Varadkar revealed he had made a decision on the date of his country’s general election, but outstanding business means he cannot yet announce it.
There is mounting speculation Ireland will go to the polls in February.
Speaking on the BBC’s Andrew Marr Show, Mr Coveney said: “I know that Prime Minister Johnson has set a very ambitious timetable to get this done.
More from Brexit
“He has even put it into British law, but just because a British parliament decides that British laws say something, doesn’t mean that that law applies to the other 27 countries of the European Union.
“The European Union will approach this on the basis of getting the best deal possible – a fair and balanced deal to ensure the EU and the UK can interact as friends in the future.
“But the EU will not be rushed on this just because Britain passes law.”
Mr Coveney also warned it would not be possible to keep the status quo.
“Maybe the penny is finally dropping that when you leave a union that you have been a part of for 45 years that things don’t remain the same and that is inconvenient and it has consequences for the UK,” he said.
“The UK has decided to move in a different direction, no longer as part of the European Union and the collective shelter of that and opportunity that comes with that.
“That is why, from an Irish perspective, we want in all of these areas, whether it is financial services, whether it is agri-food, whether it’s fishing, whether it’s security, whether it’s preventing the new trade relationship resulting in barriers to trade through quotas or tariffs, we want the closest possible relations we can have.
“[There’s] no way of the UK in this negotiation maintaining the relationship we have today while outside of the European Union, and that’s the reality of Brexit I’m afraid.”
Former international trade secretary Dr Liam Fox said on Sky News that doing a deal with the EU before the end of the year was “achievable”, although it would not involve “frictionless” access to the EU market.
Image: Dr Liam Fox believes reaching a deal before the end of the year is ‘achievable’
:: Listen to the Sophy Ridge on Sunday podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Spreaker
Dr Fox told Sophy Ridge On Sunday: “It’s achievable. The questions are not going to lie around issues of tariffs or quotas which you would normally get in a trade negotiation, that’s normally what takes up a lot of time.
“It will really be around the regulatory issues. It will be about access to the single market.
“What’s clear is that we will be outside the single market therefore you can’t have what is called frictionless trade. There will be some friction in that.”
Brussels will not be rushed into reaching a Brexit deal just because the UK has outlawed the extension of talks, Ireland’s deputy prime minister has warned. Simon Coveney said the EU feels the end of 2020 deadline set by Boris Johnson is “ambitious, if not unrealistic”.
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About UsContactCollaboration
englishрусская
Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation
Competitions and Festivals
In Russia
Welcome to the Musicland
Children's songs from all over the world
Children's stories and poems about music
The ХI International Festival “Europe – Asia”
Interview with Roman Karabatov, the artistic director of the ensemble of ancient music "Choral"
The opening ceremony of the festival UNIFEST-2013" and XVII Kazan choral Assembly took place at February 26 at State Big Concert Hall named after S. Saidashev.
Opera singer, master of Bel Canto is coming to Kazan International Festival "Europe-Asia"
The opera singer and People's Artist of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan who has a great lyric-coloratura soprano with a full range, master of Bel Canto, is coming to Kazan International Festival "Europe-Asia"
Conductor Marius Stravinsky celebrates birthday
Marius Stravinsky was born on March 13, 1979 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. At six, he entered the Central Music School of the Moscow Conservatory, Tchaikovsky. At ten continued his studies at the Yehudi Menuhin School (UK), and three years later became the first student from the former USSSR, at the music faculty of Eton.
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ASIANOW
Headline News brief
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CNN programs
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Today's Events | On Horizon | On This Day | Newslink | Notable | Almanac archive
We'll have no comment on any of these rumors.
-- Jim Kennedy, a spokesman for the White House counsel's office
U.S. President Bill Clinton is scheduled to be in East Hampton, New York, for DNC fund-raising events.
Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat is scheduled to make a one-day visit to Turkey in an attempt to obtain Ankara's support in getting the stalled Middle East peace process moving.
Funeral services for Capitol Police officer Jacob Chestnut killed in the U.S. Capitol building shootings are scheduled to be held in Fort Washington, Maryland.
On Saturday, August 1, a memorial service for Alan Shepard, the first American in space, is scheduled at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
On Sunday, August 2, the 1998 National Urban League's annual conference is scheduled to begin in Philadelphia.
On Monday, August 3, a ceremony officially dedicating a postage stamp honoring film director Alfred Hitchcock is scheduled in Los Angeles.
On Tuesday, August 4, Christie's auction house begins displaying legendary baseball player "Shoeless" Joe Jackson's personal belongings in Chicago. The items will be auctioned off in New York in November.
On Wednesday, August 5, the 27th annual convention of the Tuskegee Airmen is scheduled to begin in Washington. This year's gathering marks 50th anniversary of the Truman executive order paving the way to desegregation in the military.
NEWSLINK: NOTABLE:
The two officers killed in the U.S. Capitol shootings will be buried this week in Arlington National Cemetery. To learn more about this historical site, click here.
Today is Somers Day in Bermuda.
It's Saint Ignatius Loyola's Day in Spain.
Economist Milton Friedman is 86.
Actor Don Murray ("Knots Landing") is 69.
Actress France Nuyen ("The Joy Luck Club") is 59.
Actress Susan Flannery ("Bold and the Beautiful") is 55.
Actress Geraldine Chaplin ("Chaplin") is 54.
Actor Barry Van Dyke ("Diagnosis Murder") is 47.
Actor Michael Biehn ("Dead Men Can't Dance") is 42.
Actor Wesley Snipes ("Murder at 1600") is 36.
Actor Dean Cain ("Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman") is 32.
Actor Loren Dean ("Rosewood") is 29.
In 1498, Christopher Columbus, on his third voyage to the New World, discovered an island which he named Trinidad.
In 1602, Charles, Duc de Biron, was executed for conspiring against Henri IV of France.
In 1812, a year after declaring independence, Venezuela fell to the Spanish and its leader Francisco de Miranda was arrested.
In 1919, the Weimar Constitution was adopted in post-war Germany, establishing a republic. Parliament, which kept the old name of Reichstag, moved to Weimar to avoid association with the Kaiser.
In 1926, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a mutual non-aggression pact.
In 1941, Hermann Goering gave a written directive to police chief Reinhard Heydrich to draft a plan for the elimination of the Jewish people, the Final Solution.
In 1945, Pierre Laval, prime minister of Vichy France, was captured by the allies in Austria after trying to flee around Europe.
In 1954, Mount Godwin-Austen (K2) in the Himalayas was first climbed by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio.
In 1962, an agreement was reached in principle to expand the Malaya Federation into a larger state called Malaysia.
In 1964, the U.S. lunar probe Ranger 7 transmitted the first close-up photographs of the moon back to Earth.
In 1969, Pope Paul VI visited Uganda, the first time a pontiff had visited Africa.
In 1971, on the second day of their moon landing, Apollo 15 astronauts David Scott and James Irwin went for the first ever drive on the moon in their Lunar Roving Vehicle or "moon buggy."
In 1975, former U.S. Teamsters Union President James Hoffa was reported missing. It was believed he had been abducted the previous day and subsequently murdered. He was declared "presumed dead" on December 8, 1982.
In 1994, the U.N. Security Council authorized the use of force in Haiti, clearing the way for a U.S.-led invasion of the country to restore exiled Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power.
In 1995, in a move that took both Hollywood and Wall Street by surprise, the Walt Disney Co. said it would pay $19 billion for Capital Cities/ABC Inc., creating a new leviathan in the entertainment and media industry.
In 1996, a group of African leaders agreed to impose full economic sanctions on Burundi after a Tutsi military coup.
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NBA Game Recap
Home | Scoreboard | Stats | Standings | Teams | Players | Player News | Injuries | Transactions | Live Odds
LA Lakers 30 21 37 25 113
Miami 29 30 26 25 110
4:00 PM PT5:00 PM MT6:00 PM CT7:00 PM ET0:00 GMT8:00 5:00 PM MST7:00 PM EST4:00 UAE (+1)01:0019:00 ET6:00 PM CT22:00 , December 13, 2019
AmericanAirlines Arena, Miami, Florida Attendance: 20,013
Lakers snap Heat's home winning streak, top Miami 113-110
Officer suspended for video of West
(AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)
By TIM REYNOLDS
MIAMI (AP) LeBron James compared the game to a heavyweight fight.
If so, then the final punch was thrown by the Miami Heat - and it missed.
Anthony Davis scored 33 points, James had 28 while coming within a rebound of a triple-double and the Los Angeles Lakers held off the Heat 113-110 on Friday night.
"Two teams that are playing extremely well right now in this part of the season," James said. "Two teams that play physical, play together, play hard. That's why they are where they are at this point in the season and that's why we are where we are."
James had 12 assists and nine rebounds and Davis grabbed 10 rebounds. The Lakers improved to 23-3 and remained tied with Milwaukee for the NBA's best record. They also extended the second-longest road winning streak in franchise history to 13 games and rallied from a double-digit deficit to win for the eighth time already this season.
It wasn't over until the very last second - Jimmy Butler knocked over James on his way to getting free enough to take the last shot, but his 3-pointer over Davis' outstretched arm bounced off the rim.
"It's always great to go against a great competitor in our league," James said about Butler. Including playoffs, they've squared off 34 times - going 17-17.
Butler led Miami with 23 points, Derrick Jones Jr. had 17, Kendrick Nunn added 16 and Kelly Olynyk had 15 . Bam Adebayo had 12 points and 12 rebounds for Miami, which had been 11-0 at home.
"All things being equal, these are two really good teams playing back and forth," Heat coach Erik Spoelstra said. "We were able to create some separation in the first half, and then in the third quarter they were able to impose their will."
The Lakers outrebounded Miami 50-34, and the last of those was the biggest. Kentavious Caldwell-Pope missed a free throw with 8 seconds left to keep the Heat within two, but Miami couldn't get the rebound. Caldwell-Pope went back to the line with 4.2 seconds left, made one of two again and the Lakers' lead was pushed to three.
Butler took the last shot for Miami, a 3-pointer with about a second left. It hit the rim and bounced off, the Heat argued that he was fouled to no avail, and the Lakers survived in James' lone trip this season to the city where he won championships in 2012 and 2013.
"We were able to get that stop," Lakers coach Frank Vogel said.
The Lakers were down by as many as 14 in the first half. James connected on a deep 3-pointer with 8:21 left in the third to tie the game at 65-65, spinning halfway around afterward and punching himself in the chest with both fists as the Heat called time - after what had been a 10-point lead a mere 3:05 earlier was gone in a flash.
Davis hit a 3 on the next possession to put the Lakers on top, JaVale McGee threw down an alley-oop lob from James while getting fouled a few seconds later to push the lead to 71-65, and Los Angeles was suddenly in control.
The Lakers' lead got as big as 11 later in the third - a 21-point turnaround from earlier in the quarter - before Miami clawed back within three going into the fourth. But the Lakers held the lead the rest of the way.
Lakers: When Miami's Chris Silva made a pair of free throws with 4:02 left in the first half, the Lakers trailed 51-41 - the team's first double-digit deficit on the road in their last 3 hours, 43 minutes and 33 seconds of play. ... James improved to 6-13 at Miami as a visitor. He went 163-35 in home games with the Heat.
Heat: Celebrities at the matchup included Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez - both with personalized Heat "Vice" jerseys - along with Heat legend Chris Bosh, Gucci Mane and DJ Khaled. ... Not only had Miami been 11-0 at home, but the Heat also were 13-1 when leading at halftime and 14-1 in games where they had led by more than 10 points.
SPO VS. VOGEL
It was the 50th time, including playoffs, that Spoelstra and Vogel went head-to-head - the majority of those coming in the four-year span where James was in Miami and Indiana was an annual postseason problem. "It's always a chess match," Vogel said. Spoelstra leads the head-to-head, 26-24.
James is headed to Columbus, Ohio, on Saturday for a high school game like no other. It pits his alma mater, St. Vincent-St. Mary's of Akron, against Sierra Canyon - the team featuring, among others, his son Bronny and Dwyane Wade's son Zaire. James said he won't be conflicted. "I'll be cheering for my son," James said.
Lakers: At Atlanta on Sunday.
Heat: At Dallas on Saturday.
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Skip Greenlaw: School Consolidation Repeal Passes Major Milestone
SCHOOL CONSOLIDATION REPEAL PASSES MAJOR MILESTONE
Lawrence "Skip" Greenlaw
The Secretary of State announced on Monday, February 23, 2009 that they have verified 58193 signatures on a citizen initiated petition to repeal the school consolidation law. The signatures were collected by more than 200 Maine residents representing the Maine Coalition to Save Schools. The petition will be forwarded to the members of the Maine legislature for its consideration. If enacted by the legislature, the petition would repeal the controversial school consolidation law which was enacted in June 2007. The former education statutes, which were repealed by the consolidation law, would be reenacted. If the legislature does not repeal the law, the Maine electorate will have an opportunity to repeal the law in a referendum vote in 2009.
The Secretary of State's announcement provides an excellent opportunity for all Maine people to reflect on the reasons why Governor John Baldacci, Education Commissioner Susan Gendron, and a majority of the members of the previous legislature fought so ferociously to have the law enacted and why the administration continues to defend the law despite fresh evidence that this law does not generate any net cost savings for local or state budgets. The reality is that this school consolidation law will cost Maine taxpayers millions of tax dollars in future years.
Some residents of our State and some legislators question the wisdom of the June 2004 referendum vote in which 2.2% of the Maine electorate voted to have 55% of the cost of public elementary and secondary education come from state revenue sources. According to the legislative finance office, $449,000,000 was appropriated over a four year period to meet the 55% goal enacted in referendum. However, because of declining state revenues, the goal of 55% has not been achieved. As the legislature appropriated more funds to meet the referendum mandate of 55%, the stage was set for a back door approach to reduce the cost of education in Maine. Enter school consolidation. While declining enrollments in Maine schools were given as the reason for school consolidation, the law focused on combining central administrative offices all around the State from 291 to 80. Declining enrollments do not suggest that the responsibilities of superintendents have changed in any manner. The concept was fatally flawed from the beginning.
But imagine how enticing school consolidation was to some members of the legislature when Commissioner Gendron announced that the State would save $241,000,000 over a three year period if the school consolidation was passed. The commissioner has never released any information which would substantial that claim. To the contrary, Brian Hubbell of Bar Harbor on his website, http://forum.mdischools.net/state/reorg/road-to-80-districts, examines the 22 regional consolidation plans which were enacted and documents that the actual aggregate savings identified in those plans is $1,635,275 for one year or multiplied by three years is $4,905,825. In some cases, the plans did not identify increased costs which will result from collective bargaining agreements. So the actual savings could likely turn into additional cost for taxpayers as collective bargaining agreements are negotiated. The legislature was so taken by the idea of saving $241,000,000 that they appropriated $9,000,000 to pay for the cost of consolidation.
Maine people have had an opportunity to vote on school consolidation plans all across the state. 22 plans have been enacted; 24 plans have been rejected. The 24 plans represent negative votes from citizens of 210 Maine communities. It is estimated that rejection of those 24 plans will cost taxpayers of those 210 communities more than $7,000,000 in penalties in the form of reduced educational subsidy. Can it be possible that our state government will impose those penalties on 210 communities all across the state in the most difficult of economic times? The right to vote is one of the most precious freedoms, which both our federal and state constitutions guarantee. It seems so contrary to everything which we, as Americans, believe in to be penalized for voting one way or the other. The penalties will generate 4.5 times more revenue for Augusta to spend than the money which will be saved in the communities which enacted school consolidation plans. According to current law, those penalties will be assessed every year that communities do not enact a school consolidation plan. How can anyone in Augusta continue to defend that this law will save taxpayers any money?
Is there a role for consolidating some existing school districts in Maine? Certainly!!!!! However, this law should have made school consolidation voluntary, not mandatory. Augusta simply doesn't understand that "one size doesn't fit all". What works in one community does not necessarily work in another. How many times do we have to learn this lesson in Maine? Consolidation makes sense for some communities where real economic savings can be realized without jeopardizing the quality of education for our students. Our beloved state is in a terrible financial situation. The reality of the times demands all of us to find ways in which we can reduce educational expenses while at the same time trying to maintain the quality of education, which our students require to compete in the world economy.
We have worked with the school consolidation law for one and a half years trying to find ways to reduce educational expenses. The anticipated cost savings of $241,000,000 over a three year period are not achievable, and an argument can be made that the implementation of the law will cost more than it will save. The imposition of $7,000,000 in reduced subsidies is a travesty for those who voted their conscience that school consolidation will not save them money and will not serve the best interests of their students. Governor Baldacci, Commissioner Gendron, members of the legislature ,and all Maine citizens need to work together to find alternative methods to reduce educational expenditures. The current school consolidation law does not accomplish the goal of reducing educational expenditures as promised.
Lawrence "Skip" Greenlaw lives in Stonington. He is chair of the Maine Coalition to Save Schools. He may be contacted at skipg@midmaine.com or by phone 367-2738 or 460-1260.
‹ Will Tuell: Secretary of State Certifies School Law Repeal Petition Education Committee Schedule - March 2 - 6, 2009 ›
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Founded by conductor Miguel Harth-Bedoya, Filarmonika Music Publishing has been publishing music by composers of Latin America and the Caribbean for more than a decade. We provide high-quality production, engraving, and distribution to our roster of composers, with works for sale or rental to orchestras, libraries, competitions, and the general public.
In addition to our publishing work, our passion for music of Latin America and the Caribbean extends to our online catalog – Latin Orchestral Music. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive resource for conductors, administrators, librarians, researchers, and music enthusiasts. Our catalog contains more than 9,000 original works for orchestra, and more than 1,600 composers from 24 countries and territories. Visit Latin Orchestral Music at latinorchestralmusic.com.
Our catalog includes works for solo, small groups, chamber ensemble, full orchestra, Latin pops, and dramatic works including opera. We have collections of works for flute and piano; a collection of Latin American Baroque period music; and the complete collections of the works of Celso Garrido-Lecca and Enrique Iturriaga. To browse our catalog or purchase/rent scores or parts, click on “Music Publishing” above.
We also provide distribution services for works and compsers we do not publish. To find out more, visit the links below.
To meet the composers, please click HERE.
To learn more about this distribution model, please click HERE.
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FIFA Club World Cup 2019 – News – Van Dijk: Qatar 2019 will be a great experience
FIFA Club World Cup, FIFA World Cup
Virgil van Dijk tells FIFA.com of the challenges he will face at Qatar 2019
Club World Cup will be Dutchman’s first test on the global stage
Liverpool open campaign on 18 December: Buy tickets now
There is no doubt that Virgil van Dijk is the best defender in the world right now. The imposing Dutchman was runner-up to Lionel Messi at The Best FIFA Men’s Player earlier this year, and as a result has become used to rubbing shoulders with the world’s greatest at the upper echelons of the game.
Van Dijk has yet to test himself on the global stage for his country though. The Liverpool man made his senior international debut in October 2015, and with the Oranje missing out on the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™, he has not graced the biggest stage at international level.
For the former Celtic and Southampton defender, the FIFA Club World Cup Qatar 2019™ not only serves to whet the appetite for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ – it also gives him a chance to shine in a global setting for the very first time.
“For me personally, it’s something new,” Van Dijk told FIFA.com in an exclusive interview. “And I think for almost everyone in our team [at Liverpool] it’s something new. I think this squad can be the first Liverpool side to win the Club World Cup. It’ll be a great experience. We’re all looking forward to going out there and hopefully get that trophy as well.”
Jurgen Klopp’s side will open their Qatar 2019 campaign on Wednesday 18 December, and their opponents could be drawn from one of three confederations: AFC (Al-Sadd Sports Club), OFC (Hienghene Sport) or Concacaf (Monterrey). The opportunity to face a side from another continent intrigues Van Dijk.
“It will be a big challenge, it will be something that we haven’t experienced before,” he said. “We’re at the stage right now where we have the experience of playing international football [with our national teams]. We have players who’ve played all over the world anyway. It’s going to be a totally different challenge for us but it’s something that we’re definitely looking forward to.”
The Reds will no doubt watch the opening games with heightened interest – with Al-Sadd Sports Club facing Hienghene Sport on 11 December in the tournament opener, and the winner of that game facing Monterrey on 14 December for a chance to play Liverpool in the semi-final.
Whoever they face, an exciting new frontier awaits Van Dijk and his team-mates in Qatar.
Liverpool in 2019
UEFA Champions League winners
UEFA Super Cup winners
31 games unbeaten in the Premier League
Currently eight points clear at the top of the league
*Statistics correct up to and including Wednesday 4 December
Liverpool face month without Salah Mane when AFCON returns in 2021
AC Milan’s Zlatan Ibrahimovic hasn’t shown his best yet – Stefano Pioli
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Lauren Jackson
Lauren Jackson Explained
Position: Power forward / Center
Height: 196cm (77inches)[1]
Weight Lbs: 187
Birth Date: 1981 5, mf=yes
Birth Place: Albury, New South Wales
High School: Murray (Albury, New South Wales)
Draft League: WNBA
Draft Pick: 1
Draft Team: Seattle Storm
Career Start: 1997
Career End: 2016
Years1: 1997–1999
Team1: Australian Institute of Sport
Team2: Canberra Capitals
Team3: Seattle Storm
Years4: 2007
Team4: Samsung Bichumi
Team5: Spartak Moscow Region
Team7: Ros Casares Valencia
Team8: Heilongjiang Shenda
4× WNBL MVP (1999, 2000, 2003, 2004)
4× WNBL Grand Final MVP (2002, 2003, 2006, 2010)
5× WNBL All-Star (1999–2004)
7× WNBA All-Star (2001–2003, 2005–2007, 2009)
3× WNBA MVP (2003, 2007, 2010)
2× WNBA champion (2004, 2010)
3× WNBA scoring champion (2003, 2004, 2007)
WNBA Finals MVP (2010)
WNBA rebounding champion (2007)
WNBA Defensive Player of the Year Award (2007)
7× All-WNBA First Team (2003–2007, 2009, 2010)
All-WNBA Second Team (2008)
2× All-Defensive First Team (2007, 2009)
3× All-Defensive Second Team (2005, 2008, 2010)
3× WNBA Peak Performer (2003, 2004, 2007)
WNBA's All-Decade Team (2006)
WNBA's Top 15 Team (2011)
WNBA Top 20@20 (2016)
Women's Korea Basketball League MVP (2007)
Wnba Profile: lauren_jackson
Lauren Elizabeth Jackson (born May 11, 1981) is an Australian former professional basketball player. The daughter of two national basketball team players, Jackson was awarded a scholarship to the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 1997, when she was 16. In 1998, she led the AIS team that won the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) championship. Jackson joined the Canberra Capitals for the 1999 season when she turned 18 and played with the team off and on until 2006, winning four more WNBL championships. From 2010 to 2016, Jackson played with the Canberra Capitals, which she did during the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) offseason during the time she continued WNBA play.
Jackson made the Australian under-20 team when she was only 14 years old and was first called up to the Australian Women's National Basketball Team (nicknamed The Opals) when she was 16 years old. She was a member the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics teams and captain of the 2008 Summer Olympics team, winning three silver medals. She was also part of the Australian team that won the bronze at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Jackson was a member of the Australian Senior Women's Team that won a silver medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championship for Women in China, co-captain of the team that won a gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and captain of the team that won a gold medal at the 2006 FIBA World Championship for Women in Brazil.
In 2001, Jackson entered the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) draft and was selected by the Seattle Storm, which viewed Jackson as a franchise player. She won two WNBA titles with the Storm, in 2004 and 2011, the latter also earning Jackson the WNBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award. Jackson ranks among the top WNBA players in played games, minutes played, field goals, three-point shots, and turnover percentage.
Jackson played club basketball in Europe with WBC Spartak Moscow in Russia and Ros Casares Valencia in Spain. She also played in the Women's Korean Basketball League, where she was named the league's Most Valuable Player and set a league record scoring 56 points, and in the Women's Chinese Basketball Association. Jackson announced her retirement from basketball on 31 March 2016, citing a persistent knee injury as the reason for her decision. Besides her basketball career, Jackson is in the process of attaining her university degree at the Macquarie University, majoring in gender studies.
Lauren Elizabeth Jackson, whose nicknames include "Loz", "Jacko" and "LJ",[2] [3] was born in Albury, New South Wales,[3] [4] on 11 May 1981,[5] [6] [7] the oldest of two children of Gary Jackson and his wife Maree Bennie. Both her parents played for Australia's national basketball teams. Jackson inherited her height from her father, Gary, who played for the Boomers in 1975, while her mother, Maree, played for the Opals from 1974 to 1982.[5] [3] [6] [8] She played in two World Championships,[9] and for the women's basketball team at Louisiana State in the late 1980s, wearing the number 15, the number Jackson wears in her mother's honour.[5] [10] She was one of the first Australians to play in the American collegiate system,[10] where she was known for her aggressive style of play and was nicknamed "the assassin".[11] Her parents continued to play basketball locally on the social level when Lauren and her brother were young,[6] and her family had a basketball court in their backyard when Jackson was growing up.[6] Her grandfather played for the Western Suburbs Magpies.[12]
Jackson grew up in Albury,[13] where she attended Murray High School.[3] She earned her Higher School Certificate in Canberra while she was training with the Australian Institute of Sport.[6] Jackson studied for a psychology degree at Lomonosov Moscow State University and continued via correspondence from America.[14] In 2007, she was working on a university course in business management.
In 2010, she was taking classes at Macquarie University in Sydney. Her course work was centred in cultural studies and included topics like women's rights and racism. Injuries have prevented her from studying around 2010, but in 2012, she was back working on her degree,[10] and her aspirations have included becoming a United Nations diplomat. She has also considered becoming an advocate for women. Her interests regarding gender studies were inspired by a book regarding the rape during the Rwandan Genocide, and Jackson is even an ambassador of a foundation that seeks to empower the abused women of that war.[15] By 2015, Jackson was trying to get a Bachelor of Gender and Diversity at the University of Canberra, mostly through distance education.
As a youngster, Jackson was active in other sports. She was involved in athletics at school and played tennis,[6] which she gave up because competitions conflicted with her ability to play basketball.[6] Similarly, she played on her school netball team,[6] until the age of 14, giving it up because of basketball commitments.[6] In the off season, Jackson trains by pumping weights.[16]
Jackson is tall.[5] [3] [17] [18] [13] [19] [20] She was this tall by the time she turned 16, after she gained in height when she was 15 years old.[6]
Jackson is believed to have married basketballer Paul Byrne in 2014. Jackson's first child was born in 2017.[21]
Lauren is the most famous basketball player in Australia, a position she reached by 2003.[3] Prior to this, Australia's most famous player was Michelle Timms, Australia's first player of either gender to play internationally. She was recognised as one of the world's best basketball players by the time she was 21.[22] She has been described as Australia's answer to Michael Jordan or Shaquille O'Neal,[23] and the best female basketball player in the world.[24] She has said regarding being the best female basketball player in the world: "I don't really think about it. Nobody really talks to me like that. It's not something I'm conscious of. My family and people who have known me all my life, they see me for who I am, and crack open a beer or a bottle of wine with me. They know I have to train, but the rest of it is really laid-back."
Jackson plays two positions, forward and centre,[17] and has the ability to make jump shots and spinning bank shots.
Jackson started playing basketball at the Albury Sports Centre when she was four years old.[5] As a six-year-old, she told others that she would one day play for the Australian national team in Basketball.[6] Her mother taught her how to play. She first played competitive basketball as a six-year-old she played on a local under-10 side.[6] Her mother was her coach for two years. This was difficult for both mother and daughter in order to change their personal dynamics.[6] As an 11-year-old, Jackson was not the best player in Albury, but she played in the under-14 Australian Country Championships. Her team made it to the Grand Final one year, and she played in the match despite having hurt her knee.[6] She was upset after the event. In response to this, her parents sat down with her and explained she did not need to continue to play if she did not want to. Following this conversation, she went to her room and typed a message on her computer that said "from this day on, nothing will stand in my way..."[24]
When she was 14 years old, Jackson led her New South Wales side to a national championship gold. Her performance in the tournament attracted the attention of the national team selectors.[24] Tom Maher said of the game: "Right then and there, I said, 'Is this the best thing I've ever seen?' It was just unbelievable. Those old guys had seen a lot of basketball, and they were drooling."[24] As a competitor at the 1999 Australian Under-20 national championships, she won the Bob Staunton Award for the tournament MVP.[25] She was described as a basketball prodigy by the time she was seventeen years old.[26]
Jackson has played with Robyn Maher, Michelle Timms and Shelley Gorman, whom she admired during her youth. They all won bronze medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics.[10] Jackson had a rivalry with American basketball player Lisa Leslie. Both women dislike each other, a dislike that goes back to when Jackson was on tour in the United States with the Opals as a 16-year-old. The rivalry intensified in 2000 at the Olympics in the gold medal match when Jackson accidentally pulled off Leslie's hair extension when Jackson was trying to grab a rebound. Jackson treated the incident as a joke, saying "It was something to joke about even though we lost the gold medal." Leslie did not feel the same way about the extension pulling incident.[27] The rivalry continued when Jackson transitioned to the WNBA and her Seattle Storm team played Leslie's Los Angeles Sparks, who at the time were the best team in the league. The rivalry was so intense that their coaches had to coach around it, sometimes choosing to keep one off the floor when the other was on. The coaches feared if they left the players on the floor together, their own player would foul out in an attempt to get the best of the other player. Leslie and Jackson have played together as team members in the WNBA's All-Star game. Their rivalry thawed somewhat by 2007 but they did not become friends.
Women's Korean Basketball League
In 2007, Jackson played in the Women's Korean Basketball League and was named the league's Most Valuable Player. She played for Samsung Bichumi (Samsung Insurance) in Seoul, South Korea.[13] Her stint with the team was only four months, and she was the only international player on the team. She averaged 30.2 points per game.[13] No one else on the team spoke English. Jackson claimed this allowed her to play drama free basketball.[13] In a game with Samsung Bichumi against the Kumho Redwings, she scored 56 to set a league record in her team's 96–76 victory.[28] This was a personal best for her in her career.[28] Two weeks prior to the 56-point record, she scored 47 points in a single game.[28] She competed in the league's all star game and was declared the Most Valuable Player of the match.[28] She played two games a week with the league.
European basketball
Jackson has played club basketball in Europe.[29] She first signed with a European side at the end of the 2005 WNBA season, and went to Russia on a lucrative contract.[3] In 2007, she was paid six figures in American dollars, four times her WNBA base salary, to play with WBC Spartak Moscow Region for one month. Her teammates included other international basketball Olympians: Sue Bird, Diana Taurasi, and Tina Thompson.[13] While playing for the team, she lived in a mansion owned by the team's owner with a view of a nuclear power plant.[13] As a member of the team, she helped Spartak win the 2007 Russian Superleague title.[13] Subsequently, she continued playing for Spartak and won two more Russian Superleague titles with the team, in 2008 and 2009.[30] She scored 35 points in a EuroLeague Women 2008 in an 11 April 2008 game against UMMC Ekaterinburg while playing for Spartak. This was the highest number of points that she scored in a single game in a Euroleague game. Later on, Jackson played for Spartak in the EuroLeague Women finals in Brno, which her team won. She finished the 2008 season with an average of 23.6 points per game and 7.1 rebounds per game.
In 2009, Jackson had an option of extending her contract with Spartak for two more years. First, it looked likely that Jackson would stay with Spartak. However, following the assassination of Shabtai Kalmanovich, the owner of the team, she announced in November 2009 that she would stop playing for the team and not extend her contract[31] She subsequently changed her mind and returned to play with the Spartak in 2010. In the 2009/2010 season games she averaged 15.2 points per game and 5.7 rebounds per game. On 3 December 2010 while playing with Spartak, she was named the EuroLeague Women Player of the Week. Playing in the team's second match against a Kaunas Lithuanian side, she scored 28 points, had two blocks and had five rebounds while playing 31 minutes to lead her team to victory after having missed the first game where her team lost.[32] [33]
In the 2010/2011 season, Jackson played for Spartak, where she averaged 17.3 points per game and 8.4 rebounds per game. She left the team in early January 2011 because of an injury, returning to Australia for her recovery.[34] Part of her treatment involved getting an MRI.[34] According to Jackson, she left Russia for Australia because "I couldn't move, the swelling was very obvious, and the pain was just a little bit too painful. That's when I got home to all these messages and e-mails from people back in Australia who had seen the scans and said 'you need to come back (to Australia) and start your rehab right away'."[34]
She played for the Ros Casares Valencia, Spain, in 2011 and 2012.[17] [35] She joined the team in 2011.[36] It was her first year with a Spanish team.[10] She played in the power forward position with the team.[35] She ranked 16th in the league for three-point field goal shooting percentage at 41.5%.[35] She ranked 17th in the league for three-point field foals made per game at 1.4.[35] In the game against Spartak, she played in a season-high 31 minutes.[35] She missed the game against Galatasaray MP, playing zero minutes.[35] She scored 16 points in a 29 March 2012 game against Sparta&K M.R. Vidnoje, her highest total number of points in a single game in the 2011/2012 season.[35] Casares plays in the Spanish Liga Femenina and the EuroLeague Women. After a February 2012 game, her Spanish team's general manager Carme Lluveras described her performance as perfect. She has not started all games in the 2011/2012 season, coming off the bench on a few occasions because her team was stacked with talent. She was averaging 20 minutes, 8.0 points, and 2.9 rebounds a game as of 10 February 2012. During the 2011/2012 season, she scored 14 points against Bourges, 15 points in an away game against UMMC Ekaterinburg, and six against Galatasaray at a home game. In the game against the Turkish Galatasary, she scored an important three-pointer near the end of the game that helped stop a come-from-behind attempt by the opposition.
Seattle viewed Jackson as a franchise player. On the court in the WNBA, she was known for her sharp and stinging comments directed at other players. Opposition players knew they could get at Jackson by giving her sneaky fouls and nettling her back with some trash talk. While playing in the WNBA, she has dyed her hair different colours several times.[26] She ranks 35th in the league for total played games with 308. She has played 9,958 minutes in the league and ranks 16th all time in this category. In her career, she has made 2056 field goals, ranking third all time in this category. She ranked fifth all time in the league with 4,456 field goal attempts. She ranked 34th overall career wise in the league with a field goal percentage of 46.1%. Career wise, she ranks 10th overall for three-point field goals with 430. She attempted 1219 three-point field goals in her career, ranking 10th on the league's all time leaderboard. She was ranked second all time in the league for turnover percentage with 9.4.
In 2001, she was drafted first when she entered the WNBA draft in the fifth year of the league having a draft and was selected by the Seattle Storm.[5] [3] Her parents stayed with her in Seattle for the first month she played in the WNBA in 2001. Jackson's first season included 32 games played over the course of 11 weeks, a much more difficult competition in terms of total games compared to Australia's domestic league. She played in 21 games.[37] She ranked eighth in the league with 406 field goal attempts.[37] In her debut game with the team, she scored 21 points. On 3 July 2001, she set a WNBA record for most minutes played in a single game with 55 in a game against Washington that had four overtime periods.[5] That season, she averaged 15.2 points per game,[5] came in second for the WNBA's Rookie of the Year award. At the end of the first season with the Storm, Jackson required surgery on her right shoulder. She attempted 129 three-point field goals this season, ranking 8th in the league. She had a player efficiency rating of 22.5. She ranked seventh in the league in this category for the season,[37] and was a WNBA All Star.[5]
Jackson was a WNBA All Star again in 2002,[5] and played in the All Star Game. She averaged 17.2 points per game.[5] She was the team's captain, the youngest in the WNBA at the time. During one game which was attended by 11,000 fans, the fans loudly chanted her name. In 2002, Carrie Graf, who had been an assistant coach on the Australian national team from when Jackson for played for it, changed coaching positions in the WNBA from Phoenix to Seattle specifically to make Jackson feel more comfortable playing for the team. She was estimated to have earned $200,000 to play for the Storm in 2002.
In the second game of the 2002 final series against the Los Angeles Sparks, Jackson's scored only four points in a loss by her team, after being kneed in the groin by Lisa Leslie. In 2002, she only earned one technical foul the whole season. Her mother spent two weeks in Seattle with Jackson during this season. At the end of the second season with the Storm, she had severe pain as a result of shin splints. Jackson and Sue Bird first played together this season and would continue to play together for the Storm into the 2010 season.[26] During the 2002 season, Jackson's team got into a fight when they played the Los Angeles Sparks.[27]
In the 2002 season, Jackson played in 28 games, averaging 31.5 minutes per game.[37] [38] She averaged 2.9 blocks per game,.[38] and attempted 120 three-point field goals this season, ranking 10th in the league. She ranked second in the league with 462 field goal attempts, and made 186 field goals, ranking 6th in the league in this category. She had a player efficiency of 24.5. She ranked fourth in the league in this category this season. She was ranked first in the league for turnover percentage with 8.6.[37]
Jackson was a WNBA All Star again in 2003,[5] and was named to the 2003 All-WNBA First Team.[5] This season, she averaged 21.2 points per game.[5] By the end of the season, she had scored 1,000 points in the league, the youngest player to date to score that many points in the league. She was named the league's MVP,[24] [37] and was one of the top five women in the league for average number of rebounds per games and blocks per game.[13] [13] She called Tom Maher and her Seattle Storm coach Anne Donovan after winning the award,[24] and cried for an hour after learning she won.[24] She was the first non-American to be named the league's MVP and the youngest player to earn this honour.
In the 2003 season, Jackson played in 33 games, averaging 33.6 minutes per game.[37] [38] She averaged 1.9 blocks per game.[38] She ranked first in the league for field goals, with 254, for total points with 698, for field goal attempts with 526, and for win shares with 9.2, and offensive win shares with 6.7. She also ranked first in the league with 21.2 points per game average, and had a player efficiency of 32.1, likewise ranking first in the league, and led the league with win share per 48 minutes with 40.0%. She ranked third in the league with a field goal percentage of 48.3%, and for total minutes played with 1,109.[37]
In 2004, her Seattle Storm team won the WNBA Championship.[5] She was again named to the 2004 All-WNBA First Team.[5] This season, she averaged 20.5 points per game.[5] She played in 31 games, averaging 34.5 minutes per game.[37] [38] She averaged 2.0 blocks per game.[38] She made 220 field goals and ranked second in the league in this category. She ranked fourth in the league with 460 field goal attempts. She ranked seventh in the league with a field goal percentage of 47.8%, and her three-point field goal shooting percentage was 45.2%, ranking third in the league. She ranked first in the league for total points with 634, and for points per game with 20.52 points on average, and had a player efficiency of 28.0, second in the league in this category. She ranked third in the league with a true shooting percentage of 59.0%, and ranked first in the league for offensive win shares with 6.1.[37]
Jackson was a WNBA All Star again in 2005,[5] and was named to the 2005 All-WNBA First Team.[5] This season, she played in 34 games, averaging 34.6 minutes per game.[37] [38] She averaged 17.6 points per game, and 2.0 blocks per game.[38] She ranked third in the league for her 34 total games, and for her 206 field goals. She ranked fifth in the league for total minutes played with 1,176, and for field goal attempts, with 450. She attempted 118 three-point field goals this season, ranking eighth in the league, and was ranked first for total defensive rebounds with 217. She had a player efficiency of 26.7. She ranked first in the league in this category this season. She was also ranked first in the league for turnover percentage with 10.0, in the offensive rating category with 117.6, for offensive win shares with 6.0, for win shares with 8.2, and with win share per 48 minutes with 33.3%.[37]
Jackson was still with the Seattle Storm in 2006, coached by Anne Donovan. She was a WNBA All Star again in 2006,[5] and was named to the 2006 All-WNBA First Team.[5] In 2006, she was named to the WNBA All-Decade Team. Jackson of this said "That was cool. It was brilliant to be recognised like that in America. It's a tough, emotionally draining lifestyle there but it's fun." She ranked first in the league with the number of free throws with 170.[37]
This season, she averaged 19.5 points per game,[5] she played in 30 games, averaging 28.4 minutes per game.[37] [38] She averaged 1.7 blocks per game.[38] She made 193 field goals and ranked seventh in the league. She ranked second in the league with a field goal percentage of 53.5% She had a player efficiency of 34.9 She ranked first in the league in this category this season.[37]
She ranked first in the league with a true shooting percentage of 65.8%. In effective field goal percentage, she finished first in the league with 57.5%. She ranked first in the league in the offensive rating category with 135.3. She ranked first in the league for offensive win shares with 7.4. She ranked first in the league for win shares with 8.8. She ranked first in the league with win share per 48 minutes with 50.0%.[37] At the end of the season, she had stress fractures in both of her shins, and her team exited the post season before making it to the league championship series.[13]
In 2006, she was also inducted into the AIS's 25 Best of the Best program.[39]
Jackson was a WNBA All Star for the sixth time in 2007.[5] On 24 July 2007, she scored 47 points in a game against Washington and set a league high single game scoring total that she currently shares.[5] [40] In 2007, she was named the WNBA Defensive Player of the Year.[5] [37] She was also named to the 2007 All-WNBA First Team.[5] She averaged 23.8 points per game,[5] the most points she had averaged per game for a season in the WNBA. She was also named the league's Most Valuable Player.[41] [42] [37] In voting, she received 473 points, with her nearest vote-getting competitor, Becky Hammon, getting only 254.[42] In 2007, she became the first WNBA player to score 4,000 total points[41] the youngest player, as well as the fastest woman to reach the milestone; being named the league MVP gave her a $18,238 bonus and a Tiffany & Co. designed trophy.[42]
Jackson played in 31 games in 2007.[37] [43] She averaged 32.9 minutes per game.[43] Her field goal percentage was 51.9%.[43] She averaged 22.4 points, 2.16 blocks, and 9.3 rebounds per game at the time of the All-Star Break, leading the league in points and blocks, and was second for rebounds. At the All-Star break, she had a three-point shooting percentage of 40.5%.[13] At the end of the season, she expressed an interest in ending her WNBA career with the Storm as she could not see herself playing elsewhere.[13] Her three-point field goal percentage was 40.2%.[43] She had a free throw shooting percentage of 88.3%.[43] She averaged 2.0 blocks per game.[38] She made 258 field goals, ranking second in the league in this category. She ranked third in the league with 497 field goal attempts. She ranked third in the league, with a field goal percentage of 51.9%. She ranked first in the league in defensive rebounds, with 220, for total rebounds, with 300, and for total average number of rebounds per game, with 9.7.[37]
Jackson had a player efficiency rating of 35.0, ranking first in the league in this category this season. She ranked first in the league with a true shooting percentage of 63.3%. In effective field goal percentage, she finished first in the league, with 56.8%. She was also ranked first in the league for turnover percentage, with 8.8, for her offensive rating category of 127.7, for offensive win shares with 7.9, win shares with 9.5, and win share per 48 minutes with 44.6%.[37] In all, she finished the season ranked in the top ten players in no less than twenty-eight different statistical categories.[42]
In 2008, Jackson averaged 20.2 points per game.[5] [44] In July 2008, she scored 33 points for the Seattle Storm in an 84–71 win against Washington. This was her season-high scoring high. On the same day she was officially named to the 2008 Australian Olympic squad,[45] and the Seattle Storm went out of the post season in the first round.[46] In 2008, she played in 21 games.[37] [43] She averaged 33.1 minutes per game. Her field goal percentage was 45.2%, and her three-point field goal percentage was 29.5%. She had a free throw shooting percentage of 93.4%, averaged 1.6 blocks per game, and had a player efficiency of 26.7, ranking third in the league in this category this season.[37]
In 2009, Jackson became a WNBA All Star for the seventh time[5] and was named to the 2009 All-WNBA First Team.[5] This season, she averaged 19.4 points per game.[5] She played in 26 games,[37] [43] in which she averaged 32.3 minutes per game.[43] Her field goal percentage was 46.3%.[43] Her three-point field goal percentage was 43.0%,[37] [43] she had a free throw shooting percentage of 79.7%,[37] [43] and her three-point field goal shooting percentage was 43.0%, ranking fifth in the league. Her player efficiency was 26.1, the highest efficiency of any player that season, and her win share of 33.3% per 48 minutes was the highest also.[37]
Jackson played for the WNBA All-Stars at the Stars at the Sun game in 2010,[5] and her Seattle Storm team won the WNBA Championship.[5] She was named to the 2010 All-WNBA First Team.[5] This season, she averaged 20.5 points per game.[5] On 2 September 2010, Jackson was presented her third MVP Award[37] at the Seattle Storm's Game 1 of the Western Conference Finals against the Phoenix Mercury. On 17 September 2010, the Storm beat the Atlanta Dream to win the WNBA championship for the second time. Jackson was named the finals MVP.[37] [47] In 2011, she was voted in by fans as one of the Top 15 players in the fifteen-year history of the WNBA.[48]
Jackson played in 32 games.[37] [43] She averaged 31.0 minutes per game, with a field goal percentage of 46.2%, and a three-point field goal percentage of 34.6%. She had a free throw shooting percentage of 91.0%,[43] She made 220 field goals, ranking sixth in the league, and ranked fifth in the league with 476 field goal attempts. She attempted 156 three-point field goals this season, ranking eighth in the league. She had a player efficiency of 27.9, ranking first in the league in this category this season. She also ranked first in the league in the offensive rating category with 126.3, for offensive win shares with 6.1, for win shares with 8.3, and for win share per 48 minutes with 40.0%.[37] In the locker room, Jackson would talk to her teammates about topics like women's rights and Lady Gaga.[26]
In 2011, Jackson had to deal with a number of injuries that kept her out for most of the season.[5] She injured her hip in a game against the Tulsa Shock, and had surgery for it on 30 June.[26] That season, she played in only 13 games.[37] [43] She missed 20 games in a season that is 34 games long.[26] After she came back from her surgery, her team won 8 out of her first 9 games.[26] She averaged 24.9 minutes per game. Her field goal percentage was 39.6%, her three-point field goal percentage was 31.1%, and had a free throw shooting percentage of 88.4%.[43] In June 2011, she signed a three-year contract with the team.
Jackson opted to sit out the early part of the 2012 season as she wanted to concentrate on making the national team and competing in the Olympics. She returned in September and helped the Storm in two blowout wins against the Tulsa Shock, but then an injury sustained during the Olympic preparations sidelined Jackson for three games. Upon her return on 21 September, Jackson became the fourth WNBA player to reach 6,000 points. Jackson wound up playing just 167 minutes on the regular season.[49] [50] The Storm saw an early playoff exit in their series against the Minnesota Lynx, with Jackson attempting a buzzer beater in the third game but falling short.[51] This turned out to be Jackson's final game in the WNBA.
2013–retirement
A hamstring surgery forced Jackson out of the 2013 season,[52] and she also missed the 2014 season after operating both her right knee and left Achilles in February.[53] The final year of her Storm contract was suspended in 2013 and dissolved under the new collective-bargaining agreement signed in 2014, but Seattle still retained Jackson's rights.[54] During her 2014 recovery, Jackson expressed interest in returning to Seattle in 2015, saying that despite so much time sidelined by injury, "I've just had too good of a career there to let that fall by the wayside." However, these hopes of returning to the WNBA and the Storm for the 2015 season were sidelined when Jackson had further surgery on her right knee in the spring of 2015.[55] Her attentions turned to the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. However, in November 2015, Jackson announced that her rehabilitation had suffered a setback that would keep her from practicing until January 2016. Upon taking the court again, she stated she would decide in February 2016 if she would participate in what would be her fifth Olympic games or retire from the sport.[56] Her retirement was announced one month later.[57]
WNBA career statistics
† Denotes seasons in which Jackson won a WNBA championship
|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2001| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 29 || 29 || 34.5 || .367 || .310 || .727 || 6.7 || 1.5 || 1.9 || 2.2 || 1.83 || 15.2|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2002| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 28 || 28 || 31.5 || .403 || .350 || .756 || 6.8 || 1.5 || 1.1 || 2.9 || 1.68 || 17.2|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2003| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 33 || 33 || 33.6 || .483 || .317 || .825 || 9.3 || 1.9 || 1.2 || 1.9 || 2.09 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|21.2|-|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2004†| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 31 || 31 || 34.5 || .478 || .452 || .811 || 6.7 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 2.0 || 2.06 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|20.5|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2005| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 34 || 34 || 34.6 || .458 || .288 || .834 || 9.2 || 1.7 || 1.1 || 2.0 || 1.74 || 17.6|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2006| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 30 || 30 || 28.3 || .535 || .377 || .899 || 7.7 || 1.6 || 0.8 || 1.7 || 1.33 || 19.5|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2007| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 31 || 31 || 32.9 || .519 || .402 || .883 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|9.7 || 1.3 || 1.0 || 2.0 || 1.81 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|23.8|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2008| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 21 || 21 || 33.0 || .452 || .295 || .934 || 7.0 || 1.2 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.90 || 20.2|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2009| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 26 || 26 || 32.4 || .463 || .430 || .797 || 7.0 || 0.8 || 1.5 || 1.7 || 1.65 || 19.2|-|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2010†| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 32 || 32 || 31.0 || .462 || .346 || .910 || 8.3 || 1.2 || 0.9 || 1.2 || 1.44 || 20.5|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2011| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 13 || 13 || 24.8 || .396 || .311 || .884 || 4.9 || 0.3 || 1.0 || 0.8 || 1.31 || 12.2|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2012| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 9 || 9 || 24.8 || .425 || .311 || .720 || 4.9 || 0.3 || 1.0 || 0.8 || 1.30 || 12.2|-| style="text-align:left;"| Career| style="text-align:left;"|12 years, 1 team| 317 || 317 || 31.9 || .460 || .351 || .842 || 7.7 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 1.8 || 1.74 || 18.9
|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2002| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 2 || 2 || 34.0 || .346 || .000 || .714 || 5.0 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 3.0 || 2.00 || 11.5|-|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2004†| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 8 || 8 || 35.9 || .469 || .727 || .897 || 7.5 || 1.4 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 2.00 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|19.6|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2005| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 3 || 3 || 34.0 || .436 || .308 || .833 || 8.0 || 0.7 || 1.3 || 1.3 || 2.67 || 14.3|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2006| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 3 || 3 || 30.3 || .536 || .286 || .917 || 8.0 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 2.3 || 1.67 || 18.0|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2007| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 2 || 2 || 34.0 || .565 || .300 || 1.000 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|11.5 || 0.5 || 1.0 || 1.5 || 2.50 || 19.0|-|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2010†| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 7 || 7 || 36.1 || .465 || .314 || .836 || style="background:#D3D3D3"|9.6 || 1.1 || 1.7 || 1.4 || 1.86 || 21.6|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2011| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 3 || 3 || 27.3 || .382 || .385 || .700 || 3.7 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 1.3 || 1.33 || 15.0|-| style="text-align:left;"| 2012| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle| 3|| 3 || 30.3 || .278 || .273 || .700 || 7.7 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.5 || 0.33 || 10.0|-| style="text-align:left;"| Career| style="text-align:left;"|8 years, 1 team| 31|| 31 || 33.6 || .443 || .376 || .841 || 7.8 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.5 || 1.81 || 17.5
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) was founded the year Jackson was born. Between 1998 and 2008, she played a total of 154 WNBL games, winning one championship with the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and four more with the Canberra Capitals.
Jackson was offered a scholarship with the AIS in 1996, when she was just 15, but her parents said no to this, as it required her to move from Albury to Canberra.[6] The next year, she accepted a scholarship.[58] The programme considers her one of its success stories.[59] With Jackson leading a side composed of the best 16- to 17-year-old development players in the country,[3] the Australian Institute of Sport WNBL team won the WNBL Championship.[41]
Jackson joined the Canberra Capitals for the 1999 season when she turned 18, and played with the team off and on until 2006. While with the team, she won four WNBL championships.[41] In 1999/2000, the Canberra Capitals who won the league championship in a finals match against Adelaide where they had a final score of 67–50.
She played for the Canberra Capitals for the 2002/2003 season. In a November game in Penrith with a temperature of 40C against the Sydney Flames, 500 people largely showed up to watch her play. This season, she was coached by Carrie Graf. In the Penrith game, she scored 9 of the Capital's first 13 points. She finished the game with 29 points, 16 rebounds and 5 blocks, with her team winning 79–67. In a December 2002 against the Australian Institute of Sport, she scored 33 points.[60] After home games in Canberra, Jackson would hang out with her teammates at Tilley's Devine Cafe.
In a December 2002 game against the Townsville Fire in Townsville was moved to the Townsville Entertainment and Convention Centre, which seated 5,000 people instead of at the Fire's normal 800 seat stadium, because it was felt Jackson would draw that large a crowd. She did, with 4,110 people showing up to the game and setting a regular season attendance record for the Fire. Canberra lost the match, with Townsville figuring a way to contain Jackson, limiting her to 23 points, which was six below her average of 29 points per game so far in that the season.[60] At the time, the attendance was the best ever for a regular season WNBL game, with only two Grand Finals games in the post season having more people in attendance.[60]
In the 2002/2003 season, she was one of only three players who were taller than . She played with the Capitals in the Women's World Cup 2003 where she averaged 30.6 points per game and 11.4 rebounds.[35] She also won the WNBL Grand Final as a member of the Capitals, and was named the Most Valuable Player in the Grand Finals match. During the 2003/2004 season, she scored 48 points in a single October 2003 game. This was her highest individual game point total at the time and is her single highest WNBL point scoring game.[28]
Jackson returned to the Capitals for the last half of the 2009/2010 season.[61] The Capitals started an effort to re-sign Jackson, and in March 2011,[62] she signed a contract for a million dollars to play in the WNBL. This was the most an Australian woman had ever been offered to play for a domestic side in the country, with most of the top women earning only $50,000 a year.[63] Despite returning to Australia and being present at every Capitals game, injuries prevented Jackson from playing in the 2012–13 NBDL season.[64] For the 2013–14 season, the Capitals missed the deadline date to sign Jackson and led her to play in China instead. Jackson was signed for the Capitals' next two seasons,[65] and expected to join the team in November 2014, after recovering from a hip surgery she went through in September.[54] Jackson's return happened in December 19 against the Adelaide Lightning.[66] Jackson managed to play five more games in the 2014–15 WNBL season, losing only one as she averaged 13 points and seven rebounds.[67] Still her physical ailments prevented Jackson from training with her teammates, and requiring weekly drainings of synovial fluid out of her knee. During a double-header road trip in Victoria, Jackson's knee gave in.[68] A subsequent MRI scan showed further damage to her knee that required new surgeries, forcing Jackson to sit out the rest of the season.[69] The Capitals released Jackson from her contract in January 2016.
After missing the 2013 WNBA season and with a deal with Canberra Capitals falling through, in September 2013 Jackson signed with the Heilongjiang Shenda of the Women's Chinese Basketball Association.[70] She helped Heilongjiang qualify to the playoffs with an average of 22 points, 9.5 rebounds and 1.8 steals per game, but a heel injury made Jackson lose the post-season.[71] Another injury during the season, where Jackson "pulled my meniscus out of the root of my bone" was not deemed too grave at the time, but the knee problems would escalate during the following years.
Jackson made the Australian under-20 team when she was only 14 years old.[6] She was first called up to the senior national team when she was 16 years old. Her national team coaches Tom Maher and Carrie Graf say positive things about Jackson to the press and others but they rarely have said those things to Jackson. This is a strategy designed to help motivate Jackson to play better. Tom Maher who was the coach her called her up said "She's so good she could be the greatest sportswoman in the world. She's that extraordinary." Graf has described Jackson as one of the superstars of the game.[72]
Jackson was a member of the 1997 Australian Junior Women's Team that won a silver medal at the World Championships in Brazil.[5] [73] At the time, she was 16 years old.[3] [6] She averaged 14.3 points per game and 9.9 rebounds per game.[35] She was also a member of the 1998 Australian Senior Women's Team that won a bronze medal at the World Championships in Germany.[74] At the time, she was 16 years old and the youngest Australian woman ever to be named to the team.[5] [24] In the tournament, she averaged 10.9 points per game[5] [41] [35] and 3.9 rebounds per game.[35] She was a key part of the team's success. She was coached in the tournament by Tom Maher. She came off the bench to play.
In the Olympic test tournament in the lead up to the 2000 Summer Olympics, Jackson scored 18 points and 10.7 rebounds per game.[35] She was a member of the 2000 Summer Olympics team that won a silver medal.[3] [41] At the 2000 Games, she scored 127 total points, had 23 total blocked shots, 12 steals and 67 rebounds.[5] She averaged 15.9 points and 8.4 rebounds per game.[35] In the 76–54 loss in the gold medal game, she scored 24 points and had 13 rebounds.[5] She led the team in points scored and total rebounds. Going into the Olympics, her team was ranked third in the world. At the Sydney Games, she was coached by Tom Maher. The gold medal final was against the United States.[3]
Jackson was a member of the Australian Senior Women's Team that won a silver medal in the World Championships in China in 2002.[5] [75] She averaged 23.1 points a game in the competition and was named to the All-Star team for the tournament.[5] [35] She averaged 5.4 rebounds per game.[35] In a semi-final match against the United States, Jackson fouled Lisa Leslie three times in the first six minutes of the game. The team lost while Jackson spent most of the time on the bench. By January 2003, Jackson had played over 100 games with Australia's senior side. She competed in the 2003 World Championships and was named the International Basketball Federation's Most Valuable Player. At the FIBA Diamond Ball Tournament for Women 2004, she averaged 22.7 points and 14.0 rebounds per game.[35]
Jackson was a member of the Australian senior team that won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics,[5] [3] [41] [76] where she averaged 22.9 points and 10.0 rebounds per game.[35] The gold medal final was against the United States.[3] In 2006, she was a co-captain with Jenny Whittle of the Australian women's senior team that won a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games.[77] [78] [79] [79] She played in the preliminary final against the Mozambique women's national basketball team,[80] and the gold deal match against New Zealand.[3] Jackson was the captain of the Australian women's senior team that won a gold medal at the World Championships in Brazil in 2006 that beat Russia in the Gold Medal match.[5] [3] [41] This was the first time Australia had ever earned gold in the event.[81] Jackson averaged 21.3 points and 8.9 rebounds per game.[35] While the national team is called The Opals, Jackson asked Basketball Australia if they were to make rings for team members in honour of their win, if they would use diamonds instead of opals.
As captain of the 2008 Summer Olympics Australian women's team that won a silver medal at the Olympics,[5] [3] [82] Jackson averaged 17.3 points and 8.6 rebounds per game.[35] In the FIBA Diamond Ball Tournament for Women 2008, Jackson averaged 20.3 points per game and 5.0 rebounds per game.[35] In 2010, she was a member of the senior women's national team that competed at the World Championships in the Czech Republic.[83] She averaged 13.4 points per game and 7.9 rebounds per game.[35]
Jackson missed the first training camp for the 2012 Summer Olympics squad in March,[84] but was back by April to train with the team.[85] In June, Jackson tore her adductor magnus muscle during the Australian training camp in the Czech Republic.[52] She was one of the models for the 2012 Australian Olympic team uniforms,[86] and chosen to carry the Australian Flag during the Opening Ceremony for the 2012 Olympic Games.[87] The hamstring injury prevented Jackson from getting much play during the Olympic tournament, having only had significant court time in the matches against USA and the bronze medal play-off with Russia.[52]
After flying to Australia in February 2014 to operate on her heel and knee, Jackson committed to return to the Opals in time for the 2014 FIBA World Championship for Women.[71] However, the delayed recovery of Jackson's knee led her to give up on the tournament to have her right hip operated on to fix a torn labrum in September 2014. She had gotten the tear while playing for Ros Casares Valencia in 2012 but went without surgery to not miss the then-upcoming Olympics. Jackson would later express interest in attending her fifth Olympic tournament during the 2016 Summer Olympics as a way to close her career, while also pursuing her long-standing dream of a gold medal.[68] However, while attending the Opals training camp in Canberra, she announced her retirement saying her conditions were not improved enough and she needed an "absolute miracle" to get into shape.
Jackson had previously expressed interest in becoming a basketball administrator following retirement, saying that "Where I put my time and energy is now crucial. I want to get involved in the political side of sport rather than the media and I need to learn from the people who have been there before." She now heads the women's division of Australian Basketball Alliance, a new trade union for basketballers formed in 2015. A main pursuit of hers is getting tertiary education for all players.[88] In May 2016, Jackson joined the new ownership group of the Melbourne Boomers, being named the team's commercial operations executive.[89] Jackson also served as a colour commentator for Channel Seven's broadcast of the Olympic tournament.[90]
Jackson has a son, Harrison "Harry" Gray Jackson, who was born on 2 February 2017.[91] She released an autobiography, My Story: A Life in Basketball and Beyond, in October 2018, and while promoting it revealed she was pregnant with her second child.[92]
Jackson has had multiple injuries. In 2008, after the Olympics, she had surgery to fix her ankle. In 2009, she had two stress fractures in her back. In December 2010, she had an Achilles injury.[34] She sustained the injury playing in Australia. Between January 2011 and February 2012, she had surgeries to assist with Achilles and hip injuries.[93] She had surgery on her left hip acetabular labrum in June 2011[94] [95] in Vail, Colorado at the Richard Steadman Clinic.[96] [94] [95] She said of the surgery: "This is a really, really tough decision, but after talking with my doctors and my family, we felt that immediate surgery is the best course of action. With something painful like this hip injury, I want to be especially proactive. I plan to stay in Seattle to be here with my team and try my best to be back on the court as soon as possible. My goal is to be at full strength by the end of the season."[95] She did rehabilitation twice a day in an attempt to speed her recovery.[96] Afterwards, Jackson injured her right knee, requiring more surgery in 2012.[53] Another knee injury while playing in China in 2014 degraded into arthritis, and her knee required much surgical intervention during the following years, including a long hospitalisation in January 2016 after her knee joint suffered a postsurgical infection. All the consequences of this knee problem led to Jackson's retirement from pro basketball in March 2016.
Jackson has expressed interest in undergoing a knee reconstruction, as "I don't want to walk with a limp for the rest of my life."[97]
By 2003, Jackson was being recognised around the world from countries like Portugal and Japan.[4] She said of her private life: "I don't really have a private life. I've found it difficult as an athlete, to maintain a relationship. It's not one of my best points but I've got family and friends who compensate for that. When I was younger I went out and had a lot of fun, and there were moments when people criticised me for that, and you know what, I'm young, I'm going to do that, and anyone who is going to get on me for that ... I really didn't care."[98] She does not like to go out to clubs because she gets recognised by too many people, and everyone wants to comment on her height.[99] She partied a fair amount in her early 20s.[98] By 2010, she was not able to stay out at night clubs until 5:30 am any more because she lacked the stamina.[26]
In response to getting a hug from Yao Ming at the 2008 Summer Olympics during the closing ceremonies, internet rumours started that Jackson and the married Yao were romantically involved. These rumours were incorrect. Jackson said of them: "When we came across this Yao Ming thing it was like, 'Oh...My...God! When I tell you we were in hysterics...because anybody who knows me knows that would be the last thing on my mind. A 7 foot 6 Chinese man? That's just not my thing. I really respect him as a player. And people who know me know I can be wild and over-the-top. I'm affectionate and that night I guess I was affectionate with the wrong person. I guess the Chinese people don't do that stuff very often, so the cultural [differences] was a big thing. But I don't care. You have to laugh about things or you'll be crying, which I would probably have been doing anyway [because of the loss and surgery]. I made the most of my last night at the Olympics and had a great time."[100]
When people google Jackson, some of the first search results feature her in the nude.[100] Jackson said of this: "Instead of being known for my basketball skills, all of these nudie shots are always the first thing you see."[100] She posed nude in an Australian magazine, Black+White, that featured Olympic athletes who were set to compete in Athens in the 2004 Summer Olympics. The expensively printed magazine/book has been produced for the last three Olympic Games and, by the 2004 edition, was considered uncontroversial in Australia with its "artistic" approach to nude photography, and its equal coverage of male and female athletes, although it did create a stir in the United States.[101] [102] She also posed for the 2005 edition of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.[103] Of posing nude, she said, "if offered the opportunity, I think that it's a personal decision. Whether you do it for the money or whatever, again, I think it's a personal decision. I don't know whether I would say yes or no. I guess you cross that bridge when you come to it. I don't think it's a bad thing, I'm not against it."[104]
As Jackson got older, she took on a more activist role,[26] working for domestic violence charities and helping children from Australia's outback get involved in sport.[105] In December 2002, she helped launch the Smith Family Toy Drive at the Canberra Centre with the help of Ainslie school children. She is the patron for the NSW Rape Crisis Centre.[10] She is passionate about preventing domestic abuse.[10] In 2010, she visited young basketball players at Batemans Bay's Moruya Basketball.[106]
Jackson was named the Australian International Player of the year in 1999, 2000 and 2002. In 2005, she was inducted into the Australian Institute of Sport 'Best of the Best'.[41] [107] [108] In late 2011, the Albury Sports Stadium was renamed the Lauren Jackson Sports Centre.[109] [110] [111] A thousand people showed up at the renaming ceremony, at which Jackson was the guest of honour.[109] [110]
She was the flag bearer for Australia at the Summer 2012 London Olympic Games.[112] [113] On 8 June 2015, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Queen's Birthday Honours.[114]
List of Australian WNBA players
Web site: Lauren Jackson. Australian Olympic Committee. 9 May 2019.
The weight of the world. 1447-4697. Sport Monthly. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Sydney. 179. January 2003. Ian. Cockerill. 46.
Web site: Lauren Jackson. Australian Olympic Committee. 5 May 2012. Harry. Gordon. 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson Playerfile . WNBA . 2 May 2012 . yes . https://web.archive.org/web/20120420043309/http://www.wnba.com/playerfile/lauren_jackson/bio.html . 20 April 2012 . dmy-all .
Book: Coates, Philippa. Raising champions : a parents' perspective. South Melbourne, Vic.. Lothian Books. 2005. 0734407785 . 224360464. Maree and Gary Jackson (Lauren) . 53–57.
Book: 2006 Australian Commonwealth Games team handbook . Australian Commonwealth Games Association 2006. Melbourne, Vic.. Basketball. 88–89.
1443-1823. Sports woman. Brisbane, Aust.. 3. 1. July 2000. Having a Ball!. Stephen. Schaefer. 26–27.
Web site: Q&A with Qantas ambassador Lauren Jackson: Olympic basketballer . Travel Insider . 4 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120523224904/http://travelinsider.qantas.com.au/qa_with_qantas_ambassador_lauren_jackson_olympic_basketballer.htm . 23 May 2012 . yes . dmy-all .
Web site: Q&A with Australia's WNBA and Opals star Lauren Jackson. Gregory. Andrew. 2 October 2007. 3 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20080810152059/http://blogs.foxsports.com.au/basketball/index.php/foxsports/comments/question_and_answer_time_with_australias_wnba_and_opals_star_lauren_jackson. 10 August 2008. yes. dmy-all.
Anderson, Kelli . How Lauren Got Her Groove Back.(Pro Basketball; Lauren Jackson) . Sports Illustrated . 23 July 2007 . Time Inc. . 107 . 3 . 50 . 0038-822X .
News: Plenty of fire left in Jackson's belly. Brown. Alex. 12 May 2007. 3 March 2010 . The Sydney Morning Herald.
Web site: Ambassador: Top basketball player Lauren Jackson is the ambassador of the Mukomeze foundation. Mukomeze foundation. 11 March 2014.
The weight of the world. 1447-4697. Sport Monthly. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Sydney. 44–53 [53]. 179. January 2003. Ian. Cockerill.
Web site: London 2012–2012 Australian Opals squad named . Australian Olympic Committee . 16 February 2012. 2 May 2012.
1443-1823. Sports woman. Brisbane, Aust.. 2. 1. 2000. Sky is the Limit. 45.
Kallam. Clay. 2007. The WNBA vs. the guys at the playground: who would win?. Women's Basketball. 7. 26. 3.
Alpha. 1832-6838. Lauren Jackson, basketballer. 19. February 2007. 44–46 [45].
Web site: Basketball great Lauren Jackson has given birth to a "perfect little creature" . The Border Mail . 11 April 2017 . 11 April 2017.
The weight of the world. 1447-4697. Sport Monthly. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Sydney. 44–53. 179. January 2003. Ian. Cockerill.
Action Jackson. 1447-4697. Sport Monthly. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Sydney. 179. January 2003. 122.
News: Jackson returns on top of the world . The Age. 20 September 2003 . 5 May 2012.
Play Up (Official Event Program). Basketball Australia. 19–25 February. 2012. The Bob Staunton Award. 8. South Melbourne, Australia. Brad Graham Creative.
Web site: Michelle . Smith . WNBA playoffs — Lauren Jackson relishing every moment . ESPN . 1 January 2008 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Sparks spank Storm in opener . USA Today . 16 August 2002 . 5 May 2012.
News: Lauren Jackson bags 56 points in Korea . https://archive.is/20121230171429/http://news.theage.com.au/sport/lauren-jackson-bags-56-points-in-korea-20070312-1td.html . yes . 30 December 2012 . Age . Fairfax . Melbourne, Australia . 12 March 2007 . 3 May 2012 .
Play Up. Basketball Australia. 19–25 February. 2012. The Next Step. Davin. Sgargetta. 24. South Melbourne, Australia. Brad Graham Creative.
Web site: http://www.wbcs.ru/team/player/main/59/2009. ru:Джексон Лорен. WBC Spartak Moscow Region. Russian. 13 May 2012.
Web site: http://www.sports.ru/basketball/50269578.html. ru:Лорен Джексон покинет подмосковный "Спартак" и продолжит карьеру в Австралии. Sports.ru. Russian. 13 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson Is Player of the Week | EuroLeague Women . FIBA Europe . 17 May 2010 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Sparta&K Hammer VICI Aistes | EuroLeague Women . FIBA Europe . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Out-Of-Action Jackson | EuroLeague Women . FIBA Europe . 17 May 2010 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson | EuroLeague Women . FIBA Europe . 4 May 2012.
Web site: USK Sign Penicheiro; Jackson In Valencia | EuroLeague Women . FIBA Europe . 22 March 2012 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson WNBA Statistics . Basketball-Reference.com . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson — Seattle Storm — Career Statistics — WNBA . Yahoo! Sports . 4 May 2012.
News: Jackson pays tribute as AIS marks 25 years at top . https://web.archive.org/web/20060903031000/http://www.smh.com.au/news/basketball/jackson-pays-tribute-as-ais-marks-25-years-at-top/2006/08/31/1156817033241.html . no . Jacquelin . Magnay . 1 September 2006 . . Fairfax Media . 3 September 2006 . 30 January 2017 .
News: Lauren Jackson ties WNBA 47-point record . The Age . Melbourne, Australia . 25 July 2007 . 3 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203104609/http://news.theage.com.au/sport/lauren-jackson-ties-wnba-47point-record-20070725-po1.html . 3 December 2013 . yes . dmy-all .
Book: 30 Australian sports legends. Loretta. Barnard. Gregory. Rogers. North Sydney, N.S.W.. Random House Australia. 2008. 9781741662863. 271421922. Basketball: Lauren Jackson, gem of a player. 7–11.
News: James . By . Aussie basketballer Lauren Jackson is world's best . . 5 September 2007 . 5 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson — Seattle Storm — WNBA . Yahoo! Sports . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Opals humbled in gold medal match – 2008 Beijing Olympic Games . ABC Grandstand . ABC . 24 August 2008 . 2 May 2012.
Web site: Top-strength Opals set for last frontier . Canberra Times . 4 July 2008 . 1 May 2012 . yes . https://web.archive.org/web/20140315222030/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/topstrength-opals-set-for-last-frontier-20080704-31k6.html . 15 March 2014 . dmy-all .
Kallam. Clay. November 2008. The Sun and the Storm quickly eclipsed. Women's Basketball. 8. 22 . University of Canberra . 6.
Web site: Second title even sweeter for Storm. Voepel. Mechelle. 16 September 2010. ESPN. 17 September 2010.
Web site: Stanchak . Scott . Roundtable Discussion: WNBA Top 15 Players of All Time . WNBA . 24 July 2011 . 1 May 2012.
http://www.wnba.com/storm/news/playoffs120927.html Not Finished: 2012 Playoff Preview
http://www.wnba.com/storm/news/jackson_6000.html?rss=true Lauren Jackson Reaches 6,000 Career Points
http://www.wnba.com/storm/news/glance121002.html?rss=true Game at a Glance: Minnesota 73, Storm 72 (Game 3)
http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/basketball/lauren-jackson-finally-discovers-cause-of-hamstring-problems/story-fnanosvn-1226537034035 Lauren Jackson finally discovers cause of hamstring problems
Web site: Lauren Jackson to Miss 2014 Storm Season . 2016-01-29 . February 12, 2014 . WNBA.com (archived).
Web site: Lauren Jackson has hip surgery, still wants to return to Storm . Evans . Jayda . 2016-01-29 . September 2, 2014 . SeattlePI.com.
Web site: Seattle Storm: Lauren Jackson to miss third straight season in 2015 . Cohen . Stephen . 2016-01-29 . May 12, 2015 . SeattlePI.com.
Web site: Lauren Jackson hits knee setback, will decide on retiring in February . 2016-01-29 . November 24, 2015 . ESPN (AP).
Web site: Seattle Storm: Thank You LJ . 13 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160410005549/http://storm.wnba.com/thank-you-lj/ . 10 April 2016 . yes .
Book: 62 . AIS Basketball 2011 . Australian Sports Commission . Australian Institute of Sport . 2011 . Basketball Australia . Canberra.
Book: 41. AIS Basketball 2011 . Australian Sports Commission . Australian Institute of Sport. 2011. Basketball Australia. Canberra.
Web site: Townsville rout Jackson threat . Age . Fairfax . Melbourne, Australia . 1 December 2002 . 5 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson heading back to the WNBL . Age . Fairfax . 25 November 2009 . 3 May 2012.
Web site: Canberra Capitals eyeing Lauren Jackson . Channel Nine . Melbourne, Australia . 5 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140311152527/http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8220786 . 11 March 2014 . yes . dmy-all .
Web site: Lauren Jackson In $1 million Deal To Play Basketball . Sydney Morning Herald . Fairfax . Sydney, Australia . 18 October 2011 . 4 May 2012.
http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/basketball/jackson-in-holding-pattern-as-capitals-sweat-on-decision-20130501-2ithe.html#ixzz2TWSKAteF Jackson in holding pattern as Capitals sweat on decision
http://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/lauren-jackson-confident-of-playing-in-world-cup-canberra-capitals-season-20140808-10211n.html Lauren Jackson confident of playing in World Cup, Canberra Capitals season
http://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/lauren-jackson-solid-in-injury-return-as-canberra-capitals-hold-off-adelaide-20141219-12am61.html Lauren Jackson solid in injury return as Canberra Capitals hold off Adelaide
http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?c=1-4478-56411-320638-21310622&a=STATS Statistics for UC Capitals playing in 2014/15
Dutton, Chris. Lauren Jackson wants to end her career 'on my terms' after another injury setback. Sydney Morning Herald (February 9, 2015)
http://www.wnbl.com.au/index.php?id=377&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=5493&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=137&cHash=6594de940f Jackson Ruled Out for Remainder Of Season
Web site: Lauren Jackson signs on with Chinese team. Smith, Steve. 10 September 2013. The Border Mail. 11 March 2014.
http://www.basketball.net.au/lauren-jackson-in-recovery-following-successful-surgery/ LAUREN JACKSON IN RECOVERY FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL SURGERY
Web site: Opals star Taylor out of the Olympics . Canberratimes.com.au . 11 April 2012 . 1 May 2012.
Book: 52. AIS Basketball 2011 . Australian Sports Commission . Australian Institute of Sport . 2011. Basketball Australia. Canberra. (This is a booklet published by the Australian Sport Commission; has a copyright notice on the page following the cover page.)
Book: 51. AIS Basketball 2011 . Australian Sports Commission . Australian Institute of Sport . 2011. Basketball Australia. Canberra.
Book: Stewart-Hudson, Marion. Australia at the Commonwealth Games 1911–2006 : XVIII Commonwealth Games, 15–26 March, Melbourne 2006. Gallagher. D.. Australian Commonwealth Games Association Inc.. 2006. 9780958019019. 42. Basketball — Women.
7. defensejobs Opals. 2006. Basketball Australia. Melbourne, Australia. Basketball Australia Annual Report. 2006.
Web site: Jackson reveals all | Other Sports . Fox Sports . 10 January 2007 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Cambage's tall order . Canberra Times . 24 March 2012 . 1 May 2012.
Web site: Evans . Jayda . Lauren Jackson wins EuroLeague title . Women's Hoops Blog | The Seattle Times . Seattle Times. Seattle, Washington . 2 April 2012 . 4 May 2012.
News: Getty Images . Cameron . Spencer . Lauren Jackson models Australia's opening ceremony uniform . ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 4 May 2012.
News: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Jackson to carry Australian flag. 27 July 2012.
http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/zela/article/2016/05/10/ljs-lasting-legacy-whats-next-lauren-jackson LJ's lasting legacy: what's next for Lauren Jackson?
http://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/lauren-jackson-to-the-rescue-for-melbourne-boomers-20160524-gp2zdz.html Lauren Jackson to the rescue for Melbourne Boomers
http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/zela/article/2016/08/17/it-really-disaster-lauren-jackson-opals-early-exit-rio "It really is a disaster" – Lauren Jackson on the Opals early exit from Rio
Web site: When Lauren Met Baby Harry. www.heraldsun.com.au. 2017-08-16.
Web site: Retirement, pain-killers and being a mum: Lauren Jackson opens up. Chris. Dutton. 14 October 2018 . Canberra Times.
Web site: AUS – Encouraging signs for Jackson . Fiba.com . 5 May 2012.
News: Lauren Jackson set for surgery . The Age. Melbourne, Australia . 30 June 2011 . 3 May 2012.
Web site: Storm's Lauren Jackson to have hip surgery | KING5.com Seattle . https://archive.is/20130127024200/http://www.king5.com/home/Storms-Lauren-Jackson-to-have-hip-surgery-124736204.html . yes . 27 January 2013 . King5.com . 29 June 2011 . 5 May 2012 .
Web site: Steve . Kelley . Steve Kelley | Storm star Lauren Jackson's rehab already far ahead of schedule . Seattle Times. Seattle, Washington . 5 May 2012.
http://espn.go.com/wnba/story/_/id/15100331/australia-opals-star-lauren-jackson-announces-retirement-international-basketball Australian legend, former WNBA MVP Lauren Jackson retires
Web site: Lauren Jackson in her own words . Brisbane Times . 29 January 2011 . 5 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson has fun with Internet . Seattle Times . 26 September 2008 . 5 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081201233700/http://blog.seattletimes.nwsource.com/storm/2008/09/26/lauren_jackson_has_fun_with_internet.html . 1 December 2008 . yes . dmy-all .
News: Evans. Jayda. Nude photos of Jackson may stir up a storm of controversy. 14 August 2011. The Seattle Times. 18 June 2004.
News: Evans. Jayda. Jackson to pose in Sports Illustrated. 14 August 2011. The Seattle Times. 17 January 2005.
Web site: This is What I Think: Posing for Playboy . WNBA . 5 May 2012.
Web site: Lennox and Jackson Chat Transcript. 3 March 2010.
News: Lauren Jackson surprises Moruya miniballers . Batemans Bay Post. Batemans Bay, Australia . 29 October 2010 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Lauren Jackson Heads AIS Champions . Fulltext.ausport.gov.au . 31 August 2006 . 4 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140920155916/http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2006/ascmedia/2006.08.31.asp . 20 September 2014 . yes . dmy-all .
Web site: Best of the Best : Australian Institute of Sport : Australian Sports Commission . Australian Sport Commission . 24 November 2011 . 1 May 2012 . yes . https://web.archive.org/web/20121117224704/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/history/awards/best_of_the_best . 17 November 2012 .
Web site: Basketball Australia : Lauren Jackson Stadium . Basketball Australia . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Smith . Steve . Lauren Jackson's 'perfect' day in Albury . The Border Mail . 24 October 2011 . 4 May 2012.
Web site: Howard . Jones . Lauren Jackson to open stadium . The Border Mail . 19 August 2011 . 5 May 2012.
Web site: Jackson to carry the flag for Australia . Nine MSN . 19 October 2008 . 27 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120728070550/http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8506374 . 28 July 2012 . yes . dmy-all .
Web site: Jackson to carry Australian flag . Yahoo!7 . 27 July 2012 .
News: . Australian basketball star Lauren Jackson surprised by Queen's Birthday AO honour . 8 June 2015 . 8 June 2015 .
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lauren Jackson".
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The The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats Vol. III: Autobiographies
by William Butler Yeats (Author), Douglas Archibald (Editor) and William O'donnell (Editor)
Autobiographies consists of six autobiographical works that William Butler Yeats published together in the mid-1930s to form a single, extraordinary memoir of the first fifty-eight years of his life, from his earliest memories of childhood to winning the Nobel Prize for Literature. This volume provides a vivid series of personal accounts of a wide range of figures, and it describes Yeats's work as poet and playwright, as a founder of Dublin's famed Abbey Theatre,… (more)
Autobiographies consists of six autobiographical works that William Butler Yeats published together in the mid-1930s to form a single, extraordinary memoir of the first fifty-eight years of his life, from his earliest memories of childhood to winning the Nobel Prize for Literature. This volume provides a vivid series of personal accounts of a wide range of figures, and it describes Yeats's work as poet and playwright, as a founder of Dublin's famed Abbey Theatre, his involvement with Irish nationalism, and his fascination with occultism and visions. This book is most compelling as Yeats's own account of the growth of his poetic imagination. Yeats thought that a poet leads a life of allegory, and that his works are comments upon it. Autobiographies enacts his ruling belief in the connections and coherence between the life that he led and the works that he wrote. It is a vision of personal history as art, and so it is the one truly essential companion to his poems and plays.
Edited by William H. O'Donnell and Douglas N. Archibald, this volume is available for the first time with invaluable explanatory notes and includes previously unpublished passages from candidly explicit first drafts.
Fiction Poetry
Publisher: Scribner (July 06, 2010)
Collection: Scribner
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Home Aims Contact Imprint Data protection Login
GNDRI GLOBAL NETWORK OF DRYLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Institutes' PR material
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You are here: Home > Member institutions > Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA)
Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA)
http://www.mendoza-conicet.gov.ar/institutos/iadiza
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (http://www.conicet.gov.ar),
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (http://www.uncu.edu.ar) and the
Government of Mendoza (http://www.mendoza.gov.ar)
Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas
Centro Científico y Tecnológico CONICET Mendoza
CC 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
E-Mail: iadiza@mendoza-conicet.gov.ar
IADIZA's mission is to conduct research to improve scientific understanding and management practices needed to achive sustainable use of arid ecosystems, particularly in central-western Argentina.
The environment of the location
IADIZA is located at the CONICET Science and Technology Center in the beautiful General San Martín Park in Mendoza city (32° 52' S, 68° 51' W). Besides IADIZA, the CONICET Center harbors other institutes encompassing a diverse set of disciplines including geology, dendrochronology, glaciology and nivology of the high Andes, experimental biology and medicine and humanities. Mendoza city, the capital of Mendoza province, lays at 750 m a.s.l., at the western edge of the temperate Monte Desert biome and at the foothills of the Andes. The climate is arid to semi-arid, with ca. 250 mm of mean annual rainfall occurring mostly during the summer.
Short history and milestones
IADIZA was created in November 1972 by an agreement between the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), the National University of Cuyo and the Government of Mendoza Province. It was founded on the basis of the former Provincial Institute of Arid and Semi-arid Zone Research.
The staff at IADIZA is composed by a diverse group of doctoral and post-doctoral fellows, staff researchers and technicians. Doctoral students are affiliated with graduate programs at the National University of Cuyo and other universities in Argentina and abroad. Many staff researchers have joint appointments at local academic institutions, including the Faculty of Agronomy and the Institute of Basic Sciences of the National University of Cuyo.
Currently, the institute is organized in nine research groups:
Biodiversity of wild mammals
Botany and phytosociology
Desertification and land use planning
Ecology and management of wild vertebrates
Ecology of plant-animal interactions
Ecophysiology and production
Geobotany and phytogeography
Population and community ecology
Systematic and ecological entomology
In addition, the institute manages two natural areas, the Man and Biosphere (MaB) Reserve of Ñacuñán and El Divisadero Experimental Station. IADIZA also harbors scientific biological collections including an herbarium, vertebrate and insect collections and a germoplasm bank, and runs a program on Environmental Education as an outreach activity for the local community.
www.gndri.net
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Tau Empire Codex 2013 | Army Builder Program
Dark Angels Codex 2013
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Warhammer 40k Forum Tau Online » Warhammer 40K Armies » General 40K » Campaigns » The Conquest for Pandora's Box [Campaign Fluff]
Warhammer 40K Forum
The Conquest for Pandora's Box [Campaign Fluff]
15 Mar 2010, 16:26 #1 (permalink)
It is the 41st Millennium. For more than a hundred centuries the Emperor has sat immobile on the Golden Throne of Earth. He is the Master of mankind by the will of the gods, and master of a million worlds by the might of his inexhaustible armies. He is a rotting carcass writhing invisibly with power from the Dark Age of Technology. He is the Carrion Lord of the Imperium for whom a thousand souls are sacrificed every day, so that he may never truly die.
Yet even in his deathless state, the Emperor continues his eternal vigilance. Mighty battlefleets cross the daemon-infested miasma of the warp, the only route between distant stars, their way lit by the Astronomican, the psychic manifestation of the Emperor's will. Vast armies give battle in his name on uncounted worlds. Greatest amongst his soldiers are the Adeptus Astartes, the Space Marines, bio-engineered super-warriors. Their comrades in arms are legion: the Imperial Guard and countless planetary defence forces, the ever vigilant Inquisition and the tech-priests of the Adeptus Mechanicus to name only a few. But for all their multitudes, they are barely enough to hold off the ever-present threat from aliens, heretics, mutants - and worse.
To be a man in such times is to be one amongst untold billions. It is to live in the cruelest and most bloody regime imaginable. These are the tales of those times. Forget the power of technology and science, for so much has been forgotten, never to be re-learned. Forget the promise of progress and understanding, for in the grim dark future there is only war. There is no peace amongst the stars, only an eternity of carnage and slaughter, and the laughter of thirsting gods.
Into the 42nd Millennium, the Imperium is beset by all manner of Heretics and Xenos. It is an age where the Imperium needs Heroes to beat back the shadow of Death itself. From the Eye of Terror, spills forth the servants of the Dark Gods who’s only goal is to spread the taints of the Warp. From the cold depths of the void, the Tyranids come in uncountable numbers driven by the will of the Hive Mind to consume all that is organic. Orks are the green plague of the galaxy and their only sole purpose and pleasure is to drown themselves and all those around them in war. Across the Damocles Gulf, an inquisitive and rapidly advancing race call the Tau have found enlightenment and seeks to spread it to those of the ignorant. The Imperial Guard, the primary defense of the Imperium leads endless crusades so the Imperium might endure. But the Imperium is not satisfied with survival. The Imperium seeks out to bring back the glories of their benevolent Emperor’s Great Crusade. To this end, the Imperium has resorted to unorthodox tactics and strategies. One of those tactics is to search for new technology to give the Imperium the upper hand in the war for the galaxy.
Pandora’s Box is very unusual world. The Fabricator Generals of the Adeptus Mechanicus don’t know whether to classify it as a world or a space hulk. It will take centuries for them to come to a conclusion but for whatever reason, Pandora’s Box is a world full of priceless and rare Archeotech and the Adeptus Mechanicus seeks to claim all for their own. Discovered by an Explorator Fleet in 192.M42, Pandora Box’s, commonly called by Veteran Guardsmen accompanying the Explorator Fleet orbits a sun that gives dangerous amounts of solar radiation so much so the ships had to activate their Void Shields. Only when hiding in the shadows of Pandora’s Box and the other worlds can the ships bring down their Void Shields for maintenance. Of all the worlds within the Nakir system, only Pandora’s Box is habitable as there is no natural protection from the intense solar radiation coming from the Nakir’s sun on the other worlds. Sensoriums indicated that Pandora’s Box have extensive underground network of tunnels and bunkers as well as Void Shield Generators to protect them from the solar radiation. But Pandora’s Box is also without its own dangers and traps, seas, lakes and rivers of various toxins and poisons flood the world as well as still functioning macrocannons, defense lasers, lances and other ship-size weapons dots the surface, all ready to fire upon intruders. They are also hearsay of mutants and other otherworldly creatures that stalk beneath the surface of Pandora’s Box. Further scanning also reveals communities of human settlers on Pandora’s Box. One theory says that the inhabitants of Pandora’s Box are descendants of the crew of the various wrecked ships that makes up Pandora’s Box. The Explorator Fleet was about to settle upon the world and setup a base of operations when the Astropaths and Navigators of the fleet sense an explosion of disturbances in the Warp.
A Tyranid Hive Fleet exited the Warp and is making their way towards Pandora’s Box, intent on consuming the vast amount of biomass on Pandora’s Box. Flotillas of Ork Ships bursts out of the Immaterium to bring war and to make Pandora’s Box their own. The greatest servants of the Dark Gods, Chaos Space Marines claws their way out of the Empyrean and have found Pandora’s Box a most interesting of worlds and they sought to please their dark masters with the deliverance of the hulk world into their clawed hands. A Tau Fleet skims out of the Sea of Souls to explore and recover the ancient technologies of old to further their plan for the Greater Good. It is as if Fate is conspiring against the Explorator Fleet’s Archmagos when the 4 factions simultaneously appeared. In response, an astropathic message was sent out for aid. Fortune smiled and the message was not answer by one but two Space Marine companies, the Emperor's own champions. It will be a battle of epic proportions and none can be certain of who will come out as the victor but all know that war and death will follow in their wake.
The Conquest for Pandora's Box [Discussion Area] Zen Campaigns 45 19 May 2010 15:18
The Conquest for Pandora's Box [Rules] Zen Campaigns 4 24 Apr 2010 18:58
Unofficial Campaign Fluff Elliott Fluff/Stories 3 25 Apr 2007 02:28
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A welcome return by Jane Gardner, this time for an entire day, to talk on the evolution of glass from the 16th to the 18th Century.
We began with a brief history lesson, as Jane explained that by the 4th Century the Romans had pretty well perfected the art of glass production. However by the 13th century these skills had been largely forgotten, except in specific regions, particularly Venice. A Venetian Glassmakers guild was formed in 1286 and the industry was forced to move to the island of Murano in 1292 because of the smells and dirt, an early example of industrial pollution. The isolation meant that the makers created their own society and began experimenting with both colours and styles. For example, by the 15th century most Venetian glass was being produced adding cobalt, so blue in colour, while some time later efforts were made to replicate Chinese porcelain. By the 16th century opaque glass, imitation rock crystal and more ornate designs using strands of glass were being produced and were much sought after. When Constantinople was invaded by the Turks demand from the East diminished and fresh markets in Western Europe were developed and while the product was extremely expensive it was also extremely fragile, so the breadth of the market is best shown by the many examples of glass from this period being found in excavated cesspits, as the broken product was thrown away on arrival.
The impact that Venetian glass had on society is perhaps best illustrated by looking at paintings throughout the ages as very few paintings don’t include a drinking vessel of some kind. It was inevitable that given the popularity of Venetian glass other centres would become established throughout Italy, but also in Spain, Germany and in England, attempting to replicate both quality and designs but also developing different styles.
While the Bohemians looked to produce clear glass, in Germany natural glass which is green in colour was popular. Specific designs became notable with beer glasses and tankards being designed with exaggerated lumps around the base, making holding easier given the additional weight of both the glass and the contents. In England the key design feature was a knot on the stem also to provide a better grip. However throughout history the ambition of all glass makers has been to replicate Murano glass which is still the “gold standard” to this day.
Jane then moved on to the development of the English glass industry, from the 17th century. While many examples of 9th/10th glass have been found, including drinking horns made to replicate animal horns, it is unclear whether they produced in England or northern France. However in 1615 a ban on burning wood in favour of coal was passed and the result was that the glass was produced black in colour and was used mainly for beer and wine bottles. The impact of the English Civil War and the subsequent period of puritan restraint caused a sharp drop in demand which was equally sharply reversed on the restoration. The Glass Sellers Company had been formed to control imports and the taxes imposed but also sent specific designs which were in demand in England and this encouraged English producers. In 1674 George Ravenscroft was looking to produce clear glass to match imports from Venice. Not easy, but by 1677 he was able to stamp clear rock crystal product. The most popular designs were copies of silverware although the examples of drinking vessels were incredibly modern looking, showing that little changes in public taste. As technology improved into the Georgian era so did glass production and a particularly English development was the use of thick glass for candle sticks and lead crystal for chandeliers as those that could afford such luxury loved the lustre of candle light being reflected by the glass.
In conclusion we were shown some early examples of Waterford crystal which was founded in 1783 and these beautiful shapes were a fitting conclusion to an extremely enjoyable day with a fascinating speaker and beautiful illustrations.
← Italian Renaissance Maiolica by Susanne Higgott
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HS2 has the weakest economic case of all the major infrastructure projects
Andrew Tyrie, chairman of the Treasury select committee, has stated that HS2 has the weakest economic case of all the UK’s major infrastructure projects. Its £55bn budget dwarves that of Hinkley C and Heathrow combined, which are both £18bn projects.
Strangely though, Chris Grayling, the new transport secretary, still thinks it’s a good idea:
“Of course it makes sense, if we’re going to build a new railway line, for it to be a fast railway line, to reduce travel times from north to south… That’s logical.”
Quite an assumption, and a wrong one. Higher speed does not necessarily mean better. If that were the case, we would have a 100mph national limit on motorways. But the reality is that higher speed means more noise, more accidents, more congestion and lower fuel efficiency. This applies to rail as well, but is compounded by the fact that trains have to make regular stops which means more accelerating, more braking.
Andrew Tyrie said:
“The question of whether it is possible to improve capacity at lower speed and, consequently, at a lower cost, has not been comprehensively examined.”
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Much has been made lately about Felix Hernandez's mechanics in light of his tender elbow -- Google "Felix Hernandez mechanics" and you'll see all the people jumping on the bandwagon -- but this is hardly a new thing for the big Venezuelan, who always has had a pretty violent delivery.
If you don't frequent Lookout Landing -- and if you're an M's fan, why don't you? -- jump over there to check out the interesting piece Jeff has put together analyzing Felix's motion based on some scientific evidence about what might actually put a pitcher's joints at risk.
This paper suggests a possible issue, giving us some evidence based on scientific investigation that Felix's delivery may put added stress on his elbow, and a potentially considerable amount, at that. It could be nothing, or it could be Felix's "natural" (and therefore uniquely safest) body position when throwing, but let's put it this way - if I were a high school pitching coach, and I had a young pitcher who threw with Felix's degree of tilt and elbow height, I'd work with him to change it by making his body a little more upright, and bringing his elbow down closer to perpendicular to his side. Just because it might not pose a problem doesn't mean you shouldn't still try to play the odds.
Of course, with Felix, it's a little different. When you have a guy as flipping extraordinary as Felix, you don't screw around with his delivery, not when he's already established himself in the Majors. The potential benefit of better health just isn't worth the potential cost of Felix losing his identity as a young phenom. So, in situations like this, you sit back, enjoy the performance, and cross your fingers that nothing gets wonky in the elbow or shoulder.
It's a well-reasoned, well-researched post that raises some interesting things to watch for -- and also cautions us to take it for what it's worth: Conjecture, albeit a little less of the subjective variety.
Posted by Nuss at 7:53 PM 0 comments
Labels: Mariners
Word on the street had been that the WSU basketball team would probably not use its final scholarship that came open when a pair of players decided to transfer.
That's no longer the case.
The Cougs today signed Stephen Sauls, who had been enrolled at the Air Force prep school. When he decided the Air Force wasn't for him, Bennett jumped on the opportunity to sign the 6-foot-3, 195-pound combo guard.
"Stephen will provide needed depth to the backcourt with the departure of Mac (Hopson) and Chris (Matthews)," Bennett said. "He addresses a need for out team with his playmaking ability and defensive mindset. Hopefully, his year at the Air Force Prep Academy has prepared him for the rigors of being a successful student-athlete. Once he met our players and saw the campus, he knew Washington State was the place for him."
Apparently, Sauls -- a Texas native who graduated from high school in 2006 -- determined the rigidity of Air Force life was just too much to handle.
"Waking up at 5:45 every day, putting on the uniform, having to march to breakfast when I wasn't even hungry half the time," Sauls said. "It was too much structure for me. ... I didn't have a choice to be myself, and I didn't like that."
I know I never got up for a class before 10 a.m., so he shouldn't have any problem there. Here's scout.com's bio:
The fast 6-foot-3, 185-pound combo guard from Fort Bend Marshall - the number 48 ranked (TexasHoops.com) player in the state - pulled the trigger on a commitment to the Air Force Academy after an official visit. After enrolling at the Air Force's prep school, decided to open his recruitment back up, culminating in his signing with Washington State. Will enroll at WSU in May or June of 2007.
Labels: College Basketball, WSU Cougars
Now, we'll find out what these Mariners are made of
With an off-day today and the symbolic flipping of the calendar tomorrow, now seems like as good a time as any to reflect on the start of the Mariners' season.
So much was made of the Mariners needing to get off to a hot start, mostly because of the compelling storylines that came along with the start of the season. What will happen to this team if it gets run over by the AL West again? Will Mike Hargrove keep his job? Will Bill Bavasi keep his job?
Alas, none of those stories came to be, and today's sports pages in the Seattle area are celebrating the Mariners' "accomplishment" of finishing the first month with a .500 record, given all the "challenges" this team has faced.
I'm here to tell you, folks, that this team has accomplished very little. Finishing 10-10 against most of the worst competition the American League has to offer (with a six-game losing streak thrown in for good measure) is nothing to celebrate. Am I glad they're not already buried? Sure, being 1.5 games back of the LAAoA is a solid place to be.
But let's be real: After a two-game series against the White Sox to finish this homestand, the Mariners will embark on a 14-game stretch that could define whether this season has a prayer, or will sink like each of the last two, over before they really began. It kicks off with a road game at Boston, then moves to a four-game series at New York, then three at Detroit, then three more with the Yanks at home and, finally, three more with LAAoA at home.
For those keeping track, that's a game against the best team in the AL (16-8), seven against the best offense in the AL (5.7 runs per game), three against the defending AL champs and three against the first place team in your division that, oh by the way, swept you convincingly last week.
We'll learn a lot through this stretch. I don't think anyone thinks this is an elite team, but teams that want to contend -- even in mediocre divisions -- have to survive these stretches. If this team is still .500 after these next 16 games, and can take two of three from LAAoA at the back end, we might have something. But if they go way south over that stretch?
Well, let's just say we just might see some of those interesting storylines finally come to fruition.
Other things I noticed in the weekend series ...
I'm still not sold on Cha Seung Baek as any kind of long-term solution, but I'm darn glad he's giving them some quality innings right now. He's doing pretty much what you'd expect out of a fifth starter -- grinding through 5-6 innings, keeping his team competitive. What scares me? The fact that he starts to get absolutely pounded by his third time through the order. Makes me wonder what's going to happen when teams see him a second or third time. But on the positive side, this is a resilient guy who, after being a top prospect, very nearly was cast aside by this franchise two years ago. Maybe I'm underestimating him. We'll find out in the next couple of weeks.
Jeff Weaver needs to go to the bullpen now. Period. There is nothing to be gained by trotting him out there every fifth day to get blown up.
Richie Sexson finally got a hit yesterday, and it was a single to boot. People keep saying, "Don't worry too much about him; he'll eventually do what he always does and hit .250 with 35 homers and 110 RBIs." I'm not worried about that, per se; what I am worried about is that it's going to take until June or July for it to happen, and the team will be out of contention by then. The guy has got to start producing in critical situations, something he seemingly hasn't done since the first game of the year.
Speaking of Sexson, check this out if you're in the mood to be depressed -- courtesy the good mates over at U.S.S. Mariner.
Q: How stupid does Adrian Beltre look every time he points to the first base umpire after his own check swing?
A: Almost as stupid as he looks when he's swung at a low-and-away slider in the dirt for the 1,387th time this year.
Disturbing stat of the day: Three players are tied for the team lead in home runs -- Jose Lopez, Beltre and Sexson. They each have three, meaning each is on pace for 25 home runs. Solid production for Lopez. Not so good for two guys making about $30 million combined.
Jackson trade a gamble worth taking; plus, some final draft thoughts
As a teacher, I sometimes love to give quizzes. So here's one for you -- WASL style, where they ask you to pick the most correct answer.
Which of the following is the biggest reason for the Seahawks trading their best receiver since Steve Largent to an in-division rival for a mere 4th round pick in this year's NFL Draft?
A. Darrell Jackson was unhappy about his contract.
B. Darrell Jackson refused to attend voluntary workouts, which was detrimental to the team.
C. Darrell Jackson has a history of injuries in places where you don't want your receivers to have histories of injuries.
D. Tim Ruskell is a power-hungry freak who couldn't stand the thought of Darrell Jackson showing him up for even one more day.
Of course, you could make a good case for any of those options. But since it's my classroom, my answer rules. And my answer is C.
Ruskell is charged with caring for the overall health of the franchise -- a great reason why head coaches should never have the kind of power Mike Holmgren had when he first arrived in Seattle -- and his job is to make sure this team can remain competitive over the long haul. Coaches are clouded by things such as relationships and a desire to win now, consequences be darned.
Tim Ruskell could see the writing on the wall. In the NFL, if you allow your talent to become overage and overpaid at the same time, you're asking for a trip to the top of the NFL Draft. Look at Oakland and Tampa Bay, two teams in the Super Bowl not that long ago. Look at how long it has taken San Francisco to escape its own cap hell of the late 1990s. And, conversely, look at how the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers have been able to stay competitive year after year.
You see, we've probably seen the best that Darrell Jackson is going to offer, and Ruskell knows that. Jackson has a history of knee problems, problems that have been described in at least a few places as "degenerative." That means, no amount of surgery or rehab is going to get it back to 100 percent. It will only get worse the longer he plays. Jackson also still is battling the turf toe injury he suffered at the end of last year. Believe it or not, that's an injury that has ended careers. (Deion Sanders, before his comeback, comes to mind.)
Yes, Jackson was a gamer who often played through pain and showed up biggest on the brightest stages. He's got 47 career touchdown catches, and has an unmatched rapport with Matt Hasselbeck, where they sometimes seem to be reading each others' minds on the field.
But he's also an injury-prone liability who has missed 40 percent of his team's regular season games, and the ability to be a "gamer" can only continue as long as a player can tolerate pain, and that's usually a shorter amount of time than most of us want to admit. He also sat out countless other mini-camps, training camps days and practices, affecting the continuity of everyone involved.
Nate Burleson played Jackson's position all of training camp last summer while Jackson rested his sore knees. You don't think that played at least a small role in Burleson's troublesome acclimation to the offense? You don't think it affects a team's rhythm when a guy sits out all week, only to show up and play on Sunday?
Jackson might give the 49ers a season at the level of play Seahawks fans have grown accustomed to, and for that, Ruskell likely will draw Seahawks fans' ire. Maybe Jackson even goes Randy Johnson on us. But Ruskell did the right thing: He jettisoned a player whose best days likely are behind him before he could command any more money and cause any more problems with continuity on the team.
Sometimes it's best to just cut bait and move forward, even if you can only get a 4th round pick in return.
I only got as far as Mansfield Wrotto with breakdowns of the Seahawks draft picks, so here are some final thoughts on Sunday's happenings.
Like most, I was pretty surprised the Seahawks never even tried to address their issues at tight end. That says one of two things to me: 1) The Seahawks are completely happy with their TE situation; or 2) None of the guys after the top two really rung the Seahawks' bell. The team will tell you it's the first. I believe it's probably the second. The team signed Joe Newton out of Oregon State to a free agent contract after the draft ended, telling me they felt the difference between him and a lot of the other guys was smaller than most of us believed.
It says 5th round choice Will Herring is a linebacker, but he probably projects to safety in the NFL. (Where have we heard that one before?) In all likelihood, this is a special teams pick with the hope that the guy can develop into a solid backup safety at some point.
With the picks of Courtney Taylor and Jordan Kent and the loss of Jackson, the Seahawks now have eight wide receivers on the roster: Deion Branch, Burleson, D.J. Hackett, Bobby Engram, Ben Obomanu, Taylor, Kent and Chris Jones. There's going to be a bit of a numbers crunch there, as teams typically carry only five or six WRs on their 53-man roster. Probably, it'll be Obomanu, Taylor and Kent duking it out for one or two spots. Will the odd-man out go to the practice squad? Kent is clearly the least polished of the three, but it'll be intriguing to see how much the team is enamored with Kent's potential -- enamored enough to keep him protected from the practice squad?
Speaking of Kent, here's an interesting little tidbit from NFL.com: "If he had concentrated on football for four years, he would be ranked among the elite at his position. Few players in this draft have as intriguing array of athletic ability and talent that Kent possesses." There's also an interesting little story at The Seattle Times here.
For those of you interested in where your favorite Cougars landed, you can find that here. I couldn't find a comprehensive list of draftees and signings for Huskies, so this is the best I can do. We also know that C.J. Wallace and Kenny James were among the 11 free agents who signed with the Seahawks shortly after the draft.
Posted by Nuss at 9:41 AM 0 comments
Labels: NFL, NFL Draft, Seahawks
What an unbelievably beautiful day. I stayed in to watch the M's, but then spent the rest of it outside in the sunshine. I'll have some thoughts up here within the hour.
Seahawks continue to add depth to defenive line, pick up OL
After releasing Grant Wistrom earlier this spring, adding depth at defensive end was a priority for the Seahaks coming into the draft. The team has now addressed that with the pick of Baraka Atkins, defensive end from Miami (FL), with its first pick of the 4th round.
A quick perusal of NFL.com's bio of Atkins reveals him to be a typical Ruskell character guy:
Atkins, whose father is the mayor of the city of Sarasota, is an intelligent athlete. He graduated in 2005 with a degree in Business Management and pursued a second degree in Marketing during his 2006 season.
In terms of measurables, he's 6-foot-4 and 278 pounds. For comparison purposes, he's roughly the same size as Patrick Kerney (6-5, 273) and Bryce Fisher (6-3, 272) and quite a bit bigger than Darryl Tapp (6-1, 265), whom the Seahawks selected in the second round last year.
At first blush, much like the pick of Josh Wilson, I'm pretty happy they got a different kind of guy to fit in with that line. He's played both tackle and end in his career, so he's got some versatility. There's some question as to what his true upside is, given that he's never had a chance to really focus on one position.
Here's a quick look at him from Scott Wright's Draft Countdown:
Strengths: Has good size and bulk with a nice frame...Stout against the run...Good strength and power...Agile and quick off the snap...Is versatile with experience at multiple positions...Gets excellent penetration...Plays with good leverage and balance...He was durable...Has a lot of experience...Solid production...Still has some potential.
Weaknesses: Classic 'tweener who's not big enough to play inside yet doesn't have the ideal speed or athleticism needed for the outside...Was never really able to focus on mastering a single position...Has an inconsistent motor...Not a great pass rusher or sack artist...Questionable work ethic...Was actually benched for a while in '06.
With their second pick, the Seahawks selected offensive lineman -- or is that defensive lineman? -- Mansfield Wrotto from Georgia Tech. The 6-foot-3, 316-pound Wrotto was a three-year starter on the defensive line before switching to the offensive line this year.
It'll be interesting to see where the Seahawks project him. Could he be the run-stuffing defensive tackle they've been looking for? He's certainly got the size, and NFL.com says he could pretty easily add another 10 pounds to his frame. Could he be an eventual starter on the offensive line? There's some thought that this guy could have been a first-day talent had he been on the o-line longer than just one season in college. Interesting pick that has a significant amount of upside potential.
Here's a quick look at him from Rivals.com:
The good: Mansfield started 46 games in career, but his first 32 were along the defensive line. He is a thick, wide-bodied lineman who flashes the power and agility to be one of the most intriguing prospects in this draft class. As a senior, he started at right tackle and displayed promise and the physical tools to develop further. He has all the physical skills to develop into an NFL starter — very long-armed and long-legged with the bubble-butt scouts want in a road-grader for along the front line. He comes off the snap with some pop and leverage.
The bad: He is still very raw in his technique and needs to develop better hand use and footwork when it comes to handling outside speed and inside counter moves. In pass protection, he is still developing in all areas from setup, hand use, footwork and recognition skills. He can be slow to setup at times that leaves him exposed and though he has powerful hands, he is only adequate to recover. His footwork needs work and is probably the most critical area to improve before he can compete for playing time.
Outlook: Wrotto probably goes in the top 125 prospects and would be a good early day pick with the Ravens, Bengals and Bills interested. If the light goes off here, he could challenge any prospect at this position within a few seasons. Excellent second-day addition with starting talent and probably sooner than most think.
That's it for now, as I'm off to church. I'll check back in later this afternoon with more on the Seahawks' final picks and Darrell Jackson. See you then.
We knew it was a strong likelihood that the Seahawks would send Darrell Jackson to the San Francisco 49ers this morning for a 4th round pick -- which they did, and that pick is coming up shortly -- but, out of nowhere, the Raiders sent Randy Moss to New England, also for a 4th round pick.
That's what I get for sleeping in. By 8 a.m. on the west coast, all the big news has happened.
So, what do these trades mean? Here's Mike Sando's take:
The Seahawks did not want Jackson on their team; and it's tough to get a high pick for a starting receiver. Looks like New England will land Randy Moss for a fourth-round pick. New England looks pretty smart, in other words. The Pats get a first-rounder from Seattle for Deion Branch, then land Moss for a fourth-rounder.
What does the Jackson trade mean specifically for the Seahawks? Well, most immediately it means the Seahawks now have two 4th round picks in the span of five picks. It also means they've sent the second-most-productive receiver in team history to a division rival that's on the rise. That ought to signify how desperate the Hawks were to unload Jackson.
I'll have a full breakdown this afternoon of what Jackson's trade means to the 49ers, and how 4th round picks have fared under Tim Ruskell's leadership. I believe Rob Sims was a 4th round pick last year, and he performed very well in limited duty last year and is slated to be your starting left guard this season.
The Hawks just picked Miami DE Baraka Atkins with their first 4th round pick. I'll have some info on him shortly.
UPDATE: Here's a quick analysis of Jackson deal from Sando's perspective. Again, I'll have my thoughts later this afternoon.
There's nothing imminent on the Darrell Jackson front, Mike Sando is reporting tonight.
This is going to be it for me tonight, too. I just don't have the heart to write about Jeff Weaver right now. I'll probably check in with the M's tomorrow, and have some more Seahawks stuff as the draft wraps up.
Here's to hoping the Mariners and their depleted bullpen can hold up for one more day to win this series.
Labels: Mariners, NFL, NFL Draft, Seahawks
The Seahawks addressed their defensive line needs by selecting Cal tackle Brandon Mebane with their third round pick.
This addresses an obvious weakness for the Hawks, who were paper thin at the position by the end of last year. The biggest downside, though, appears to be that at 6-foot-1 and 305, he's yet another smallish tackle on a team filled with them. That's not the Seahawks' fault; this was a draft bereft of defensive tackle depth, and they weren't likely to get one of those big space eaters in the second or third round, anyway.
Here's the take on him from Scott Wright's Draft Countdown -- and, yes, if you think he sounds like a clone of every guy who plays DT for the Seahawks not named Marcus Tubbs ... well, you're not alone.
Strengths: A solid athlete with good quickness and agility...A disruptive penetrator who will collapse the pocket and make a lot of plays in the backfield...Strong and stout at the point...Plays with good leverage...Flows to the ball, excels in pursuit and has a burst to close...Is very solidly built...Has a lot of playing experience and he was pretty productive...A hard worker with a tremendous motor and top intangibles.
Weaknesses: Is undersized and does not have the height you would prefer...Needs to develop additional pass rush moves...Will struggle with blockers who are a lot bigger than him...Struggles to disengage at times...Overachiever who will find it's a different game in the pros...Can make better use his hands...Timed speed is only average.
Pray that Tubbs comes back healthy from knee surgery. Otherwise, we're doomed to more Sundays watching Frank Gore and Stephen Jackson run roughshod over our small defensive front.
I've got to admit, the idea of yet another undersized cornerback in the Seahawks' defensive backfield doesn't exactly make me want to jump with joy, but by all accounts Josh Wilson out of Maryland is a very nice pick for the team.
He brings a different dynamic to the secondary than anyone else already back there. He's a burner who runs a 4.3 40, something the team just doesn't have right now. Remember, this secondary has had a habit over the past few years of getting burned by fast receivers (Bernard Berrian or Torry Holt, anyone?).
Although he only had two interceptions in his career at Maryland, perhaps the most telling stat is this: 2 receptions, 19 yards. That's how man-child receiver and No. 2 overall pick Calvin Johnson performed against Wilson in their matchup last season. Frankly, they won't come any bigger or faster than Johnson in the NFL this year, so that should assuage some fears about his size.
It's interesting that the Seahawks went with another corner, given all the talk about needing depth on the offensive and defensive line. But it makes a lot of sense given the injury issues at the position last season. By all accounts Trufant, Herndon and Williams should be ready to go for the season, but you never know.
Additionally, Wilson's return skills could become a valuable asset. While Nate Burleson performed at a near Pro Bowl level in that role last year, if the team decides to pull the trigger and send Darrell Jackson elsewhere, they probably won't want their starting WR in that position.
(Oh, and about that Jackson trade to San Francisco? The 49ers just took WSU stud Jason Hill in the third round, for what that's worth.)
So, with that, enjoy some of the following takes on Wilson. If you need a visual primer first, check out this video at the Washington Post of Wilson's highlights at Maryland -- most of it centers around that matchup with Johnson.
From NFL.com's Draft Analyzer:
Wilson is a very good DB. He doesn't have great height. He's also a very good kick returner. His father, Tim, was a fullback for the Houston Oilers who did a great job blocking for Hall of Famer Earl Campbell. Solid person, solid player.
From Scott Wright's NFL Draft Countdown:
Strengths: Has phenomenal speed...A tremendous natural athlete with excellent quickness, agility and leaping ability...Tough and physical guy who plays a lot bigger than he is and will help against the run...Smart with good instincts...Hips are fluid and he can turn and run with anyone...Is also a terrific return man...Has good bloodlines.
Weaknesses: Does not have the height you look for...Does not have great hands and while he gets to a lot of balls he doesn't rack up many interceptions...Is only an average tackler...Can get out-muscled by bigger receivers and blockers...Still needs a little technique work, especially with his backpedal...Is he going to hold up physically?
Click here for Wilson's combine interview.
Round one wrapping up; heading out for the afternoon
The first round is drawing to a close, and with it Brady Quinn's uncomfortable free fall has ended. The Browns proved to be either the smartest team around, or the luckiest, as they were able to move into the first round for the second time to pick up Quinn after passing on him the first time around.
The Browns paid a steep price -- second round pick this year, first round pick next year -- but if quinn truly is a franchise quarterback, it's worth it. Yes, the Browns only got the No. 3 and No. 22 picks, but this has the feel of the year the Seahawks took Walter Jones and Shawn Springs in the first round, a draft that really set the team up for long-term success, because the Browns truly got two top 10 talents. It's a great deal for a franchise that has floundered so much in recent years.
With that said, I'm going to be heading out for a while. Such a beautiful day ... it's a shame to waste it by sitting indoors! (Even if it is the NFL Draft.) However, I'll still have the radio on as I'm out with the family, so I'll have some more thoughts on the draft when I get home -- especially once they get around to the Seahawks' pick (estimated to be around 5 p.m.).
And, no, there is no new news on Darrell Jackson.
Labels: NFL, NFL Draft
I'd feel bad for Brady Quinn if he wasn't going to make millions
Broncos just traded up for Jacksonville's pick. Gotta wonder: Are they trading down because they know Cincinnati, Tennessee and the Giants will certainly not take Quinn?
In my mind, Quinn's the guy they gotta get. Byron Leftwich's future is questionable -- one year left on his contract -- and David Garrard was incredibly underwhelming, to say the least. Jack Del Rio is a defensive coach, but there's no way they can pass on a guy like Quinn.
Posted by Nuss at 12:23 PM 0 comments
Is it possible Houston screwed up two years in a row?
I'm going to forgo the pick-by-pick analysis for the rest of the draft, and instead offer up some thoughts as they come to me:
It seems the Houston Texans have gone the way of the NBA with their pick of Amobi Okoye out of Louisville. Scouts are enamored with his potential. He was a nice player this year for the Cardinals, but one has to wonder if he'd be the No. 10 overall pick if he wasn't 19 years old and the word "upside" wasn't so closely attached to his name. If the Texans' defense doesn't show some dramatic improvement this year with Mario Williams in his second year at defensive end and Okoye in the middle, the Texans will soon be mentioned in the same breath as the Lions and Browns and historically inept franchises. This is a big gamble pick.
Finally, a trade. The Jets move up to get Darelle Rivas out of Pitt at No. 14, and paid a pretty price to do it. They gave up their 1st, 2nd and 5th round picks to get Carolina's 1st and 6th. That guy better be a starter right away, and better make that defense a heck of a lot better from day one to justify that trade. That said, the Jets have a good track record going for them -- eight of their 10 picks last year ended up as starters or backups. So it's a young team anyway, one that probably can afford to give a pick to get the guy it wants.
Fifteen picks off the board, Brady Quinn still sitting uncomfortably in the green room. When are these guys going to get smart and decline the green room invitations? Just stay home with family and friends. So you miss out on coming up on stage, putting on a hat and holding up a jersey? Oh well -- at least you're not staring vacantly at the stage with each pick that passes and your name's not called ...
Oh, and I think Jacksonville's staff actually will crap themselves if Quinn falls all the way to them at 17.
Still no more word on Darrell Jackson.
Posted by Nuss at 11:46 AM 0 comments
First nine picks in the book; only one big surprise
So, this pretty much has been the most boring first eight picks in a while; no trades and no controversy, as not even Matt Millen could screw up the second pick. Then ... the shocker. Here's my take on the first nine from a casual outsider's perspective. Bear in mind, I'm no Mel Kiper Jr.
OAKLAND RAIDERS: JaMarcus Russell, QB, LSU -- The Raiders really had no choice here, but count me among those that aren't sold on Russell's ability to be a franchise quarterback. Yes, he has all the measurables, including arm strength that makes scouts drool. But how many of the top QBs in the NFL have what we would classify as "superior" arm strength? Skill from the head up (a la Matt Leinart) is more important to me -- especially when the quarterback is going to a franchise that's been positively horrific at developing QBs. They say he has the best arm strength of anyone in the NFL the day he steps on a field; that's what they said about Jeff George, too.
DETROIT LIONS: Calvin Johnson, WR, Georgia Tech -- Best player in the draft, hands down. The guy is a flat-out freak, and Matt Millen might not have screwed up for once. Yes, this pick seems odd because it's the fourth time in five years the Lions have selected a WR in the first round, but this was the right pick. This guy is a once-in-a-generation talent at WR -- he's that good. The Raiders could have had him had they not screwed up last year by not taking Matt Leinart. I'm a little surprised they didn't consider taking Brady Quinn here, but Johnson is too good to pass up.
CLEVELAND BROWNS: Joe Thomas, OT, Wisconsin -- Bryce Fisher made an interesting point on the radio this morning: When was the last time you can remember a highly touted Wisconsin offensive lineman living up to his billing? They pretty much fall into the same category as Oregon quarterbacks these days. The Browns needed offensive line help, and decided to pass up Quinn and Adrian Peterson in the process. Pretty baffling, if you ask me. I know O-line is important, but this is a team pretty devoid of offensive skill players. Reuben Droughns spent much of last year injured, and Jerome Harrison -- as much as I love the former Coug -- is never going to be an every down back. Curious choice to me for a team with a ton of holes.
TAMPA BAY BUCCANEERS: Gaines Adamas, DE, Clemson -- I can just see the scowl on Jon Gruden's face now. No Calvin Johnson, no Joe Thomas ... no offensive player for the Bucs. Chucky has to be losing his mind. Fortunately for him, I think they got the second-best player in the draft. Adams fits perfectly into Tampa's speed-oriented system on defense, and I'd look for him to be in the Pro Bowl sooner rather than later.
ARIZONA CARDINALS: Levi Brown, OT, Penn State -- First pick that's generally considered a reach, but I don't see how the Cardinals had a choice. They had to get O-line help, and there really wasn't a groundswell of teams trying to trade up, given that each had pretty specific needs that didn't really overlap. Solid pick for the Cardinals, even if they'll have to overpay for his talent to get him into camp because he's a No. 5 pick.
WASHINGTON REDSKINS: LaRon Landry, S, LSU -- Their defense was horrific last year. They don't need a running back, and, if they think Jason Campbell is going to be a good one, they don't need a quarterback. So the best defensive back on the board makes sense.
MINNESOTA VIKINGS: Adrian Peterson, RB, Oklahoma -- The Vikings have to be doing backflips that this guy fell into their lap. He immediately becomes their best offensive player the day he steps into camp. Chester Taylor was a nice player for them last year, but made it pretty obvious he wasn't ready to be an every-down back after spending his first four seasons as a backup. Peterson gives them an instant playmaker who should experience success right away behind a pretty darn good offensive line. They could have gone with Quinn here, but I think Peterson was too good of a talent to pass up.
ATLANTA FALCONS: Jamaal Anderson, DE, Arkansas -- Another good fit pick. Falcons lost Patrick Kerney to the Seahawks; Falcons get strong replacement in the draft. The thing that struck me was some of the video they showed of him after the pick. I know they only pick the best plays, but man, he made some offensive lineman look baaaaaad. Brady Quinn still on the board.
MIAMI DOLPHINS: Ted Ginn Jr., WR, Ohio State -- The first shocker of the draft. And when we say shocker, we mean it in the most extreme sense of the word. A lot of people had Ginn going as late as the end of the first round. While his speed is unbelievable, there are questions about his durability and his ability to do more than run fast in a straight line. What will make this even more interesting is whether this prompts some of the trading that is the trademark of the NFL Draft. Will a team that needs a young quarterback suddenly try to angle for Quinn, who the Dolphins inexplicably passed on?
All right, that's it for now. I'll check back in periodically, as the annual QB-sliding-down-the-draft-board watch continues. Still no new news on D-Jack. We've got our eyes and ears peeled ...
I'll be posting periodically throughout the day with thoughts on the draft, as the Raiders are now on the clock. I'll also be keeping an eye on the latest on the Darrell Jackson situation, which you can find on Mike Sando's awesome Seahawks Insider blog.
Labels: NFL, Seahawks
Today marks the most-read day in the history of Hangin' With The Nuss, and I just want to take a moment to thank all of you who have made this site more of a success than I ever could have imagined when I put this blog together about a year ago.
We had more than 100 page views today and more than 60 unique visitors -- modest statistics by the standards of a lot of other sites, but it represents a huge increase in our readership in just the past couple of months. In fact, this has been the most read week in the history of the blog as well, with more than 400 page loads and 300 unique visitors.
So, thanks for reading, and I hope to have you back often because that means you like what I'm doing. And, as usual, I'm always looking for thoughts and suggestions. You can e-mail me here, or feel free to leave a comment.
And if you're wondering what's on tap tomorrow, we'll have some draft coverage -- including thoughts on a potential Darrell Jackson trade to the 49ers -- my take on the debacle the Sonics are becoming, and maybe even a little Mariners, who won their fourth in a row tonight.
So, remember that little post yesterday where I wondered aloud how it was even remotely possible that someone could even consider a shameless self-promoter might actually fake something like a bloody sock in the playoffs?
I'll give you one guess who's using the "story that won't die" to drive traffic to his blog, 38 pitches.com. After spitting his vitriol at everyone from Gary Thorne to any media outlet that picked up the story, Red Light Curt had this to say:
"So for one of the first times this blog serves one of the purposes I'd hoped it would if the need arose. The media hacked and spewed their way to a day or two of stories that had zero basis in truth. A story fabricated by the media, for the media. The best part was that instead of having to sit through a litany of interviews to 'defend' myself, or my teammates, I got to do that here."
That's beautiful, Curt. Please, do us all a favor and stay as far away from any camera that comes your way, so you don't have to put up with the big bad media that built your silly bloody sock into an American legend in the first place.
We bet you a million bucks you can't.
Labels: Baseball, Media Coverage
Why this three-game win streak doesn't have me much encouraged
This is a post I've been working on for a few days now, so don't take it as a reaction to the Mariners' recently completed two-game mini sweep of the A's. I'm as ecstatic as the next M's fan that the team was able to salvage this road trip with three consecutive wins.
While it's great that they get to hang around the top of the worst division in the majors for the time being, but I'm seeing a lot of disturbing things that make me wonder how long this can last.
It's a long post, but if you hang around, I think it'll be worth your while.
Ted Williams' first commandment of hitting is "Get a good pitch to hit." It seems so simple -- you increase your chances of hitting a ball well if you swing at a pitch that you can handle in the strike zone -- yet the Mariners completely fail to grasp this concept. Common sense also tells you that the more pitches you see every time you come up to bat, the more likely you are to get a good one to hit.
Most of the Mariners hitters seem to have missed this lesson somewhere in Little League. As it turns out, the perception that the Mariners do not have patient hitters is an absolutely correct one, and probably the biggest reason to be pessimistic about this team's long-term chances this year.
The stat people point to most often as evidence of the Mariners' lack of patience is the team's on-base percentage (OBP), which is tied for last in the American League at .304. (For comparison purposes, that would be like having a batting average of .200.) The Mariners have just 33 walks in 17 games -- on pace for roughly 314 walks this season. For another comparison, consider that the next closest team in walks -- the Minnesota Twins -- are on pace for 434. The Chicago White Sox, currently leading the league, are on pace for 720.
What does that mean? If you just look at the raw numbers, the White Sox will get roughly 400 more free base runners this year than the Mariners will. That works out to about two or three more base runners per game -- two or three more guys who potentially could come around to score.
But walks alone don't tell the whole story. After all, if you use your patience to get a good pitch, as Williams suggested, then punish the ball -- as Williams often did -- you can put up great offensive numbers without huge walk numbers. There are numerous examples this year of teams scoring lots of runs without great walk numbers; for example, two of the top three AL teams in runs scored (Devil Rays, Tigers) are middle of the pack in OBP.
The problem is that the Mariners don't really do that, either, and here's a big reason why: The Mariners see the fewest pitches per plate appearance (P/PA) of any team in the majors.
On average, the Mariners see 3.61 pitches per plate appearance. The league average is 3.80, and Cleveland leads the AL at 4.04. What does that mean? Since the average team has about 42 plate appearances in the average game, the average team sees about 160 pitches per game. The problem is that because the M's take so few walks, they have much fewer plate appearances than other teams -- they only get about 36 plate appearances per game so far this year. That means the M's only see about 130 pitches a game.
Think about that:
That's 30 fewer opportunities for a pitcher to make a mistake that a hitter can hit;
Thirty fewer pitches a pitching staff has to throw over the course of a particular game, allowing opponents to use fewer pitchers and keep their best pitchers in longer;
And roughly 90 fewer pitches over the course of a series that an opponent has to throw, allowing them not to have to burn up their bullpen.
Remember, we're only talking about the average here. That, my friends, is what we call HUGE, and it's supported by this study by Dan Fox over at The Hardball Times.
While Fox notes that it's possible to be successful and see a relatively few number of pitches per at bat -- Vladimir Guerrero, Nomar Garciaparra and Vernon Wells were notable in his study with P/PA of less than 3.4 -- he found that there was a strong correlation between offensive production and P/PA, particularly when it came to OPS (OBP plus slugging percentage, a good indicator of an individual's overall offensive contribution to a team). He notes that while high P/PA is no guarantee of success, it certainly helps.
Casual observers probably would classify the M's lineup as being full of "aggressive" hitters. As Fox showed, it's not bad in and of itself to be an aggressive hitter. However, only very good hitters can get away with being overly aggressive, occasionally swinging at pitches outside of the strike zone.
The problem comes when marginal hitters become overly aggressive. Then you become a hacker, flailing away at any pitch that comes anywhere near the strike zone -- the biggest problem for the Mariners, as anyone who's watched them for any amount of time would attest. In the latter circumstance, you're not likely to hit balls hard -- quite the contrary, you're more likely to swing at a pitch outside of the strike zone and get yourself out.
The moral of the story as it applies to the M's?
A team can get away with having a handful of hackers, but the Mariners' lineup is stacked with them. The only two players on the Mariners' roster who see above the league average in P/PA are Ichiro and (proving that high P/PA is no guarantee of success) Richie Sexson. The other seven guys qualify as hackers -- and that includes reputed "patient" hitter Jose Vidro, who saw just 3.5 P/PA the last two years.
The reality is that any one of these hitters might be a very nice cog in another lineup. Unfortunately, this Mariners lineup is the baseball equivalent of "bad chemistry" in basketball or football -- it's a bad combination of hitters that, together, are going to have an extremely difficult time being productive.
Incidentally, this is something that General Manager Bill Bavasi should have seen coming, and yet another example of why he's so very inept at what he does. The M's offense was supposed to be improved, and if you simply look at the addition of numbers like home runs and average from the new players, it is.
But look deeper at additions such as Vidro and Jose Guillen -- each 3.5 P/PA the last two years -- to a lineup that already was filled with impatient hitters, and you've got a lineup that, on the whole, is not improved.
And, I'm sorry to tell you that it probably won't improve, either -- these guys are all just doing what they've done throughout their career.
That was sooooooo 2004 ... why are we going there again?
We'll just go ahead and call this the stupidest story that won't go away.
Curt Schilling's "bloody" sock from the 2004 postseason is once again a topic of conversation thanks to this off-hand remark by broadcaster Gary Thorne during last night's Red Sox broadcast:
"The great story we were talking about the other night was that famous red stocking that he wore when they finally won, the blood on his stocking," Thorne told broadcast partner and Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer.
"Nah," Thorne said. "It was painted. Doug Mirabelli confessed up to it after. It was all for PR. Two-ball, two-strike count."
Two innings later, according to media reports, Thorne explained Mirabelli had told him the story "a couple of years ago."
"Go ask him [Mirabelli]," Thorne said.
Of course, Mirabelli denied ever having such a conversation -- even using a four-letter word, just for emphasis -- and Schilling and his manager each displayed the appropriate amount of righteous indignation at the prospect that the great self-promoter Curt Schilling would ever even consider doing such a thing.
But rather than try to get to the bottom of whether Schilling actually was bleeding on that night two-and-a-half years ago, I think I've got a better question:
WHY IS THIS STILL A STORY?
Can't we just call up the guys at CSI or something to test the silly thing for blood so this story will go away once and for all? We're not talking about the Shroud of Turin, here; we're talking about a dang sock. The silly thing is in the Hall of Fame. Besides, if he was bleeding, good for him for pitching through the pain of ankle surgery. If he wasn't bleeding, well, I'm sure he was in no less pain.
Oh, and when I put "bloody" in quotation marks above, it wasn't meant to imply that I agree with Thorne. Really, it wasn't. Far be it from me to "hit below the belt," as Terry Francona put it. I don't need to -- that's why we've got Dan Shaughnessy.
I'll be heading out for the night, so I might be able to get a post up later tonight, but I'll probably just save it for tomorrow. Be looking for those Sonics and Mariners posts sometime around mid-day tomorrow.
Until then, enjoy the Mariners trying to figure out a way to beat a team that missing roughly 50 percent of its run production tonight.
Follow up on Abbott: Cougs likely won't use scholarship
Just to tag on to the Abbott post from this morning, Glen Kasses of The Spokesman-Review believes that it's now pretty unlikely the Cougars will use the scholarship the team had set aside for Abbott when a pair of players decided to transfer.
There's not a great crop of JC talent out there right now, so unless an international player or a high schooler comes along in the near future I don't know that WSU will fill this last spot. (Certainly, they shouldn't need another guy to fill the rotation for next season if they think there's someone better out there in '08.)
Having said that, though, this Cougar staff has a history of bringing guys into the fold pretty late, with Chris Matthews and Nikola Koprivica two prime examples from the last two years. So we'll see what happens.
He also notes that losing Abbott to ASU is not a huge blow, but could have been had he picked UW over the Cougs, just from a recruiting perception standpoint. It's hard to get too disappointed when a kid decides to stay home and play in front of family, and Herb Sendek is obvsiously making some inroads at ASU.
Labels: College Basketball, UW Huskies, WSU Cougars
What to expect today, and a quick note for UW and WSU fans
I'll have a pair of posts up at some point today, one outlining the source of the Mariners' offensive futility, the other my thoughts on the Sonics' overhaul of the front office.
In the meantime, here's this little tidbit for UW and WSU basketball fans: Highly regarded Phoenix-area guard Ty Abbott (right), who the Cougars and Huskies had been recruiting heavily since he was released from his letter of intent to New Mexico, has settled on hometown Arizona State, according to the East Valley Tribune.
At one point, this had been billed as the first major recruiting battle between WSU coach Tony Bennett and UW coach Lorenzo Romar. As it turned out, neither got their man.
This marks the first time UW hasn't lost to WSU in more than two years.
(Just had to get that in there.)
Labels: Miscellaneous Blog Stuff, UW Huskies, WSU Cougars
Mariners fans get to enjoy a win for another 24 hours
Thanks to threats of torrential rains and tornadoes, we all get to celebrate a one-game sweep of the Texas Rangers.
But if you're like me, you need a little more than that to get excited on the heels of a six-game losing streak. And I didn't see a lot last night that has me fired up and anticipating a plethora of wins on the horizon.
Since I've been such a negative nancy lately, let's start with the things that I thought were positive:
How about the performance of Brandon Morrow. Wow! That kid was absolutely lights out. And while there still obviously is considerable disagreement about whether the majors is the right place for his long-term potential as a dominant starter -- nobody is drafted No. 5 overall and given a $2.5 million signing bonus to become a one-pitch power arm in the bullpen -- one can hardly argue that he's one of the biggest reasons the M's won that game yesterday.
His fastball was absolutely electric -- Mike Blowers described it as a fastball "with afterburners." It's the kind of pitch that jumps on a hitter. Did you see the look on Ian Kinsler's face when he struck out on that 97 mph gas? He was absolutely stupified. The closest comparison to that pitch I can come up with is Mark Prior's "easy cheese." (Hopefully, that's where the comparisons end, however).
He still doesn't really have any effective offspeed pitches -- the main reason most people want him back in the minors -- but, for now, he's having positive experiences in the majors, something I think none of us should sneeze at. I'm really, really interested to see how Hargrove uses him over the next few weeks. I'll be the first to say Hargrove has used him poorly, at least if he wants to try and help him develop while in the bigs. He's got to use Morrow more effectively than this, and in turn it's got to be helping the team win. If neither of those is happening, I'll be first in line to tell the M's to ship him to AA.
I'll admit -- I'm never going to be Ichiro's biggest fan. I often ask people when was the last time they can remember being able to point to a game and say, "Ichiro really was the difference in that game for us. Without him, we never could have won." Then I take joy in watching their face contort as they struggle to come up with an example.
Well, that question now sucks thanks to Ichiro's singlehanded dominance of the Rangers yesterday. Even though he never crossed the plate himself, he came up with the biggest hit of the game. It wasn't just that it scored the majority of the M's runs -- it came at the most opportune time against a pitcher who had shut down the Mariners so far in his two appearances (Kevin Millwood) and it was precisely the kind of clutch hit the M's have been missing most of the year, the one that buries a team.
I still am disappointed that his running game seems to have been left somewhere across the Pacific before the season started -- he didn't even attempt to steal second in either of the two at bats following his infield single in the third inning, despite there being a runner on third -- but tough to complain much about this one. He came up with the huge hit when we needed it.
Oh, and fun fact of the night: Ichiro has the highest slugging percentage of any of the regulars -- .532. I'm not sure whether to be excited or horrified by that.
Now, for the not so good ...
I'm coming to believe that there is no greater exercise in frustration than watching Mariners hitters. One of these days, I'm going to sit down for an entire game and chart how often they actually swing at strikes. Anecdotally, it's a heck of a lot of the time -- check out this post at Lookout Landing where Jeff got a screen shot of one of Sexson's at bats. It's almost comical.
There is just absolutely no plate discipline on this team, and it will absolutely kill Seattle long term. I'm going to get more in depth on this in a post tomorrow, so be on the lookout for that one.
For those calling for Cha Seung Baek's call-up since Jeff Weaver's first miserable outing, you finally got your wish. The results were mixed. Baek looked pretty good through the first three innings, but was fooling nobody after that. He got drilled in the fourth after the team handed him a four-run lead, as even the outs were hit hard, and he couldn't make it out of the fifth.
His stuff looked mediocre, and it seemed like it was only a matter of time until he started to get hit. You've got to be especially good with your location when you're topping out on the gun at 85-87 mph, and Baek wasn't. Maybe it was nerves, but I didn't see anything to inspire that he'd be a long-term solution in that No. 5 slot this season.
Bring on the A's. They suck as bad as we do, and they're hurt all over the place. Better make hay now.
... but date night with my wife comes first! Grandma's got the kid, so we're on our way to dinner. I'll finish up my thoughts from last night's game when I get home. Until then, enjoy ... uh ... whatever it is you enjoy doing on a Tuesday night other than reading this blog!
The passing of David Halberstam yesterday marks the end of what was one of the most influential journalism careers of the last half century -- possible ever.
What made Halberstam so special? One could point to any number of contributions to America, starting with his reporting on the Vietnam War for the New York Times in the early 1960s in which he worked so hard to tell the truth that President Kennedy tried (unsuccessfully) to have him removed from the combat beat.
He won a Pulitzer Prize for his work, and over the next four decades, he would write nearly two dozen books, on topics ranging from war to Michael Jordan. His writing always made his readers think, even if what he had to say often was uncomfortable to hear. But then again, what journalist is doing his or her job if they're not bringing uncomfortable facts to light?
What I will remember and miss most about Halberstam is that he truly was one of the most gifted writers I ever had the pleasure to read. In an industry where the writing has increasingly become more and more bland as we crunch things up into bite-sized chunks for easy consumption, Halberstam's ability to incorporate powerful prose into his narratives was a breath of fresh air for those of us who still value quality writing.
They just don't make 'em like that anymore. Aspiring journalists would do well to read his work and learn what they can from a true master of the craft.
Outside of his books, Halberstam wrote a series of columns for ESPN's Page 2 in 2000-2001. Here are some of my favorites.
Sports can distract, but they don't heal -- Sports in the aftermath of 9/11
One splendid day -- 12 hours with Ted Williams
In admiration of Allen Iverson
Tributes by others:
A tribute to my hero, by Jim Caple (ESPN.com)
Greatest journalist of my lifetime, by Peter Gammons (ESPN.com)
A reporter's memories of David Halberstam, NPR
One of a kind, by Frank Deford (Sports Illustrated)
David Halberstam index at the New York Times
Labels: Media Coverage
I've got a lot of things on my mind today, from the performance of Brandon Morrow (unbelievable) to the performance of the offense (still lacking) to the passing of one of the most influential journalists of the 20th century (deeply saddening).
Unfortunately, a crazy busy morning is preventing me from writing, so I won't be posting until this afternoon. Check back then.
Some not-so-random thoughts on the Mariners heading into Texas
Since we can't readily change the players involved in this latest stretch of Mariner ineptitude -- at least not in a way that's likely to change the results on the field -- the ire of Mariners fans everywhere has turned to the two most high-profile candidates: Manager Mike Hargrove and GM Bill Bavasi.
You already know how this blogger feels about Hargrove -- and that was before the sweep at the hands of the Angels, for which I think Hargrove was largely blameless -- but Bavasi seems to be drawing the most fire as of late. As late as this morning, I wasn't sure what good getting rid of Bavasi right now would do; after all, there's not really a blockbuster trade out there to be made that's going to make this team appreciably better.
But I think I've come around to the dark side -- with one caveat. His replacement has to come from outside the organization.
What this organization needs is a shake-up from a forward thinker not tied to current personnel and unafraid to cast off ineffective players, a la Tim Ruskell with the Seahawks. Promoting from within -- which (shockingly) it sounds like the organization probably would do, according to Times writer Geoff Baker (it's at the end of the post) -- makes absolutely no sense. If they're already in the organization, and they're hired on an interim basis, all they're likely to do is continue business as usual.
I mean, seriously: If I'm hired for a job that I know is a tryout, am I likely to make a lot of bold moves, the kind that might actually produce some real results? No way. I'm playing it safe while trying to convince Chuck and Howard I deserve the gig long term.
Replacing Bavasi immediately with an outsider might actually lead to some of the following long overdue moves:
Firing Hargrove.
Designating Julio Mateo for assignment and replacing him with an arm such as Sean Green or John Huber. Neither could do worse than an overweight sloth who now has allowed all five runners he's inherited this year to score.
Moving Jeff Weaver to the bullpen as a situational righty and replacing him in the rotation permanently with Cha Seung Baek. Last season, righties had an OPS roughly 250 points lower against Weaver than lefties. A bullpen move might also improve his velocity. If he doesn't like it, release him or trade him and eat the salary.
Hiring a manager that might actually realize that 1) Putting a slow guy who hits groundballs in roughly 50 percent of his at bats in the No. 3 hole is a bad idea; 2) Using your bullpen in the most effective way possible in any given situation is a good idea; 3) Allowing lefty Ben Broussard -- .848 OPS against righties last year -- to play in place of Vidro or Jose Guillen (.162 average, .189 slugging against righties this season) from time to time is a good idea; and 4) Convincing Ichiro at all costs that stealing 50 bases -- something the team needs for it to win, but something he won't ever do if he only attempts one stolen base every 14 games -- is a good idea. (By the way, congrats, Ichiro on that one steal. We'll celebrate the next one sometime in May.)
I think you see what I'm driving at here. An immediate move also would give the new GM ample time to become familiar with the organization heading into what is likely to be the biggest firesale this team has seen in some time.
You might as well get used to the fact that Ichiro is leaving, people, and I'd rather not have the guy who traded away Freddy Garcia for Jeremy Reed (back to AAA after flaming out in the majors), Mike Morse (still in AAA) and Miguel Olivo (cut loose after two miserable half seasons and now fairly productive with the Florida Marlins) making the deal that could either net some serious major league talent or set the organization back years. (I could have picked any number of bad deals Bavasi has made, by the way, but that's the biggest midseason deal he's made.)
The next GM should not have to spend all of next offseason trying repair any more damage done by the Bavasi's latest botched deals. So let's get on with it already, and get this franchise finally moving in the right direction.
Other things of note heading into tonight's game:
Cha Seung Baek is officially going to start tonight's game. MLB.com's Jim Street says it's not yet known what move the team will make to make room for him, since it's apparently unlikely Felix Hernandez will be heading to the DL. UPDATE: Felix is on the DL, reported first by Geoff Baker. No other moves.
Gotta love things in A's land. Pitcher Brad Halsey is ripping the organization after not being called up to make a start. Said Halsey, who apparently might be heading for some arm problems, "It's all just a business decision, because if I came up and pitched Tuesday and then had an MRI and had to go on the DL, they'd have to pay me major-league DL money. It's such a mom-and-pop organization." A mom-and-pop organization that advanced to the postseason five times in the last seven years, racking up four division championships along the way. Why can't we get a mom-and-pop organization around here? Really?
The News Tribune's Dave Boling likes what he hears from Mike Blowers as the color analyst on TV broadcasts, and so far I have to agree: "he’s got a cadence that suits baseball, and his delivery has a homespun, summer-evening-on-the-porch tone. It’s a little as if they’d brought into the booth the guy in the Motel 6 ads who used to promise to 'leave the light on for you.' Pretty clean and straightforward." I'll admit, just about anything would have been an improvement over Dave Henderson and Dave Valle, but Blowers shows some real potential to be one of the better ones in the game.
That's it for now. I'll check back in hopefully later tonight to break down the game that hopefully ends this dreadful losing streak.
This has now become the worst possible scenario for everyone involved with the Mariners -- from the front office on down to the fans.
The M's just put the finishing touches on their sixth straight defeat -- dropping them from first place to last place in less than a week -- and it wasn't exactly the kind of performance that inspires confidence that things are going to get any better anytime soon. Another inept performance from a starting pitcher. Another misearable showing by the offense, which didn't even put together the too-little-too-late rally that has inflated its statistics as of late.
How bad have the starters been? In this six-game losing streak, every starter has started one game except Jeff Weaver, who started two. Only Jarrod Washburn even came close to mustering a "quality start," giving up four runs only after the bullpen move that shall not be named. All told, the revamped starting rotation compiled a whopping 10.17 ERA.
Say what you will about the offense -- and it has been putrid, late-inning "comebacks" be darned -- but hitting against a starter with the confidence of a lead vs. hitting against a starter in a tight game can make life difficult on hitters.
I suppose you could make the same argument in reverse, that the hitters' futility (well documented here before Saturday's game by Times writer Geoff Baker) is putting undue stress on the pitchers, but it's my belief that it's a pitcher's job to give his team a chance to win -- not the other way around. In a game where hitters fail more than seven out of every 10 times they come to the plate, sometimes it takes time to get things rolling. Pitchers must give their hitters a chance to win a game for them.
The scary part for the M's? They're going to be trying to break this losing streak likely by sending Cha Seung Baek to the hill on Monday (in Arlington) in lieu of potential streak stopper Felix Hernandez, who's on the shelf for at least one start. Yes, Baek is pitching well at AAA and was 2-0 with a 1.32 ERA in a pair of late season starts against the Rangers, but do you really want to pin your hopes of getting this streak stopped on a guy who's basically just got six meaningless starts at the end of last year to his resume?
About the only thing I couldn't complain too much about was, believe it or not, the managing of Mike Hargrove -- who seems to sense the urgency of the situation, even if his players don't.
Pinch hitting Ben Broussard late in the game Saturday was a great move -- this blogger would love to see him in the line-up occasionally against more righties to add some sock. His flexible use of the bullpen Saturday (yanking Mateo in favor of Eric O'Flaherty, who turned in a strong two-inning stint, and bringing in Putz in the eighth to keep the team at a one-run deficit) also was a step in the right direction.
And yanking Jeff Weaver after just 3 innings, 3 runs and 68 pitches on Sunday?
"He'd given up seven hits and three runs in three innings and I didn't see it getting any better,'' Hargrove said. "And the way we've been going and scoring runs late, I just didn't want to put the ballclub in the hole any more than we already were that early in the game.''
I love it. It sends a clear message to the team: Perform, or we'll find someone who can. I still don't trust that if this team was average that Hargrove could put it over the top, but I can't place much blame on him for what happened in Anaheim. That's all on his players.
Interestingly, Baker's reporting that there are rumors of an extension for Hargrove. Don't read too much into it -- Bob Melvin got an extension right before he got fired, and Baker's also reporting that if this current trend of losing continues, management won't be afraid to let some heads roll.
This is now an absolutely critical juncture. The team goes for two in Texas and two in Oakland, and if they lose three of four to end the road trip -- falling farther back in an AL West race that is still within reach -- I wouldn't be surprised to see Hargove and GM Bill Bavasi gone. Attendance has been dwindling to levels not seen in Safeco Field's history -- April or not -- and coming home to face the Royals with new leadership might be management's way to try and show fans that it's not going to stand by and watch the team lose.
Until then, well ... in Baek we trust.
Four in a row ... and this one wasn't Hargrove's fault
I didn't get to catch much of the game last night outside of highlights, but I'm with Hargrove on this one: He's simply got to get more consistency out of his starting pitchers. Miguel Batista can't go out and give up 8 runs in 4.2 innings one outing, 3 runs in 6.2 innings the next, and 6 runs in 6 innings the next.
Batista chalked it up somewhat to luck, kinda like Jeff Weaver. I'm not buying it. These guys have got to figure out a way to bring something more substantial each time out. And the offense has got to quit waiting until about the seventh inning to decide it wants to do something. Statistically, that offense is looking better, but only because of production in too little, too late situations.
If the M's are serious about contending, they really need to end this skid with a pair of wins to take this series.
And for goodness sake, don't throw a pitch to Vlad Guerrero that doesn't bounce in the dirt or hit him in the back. Please.
The beauty of sports: Bringing a community together
I've had the privilege a few times in my life of watching a sports team bring a community together in a way that just otherwise would not have been possible -- the 1995 Mariners, 1997 Cougars and 2005 Seahawks all come to mind.
But it's inspiring when sports do even more than that -- when they help a community heal.
That's what's happening in Blacksburg, Va., as we speak.
About a half an hour ago, students at Virginia Tech continued the process of returning some semblance of normalcy when their Hokies took the baseball field against Miami. While the result of the game will be insignificant, getting together with other hurting people will help the healing process.
I vividly remember the first Mariners game I went to after 9/11, and the surprising comfort I found being in the presence of 45,000 other Americans, doing something other than mourning. I'm guessing Virginia Tech students will feel the same way, even if it's only a few hundred.
The killer would have wanted the community to remain in a perpetual state of mourning. Good on the Hokies for honoring the victims by competing in their memory.
Labels: College Sports
OK, I relent -- after sweep, it's time for Hargrove to go
I probably had to be one of the few people in Seattle who didn't think Mike Hargrove did all that bad of job with the Mariners last year. It's not that I ever really defended him, as I'd wish aloud that he'd mix up the lineup a little more, or play matchups a little more. But all in all, I felt like he did a pretty decent job with a team with pretty limited talent.
Was he great? By no means. But I don't think he screwed up the season, either.
Well, now it's 2007, and after this past series -- in which the Mariners got swept at least in part due to incompetent managing -- I'm starting to come around to the logic of the Hargrove Haters.
Whether it's a baseball manager or a football or basketball coach, all we fans really ask is for the guys leading to put our teams in the best possible situation to win. After that, it's on the players to execute.
I'm becoming ever less confident that Hargrove can do this after watching him botch this series.
I was going to spend a lot of time here breaking down why Hargrove's use of Julio Mateo in yesterday's game was a vast miscalculation, but somebody else already did it, and probably a lot better than I could have. Instead, I'll keep it short. (Kudos, USS Mariner. If you're not familiar with the situation, jump over there, check it out, then come back. I'll wait.)
My/USS Mariner logic -- thinking with numbers.
This is the most important point in the game. Period. You can look at "game leverage" numbers at USS Mariner if you like that kind of stuff, or you can just use common sense to come to the conclusion that bases loaded in a one-run game in the seventh with Johan Santana opposing you is the most important point in the game, since you're not real likely to score any more runs off of him.
If it's the most important point in the game, we can assume it's a good idea to go to the best reliever available for the situation.
If we assume righty on righty (and given Sherrill's struggles), that leaves Mateo, Reitsma and Morrow. Forgetting the fact that Morrow is made of glass (as Hargrove's use of him this year would lead you to believe), he's a lifetime starter who might not have the best success coming into a mid-inning, bases-loaded jam. So that leaves Mateo and Reitsma.
Coming into the game, Mateo had induced ground balls on just 16 percent of the batters he faced in 2007. Reitsma? He induces ground balls 46.7 percent of the time. (The Major League Average is roughly 40 percent.) In fact, Mateo has never exceeded the MLB average for ground ball percentage IN HIS CAREER. Never even come close. Conversely, Reitsma has never fallen below the average -- posting a 50.6 ground ball percentage throughout his career.
Just to make the point clear: Bring in Reitsma, you've got a roughly 50/50 chance he induces a ground ball. Bring in Mateo, you've got a 15 percent chance he gets a ground ball -- or, more striking, an 85 percent chance the batter hits a line drive or a fly ball. To make it painfully clear: Even if Mateo gets an out, he's MUCH more likely to give up at least one run (base hit, sac fly) than not.
My decision: Bring in Reitsma to shut down the threat, deal with the consequences later. If he gets a double play -- again, he has a roughly 50 percent chance of doing that -- he can come back and pitch the eighth, too. If he doesn't and throws 15-25 pitches, you bring in Mateo or Morrow to pitch a full inning, bringing in Sherrill to face a lefty that inning if the situation requires.
The logical conclusion seems obvious to me, but is lost on Grover. Then again, he's got a pretty good history in just the last week of not putting his team in situations to succeed:
Horacio Ramirez is a groundball pitcher (56 percent this year) -- that's why the M's acquired him, giving up their second-best bullpen arm in the process. Curiously, his start on Sunday is the day Hargrove chooses to give Yuniesky Betancourt his first game off of the year and plug in Willie Bloomquist, who, through no fault of his own, is a fraction of the defender. Bloomquist goes 0-for-3 and oh, by the way, makes a throwing error. (Good thing the other M's scored 14 runs.)
Going right in line with his usual reluctance to change his daily lineup, Hargrove decides to start lefty Ben Broussard on Wednesday against righty Carlos Silva only when Jose Guillen is a late scratch with a sore ankle and hand. (Broussard had a career .333 average in 36 at bats against Silva coming into the game, by the way.) That might have worked on the '97 Indians, but this is most definitely not the '97 Indians.
With the M's down two runs and the potentially game-tying run on first in Adrian Beltre in that same game, Hargrove elects not to put Bloomquist -- the team's best baserunner -- in as a pinch runner. Beltre ends up being thrown out by 10 feet at home trying to score on a misplayed single. Bloomquist might not have scored, but I like his chances a lot better, don't you?
Stuff such as this is irritating me more than ever this year. Why? Because the last two years the team was virtually talentless, and it really didn't much matter what Hargrove did, they were going to lose anyway. Making the right decision in any of the previous situations might not have guaranteed wins, but it's that little stuff that adds up eventually -- it's how guys like Tony LaRussa and Joe Torre (a vastly underrated manager) have consistently won, LaRussa often with mediocre talent throughout his roster.
This team has at least some potential. Is this team a World Series contender? No way. But could a competent manager squeeze five or six more wins out of this squad and keep it in contention for a playoff spot, especially in a division that is shaping up to be the worst in the American League?
That's why it's time for Hargrove to go before he screws up more games -- before it's just too late for a team with limited ability to crawl out of a five or six game hole when the A's go on their patented summer run. We need a manager who can figure out a way to squeeze out some of those wins -- not hold the team back with by-the-book managing.
We need Joe Girardi, who did precisely that with the Marlins last year.
The time to make that move is now, when we're still at or near the top of the division -- not once we've gone on the inevitable slide that has to be coming. (The one that we hopefully aren't already in the middle of.)
"Good" news on Felix ... for now; check back in five days
In contrast to last night, that sound you hear today is Seattle collectively exhaling.
The official word from Dr. Khalfayan, arm guru of the Seattle Mariners, is that Felix Hernandez has a flexor-pronator strain. The good news is that it sounds a lot worse than it is. He'll lay off the throwing for about five days, then be re-evaluated.
"That's as good a news as you can get from an elbow injury," the doctor told reporters.
We're probably looking at 10-20 days to come back, and two to four missed starts. Not what we all were hoping for coming into the year, having Felix essentially miss 3-5 turns while the team is trying to get off to a solid start, but certainly not the worst news we could have received.
The injury apparently is being compared to J.J. Putz's arm troubles at the beginning of the spring, if you're looking for a frame of reference.
As a side note, had Felix continued to pitch, the doctor said he could have damaged the ligament severely enough to require Tommy John ligament replacement surgery -- you know, the procedure that puts guys on the shelf for a year and a half, then they return as a shell of their former selves.
I guess that puts quite a hole in Skip Bayless's theory on ESPN's Cold Pizza this morning that Felix took himself out becuase he was embarrassed at getting shelled in the first.
Skip, you are the definition of a hack.
Faithful readers know that sometimes I love to not only tackle sports-related issues, but as a former journalist I often also like to tackle issues related to the media and its role in American society.
The killings at Virginia Tech provided a flashpoint event this week that raises a lot of quesitons about how to cover an event such as this. They happen so infrequently -- and the technology changes so rapidly -- that media outlets have to make many important decisions on the fly without a lot of precedent to refer to.
A big decision was faced -- and continues to be faced -- by NBC with regards to the video the killer sent them immediately before going on his rampage. What to do with it? How to handle it? Those decisions were made early on, and with them NBC gained a fair amount of criticism.
Now, the question remains: Should it be released in its entirety on the Internet?
Many argue that this is precisely what the killer wanted, and that we're providing a blueprint for potential copycat killers who want their stories to be heard. But at least one media blogger -- Jeff Jarvis at BuzzMachine.com -- thinks the world should be able to make the choice of whether to view it, saying "that horse is already out of that barn." I have a hard time disagreeing.
The essential infrastructure of news and media has changed forever: There is no control point anymore. When anyone and everyone — witnesses, criminals, victims, commenters, officials, and journalists — can publish and broadcast as events happen, there is no longer any guarantee that news and society itself can be filtered, packaged, edited, sanitized, polished, secured.
Like it or not, that’s the way it is. But before we start wringing our hands over the unique, one-in-a-billion exception to all rules — the mass murderer with a camera — let’s make sure we remember that this openness is a great and good change. It enables us all have a voice and to hear new voices.
In other words, the greater good outweighs the potential negatives in this specific case. I tend to agree.
Welcome to the Morning After.
It's Thursday morning, and nothing substantively new to report on the Felix front, but we do have some post-game thoughts from the team on the situation. Clearly, Felix's departure deflated the Mariners as much as it did us fans (a point underscored by the great lead on Darrin Beene's gamer for The News Tribune).
Manager Mike Hargrove (courtesy of The Seattle Times): "Any time you lose a pitcher with the talent that Felix has, it's not a good time. It's scary for him and for the club. And it takes a little bit of time to recover."
DH Jose Vidro (The News Tribune): “We lost the game, but everyone is praying that everything is OK with Felix. He’s our ace and we need to have him here. Hopefully, everything is OK. It’s tough.”
Catcher Kenji Johjima (The Seatte Times): "I'm very worried. I was worried during the game."
For lack of a solid medical opinion, Hargrove did say that his "gut feeling" was that Felix is going to be OK. But as Times writer Geoff Baker correctly points out, Hargrove felt like Arthur Rhodes' elbow tightness was no big deal, either ... and we all know how that turned out.
And just to quickly revisit my assertion that Carlos Garcia should absolutely be fired for sending tying run Adrian Beltre to the plate in the ninth with two outs? Hargrove admirably -- albeit stupidly -- defends his coach.
"A third base coach is not doing his job unless he gets people thrown out at the plate,'' Hargrove told The Seattle Times. "I don't think anybody in baseball wants a third base coach who is going to be safety first. ... Was it disappointing? Yeah. Hindsight being 20-20, I wish he'd stayed there. But when he sent him, I was glad to see him send him because that's the play to make.''
That would be all fine and dandy if Beltre had made the final out of the game by a few inches, or even a couple of feet. But it's not fine when the guy gets thrown out after only being about 85 percent of the way home when the catcher receives the ball. That's just stupidity -- and poor coaching.
I guess it's early in the year for coaches, too -- let's not forget, Hargrove had speedy players Willie Bloomquist and Jason Ellison on the bench, and elected not to put either in to pinch run -- but, man, when a team scraps back into a game in which they lost their ace 20 pitches in, you hate to see it get tanked by botched moves from the people who are supposed to know what they're doing.
There's supposed to be more official word on Hernandez today. I'll pass along any news on that front.
In the meantime, if you're interested in watching the M's get swept away by two-time Cy Young Award winner Johan Santana, today's game is an early 3:35 p.m. start that will be televised on FSN. You can only catch it in HD, though, if you have FSN HD on DirecTV.
... is the sound of Mariners fans jumping off the nearest cliff. Dear God, what have we done to deserve this?
Let's just all hope the one thing we thought we had to look forward to the summer still ends up being something we look forward to. But it's never good when they use the words "pitcher" and "elbow" and "tightness" in the same sentence.
I'd feel a little better -- at least for tonight -- if I felt like this team could come back on anyone. But any time they fall behind by a few runs, they roll over like a two-month-old baby. Case in point: Bottom of the sixth, Ichiro and Beltre both get on ... and Vidro pops up, failing to move the runners up; Ibanez flies out to deep center ... but as I'm writing this, Sexson actually hits a bomb!
If Richie had struck out, I was going to ask you to just shoot me now. But maybe I don't want to be shot just yet.
I'll let you know after I find out if they actually can come all the way back.
LATE UPDATE: M's lose 5-4 as Adrian Beltre is thrown out by 10 feet trying to score from first ... on a single. Granted, the right fielder misplayed it, but seriously. Beltre is not Ichiro.
Fire Carlos Garcia. Now. That should never, ever, ever, ever happen in the big leagues. The guy gets paid to do one thing -- wave that arm at the appropriate time. Thank you for costing us any chance at winning this series. You suck.
I'm happy the team showed resiliency -- if Justin Morneau were three inches shorter, the game might never have gotten to the bottom of the ninth since Vidro's scorching line drive probably would have scored the go-ahead run. But the Mariners still lost.
And we wait for the worst on the King.
Jerry Crasnick at ESPN.com has a nice story on Felix Hernandez today. Not a lot of groundbreaking stuff if you've been following the King for the past few years, but a nice primer if you're not familiar with the story.
You can find it here.
I'm of the opinion that the Mariners need as much good press as possible these days ...
Labels: Mariners, Media Coverage
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Older Parents May Have Better Behaved Kids
WEDNESDAY, July 31, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Many people wait until they're older to have children, and that decision can raise the risk of problems like infertility and genetic abnormalities. But new research suggests there may be at least one benefit to having children later in life.
The study found that kids with at least one older parent were less likely to be defiant rule-breakers or physically aggressive.
"Older parents-to-be may be reassured that their age is not necessarily a negative factor with respect to behavioral problems in their child," said study author Marielle Zondervan-Zwijnenburg. She's a post-doctoral researcher at Utrecht University in the Netherlands.
But these findings don't mean that younger parents are doomed to have ill-behaved offspring. Zondervan-Zwijnenburg said that about 3% of the difference in children's "externalizing" behaviors were related to parental age. Externalizing behaviors are things like physical aggression, destruction of property and disobeying rules.
But what is it about delayed parenthood that could lead to even a small increase in better behavior?
"We believe that older parents are more often able to create favorable environments for their children. Older parents may be more sensitive to the child's needs and provide more structure," Zondervan-Zwijnenburg said.
She added that older parents also likely have better financial resources and may have a higher education. However, the researchers did compare the effects of socioeconomic factors between younger and older parents. They said these factors didn't account for the differences in children's behavior.
Another possibility is that younger parents who have more "externalizing" behaviors may be more impulsive, which could be related to having children at a younger age, the study authors suggested.
Eric Herman, a clinical psychologist at Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit, was familiar with the study. He agreed that younger parents might pass down more impulsive traits that could lead to a higher risk of behavior problems.
The study included almost 33,000 Dutch children between the ages of 10 and 12. The kids were part of four different past studies. Parental ages ranged from 16 to 68.
Problem behaviors were reported by parents, teachers and even the children themselves.
The researchers saw positive effects if either the mother or the father was older. They didn't look at combined effects if both parents were older, however. The study found the positive effects were slightly more pronounced if the mother was older.
Certain behaviors called "internalizing" behaviors weren't affected by the age of mom or dad. These are mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression and social withdrawal, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg said.
Herman said this finding makes sense because internalized behaviors are often genetically based, and can happen despite a child's upbringing.
Herman also said that he doubted parents would make a decision about the timing of their children based on this study, but he suggested that it offers a bit of positive information to weigh against the potential risks involved in waiting to have kids.
"An increase in the father's age has been associated with autism and schizophrenia. There's a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities and other medical problems when people decide to wait," he explained.
And there are so many different factors that influence how a child behaves -- including parent ages, incomes, education, the child's education and peer group -- that it's difficult to tease out what factors truly make an impact, Herman added.
What this study did show is that "parents really can make a difference in some behaviors," Herman said. And he thinks that's true no matter what your age when you become a parent.
The findings were published July 31 in the journal Child Development.
No matter what your age, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has information for parents on child development.
SOURCES: Marielle Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, post-doctoral researcher, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Eric Herman, M.A., L.L.P., clinical psychologist, department of psychiatry and psychology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit; July 31, 2019, Child Development
Urology, Female Pelvic and Reconstructive Surgery
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Common Childhood Illnesses and Concerns
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1 in 3 Young Adults Suffers From Loneliness in U.S.
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Step-by-Step: Changing a Child's Tracheostomy
Step-by-Step: Choking Rescue for a Child (Over 1 Year of Age)
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Philippines Jewish Community
The Jewish community of Manila may be the only Jewish community in Asia that has its own locally - slaughtered kosher meat and locally-produced kosher cheese, and it may also be the region's oldest.
Makati, Business Distric Hub
The presence of marranos during the country's Spanish colonisation in the 16th century is documented. Two brothers, Jorge and Domingo Rodriquez, who arrived in Manila in the 1590's, were tried in 1593 and convicted of practicing Judaism, along with as many as eight others. And this incident of anti-Semitism is almost unique in the Philippine Jewish community's long and interesting history.
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Edit Calendar
Vendor Update
Fisher Textiles Opens New Corporate Headquarters to Support Growth and Productivity
Fisher Textiles, the leading supplier of fabrics for digital printing, announces the opening of its new corporate headquarters in Matthews, NC. With the move, Fisher almost doubles its office and warehousing space, from a 42,000-square-foot building to an 82,000-square-foot state of the art facility.
In addition to increased space for an even deeper inventory of Fisher’s extensive product offering of fabrics, the new headquarters features a print demo room, several conference rooms and a training room for workshops and presentations. The facility is located 6 miles from Charlotte, North Carolina and 20 miles from Charlotte Douglas International Airport.
“We are very excited about what the new headquarters will bring to Fisher Textiles,” said Scott Fisher, president of Fisher Textiles. “In addition to the added capacity for inventory and customer service, we will utilize our demo room to support our customers with on-site training and become more of an educational resource to the industry.”
Care was taken to preserve the environment during construction of Fisher’s new headquarters. The building also features environmentally friendly lights on timers and a humidity-controlled atmosphere.
www.fishertextiles.com
Aug 14, 2009 Olivia Cahoon
Innovative & Sustainable Films Designed for the Circular EconomyIndustrial Print eNewsletter, August 14, 2019
2020 © Industrial Print Magazine
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Spend the day or stay the weekend
Author: Karin Henriques
June 2, 2019 June 2, 2019 Karin HenriquesLeave a comment
NWSS was started in 2006 and specializes in Anti-Rhino Poaching.
They have a team of well trained and disciplined field rangers who are deployed to Nature Reserves to protect rhino populations.
NTTA was started in 2012 and offers specialised training in Anti-Rhino poaching and Rhino monitoring. They are also involved with a learner program where previously disadvantaged and/or unemployed people from the neighbouring rural areas are offered training and prospective employment opportunities.
NWSS’s aim is to provide extensive ground coverage and security on reserves with Rhino populations and increase the rate of detection and capture of suspected poachers.
They also add an aerial component to the operation using a Microlight Aircraft for aerial rhino monitoring as well as general security surveillance.
Learn more about the Save the Rhino and other projects at:
https://www.bisbeesconservationfund.org/Conservation/SaveTheRhino/Default.aspx
Follow them on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Nkwe-Wildlife-Security-Services-Nkwe-Tactical-Training-Academy-1410829119132722/
Lifestyle coach Justin Cohen and Sanlam’s Glacier fund took three people through their retirement journeys in a real-life experiment.
Justin interviewed Deon Koch, featured in the video and this was the outcome:
“Break your dreams down into doable goals, like stepping stones in a river, but don’t micro-analyse or manage; make your goals lumpy and meaningful,” he advises. Deon says the experience was valuable and honest. “When I think about the experience, I think in terms of ‘I have to provide something, to put money into that’, but it’s not something I think about all the time.”
Like most South Africans, he’s had his fair share of setbacks. Because retirement is edging closer, he needs to ensure he does all he can to catch up. National Treasury statistics say it’s a common approach – only a very small percentage of people saving for a pension will have enough to retire on comfortably.
Cohen says that when planning for your financial wellbeing it’s best to visualise yourself in the future. He suggests thinking about your “future self,” and not the person you see in the mirror.
In Deon’s profession, his work projects are irregular, which means he’s had to learn to make his earnings stretch through the lean periods.
“You have to be realistic, but you also have to live now. When I spend my money, I have to be careful about buying treats.
“I have a couple of investment funds that I put money into. It’s not a retirement fund, but I have channelled money into that. I’m trying to make monthly contributions and then I try to put it out of sight.”
He’s cognisant of the fact that retirement realities are changing; he’s not anticipating a long rest and expects to “keep myself busy” on several projects during his “golden years”.
Longevity is fast becoming one of the biggest risks facing retirees. Stats SA figures put the national life expectancy of women at 65 years and men at 60.
Participating in the #Future FWD journey clarified several issues for Deon. The future paycheck, in today’s terms, that he’s currently working for was a bit of a shock. The perfect life he envisioned entailed learning to make shoes in Italy or to play the sitar in India – activities he needs to factor into his overall savings plan.
The retirement salary reflected on the calculator helped put into focus a grey area in his life: “It is helpful to put things into context, to put a value on it. But people should be careful what they do with it.
It’s just a tool to give you an indication of what your future retirement income could be, so you shouldn’t go into a panic.
“We need to reassess our needs. Maybe I can still find my perfect life, but on a more modest scale.”
Brought to you by: Glacier by Sanlam
Article re-posted from: https://citizen.co.za/business/sanlam-business/1281213/make-goals-lumpy-and-meaningful-says-lifestyle-coach-cohen/
Video re-posted from: https://www.youtube.com/user/Sanlamvideo/search?query=perfect+life+2016
May 25, 2019 June 2, 2019 Karin HenriquesLeave a comment
Entabeni means ‘place of the mountain’, and the Entabeni Game Reserve is a 220 km2 (85 sq mi) private reserve situated in the Waterberg. The Entabeni Reserve provides breathtaking scenery and the opportunity for visitors to see big game and a variety of birds and antelope species.
May 25, 2019 May 25, 2019 Karin HenriquesLeave a comment
All our gutsy and “slightly mad” guests and the adventurous followers of the skydiving and tandem jumps must please book their jumps in advance and directly with the Johannesburg Skydiving Club at https://jsc.co.za/contactbookings/ or phone them at +27 83 sky dive/+27 83 759 3483.
The youngest person to have skydived is four year old Toni Stadler from South Africa. Toni was strapped to Tandem Master Paul Lutge’s chest as they leapt out of their single-engine plane 10,000 feet above the earth, freefalling for half a minute before opening the parachute.
The oldest person was Frank Moody has the record for the oldest skydiver, at age 101, he made a tandem jump on 6 June 2004 in Australia.
The highest skydive was done by Felix Baumgartner who broke the previously held record (from 1960) on 14 October 2012 and achieved Mach 1.24 from his Red Bull Stratos space jump thus also breaking the sound barrier. He jumped from a height of 128,100 feet or 39 km – more than four miles higher than Kittinger’s jump in 1960, which was from 102,800 feet or 19.5 miles.
The largest freefall formation was a 400-way set in Udon Thani, Thailand. Five C-130 Hercules aeroplanes were used and it was held for 4.25 seconds. They had exited from an altitude of 25,000 feet
The most jumps were done on 20 May 2001 by Michael Zang who did 500 jumps in a day. His jumps were made in intervals of less than 3 minutes and he performed these jumps from 2,100 feet.
The most daring skydivers include a 92-year-old man sporting artificial knees, a hearing aid and weighing 105 pounds who did a solo jump from 3,500 feet and a 90 years old woman who skydived from 12,000 feet to celebrate her birthday.
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Epson Launches New Models of Products in Laos
(KPL) Epson moves forward in Laos market by launching new models of Ink Tank inkjet printers, smart-series projectors and business scanners to accommodate the growing demand in IT products in business sector as the Lao economy continues to expand.
A launching new models of Epson was held in Vientiane Capital on Jan 24, in presence of the General Manager of Epson Thailand, Mr Yunyong Muneemongkoltorn.
“Epson's Ink Tank inkjet printer and projector businesses,” on the overall, have achieved satisfactory successes, said Mr Muneemongkoltorn.
The cumulative global sales of Epson's L-series printers or its combined sales in more than 150 nations have already reached 20 million units.
In Southeast Asia's Ink Tank -printer sector, Epson has enjoyed 70-per-cent market share. Moreover, Epson has done remarkably well in projector sector. Epson has already been named as the world's number one projector manufacturer for 16 consecutive years and owned 37.3% market share of this region.
"Laos has a well-developed economy for the past eight years, and in 2018 it is expected to its growth with a GDP of around 6-7%, which has many supporting factors such as healthy inflows of Foreign Direct Investment, government investment in the national infrastructure.
The export and agricultural sectors have gone well in the past year, alongside with the service sector like the tourism and hospitality still attracting tourists around the world. There is also a growing sector of Information and Communications Technology that draws a great deal of interest from foreign investment.
The rapid expansion of business in many sectors has led to the demand for office IT equipment, specifically inkjet printers, projectors and scanners that are considered essential devices for the operation in office work of all types of businesses," he said.
Regional workshop on green agriculture held in Vientiane [20/01/2020 15:45]
U.S. Strengthens Support for Lao Government to Meet Its Development Goals [17/01/2020 15:03]
Road 4B, built with US$ 65.6 million inaugurated [17/01/2020 14:59]
Vietnamese New Year celebrated in Vientiane [15/01/2020 15:11]
South Sudanese Youth to Learn Peace through the Order of Nature [14/01/2020 14:48]
US supports a new three-year Laos Counter Trafficking in Persons programme [14/01/2020 14:40]
Joint Operation Busts Major Lao Drug Smugglers [13/01/2020 14:31]
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Kids Rhythm and Rock
Kids music news and reviews for librarians, teachers and parents.
Full STEAM (or is it STEM) Ahead!
June 13, 2018 Veronica Librarians, Parents, Teachers, Uncategorized
There are so many different learning styles. Some children learn best by reading things. Some learn best by seeing things. Some by doing things. Sometimes a combination of these. And then there are those of us who learn best from music. I’m a member of that last group. I like to think of those in my age group as The School House Rock generation. We are those kids who spent Saturday mornings learning about science, math, grammar and more – all set to music that was so catchy, we can still sing all the words to “I’m Just a Bill” and “Conjunction Junction.” Over the years, I’ve often thought if all of my school subjects had been set to music, they would still be in my brain alongside the lyrics to every song from my teen years. And that’s where the three albums below come in.
As we all know, there is a great emphasis on STEM education in our schools. But sometimes, if you don’t have the most analytical brain or that much of an interest in these subject areas, it’s hard to remember all of the concepts. And that is the beauty of these albums. Each album takes a different approach to STEM subjects and each employs different musical styles, but they all set the STEM concepts to music in a manner that will have kids learning without even realizing it.
First up, the duo of Cathy Fink and Marcy Marxer mark their 35th album collaboration with Zoom a Little Zoom! A Ride Through Science. In this collection Fink and Marxer create contemporary arrangements of 10 songs that were written by Hy Zaret, composed by Lou Singer and released in 1961 as part of the educational collection, Ballads for the Age of Science. With this modern update songs that cover topics such as what makes lightning, the constellations, what makes an insect an insect and gravity are allowed to shine in a way that will appeal to today’s young listeners.
Kidz STEM Songz is more than just a compilation of songs, it is two full albums and a DVD of music videos. Collected and compiled by children’s music artist Dan Crow and his partners at KidzMusic Records, the first CD in this box set is Crow’s 2016 album of STEM focused songs, Concoctions. The five songs on this album cover simple math concepts, technology and the fact that science is all around us. The album also includes five karoake tracks of these songs to encourage kids to sing along. The second album in this set is KidzMusic’s STEAM. The 15 songs on this album cover topics from the genius of Einstein to botany. Each track is performed by a varied group of children’s artist ranging from Lucky Diaz and the Family Jam Band to Jonathan Sprout to Eric Ode and Danny Weinkauf. This box set is definitely a one of a kind.
Finally, enter the world of STEM with Giants of Science by the dynamic duo The Pop Ups. On this, their fifth album, Brooklyn-based musicians Jason Rabinowitz and Jacob Stein let their songwriting and performing talents loose on ten new songs. A very high production value makes each of these tracks ready for play on the radio or TV. In fact, listeners of SiriusXM’s Kids Place Live will already be familiar with the fun, question-filled tune, “How Do We Know.” Covering everything from shadows and inventors to space and time, The Pop Ups unique style of music will keep family members of all ages engaged and asking for more.
Leave a comment animals, cathy fink, dan crow, marcy marxer, math, science, space, STEM, the pop ups
Choose Kind
Song Spotlight – “Hanukkah on Andromeda” Performed by Lard Dog & The Band of Shy
Album Spotlight – “A Charlie Brown Christmas” Performed by the Vince Guaraldi Trio
2019 Children’s Music Roundup
Video Spotlight – “Marley Sitting On A Pumpkin Seed” Performed by Simon Stanley
Carla Jacob on Song Spotlight – “Hanukkah on Andromeda” Performed by Lard Dog & The Band of Shy
Carla Jacob on Album Spotlight – “A Charlie Brown Christmas” Performed by the Vince Guaraldi Trio
Veronica on 2019 Children’s Music Roundup
Sagan Thacker on 2019 Children’s Music Roundup
Paul Butler on 2019 Children’s Music Roundup
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What’s Wrong With Hillary? One Big Problem Is All Her Lying
March 14, 2016 — Ron Chusid
Jeff Greenfield has an article at Politico which asks the question, What’s Wrong With Hillary? It is subtitled, The GOP is fretting about Trump, but the Democrats’ likely standard-bearer could do just as much damage to her own party.
Problems include her conservative viewpoints on many issues, her changing of positions based upon political expediency, and her lying.
Greenfield discussed how Clinton is not trusted by the voters, including many Democrats. There is also a unique pattern to her shifts in position:
A look at Clinton’s political career provides a tougher explanation. Those younger voters who doubt her trustworthiness likely have no memory, or even casual acquaintance with, a 25-year history that includes cattle-futures trading, law firm billing records, muddled sniper fire recollections and the countless other charges of widely varying credibility aimed at her. They may even have suspended judgment about whether her e-mail use was a matter of bad judgment or worse.
But when you look at the positions she has taken on some of the most significant public policy questions of her time, you cannot escape noticing one key pattern: She has always embraced the politically popular stand—indeed, she has gone out of her way to reinforce that stand—and she has shifted her ground in a way that perfectly correlates with the shifts in public opinion.
For instance: Many Democrats, including all of the major 2008 presidential candidates save for Barack Obama, stood with President George W. Bush and voted for the authorization to use force against Saddam Hussein. What was different about Clinton, however, was that in her October 2002 speech she said this about Saddam: “He has also given aid, comfort and sanctuary to terrorists, including Al Qaeda members, though there is apparently no evidence of his involvement in the terrible events of Sept. 11, 2001.”
This assertion, in the words of reporters Don Van Natta Jr. and Jeff Gerth, was unsupported by the conclusions of the National Intelligence Estimate “and other secret intelligence reports that were available to senators before the vote.” It made for a more muscular talking point; it just happened not to be true.
Or consider her “evolution” on gay marriage. Back in June 2014, Clinton got very testy with “Fresh Air” host Terry Gross, who kept pushing Clinton to explain why this shift was not a matter of political calculation. She repeatedly asked the former secretary of state whether her opinion on gay marriage had changed, or whether the political dynamics had shifted enough that she could express her opinion.
“I’m just trying to clarify so I can understand …” Gross began.
“No, I don’t think you are trying to clarify,” Clinton snapped back. “I think you’re trying to say I used to be opposed and now I’m in favor and I did it for political reasons, and that’s just flat wrong. So let me just state what I feel like you are implying and repudiate it. I have a strong record, I have a great commitment to this issue.”
Well, here’s what Clinton said on the Senate floor, speaking in opposition to a constitutional amendment that would have forbidden gay marriage, while making very clear where she stood on the issue.
“I believe marriage is not just a bond but a sacred bond between a man and a woman. … So I take umbrage at anyone who might suggest that those of us who worry about amending the Constitution are less committed to the sanctity of marriage, or to the fundamental bedrock principle that it exists between a man and a woman, going back into the mists of history as one of the founding, foundational institutions of history and humanity and civilization.”
Again, plenty of Democrats were on record as opposing gay marriage in 2004—the year that voters in 11 states voted to ban the practice by significant margins. What’s striking about Clinton’s speech is the intensity of the language, the assertion that it is a “bedrock principle.” You might think that a conviction so strongly held would not be subject to “evolution,” much less shifting political winds. Not so, apparently—any more than a trade deal can be the “gold standard” one year and an unacceptable threat to American workers the next; or that a generation of potential “super predators” requires draconian crime laws one decade, while the next demands an end to such laws.
Clinton’s dishonesty on matters of public policy, especially questions of war or peace, is most troubling, but as we are in the midst of a political campaign, her dishonest attacks on Sanders are the ones which currently stand out. James Hohmann described many of her lies during the debate in Miami, when she tried to make it sound like Sanders simultaneously was aligned with both Castro and the Koch Brothers. He summed up her strategy:
There is a tactic in high school debate called “the spread.” It’s when you throw out so many arguments that your opponent cannot possibly respond to all of them, especially with the limited time they have to speak. It’s especially effective when your arguments are just off the wall enough that the other side has not prepared responses ahead of time. Then, when you get a chance to respond to their refutation, you zero in on whatever they “dropped” and hammer them for it, spinning the judges on why it is crucially important to the broader topic being debated. It felt like Clinton was trying to do just that last night. Alas, this is not a high school debate tournament and the winner is not determined by points or on what competitive debaters refer to as “the flow.”
Clinton was also exposed for what appears to be violating debate rules, as Donald Trump has also done, by meeting with staff during a break in the debates.
It doesn’t even appear to be working for Clinton to lie at the debates. Her false claims about Sanders’ record on the auto bailout backfired, possibly helping him win Michigan. The New York Times, which has endorsed Clinton for the Democratic nomination, chastised her for her dishonesty:
Even with a double-digit lead before the primary, she failed to avoid the type of negative tactics that could damage her in the long haul. A new Washington Post-ABC poll says that nationally, Mrs. Clinton’s margin over Bernie Sanders has shrunk: she polls at 49 percent compared with 42 percent for Mr. Sanders; in January her lead was more than double that. If she hopes to unify Democrats as the nominee, trying to tarnish Mr. Sanders as she did in Michigan this week is not the way to go.
Mrs. Clinton’s falsely parsing Mr. Sanders’s Senate vote on a 2008 recession-related bailout bill as abandoning the auto industry rescue hurt her credibility. As soon as she uttered it in Sunday’s debate, the Democratic strategist David Axelrod registered his dismay, tweeting that the Senate vote wasn’t explicitly a vote about saving the auto industry. Even as reporters challenged her claim, she doubled down in ads across the state. As The Washington Post noted, “it seems like she’s willing to take the gamble that fact-checkers may call her out for her tactic Sunday — but that voters won’t.”
…The Clinton machine should stop trying to tie Mr. Sanders to the National Rifle Association. Though Mr. Sanders has a D-minus from the N.R.A., in Michigan Mrs. Clinton’s operatives took to Twitter touting the N.R.A.’s tweets supporting Mr. Sanders’s statement that making manufacturers liable for gun violence would destroy gun manufacturing in America. On Tuesday, her campaign issued a news release saying that the mothers of Trayvon Martin and Jordan Davis, two African-American shooting victims, “are speaking out about Senator Bernie Sanders’ comments on guns and African-Americans in Sunday’s Democratic primary debate.” Mr. Sanders, like Mrs. Clinton, has spent decades working against racial discrimination, poverty and gun violence. To suggest otherwise is wrong.
The question is whether both the negative impression of Clinton, and the support Sanders has received, will carry through to this week’s primaries. The latest polls show that Sanders can pull additional upsets like in Michigan. If Clinton winds up with a string of losses outside of the red states, even the super delegates from the party establishment might start to question the wisdom of nominating her.
Posted in Bernie Sanders, Donald Trump, Economy, Hillary Clinton, Iraq, Politics, Polls, Social Issues. Tags: Bernie Sanders, Donald Trump, Gun Control, Hillary Clinton, Iraq, Politics, Polls, Same-Sex Marriage. 12 Comments »
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THE CENTRAL COUNCIL.
OFFICIAL MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT CHELMSFORD.
The third session of the thirteenth Council (37th annual meeting) was held in the Cathedral Hall, Chelmsford, on Whitsun Tuesday, May 21st, at 11 a.m.
COUNCIL MEETING.
There were present at the general meeting 78 members (32 guilds and associations being represented).
The chair was taken by the president, who opened the meeting with prayer.
In the unavoidable absence of the Bishop of Chelmsford, the Council was welcomed by Canon Morrow, Sub-Dean and Rector of Chelmsford, and by the Mayor.
Canon Morrow, on behalf of the Church, expressed him appreciation of the work done by the Council, and the high level to which the whole idea of ringing had been brought during the last twenty or thirty years.
The Mayor, on behalf of the city, gave the Council a hearty welcome to what he described as one of the most beautiful of English counties.
The President then thanked the Canon and the Mayor, and the Council proceeded to discuss the business upon the agenda.
The minutes of the last meeting having been published, were taken as read, and duly confirmed and signed.
Apologies for absence for received from the Revs. C. D. P. Davies, A. T. Beeston, H. S. T. Richardson, F. J. O. Helmore, Canon Elsee, E. W. Carpenter, C. C. Marshall, Messrs. J. W. Parker, J. Cotterell, P. J. Johnson, J. S. Pritchett, A. Paddon-Smith, H. Knight, E. H. Lewis, H. Haigh, H. Barton, W. Ayre, J. Clark, J. D. Matthews, T. H. Taffender and H. G. Fretwell.
Several of the above were incapacitated by illness, especially the Rev. C. D. P. Davies, and a sympathetic reference was made of the fact by the president.
ACCOUNTS.
The hon. secretary and treasurer) Mr. E. Alex. Young, presented the financial statement, which showed that the year began with a balance at the bank of £26 15s. 6d., and that the balance, after the receipts (which included £5 5s. for the broadcast lecture), and expenditure of the year had been dealt with, was £31 19s. 6d. There was also £100 (nominal) on deposit.
The accounts were adopted on the motion of Mr. Griffin, seconded by Mr. Hughes.
The Hon. Secretary stated that they would hear with regret that the Gloucester and Bristol Association (one of the founders of the Council) had seceded, but two other associations had joined, viz., the Oxford University Guild and the St. Clement’s Youths, London.
The Hon. Librarian, Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn, then read his statement, saying that the amount realised on the sale of publications during the past year was £6 5s. 3d., that is one pound in excess of the previous year, due to the ‘on sale or return’ agents. He stated that he had received the last instalment of the ‘Treble Bob Peals Collection,’ most ably typed by Mrs. Fletcher. During the year he had received numerous applications for publications which were now out of print, through members not consulting the Council’s weekly advertisements. He had sent the Heywood MSS. to Mr. Trollope. The Hon. Secretary said that he had inspected some of the MSS. with Mr. Trollope, and they had concluded to recommend that the papers be sorted, put into covers and docketed and returned to the library for future use.
Mr. Trollope, in agreeing with the previous speaker, said that though many of the connecting links of the correspondence were missing, it was possible that the papers might be deemed useful in subsequent years.
On the motion of the President, the report was adopted, and the Council decided that the book, ‘On the Preservation of Bells, etc.,’ should be revised before being republished.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
The following hon. members being due to retire, viz., Mrs. Edwards, Rev. E. W. Carpenter, Mr. Jas. George, and Mr. H. W. Wilde, the President said that the Standing Committee had recommended the election of Mr. W. A. Cave in place of Mrs. Edwards.
Mr. J. Hunt then proposed the election of Mr. Cave, as hon. member of the Council, which was seconded by the Rev. E. S. Powell, and, on the motion of the President, the remaining three outgoing members were re-elected.
The new members attending for the first time were then introduced to and welcomed by the president.
The Hon. Secretary then mentioned the loss by death of Mr. J. D. Drewett (Surrey Association), Mr. R. B. Chambers (Midland Counties Association), and Mr. R. Holloway (Middlesex County Association), and the Council stood in silence as a mark of respect.
STANDING COMMITTEE.
The Hon. Secretary reported that the committee proposed that a letter of congratulation on his recovery from serious illness be sent to the King, after the day of thanksgiving, and also particulars of the peals rung in celebration of the event.- This was unanimously endorsed by the Council.
‘ROLL OF HONOUR.’
The Hon. Secretary stated that this book had been brought up to date (as they would observe).
CARTER’S RINGING MACHINE.
He further reported that fair progress in reconditioning the machine had been made, and he hoped at the next meeting to report that it had been completed.
TRAVELLING FACILITIES.
He informed the Council that they had received a revised offer, based on 100 persons using the tickets, and that it was deemed advisable to postpone acceptance until next year’s meeting.
PEAL COLLECTION COMMITTEE.
Mrs. Fletcher reported that the Rev. H. S. T. Richardson was proving the peals of Treble Bob with the tenors parted, and the work was still in hand. The report was accepted.
LITERATURE AND PRESS COMMITTEE.
Rev. F. Ll. Edwards, who reported for the committee, said that the year had been remarkable for several good and sympathetic articles on bells, and for the publication of ‘Bells Through the Ages’ - a great addition to our literature.
He referred to the necessity of keeping a watchful eye in the case of any proposal being brought before Parliament for the prevention of noises, which might include a reference to bells.
The President praised the report, and on his motion it was adopted.
SUB-COMMITTEE.
Sub-Committee.- Mr. E. W. Elwell reported that they had revised the ‘Rules for a Local Company,’ which they suggested should be published at a cost not exceeding £5, for sale at 6d. per copy. On the motion of the President, the report was adopted.
METHODS COMMITTEE.
Rev. H. Law James, in presenting this committee’s report, reminded the Council that they were authorised to publish a new edition of the Minor Methods, but, in view of the controversial issues involved, they had thought it wiser to defer publication until now, when they were prepared to publish a complete book containing the whole of the information which had gradually been gathered together.
Mr. Trollope, in seconding, reminded the Council of the long services of this committee of thirty years’ standing, and its undoubted experience. He reviewed the differences of opinion which obtained as to what should be included in the book, or otherwise, and strongly urged the Council to pass the list of compositions as published, and, referring to the arrangements of Morris, Pitman and Bankes James, he advocated that they also should be included in the work.
Mr. W. Willson spoke strongly against the adoption of the report, and proposed that it be deferred back for the deletion of the Morris and Pitman Doubles, the London Minor and the Cambridge Surprise Minor, and Mr. Jas. George formally seconded.
Considerable discussion then ensued, Mr. Coles submitting that much of the argument might be deferred until resolution No. 7 was reached, a view supported by Rev. B. H. Tyrwhitt Drake. The Hon. Secretary here interpolated the remark that the compositions might be put into an appendix.
After further remarks by Messrs. Pulling and Cave, the latter proposed that the disputed peals be put in as an appendix to the book.
Mr. J. S. Goldsmith protested against the committee publishing the compositions in question, and maintained that the Council’s book, when published, should serve practical uses only, and should not include anything merely for historical purposes. He further remarked that, whilst he was not prepared to say that the Bankes James’ Cambridge Minor was false, he hoped that the other compositions in dispute would be excluded from the publication.
At this point the Council adjourned for lunch.
After the adjournment, Mr. Pulling suggested that the disputed compositions should be inserted with a footnote that they were not to be rung in peals, whereupon Mr. Coles, on a point of order, asked whether this was not prejudicing Motion No. 7, and the President concurred.
Mr. James Hunt objected to the disputed peals being included in the book, and Mr. H. W. Wilde supported him.
Rev. E. S. Powell, as a member of the Methods Committee, then further explained its views. He suggested that the distinction as to truth which critics of the Methods Committee had tried to draw between various compositions in question was illogical and false. The value of these productions for peal purposes could only be judged by practical experience in the belfry.
Mr. Willson’s motion was then taken as an amendment, and after two counts was declared carried by 30 votes to 29.
It was then put by the president as a substantive motion, with the addition of the words, ‘because they are all hopelessly false,’ which however, was declared as lost.
A deadlock having arisen, it was, after some discussion, proposed by Mr. W. A. Cave and seconded by Mr. C. Mee, that these peals should be inserted as an appendix under the heading, ‘The insertion of these compositions does not commit anybody to the opinion that they are suitable to peal ringing.’
This was carried by 44 votes to 3, and the report adopted accordingly.
PEALS ANALYSIS COMMITTEE.
Mrs. Fletcher formally moved the adoption of the report for this committee, its analysis having already been published, which, was seconded by Mr. Geo. Williams and adopted.
The Hon. Secretary then said he regretted to say that Mr. J. W. Parker and Rev. A. T. Beeston had withdrawn from the committee. Mr. J. S. Goldsmith proposed, and Rev. E. S. Powell seconded, that Mr. Jas. George and Mr. Geo. R. Pye be elected to fill the vacancies on the committee. This was carried unanimously.
The report was adopted, and the President, on behalf of the Council, thanked Mrs. Fletcher and Mr. Parker for the enormous amount of work they had done in connection with the interesting report.
TOWERS AND BELFRIES.
Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn reported for this committee. He referred to the report, which had already been published, on belfry acoustics, a subject which he thought deserved serious attention. He moved that the committee’s report be adopted. Mr. E. M. Atkins, asking whether anything further had been done regarding the welding of bells, Mr. C. J. Sedgley stated that one at Ipswich had been so treated most satisfactorily.
Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn suggested that the committee should undertake revision of the book on the preservation of bells. This addition to the report being seconded by Major Hesse, it was adopted and the committee authorised to do the above-mentioned work.
RECORDS COMMITTEE.
Mr. T. H. Beams reported for this committee, and read a list of the first peals and new methods and progressive lengths in others which had been rung since the last report. On the motion of the President, the report was duly adopted.
LEGAL LIABILITY.
Mr. F. A. Milne read an interesting and valuable report dealing with the rights, privileges and liabilities of all those having to do with church bells. After a short discussion, the President said that the Council were very grateful to the members of the committee for their valuable report, which, on his motion, was then adopted.
‘BROADCASTING’ COMMITTEE.
Rev. F. Ll. Edwards, reporting for the committee, said that the ‘talk’ on bellringing given on September 19th, 1929, had proved an unqualified success, and he had received many letters from different parts of the country in confirmation of this.
The President said the thanks of the Exercise would be accorded to Mr. Edwards and the ringers who had assisted him, and on his motion the report was adopted.
MOTIONS.
The Council then proceeded to discuss the motions on the agenda.
Mr. R. Whittington moved, and Mr. A. H. Pulling seconded, ‘That this Council will not recognise as a peal of Minor or Doubles any compositions in which the bells do not strike in 720 or 120 different orders respectively, before beginning the next 720 or 120,’ these members, in briefly asking the Council to support their motion, explained that it was to reinforce the decision passed by the Council at Hereford the year before, and that they desired to emphasise that in both cases referred to the changes should start from and finish at rounds.
After Rev. E. S. Powell had suggested that the motion could be made more acceptable in its terms, Mr. J. Hunt raised the point as to the actual meaning of the resolution passed at Hereford, following upon which, the Rev. E. S. Powell then moved the following amendment: ‘That this Council will not recognise as a peal of Minor or Doubles any composition in which the 720’s or 120’s were not true and complete and which did not start from and end with “rounds,”’ and said that he deprecated proceeding any further than the Hereford decision (certainly for a year or two), in order that the pros and cons could be better appreciated. Mr. F. W. Perrens seconded this.
Rev. H. Law James in endeavouring to clear up the position, which was becoming somewhat obscured, then illustrated his views upon the nature of a ‘round block’ by reference to the clock hanging beside them on the wall, dividing its figures into six divisions, starting at 12 o’clock, or ‘rounds,’ and proceeding clockwise with the changes until they finished at 12 o’clock with the same ‘rounds,’ claiming that those at the end were those at the beginning. After considerable further discussion, in which he, the Rev. F. Ll. Edwards, and Messrs. W. Willson, W. A. Cave, and C. T. Coles took part, Mr. R. Whittington then said that he and his seconder were prepared to withdraw their motion and support the amendment. The withdrawal being agreed, Mr. J. A. Trollope then pointed out that the passing of the amendment, which had now become the resolution, would exclude the Bankes James Cambridge which, he thought, many would deem undesirable. There was evidently a wide difference of opinion indeed. It might better to leave the Hereford resolution as it stood.
Rev. F. Ll. Edwards then proposed as an amendment ‘That in view of the fact that the practices affected by this resolution were at present in an entirely experimental stage, further consideration be deferred until a future meeting,’ and Mr. C. T. Coles seconded.
After a few further remarks, this amendment was put to the meeting and carried by 34 votes to 24; and, on being put as a substantive motion; the President declared it carried by a large majority. The whole question thus remained to be discussed at some future meeting.
(The discussion, with that on the methods report, occupied several hours.)
In the absence of Mr. E. W. Elwell, Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn moved, ‘That honorary members pay an affiliation fee of 5s. each per annum; (b) that associations in future pay a fee of 5s. per representative per annum.’
Mr. J. Hunt, deprecated the idea that hon. members, who came there at their own expense, be penalised, and moved that the portion of the motion relating to hon. members be deleted. The amendment, seconded by Mr. A. H. Pulling, was carried by a large majority. There was, however, no discussion regarding the increase of affiliation fees of associations from 2s. 6d. to 5s. per annum, and the motion, as amended, on being put to the meeting, was carried by 44 votes to 6.
Mr. Drake proposed that ‘(a) The Council asks each association to appoint a consultant to the Advisory Committee or Committees in its area; (b) The Council asks each association to make every effort to get as many ringers as possible elected to Parochial Church Councils, to Diocesan Committees and to the Church Assembly.’
The proposer said that he recognised that the Council had already circularised these committees within recent years, but his present motion was that each association be urged to themselves secure the election of someone to the advisory committees. It was an expert ringer that was required in such a case, and he hoped that his motion would be carried. Further, also, that the members would see that their associations put forward ringers as candidates for the Councils, and so on, to the conferences, and then the Church Assembly. Mr. C. J. Sedgley seconded. Mr. C. H. Howard, in supporting the motion, emphasised the fact that a committee member was much stronger than a mere consultant, as he knew from his own experience on the Diocesan Advisory Board at Chelmsford. He said that it was for the associations to approach their Bishops to obtain nomination to these boards. From remarks of subsequent speakers, it appeared that consulting members of these boards were not always invited to attend the meetings, even when their services might have proved useful. But the Rev. H. Law James, speaking to the contrary, said that he was supplied by the Board at Lincoln with all papers connected with bells, and his advice was always faithfully followed. The Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn stated that he, too, had had much the same experience.
The proposer, having replied to some of the points which had been raised, the motion was then carried.
Mr. J. S. Goldsmith moved, ‘That the rules of the Council be amended in order to provide that the notice and agenda of each annual meeting of the Council be published at least eight weeks, instead of twelve weeks, prior to such meeting.’
The proposer having explained his motion, and Mr. C. T. Coles, having seconded, it was carried without further discussion.
In the absence of Mr. W. Ayre (through illness), Mr. E. A. Young proposed, ‘That a committee be appointed to consider the best method of dealing with cases of extraordinary sickness amongst members of our affiliated change ringing associations, with power to report to the next annual meeting.’
This was seconded by Mr. Jas. George, and, after some discussion, for and against, the motion, on being put, was lost by a very large majority, it being felt that any scheme of this kind should be dealt with by the individual associations.
The President then referred to the next item on the agenda, which was to fix the place of next year’s London meeting. The Hon. Secretary stated that he had approached the Archbishop of Canterbury with a view to meeting at Lambeth Palace, and whilst he was speaking a telegram was received from the chaplain saying that, subject to no unforeseen occurrences, the Archbishop was only too pleased to place a room at their disposal and to welcome the Council personally if possible. The procedure was left with the hon. secretary.
This finished the business on the Council’s agenda. But Mr. Jas. George then suggested that the Council should issue a book containing the names and addresses of all ringers.
The President, however, stated that this was out of order, and that it should be brought up by way of a resolution to be discussed next year.
Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn proposed, and Mr. T. Faulkner seconded, a hearty vote of thanks to the chairman for presiding that day. Both speakers feelingly referred to the severe illness from which the president had now providentially recovered, and the vote was carried with applause.
The President, having expressed his thanks for their kindness that day and during his late illness, then proposed a vote of thanks to the Mayor and to the Sub-Dean of Chelmsford, and to Mr. C. H. Howard and the Essex Association (whose jubilee had been celebrated the day before) for their kindly welcome of the Council on its visit to Chelmsford, which was carried, and the meeting concluded at about five o’clock.
The Ringing World, March 28th, 1930, pages 202 to 203
The following representatives were present:-
Ancient Society of College Youths: Messrs. W. T. Cockerill, A. A. Hughes and T. Faulkner.
Bath and Wells Association: Mr. J. Hunt.
Bedfordshire Association: Mr. A. E. Sharman.
Cambridge University Guild: Mr. E. M. Atkins.
Chester Diocesan Guild: Rev. C. A. Clements, Messrs. E. W. Elwell, R. D. Langford and R. Sperring.
Devonshire Guild: Rev. E. S. Powell and Mr. F. J. Davey.
Dudley and District Guild: Mr. S. J. Hughes.
Durham and Newcastle Diocesan Association: Messrs. T. T. Gofton and W. H. Barber.
Ely Diocesan Association: Rev. B. H. Tyrwhitt Drake and Mr. T. R. Dennis.
Essex County Association: Messrs. C. H. Howard, G. R. Pye, W. J. Nevard and E. J. Butler.
Guildford Diocesan Guild: Messrs. A. H. Pulling, W. Shepherd and R. Whittington.
Hertford County Association: Mr. F. W. Elliott.
Kent County Association: Messrs. E. Barnett, sen., and T. Groombridge, sen.
Ladies’ Guild: Mrs. E. K. Fletcher.
Lancashire Association: Messrs. H. Chapman, W. H. Shuker and P. Crook.
Lincoln Diocesan Guild: Revs. H. Law James and H. T. Parry, Messrs. R. Richardson and J. T. Brown.
Llandaff and Monmouth Diocesan Association: Messrs. J. W. Jones and W. Bolton.
London County Association: Mr. A. D. Barker.
Middlesex County Association and London Diocesan Guild: Messrs. F. A. Milne, C. T. Coles and W. H. Hollier.
Midland Counties Association: Messrs. W. Willson and J. H. Swinfield.
Norfolk Guild: Messrs. A. L. Coleman and G. P. Burton.
Oxford Diocesan Guild: Rev. Canon Coleridge, Rev. C. W. O. Jenkyn, Messrs. J. Evans and F. W. Hopgood.
Peterborough Diocesan Guild: Messrs. F. Wilford, R. G. Black, F. Hopper and T. Tebbutt.
Salisbury Diocesan Guild: Rev. F. Ll. Edwards, Messrs. T. H. Beams and S. Hillier.
Society of Royal Cumberland Youths: Mr. J. Parker.
Suffolk Guild: Rev. H. Drake, Messrs. C. Mee, C. J. Sedgley and S. H. Symonds.
Surrey Association: Mr. C. Dean.
Swansea and Brecon Guild: Mr. A. J. Pitman.
Truro Diocesan Guild: Mr. W. H. Southeard.
Warwickshire Guild: Messrs. H. Argyle and F. W. Perrens.
Winchester and Portsmouth Diocesan Guild: Mr. G. Williams.
Worcestershire and Districts Association: Mr. T. J. Salter.
Hon. members: Messrs. J. A. Trollope, J. Griffin, C. F. Johnston, H. W. Wilde, J. H. B. Hesse, C. F. Johnston, J. George, J. S. Goldsmith, W. A. Cave and E. Alex. Young (hon. secretary and treasurer).
The Ringing World, May 31st, 1929, page 345
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This vintage photo from the 1937-38 timeframe shows the steps being added to the top of Miamisburg’s landmark Indian burial mound. This was a project of the federal Works Progress Administration.
Why the Star City?
Why the Star City? We all know Miamisburg is called the One and Only because it is the only city in the world with this name. More commonly, it has been known as the Star City. The million-dollar question is WHY is Miamisburg known as the Star City?
This question remained a mystery for decades until a letter was discovered that seemed to offer an answer that matched the history and location of this special place.
The late Forest Smith, founder of Star City Hardware, a longtime business fixture, wrote the letter in 1983. The letter put into writing many of his significant memories, which included those of Orville and Wilbur Wright and Charles Kettering.
“I, Forest Bradley Smith, born September 20, 1892 in a log cabin (dirt floor) two miles south of Dayton Mall in Miami Township, Montgomery County, State of Ohio, lived here all of my life, through school and Miamisburg High School.”
The letter continued and recalled his relationship with a man known as Mr. Riley and how Miamisburg became known as The Star City.
“The grandfather of surveyor Mr. Riley lived in Miamisburg. Did some surveying for me. I carried the chain for him. During that week, he told me how Miamisburg got its name Star City.
“Zachariah Hole was a minister who (Woodburn) east of Mad River Road on Whipp Road. There were four or five log cabins – one was a church. (He had a son, Dr. John Hole, an MD.) Zachariah rode horseback down to the Great Miami River where Bear Creek empties into the Miami River and met the chief of the Miami Indians and the medicine man. The three sat at a campfire and the medicine man asked ‘what will we call the new settlement?’ The chief looked up to the sky and saw seven stars, the seven sisters. The medicine man said, ‘it be Star Settlement.’
“That is how Miamisburg came to be known as the Star City but Miamisburg was named from the Great Miami River.”
Was Mr. Smith correct in his reporting of this part of Miamisburg’s history? Was Mr. Riley just spinning a yarn to pass time? It will probably always be one of those questions that never have a sure-fire answer, but it sure is fun to imagine how the Star City began shining so bright.
On Feb. 20, 1818, four men from Pennsylvania -- Emanuel Gebhart, Jacob Kercher, Dr. John Treon and Dr. Peter Treon -- offered for sale at public auction 90 lots in a new town by the name of Miamisburg. Situated on the left bank of the Miami River, the plat was divided into square lots containing one-fifth of an acre.
The small community had been known as "Hole's Station" since about 1797, when Zachariah Hole settled there with his family from Virginia and built a stockade as protection from Indians. In the interim, many settlers had arrived in the area, mostly from Pennsylvania. The name Miamisburg was derived from the Miami Indian tribe that resided there, combining "Miamis" with "burg," which denotes a borough or town. By 1832, the unincorporated community had become a village and achieved City status about 100 years later.
Indian Mound - Once serving as an ancient burial site, the Mound stands as perhaps the most recognizable historic landmark in Miamisburg. It is the largest conical burial Mound east of the Mississippi River and remains virtually intact from its origins hundreds of years ago. Located in a City park at 900 Mound Avenue, it is an Ohio historical site and serves as a popular attraction and picnic destination for area families. Visitors can climb to the top of the Mound via concrete steps built into its side.
Daniel Gebhart Tavern - Serving during the 1800s as a gathering place for local residents and as a resting place for travelers, it stands today as a museum at the corner of Lock and Old Main streets. The museum is open June through September on Sundays from 2 to 5 p.m., or by appointment. The Miamisburg Historical Society (see info below) coordinates the Museum's use.
Baum Opera House - This historic structure was built by Charlie Baum in the late 1800s on what is now First Street in downtown Miamisburg. It has had a number of unique uses over the years, but faced possible demolition in the early 1990s when the non-profit Baum Opera House Association was formed and purchased the building at a sheriff's sale. Extensive interior and exterior renovations have occurred since that time, and today the facility hosts entertainment and community events and is available for rental. Visit www.baumoperahouse.org for more information.
Miamisburg Historical Society
The Miamisburg Historical Society is a volunteer organization dedicated to the collection and preservation of data, artifacts and memorabilia relating to the history of the Star City and Miami Township. The Society hosts a variety of programs throughout the year for the general public and is headquartered in the Market Square Building in the heart of downtown.
Contact the Miamisburg Historical Society at (937) 859-5000 or P.O. Box 774, Miamisburg, Ohio, 45342-0774. Historic Miamisburg Memories of the Star City is a half-hour interview program cablecast monthly on channel 5 of the Time Warner system. Please check www.mvcc.net for dates and times. The Miamisburg Historical Society is certified by the Ohio Association of Historical Societies and Museums.
• The Indian burial mound in Miamisburg (top of page) was built by the Adena tribe long before the Miami Indians settled in the area.
• One of the most famous photographs of Miamisburg shows five modes of transportation(pictured above) in use in the 1800s. The waterway in the photo is the famous Miami-Erie Canal.
• Teddy Roosevelt is the only known sitting president to visit Miamisburg.
• Miamisburg native George “Hobby” Kinderdine was credited with kicking the first extra point in what eventually became the National Football League.
• Construction of the Mound Golf Course in the 1930s was a federal government New Deal project.
• Miamisburg was the childhood home of the McGuire Sisters, a vocal trio that rose to national fame in the entertainment industry in the 1950s and 60s. Their mother was a local minister.
• The ballot initiative that established the City’s Council-Manager form of government was passed in 1966 by four votes.
• The City of Miamisburg once owned and operated its own electric utility. It was sold to Dayton Power & Light in 1968 after fierce public debate and a vote of the citizens.
• The Miamisburg High School Alumni Association is the oldest continuously active high school alumni association in the in the nation.
miamisburg200@cityofmiamisburg.org
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A family effort and a place where all are welcome.
Behind the scenes with the people who make the magic happen.
Our Story alex 2018-04-10T21:37:29+00:00
Here’s how it all started
Little Goat had been in our family’s heart for a long time, so when we had the chance to bring it to life, it was all hands on deck.
We took possession of the property on Novemeber 24th and were open on December 4th. We wanted to be open for December, but mostly I just wanted to get back in the kitchen cooking. Some restaurants open and they look and feel “perfect”, but this can sometimes make them feel cold and sterile. Not spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on renovations also allows us to provide better value to our guests. Our space is a little rough, a little quirky, but we feel it is warm and inviting. Our kids helped paint, my mother-in-law sanded the tables and re-upholstered the chairs, our friends and cooks pitched in to paint… it was a family project, so it feels a little “home spun”. But thats what we like about it.
We like to think that we are a “work in progress”. Every week we grow a little, make some changes and improvements, play with the menu a little, add a cocktail list… When a restaurant opens and its “perfect” where is there left to go? Our spot will grow, change and develop organically. Of course, the risk we take is that some of our customers will come in and be disappointed and some may choose to never return. Others will have the grace to give us another try and some customers will love the fact that they are with us as we grow. We are giving people the opportunity to be part of the Little Goat story.
I have been around long enough to know that restaurants will always change and evolve. We will have highs and lows, we will make mistakes. We may have to back track and we may take great leaps forward. Restaurants like to pretend they have it all figured out before they open the doors, but with our philosophy or Little Goat as “work in progress”, we are just being honest with ourselves and true to the process.
And honestly, who is cuter, a little goat prancing around trying to figure out his world, or a big old billy goat who has seen it all and thinks he knows it all?
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2615 Portage Ave. Winnipeg, Manitoba
By submitting this form, you agree to receive periodic communications from Little Goat. You may unsubscribe at any time.
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Reading 'Rosie'
One of the few remaining nice things about air travel -- especially if you are seated with the child who is happy to listen to her Aaron Carter CD for five solid hours instead of the child who mostly wants to talk, kick, fidget and scream -- is the opportunity for uninterrupted reading time. And so it was on our vacation last week that I finally got caught up on reading the magazines that had been piling high in recent weeks, including the inaugural issue of Rosie O'Donnell's new publishing effort, "Rosie" magazine.
When I first heard that the Queen of Nice was going into the magazine business, I had no intention of actually taking a look at it. First of all, who needed another celebrity magazine, or celebrity-led one? I've never read Oprah's or Martha's magazines either, and although Rosie is someone whose show I've watched and enjoyed from time to time, her foray into the written word seemed less an interesting brand extension than another step in a disturbing trend. Then, too, the fact that she did it by taking over the venerable "McCall's" made it easy to sniff about tradition and the dismantling thereof. Although, to be honest, I'd been less likely to buy the fusty old "McCall's" than about any other magazine on the newstand.
It was the kind of magazine my mother-in-law would read, and indeed she had a subscription, and since she lives downstairs her issue of "Rosie" turned up in our mail. I'd never have picked it up in the supermarket, but since it was there in my house, I flipped through. And what I saw made me ask my mother-in-law to send the issue back upstairs when she was done.
As I should have expected, the magazine nicely reflects not only Rosie's celebrity connections but also her causes, and that means a fair amount of adoption-related material. There was a profile of four waiting children, a story about a foster-care community, and a very nice essay by Rosie about adopting a foster child. There was a story on gun control, creditably enough a pro and con and not just a pro. There were the triumph-over-adversity stories, as required in a women's magazine, but in this case they both involved children, making them instantly of interest to this special-needs mom. And even the celebrity content was targeted, not fluffy: an interview with Fran Drescher centered exclusively on her battle with uterine cancer; an article featuring Uma Thurman was really about a program she supports for giving toys and supplies to parents who can't afford them; the parenting-advice column was staffed by guest celebrities Jane Seymour, Marilu Henner and Tracey Ullman.
It struck me that this was the parenting magazine I'd been waiting for since I adopted my kids six years ago. I'd always loved "Child" magazine, but when I finally had children I found that there was surprisingly little in its pages that applied to me. Lots about typically developing infants and precocious children, lots about post-pregnancy, little about adoption and special needs. "Adoptive Families," on the other hand, was rather too adoption-intensive; only a few pages in each issue actually applied to any situation I was dealing with at any given time, and I'd have to sort through pages and pages of information that was irrelevant to my children's age, origin and needs to find it -- not to mention pages and pages of ads for adoption agencies, which is like putting ads for fertility treatments in parenting magazines.
"Rosie" seems to me to strike a nice balance, though I wonder if people who have no children will be interested in it at all. It is really more a parenting magazine than a women's magazine, and while that pleases me greatly, it might not please my mother-in-law. Which means that when it comes time to renew, it might start coming to my part of the house first.
Posted by Terri Mauro at 1:03 AM 0 comments
Party paranoia
My daughter is having a birthday party in a little over a week, and I'm a nervous wreck. By all rights, she should be the one concerned over whether her friends will have a good time and continue to be her friends. She should be the one concerned over whether the girls who weren't invited will be hurt, or the ones who were invited will be rude. She should be obsessing, and I should be calmly singing Que sera, sera. But of course, that is not the case.
The one thing I never realized about parenting is how thoroughly you transfer your own social anxieties over to your child. I should have known, because my own mom did the same thing, living vicariously through my painful social encounters. I know there was a period in my youth where these things didn't bother me, as they don't bother my girl now. If my mom passed that anxiety to me through our shared genes, then my daughter, adopted we might hope from more self-confident stock, is in luck. If I got it through exposure to her pre-emptive hurt for me, then she's in big trouble.
Which is why I have to stop now. If there's anything I want to pass to my children, it's the ability to not worry endlessly over what other people think of you. And then, by extension, what other people will think of you if you do a particular thing. Because once you get there, you wind up not doing many, many particular things. And then people think you're standoffish, or snobby. Hyperconsciousness is not a good social strategy, and I'd sure like my two to learn from my mistakes.
So far, so good, because if anything, these kids are hypoconscious. They seem largely oblivious to peer opinion. My son's FAE inspired behavior is not what any eight-year-old would call normal, but he's so self-contained that he sort of rolls on through life on his own little wavelength. Since he rarely seeks approval, the lack of it doesn't irk him, and kids seem to treat him gently as a result. This is a blessing that will no doubt wear off with age, as he gets weirder and kids get meaner. If he's unable to use peer disapproval as a signal to curb his behavior, then I wish him continued obliviousness.
Then there's my daughter, who appears to have raised obliviousness to an art form. It should bother her to be two years older than her classmates, and it should bother them, but from all reports--hers and the teachers and what I have seen from other kids--it's a non-issue. She knows she's older, they know she's older, they're a little surprised, but if anything it makes them think she knows things she doesn't. The tears and taunting I imagine occurring in these situations are apparently occurring only in my head. Let's hope they stay there.
Except that it makes my head a very busy place, and a place where it's hard to just sit back and enjoy party planning and look forward to an event with anticipation rather than dread. The outcome of this event will probably neither make nor break my daughter's social status in any particular way, and the other moms are probably not waiting to mock me for my poor planning skills. It will probably be moderately successful, not wondrous, not disastrous. They'll eat pizza, they'll play, they'll eat cake, they'll go home. How hard can it be?
Still, I worry. According to my mother, that's a mother's job.
Fat is good
Hey, great news about fat!
Those are words you sure don't see together often, but it's true. Right now, at the forefront of medical research, at the crux of cures for diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, at the healing edge, stands good old fashioned blubber. And if anything can make spare tires desirable, this is going to be it.
According to a recent research study, fat -- yes, that fat, the stuff making your pants tight and your arms floppy -- contains stem cells. Stem cells, those nifty little building blocks that can become any kind of human tissue with the right inspiration, are thought to be the key to cures for a smorgasbord of formerly intractible ailments. It's previously been extracted from bone marrow and, controversially, fetal tissue. But now, it looks like just a little liposuction is all you need.
So right now -- stop exercising! Eat a chocolate bar instead. The research suggests that our own body fat may be a resource for healing our injuries and treating our diseases, and don't you want to make sure you have plenty on hand, and waist, and thigh? How tragic to be so tight and toned you can't take advantage of this precious natural resource.
Just picture it -- picture a world where the overweight aren't viewed as unhealthful, but as potential fat donors. A world where doctors tell you to keep those extra pounds right where they are. A world where liposuction is a public service. A world where ice cream is medicinal.
Tomorrow, a news report will undoubtedly come out that overturns all these fine fantasies, but for today, I can dream. And eat a few extra cookies.
Posted by Terri Mauro at 12:57 AM 0 comments
Wanted: Trying tots
Is your preschooler a little restless? A little overactive? Does he have trouble sitting still or shutting up? Have you ever thought he might be hyperactive or attention deficient? Has your doctor resisted prescribing him Ritalin because he's only 3? Then the National Institute of Mental Health might be looking for you.
The institute is funding a $6 million research study on the effect of Ritalin on the very young, and is looking for 300 good kids in the preschool age range to be their little guinea pigs. It's hard to know what's more troubling here -- that Ritalin is already being prescribed to kids that young without having been tested for safety, or that we're now going to test it.
Screening for the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study will be careful, to be sure. A kid who's a whirling dervish sometimes but in control others won't make the cut. Qualified applicants need to be able to speak in three-word sentences, and of course they need to be able to swallow a pill. Children whose behavior can be traced to traumatic stress or Oppositional Defiant Disorder will get the boot.
No, only kids who really have ADD/ADHD will be involved, though the medical profession is deeply divided on the question of whether you can even diagnose the thing in children so young. Researchers will put parents through a 10-week training course to try to increase their behavior modification skills, and if that brings the squirminess under control, the little test subjects will go on their way, pill-free. If not, they will be administered the medication and monitored for side effects over an 18-week period. The Food and Drug Administration is making a small-dose pill up special.
It will be interesting to see what the results of this little experiment turn out to be, but I can't say I expect anything to turn up that would keep the drug from being a regular feature in nursery schools and day-care centers across the land. Which -- without even getting into a debate here about the appropriateness of Ritalin or psychiatric medications for any child -- disheartens me greatly.
Is proper deportment now so important for 3 and 4 year olds that we must medicate them into it? There may be an argument for school-age children needing to be able to get with the program, but toddlers? Are infants who keep Mommy and Daddy awake too much next in line here? What an easy drug trial that will be -- they can screen the newborns right there in the hospital and send the teensy pills home with them.
The Sue-pranos
From the "people who need to get a life" file, we today look at the case that has been brought in Illinois' Cook County Circuit Court by the American Italian Defense Association, which believes that the HBO series "The Sopranos" slanders Italians.
According to a Reuters report, the association of lawyers of Italian descent (and why the heck aren't they suing for the way lawyers are depicted on TV?) complains that the much-praised series "suggests that criminality is in the blood or in the genes of Italian Americans and that Italians as early immigrants to this country had little opportunity other than to turn to crime." The group's chairman is quoted as saying "We're looking for a vindication of our reputation. We realize that we can't stop the free speech rights of Time Warner. We're not looking for money. We want a moral victory here, we want to balance things." And a little publicity wouldn't hurt, either.
Another one of the attorneys complained that, "This is like no family I know. I don't know Italian mothers, ever, who try to have their son killed. That's not realistic." As supposed to the blazing verisimilitude of a series like "The X-Files," "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" or "Third Rock from the Sun."
Dude, repeat after me: It's only TV.
If you watch "The Sopranos," you could get the idea that all Italians are criminals. If you watch "Everybody Loves Raymond," you could get the idea that all Italian men are henpecked mama's boys. If you watch the Food Network, you could get the idea that all Italians are great cooks. If you watch one show and decide that every member of every ethnic group depicted is exactly like the one you are watching, then you have more problems than Tony Soprano.
The lawsuit-bringers are not trying to get the show removed from the air, or have upstanding Italian characters inserted into it, or have huge monetary damages paid so that they can fund some sort of foundation for the development of scripts in which Italians are crime-fighting superheroes. No, they just want to have a judge declare, "Mama mia, that's unfair." Thus giving the impression that Italians are obsessed with honor beyond all reason. But at least their mothers love them.
Personally, I think if any group has the right to sue for the way they've been depicted on TV, it's parents. What a load of buffoons we look on sitcom after sitcom. And since most of the shows with the most derogatory depictions of dad and mom are aimed at children, you could probably say that this has promoted disrespect and disregard of authority amongst the younger generation. Hey, where's the Beleaguered Parent Defense Association when you need them?
Nutrionally sound-off
Everyone knows spinach is good for you, right? Chock full of super-good nutrients like Vitamin C, Vitamin A, folic acid and lutein. Eat it a few times a week and you'll be hale and hearty as Popeye. And yet, I think I speak for a majority of children and quite a lot of adults here when I say -- yuck.
It seems a cruel conspiracy that the things that are best for you taste the worst. I wouldn't go near liver for all the iron in the world. Brussels sprouts may be little bundles of cancer-fighting phytochemicals, but I ain't going near them, either. And spinach--well, it doesn't make me gag the way it did when I was a kid, but I wouldn't miss it if it went away. Why can't cookies and crackers and big greasy fast-food burgers be loaded with nutrients? The good stuff's always bad, and vice versa.
Nutritionists at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, are trying to do something about that, but I'm not sure how effective they're going to be. Their plan: To sneak spinach into foods we like and hope we don't notice. Tell this to my daughter, who was able to pluck every molecule of the green stuff out of a serving of spinach manicotti. We who dislike spinach are a determined lot.
But apparently there were no true spinach haters among the 40 tasters recruited by the university to do a hamburger taste test. Each got some half-burgers with iceburg and some half-burgers with spinach, and most couldn't tell the difference. Ditto with tacos. The nutritionist's conclusion: Fast food restaurants should make the switch, pronto.
Can't you just see it--McDonald's and Burger King keeping an eye on each other, waiting to see who makes the switch first, so the other can launch an ad campaign that goes "Eeeeeeeeeee-YUCK! That other place puts SPINACH in its burgers!" Have it your way, indeed. Anyplace that loves to see us smile won't be going for spinach anytime soon. Maybe the Popeye's fried chicken franchise could get away with it on a chicken sandwich, but that's about it.
That's not likely to deter nutritionists, for they, too, are a determined lot. What will they suggest next? Spinach stuffed in the crust of Pizza Hut's stuffed-crust pizza? A little chopped liver in cans of corned beef hash? A deep-fried Brussels sprout with every order of onion rings? One shudders to think.
Turns out, I'd just as soon keep my guilty pleasures guilty.
Air rage or heir rage?
They're calling it "air rage," but the fury that overcame a father at Newark Airport and resulted in a broken neck for an airline gate agent suggests another phenomenon to me: maybe "child management rage," the overwhelming sense of anger and desperation that overcomes parents forced to keep their children under control under circumstances that make it impossible. Like, say, a two-hour wait in a boring airline waiting area when the child is expecting to be at Disney World NOW.
In this case, the 18-month-old--perhaps wandering aimlessly as toddlers will, or perhaps feeling that if she could just get on the airplane, then Mickey would be within her reach--headed down a passageway leading to a plane. Her mother, probably chagrined that the girl was entering forbidden territory, ran after her. And the gate agent, charged with keeping people the heck out of there, shoved her away. The dad intervened and, depending on whether the witness was related to him or not, was either attacked by the agent and fell to the floor with him, or picked the agent up unprovoked and plowed him head first into the ground.
An inexcusable act of air rage? The jury didn't think so; it acquited the dad this week of charges that could have led to up to 10 years in jail. I'm guessing at least some of those jurors were parents.
Which is not to say it's ever okay to cause violent bodily harm to another. But on the other hand, the airlines have to understand that if you treat passengers like cattle, now and then you're going to get a stampede. And as furious-making as airline maltreatment is to individual passengers, it's exponentially worse for passengers traveling with children, who understand the concept of delays even less than their grownup counterparts do.
Coming up close to crashing in my list of flying fears is the fear of being stuck on the runway for hours on end with no food, no water, no toilets, no hope of release, as has happened to hapless planeloads from time to time in stormy weather. To be in that situation in the first place, and then to be expected to keep my impulsive, hyperactive son from running up and down the aisles screaming...well, I would probably be the one running up and down the aisles screaming. There are only so many toys I can carry aboard, only so many entertaining scenarios I can unwind, only so much cajoling I can do. If you go beyond the limits of my abilities to reasonably control my children, it's not going to be pretty for any of us.
So far, we have not been in that situation, though we've been close enough for me to guess what it might feel like. And I've certainly lost my temper in public on other occasions, with less provocation. I'm stunned, in retrospect, to realize how out of control I was. Never resorted to violence, but then, nobody ever physically pushed me around. Since I'm only 4' 10" and not exactly gym-trained, the likelihood of me picking some guy up and breaking his neck is slight. But they say that mothers can pick up cars if their children are trapped underneath, so who knows.
It would be nice if this case led airlines to reassess how they communicate with and service their customers, but my hopes aren’t high. Probably it will just make gate agents more surly, knowing as they do that jurors don’t hold their physical well-being and professional duties in high esteem. Truth be told, I would probably rather be trapped on that plane with that screaming child for hours than have an airline employee job that forces me to interface with irate passengers. Really, the more I think about it, maybe we should all just stay home. Travel is more trouble than it’s worth.
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The Top 15 Funniest Jokes From The Edinburgh Fringe...
1. "My dad has suggested that I register for a donor card. He's a man after my own heart" - Masai Graham
2. "Why is it old people say "there's no place like home", yet when you put them in one…" - Stuart Mitchell
3. "I've been happily married for four years - out of a total of 10" - Mark Watson
4. "Apparently 1 in 3 Britons are conceived in an IKEA bed which is mad because those places are really well lit" - Mark Smith
5. "I went to a pub quiz in Liverpool, had a few drinks so wasn't much use. Just for a laugh I wrote The Beatles or Steven Gerrard for every answer… came second" -Will Duggan
6. "Brexit is a terrible name, sounds like cereal you eat when you are constipated" -Tiff Stevenson
7. "I often confuse Americans and Canadians. By using long words" - Gary Delaney
8. "Why is Henry's wife covered in tooth marks? Because he's Tudor" - Adele Cliff
9. "Don't you hate it when people assume you're rich because you sound posh and went to private school and have loads of money?" - Annie McGrath
10. "Is it possible to mistake schizophrenia for telepathy, I hear you ask" - Jordan Brookes
11. "Hillary Clinton has shown that any woman can be President, as long as your husband did it first" - Michelle Wolf
12. "I spotted a Marmite van on the motorway. It was heading yeastbound" - Roger Swift
13. "Back in the day, Instagram just meant a really efficient drug dealer" - Arthur Smith
14. "I'll tell you what's unnatural in the eyes of God. Contact lenses" - Zoe Lyons
15. "Elton John hates ordering Chinese food. Soya seems to be the hardest word" -Phil Nicol.
My Week in Pictures....
www.ComedianUK.com
The Raid....
I had popped out to Tesco to get some inverted boneless pork rectums and upon my return back to the house, there are four police cars and an army of coppers searching through my home!
The front door had been kicked off it's hinges, my possessions scattered far and wide, and they were conducting a serious search. So I'm stuck outside with this chief inspector and the constabulary inside searching through everything, even our laundry. They checked inside my wardrobes, under the mattress. They tore my things apart. So, as you can imagine, I'm getting upset and I'm trying figure out what's going on.
I asked if they had a search warrant, and if I could see it. The cop in my bedroom yells, "Where did you hide it? We know it's here! " Then I shout back, "If I had any idea of what you're looking for maybe I could help!" He proclaims "We're taking you down the nick," so I shut up and watch one of the other police officers look down at his iPhone.
Then he shouts, "Guys Stop! Hold on! We're in the wrong house! The Pokémon is next door!"
Colin The Aborigine.....
A rich man living in Darwin decided that he wanted to throw a party and invited all of his buddies and neighbours.
He also invited Colin, the only aborigine in the neighbourhood. He held the party around the pool in the backyard of his mansion.
Everyone was having a good time drinking, dancing, eating prawns, oysters, from the BBQ and flirting.
At the height of the party, the host said, 'I have a 15ft man-eating crocodile in my pool and I'll give a million dollars to anyone who has the balls to jump in.'
The words were barely out of his mouth when there was a loud splash and everyone turned around and saw Colin in the pool fighting the croc, jabbing the croc in the eyes with his thumbs, throwing punches, doing all kinds of stuff like head butts and chokeholds, biting the croc on the tail and flipping the croc through the air like some kind of Judo Instructor.
The water was churning and splashing everywhere. Both Colin and the croc were screaming and raising hell … Finally Colin strangled the croc and let it float to the top like a dead goldfish.
Colin then slowly climbed out of the pool. Everybody was just staring at him in disbelief.
The host says, 'Well, Colin, I reckon I owe you a million dollars.'
'Nah, you all right boss, I don't want it,' said Colin.
The rich man said, 'Man, I have to give you something. You won the bet .. How about half a million bucks then?'
'No thanks ... I don't want it,' answered Colin.
The host said, 'Come on, I insist on giving you something .. That was amazing. How about a new Porsche and a Rolex and some stock options?’
Again, Colin said "No."
Confused, the rich man asked, 'Well Colin, then what do you want?
Colin said, ‘I just want the bugger who pushed me in.’
Yesterday.....
I frightened the postman yesterday by going to the door with no clothes on. I'm not really sure what scared him most, me in my birthday suit, or the fact that I knew where he lived.
Yesterday was not a good day. I parked in a disabled space at Tesco. Worst thing I could have done! Within the blink of an eye, the security bloke meandered over and exclaimed, “What disability do you have then?” With all the dignity that I could muster, I replied, “Tourettes, f**k off!”
He gazed at me with much disdain. He had a face like a murderer’s labourer. “There’s no need to use Elizabethan expletives in your language, I’m merely doing my job!” he proclaimed. “People like you are Jobsworths.” I curtly informed him. “There are eleven disabled spaces available. It’s not as if eleven disabled folk are going to descend onto this car park at this precise moment in time, is it?” Then, as if to make me look a right plonker, the Aston Villa Team Bus pulled in!
After this unfortunate farrago, I parked the car elsewhere and gingerly ventured into the store.
I sez to the checkout girl, “This has today’s date on it, can I have a discount?” She replied that if she gave me a discount, that she would have to give everyone a discount. Not wishing to labour the point, I repeated that it had today’s date on and should therefore be discounted.
She then became most annoyed and shouted, “Do you want this newspaper or not?”
That’s when the trouble started! I was making every endeavour to pay, using my debit card and it wouldn’t work. The checkout chick, already annoyed at the previous shenanigans, lost her temper and yelled, “Strip down, facing me!” That’s when I ended up in the back of a police van.
Yesterday morning, I was on the phone to nPower about my exorbitant electricity bill and I sez to the missus, "Just nip into the garage and quickly make a note of what it says on the meter" She returned and passed me a post-it-note, on which was written, 'Danger High Voltage'....
The wife asked me where I was going and I told her that I was going to the corner shop. She sez, “Could you get me a litre of milk and if they have eggs, get a dozen.” When I returned, she flipped her lid and went bananas, screaming and shouting at me. She hollered, “Why in God’s name have you brought back twelve litres of milk?” I replied, “They had eggs...”
If I could offer you some advice for the future: Dance like you are mortally injured. Make love like your being filmed and you need the money. Work when people are watching. Dress up in Lycra. Always leave a false name. Be legendary. Believe in Karma.If at first you don’t succeed, then redefine success. Visit my website http://www.ComedianUK.com and continue the quest! Email me:comedianuk@sky.com
The Monastery....
A man is driving down the road and his car breaks down near a monastery. He goes to the monastery, knocks on the door, and says, "My car broke down. Do you think I could stay the night?"
The monks graciously accept him, feed him dinner, even fix his car. As the man tries to fall asleep, he hears a strange sound. A sound unlike anything he's ever heard before. The Sirens that nearly seduced Odysseus into crashing his ship comes to his mind. He doesn't sleep that night. He tosses and turns trying to figure out what could possibly be making such a seductive sound.
The next morning, he asks the monks what the sound was, but they say, "We can't tell you. You're not a monk." Distraught, the man is forced to leave.
Years later, after never being able to forget that sound, the man goes back to the monastery and pleads for the answer again.
The monks reply, "We can't tell you. You're not a monk."
The man says, "If the only way I can find out what is making that beautiful sound is to become a monk, then please, make me a monk."
The monks reply, "You must travel the earth and tell us how many blades of grass there are and the exact number of grains of sand. When you find these answers, you will have become a monk."
The man sets about his task.
After years of searching he returns as a gray-haired old man and knocks on the door of the monastery. A monk answers. He is taken before a gathering of all the monks.
"In my quest to find what makes that beautiful sound, I traveled the earth and have found what you asked for: By design, the world is in a state of perpetual change. Only God knows what you ask. All a man can know is himself, and only then if he is honest and reflective and willing to strip away self deception."
The monks reply, "Congratulations. You have become a monk. We shall now show you the way to the mystery of the sacred sound."
The monks lead the man to a wooden door, where the head monk says, "The sound is beyond that door."
The monks give him the key, and he opens the door. Behind the wooden door is another door made of stone. The man is given the key to the stone door and he opens it, only to find a door made of ruby. And so it went that he needed keys to doors of emerald, pearl and diamond.
Finally, they come to a door made of solid gold. The sound has become very clear and definite. The monks say, "This is the last key to the last door."
The man is apprehensive to no end. His life's wish is behind that door!
With trembling hands, he unlocks the door, turns the knob, and slowly pushes the door open. Falling to his knees, he is utterly amazed to discover the source of that haunting and seductive sound......
But, of course, I can't tell you what it is because you're not a monk.
The Top 15 Funniest Jokes From The Edinburgh Fring...
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WILLIAM THE SILENT.
By the Rev. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A.
Outlawry of William of Orange, 1568. His Justification . 221
He raises an armed force . 222
Battles of Heiligerlee and Jemmingen . 223
The Nassaus in France . 224
Triumph of Alva . 225
Taxation proposed by Alva. Resistance . 226
Alva proclaims a royal amnesty. 227
Death of Montigny at Simancas. 228
The Gueux de Mer . 229
Lewis of Nassau takes Valenciennes and Mons . 230
Activity of " Wilhelmus van Nassouwen ",. 231
His army in Brabant. 232
The Camisaders. Surrender of Mons. Assembly of the States of Holland at Dort . 233
Sack of Zutphen, and of Malines . 234
Siege and reduction of Haarlem . 235
Alva quits the Netherlands, 1573. Requesens succeeds him . 237
Negotiations of Orange with England, France, etc. . 238
Zeeland in hands of insurgents. Death of Lewis of Nassau . 239
Siege and relief of Leyden . 240
Conferences at Breda. Marriage of Orange to Charlotte de Bourbon . 241
Spanish conquest of Duiveland and Schouwen. Negotiations with Queen Elizabeth . 242
Act of Federation between Holland and Zeeland . 243
Don John of Austria Governor-General, 1576 . 244
Negotiations for a general Union. The "Spanish Fury" at Antwerp . 245
Pacification of Ghent and Union of Brussels. . 246
"Perpetual Edict." Don John at Brussels . 247
Archduke Matthias in the Netherlands . 248
Agreement between Orange and Anjou . 249
Death of Don John, 1578. Alexander of Parma succeeds. . 250
The "Malcontents." Treaty of Arras. Union of Utrecht . 251
Fall of Maestricht . 252
The Apology of William of Orange . 253
Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours . 254
Anjou at Antwerp. Attempt at assassinating Orange . 255
The " French Fury " at Antwerp. Orange marries Louise de Coligny . 256
Orange accepts the Countship of Holland and Zeeland . 257
Orange at Delft . 258
His assassination by Balthasar Gérard, 1584. 259
ON January 24, 1568, William of Nassau had by sound of the trumpet before the palace in Brussels been proclaimed an outlaw, unless within the space of thrice fourteen days he submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the Council of Troubles ; and this act of proscription had been followed by the kidnapping of William's eldest son from the University of Louvain. Before the allotted six weeks were out, the Prince, on March 3, replied to the proclamation by a manifesto in which, pleading his privileges as a Knight of the Fleece and a member of the Empire, he boldly refused to admit the competency of the tribunal before which he was summoned to appear. This was followed, a month later, by the publication of a lengthy defence of his conduct, entitled Justification of the Prince of Orange against his Calumniators. In this eloquent but somewhat prolix document, in the writing of which the well-known Protestant divine Languet had a share, William deals seriatim with the events of the previous years, which were the causes of the troubles in the Netherlands, and endeavours to prove that the whole blame for the disorders which had occurred lay at the door of the government. In saying this, he was careful to shield the King personally by throwing the whole responsibility upon his evil counsellors, and especially upon Granvelle. On the other hand, while upholding the loyal motives of the authors of the Compromise and the petition of the nobles, he declared positively that these steps were taken " sans son aveu et � son insu,'" and refused to admit that in anything that he had done, whether in the council, in his government, or at Antwerp, could he be accused of not serving his sovereign to the best of his power, or of being actuated by any other motives than the good of the country and the security of the public peace. This Justification, which was published in several languages, was, together with the previous refusal to obey Alva's summons, naturally regarded as an act of open defiance to the Spanish government.
Nor was the defiance confined to words only. At the very time when he wrote his Justification, Orange was busily occupied at Dillenburg
organising an armed force to attack the dominions of the sovereign to whom in his published apology he professed fidelity. Roused by the arrest of Egmont and Hoorn and by the arbitrary and vindictive measures of Alva, he did not scruple to issue commissions to his brother Lewis and others to raise troops for the avowed purpose of expelling the King's armies from the Netherlands for the King's own good.
William's chief difficulty was the financial one. In the smaller German States there were always plenty of mercenaries at hand; but the raising of money to pay them was no easy matter for an exile whose estates were in the hands of his enemies. However, he managed to get together 200,000 florins ; half of which sum was subscribed by Antwerp, Amsterdam, and certain towns of Holland and Zeeland, the other half by private individuals. The Prince himself gave 50,000 florins, Lewis of Nassau 10,000, Culemburg, Hoogstraeten, and van den Berg 30,000 each. John of Nassau pledged his estates on his brother's behalf; and William sold a large part of his plate and jewels. It seemed a mad attempt with such limited resources to venture to invade a land garrisoned by a large veteran army under the command of the most experienced general of the day, the representative of the mightiest and wealthiest monarch in existence. It might have been deemed impossible that so far-sighted and prudent a man as the Prince of Orange would embark upon so hazardous an adventure ; and, in fact, his first efforts ended, as they were bound to end, in hopeless failure. That they were made at all is susceptible of only one explanation. A change had passed over the once gay, pleasure-loving, lavish young nobleman, who with half-mocking indifferentism had lightly promised that he would teach his Lutheran bride to read Amad�s de Gaul and other such amusing books instead of the Holy Scriptures. His spirit had been moved within him by the sufferings and the constancy of the victims of persecution. By slow degrees the Reformed doctrine had been gaining a stronger hold upon him. Since his exile he had not only given himself to the once despised study of God's Word, but had asked the Landgrave of Hesse to send him an Evangelical preacher to help him in his task. The whole tenour of his letters proclaims that his course was henceforth moulded not chiefly, far less entirely, by political ambition, but by deep religious conviction that he was an instrument in the hands of God to rescue his countrymen from pitiless oppression at the hands of the Spanish tyranny. At times, amidst the stress and strain of his great struggle, the conduct of the Prince of Orange may be open to reproach, his methods liable to the charge of opportunism ; but it is scarcely credible that the man did not believe he had a sacred mission to discharge who could thus write in his hour of darkest misfortune to his wife, "lam determined to place myself in the hands of the Almighty, that He may guide me, where it shall be His good pleasure, since 1 see well that I must needs pass this life in misery
and travail, with which I am quite Contented, for I know that I have deserved far greater chastisement ; I pray Him only graciously to enable me to bear everything patiently, as I have done up to the present.'1 His correspondence is full of similar passages.
William's plan in the spring of 1568 was to invade the oppressed provinces simultaneously from three directions. A force of Huguenots and refugees was to attack Artois from France; another, raised by Hoogstraeten, to cross the frontier on the south-east near Maestricht ; another under Lewis of Nassau to enter Friesland from the Ems. The two first-mentioned corps, numbering respectively some 2000 and 3000 men, were ignominiously routed and dispersed by bodies of Spanish troops sent out by Alva to meet them. On the expedition of Lewis at the outset brighter fortune smiled. The Duke had ordered Count 'Aremberg, Governor of Friesland, to enroll a force of 2800 choice veteran troops ; and he despatched Meghem with 1500 more to support him, giving strict orders that the two commanders were not to risk an action until they had united. Count Lewis, who had experienced much difficulty in keeping his undisciplined and irregularly paid mercenaries together, and had only succeeded in doing so by blackmailing the wretched inhabitants, had retreated before Aremberg to a strong position at Heiligerlee, approachable only by a single causeway across morasses. On the morning of May 23, the Spanish troops, pushing on in pursuit and feeling sure of an easy victory, found themselves suddenly floundering in the treacherous quagmire, and suffered a severe defeat with heavy loss. Aremberg himself was killed, as on the other side Adolphus of Nassau, the brave young brother of William and Lewis. The victory was a barren one, but it provoked Alva to take strong measures. The decree of May 28, announcing the confiscation of the possessions of the Prince of Orange and the other exiled nobles, was followed by a number of executions, culminating on June 5 in the deaths of Egmont and Hoorn on the scaffold. The Governor-General then prepared to take the field himself in Friesland at the head of an admirably equipped army of 15,000 men. He drove the discontented and almost mutinous bands of Lewis before him, until he succeeded in penning them up, to the number of 10,000, at Jemmingen, in a small peninsula of land washed on all sides but one by the estuary of the Ems. The fight took place on July 21. The resistance was slight ; there was no way of escape ; and an absolute butchery ensued. Seven Spaniards perished, seven thousand of their hapless opponents. Lewis of Nassau himself escaped by swimming. Alva marched back in triumph, plundering and burning as he went, to Utrecht, where he held a magnificent review of 30,000 infantry and 7000 cavalry, with the view of striking terror into the minds of all would-be rebels. But though the Prince's forces had been shattered in detail, and all seemed lost, his indomitable spirit was not to be crushed even by a disaster like that of Jemmingen. "With God's
help," he wrote to Lewis, " I am determined to go on." In a series of manifestoes he appealed to the Emperor, to the German Princes, to Elizabeth of England, protesting that he was not a rebel, but was fighting, in the best interests of his sovereign, to preserve the civil and religious liberties of his countrymen from being trampled under foot by an illegal and pernicious foreign tyranny. But his appeals fell upon deaf ears. Despairing of help in any of these directions, he next turned to the Huguenots of France ; and in August was feeling his way towards an alliance with Coligny and Cond�.
Meanwhile he had by strenuous exertions succeeded in the beginning of September in collecting near R�mersdorf a force of 18,000 infantry and 7000 cavalry, Germans and Walloons. There being a lack of ready money, this army of mercenaries was in constant ill-humour and not seldom on the verge of mutiny, and was only kept together by the leader's personal importunity and address, sometimes exerted at no slight risk to himself. With these troops Orange crossed the Meuse on the night of October 5 and 6, and advanced into Brabant, where he was joined by a reinforcement of French Huguenots. Knowing that time was on his adversary's side, William was anxious, as soon as possible, to join issue. But the cautious Alva, with a smaller but far better disciplined force, dogged the Prince's steps, following him like his shadow, but always avoiding battle. On one occasion, however, he seized the opportunity of isolating a rear-guard of 3000 men, and cutting them to pieces. It was here that Hoogstraeten received a slight wound, from which he died shortly afterwards. Finding that nothing was to be done, William, whose army was clamouring for arrears of pay, withdrew on November 17 across the French frontier. He then disbanded his forces, after selling what effects he had at his disposal to satisfy their demands. Followed only by a few hundred horse, he with his brothers Henry and Lewis reached the camp of Admiral Coligny. The two younger Nassaus fought like heroes at the bloody defeats of Jarnac and Moncontour ; but William was not present at either of these fights. For some unknown reason he left the Huguenot army, and made his way back through countless perils, disguised as a peasant, to German territory. His enemies have most unwarrantably seized upon this withdrawal from the forefront of danger as a sign that William was a coward at heart. He left the Huguenot camp probably because he saw that he was doing no good there to the cause which lay nearest to his heart. But though he returned to Germany, what could he do ? Well might Alva write, "We may regard the Prince as a dead man ; he has neither influence nor credit." His failures, moreover, had well-nigh destroyed any reputation he possessed for ability and leadership. Afraid of assassination by the agents of Alva, afraid of his creditors, afraid of being placed under the Ban of the Empire, he wandered about from place to place, not daring to take up his residence permanently at Dillenburg. And, all this time, his
misfortunes were rendered doubly intolerable by the shameful conduct of his wife, Anne of Saxony. After the Prince's departure from the Netherlands in 1567 her occasional violent outbursts of passion had given place to a morbid state, bordering on frenzy. She poured forth incessant reproaches upon him ; for some time she refused to live with him ; and finally brought matters to a climax by absconding to Cologne, and giving herself up there to a disreputable life. Up to the last William had treated her with singular patience and kindliness ; but all in vain. At last, in despair, her husband handed her over to the tender mercies of her own family. After an imprisonment of six years, she died insane. The name of Anne of Saxony may nevertheless be gratefully remembered in the Netherlands as that of the mother of Maurice of Nassau.
With the complete failure of Orange's military enterprises Alva's policy seemed triumphant. The man of blood and iron had tamed " the men of butter." His emissaries and executioners were still at work throughout the Provinces ; but no one any longer dared to resist. It is indeed noteworthy how slight was the support given to the invading armies of the Nassaus, and how apathetic was the attitude of the population. The object of Alva's coming to the Netherlands was at least as much political as religious-to crush out autonomy as a prelude to crushing out heresy. The first persons on whom the heavy hand of retribution fell were not the sectaries, but the great Catholic nobles, who had dared to make a stand on behalf of the time-honoured liberties of their native land ; the conventual clergy, who had ventured to resist the taking away of their revenues for supplying incomes to Philip's new Bishops ; and the magistrates of the great municipalities, Catholic almost to a man, who had upheld the immunities of the towns against arbitrary exactions. Emigrants fled away in crowds, yet these by no means consisted entirely of Protestant refugees, but comprised numbers of abbots and monks, and quite a considerable proportion of rich and influential burgesses, who had nothing to fear on the ground of their religious opinions. The fate of Egmont and Hoorn and of Antony van Straelen showed that the only way to escape the clutch of the Blood Council was to put oneself as speedily as possible out of the reach of its jurisdiction. Thousands therefore sought refuge from the tyrant in France, Germany, and England, while the bulk of the people bowed the neck to the yoke in the hopelessness of despair. But the very completeness of his triumph led the Governor to take a step which was to undo all his previous work.
Philip and his Viceroy were always in want of funds. This perennial impecuniousness of the Spanish treasury was at this time accentuated by Queen Elizabeth's seizure at Plymouth, where they had sought refuge, of five Spanish vessels, bringing to the Duke 450,000 ducats. This unlooked-for loss was a most serious blow to Alva. His troops had long been without pay. Money must be had ; and the only way to get it was in the
form of taxes levied on the people. He therefore boldly proposed, at a meeting of the States General summoned at Brussels on March 20,1569, that the delegates should agree to (1) a tax of one per cent., the "hundredth penny," to be levied immediately, but once only, on all property, (2) a tax of five per cent., the "twentieth penny,'1 on all transfers of real estate, (3) a tax of ten per cent., the "tenth penny," on all articles of commerce, to be paid each time they were sold. The twentieth and the tenth penny were to be granted in perpetuity. The Duke counted on thus raising an income of at least 500,000 florins ; and, as the assent of the States was in future to be dispensed with, it could be relied on to come in year by year without further trouble. It was, as he was good enough to explain, the Spanish system of the akabala which worked very well in his own town of Alva. But he forgot that what a despotic government might exact in a poor, thinly-populated agricultural country like Spain, not even armed tyranny could compel in a thriving mercantile and manufacturing community like the Netherlands. This was not a question of theological creeds, or of musty charters, but one which touched to the quick the interests of a population which lived by commerce. The matter was referred back from the States General to the provincial States, only to meet everywhere with the same strong opposition. Petitions poured in against the taxes from the magistracies, from public bodies, from commercial guilds, from private individuals. At last, by dint of threats, the States were terrorised into voting the payment of the 100th penny, once only. But on the question of the other two taxes they were obdurate ; and not till after prolonged struggles was a compromise agreed upon. Alva had to be satisfied with a payment of 2,000,000 florins for two years, the term ending in August, 1571.
From this hour the Duke's supremacy began to wane. His proposed taxes roused to fury the feelings of hatred against him. He had henceforth no friends. Even the pliant Viglius strenuously resisted him in the Council; and such faithful adherents of the Spanish r�gime as Barlaymont, Noircarmes, and Aerschot joined with Viglius in the general chorus of condemnation. The Bishops and clergy were on the same side ; so too was Philip's Council at Madrid. " Everybody turns against me," wrote the Duke, but he swore nevertheless that he would have his own way. When the town and district of Utrecht refused to pay the tax, Alva quartered the regiment of Lombardy upon them ; and, when the insolence and brutality of the soldiery failed to bring the citizens to their knees, the city and district were declared guilty of high treason, their charters and privileges were abolished, and all their property, real and personal, declared to be confiscated to the King's use (December, 1569).
All this time the Prince of Orange was hard at work through his agents, striving to rouse the people to active resistance, and, as a first step, to help in providing the necessary funds for equipping an army
of invasion. The chief of these agents was a certain Jacques de Wesembeke, formerly pensionary of Antwerp, between whom and William there was a constant interchange of letters. Wesembeke travelled from place to place, mainly in Holland and Zeeland, making collections for the rebel cause, and contriving plans for getting possession of various towns. In this correspondence we find William constantly expressing his willingness to come with an army, but reiterating that funds for paying the troops must first be raised, and Wesembeke as constantly regretting that his collections bring in little, that the rich give less than the poor, but promising that if once the Prince and his troops were actually in evidence they would be ready to open their purse-strings.
The general chorus of disapproval that arose against the continued brutality of Alva's treatment of the Netherlands led Philip, slowly as was his wont, to think that the time had come for proclaiming an amnesty. It was true that Alva himself, in claiming that he had restored the Provinces to their rightful obedience to their King, without the least intention of irony, added, "and all this without violence." Alva's views of violence were fortunately, even in that relentless age, quite exceptional. Granvelle from Naples pressed on the King the necessity of using clemency. Already in February, 1569, the subject of the amnesty had been broached with the Governor-General. It did not meet with his approval ; and he found it easy to put forward, as soon as pressure was brought to bear upon him, various reasons for delay. At last the King formally announced to him his will that an amnesty should be proclaimed before the arrival of his fourth bride and niece, Anne of Austria, who was coming down the Rhine to embark at Antwerp for Spain. Accordingly, on July 16,1570, in the great square of Antwerp, the Duke, seated on a throne covered with cloth of gold, and with the Bishops, Councillors of State and other dignitaries grouped around him, read before the assembled people the words of the royal proclamation. It was not a very indulgent document, since there were not less than six classes of offenders excepted ; but to all others pardon was offered, on condition that they should within two months make their peace with the Church and receive absolution. This act of grace accomplished, Alva hastened to meet the new Queen. Anne, however, despite the brilliant festivities which greeted her at Brussels, was painfully reminded that the reign of terror had not yet ceased, when she was entreated by the Dowager Countess of Hoorn, to plead with Philip that her younger son, Montigny, might be spared from sharing his elder brother's doom of death. Anne promised that this should be one of her first requests to her husband. She kept her word, but it was too late. There is no act of Philip's that has cast a darker stain on his memory than the execution of Montigny.
From the moment when the Marquis of Berghen and Floris de
Montmorency, lord of Montigny, set foot in Spain, in 1566, on their mission from Margaret of Parma, it had been the settled determination of Philip that they should not return. Their names had been entered in the King's book of remembrance as those of the leaders of the Netherland national party, with Orange, Egmont, and Hoorn ; and all five had been marked down for destruction. From the first they were virtually captives. Berghen died in 1567, but his colleague lingered on in confinement in the castle of Segovia. His case, like that of other nobles charged with treason in their absence, had been brought before the Tribunal of Blood. Not till the unhappy man had been in prison three years was he sentenced to be beheaded as a traitor, his property being confiscated. For six months no action was taken, but Philip was alarmed at the armaments of Orange ; he had received intimation of the new Queen's promise to the Countess of Hoorn ; and he resolved that Floris de Montmorency must die before her arrival. Philip hereupon arranged in his own cabinet in its most minute details an elaborate scheme by which Montigny should in reality be privately strangled in the castle of Simancas, and yet that all the world should believe that he had died from fever. On the very same day (October 1,1570) on which Philip drew up the programme of the splendid ceremonies that were to attend Anne of Austria's entry into Segovia, he penned an order to the Governor of Simancas for the killing of his prisoner. Arrangements were made that a medical man should call at the castle for several days, bringing medicines for the treatment of one suffering from fever. It was represented to Montigny that a private execution was an act of special grace from the King; and he was allowed to write out a will, as if he were a sick man lying on his death-bed, and also to send a letter of farewell to his wife. On October 16, between one and two o'clock in the morning an executioner arrived and did his office. Thereupon the Governor, acting on his secret instruction, solemnly informed His Majesty that, despite the utmost care of the doctors, Montigny had unhappily succumbed to his disease. Philip affected sorrow, and ordered that the obsequies of the defunct should be performed with all the respect due to his rank, and that his servants should be supplied with suits of mourning.
In the years 1570 and 1571 William and Lewis of Nassau continued indefatigably active, the one at Dillenburg and Arnstadt, the other at La Rochelle and Paris, making preparations diplomatic and material for a new campaign. It was not however by military levies that the cause they championed was to gain its first solid successes. The year 1569 saw some eighteen vessels armed with letters of marque from the Prince of Orange in his capacity as a sovereign prince, cruising in the narrow seas under the command of the lord of Dolhain. It was the insignificant beginning of that sea-power which was destined ere long to cover the ocean with its fleets and to plant its colonies in every
continent. These corsairs-for such they really were-were manned by crews of many nationalities, mostly wild and lawless desperadoes, hating papists and Spaniards with a fierce hatred, and caring nought for dangers and privations so long as they were provided with plenty of fighting and plundering. The " Sea-Beggars " (Gueux de Mer) as they were called, speedily made their presence felt. Already in February, 1570, three hundred vessels had fallen a prey to them, and enormous booty. In April the number of their ships had risen to eighty-four. One great difficulty from the first confronted them-the lack of ports in which to take refuge and land their plunder. Everywhere they spread terror and alarm to such an extent that William, who found that no share of the spoil ever reached him, while their reckless acts of cruelty and pillaging brought disrepute on his name, determined, if possible, to subject them to better control. He accordingly drew up strict regulations, as a condition to his issuing further letters of marque. One of these prescribed that one-third of the booty was to belong to the Prince ; the others dealt with matters of discipline, order, and religious observances. With the view of carrying these rules into effect, the lord of Lumbres was appointed to be admiral in the place of Dolhain. The regulations remained a dead letter, no commander could control the crews, even if he wished, and the wild excesses of the Sea-Beggars continued to be the dread of friends and foes alike.
Under Lumbres, their chief leaders were William de Blois, lord of Treslong, a man as capable as he was fearless, and William de la Marck, lord of Lumey, a worthy descendant of the famous Wild Boar of the Ardennes-bold, cruel, revelling in deeds of blood. Terrible barbarities were executed upon the hapless priests and monks and Catholic magistrates by the rovers, as they sailed up and down the coasts and into the estuaries, in revenge for Alva's persecutions ; and vast stores of plate, church ornaments and treasures, and money ransoms, were carried back by them to their ships. The difficulty as to finding harbours of refuge had been partly removed by the secret connivance of Queen Elizabeth. The Beggars were allowed to put in at various English ports, there to refit and revictual their vessels, to dispose of their plunder and beat up recruits. But suddenly this privilege came to an end. Strong representations were made to Elizabeth by the Spanish government ; and, as the Queen at the moment had no desire to irritate Philip, a proclamation was issued forbidding the rebels the use of the English havens. The consequences of this prohibition were momentous. A fleet of some twenty-eight vessels under Lumbres and Treslong, having been denied refuge in England, was cruising off the shores of Holland, when a strong westerly wind forced it to seek refuge in the estuary of the Meuse, and to cast anchor off Brill. Finding that the Spanish garrison had marched out to quell a disturbance at Utrecht it was hastily determined (April 1, 1572) to seize the town. One of
the gates was destroyed by fire; and the Beggars, to the number of six hundred, marched in, pillaging the churches and religious houses, and treating with their usual barbarity all priests, monks, and Catholic officials whom they met. After collecting all the spoil they could, the marauders were on the point of returning to their ships, when Treslong proposed that they should strengthen the fortifications, and continue to hold the town as a place of refuge. It was no sooner said than done. The inhabitants were forced to take the oath to the Prince of Orange, as Stadholder in the name of the King ; and for the first time that flag was hoisted over the little port, which was the symbol of the new sea Power on that day born into the world.
Lewis of Nassau at Rochelle, with his keen and alert spirit, at once saw the importance of this bold stroke, and forthwith turned his eyes to the yet more important town of Flushing, the key of Zeeland, which commanded the approach to Antwerp. Alva, too, after in vain attempting to recover Brill, gave orders that the garrison and defences of Flushing should be strengthened, and that Pachecho, his famous Italian engineer, should do his utmost to complete the citadel, which he had already begun. But he was too late. The citizens, urged by a messenger from Lewis of Nassau rose in revolt. Treslong hastened to their assistance. His wild mariners forced an entrance into the town and put to the sword the scanty Spanish garrison. Pachecho himself was captured and hanged. The consequences of this success were enormous. The Sea-Beggars, whose ranks were now swollen by crowds of refugees, speedily made themselves supreme over the whole island of Walcheren, except the town of Middelburg. In a very short time they rendered themselves masters also of Delfshaven and Schiedam ; and the movement of revolt spread like wildfire through Holland, "Zeeland, Gelderland, Utrecht, and Friesland. The principal towns submitted themselves to the Prince of Orange as their lawful Stadholder, and acknowledged his authority.
Meanwhile, Lewis of Nassau, who had been for a long time conducting elaborate and intricate negotiations with the view of obtaining help for the cause not merely from the Huguenots, but from Elizabeth of England and from Charles IX himself, had been to a considerable extent successful. The French King was persuaded that it was to his interest to assist the Nassaus, at least to the extent of giving them a free hand in raising troops, and in invading the Netherlands from French territory. Lewis, however, with all his high qualities, lacked something of his brother's prudence and caution. His first move, by its very suddenness and daring, was at the outset successful. With a small force, raised in France and paid for by French money, he dashed into Hainault with such unexpected rapidity that he seized Valenciennes, and then captured Mons (May 23) before Alva had made any move'to oppose him. At Mons he fortified himself. But the population was doubtful and suspicious; and Lewis found himself looked upon as an enemy, as
soon as he attempted to enforce discipline and raise supplies. An army under Don Frederick of Toledo, Alva's natural son, moved against him ; and, unable to advance, as he had hoped, into Brabant, he found himself blockaded in Mons by a superior force. There was hope, however, that William would come to the rescue, and so Lewis prepared himself for sustained and vigorous defence. The almost simultaneous capture by the rebels of Brill and Flushing in the north, and of Valenciennes and Mons in the south, could not fail to distract and divide the Spanish forces, and open the way to the army which Orange had so long been collecting on the eastern frontier.
The Prince, with his usual circumspection, at first received the news of the capture of Brill with doubtful satisfaction. But the subsequent seizure of Flushing, followed as it was by a series of successes elsewhere, lent a different aspect to the operations of the Sea-Beggars. William now surpassed himself by the variety and activity of his correspondence. His agents and fellow-workers were to be found everywhere, many of their communications being written under feigned names and dealing apparently with ordinary business transactions. The two merchants George and Lambert Certain, for instance, were none other than William and Lewis of Nassau. Among those who toiled with the greatest zeal on his behalf were Sainte Aldegonde and Wesembeke, not only by their personal intercourse with others, as they moved about from place to place, but by their prolific pens, and by a skilled literary power, especially notable in Sainte Aldegonde. Two publications of this date had a great effect in stirring up the popular feeling in William's favour. The one was the famous war-song of the revolt, the Wilhelmus van Nassouwen, still the national hymn of the Netherlands, the authorship of which is almost universally assigned to Sainte Aldegonde. The other was the eloquent appeal to the people, which, soon after the taking of Brill was scattered broadcast through the country as if emanating from the Prince of Orange, but which recent evidence shows to have been written by Wesembeke in William's name and without his knowledge. But lack of funds was still the burden of the letters from Dillenburg. Contributions from Elizabeth and Charles IX had indeed helped to replenish the Prince's empty treasury, and to this had been added a portion of the booty captured by the Sea-Beggars ; but the collections made in the provinces themselves had not as yet yielded much. But the sight of Brill and Flushing in the hands of Orange's followers not only caused other towns to throw open their gates, but led the rich burghers to open their purses. The first to offer from his private resources a large sum to William was Arend van Dorp, a man of position in Veere and Zevenbergen, who went in person to Dillenburg and on May 23 placed 10,000 florins at the Prince's disposal. It happened that at that very time a number of German Princes had met at the castle to discuss the question of raising
troops to serve under Orange. The action of van Dorp had no small effect in increasing the Prince's credit and in inducing them to give the permission that was required.
Such was the vigour with which the enlisting was now pressed on that on June 29 William set out from Dillenburg at the head of 1000 horse, and on July 9 was able to cross the Rhine near Duisburg with some 20,000 men and to penetrate into Gelderland. He quickly took Roeremonde ; but this success was marred by the sacking of churches and the barbarous treatment of the priests and monks in the town. Though in all his proclamations William always laid stress on his desire for religious toleration, his lack of ready money made him dependent upon his unpaid soldiery. From Roeremonde the Prince advanced into Brabant; but here the news reached him that a force of 5000 Huguenots, which the Seigneur de Genlis was leading to the relief of Mons, had been cut in pieces by the Spaniards. Always timid as a general, William retreated and pitched his camp at Hellarde on the banks of the Meuse, close to Roeremonde, and did not move again till August 27. He then marched into Limburg ; and again his course was marked by excesses and destruction of property, the desecration of churches, and the killing and maltreating of ecclesiastics. Herenthal, Tirlemont, and Diest fell into his hands, but Louvain shut her gates against him. Passing on, he arrived within a league of Brussels ; but, although the Spanish garrison was very small, such was the terror created by the misdeeds of William's mercenaries that the Duke of Aerschot had no difficulty in rousing the inhabitants to resist. The Prince did not feel himself strong enough to besiege the town, which he had hoped would welcome him. At this moment of discouragement information was brought to him of the Massacre of St Bartholomew. All his plans had been framed on the confident expectation that Coligny, according to the understanding with him to which the French King had been a party, would come to his help with 12,000 arquebusiers. And now his hopes were dashed to the ground. " Quel coup de massue cela nous ait est� ! " he wrote to his brother; "my sole hope was from the side of France." A bold dash southwards might still have saved Mons, but Orange turned to the north, where for a while he seemed successful. Archi�piscopal Malines was surrendered to him ; and shortly afterwards Termonde and Oudenarde shared the same fate. A considerable part of the southern provinces was already in his power. But Alva was pursuing a masterly game of his own. The issue of the campaign he knew well depended upon the capture of Mons, and to effect this he deliberately denuded the rest of the country of troops. William also saw that his successes elsewhere availed little if he allowed Lewis and his army to be taken prisoners, so at last he turned his steps towards Hainault.
On September 11 he reached the village of Harmignies, about a league from Mons. During the following night the Spanish captain,
Julian de Romero, at the head of a body of six hundred men, who, to prevent mistakes in the dark, each wore a white shirt over his armour, made their way stealthily into the camp of Orange, where the Camisaders all but succeeded in capturing William himself asleep in his tent. He was however awakened by a favourite lap-dog that lay at his feet, and escaped just in time. But some eight hundred of his followers were slain; and the moral effect of the blow decided the issue of the campaign. On the following morning the Prince gave orders to retreat, and ignominiously made his way back to Malines. The expedition so long and laboriously prepared thus utterly collapsed ; and William was pronounced to be not only incapable as a general, but pusillanimous as a man. Six days after the affair of Harmignies Mons surrendered. Alva granted the garrison most favourable conditions, and showed the most punctilious courtesy to the chivalrous and unfortunate Lewis of Nassau, who, prostrate with fever, was borne out on a litter. Slowly he made his way to Roeremonde, and thence to Dillenburg, where under the skilful nursing of his devoted mother he once more recovered his health.
William, meanwhile, saw that, so far as the southern provinces were concerned, the game was up. But in the north the spirit of resistance to Spanish tyranny was still vigorous ; and the Prince now made up his mind to throw in his lot for good and all with the brave Hollanders and Zeelanders, who were so gallantly struggling against overwhelming odds, "being resolved," as he wrote (October 22) to his brother John, "to maintain the affair there as long as possible and decided to find there my grave." From henceforth William, though in name a Proven�al Prince and a German Count, became a Netherlander pure and simple, and absolutely identified himself with the interests and fortunes of the people, to whom he was already bound by so many ties.
After the success of the Sea-Beggars in capturing Brill and Flushing and the adhesion of a large number of towns to the cause of which the Prince of Orange was the champion, Alva's authority had practically ceased to exist in Zeeland, Utrecht, Overyssel, and Friesland, except in places garrisoned by Spanish troops. In the early summer of 1572 William, as Stadholder in the name of the King, had issued a summons to the States of Holland to assemble. Deputies were sent by eight towns, and met, on July 15, at Dort. Sainte Aldegonde, as the Prince's representative, addressed them in a long and eloquent speech, with the result that William was by a unanimous vote recognised as lawful Stadholder. Liberty of worship was to be established both for Protestant and Romanist. De la Marck was appointed to be Admiral ; Paul Buys, so well known later, to be Advocate; and a large and liberal grant of supplies was voted for the prosecution of military operations. William, therefore, as he travelled from Enckhuysen through Haarlem and Leyden to Delft, where he fixed his permanent abode, found everywhere a
resolute people, and all the elements of a regular government, in which he exercised an almost dictatorial authority.
At the beginning of the year 1572 Alva had fallen considerably in his master's esteem ; and the Duke of Medina Coeli had been sent from Spain to enquire into his conduct of affairs, and no doubt finally to supersede him, as Alva had himself superseded the Duchess of Parma. But Medina Coeli, after narrowly escaping capture by the Sea-Beggars, found that the dangers of invasion, which threatened the provinces from so many quarters, demanded the strong hand of a military chief rather than of an administrator ; and Alva retained his governorship. In denuding the country of garrisons in order to concentrate a great army round Mons, and in refusing to be tempted by Orange's advance and successes from the prosecution of the siege, the Duke played at once a bold and a cautious game. He staked everything on the venture; but, when Mons was captured, and the mutinous army of his adversary melted away before its first reverse, Alva's thoughts immediately turned to vengeance. The danger had been great, the retribution must be exemplary. Malines was the most important of the towns which had surrendered to the Prince of Orange ; and on it fell the first brunt of his wrath. In vain the clergy begged the Governor to have pity; the town was for three days handed over to the tender mercies of a brutal soldiery, who tortured, pillaged, and maltreated the inhabitants, without making any distinction between Romanist and Protestant, loyalist and rebel. At length, gorged with plunder, the troops under Don Frederick of Toledo moved northwards in search of other prey.
Worse still was to follow. The sack of Zutphen was even more horrible than that of Malines ; and the utter destruction of Naarden by fire and by sword was more inhuman in its cruelty than either. In this little town nearly the whole population, men, women, and children, were deliberately butchered. " It has been by the permission of God," Alva wrote to the King, "that they have been so blinded as to wish to resist in a town that no one in the world would have thought of defending, so weak was it."
Naarden was near to Amsterdam ; and, while Don Frederick was forcing his way to the Zuyderzee, another Spanish force under Mondragon had reconquered the greater part of Zeeland. At the head of 3000 men, this intrepid leader had at the end of October, 1572, marched at the ebb tide across the shallow channel, ten miles broad, which separates the island of South Beveland from the mainland, and had seized by surprise its chief town, Tergoes. The water, as they crossed, rose to the breasts and shoulders of the soldiers. But their deeds of horror had filled the minds of the stern Hollanders and Zeelanders with the fierce and indomitable courage of despair; and the long narrow strip of swampy, half-submerged land stretching from the Scheldt to the Helder became the scene of one of the most prolonged and ferocious struggles that the world has ever seen.
The great port of Amsterdam had remained loyal to the King ; but only ten miles distant lay Haarlem, a very hotbed of fierce Calvinism. The road between the two towns passed along a narrow causeway following the dyke, which parted the vast mere, known as the Haarlem Sea, from the estuary of the Y, which was really an arm of the Zuyderzee. Haarlem was thus protected by two great sheets of shallow water to the east and north; on the south was a large wood, and, a few miles to the west beyond the sand dunes, the ocean. Against this rebel town, at the beginning of December, Don Frederick advanced from Amsterdam at the head of an apparently irresistible army of thirty thousand Spanish, Walloon, and German veterans, expecting that he could easily carry the weak defences of the place at the first assault. But the fate of Zutphen and Naarden had roused in the citizens a stubborn and almost frenzied spirit of resistance and defiance. The garrison numbered about 4000 men ; and their commander, Ripperda, was a man of conspicuous bravery and unflagging energy and resourcefulness. After a fierce bombardment, the Spaniards on December 21 tried to effect a lodgment in the town by storm ; but the assailing columns were beaten off after desperate hand to hand fighting with heavy loss. Thus foiled, Don Frederick changed his plans. His engineers set to work for a formal siege by regular approaches. Amidst the bitter cold and icy fogs of midwinter, by night as well as by day, the struggle went on, above ground and below, as besiegers and besieged mined and countermined, and breaches were made in the ramparts only to be repaired under cover of the darkness. At last, on January 81,1573, Toledo ordered another great assault. It ended, like that of December 21, in grievous loss and failure. Toledo was now disposed to give up in despair; but Alva threatened to disown him as his son if he retired. The siege was therefore turned into a blockade. Since Haarlem could not be captured by the sword, it must be reduced by famine. As week after week passed, the investing army was for some time in an even more sorry plight than that within the walls. Spaniard and Hollander strove to outvie one another in deeds of savage cruelty and vengeance. The gibbets on the town walls and in the Spanish camp stood face to face, each garnished with its crop of victims, neither side giving quarter. Toledo announced the defeats of the relief armies, by throwing into the town the heads of captured leaders with suitable inscriptions ; the citizens replied by rolling a barrel into the Spanish lines containing eleven heads, with the statement that ten were for payment of the tenth penny to Alva, the eleventh for interest for the delay in discharge of the debt. The besieged also did their utmost to shock the religious feelings of their adversaries by parodying the Catholic rites and ceremonies on the ramparts. Savage religious intolerance was equally rampant on both sides ; and, if the Spaniards exacted bloody reprisals on the garrison, no small provocation had been given.
Meanwhile, the Prince of Orange had been exerting himself to the
very utmost for the relief of the town, but in vain. A force of 3000 men under de La Marck was completely cut to pieces ; a second under Batenburg subsequently met the same fate. At first, during the long, dark, foggy nights communication was kept up with the town by means of swift skaters over the frozen water; but as spring came on, this mode of approach had to be changed for that of shallow boats creeping through the rushes, protected by a flotilla on the lake. But the Spaniards succeeded in introducing a fleet under Bossu from the Y, which after a long and bloody engagement vanquished William's ships, and thus cut off all communication with the town from outside. A last despairing effort was made in July by a force of 4000 undisciplined volunteers, again under Batenburg ; but these were easily routed by the veteran troops of Don Frederick, and their leader was killed. At last, on July 11, 1573, the town, after shoe-leather, vermin, and weeds had been consumed by the famishing inhabitants, surrendered.
Of the four thousand men who formed the garrison only sixteen hundred survived. All of these, with the exception of the Germans, were deliberately butchered in cold blood ; and their gallant leaders, Ripperda and Lancelot Brederode, were hanged. Some four hundred of the principal citizens were likewise put to death ; but the rest were spared, and the town was saved from pillage on consenting to pay a fine of 250,000 guilders. The Spaniards had suffered even more terrible losses during this seven months' siege, at least 12,000 men having perished, more by disease and privation than by the sword. William had to endure many reproaches for his failure in relieving Haarlem and for not having taken the field in person. But he knew that the continuance of the struggle depended upon his life. He had, indeed, a difficult part to play. The very staunchest of the patriots began to despair ; but the spirit which breathes through all William's utterances at this time is that of absolute trust in God, and submission to His will. When his followers urged that the cause was hopeless without an alliance with some great potentate, he nobly replied, " When I took in hand to defend these oppressed Christians I made an alliance with the mightiest of all Potentates-the God of Hosts, who is able to save us if He choose."
The splendid defence of Haarlem had, however, wide-reaching effects ; and Alva, already in bad odour with the King for his failure in pacifying the country, became more and more embittered when he found that the fall of that town, and what he was pleased to call his clemency to its inhabitants, did not lead to a general submission. He actually advised the King to allow him utterly to destroy and burn to the ground every town that showed resistance. In August he despatched Don Frederick at the head of 16,000 troops to attack Alkmaar, with orders to put every living creature within the walls to death. But the burghers, about 2000 in number, valiantly defended themselves. An assault, after desperate
fighting was driven off with heavy loss to the Spaniards. By the counsel of Orange the dykes were cut ; and Don Frederick saw himself in danger of being hemmed in by the rising waters. So, after a seven weeks' siege, he abandoned the attempt to take the town. The retreat of his soldiers, mutinous for want of pay, was marked by rapine and disorders of every kind. With this defeat all hope of being able to advance victoriously through Holland was at an end. Even greater success attended the Beggars upon the sea. Off Enckhuysen the Spanish fleet was, on October 11, completely worsted by the Dutch; and Admiral Bossu himself was taken prisoner. William was thus able to make the admiral's life a hostage for that of Sainte Aldegonde, who had been surprised and seized by the Spaniards at Maaslandsluis.
The Duke of Alva, detested throughout the Netherlands, accused by the royalists of bringing disaster on the country, ill-supported by the King, with no money to pay his mutinous soldiery and with the fleets of Orange riding triumphant on the Zuyderzee and the Meuse, now besought his master to appoint a successor to him in a post in which he had sacrificed health, strength, and reputation. His request was granted; and the Grand Commander, Don Luis Requesens, was appointed to take his place. On December 18,1573, Alva left Brussels for Spain, having persisted to the last in the truculent and pitiless policy which had marked the six bloodstained years of his rule.
The coming of Requesens was marked by repeated efforts to bring about a settlement through direct negotiations. Marnix, in his captivity, was prevailed upon to urge the Prince to make terms. Various intermediaries, Dr Leoninus, Hugo Bonticus, Champagny, and others, engaged with him in correspondence or had interviews with him on the subject. But it was all in vain. William could never be moved from the inexorable three conditions which he always laid down as the basis for any accommodation : freedom of worship and liberty to preach the Gospel according to the Word of God; the restoration and maintenance of all the ancient charters, privileges, and liberties of the land ; the withdrawal of all Spaniards and other foreigners from all posts and employments, civil and military. Unless these conditions were granted, the Hollanders and Zeelanders would fight to the last man ; and, as he wrote to his brother John, " If these poor people should be abandoned by all the world, yet, if they are obstinate in resisting as they have been hitherto, it will cost our enemies the half of Spain, both in money and in men, before that they have triumphed over us." Meanwhile the Stadholder identified himself yet more closely with the cause he had made his own by publicly, October 23, declaring himself a member of the Calvinist communion. There can be little doubt that this step was taken by William of Orange from motives of high policy to strengthen his authority in the Provinces, which he had just induced to give him almost sovereign powers and to vote him, what they had
refused to Philip II, a large fixed subsidy. The Prince was undoubtedly more sincerely religious than either Elizabeth of England or Henry of Navarre ; but. in him as in them, the instincts of the statesman and the patriot were stronger than his convictions in favour of any particular creed. The impulse that led him in an age of bigotry and persecution to uphold consistently liberty of conscience to the individual and toleration of all forms of belief in law-abiding citizens, influenced him to profess openly the predominant creed of his followers, that he might thus be enabled the more easily to control their fanaticism. The same spirit is to be discerned in all his negotiations with foreign Powers. His one object was to obtain help ; and to get this he was willing to make almost any concession or sacrifice, and to bear patiently any amount of false dealing, chicanery, and even downright rebuffs. With Elizabeth, with Charles IX, with the Emperor and the German Princes, he was in constant communication, indefatigably striving to obtain their good offices to the Netherland cause, by playing off the hopes and fears of one against another, and those of all against Philip of Spain. He was ready to acknowledge Elizabeth as sovereign of the Low Countries, and to hand over to her several towns as pledges, if she would openly give the rebels armed assistance. But Elizabeth, though at times she allowed both men and money to be sent from England, would not take any definite steps of hostility against the Spanish King or give any positive promises. The same offer was made to Charles IX. Compensation was offered to France in the southern provinces, and the sovereignty to one of the King's brothers. Here again, however, though help was given secretly, little could be achieved. Charles was nearing the end of his days ; the Duke of Anjou had just been elected King of Poland ; the Duke of Alen�on was suing for Elizabeth's hand and intriguing with the Huguenots. If Orange's methods do not always commend themselves for straightforwardness, if he met duplicity with duplicity, and cunningness with greater cunning, it must be remembered that he was reduced at times to almost desperate straits, and that those with whom he had to deal were absolutely unscrupulous. The volumes of Gachard are full of evidence as to the continual plots that were on foot to end his life by the knife or bullet of the assassin, and prove moreover that Philip and his chief councillors deemed that such an act, if consummated, would be not only excusable, but meritorious in the eyes of heaven. Requesens received repeated orders from Madrid to find some means of despatching both William and Lewis of Nassau; and, far from demurring, the Grand Commander only expressed regret " that there was small hope of success unless God should help him." The Prince on his part, fully informed through the agency of his paid spies of all that passed in Philip's inmost councils, was able to avoid all the traps laid for him ; and, despite so much provocation to retaliate, there is not a shred of testimony to show that he ever
stooped to employ against his adversaries the same base and cowardly weapons which so frequently threatened his own life.
The beginning of the year 1574 saw Leyden invested by the Spaniards in great force, and Mondragon shut up in Middelburg, the last stronghold that remained to the King in Zeeland. The issue in the case of Middelburg depended upon the mastery of the sea ; and its fate was determined by a bloody victory gained by the fierce Sea-Beggars under the command of Admiral Boisot near Bergen over the Spanish fleet under the very eyes of the Governor-General. Mondragon surrendered on honourable terms, after being reduced to the last extremity, on February 18 ; and Zeeland fell into the hands of the rebels. But this success was immediately counterbalanced by a heavy disaster. Lewis of Nassau had been busily engaged all the winter with his wonted energy in raising troops, with the intention of leading a force to the help of his brother, and of effecting a diversion for the relief of Leyden. He wrote personally to Charles IX, pleading eloquently for help, and not without effect. With a large sum of money received from the French King he hastily equipped a force of some seven thousand foot and three thousand horse-a force of mixed nationalities, partly volunteers, partly mercenaries, with no cohesion or discipline, and at once crossed the Rhine ; with him were his brothers John and Henry, and Christopher, son of the Elector Palatine. After failing in an attempt to take Maestricht by surprise, he advanced along the right bank of the Meuse in the hope of being able to join William, who had set out to meet him at the head of six thousand men. But a strong body of royal troops under the command of the skilful and experienced old soldier, Sancho d'Avila, managed to fall unexpectedly upon the disorderly array of the Nassaus at Mookerheide near Nymegen, and with scarcely any loss utterly annihilated it. Count John escaped with his life; but his two brothers and Duke Christopher were never seen again. Scarcely less to be regretted than the chivalrous Lewis of Nassau, whose enthusiasm and restless energy had played so great a part in the stormy history of his times, was the gallant Henry, the youngest of the band of brothers and the third to lay down his life for the cause of liberty. The one was but thirty-six, the other twenty-four ; and their loss was a grievous blow to William, who loved them both.
The invasion of Lewis, followed as it was by a mutiny of the royal troops, who, irritated by not receiving their arrears of pay, had chosen a general of their own and seized Antwerp, led to a suspension for two months of the siege of Leyden. Unfortunately the inhabitants failed to utilise this interval by laying in an adequate store of supplies. On May 26 a powerful Spanish army under Valdez again invested the town, and by means of a circle of redoubts completely shut out all hope of military relief. It was now that William conceived the desperate plan of submerging the land, and conducting a fleet across the flooded fields
to attack the Spaniards in their entrenchments. He succeeded in persuading the States of Holland to order, on June 30, that the dykes should be cut and the sluices opened, thus allowing the pent-up waters of the sea, the Rhine, the Waal, and the Meuse to swallow up with their devastating flood the fruits of the painful labour of centuries. " It is better," he said, "to ruin the land than to lose the land"-such was his convincing argument. The waters, however, spread but slowly, and hope began to sink in the hearts of the brave defenders of Leyden. At this critical moment, too, William was himself stricken down by a violent swamp fever. The report spread that he was dead ; but his indomitable spirit even on his sick-bed never gave way, and he continued to write letters and dispatches and to urge on the preparations for relief. Two hundred vessels of light draught were collected under Admiral Boisot, armed and manned by Sea-Beggars of Zeeland. But contrary winds prevented the waters from rising sufficiently high to carry the ships to Leyden, through whose streets the gaunt spectre of famine was now stalking. Driven to despair, a number of the citizens gathered one day round the heroic burgomaster, van der Werff, who had been throughout the soul of the defence, and began reproaching him with their calamities. But he told the half-famished murmurers that he had taken an oath not to yield the city and would keep his word. "Here is my sword," he exclaimed, " plunge it, if you will, into my heart, and divide my flesh among you to appease your hunger; but expect no surrender as long as I am alive." From that day forth there was no more flinching. At last, on October 1, the wind changed ; a furious westerly gale arose and drove the waters over the land ; and Boisot's vessels, sailing through trees and farm-buildings across the intervening country, at length made their way to the Spanish lines. A succession of desperate combats placed the outermost forts in the assailants' hands. The strongest yet remained to be taken, but further fighting proved unnecessary. Seized by a panic, lest they should be overwhelmed by the rising flood, the Spaniards abandoned the rest of their defences during the night and fled. On October 3 the ships of Boisot, laden with provisions, entered Leyden in triumph. A letter was at once sent to the Stadholder and reached him at Delft in church. After the sermon was ended, the glad tidings were read out from the pulpit ; and then William, still weak from his illness, hurried off to congratulate the citizens of Leyden on their marvellous defence, and yet more marvellous rescue. In honour of this great deliverance he founded the University which has since for three centuries made the name of Leyden illustrious in all branches of learning.
During the nine months that followed there was practically a cessation of hostilities. The Spanish armies were mutinous for lack of pay, Requesens with his empty exchequer being unable to satisfy their demands and hampered by opposition even from among the Belgian loyalists. " As to hatred for our nation, those who are in the
service of your Majesty do not yield in any way to the rebels," he wrote to the King. Requesens was a man neither of strong character nor of popular manners, and unable to speak the language of the country. Nor did Philip, who, after the death of his favourite, Ruy Gomez, had been seized by a distaste for affairs, do anything to make the Governor-General's task more easy. Something like a deadlock ensued. Requesens complained (April 7, 1575) that for five months he had not received a single communication from His Majesty. In these circumstances he endeavoured to find a way out of his difficulties by negotiations. Envoys were sent to the Prince of Orange to try to win him over by favourable terms. Conferences were held at Breda, but with no result. The utmost concession that Philip would make to adherents of the Reformed faith was that they should be allowed an interval of time in which to sell their property and leave the land. Neither the States of Holland nor Zeeland nor the Stadholder would listen for a moment to such conditions.
These months of comparative repose were not, however, spent by the Prince solely in futile negotiations. On June 24, 1575, he married Charlotte de Bourbon, daughter of the Duke of Montpensier, and thus a member of the royal House of France. This event casts a peculiar light on William's temperament and character. His wife, Anne of Saxony, was still alive ; and Charlotte de Bourbon was a runaway and renegade nun. Having secretly embraced the Reformed faith, she fled from the Abbey of Jouarre, of which she was head, to the Puritan Court of Heidelberg, to place herself under the protection of the Elector Palatine and his wife. It was soon after this that during a passing visit to Heidelberg (1572) William had made her acquaintance. He had never seen her since, but he now asked her to be his wife, and she consented. In vain Charlotte's father angrily refused his consent ; in vain the Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse stormed ; in vain his own family remonstrated, and his only surviving brother wrote long letters of sorrowful reproach. Having obtained from five Protestant divines a formally attested statement that they held him " free to marry again by human and divine law," he sent Sainte Aldegonde to conduct his bride from Heidelberg to Emden, and thence to Brill. On the very day after her arrival on Dutch soil the wedding was celebrated with much ceremony and festivity at the church of Brill ; and " la nonne" as his enemies called her, became Princess of Orange. The union proved to be one of the greatest happiness ; and Charlotte was worthy, by her qualities of both head and heart, to share William's fortunes.
After the failure of the conferences at Breda, hostilities were renewed by the Spaniards with energetic determination. The royalist forces amounted to 50,000 foot and 5000 horse, and were irresistible in the field. Oudewater and Schoonhoven were captured in August ; and then Requesens conceived the bold project of emulating the great achievement
of Mondragon in 1572, by marching a force through the shallow waters to seize the islands of Duiveland and Schouwen. Close to Tholen, which had remained in Spanish hands since Mondragon's adventurous conquest, lay a small deserted islet known as Philipsland, which careful soundings had revealed to be connected with Schouwen by a narrow ridge of submerged land. By following this ridge at low water it was possible to wade across the strait, four miles wide, which separated the islands. A narrower and yet more shallow piece of water divided Duiveland from Schouwen, For this enterprise Requesens selected three thousand men, consisting in equal parts of Spaniards, Walloons, and Germans, all picked troops. Half were placed under the old hero Mondragon, the other half under the equally experienced Don Osorio d'Ulloa, who was the actual leader of the forlorn hope. On September 27, in the dead of night, amidst thunder and lightning, with the water rising at times up to their necks and the Zeeland mariners harassing them with cannon and musketry fire through the darkness, and even assailing them with harpoons and boathooks, the veterans struggled on through the waters. Many were killed and wounded by the Zeelanders ; a still larger number missed their footing on the narrow spit and were drowned; but at length the main body reached the opposite shore and made good their landing. The garrison, whose leader, Charles Boisot, was shot by his own men, was seized with panic and abandoned Duiveland to the invaders. These pressed on to Schouwen, which, with the exception of the capital, Zierickzee, was quickly conquered. For nine months Zierickzee, which was well fortified and provisioned, held out against Mondragon ; but after a brave resistance it surrendered in July, 1576. Thus the Spaniards once more became possessed of an outlet upon the ocean, and had moreover effectually cut off all communication between Walcheren and South Holland.
Orange accordingly found himself hemmed in on every side. His sea-power alone enabled him still to hold out in a little corner of land of which Delft was the centre ; but he lacked both men and money, and without help from outside saw no prospect of effectual resistance to the overwhelming forces around him. In these desperate circumstances he once more turned for aid, first to France and then to England. His own inclinations were towards France ; but Henry III, who had just succeeded to the throne, was too much embarrassed at the moment by the civil commotions in his own kingdom to be able to lend assistance to others. William therefore had no choice but to fall in with the wishes of the States of Holland, and make approaches to Elizabeth. An embassy had audience of the Queen on November 14. They were authorised to offer her the sovereignty of Holland and Zeeland, on condition that she would assist them with all her power in their struggle against Spain. But Elizabeth was not fond either of rebels or of Calvinists; and, when Champagny, as special envoy from Requesens,
had arrived at her Court, she took care, as was her wont, to coquet with both parties without committing herself in any way to either. She declined the proffered sovereignty, but promised to the Dutch envoys her secret support. Elizabeth in fact looked at the matter from a purely English point of view. She wished to keep the insurrection alive, in order, first, that Philip might thus find his hands full and be prevented from taking any steps on behalf of Mary Stewart, and, secondly, that the Netherlanders might not offer in despair the sovereignty of the Provinces to the King of France. From William's letters at this time it is plain that, though resolved still to fight to the last, his hopes of prolonging resistance had sunk very low. But a gleam of light came unexpectedly amidst the darkness. Requesens caught a fever and died suddenly, March, 1576. This unforeseen demise of the Governor-General for awhile threw everything into confusion in the royalist ranks ; and, before a successor could take up the reins of government, a breathing space was thus allowed to the Stadholder.
His first step was to summon a meeting of the States of Holland and Zeeland at Delft to consolidate the union between the two Provinces which had been provisionally effected the previous year. They met ; and on April 25, 1576 (the Prince's birthday), an Act of Federation was agreed upon and duly signed. This Act, which consisted of eighteen articles, may be regarded as the germ of the Republic of the United Provinces. By this compact supreme authority was conferred upon the Prince of Orange, as sovereign and chief (souverein en overhoqfd). He was invested in fact, as ad interim ruler, with all the prerogatives belonging to the Spanish monarch as successor to the Counts of Holland. Thus this little group of republics (for each municipality was practically an independent entity) agreed to place in his hands a power, such as they had been unwilling to concede to any of their actual sovereigns. Not only in military matters was he, as commander-in-chief by land and sea, absolutely supreme ; but he had in his hands the final appointment to all political and judicial posts, and to vacant city magistracies. As regards religion, William undertook to maintain the Protestant Reformed faith, and to put down all forms of worship contrary to the Gospel. This last, somewhat elastic, expression was inserted in deference to the Stallholder's disinclination to sanction any measures of persecution against the very considerable number of Catholics who were to be found even in Calvinist Holland and Zeeland. Another article gave William authority, should he deem it needful for the safety of the land, to confer the Protectorate of the Confederacy upon a foreign Prince. With his position thus strengthened in his northern fastness, Orange issued a series of appeals to the patriotism of the other Provinces. In these appeals he called upon them to join with Holland and Zeeland in expelling the Spaniards from the country and in securing for the Netherlands, under the King, the enjoyment of those local liberties and
immunities to which they were entitled by their ancient charters. In these skilfully drawn-up documents he laid particular stress on the necessity of allowing liberty of worship and of conscience to all, whether Catholics or Reformed. His arguments and pleadings met with the more favourable reception through the terror caused by the outrages of the Spanish and German troops, who were once more in a state of mutiny.
On the death of Requesens, the Council of State had perforce to take upon themselves the government of the country, pending the arrival of a new Governor-General. All of them, with the single exception of Jerome de Roda, were natives of the Low Countries ; and several, among whom was the Duke of Aerschot, made no secret of being heartily sick of the presence of foreign soldiers in the country and bitterly opposed to any further interference by Spaniards in the government of the Provinces. They urged upon Philip the importance of sending a member of his family as Governor, with full powers. The King accordingly, in April, nominated his half-brother, Don John of Austria, the famous victor of Lepanto, and directed the new Governor-General to repair at once to his post. But Don John, whose ambitious brain was filled with high-flown schemes of self-aggrandisement, and who probably regarded his appointment as due to the King's desire to remove him from Italy, did not obey. Instead of going to Brussels he made his way to Madrid ; and many months passed before he could be persuaded to undertake his new duties. The delay was most injurious to the royalist cause in the Low Countries, where events had meanwhile been moving rapidly.
At the end of June a last effort made by the Prince of Orange for the relief of Zierickzee, in which the gallant Admiral Boisot lost his life, had failed ; and nothing was left to the commandant but to surrender on the favourable terms offered by Mondragon. This capture, however, proved to be one of those victories that are worse than a defeat. The Spanish troops in Schouwen, to whom large arrears of pay were due, finding themselves defrauded by the conditions of the capitulation from the hoped-for pillage of the town, mutinied. They entered Flanders, were joined by other bands of mutineers, and finally seized Alost, which they made their head-quarters. The excesses and outrages of which they were guilty roused against them a violent feeling of indignation throughout the country. The excitement of the populace, especially in Brussels, was intense ; troops were raised to protect the city ; and the Council of State, impotent and trembling for its safety, was compelled to declare the mutineers, who were the soldiers and countrymen of the King, outlaws. But the Spanish veterans were in possession of the principal fortresses in the country, and defied the Council. Orange saw his opportunity, and opened friendly communications with the States of Brabant assembled at Brussels, and with those of Flanders at Ghent, with a view to taking common measures against the common enemy.
The people were on his side ; and, through his reiterated undertaking not to attempt anything subversive of the Catholic religion, he was able to win the support of the great majority of the deputies to his views and proposals. Two events greatly strengthened his position. On September 4 Baron de H�ze, who was godson of William and had been appointed by the States of Brabant to the command of their troops in Brussels, seized those members of the Council of State who were suspected of "espagnolisme."" The leaders, Mansfeld and Barlaymont, were confined in the Broodhuis. On September 26, at the wish of the States of Flanders, the Prince sent from Flushing a body of picked troops with artillery to occupy Ghent and cooperate in the siege of its citadel, which was in the hands of a body of mutineers. Meanwhile the States General had met at Brussels, and, largely through the influence of the Duke of Aerschot, between whom and Orange intimate relations had for some time subsisted, entered readily into negotiations for a union of all the Provinces on the basis of exclusion of foreigners and non-interference with religious belief. It was arranged that a Congress should be held at Ghent, at which nine delegates from the Prince of Orange and the Provinces of Holland and Zeeland should meet nine from the States General representing the other fifteen Provinces, with the object of concluding a firm union and alliance for the pacification of the country. The chief difficulty proved to be the question of the toleration of the Catholic cult in the Calvinist Provinces, and of the Protestant conventicles in those adhering to the ancient faith. The Congress met on October 19. The discussions were protracting themselves when the terrible news of the sack of Antwerp caused all minor differences to sink into nothingness in the presence of a common danger.
The famous citadel built by Alva to curb the great city of Antwerp was garrisoned in this month of October, 1576, by a body of mutinous Spanish troops under Sancho d'Avila, the victor of Mookerheide. Cham-pagny was governor of the town ; and, though he had with him a body of German mercenaries commanded by Count Oberstein, he represented to the States General that he could not answer for the security of the place in view of the threatening attitude of the Spaniards. A large reinforcement of militia, sent to his aid under the Marquis of Havre, the Duke of Aerschot's brother, arrived on November 2 ; and the preparations for defence were vigorously pressed on. But the garrison of the citadel on their side began to be alarmed for their safety. They lay under the ban of outlawry recently proclaimed, and an appeal was sent out to their fellow-countrymen in neighbouring fortresses for assistance. Strong detachments of mutineers from Alost and other places at once by forced marches joined their comrades at Antwerp, arriving at nightfall on November 3. The following day at noon an attack was made by the united force upon the troops of Champagny. After a brief struggle
behind their improvised defences, these were completely routed and dispersed. Champagny and Havre themselves escaped with difficulty to some ships of the Prince of Orange in the river. Oberstein was killed. The city with all its accumulated wealth lay at the mercy of the brutal conquerors, who for hours with unbridled rage and lust murdered, ravished, tortured, destroyed, and pillaged. Some seven thousand citizens miserably perished. Property of untold value was burnt or carried off as booty. Not in all the cruel and bloodstained annals of the Netherland troubles are any pages to be found more filled with horrors than those which tell the story of the " Spanish Fury " at Antwerp.
The report of what had happened reached the States General at Brussels on the very day when they were deliberating on the terms of a treaty provisionally agreed upon by the Congress at Ghent on October 28. The treaty was forthwith ratified both by the States General and by the Council of State. This treaty, known in history as the Pacification of Ghent, established a firm alliance and inviolable peace between the Provinces represented by the States General assembled at Brussels on the one part, and by the Prince of Orange and the States of Holland and Zeeland on the other. All were bound to unite their forces for the purpose of driving the Spanish soldiery and other foreigners out of the country. As soon as this should be accomplished, a new assembly of the States General of the seventeen Provinces after the likeness of that convoked by the Emperor Charles V at his abdication was to be summoned to consider the religious question. Meantime all the placards against heretics were declared abolished ; the Prince of Orange was recognised as Governor with full powers and Admiral-General in Holland and Zeeland ; and the confiscation of the possessions of the Houses of Nassau and Brederode was revoked.
At this very time Don John was posting through France in the disguise of a Moorish slave, to take up at last his duties in the Netherlands. On November 4* (the day of the Antwerp disaster) he wrote from Luxemburg to the Council of State to announce his arrival. Acting under the advice of the Prince of Orange, the States General declined to receive him as Governor, unless he would consent to the expulsion of all Spaniards from the country, approve the Pacification of Ghent, and swear to maintain the ancient privileges of the country and to employ none but Netherlander in his service. Angry and disappointed at such a reception, Don John chafed during the winter of 1576 and the spring of 1577, negotiating and discussing, but never able to move the States or Orange from the position which they had taken up.
In January, 1577, the compact of Ghent, which was of the nature of a treaty between Holland and Zeeland and the other Provinces, received a popular confirmation by means of an agreement, which met with large support especially throughout the southern Provinces, and to which was given the name of the Union of Brussels. The signatories proclaimed
their determination, while maintaining the Catholic religion and the King's authority, to do all in their power to drive away the Spaniards from the Netherlands. This agreement, thus widely subscribed, strengthened enormously the influence of the Prince of Orange, who lent it his warm support. Don John saw that he must yield. Accordingly on January 17, at Huy he announced his readiness to accept the Pacification of Ghent ; and on February 12, after much haggling on the one side, and firm insistence on the other, a treaty was signed, which bore the singularly inappropriate title of "the Perpetual Edict." By this Don John undertook that the foreign soldiery should depart at once by land, never to return, and that all the charters and liberties of the Provinces should be maintained ; while the States agreed to receive the King's brother as Governor-General, and to uphold the Catholic faith. William thus found his authority in Holland and Zeeland confirmed in the name of the King ; yet he did not see his way to recommend the northern Provinces to accept the Perpetual Edict. No one knew better than he, that neither Don John nor King Philip was in the very least sincere in the concessions they had granted, and that they only awaited a favourable moment to revoke them. At Dort he kept himself in constant touch with all parties and movements in the country, resolved that his enemies should not entrap him into sharing the fate of Egmont and Hoorn.
Don John made his state entry into Brussels on May 1, but found himself Governor only in name. " The Prince of Orange," he wrote to the King, " has bewitched the minds of all men. They love him and fear him, and wish to have him as their lord. They keep him informed of everything, and take no resolution without consulting him." On every side the impetuous and brilliant soldier found himself thwarted by the sleepless and indefatigable diplomatist. Don John, says a contemporary, "seemed like an apprentice defying his master." Irritated beyond measure, and unable either to intimidate his "silent" adversary by threats or to win him by blandishments, the fiery young Governor wrote in his indignation to Madrid : " that which the Prince loathes most in the world is your Majesty; if he could, he would drink your Majesty's blood." Brussels, full of Orange partisans, was in fact far from being a comfortable place of residence for Philip IPs representative. Don John speedily found it unendurable. His impatient spirit rebelled against the shackles in which he was held ; and, professing to be afraid for his personal security, he suddenly in July put himself at the head of a body of Walloon soldiery, seized Namur, and defied the States General. This suicidal act irretrievably ruined his reputation, even with the southern Catholics. For a while all was confusion. But the voice of the people demanded the presence of the Prince of Orange. All these months he had been consolidating his position in the north. Zierickzee had been retaken,
and the Zeeland islands freed from the Spanish yoke. The patriot flag floated over Breda, Utrecht, and Haarlem. The Spanish garrisons had been expelled from the citadels of Antwerp and Ghent. In Flanders and Brabant the Prince's influence was nearly as great as in Holland itself; and all men's eyes were turning to him as the saviour of the State. He was asked to come to Brussels ; but not until after some dubitation, and with the express consent of the States of Holland and Zeeland, did he yield to the representations that were made to him. At length, however, on September 23, with every outward demonstration of joy, he made his triumphal entry into the capital, and once more took up his abode in the Nassau palace, from which he had been obliged to fly for his life ten years before. On this day William of Nassau, acclaimed as their leader by Catholic and Protestant, by south and north alike, undoubtedly reached the culminating point of his career. Yet the Catholic nobility, at whose head was the Duke of Aerschot, were jealous and suspicious of him ; and it required all the tact and skill of the Prince not to ruifle their susceptibilities. Scarcely had he settled at Brussels, when the situation was farther complicated by the arrival at the Belgian capital (October 6), on the secret invitation of the Catholic party, of Archduke Matthias, brother of the Emperor.
Matthias, who thus came to assume the sovereignty of the Netherlands, was a foolish boy of twenty. That a member of the Imperial house of Habsburg should thus thrust himself into the troubled arena of the Low Countries was disconcerting not only to his relatives, Don John and King Philip, but even more so to the Prince of Orange. It was all-important that no split should take place which could injure the national cause ; so William at once made up his mind to welcome the intruder, and to use him for his own purposes. The Orange partisans bestirred themselves (not without instigation from headquarters) to secure the nomination of their chief as Ruwaard or Governor of Brabant, and, as William was the idol of the populace, succeeded, despite the opposition of Aerschot and the Catholic nobility. By way of a counterpoise Aerschot had himself appointed Governor of Flanders by the States of that Province ; but the townsfolk of Ghent, led by Ryhove and Hembyze, two revolutionary demagogues, took up arms, and even went so far as to seize the persons of the Duke and other Catholic leaders, and throw them into prison. William disclaimed any share in this act of violence, but it is difficult altogether to exculpate him. He certainly did not exert himself to procure the release of the prisoners, and he remained master of the situation. He treated the Archduke with the greatest courtesy and deference, and secured on his behalf the goodwill of Queen Elizabeth, who promised her help to Matthias in men and money, provided he made the Prince his lieutenant-general, "because of his great experience in affairs."
Matthias in his turn made his solemn state entry into Brussels in
January, 1578, preceded by his lieutenant-general ; and it seemed as if a real union of the entire Netherlands were now to be firmly and satisfactorily established under the nominal rule of a Habsburg Prince, but with all the reins of administration gathered together in the capable hands of William the Silent.
But, just as the sun of fortune, so long obscured, seemed at length to have begun to shine upon the Liberator's path, it was once more suddenly eclipsed. The King of Spain, at last aroused from his torpor by the urgent remonstrances of his half-brother, had been quietly preparing a vigorous counterstroke. A body of 20,000 veteran troops, Spanish and Italian, had been placed under the command of Alexander Farnese, the son of the Duchess of Parma, who had orders to conduct them to the Low Countries to the assistance of his uncle and old school-comrade, Don John. This time, Philip had found the right instrument for a difficult task ; for Farnese proved himself to be the best general of his times, and at the same time a statesman and diplomatist scarcely inferior in astuteness and sagacity to the Prince of Orange himself. He joined Don John; and on January 31 the united force fell upon the federal army at Gemblours. A daring cavalry charge under the personal leadership of the Prince of Parma decided the day. The Netherlanders were utterly routed, with the loss of not less than 6000 men, while on the side of the victors there were scarcely any casualties. Several towns in a short time opened their gates to Don John ; and the States General in terror withdrew from Brussels to Antwerp. Once more all was conflict and confusion. The Duke of Anjou crossed the southern frontier with an army of Frenchmen and made himself master of Mons ; while on the eastern side John Casimir, brother of the Elector Palatine, at the head of a force of German reiters in the pay of the English Queen, also forced his way into the unhappy country. The one came as the champion of the "malcontent" Catholics, the other as that of the ultra-Calvinist sectaries.
Amid so many contending parties William scarcely knew which way to turn. Matthias was already clearly played out. John Casimir and Anjou, representing contradictory interests, could scarcely be both countenanced. The antagonism between Catholic and Protestant was rapidly growing more acute, and it was essential to try and reconcile them ; so Orange carried on negotiations with Germany, France, and England at the same time. Unless help came from without, nothing could be done against 30,000 royal troops ; and to secure what was required he accomplished a task that might have been deemed impossible. He succeeded (August, 1578) in inducing the Duke of Anjou to accept the title of "Defender of the Liberties of the Netherlands," and to promise to bring a force of 10,000 foot and 2000 horse to act against the Spaniards if the Provinces on their part undertook to raise a like number. At the same time he managed to secure the alliance of
Elizabeth, of Henry of Navarre, and of John Casimir. This curious combination of selfish aims and rival aspirations formed a confederacy that was not likely to last ; but at any rate it served the purpose of a makeshift. The defeat of Gemblours had been more than compensated by the acquisition of Amsterdam ; the progress of the Spanish arms had been checked by the skilful tactics of Bossu, the General of the States ; yet such is the disintegrating force of religious antipathies that nothing but the utmost personal efforts and the influence of the Prince was able to keep the national forces in line. All this time, however, Don John, though at the head of an imposing army, had been chafing for many months in compulsory inactivity, due to lack of funds. Disappointed at his ill-success, and deeply hurt by the coldness of his brother, he broke down in health, and, from his camp before Namur, sent despairing appeals to the King for money and for instructions. At last a malignant fever seized him; and, on October 1, 1578, the hero of Lepanto closed his brilliant and adventurous life at the early age of thirty-three. Philip at once appointed Alexander of Parma (Farnese) to take his place; and from that hour a new era commences which was to end in the formation of two groups of Netherland Provinces, each with a character and a history of its own.
Farnese at once began, deftly and subtly, to sow the seeds of dissension amongst the confederates ; and he found the soil ready prepared to reward his labours by a speedy harvest. The seventeen Provinces which had been so laboriously bound together in defence of a common cause by the Pacification of Ghent were not homogeneous. In the Walloon Provinces of the south and south-east, the Reformed doctrines never succeeded in obtaining a firm and permanent foothold. Already, in 1576, the Walloon country had, under the stress of Alva's persecutions, practically reverted to Catholicism ; but these very persecutions had inflamed the inhabitants with the same detestation of foreign tyranny with which they had filled the people of the Teutonic Provinces of the north and west. Orange, therefore, had been able to unite at Ghent all Netherlanders against the alien rule of the Spanish viceroys, so long as it was strictly provided by the " Pacification " that the Catholic religion should be maintained. Two years later, however, the schism, sure to arise sooner or later between allies so dissimilar in their views and aims, was hastened under Parma's fostering care by an outbreak of Calvinist fanaticism, which disgraced the capital of Flanders. This outbreak was in the first instance attributed to the encouragement given by William to the revolutionary leaders, Ryhove and Hembyze, who seized and imprisoned the Duke of Aerschot and other Catholic notables at Ghent. There can be no question that the Prince connived at this act of violence, only to repent bitterly what he had done. For, under the protection of John Casimir, a regular Calvinist tyranny was established at Ghent. Churches and cloisters were sacked and gutted ; monks and
friars were burnt alive in the market-place ; and the old Blood-Councillor Hessels and the ex-Procurator Visch were hanged without form of trial. For long the Prince struggled in vain to appease these disorders. He was denounced by Peter Dathenus and other red-hot gospellers as a Papist in disguise. The principles of religious toleration, which Orange now as always advocated, were rejected by both parties alike persistently.
Naturally, this spectre of bigoted Calvinism, dominant and aggressive in so important a centre as Ghent, alarmed the southern Catholics. A party rapidly came into existence, known as the " Malcontents." At its head were a number of Catholic nobles, Montigny, Lalaing, C�pres, H�ze, and others. These men were not moved by pure venality, as Protestant historians have frequently said, though no doubt the substantial rewards dangled before their eyes by the artful Farnese had some weight in influencing their decision to take the side of the King. Of the majority of them it may be asserted that they did not love their country less, but their religion more. Genuinely attached to the faith of their ancestors, they trembled at the thought of heresy rampant in the land, and preferred the risk of their political liberties being curtailed by their natural sovereign, to the prospect of seeing their dearest religious convictions flouted and outraged by the fierce Protestant sectaries. William of Orange, from his lofty standpoint of a universal liberty of worship and conscience, might still dream of reconciling the irreconcilable, but he only earned the condemnation of the zealots of both parties, who pronounced him an irreligious man, almost an atheist. Mutually repulsive forces were at work, and were not long in bringing about a cleavage.
On January 5, 1579, a defensive league was signed at Arras by the deputies of Hainault, Douay, and Artois, for the protection of the Catholic religion in those Provinces, and with the avowed purpose of effecting a reconciliation with the King on his approving the political stipulations of the Pacification of Ghent and the Union of Brussels. The treaty of Arras was of the nature of a challenge to the Protestants, and it was answered at once by the Union of Utrecht. On January 29, under the auspices and by the efforts of John of Nassau, now Governor of Gelderland, the representatives of the northern Provinces, Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and its district, Gelderland and Zutphen, at a meeting at Utrecht, bound themselves together " as if they were one Province," for the defence of their rights and liberties " with life, blood, and goods " against all foreign potentates, including the King of Spain. There was to be complete freedom of worship in each Province, and no one was to be persecuted for his religious opinions. These two compacts mark the definitive parting of the ways between the northern and the southern Netherlands.
It is important and interesting to note that, despite the claims he himself puts forward in his Apology, William was not the active author
of the Union of Utrecht. He was still struggling in the face of a hopeless situation for a larger confederacy on broader lines, nor was it until some months later (May 3) that he bowed to the inevitable, and appended his signature to the instrument of union which his brother had drawn up. The Malcontents on their part speedily took an equally decisive step. On May 19 their leaders concluded a treaty with the Prince of Parma, by which they submitted themselves to the authority of Philip II, and undertook to countenance in the Walloon Provinces no worship but the Catholic. All this time negotiations were being carried on in leisurely fashion at Cologne, under the mediation of the Emperor, at which the Prince was indirectly represented by his secretary Bruyninck. Interminable dispatches were exchanged ; but, as the views of the principal parties in the discussion were diametrically opposed, no good result ensued. It was fully recognised at Madrid that the brain and the energy of William of Nassau constituted the real barrier to the reestablishment of the royal authority throughout the Netherlands. Through the agency of the Count of Schwarzenberg, one of the Imperial envoys at the Congress, to whom large rewards were promised if he would win over the Prince, secret negotiations were opened with him by the Duke of Terranova on the part of Philip II. It was hoped that William might be open to bribery, if only it were on a sufficiently large scale ; and splendid offers were made to him on condition that he would quit the Netherlands, including the restoration of all his honours and estates and the payment of his debts. But William adhered firmly to the immutable terms which had so often on previous occasions been offered and refused. There can be little doubt that he deliberately prolonged negotiations which he knew from the first to be futile in order to gain time for his own projects. He had long come to the conclusion that the best hope of securing foreign aid for the struggling Provinces lay in the direction of France, and he wished to prepare men's minds for receiving the Duke of Anjou as their titular sovereign.
Meanwhile, after a terrible siege of four months, Maestricht, the key of the eastern frontier, had been taken by storm by the royal troops, despite the utmost endeavours of the Prince to relieve it. Its loss made a great impression on men's minds in Brabant and Flanders, and aroused a strong feeling of dissatisfaction against Orange. Ghent indeed had at last been reduced to order, and the Calvinist leaders, Hembyze and Dathenus, forced to leave the town by the personal intervention of William at no slight risk to his life. The position of affairs, as 1579 drew to a close, was moving from bad to worse ; and in the spring of 1580 the hold of the patriot party even upon the north was most seriously shaken by the unexpected defection of George Lalaing, Count of Renneberg, the Stadholder of Groningen. Only in faithful Holland and Zeeland did William retain his old unchallenged authority and the full confidence of the people. The continued secession of so many
prominent Catholics unnerved the more timid and hesitating ; and even the Protestants were not staunch in their support of a policy with which they did not sympathise. They could not understand the Prince's advocacy of the Catholic Duke of Anjou, and they were afraid lest a man so lukewarm in upholding the principles of the Reformation (at this time the Prince had deliberately abstained from attending any public worship for twelve months) might not after all be a Papist in disguise. From this suspicion he was once for all relieved by the promulgation of the Ban against him, dated Maestricht, March 15,1581, by which he was denounced to the whole world by King Philip as a traitor and a miscreant and an enemy of the human race. After a recitation of the crimes of William of Nassau, a reward of 25,000 crowns in gold or land and a patent of nobility was offered to any one " who should deliver this pest to us, dead or alive, or take his life."
The instigator of this edict was Orange's old adversary, Cardinal Granvelle, who on the failure of the efforts of Terranova had not scrupled to suggest to his master the advisability of setting a price on the life of the arch-enemy. " Fear," he argued, " will unman the Prince and prevent him from quietly carrying out his plans." But King and Minister alike mistook the temper and character of their proposed victim. William was not content merely to take up the challenge. The famous Apology of the Prince of Orange, which was written under his direction by his chaplain, Pierre L'Oyseleur, Seigneur de Villiers, is, despite its prolixity and at times rhetorical verbiage, a most remarkable document. This defence, which was first presented to the States General at Delft on December 13, was afterwards published in French, Dutch, and Latin, and sent to every Court of Europe. In it the Apologist gives an account of his entire life and career, and not only rebuts seriatim the charges that had been made against him, but carries the war into the enemy's camp. With pride he dwells upon his Imperial descent, and points out that his ancestors were great lords in the Netherlands when those of Philip were still but petty Counts of Habsburg, and that in later times for a succession of generations they had performed great and memorable services to the Houses of Burgundy and of Austria. He further indulges in a scathing denunciation of the King's own misdeeds and crimes, even venturing to accuse him of the murder of his son and wife, of incest, adultery, and of an innate love of bloodshed and cruelty. He scoffs at the idea of being frightened at a price being set upon his head, as if he had not for years been surrounded by hired poisoners and assassins. He concludes by an impassioned address to the people for whom he had sacrificed his property, the lives of three brothers, and the liberty of his eldest son, and for whose sakes he had for years been holding his life in his hand day and night; and he protests that, if they think he can still serve them, then in God's name let them go forward together in defence of their wives and children and
all they hold dear and sacred. Instead of a signature, this eloquent and touching declaration of William of Nassau's absolute fidelity to the cause of the freedom of the Netherlands is signed with his motto, so appropriate to the sentiments he had expressed, " Je le maintiendrai.""
Many of the Prince's friends and relations, notably the excellent John of Nassau, who at this time relinquished the Stadholdership of Gelderland and returned to Dillenburg, thought the tone of the Apology too violent. But Orange was well aware of what he was doing; and even in his violence there lay concealed careful premeditation and reasoned motive. His aim was to stir up the minds of the Netherlanders against Spain, and at the same time to fill them with implicit trust in himself. The goal of all his striving was the severance of the ties which bound the United Provinces to the Spanish King. Already Holland and Zeeland had pressed him to become their Count instead of Philip ; but William, anxious as yet to take no step which might alienate the Walloon Catholics, had refused. Now, however, that the southerners had proclaimed their reconciliation with their hereditary sovereign, he felt that circumstances had changed.
On September 19, 1580, a treaty had been signed at Plessis-les-Tours (ratified at Bordeaux on January 23, 1581) with the Duke of Anjou, by which the Duke accepted the proffered sovereignty of the United Netherlands on certain conditions, one of which was that " Holland and Zeeland should have the privilege of remaining as they were in the matter of religion and otherwise." These Provinces in fact refused to have the French Prince as their sovereign. William therefore, unwillingly and with no little demur, on July 24, 1581, agreed to assume provisionally the title of Count. He did this in order that he might be able two days later to join in the name of Holland and Zeeland at the public abjuration of their allegiance to Philip II, which he had already persuaded the States General of the other Provinces to make. On July 26, at the Hague, this momentous Act of Abjuration, by which the representatives of Brabant, Flanders, Utrecht, Gelderland, Holland, and Zeeland solemnly declared that the Bang of Spain was deposed from his sovereignty over them on account of his tyranny and misrule, and that they were henceforth absolved from all allegiance to him, was duly carried into effect. But Orange knew well that the newly proclaimed commonwealth could not stand alone. He exerted therefore all his influence and persuasiveness to press forward the coming of the Duke of Anjou. He was aware that the Duke was false, fickle, and depraved, but he hoped to be able to keep him under his personal control, and through him to secure at the same time the good offices of France, to whose throne Anjou was heir, and the friendship of England, whose Queen was for the moment treating him as her favoured suitor.
In January, 1582, the French Prince accordingly set sail from England for Flushing attended by a retinue of English nobles, and with Elizabeth's
recommendation to the States to receive him as "her other self." On February 19 he was solemnly inaugurated at Antwerp as Duke of Brabant. The Prince of Orange fastened around his shoulders the ducal mantle. " Monseigneur,1' he said, " you must button on this mantle so firmly that no one can tear it from your Highness." At this very time, Gaspar Anastro, a Biscayan merchant resident at Antwerp, whose fortunes were at a low ebb, had been tempted to save himself from ruin by plotting to win the large sum placed upon William's head. He had not the nerve to venture upon the deed of blood himself, but he opened his mind first to his bookkeeper, Antonio de Venero, and then, when Venero showed unwillingness, to another of his clerks, a youth called Juan Jaureguy, likewise a Biscayan. This man, having armed himself with a pistol, on March 18 (Anjou's birthday) presented himself before Orange as he was leaving the dinner-table, with a paper in his hand that professed to be a petition. As the Prince took it he fired off the pistol so close to his head that the hair and beard were set on fire. The ball passed under the right ear, through the palate and out by the left jaw. Utterly stunned at first, William quickly recovered himself sufficiently to cry out, " Do not kill him. I pardon him my death"; and, turning to some French nobles near him he added, " What a faithful servant his Highness loses in me ! " Already, however, the assassin had perished, pierced through and through by many swords. The sufferer, whose terrible wound had fortunately been cicatrised by the blaze of the explosion, survived. He himself believed that his end was come ; but by the devoted care of his doctors and attendants, after lingering for weeks between life and death, he slowly but surely began to mend, and at the end of April was convalescent. On May 2 a solemn service of thanksgiving for his recovery was held at Antwerp, at which his wife was present. But on the very next day Charlotte of Bourbon, upon whom the shock of Jaureguy's murderous attack had come while she was still weak after child-birth, was seized with a violent fever. Her last strength had been sapped by her unremitting care at her husband's bedside ; she quickly succumbed to her illness, and expired on May 5.
The spirit of William of Nassau, which had so long and so often braved misfortunes, once more, however, rose superior to his personal afflictions. By his exertions Anjou was, in July, duly accepted as Lord of Friesland and Duke of Gelderland, and publicly inaugurated at Bruges as Count of Flanders. But this false and feather-brained son of Catharine de' Medici was far from being content with the narrow limits of the sovereignties conferred upon him. He hated his dependence upon the good offices of Orange, his subjection to the authority of the States General, and the restraints placed upon him by the provincial charters. He declared that he felt insulted and humiliated, and that he had no intention of becoming a second Matthias. And he listened readily to
the advice of his courtiers, who urged him to seize suddenly by force of arms the principal cities of his new dominions, and thus compel complete submission to his rule. To him the breaking of solemn oaths and the execrable treachery of leading his troops to the assault of peaceful towns, which had voluntarily placed themselves under his protection, counted as nothing. With elaborate secrecy the preparations for surprising some eight or ten places were carefully made. Antwerp, where Orange was residing, was to be the Duke's own special prey. The appointed day was January 17, 1583 ; and early in the morning Anjou paid a visit to the Prince. His object was to persuade him to be present at a review of the French troops at Bergenhout, just outside the gates, and so to get possession of his person. Rumours, however, were afloat, and William was suspicious and declined. Not long afterwards the town was aroused by a wild rush of armed men through the streets, crying, " The town is won ! Long live the Mass ! Long live the Duke of Anjou ! Kill ! Kill ! " But the burghers, though taken by surprise, made a far more vigorous resistance to the " French Fury " than they had made to the " Spanish Fury " of 1576. Barricades were thrown up ; missiles rained from the windows; and in the desperate fighting which ensued the French were utterly worsted. Nearly two thousand, among whom were two hundred and fifty nobles, perished, some fifteen hundred were taken prisoners. The grand coup which was to have placed absolute power in the hands of the Duke proved a ludicrous and disgraceful failure.
Henceforth the French protectorate, never loved by the people of the United Provinces, became an impossibility. And yet, despite his disillusionment and indignation, William still strove to effect a reconciliation between the States and Anjou, bringing thereby no small share of opprobrium upon himself. At first sight it appears almost inexplicable that so sagacious a statesman should have committed so great a mistake, and persisted in it. But the perusal of William's correspondence, papers and speeches during this period show him to have been fully aware of all that was to be said against the French alliance and its graceless representative, but to have been unable, after an exhaustive survey, to discover in any other combination besides this the slightest hope of salvation for the Netherlands against the power of Spain, when directed by so consummate a leader of men as Alexander Farnese. " You must make your choice between the Spaniard and the Frenchman," was his argument to the obdurate Antwerp Council. "But if you wish for the Spaniard, kill me first." However, not even his influence and powers of persuasion could prevail. Such, indeed, was the feeling excited against him by his continued advocacy of the detested French alliance that William was publicly insulted, and even in peril of his life. An event now took place which gave fresh proof of his leaning towards France, and which considerably increased his unpopularity. On April 7, 1583, he married, in fourth wedlock, Louise de Coligny, daughter of the famous Admiral
of that name, and widow of the Seigneur de ��ligny. Both the father and husband of the bride had perished in the Massacre of St Bartholomew. The new Princess of Orange was in her twenty-ninth year, beautiful, wise, full of a charm and tenderness, which were to endear her to her stepchildren and make her beloved in the country of her adoption for forty years to come. But, for the moment, it was only noted by the people of Antwerp that William had married a Frenchwoman ; and this led to such renewed demonstrations of hostility against him that a further sojourn in the great commercial capital of Brabant became insupportable to him. He was deeply hurt by the want of confidence and gratitude shown to him ; and, after enduring many outrages, on July 27 he quitted Antwerp and betook himself to Middelburg. Shortly afterwards he moved to Delft, where he once more made his settled residence in the midst of his loyal and sturdy Hollanders.
Meanwhile Parma had been taking full advantage of the dissensions among his enemies, and moving on from town to town had made himself master of Zutphen and the district of Waes. Had Orange been willing to accept for himself the dukedom of Brabant and the other sovereignties offered to him, and essayed to stir up a national resistance without the damaging assistance of the French, he might perhaps have longer held back the advancing Spanish tide. But he himself judged otherwise. On the ground that he would not accept any dignity unless he possessed the means to uphold it, he refused for some time to place any of the proffered coronets upon his head. But at last he made an exception. For more than a decade already he had ruled with sovereign power in Holland and Zeeland, and, as has been previously recorded, had provisionally some twelve months before accepted the title of Count from the States of those Provinces, in order to induce them to enter the French alliance. Now in changed circumstances he yielded to the urgent representations of the States, and agreed to accept from them the hereditary countship ; and in December, 1583, the necessary documents were already drawn up, ready to be sealed and ratified. He did this because he was resolved to identify himself and his fortunes with those of these two "Sea Provinces," as they were called, which were rebel and Calvinist to the core, determined to perish rather than submit to the yoke of Spain. They served the Prince as an inexpugnable fortress from which to watch and control the course of events outside.
At Delft he fixed his residence, and thence mournfully watched the successive defection of the Catholic nobles and men of note drawn away by Parma's subtle fascination. Even his own brother-in-law, the Count van den Berg, who had succeeded John of Nassau as Stadholder of Gelderland, changed sides like the rest. But William still obstinately clung to the hope that the untrustworthy Anjou would belie all his antecedents by vigorous and straightforward action. Antwerp, with Marnix as its burgomaster, though it not unnaturally refused to acknowledge
the author of the "French Fury" as its sovereign, had no thought, with the memories of 1576 still fresh in the minds of its citizens, of submitting to the detested Spaniards ; and, so long as Antwerp remained in William's hands, the way to the sea was barred, and Brabant was not lost. But it was a time of anxious suspense, during which the Prince, ceaselessly toiling, remained at his modest dwelling, the former cloister of St Agatha, from this time onwards known as the Prinsenhof, on the banks of the quiet, tree-fringed canal which is the chief thoroughfare of old Delft. Homely and domestic in his habits, plain in his attire, always easy of access, he lived like a Dutch burgher among his fellow-burghers. His union with Louise de Coligny had been blessed with a son (Frederick Henry) ; and, as if with a presage that this son of his middle age would guide the storm-tossed vessel of his country's freedom into the haven of peace, William at this time adopted as his motto the words " Saevis tranquillus in undis?
Yet he was quite aware that the failure of Jaureguy's attempt on his life would not deter others from repeating it. By one means or another, poison, bullet, steel, assassins were always compassing his death. But it was not easy in Delft for suspicious strangers to find their way into the town, still less to the Prinsenhof, such was the care with which the citizens kept watch and ward over their beloved " Father William." A young Burgundian, Balthasar G�rard, in his devoted loyalty to His Most Catholic Majesty and the cause of which that monarch was the foremost champion, had long conceived a violent hatred of the man whom his training and principles had led him to look upon as an enemy alike to God and the King. The Ban was no sooner published than, fired with fanatical zeal to rid the world of the arch-heretic and rebel- "this monster and public pest," as he called him-G�rard set out for the Netherlands with the design of carrying into execution his holy purpose. Arrived at Luxemburg he there heard of Jaureguy's deed, and later of its failure. He thereupon proffered his services to Parma, and asked for money to enable him to follow in the steps of " the gentle Biscayan now defunct." But Farnese, though he promised the reward in event of success, had not sufficient faith in this insignificant, undergrown youth to advance him any cash in hand. G�rard, however, was not deterred by the coolness of his reception. Under the pseudonym of Fran�ois Guyon he made his way to Delft, and by means of a carefully prepared fictitious story managed to get access to the Prince of Orange.
His enterprise, however, well-nigh miscarried, for he was ordered to accompany the Seigneur de Caron, and repeat his tale to the Duke of Anjou. As they were journeying, information came of the Duke's death ; and G�rard begged eagerly that he might carry back the news to Delft. On his arrival the would-be assassin was at once conducted to the Prince's chamber, but such was the suddenness of the summons that the Burgundian found himself close to his victim's bedside totally unarmed.
After this his needy condition was brought to the ears of William, who sent him a present of twelve crowns. On the following day (July 9) Balthasar with this money bought a pair of heavy pistols (mousquetons). On July 10 he again gained access into the Prinsenhof on the pretext of obtaining a passport, and, while Orange was at dinner with his family, contrived to conceal himself behind the main staircase, the foot of which was opposite the door of exit from the dining-hall. When William, accompanied by his wife and followed by his sister, the Countess of Schwarzburg, and three of his daughters, came out from dinner to go upstairs, he had scarcely placed his foot on the first step, when a man suddenly appeared and, pointing a pistol at his breast, fired. Three balls passed through his body. The Prince at once fell to the ground, crying out in French, " My God, have pity on my soul ; I am badly wounded. My God, have pity on my soul and on this poor people ! " He was mortally struck, and within a very short time expired.
The feelings of mingled gratitude and vengeance excited by Balthasar G�rard's deed found vent in the splendid public obsequies accorded to the "Father of his Country," as William was affectionately called, and in the barbarous punishment of his murderer, who expired amidst inexpressible torments with courage and constancy. The interment of William took place in the Nieuwe Kerk at Delft at the charges of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Friesland, with great pomp and amidst the tears of the assembled crowds. But the Prince had died almost penniless, and the States of Holland attested in a more practical form their deep obligations to the man, who had sacrificed all in their defence, by voting a provision for his widow and children, and by assigning to his son Maurice a position of high influence in the government of the country.
Thus tragically passed away from the midst of the scene of action its foremost figure. The Prince of Orange was but fifty-one years old ; but from his earliest youth he had been in official harness and entrusted with important charges, and already appeared careworn and rapidly aging, in consequence of the ever-growing burden of a twenty years' struggle which would have crushed almost any other man. But at the time of his assassination, so his physicians said, he was thoroughly healthy and might have lived for many years. He had certainly shown no signs of decrepitude either in mind or body ; and it is impossible to doubt that, had he been spared for another decade, he would have rendered almost incalculable services in organising and consolidating the infant State, which owed its existence to his courage and genius. Yet though cut off, with his task unfinished, William the Silent had really done his work. The foundations of that mighty Dutch Republic, which will ever be inseparably connected with his name, were already laid so strong and deep that on them men of his blood, successive Princes of Orange scarcely less great than he, were able to build up the edifice of a world-wide commercial and colonial empire.
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Sean Coates
#18 Goalkeeper - Central Michigan
Hometown: Royal Oak, MI
High School: Royal Oak
Eligibility: Senior
2012 Central Michigan 18 0 0 0 8 9 52.9% 0 - 0
2011 Central Michigan 18 0 0 0 62 69 52.7% 4 - 0
02/24/2012 Ferris State University W 21-8 0 0 0 1 3 75.0%
04/13/2012 Michigan State L 2-19 0 0 0 5 3 37.5%
04/22/2012 @ Illinois L 4-16 0 0 0 2 3 60.0%
02/13/2011 Toledo W 18-7 0 0 0 7 26 78.8%
02/22/2011 Oakland W 16-2 0 0 0 2 6 75.0%
03/21/2011 Brigham Young L 4-25 0 0 0 17 4 19.0%
04/02/2011 Northeastern L 8-9 0 0 0 9 16 64.0%
04/09/2011 @ MSU-Mankato L 9-13 0 0 0 6 8 57.1%
04/14/2011 @ Michigan State L 2-22 0 0 0 11 6 35.3%
05/07/2011 @ University of Michigan L 1-23 0 0 0 12 9 42.9%
02/20/2010 @ Minn.-Duluth L 3-13 0 0 0 2 2 50.0%
03/21/2010 @ Lindenwood University L 9-22 0 0 0 4 2 33.3%
04/03/2010 @ University of Michigan L 1-19 0 0 0 8 10 55.6%
04/10/2010 @ Ball State University W 14-6 0 0 0 3 6 66.7%
04/11/2010 @ Indiana W 12-3 0 0 0 1 3 75.0%
02/12/2009 Western Michigan W 8-7 0 0 0 0 0
02/21/2009 @ Grand Valley State L 10-11 0 0 0 0 0
03/27/2009 @ University of Michigan L 4-21 0 0 0 0 0
04/04/2009 @ Northeastern W 10-6 0 0 0 0 0
04/03/2009 @ Boston College L 4-7 0 0 0 0 0
04/05/2009 @ Boston University W 11-4 0 0 0 0 0
04/11/2009 Eastern Michigan University W 9-5 0 0 0 0 0
04/16/2009 @ Michigan State L 5-12 0 0 0 0 0
04/25/2009 @ Miami (Ohio) W 11-8 0 0 0 0 0
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You are here: Home / News / Plan amendment offering lump-sum payment option did not violate minimum distribution requirement
Plan amendment offering lump-sum payment option did not violate minimum distribution requirement
October 20, 2014 by Wolters Kluwer Legal & Regulatory
The minimum distribution requirements of Code Sec. 401(a)(9) would not be violated if a defined benefit plan was amended to offer a lump-sum payment option for a limited period of time to the plan’s participants and beneficiaries for whom annuity payments had already begun, according to an IRS letter ruling. This ruling was based on a representation that the limited window to elect a lump-sum benefit satisfied Code Sec. 417(e) and IRS Reg. §1.417(e)-1.
A company in the entertainment industry sponsored a qualified defined benefit plan that offered a number of distribution options. The company proposed to amend the plan to offer, during a limited period of time, a lump-sum payment option to participants, beneficiaries, and alternate payees of the plan who were in pay status. Under the amendment, these individuals would have a specified limited window period of no less than 60 days and no more than 90 days during which they could elect to receive the actuarial present value of their remaining benefits under the plan at the time of the election in the form of a single lump-sum payment. Elections by those choosing to receive the new distribution option would be subject to applicable spousal consent. The individuals who elect the new distribution option would be considered to have a new annuity starting date as of the first day of the month in which their new benefit was payable. The plan’s actuary confirmed that the lump-sum window program would not trigger benefit restrictions described in Code Sec. 436.
The company requested a ruling that the minimum distribution requirements of Code Sec. 401(a)(9) would not be violated if the company amended the plan to offer a lump-sum payment option, during a limited window period of no less than 60 days and no more than 90 days, to the plan’s participants, beneficiaries, and alternate payees for whom annuity payments had already begun.
The IRS noted that the proposed amendment would result in a change in the annuity payment period. The annuity payment period would be changed in association with the payment of increased benefits as a result of the addition of the lump-sum option. In addition, the individuals who decided to change their distribution option would be considered to have a new annuity starting date as of the first date of the month in which the new benefit was payable. Because the ability to select a lump-sum option would only be available during a limited window, the increased benefit payments would result from the proposed plan amendment and, as such, was a permitted benefit increase under IRS Reg. §1.401(a)(9)-6, Q&A-14(a)(4).
Based on the company’s representation that the lump-sum window option satisfied Code Sec. 417(e) and IRS Reg. §1.417(e)-1, the IRS concluded that the minimum distribution requirements of Code Sec. 401(a)(9) would not be violated if the company amended the plan to offer a lump-sum window option, during a limited window period of no less than 60 days and no more than 90 days, to the plan’s participants, beneficiaries, and alternate payees for whom annuity payments had already begun.
Source: IRS Letter Ruling 201427023.
Filed Under: News, Retirement, Pension & Benefits Tagged With: Pension Daily News
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You are here: Home / News / Terms Of Will Not Sufficient To Effectuate Beneficiary Change, Eighth Circuit Rules
Terms Of Will Not Sufficient To Effectuate Beneficiary Change, Eighth Circuit Rules
June 6, 2014 by Wolters Kluwer Legal & Regulatory
The wife of an insured under an employer-sponsored group benefit plan was not entitled to the death benefit because the will executed by the insured just before his death did not comply with the terms of the plan for beneficiary changes, the Eighth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled, affirming the lower court. The Eighth Circuit also held that the substantial-compliance doctrine did not apply to preclude the plan administrator from strict enforcement of the plan requirements. The case is Hall v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (No. 13-1332).
Background. Dennis Hall obtained life insurance from Metropolitan Life Insurance Company through an employer-sponsored group benefits plan in 1988. He named his son as the beneficiary. In 2001, Dennis married Jane and in 2010, after he had been diagnosed with cancer, completed a beneficiary change form naming her as the beneficiary but did not submit the form.
After learning that he only had a short time to live in 2011, Dennis executed a will, stating: “the following specific bequests be made from my estate. . . . Any and all life insurance and benefits shall be distributed to Jane Marie Hall. If this beneficiary does not survive me, this bequest shall be distributed with my residuary estate.” Dennis passed away later that day. His employer notified the insurance company, sending the beneficiary form Dennis executed in 1991 and mentioning that Jane claimed that she has a will. Jane contacted the insurance company and explained that Dennis did not have adequate time to obtain an approved form from the plan administrator and that he intended the will to designate Jane as his beneficiary.
The plan administrator denied Jane’s claim to the proceeds on the ground that a will has no bearing on the death benefit and that Dennis’ son was the beneficiary of record. Jane appealed and informed the plan administrator that Dennis had completed a beneficiary change form but did not send it in. The plan administrator upheld its denial and distributed the death benefit to Dennis’ son. Jane filed a lawsuit against the plan administrator, but the federal district court found that the plan administrator’s determination was reasonable and that Jane could not rely on the substantial-compliance doctrine. Specifically, the lower court held that the will did not make an effective beneficiary change to the plan, in part because a will cannot dispose of a non-probate asset and the will bequeathed the benefit “from [the] estate” when the estate was not a beneficiary under the plan.
Policy language. According to the plan, an insured may: “…designate a Beneficiary in Your application or enrollment form. You may change Your Beneficiary at any time. To do so, You must send a Signed and dated, Written request to the Policyholder using a form satisfactory to [MetLife]. Your Written request to change the Beneficiary must be sent to the Policyholder within 30 days of the date You Sign such request.”
Sufficient written request. On appeal, Jane asserted that the will effected a beneficiary change and that the unsent beneficiary change form was a sufficient written request under the terms of the plan. The Eighth Circuit disagreed. The appellate court first concluded that the will could not serve as a written request “satisfactory to [the plan administrator]” because the estate was not a policy beneficiary and the will did not expressly address the distribution of assets that were not part of the estate. Because the direction in the will to distribute the life insurance benefit to Jane followed the direction “that the following specific bequests be made from my estate,” the plan administrator was reasonable when it construed the will to address only life insurance proceeds that were part of the estate.
Second, the beneficiary change form did not satisfy the plan requirements because the plan mandated that the request be submitted “within 30 days of the date You Sign the request,” which had passed. Jane argued that the summary plan description did not contain a time limitation and, thus, should control over the plan language. However, case law held that a summary plan description controls when it is in conflict with a plan provision, not when the summary plan description is silent on a particular matter. Accordingly, the plan administrator did not abuse its discretion when it refused to honor the beneficiary change form.
Substantial-compliance doctrine. The Eighth Circuit also ruled that the lower court did not err when it refused to apply the substantial compliance doctrine. It was unsettled in the Eighth Circuit whether the doctrine was recognizable, but the appellate court explained that, even assuming the doctrine was available to Jane, it still would not rescue her argument because the doctrine would not deprive the plan administrator of the power to require strict compliance with the terms of the plan in light of the plan administrator’s discretion to determine benefits. The case law Jane presented was distinguishable because a court may excuse a technical non-compliance with an employee-sponsored plan, i.e., permit a beneficiary change for a form that was submitted but not signed or dated, but that does not preclude a plan administrator from enforcing compliance with the plan requirements. The Eighth Circuit stated: “[w]hatever the soundness of the substantial-compliance doctrine is another context, however, the doctrine does not operate to interfere with discretion granted to a plan administrator by an ERISA plan.” This reasoning was supported by case law in sister circuits. Therefore, the district court’s ruling was affirmed.
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22 - 1 - 2020 | 7:37
SCS11 Conference
Home Conferences & Seminars Second International Workshop, November 2010 Perspectives and proposed approach on cooperation for regional security and development in the South China Sea, by Alberto A. Encomienda
Perspectives and proposed approach on cooperation for regional security and development in the South China Sea, by Alberto A. Encomienda
Tuesday, 02 August 2011 02:50 tuan anh
This academic paper provides personal perspectives and practical insights into the following topics: (i) Recent developments in the South China Sea and their implications for regional security and prosperity; (ii) Cooperation in the South China Sea for regional security and development.
Many points raised in this paper are observations and institutional knowledge arising from involvement in the South China Sea issues for three decades as a diplomatist of my country, the front-line claimant State. It is nevertheless hoped that this paper can generate some interest in practical steps that can be taken to alleviate the current conflict situation in the South China Sea
The Historic and Traditional Significance of the South China Sea in the Regional and Global Context
Since time immemorial the importance of the South China Sea was always as communications link between islands and among early civilizations in the region. The regional sea was a unifying rather than a divisive factor; a sea of tranquillity never conflicted. More recent regional and global developments of the past sixty (60) years, however, have impacted on the geostrategic significance of the South China Sea, in two aspects, thus:
· the strategic politico/military regional context at the conclusion of the Second World War
· the increasingly intensifying competition for potential petroleum and mineral resources; including jurisdictional assertions in regard to fish resources
In regard to the first aspect above, the South China Sea has always been a very important regional body of water in terms of navigational routes for domestic and intra-regional, and international, vessel traffic. For descriptive purposes, borrowing from the ASEAN-US joint statement at the Second ASEAN-US Meeting this year, the South China Sea has traditionally enjoyed “regional peace and stability, maritime security, unimpeded commerce and freedom of navigation”. The regional maritime culture serving all human activities in the South China Sea early in maritime history was always as “mare liberum”. This was the prevailing regional international law of the sea long after the early world maritime Powers shifted to the concept, and instituted, the norm of “mare clausum” initiated under the Treaty of Tordisillas in the 14th century.
The changed circumstances and geopolitical realities of post-World War II could initially render justifiable the ensuing frantic marine-grab among riparian States of the South China Sea, heretofore friendly neighbours. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, it was seen that some islands and islets in the South China Sea were used as staging areas by aggressor States. Concerned riparian States scrambled to secure possession of any and all geological formations in the regional sea as immediate reaction towards ensuring national security. In the developing situation, considering the aforementioned earlier prevailing atmosphere in regard to the South China Sea as a peacefully shared resource, the riparian claimant States are hard put to justify the basis/es of their respective claims which, in the accepted modality of the time, must be anchored on ownership. Some claimant States would even include among other bases of their claims, that of “discovery”; invoking the notion that the islands and islets are “res nullius”. With ownership and sovereignty as bases for claims, the mare liberum regional norm for the South China Sea quickly morphed into mare clausum. The foregoing can be seen as the political origins of the South China Sea disputes.
There could, however, be no further justification for this regional security concern in the post-war decade upon the coming into force of the Charter of the United Nations that established the principle of non-use of force in the relations among nations, and collective security. Moreover, in the special geological/geographical situation of the South China Sea as an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea, an ocean governance mechanism with direct implications on regional maritime security was shortly thereafter instituted under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The newly “claimant” States, however, would not or could not revert to the status quo ante bellum.
In regard to petroleum and mineral resources, these did not figure into the South China Sea competition and conflict scenario until at least two decades after World War II. In the decade of the eighties, when talk began to emerge in regard to potential petroleum reserves in the South China Sea, the argument was whether or not there were such resources at all in the South China Sea or, if there does exist, whether they were commercially exploitable. This was to dampen the acquisition zeal among riparian States. At the beginning of the decade of the nineties when it was more definitively determined that petroleum resources are indeed present in the contested area, the debate shifted to estimates of the potential size of oil and natural gas reserves, which kept getting bigger and bigger. It is also to be noted that sovereignty claims in the South China Sea began to intensify at this point in time and for the foregoing reason, reaching the current conflict and competition crescendo that was dramatically boosted by the two “oil shocks” occurring in the mid-seventies and late eighties. The conflict and competition further intensified with the advent of the UNCLOS that provides expanded maritime jurisdictions generated by individual islands i.e. the Continental Shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone. In the geological/geographical context of the South China Sea, the resulting enlargement of maritime jurisdictions unavoidably created territorial and jurisdictional overlaps that further complicated the claims and exacerbated tensions. The foregoing events can be said to be the economic underpinnings that would prevent a return to pre-World War II maritime status quo in the regional sea.
As to competition for fisheries resources, up to this very moment this has never been a serious contention in the context of the South China Sea, proof being that there has been no perceived need even among riparian States sharing the resources to control exploitation and conservation, and install international or regional governance mechanisms. A claimant State in recent years imposed national fisheries regulation in the South China Sea in terms of “closed seasons” for fishing that also covered the contested areas. The clear intent, however, is more of an added step to bolster its sovereignty claim, later additionally “strengthened” by the building of a “fishermen’s shelter” in a strategic part of the contested area. An accompanying promise to share the shelter with fishermen from other countries was never made good. This is not to say that fisheries is not a factor in the geopolitical situation of the South China Sea, but at the moment, to simplify the issues, fisheries cannot be considered a factor to justify the assertion of national jurisdiction. Fisheries as an argument to defend national interests in the South China Sea and support an assertion of sovereignty is . . . sophistry.
The foregoing is merely an attempt to clarify and simplify issues to better appreciate proposals for a solution. No fault-finding or finger-pointing, much less criticism, against any concerned State is intended. A narrative description along the above points to further improve perspective and a better appreciation of relevant issues and hopefully provide some guidance on a way forward, is provided below.
Navigational routes in the South China Sea
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) describes the important role of the ocean, thus: “the history of the world is a history of exploration, conquest and trade by sea.” Ocean history as a history of trade by sea is necessarily true for Asia which is straddled at its eastern maritime rampart with archipelagos, which also forms the outer ring of the South China Sea on the Pacific Ocean side. Sea-borne trade among the countries of Southeast Asia, China, Japan and India, as well as others, have traditionally carried on for centuries. Historical records show that maritime trading has been active in the entire length and breadth of the South China Sea since the early beginnings of seafaring, and wherein later were established important communications arteries of the olden Silk Road, the Spice Route, the Galleon Trade and the European age of discovery, and China’s age of exploration during the Ming dynasty.
In more contemporary times, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) estimates international seaborne trade in 2007 at 8.02 billion tons of goods loaded. A geographical breakdown of goods loaded by region attributes to Asia the largest share at forty per cent (40%),[1]necessarily assigning the South China Sea as among world’s busiest shipping routes. The South China Sea connects Northeast Asia with Southeast Asia and the Middle East. More than half of the world’s annual merchant fleet tonnage passes through the Straits of Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok, with the substantial portion continuing on to the South China Sea.[2]Tanker traffic through the Strait of Malacca leading into the South China Sea is more than three times greater than that transitting the Suez Canal, and well over five times more the volume through the Panama Canal.[3]UNCTAD predicts that global seaborne trade would increase by 44% in 2020 and double by 2031. With fast growing economies in Asia, the South China Sea is clearly destined to continue to play a strategic and significant role in world maritime commercial navigation.
South China Sea Energy Resources
The South China Sea is said to have evolved from “complicated plate tectonic movement in the surrounding areas . . . which bear great influence on the regional tectonic pattern, paleo-environmental change, formation of sedimentary basins and distribution of oil and gas resources.” This geological attribute raised assumptions that energy resources exist in the area,[4]and fuelled further curiosity and investigations.
While estimates from various sources on the potential oil and gas resources in the South China Sea varies, recent studies indicate that the Reed Bank alone, closely adjacent to the Philippines and well within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) but nevertheless assertively defined by other claimant States as contested area, could contain some 0.1 – trillion cubic meters (3.4 – trillion cubic feet of gas) and potentially 440 million barrels of oil[5]. As energy requirement in the region continue to grow (the Energy Information Administration of the United States projects that the oil demand for South China Sea nations will more than double from about 15.1 million barrels per day in 2002 to nearly 33.6 million barrels per day by 2025[6]), competition for the resource would intensify and thus the South China Sea would persist to be a flashpoint in the region unless arrangements are quickly reached to moderate and manage conflict and competition
Fisheries Resources of the South China Sea
According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), South China Sea fisheries are of significant local, national and international importance as it is a major contributor to both food and national income.[7]The South China Sea is considered one of the most important and abundant commercial fisheries in the world, with 2500 species of marine fishes and 500 species of reef-building corals.[8]The common commercial fish stocks in the region are scads and mackerels, which are shared stocks, and tuna and tuna-like species, which are highly migratory species.[9]The region has a total annual marine production of over 8 million tonnes, which is about 10% of the total world catch.[10]Among the three main claimant States, the issue relating to fisheries is not competition for the resource, but illegal entry of fisherfolk and fishing vessels into national territory.
Post - World War II Political Atmosphere in the South China Sea Region
At the end of World War II, political interaction among the regional States no longer enjoyed the politico-cultural and social cohesion earlier in the history of the region mainly due to the intervening colonial period that resulted in deferring national political structures, socio-cultural orientation, and development among regional States. The colonial period, which was the Age of Discovery among competing European States, and later the entry of the United States of America, made strangers among South China Sea neighbour-States. Even earlier, the semblance of a unifying strand of suzerainty among regional civilizations under the Middle Kingdom abruptly ended with the Zheng He expeditions during the Ming Dynasty, after the untimely death of the Admiral. The resulting political estrangement among regional States can be seen as the reason why, in the immediate aftermath of World War II, it was “every man for himself” in unilateral appropriation of islands and islets in the South China Sea looking at ensuring the protection of national security interests. There was no longer any shared sense of regionalism or regional identity after at almost four centuries of estrangement among riparian neighbour-States. Eventually, the post World War II competition for maritime territories rapidly deteriorated to a conflict situation with the discovery of potentially large hydrocarbon resources in the South China Sea; further intensified by demand for petroleum resources driven by fast-growing economies of regional countries especially among claimant States. National security concerns were rapidly colored with economic security.
Approaches to Settlement of Disputes
Settlement of Traditional Security Issues in the South China Sea
In the consideration of possible solutions to the traditional security issues associated with the South China Sea, a number of specific measures for limited purposes and applications have been discussed over time. These will not be considered here, although a topical example would be mentioned merely to project the stop-gap nature of these proposals. Reference is made to reports that the two parties to a similar “island” – ownership dispute in the East China Sea have agreed to a “liaison system” in the wake of a recent incident involving a collision of Coast Guard vessels of one party and a fishing vessel belonging to the other. This is to prevent conflicts at sea. This is not to say that arrangements for confidence-building or conflict-prevention at sea are meaningless or without value. But these do not remove or address the “core” issue of the conflict scenario which is sovereignty and ownership. They would serve a constructive but limited purpose, and it would take a very long time before the collectivity of such piece-meal arrangements could contribute to the desired coherent durable solution to the South China Sea concerns. Indeed, a basket of similar mechanisms for the South China Sea proposed in 2006 under the Declaration of Conduct of Parties to the South China Sea (DOC-South China Sea) . . . a draft Guidelines on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties on the South China Sea, has not even began discussions.
The “core” political issue in the conflict situation in the South China Sea is sovereignty or ownership of certain areas, or practically the entire South China Sea. In the post-World War II period, this conflict necessarily must be resolved in the context of the Charter of the United Nations which prohibits the use of force and prescribes a variety of modes for pacific settlement. In the order it is written in the Charter, these are as follows: negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration and resort to judicial settlement.For obvious reasons, the current state of affairs in the South China Sea, would seem, offhand, to prelude enquiry and conciliation. So would arbitration, as shall be seen later.
· Resort to Judicial Settlement - In the above listing of modes of pacific settlement of disputes in the Charter of the United Nations, it is generally accepted that the most durable and with the strongest sense of finality is recourse to judicial settlement. The possible venues for this modality are the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Such a recourse, however, is far easier said than done. It would be extremely difficult, a virtual impossibility, for all the parties together to jointly compose a justiciable case before the Courts on account of the differing bases justifying each claim to ownership; the separate claimants have separate baskets of disparate arguments in support of their respective claims. And this is not to mention the complex procedural process of initiating a case. Moreover, there would expectedly be some reticence on the part of contending parties because disputants have included “historical accounts” as among a principal basis for a claim to ownership. It is well-established in decisions of the ICJ that historical basis alone, without proof of actual possession and exercise of jurisdiction, cannot be sufficient basis for a claim of ownership. And as indicated earlier, in the disputed area, claimant States cannot definitively buttress a historical basis with concurrent actual possession and administration. Finally, anticipating or forecasting a decision of the Court would be a risk the claimants would not gamble with especially because the objects of ownership claims in the disputed area may not even qualify under the UNCLOS definition of an “island” that is capable of supporting human habitation, in order to be subject of appropriation. The disputed area are a collection of islands (which, however, cannot support “human habitation” in the ordinary understanding of the phrase), shoals, islets, cays and reefs. A resort to judicial settlement can therefore be removed from among possible tools for pacific settlement. At any rate, it does not seem even to have crossed the minds of the claimant States; never even been made mention of.
· In re Mediation and Arbitration - The chances of a recourse to arbitration would be remote under the same circumstances inasmuch as the same aforestated principles as those laid out by the ICJ would most likely be applied by arbitrators. Recourse to mediation would also be highly unlikely for the reason that ownership issues associated with the South China Sea dispute would not be capable of being joined. In this case, there is the added practical reason that, in a “give and take” situation that is the nature of mediation, no State would ever be seen as giving up on sovereign territory or even compromising on sovereignty.
· Negotiation –The traditional mode for pacific settlement of disputes between States has been through negotiations. And this is what is going on in the case of the South China Sea issues. However, there has been no direct bilateral negotiations between the concerned States – the preferred recourse of the largest and strongest, militarily and economically, among the claimant States. Understandably the lesser Powers among the claimant States would not engage in bilateral negotiations with the dominant Power as the dramatically unequal power equation among them would necessarily result in a perception of an uneven playing field; or of an unequal treaty or treaties (hence, never durable). The lesser parties in the power equation who are members of a regional bloc sought political support under the umbrella of the regional organization, which can be seen as a classic geopolitical move. This recourse by the lesser Powers is inevitably compelled because in a two-party alliance of the lesser Powers herein alluded to, their combined economic and military resources would not even dent the counter might of the dominant regional Power whose military and economic clout, and corresponding political influence, continues to increase mightily.
Track I “groundwork” and seed for negotiations was initiated by the Philippines through the Manila ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea in the wake of the so-called Mischief Reef incident in 1992. In 1995, the Philippines separately agreed with China and Vietnam on bilateral codes of conduct to minimize the chances of accidental shooting or conflicts. The aforementioned Track I formal beginnings was followed by the ASEAN-China negotiations on a Code of Conduct. An early problem, however, are differing perceptions of the negotiating arrangement: ASEAN feels it is dealing with China as a regional bloc, whereas China takes the position that it is dealing with individual members or States of ASEAN through the regional bloc. At that, the subject of the negotiations, or any semblance of it, skirts the core issue of sovereignty or ownership. ASEAN-China, in whatever of the foregoing configuration the interaction may be viewed, is negotiating merely to establish arrangements to avoid the use of force by putting in place confidence building measures bilaterally or multilaterally.
The mileage thus far achieved at this early stage at negotiations was an attempt to establish a Code of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (COC-South China Sea) between ASEAN and China, setting forth norms of behaviour and values that the Parties are obliged to observe in the South China Sea. Specifically, the COC-South China Sea would discourage the Parties from undertaking any activity that would escalate or complicate the territorial disputes. The COC-South China Sea also recommends certain confidence building activities that concerned Parties are exhorted to pursue bilaterally or multilaterally. Despite some years in the making, the COC-South China Sea failed of acceptance among the Parties. In a move to save the situation, the draft Code of Conduct was “downgraded” to a Declaration of Conduct (DOC) which gained acceptance as an intended interim measure. An affirmation of the intention to eventually adopt a Code of Conduct is contained in the DOC.[11]It is said that there is a difference between a Code of Conduct, which is deemed normative and would prescribe sanctions against States Parties committing violations; whereas a Declaration of Conduct is said to be non-binding and merely hortatory. Nevertheless, at the time of its adoption, the DOC-South China Sea was generally seen to be the harbingerof regional peace and maritime security.
[It is not at all constructive that the attitude of the parties makes a distinction between the Declaration of Conduct characterized as being non-binding, and a Code of Conduct which is normative. This is as if a consensus Declaration among sovereign States is a mere “scrap of paper” without even a moral weight. Moreover, granting that the aforesaid distinction is valid and relevant, and a Code of Conduct is buttressed by penalty clause or clauses, considering the disparate power equation and intensity of competition among parties, it would be extremely doubtful that even a Code would find proper respect. A Code of Conduct, if the principal motive is for the parties to desist from the use of force and to pursue a peaceful resolution of the conflict is surplusage. The Charter of the United Nations, the United Nations Declaration of Rights and Duties of States, and the Law of the Sea Convention (the Constitution of the Oceans) already covers all aspects of interstate relations and the peaceful settlement of disputes, and settlement of maritime and ocean issues. Moreover, it can be said that regional “codes of conduct” in historical experience largely evolved from the management or adjustment of relations among regional States and more a governance scenario than containing and highlighting territorial conflicts. A final consideration, if the Declaration of Conduct which is supposed to be non-binding, took almost a decade to draft, how long would it take for a Code of Conduct to be realized – from drafting and all the way to signing and entry into force? By this time, so many aspects of the problem may already be “fait accompli” that may even preclude any possibility of addressing the soft, non-traditional (governance) security concerns. A food for thought, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States, though strictly non-binding being “mere” declarations, acquired normative status as customary international law because of the spirit of universal acceptance that they were received among signatories. If it can be said that the DOC-South China Sea enjoys the same spirit of acceptance among its modest circle of parties, there would be no need for a COC-South China Sea; the DOC-South China Sea would be customary regional international law. (A malevolent thought - the COC-South China Sea could well be a red herring.) A historical concern also is that a COC-South China Sea, or even a DOC-South China Sea, would distort the earlier time immemorial reputation of the South China Sea and its surrounding civilizations being a zone of peace and freedom.]
Post DOC-South China Sea Developments
The DOC-South China Sea signified an implicit acceptance from the claimant countries that territorial disputes in the South China Sea will be put in the backburner. However, recent developments deemed violations of the DOC-South China Sea would cause the South China Sea issue to percolate instead of simmer down, contrary to the spirit of the Declaration; among which are:
· The passage by the Philippines of Republic Act No. 9522 (Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law) in March 2009. The Archipelagic Baselines Law reaffirms the Philippine sovereignty over the Kalayaan Island Group (KIG), a group of islands within the Spratlys that are also being claimed by Vietnam and China. The passage of the law was protested by both China and Vietnam[12];
· The unilateral submission by Vietnam[13]and the joint submission by Malaysia[14]and Vietnam to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) of their claims for extended continental shelf (ECS) in the South China Sea in May 2009. The two submissions were protested by the Philippines and China;
· The decision of the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to defer the consideration of the ECS submissions of Vietnam and Malaysia in order to provide the concerned parties in the South China Sea the opportunity to discuss among themselves;[15]which in effect highlighted the differences among the Parties in the South China Sea;
· TheTripartite Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking (JMSU) in the South China Sea among China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Vietnam Oil and Gas Corporation (PETROVIETNAM), and the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) in 2005[16]and the failure to proceed to the next step of joint exploration;
· Reported aggressive militarization among certain claimant countries[17]and strengthening of garrisons in occupied areas; and the reported substantial build-up of “monitoring” vessels in the South China Sea by one party[18](and the demonstration by the same Party of planting its flag on the seabed in the contested area).
Amidst all these, ASEAN and China have not even come to an agreement on the Guidelines to implement the cooperative activities under the DOC-South China Sea as earlier mentioned, while at the same time ostensibly expressing a common desire to upgrade the non-binding Declaration of Conduct into an agreed normative undertaking in the form of a Code of Conduct (discussions on a Code of Conduct at a working level is said to have commenced).[19]Against the foregoing background of post-DOC-South China Sea events, there was not a positive development in the interest of peace and continued avoidance of conflict.
Way Forward: Standstill ... (and Rollback?)
Given the foregoing recent negative scenario despite the DOC-South China Sea, the South China Sea has continued to be a crucible of conflict and controversy. The above terminology in this chapter title is borrowed from international trade negotiations but an apt graphic proposition as a starting point from which to proceed towards a way forward at this point in time, and considering the continuing deterioration of the situation in the South China Sea. In the search for durable arrangements that could help alleviate, hopefully even reverse, the worsening situation, a standstill is essential. This is not a novel proposition. In 1996 China proposed “shelving” of sovereignty claims (and to proceed to consider joint cooperation/development among claimant States). And as indicated above, the DOC-South China Sea exhorts the Parties to desist from activities that would escalate or complicate the territorial disputes; clearly a call for standstill.
The prevailing conflict situation, needless to say, cannot be allowed to continue to fester. A much – desired rollback, however, to a much-desired pre-World War II situation is far from imminent and may well be impossible. The massively constructed and fortified structures that claimant States have built on non-island geological formations, no mere “installations”, is testimony to hardline positions and would not be easily deconstructed by claimant States responsible. Moreover, the pursuit of a COC-South China Sea cannot be seen to augur a durable solution for the reason adverted to earlier that it does not directly address the “core” issue of sovereignty or ownership. There is even the question of whether the COC-South China Sea, granting strong political will all around, could be completed in another decade, which might be optimistic considering the length of time that it took to draft the “non-binding” DOC-South China Sea, and drafting the GUIDELINES (which took another four years). Furthermore, a Code of Conduct which presumes to penalize sovereign States in the event of violations would necessarily require signature and ratification which could further stretch the time frame for entry into force. And even if indeed enforceable, the Code would not contribute any semblance of stability, not to mention maritime peace and security, since the “core” issue, the continuing source of controversies, is unresolved.
This is not to say that the “core” issue is capable of resolution, it is not, as earlier posited (see p.7). In this situation the primordial and immediate concern of the region would be maritime peace, security and good order; and this can only be achieved through a regional, multilateral ocean governance mechanism. With a good faith understanding and effort at a standstill under the DOC-South China Sea the next move would be to institute the equivalent of what ICJ and ITLOS procedures would call “provisional measures” that would pave the way for the ocean governance mechanism. This can be done without the necessity of a DOC-South China Sea which, from all indications could come too late in the day and, even if it does come, would be no better than the DOC-South China Sea in “observance” by the parties. Pursuing the COC-South China Sea which failed the first time around could well create a false sense of security. A claimant State has already acquired the capability to drill in deep waters, and continue to explore for mineral resources in the South China Sea[20]. A late-arriving DOC-South China Sea would not forestall an anticipated and logical eventual event which is unilateral exploitation.
It is clear, borne out of almost half-a-century of simmering low-level conflict with a constant threat of a looming flashpoint, that negotiations for a durable solution to the South China issues is not leading anywhere despite the DOC-South China Sea favourably heralded shortly after its adoption. The continuing low-intensity skirmishes and the existence of garrisoned and heavily constructed structures on non-islands in the contested areas would attest to this. Furthermore, no durable solution is in sight if sovereignty and ownership is the bone of contention. But as stated earlier, introducing ocean governance in the area, even as “interim” or provisional measures that in the fullness of time could ripen to permanence, is critical and indispensable. The current situation is already untenable; what would happen when the intense competition and creeping unilateral exploitation of petroleum and other mineral resources goes unabated, would be unimaginable. Resort must be urgently made to addressing non-traditional security issues. The immediate aim is to institute regional maritime safety and security, and peace and good order.
Non-Traditional Security Issues
At this point, non-traditional security issues need not be defined in specificity. They can be generally described as anything and everything outside of the political/security issues and oriented towards an institutionalized mechanism of ocean governance in the South China Sea to promote and establish maritime peace, security and good order. A few examples would be fisheries and biodiversity protection and conservation, coastal resources management, marine environmental protection, safety and security of navigation, oil spill response, search and rescue, among many others possible. Many of these are mentioned in the DOC-South China Sea.
The idea of addressing non-traditional security issues is not new, either. It is contained in the DOC-South China Sea to be packaged asconfidence-building measures, which is encouraged to be undertaken bilaterally or multilaterally. This would have been a good beginning if pursued earnestly and in good faith immediately upon adoption of the DOC-South China Sea almost a decade ago. Pursuing this DOC-South China Sea prescription now, within its prescribed parameters, while a positive step nevertheless, and granted strong political will all around, would nevertheless be a rather extremely slow boat to . . . “somewhere”. A ready-made, tailor-made packaging of non-traditional security issues most suitable to the circumstances of the South China Sea already exists under UNCLOS Part IX. It is ready-made in normative terms under UNCLOS; and UNCLOS Part IX cooperation is tailor-made for enclosed and semi-enclosed seas of which the South China Sea is the classic geological/geographical model unique to the world. This is especially true in regard to challenges to the marine environment and safety and security of navigation. Moreover, the suitability of UNCLOS Part IX is not only on account of the geological/geographical lay-out of the South China Sea but in the necessity for its immediate urgent implementation to help moderate a prevailing charged political atmosphere in this maritime region. This is the principal thrust of this paper and an independent, not alternative, proposal. Traditional security has by this time, been discussed to extreme exhaustion with no semblance of concrete results.
Defining the direction and packaging of this suggested thrust towards addressing non-traditional security issues ought not to be difficult. The idea and seeds of the concept is contained in normative terms under UNCLOS Part IX, and already discussed in the Track II mode. What needs to be done is to continue the effort to define, develop and package the concept and implementing ideas in a comprehensive and coherent manner, intended for a more formal introduction into the Track I mode.
Recent Developments indicating Road Map
Certain events of the past six months would seem to provide guidance on next steps. The following are cited:
· recent initiatives towards drafting the COC-South China Sea
· statement of the United States of America at the ASEAN-U.S. Ministerial Meeting, Ha Noi, 22 July 2010
· reiteration by China of joint cooperation/joint development proposal
· the Gulf of Mexico oil spill incident, and other recent large-scale such incidents affecting the ocean
Resumed joint effort on DOC-South China Sea
The ASEAN-China consensus to begin work on the COC-South China Sea is positive in the sense that attention seems to be gaining for a resumption of joint efforts towards a solution of the South China Sea issues. Although it is here earlier opined that a COC-South China Sea may not be the appropriate modality to achieve a durable solution that would address the core issues of sovereignty and jurisdiction, this renewed attention would be a positive development somehow after a decade of virtual hiatus in the effort to find some solution.
Institutionalized regional ocean governance
The statement of the United States of America at the ASEAN-U.S. Ministerial Meeting held in Ha Noi, on 22 July 2010, must be seen in a positive light, and taken at face value. It declares non-interest in the territorial issues in the South China Sea, and a close reading of the statement contains the following elements[21]:
· solution of South China Sea-issues through friendly negotiations among regional States
· institutionalized solutions under the Law of the Sea Convention
The above formula is unarguable, and it comes from a category of stakeholders in the South China Sea that UNCLOS Part IX calls “other interested States” in the context of an enclosed and semi-enclosed sea, wherein intra-and extra-regional States can have participation. What seems uncalled for in the statement of the United States is putting leadership on ASEAN. Also, maritime governance of the South China Sea under UNCLOS Part IX connotes some exclusivity among riparian States and not exactly in the character of an international “commons”. An important note on the abovementioned Statement of the United States, is that it sidetracks settlement of ownership or sovereignty issues, and more of a restatement and call for implementation of the DOC-South China Sea.
A further suggestion to simplify and clarify the dispute scenario is to expunge from the conflict-scenario language the word “internationalize”. This is currently used against an attempt by a superpower to “assert” its rights in the South China Sea maritime “commons”. In the context of the South China Sea as an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea, criss-crossed by regional and international sea lanes of communications, by vessels representing 40% of the world commercial shipping tonnage, the entire world, including landlocked States, are stakeholders in all aspects of lawful human activities including, especially, conservation and protection of marine environment.
[In regard to an institutionalized mechanism to address non-traditional security issues, UNCLOS Part IX also exhorts the establishment of a regional organization under which such cooperation on ocean governance may be undertaken. While this is clearly optional, the extremely complex governance requirements of the South China Sea, with varying and overlapping UNCLOS maritime jurisdictional prescriptions, bordered at its eastern (Pacific Ocean) flank by three of the largest archipelagic States wherein the UNCLOS regime[22]is still largely undeveloped (especially in regard to maritime jurisdictional regimes applicable, e.g. the EEZ), and transit passage, a regional maritime organization might be essential and practical for a comprehensive, institutionalized regional ocean governance regime. Aside from immediate attention to current ocean governance concerns, it could also take the lead in instituting early studies and anticipate/initiate “progressive development” of regional international law responsive to the peculiar conditions of the South China Sea that would redress deficiencies in UNCLOS Part IX. The regional maritime organization must be directly linked to the IMO. States participants in the regional context of the South China Sea enclosed and semi-enclosed sea would necessarily transcend ASEAN. Indeed, other interested States can be participants, as would international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as provided for under UNCLOS Part IX.]
Joint Cooperation/Joint Development
Beyond the DOC-South China Sea/COC-South China Sea which are mere palliatives as provisional measures or interim measures in an effort to avoid escalation of conflict, perhaps it is also opportune to start serious examination of a proposal from a claimant State since way back a decade and a half ago to . . . shelve sovereignty issues and proceed to consider joint cooperation/joint development. Another claimant State is on record of a prompt favourable response seconding the proposal. Regrettably, there was no follow-up action. Joint Cooperation/Joint Development has always been a recourse to gloss over any incipient or latent border issues to allow exploitation of resources; or promote awareness of best practices of such arrangements to enhance regional peace and security. In the context of the South China Sea, it is not an isolated nor a novel approach. Such arrangements were already being pursued among and between riparian States that have maritime territorial or jurisdictional problems. Joint development agreements between Thailand and Malaysia, and Malaysia and Vietnam have allowed offshore oil and gas development to proceed.[23]China and Taiwan are known to have undertaken a Joint Cooperation project in the so-called “Chaosan Block” northwest of the Philippines, early this century.
Some initial familiarity of an UNCLOS Part IX cooperation scenario is already provided in the Track II channel, some with official Track I sanction. The Philippines – Vietnam Joint Scientific Research Expedition (JOMSRE), which was on the verge of graduating to a tripartite China – Philippines – Vietnam arrangement (aborted at the last–minute by the withdrawal of a participant concerned with a possible internal issue), is an example. The latest arrangement is the tripartite Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking (JMSU) also among the three claimant States aforementioned but, regrettably abortive at the exploitation stage because of issues internal to one participant. Track II Workshops have also produced studies that may be useful in the South China Sea context and need only to be consolidated. These include the results of a workshop sponsored by the Ocean Policy Research Foundation (OPRF) entitled the “EEZ Group 21 Workshopon the Regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone” held in September 2005 in Tokyo, and the CSCAP Study Group on Capacity Building for Maritime Security Cooperation in Asia-Pacific held in Kunming, China in December 2004. A promising peace-building mechanism would be, if implemented, the joint decision among scientists of Philippines and Vietnam, during the closure ceremonies in 2008 for the bilateral RP-Vietnam JOMSRE-South China Sea adverted to earlier. (This closure ceremony was to have marked the aforementioned graduation of the Joint Oceanographic and Marine Scientific Research Expedition into a tripartite arrangement between China-Philippines and Vietnam.) The scientists agreed to establish a Transborder Marine Peace Park to encompass the marine geological features respectively occupied by their respective countries.
Joint Development/Joint Cooperation would still be the viable practical proposition for a durable alternative arrangement as the core issue of ownership and sovereignty will always remain intractable. The proposal has been brought up-to-date and recently reiterated by the claimant State originally proposing it. It is therefore a current development that should finally be accorded serious consideration alongside the renewed efforts at formulating a COC-South China Sea or, instead of the latter, a separate companion arrangement on non-traditional security concerns. If the proposal of this paper is pursued i.e. to proceed with implementation of UNCLOS Part IX, in place of or together with COC-South China Sea, joint development/joint cooperation would be an indispensible partner-proposal which, together, would be the durable and face-saving formula for the sovereignty/ownership claims to fade away.
Oil Spill incidents as imperative “prior restraint” on Joint Development/Joint Cooperation implementation
The delayed practical implementation of joint cooperation/joint development arrangements in the contested areas of the South China Sea, however, may prove to be constructive in light of the damage scenario of extensive environmental/ecological and economic harm brought about by recent oil spill incidents that should be cause for serious concern in contemplating development activities (whether joint or otherwise) in the South China Sea. These series of large-scale oil spill scenarios would be portentous in the South China Sea if drilling for oil or gas happens before stringent management and monitoring, and response measures, are instituted. These incidents are recent developments of just the last six months and hence topical and relevant to any discussion on joint cooperation and joint development in the South China Sea which, at this point in time is mainly about oil and gas although potential mineral resources are also seen to present similar threats.
The most infamous of these topical incidents is the oil rig disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. This is due to the sheer size of affected sea area and the extent of pollution of long stretches of beaches and the clear lack of management and ready technical expertise for deep ocean oil operations, and most especially, disaster response preparedness. Of lesser magnitude are the Xingang Port oil spill in Dalian, China, and the Montara oil spill in the northern coast of Western Australia. The bottom-line damage in all three incidents are severely polluted beaches, poisoned seafood and wildlife, and damage to tourism and fishing industry.
The Philippines had suffered through oil spill incidents, not from oil extraction activities but arising from vessel incidents at port and domestic petroleum tanker collisions. The incidents and resulting damage to the sea environment is infinitesimal compared to the abovementioned cases. Nevertheless, by the very nature of the Philippines as an archipelago, local damage would adversely affect local communities in the same manner as above, and the national economy itself. In this regard, awareness of the abovementioned recent oil incidents is of grave concern to the Philippines as the contested area where joint exploration and joint development are projected to occur skirts its territorial sea and well within its EEZ.
The abovementioned incidents, and the domestic microcosm of such incidents in the Philippines, suggests a regional response mechanism must be established before actual development is undertaken. Needless to say, this is in addition to stringent regulations on petroleum and mineral resources exploitation and monitoring, and transparency and coordination among stakeholders. A Track II effort could perhaps jumpstart awareness and cooperation, not only among the national governments of the regional countries, but also other neighbouring countries (once again in an UNCLOS Part IX context) for shared information, expertise and a systematic compilation of all forms of possible response assistance. Among essential lessons learned from the abovementioned large-scale disasters is transparency and accountability among stakeholder companies, and continuing coordination among all industry stakeholders, whether governmental of non-governmental entities, or private companies. The Montara (Australia) incident would be a good practical model and case study for this cooperation scheme.
Conclusion and suggested way forward
A “status quo” ante-bellum (pre-World War II) for the South China Sea should hopefully not be difficult to achieve for the claimant States were not enemy States in the Second World War; all were victim-States. And prior to World War II most were colonies and non-self-governing territories that had no control of their national, and regional, destinies. Even prior to the colonial era, there were merely a collection of tribal societies and civilizations, and thus national self-determination, and regional socio-political culture and political orientation, was totally absent. More important, however, peaceful co-existence and interaction prevailed. If an attitude towards the foregoing direction suggested in this paper is achieved, a new maritime security design for the South China Sea regional ocean, would be more than being a “commons”; it could be a collective regional trusteeship or a regional “common heritage of mankind”.
The South China Sea conflict has taken as long as the conflict in the Middle East. Lessons learned from this comparison on the time element is not about circumstances surrounding the two long-running conflicts. It is about the bottom-line being sovereignty issues that could take infinity to reach a settlement. Sovereignty issues must be put aside in the South China issues to move on. Moreover, a DOC-South China Sea/COC-South China Sea would not do justice to the early historical relations among riparian States, and generally unseemly and unbecoming among States in the present era of international diplomacy. (Is there an Israeli-Arab Code or Declaration of Conduct? Any such suggestion for a Japan-China East China Sea Code of Conduct? How about Japan-Korea?)
A presenter at the Ha Noi Conference just about a year ago, gave a cautionary note in regard to the situation in the South China Sea that . . . . . “fear is racing hope”. Since then, recent developments as presented above have abruptly changed the overall outlook, and circumstances. At this very moment, fear may already have overtaken hope. Nonetheless, to paraphrase a classic line, we . . . cannot be afraid . . . and neither be dismayed. One door i.e. the addressing traditional security issues including or arising from the “core” issue of sovereignty or ownership may be closed, but it is encouraging to note that another is opening i.e. addressing non-traditional security issues in tandem with conducting joint cooperation and joint development in contested areas. The former, while a “modus vivendi” in the short term is not a palliative – it is an urgent necessity addressing maritime governance concerns in the South China Sea. In the medium to long term, this tack may even be the face-saving device (extremely important and ever relevant in oriental culture) that could gloss over the intractable sovereignty claims and usher in the much-desired . . . ROLLBACK./.
Author’s biography
Mr. Alberto A. Encomienda, a career Foreign Service Officer of the Republic of the Philippines recently retired with the rank of Chief of Mission, Class I. He served as the country’s Ambassador to Greece, Malaysia and Singapore. His career specialization is Oceans Law and Policy with an LLM degree from the University of London in 1972, and Columbia University in 1978.
His government work in Oceans Policy and Law of the Sea, concentrated in the decade leading to his retirement, saw Mr. Encomienda as head of the then Maritime and Ocean Affairs Unit (MOAU) under the Office of the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, which was at the same time the Secretariat of the high-level Cabinet Committee on Maritime and Ocean Affairs (CABCOM-MOA). The CABCOM-MOA was later abolished and at the same time the MOAU was upgraded to the Maritime and Ocean Affairs Center (MOAC) to which devolved the agenda of the CABCOM-MOA and its policy formulation and oversight functions. MOAC functions were later transferred to the Office of the President to give a higher profile and prominence to the Ocean concerns of the country facing modern paradigms as an archipelagic State, through the creation of the Commission on Maritime and Ocean Affairs (CMOA) chaired by the Executive Secretary. Mr. Encomienda headed the CMOA Secretariat for a year after its establishment.
In his Track I role, Mr. Encomienda had an early exposure into practical ocean governance activity in an UNCLOS Part IX setting when he presided over the conduct of Exercise Luzon Sea (ELS 1) and the Philippines-Vietnam Joint Oceanographic and Marine Scientific ResearchExpedition in the South China Sea (JOMSRE-South China Sea) III and IV activities reflected in the Proceedings of the Conference on the Results of the RP-Vietnam Joint Oceanographic and Marine Scientific Research Expedition in the South China Sea (JOMSRE I to IV) and Exercise Luzon Sea (ELS) organized and held under MOAC auspices, during his tenure as its Secretary-General. Mr. Encomienda retired from diplomatic service in February 2009.
[1]United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), “Review of Maritime Transport 2008”. From the website http://wwwunctad.org/en/docs/rmt2008_en.pdf. Accessed on 26 September 2010.
[2]Seehttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/spratly-ship.htm.
[4]Estimates of the hydrocarbon potential in the area however vary. See “Global Security Org. South China Sea Oil and Gas.” At http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/spratly-oil.htm. See also Nguyen,2005.
[5]“China doesn’t take kindly to oil exploration by RP” Philippine Daily Inquirer, 16 August 2009, at p. A7
[6]Energy Information Administration. South China Sea. At
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_China_Sea/Background.html.
[7]UNEP, 2005. Wilkinson, C., DeVantier, L., Talaue-McManus, L., Lawrence, D. and D. Souter. South China Sea, GIWA Regional assessment 54. University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.
[9]Wang, Kuan-Hsuing. (2001), Bridge over troubled waters: fisheries cooperation as resolution to the South China Sea conflicts, The Pacific Review, 14(4):531-551.
[10]Nguyen, D. (2005), Settlement of disputes under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: The case of the South China Sea dispute, Unpublished. (Fellow paper at the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea). 84 p
[11]See item 10 in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Accessed from http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm.
[12]It is worth noting however that both China and Vietnam have already passed their respective baselines/territorial sea laws adopting the same approach that the Philippine has undertaken inregard to the treatment of the Spratlys Group of Islands. RA 9522 asserted Philippine sovereignty over the KIG but did not draw baselines around it. Under China’s Territorial and Baselines laws, China asserted claim over “Nansha Islands” (Spratlys Group of Islands), but did not designate basepoints and baselines on them. In the Statement of 12 November 1982 by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Territorial Sea Baseline of Vietnam, Vietnam indiacted that that the baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of Truong Sa (Spratlys) shall be determined later. See Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the baselines of the territorial sea, 15 May 1996 and the Statement of 12 November 1982 by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Territorial Sea Baseline of Vietnam.
[13]Vietnam has two ECS submissions in the South China Sea. One submission is an ECS claim with respect to the northern part of the South China Sea. The other submission is jointly made with Malaysia with respect to the ECS claim in the southern part of the South China Sea. See http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/commission_submissions.htm.
[14]Malaysia has made a joint submission with Vietnam for claim for ECS in the southern part of the South China Sea.
[15]See Items 21 and 24 of United Nations CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf ). CLCS/64 - Statement by the Chairman of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf on the progress of work in the Commission - Twenty-fourth session. Issued on 01 October 2009. Athttp://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/536/21
/PDF/N0953621.pdf?OpenElement.
[16]“RP, China, Vietnam to explore Spratlys.” (2005) The Manila Times.
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2005/mar/15/yehey/top_stories/20050315top5.html. Tuesday, March 15, 2005; See also Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China .(2005).Oil Companies of China, the Philippines and Vietnam signed Agreement on South China Sea Cooperation. Accessed from http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zwjg/zwbd/t187333.htm on March 9, 2006.
[17]In December 2009, Vietnam contracted Russian to deliver six Kilo class diesel submarines to Vietnam, worth a total of $3.2 billion.See
http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20100603/159279455.html. In 2009, Malaysia acquired two Scorpene-class submarines to strengthen its armed forces capability in safeguarding the country. See http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/03/content_11991609.htm.Reports indicate that China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has military capabilities that could support China’s territorial and maritime claims. See Fischer, Richard Jr. South China Sea Competition: China Contemplates More Mischief, June 28, 2009. At
http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.209/pub_detail.asp.
[18]Manila BulletinChina to Boost Maritime Fleet, 29 October 2010 at p.17, datelined Associated Press, Beijing
[19]ASEAN and China have commenced discussions of a Code of Conduct at a working level. See http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-09/30/content_11371512.htm. Accessed on 30 September 2010.
[20]ChinaCovets Riches Deep Under the Ocean The New York Times reproduced by Manila Bulletin, 25 September 2010 at p.10
[21]State Minister Hillary Clinton also outlined the US position on the South China Sea during a press briefing held on 23 July 2010. See
http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/07/145095.htm#. Accessed on 30 September 2010.
[22]UNCLOS Part IV
[23]A Code of Conduct for the South China Se,. Jane’s Intelligence Review. 16 October 2000. Retrieved on 06 April 2006 from
http://www.janes.com/regional_news/asia_pacific/news/jir/jir001027_1_n.shtml.
CLCS submissions and claims in the South China Sea, by Robert C. Beckman & Tara Davenport[16/08/2011 09:52]
When the elephants dance….China, the United States and the South China Sea, by Geoffrey Till[16/08/2011 02:34]
Approach for the implementation of regional cooperative activities in the South China Sea: An analysis, by Vu Hai Dang[08/08/2011 09:27]
All for one, one for all: promoting economic activities in the South China Sea, by Nazery Khalid[04/08/2011 02:17]
Implementing CBMS in the 2002 DOC: A roadmap to managing the South China Sea dispute, by Ian Storey[02/08/2011 08:20]
The Impact of Artificial Islands on Territorial Disputes Over The Sparatly Islands, by Zou Keyuan[21/07/2011 06:31]
Cooperation for regional security and development in the South china Sea, by Rodolfo C. Severino[21/07/2011 03:58]
China-Vietnam fishery cooperation in the gulf of tonkin revisited, by Li Jianwei & Chen Pingping[21/07/2011 02:12]
Join development of marine fisheries resources, by Wang Hanling[21/07/2011 00:00]
Cooperation in the South China Sea: Views on the Philippines – Vietnam cooperation on maritime and ocean concerns, by Henry S. Bensurto, Jr.[20/07/2011 07:57]
Three dispute and three objectives: China and the South China Sea, by Peter Dutton[20/07/2011 05:55]
The US-China Competition In The South China Sea: Strategic Implication For Regional Security by Fu-Kuo Liu[15/07/2011 10:47]
Recent Developments in The South China Sea: Grounds For Cautions Optimism, By Carlyle A. Thayer[15/07/2011 10:28]
Misperceptions, national interests, and law in the South China Sea, by Stein Tønnesson[15/07/2011 10:21]
Recent Development In The South China Sea: From Declaration To Code Of Conduct, By Tran Truong Thuy[15/07/2011 09:59]
Second International Workshop
CLCS submissions and claims in the South China Sea, by Robert C. Beckman & Tara Davenport
We will first briefly outline the claims to islands in the South China Sea prior to 2009. We will then examine the official documents submitted to the CLCS relating to the South China Sea claims and the significance of these developments, especially how they have resulted in several of the claimants bringing their claims into conformity with their rights and obligations under UNCLOS
When the elephants dance….China, the United States and the South China Sea, by Geoffrey Till
This paper will focus on the symbolic aspect of this island dispute for China and for the United States, a country that is not a claimant but which appears nevertheless to be getting ever more involved in the conduct of the dispute and in discussions about its final possible resolution
Approach for the implementation of regional cooperative activities in the South China Sea: An analysis, by Vu Hai Dang
This paper would like to invite the workshop to reflect on an approach for future initiatives in cooperative activities in the South China Sea region to avoid negative consequences and enhance their effectiveness. This approach is proposed based on the general knowledge relating to marine regional cooperation with consideration of the particularities of the South China Sea’s situation
All for one, one for all: promoting economic activities in the South China Sea, by Nazery Khalid
This paper argues in favour of promoting economic cooperation in South China Sea as a means to reduce the notably rising tension among nations staking territorial claims and protecting their interests in the sea. As the potential for conflict in the sea increases, arising from adversarial posturing and hardline positions taken by several nations with interest in the sea,there is an urgent need to cool off the ‘political temperature’ and rally the conflicting parties to work on a common cause
Implementing CBMS in the 2002 DOC: A roadmap to managing the South China Sea dispute, by Ian Storey
Tensions are rising in the South China Sea due a combination of factors including the failure of ASEAN and China to implement cooperative confidence building measures (CBMs) outlined in the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC). There is an urgent need for ASEAN and China to move forward with the concrete implementation of the DOC. This paper recommends how some of the CBMs identified in the DOC can be operationalized
The Impact of Artificial Islands on Territorial Disputes Over The Sparatly Islands, by Zou Keyuan
Abstract: The issue of artificial islands in the South China Sea has little been detailed discussed in the context of territorial and maritime disputes. Even in international law, the term “artificial islands” remains controversial and there is no universally accepted definition of it, though several provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea mention “artificial islands”.
Cooperation for regional security and development in the South china Sea, by Rodolfo C. Severino
Tensions, instability, volatility and the likelihood of conflict could be reduced if each claimant were to bring its position closer to compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and if all of them were to arrive at further agreement on each of the elements of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea that the foreign ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China’s special envoy issued in November 2002.
China-Vietnam fishery cooperation in the gulf of tonkin revisited, by Li Jianwei & Chen Pingping
Six years have passed since the the China-Vietnam Fishery Agreement came into effect. It is time to reflect on what has been happening in the fishing activities in the Gulf and how the fishing communities adjust to the new changes. This paper intends to examine the new mechanisms on fishery management in accordance with the related bilateral agreements as well as implementation practice bilaterally and within China
Join development of marine fisheries resources, by Wang Hanling
Joint development of marine resources in the disputed sea areas is a pragmatic and practical way to deal with deadlocks in negotiation over disputes of territory and maritime delimitation. This paper investigates joint development of marine fisheries resources based mainly on case study and discusses its implications for the South China Sea.
Cooperation in the South China Sea: Views on the Philippines – Vietnam cooperation on maritime and ocean concerns, by Henry S. Bensurto, Jr.
While the South China Sea, with all its complexities, is a potential conflict area, it may also be an area of cooperation with vast potential benefits to the different stakeholders. Certainly this is how the Philippines and Vietnam look at the South China Sea. Both countries have consciously taken the choice of turning this area from a conflict area to an area of cooperation. Over the years, both countries have embarked into ventures that have concretized this choice
Three dispute and three objectives: China and the South China Sea, by Peter Dutton
There are three severable categories of disputes, each with its own parties, rule sets, and politics. Unfortunately, the region’s states are currently pursuing win-lose solutions to these three disputes based on competing claims of exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction. A careful analysis of the nature of each dispute reveals opportunities for more productive pathways to dispute resolution based on a return to Asia’s history of win-win problem solving based on mutual interests.
The US-China Competition In The South China Sea: Strategic Implication For Regional Security by Fu-Kuo Liu
This paper attempts to review the reality on the ground after signing of the DOC and to examine the implications of current power politics between the US and China that has extended to the South China Sea.
Recent Developments in The South China Sea: Grounds For Cautions Optimism, By Carlyle A. Thayer
This paper provides a broad overview of four major topics: tensions in China-United States relations and their implications for Southeast Asia; multilateral efforts to address the South China Sea; China-Vietnam interaction in the South China Sea, and the status the Declaration on Conduct (DOC) of Parties in the South China Sea. The paper concludes on a note of cautious optimism that there is likely to be some progress in implementing confidence building measures in the South China Sea but that sovereignty claims will remain intractable.
Misperceptions, national interests, and law in the South China Sea, by Stein Tønnesson
This paper seeks to define and weigh the relative importance of the main national interests of the states involved, notably China. Then it argues that the most important long term national interests are best served by a policy that does not rely on the use of force, but on pushing for a resolution of the disputes based on international law
Recent Development In The South China Sea: From Declaration To Code Of Conduct, By Tran Truong Thuy
Rising Tensions In the South China Sea And Implication For Regional Security, By Leszek Buszynski
South China Sea Studies
Seventh International Workshop on SCS, November 2015
Fifth International Workshop, November 2013
Fourth International Workshop, November 2012
Third International Workshop, November 2011
Second International Workshop, November 2010
First International Workshop, November 2009
Second NationaI Conference, April 2011
Vietnamese Publications
Wikileaks about South China Sea
ABOUT SOUTH CHINA SEA
7th SOUTH CHINA SEA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
FOURTH INT'L WORKSHOP (HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2012)
THIRD INT'L WORKSHOP (HANOI, NOVEMBER 2011)
SECOND INT'L WORKSHOP (HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2010)
FIRST INT'L WORKSHOP (HANOI, NOVEMBER 2010)
VIETNAM MOFA SPOKESPERSON
NATIONAL BOUNDARIES
PROGRAM FOR EAST SEA (SOUTH CHINA SEA) STUDIES
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NICOLE FORTUIN
©2018 Nicole Fortuin
Nicole Fortuin is a professional Film, Stage and Voice Actor who has worked in an array of mediums including Feature films, Short films, Pantomime, Dramatic plays, Radio-drama, Commercials, Stunt-work and Print-modelling (both internationally and locally).
Fortuin graduated from the Settlers High School with a distinction in Drama, English and Visual Arts. She has also graduated with a BA in Theatre and Performance from the University of Cape Town.
Nicole’s first lead role and first job booked was as Maryke Van Niekerk (Lead) in the Afrikaans drama series Roer Jou Voete that aired on Sabc 3.
Fortuin is revered for the versatility of characters she has portrayed since she graduated, as well as the variety of mediums she has gained experience in. From vocal work in SAfm’s radio drama to playing Princess Aurora-Adora (Lead) in Janice Honeyman’s pantomime of Sleeping Beauty at the Joburg Theatre.
In 2016 Nicole landed a lead role in Warner Bro’s A Cinderella Story: If The Shoe Fits as Georgie (the fairy god-mother) alongside Sofia Carson and Jennifer Tilly (Disney Channel & MNet) and made an appearance on National Geographic’s Origins: Journey Of Mankind. Fortuin graced SA screens in various productions from 2016 to 2019 including Generations: The Legacy, Swartwater, Dwaalster, Die Spreeus, Onder Die Suiderkruis and Kyknet’s highly popular family- drama Alles Malan.
Nicole is passionate about any avenue of performance and entertainment and constantly dabbles in photography, film-making, writing, with long-term plans to direct theatre and film .
On stage in 2018 Fortuin starred as Carol in David Mamet’s critically acclaimed Oleanna at the Fugard Theatre. She also had a leading role in the international film Dead In The Water as Kat Vargas that aired globally on Syfy. Her most recent work is as Natalie Jonkers in Flatland that premiered internationally at the 69th Annual Berlinale Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival in 2019.
In 2020 audiences can look forward to seeing Nicole in a exciting comedic web-series, two new feature-films and one heart-wrenching South African series.
Nicole’s future is looking brighter than ever.
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Oregon Band of Brothers
Veteran Info
Claude Oliver Davis’ Story
I was born July 6, 1921 in Hepner, OR. At the age of 2, my family moved to Bend, OR where I will always call home.
The threat of war in the early forties made every young man fear entering the service. I did not desire the Navy so I hoped the Army would draft me. I got my notice and went to Portland for a physical. But I failed, so I came back to Bend to work and forget about the Army.
Dad and I got jobs hanging doors on Army barracks in Corvallis and when we were done there, they asked us to do the same at an Air base in Moses Lake, WA, so we moved the family in Dad’s 36 Plymouth pulling a trailer. About half way, both tires blew and we had to leave the trailer behind with all our belongs in it. After a week or so, we had raised enough money to back and retrieve it…fortunately, it was still there.
While in Washington, I got another notice. This time I was not so lucky and I became a member of the US Army. I found myself with a group of strangers, we looked strange and felt stranger. We were a sorry looking bunch but as luck would have it, I met some pretty good guys and I got to stay with them all the way through the war.
They shipped us to Fort Douglas in Utah and then down to Camp Hann in California near Riverside where we became a part of the Coast Artillery Antiaircraft, 119th Battalion. I was a part of Headquarters battery where I became the small arms repairman along with being battery Carpenter because of my skills there.
Basic training was a rough transition. I had never been raised up under such strict rules. Every part of your day was regimented. But I survived and soon found my new job along with small gun repair, driving the supply truck, I would have this job all the way through the war.
After some further training, we were given a 12 day furlough before shipping out. I decided to hitch a ride north back home to Bend. I got a ride with a plump old fellow in a Lincoln Continental. He drove up the old I-5 highway at speeds of up to 100 mph. I sure got home fast!
We embarked in New York in the fourth largest passenger ship in the world, the Mauritania, it held 16000 of us. I never knew water could be stacked up so high. We went up and down waves so big they could hide the whole ship. I had top hammock of four that would swing back and forth with the pitch of the ship. Eating was an adventure where we would hang on to a pipe with one hand and eat with the other. 50 gallon barrels were placed every few feet for the guys who got seasick and could not hold their food. Man, I was sure glad I didn’t get the Navy.
While in England preparing for the trip to France, we set about the task of waterproofing our trucks. That was sure a chore. While I was there I had a trailer fall on my hand breaking four fingers. There was no hospital around, so we just wrapped them up and kept going. When I finally got to a hospital, they had to re-break them and set them in place. I had to fight to get back to my outfit and headed to Normandy with a cast on my right hand.
We left England on four LST’s and landed on Utah beach 30 days after the initial invasion. We arrived at 6PM and waited in the dark there. I have never seen it so dark. We heard planes overhead and could hear gun fire in the distance. We disembarked and had to keep our lights off following the truck ahead. It seemed hours before we stopped for the night by a bridge we were to protect. The Germans bombed and strafed us all night. I tried to sleep to no avail. I spent most of my time trying to take off all of the waterproofing that I had installed.
The next morning, I saw my first dead German. He had been lying not 50 feet away. He wasn’t more than a kid……but then, I thought….so am I. As a scared young man, sleeping under the trucks and in dug fox holes, I found myself wondering why I was there. It didn’t really seem my fight and these guys looked the same as I. The war was a cruel confusing thing.
We rolled through France and found ourselves by a farm when the Germans found us. They strafed us and blew the tires on my trailer that had 500 lbs of TNT in it. The first time they came at us, I got as far as the ditch. The second wave hit the ditch and took out the man next to me, the bullets went right by my side. So, you can imagine that by the time they got back, I was across the farm and into the woods for better protection. It was there that the fun and excitement stopped and I realized it was kill or be killed. 4 to 6 inches and I would not be here today to tell this. After the strafing, I ended up dragging that trailer for some 35 miles before we stopped for the night.
I recall one move where we stopped after dark and we were told to park our trucks for the night. I found this lane with trees on both side that I felt was a better secure place and settled in under the truck. In the middle of the night, the Germans hit us with all they had. Their 88’s were clipping the tops of the trees that were not that tall. One shell whistled through the canvas back of my truck. It didn’t take me long to roll out from under that truck and run down the hill to better protection. We then got our chance to shoot back with our 90’s. We lobbed shells back and forth.
It was about that time that my hand began to itch and smell. I went to see the medics and the doc there got angry. The cast should have come off weeks before. The cast got cut off and I regained use of my hand and fingers but boy, were they stiff. It was months before I got full use of them.
We moved up the Moselle River in the direction of Belgium where we took part in the liberation of the town of Vendun where WW1 ended. The name of our outfit is on a monument there. It was here that we were given a 7 day leave. I went to Paris and into Southern France to an old castle called Mt St Michael.
We then began shuttling infantry to the front line and prisoners back into France. Most of the prisoners were just happy that they did not have to fight anymore. We did this under the cover of darkness watching the tail lights of the truck ahead. So, if they went into the ditch, so did you. One truck hit a landmine, killing some and injuring others. We loaded them into our trucks and kept going, leaving the dead behind to be picked up later. I broke down and when they fixed my truck, they kept my co-driver. I had to drive in the dark in unfamiliar territory by myself. It was scary but I made it.
We were then sent back up to the front during the Battle of the Bulge where the Germans made one last push back to Belgium. It was a hard and dirty fight with some Germans dressing like us and driving our rigs. It was hard to know who the enemy was.
On one trip, one of our planes was shot down and landed in a motor pool that I was close by. The plane carried two thousand pound bombs. The explosion blew a hole in the frozen ground 35 feet across and 15 feet deep. I dove under a trailer and things fell all around me. One of the planes motors dropped a few feet away from me. When I got my wits about me, I helped with the wounded. Eight ambulances took away the injured. It was sickening. When I got back to my truck, I found a bullet lodged in the padding of my drivers seat. I kept it all these years.
We crossed the Rhine on pontoon bridges that were just like big rubber rafts. They had metal rails laid out between them around 4 feet. These tracks were just wide enough for our tires and as we pulled out trucks with big guns across the half mile stretch, the trucks pushed down on the rafts so hard that they nearly went under. All this under enemy fire with shells coming down all around us. Somehow we all made it and were now in Germany. We crossed the Danube on Mayday of 1945 and moved into our last position. On May 9th, the firing stopped…the war had ended.
We were given leave and I chose to go to Austria and do some skiing and then down into Italy.
After the war, I didn’t have enough points to go home so I was sent to Metz, France to oversee a gas station there. Truck loads of dead people were shuttled through that station. I had a detail of German prisoners who were tasked with running water and garbage to and from the kitchen. On the prisoners did not want to be discharged as he said he had no home to go to.
Finally, it was my turn and I was sent home with four of my buddies. We loaded into a dutch ship and headed back to New York. 23 of us in a room 14 feet wide and 30 feet long. Four bunks high with two feet between. At sea, we hit a storm with 118 mph winds. We stayed in our bunks and rode it out. I knew for sure I was not Navy material as I was sick all the way home.
We were lined up to go on a plane but the line stopped some 35 ahead of me and I had to go by train. We later heard that the plane went down by Billings killing all aboard. On Dec 18, 1945, I was discharged and sent home arriving before Christmas.
It was a joyful Christmas being back with my family. After Christmas, I went to work for my dad in construction. After that, two of my brothers and I formed a company building barns. We also built three houses and a motel.
I was married in May of 1947. In 1950, work became scarce so Eva and I moved to Portland where I found work building homes. I stayed with that company for 14 years. One of the houses that I built won first place in Sunset Magazine. After a recession and some health issues, my wife and I formed C&E enterprises. We moved to Sisters where we built 47 homes in Black Butte Ranch. Health issues forced me to retire, turning over the business to my three sons.
I have enjoyed a good retirement of 35 years. In 2009, I lost my wife of 63 yrs. At the age of 94, I still struggle with my health along with my hearing and seeing. But, I still live by myself in Snowberry village with family and friends nearby
In those three years in Europe, I drove a truck more than 27000 miles through England, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and even Spain.
I had three stripes on my sleeve, one for each year, five battle stars for five major battles, several ribbons but the best being an honorable discharge.
I am Tech Corporal Claude Oliver Davis, a proud member of the Bend Band of Brothers.
No events in January 2020
Site by Bend Marketing Group 2014
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The Ponderosa Stomp: A treasure trove of sound, and stories: L.A. Times
by Ann Powers
“It’s a small town story, and probably a typical American story,” said Ian Dunlop, telling the writer Holly George-Warren how he came to play bass in the International Submarine Band with the late Gram Parsons in the mid-1960s. Dunlop was already taking liberties with his narrative: Cambridge, Mass., where he and Parsons met, is hardly a backwater, and Dunlop is English by birth. “Typical” wasn’t quite accurate, either; few knockabout rockers wind up running across genius, as Dunlop did when he met Parsons, whom many credit with inventing country rock.
By putting that axiomatic frame around his musical biography, Dunlop reminded the small crowd gathered in a back room at the historic Cabildo in New Orleans on Friday that everything we think of as classic or commonplace began as a series of specific experiences. Myths, rock and roll or otherwise, do not spring whole from some god’s forehead. They’re made over time from the dust piles of rumor and reminiscence that accrue around the cultural artifacts we love most.
One purpose of the Ponderosa Stomp, the Crescent City festival toasting “the unsung heroes of American Music,” is to give both the fans and the creators of American roots music a chance to run their fingers through that rubble and uncover its gems. This takes place at the concerts that define the Stomp, featuring dozens of artists such as Dunlop: one-hit wonders, crucial footnotes and regional superstars.
This weekend, enthusiasts gathered at the House of Blues in the French Quarter to revel in the presence of not-to-be-forgotten types such as the Bay Area’s 74-year-old red hot mama Sugar Pie DeSanto; the ax-wielding “King of Twang” Duane Eddy; the trumpet-blowing Dave Bartholomew; the barrel-voiced Cajun patriarch D.L. Menard; the suave Minneapolis surfers the Trashmen; and East L.A.’s own beloved party band Thee Midnighters. Fans howled when Roy Loney and Cyril Jordan of the Flamin’ Groovies briefly took the stage Saturday (they played a longer club set for stragglers Sunday night) and whipped out their phones to capture images of Crystals singer La La Brooks rocking her Afro while belting out “Da Doo Ron Ron.”
The shows were a blast — a chance for some artists long out of the spotlight to revel in adulation, and for subcultural music devotees to worship together. Yet this pop generalist was as intrigued by what happened during the day, when the Stomp’s official conference paired some of its notable participants with interviewers, to reflect upon colorful memories that were also often powerfully enlightening.
I was one of those interviewers, talking with Gloria Jones, known to Northern soul buffs as the originator of “Tainted Love,” the song that became a smash for synth-pop duo Soft Cell in the 1980s, and as the companion of glam-rock guru Marc Bolan, with whom she had a son. Jones, it turns out, had much more to discuss than her best-known hit and her time with Bolan, which ended tragically when he died in a car crash that also seriously injured her in 1977.
She was a songwriter and producer in the Motown stable, cowriting such hits as Gladys Knight and the Pips’ Grammy-nominated “If I Were Your Woman,” and spending time in the studio with everyone from Marvin Gaye to Michael Jackson. She starred in one of the first productions of “Hair” — as did Brooks, who shared memories of costars Diane Keaton and Keith Carradine during a panel discussion with the guitarist and singer Barbara Lynn. While at Motown, Jones made a great, eclectic album — “Share My Love” — that prefigured the genre-erasing music of Lauryn Hill and Janelle Monae. She presented herself as living proof that the categories we devise to contain music and social history are deeply inadequate: Artists break them down as a matter of course.
Not that the wall-scaling didn’t take effort. Texas wild man Roy Head was the only white singer on Peacock Records in the 1960s; speaking with journalist Andy Schwartz*, he recalled going onstage at the Apollo Theater in Harlem shortly after his single “Treat Her Right” had been released. “It was applause applause applause, and then Gasp!” he said. “I just jumped on the floor and acted like I was having an epileptic fit, they started the melody and it was fine after that.”
Throughout two days of sessions, the conference offered myriad examples of how music, and especially the pleasurable, strenuous work of creating it, pushed history forward. Tommy Brown, a grand old man of Southern R&B, recalled collaborating with Buddy Holly and the Crickets at the beginning of their career. “They didn’t know black people when they first came into the studio,” he said. “They were racist. But in two weeks, they got over it. They were wonderful people.”
These intimate discussions also allowed artists to demonstrate their innovations without the din of a bar crowd around them. Eddy brought his guitar and an amp and showed how he came up with his trademark twang, using the whammy bar. Girl group empress Ronnie Spector, who packed the room late one afternoon, recalled her kindred-soul friendship with Joey Ramone, and then sang a bit of his song “She Talks to Rainbows,” which she recorded in 1999. Jimi Espinoza of Thee Midnighters quoted mariachi songs to demonstrate how the Mexican style influenced his band’s Chicano sound.
I could go on — so many great tales, tall and short, were offered, along with seemingly infinite wisdom. The mentions of Sonny Bono alone could fill a book. (He was Phil Spector’s “footstool,” to quote Brooks, but he soon emerged triumphant with the producer’s regular backup singer Cher in tow.) The sessions were videotaped, and selections were streamed on the website of Stomp co-sponsor and conference host the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; they’re archived in the libraries of both the Rock Hall and the Stomp. The Rock Hall, in fact, will continue some of the conversations of last weekend when it honors Stomp regular Bartholomew along with his longtime partner Fats Domino in Cleveland in November, at its 15th annual American Masters fete.
It may seem awfully bookish to highlight discussion, instead of a music fest’s usual business of dancing and shouting and turning the volume up to 11. But especially now, when so many founders of American music are entering their golden-to-platinum years, it’s crucial to welcome their words as well as their music. The Stomp, alongside other institutions such as the Rock Hall, the Grammy Museum and the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, do more than simply entertain when they shed light on the memories of music elders. They serve the only form of authenticity that’s truly meaningful: what happened between real people as they created those songs, those stories, those dreams of sweet sound.
Source: Los Angeles Times – Sept. 27, 2010
The Ponderosa Stomp Foundation
Without the generosity of some amazing photographers, we would be unable to make our site come alive! As such, we want to thank Joseph A. Rosen, Neil Ladner, Edgar Mata, Aubrey Edwards, Paul Natkin, and Sydney Byrd for their time and ongoing support! Please click on any of their names to learn more about their unique work.
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©2020 Ponderosa Stomp Foundation - All Rights Reserved | PonderosStomp.com
All donations are tax deductible to the fullest extent allowed by law. The Ponderosa Stomp Foundation is a
501(c)(3) organization. Tax ID number 20-3846140. All musicians and press can contact us
to learn more about the Foundation and how to get involved.
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Reforming the Banks: The Opportunity of Brexit
Brexit offers an unexpected opportunity: to use the taxpayer’s stake in RBS to begin to transform our banking sector into a locally-based, locally-focused system that works for small and medium-sized businesses in the real economy.
The campaign for Britain to leave the European Union promised to let people ‘take back control’. Hardly anyone now disputes that the resonance of this sentiment was about much more than Brussels bureaucrats, or even – despite the terrifying lurch towards xenophobia we have witnessed since the referendum – immigration. In recent decades we have built an economy and a politics that has left large swathes of the country behind and millions of voters feeling powerless.
If we want to understand how this has happened and how we might begin to put it right, our banking system is not a bad place to start. After all, since the crisis of 2007-08, big banks have come to exemplify the feeling that our lives are controlled by an unaccountable elite, and that we are powerless to do much about it. But it goes deeper than that: the political decision to build an economy specialised in financial services has allowed the City of London to flourish at the direct expense of many of the communities that voted Leave.
Moreover, with the pound plummeting and signs pointing towards a ‘hard Brexit’, it looks increasingly likely that Brexiteers may have blown up the very economic model they claimed to be defending. Our economic settlement is in genuine flux – but what comes next could well be even worse. It is crucial that progressives seek to understand the political choices that lie ahead in the coming months and years, and begin to build the solutions, the alliances and the new economic consensus that could really give people control.
There can hardly be a better illustration of who’s really in control of our economy and our politics, and of how we’ve lost control, than the banking sector. The ‘Big Bang’ deregulation of the 1980s did not bring greater competition and dynamism, but the exact opposite: the UK’s local banks and building societies were almost all destroyed and swallowed up by conglomerates, until we were left with a top-heavy system dominated by four shareholder-owned banks so huge they could not be allowed to fail.
This matters because banks themselves control the lifeblood of our economy: the money supply. Banks don’t just take in customer deposits and lend them out, as is commonly assumed. Rather, when a bank makes a loan, it creates a corresponding new deposit – in other words, new money – out of thin air, simply by typing numbers into a computer system. This means that the shape of our banking system determines where money goes – and where it doesn’t.
Our banking system is now one of the most centralised and least diverse in the developed world. Shareholder-owned banks control nearly ninety per cent of the market, compared to less than half in Germany, France, and Spain. Less than five per cent of the market is controlled by regional and local banks, compared to around two-thirds in Germany, half in Spain and a third in the United States. This makes us extremely vulnerable to financial crises, since we are highly dependent on a small number of very big banks that all look and act in similar ways, and are therefore likely to experience problems at the same time.
And our system is not just a monoculture: it’s a monoculture of a peculiarly dangerous type. Over the last thirty years, the business models of large, global commercial banks have shifted radically, from mainly investing in the ‘real economy’ – for example through business lending – to mainly pumping up the price of assets in the ‘financial economy’ – for example through mortgage lending and lending to other banks and financial institutions. This process has been turbo-charged by securitisation: the practice of packaging loans up and selling them on, which proved so toxic during the financial crisis.
All this is no accident. The ‘Big Bang’ reflected a political choice to focus on the UK’s ‘comparative advantage’ in financial services – to nurture finance as the thing we sell to the rest of the world, as a sector in its own right creating jobs and profits, rather than as a means of channelling investment into productive activit- ies. In other words, finance was to become not the oil in the engine, but the petrol fuelling it.
But, as the Brexit vote has made painfully clear, this came at the expense of the system’s core function. Highly centralised City banks could make much easier profits trading on international markets and providing high-value investment banking services than by the slow, difficult business of building relationships with small businesses up and down the country. This is one of the reasons we are now the most regionally unequal country in Europe.
Only London and the Southeast have a higher income per head than the EU-15 average, with all other regions – representing seventy-three per cent of the population – less wealthy than the average. The gradual abandonment of communities and retreat from the high street is now accelerating again as online banking makes branch networks less profitable. More than 600 branches closed in 2015, with rural communities especially badly hit, and many left with no bank at all. Research by Move Your Money found a measurable decline in small business lending in affected communities. Small businesses also suffer indirectly when nearby branches close, as people are more likely to go elsewhere to shop and bank at the same time.
But the choice to specialise in financial services and rely on the City of London has not just neglected other regions and sectors – it has actively undermined them. London’s status as a global financial hub, and the tsunami of capital in-flows from abroad that goes with it, has kept the pound high, making our exports more expensive. This has accelerated deindustrialisation in former manufacturing areas and produced a yawning trade deficit.
Both directly and indirectly, then, our broken banking system is sapping control away from communities – particularly the former industrial areas, rural and coastal communities who voted Leave. The Brexit vote exposed these fault lines badly: as banks pump money into London housing and international markets, leaving the rest of the country behind, we’ve created an economy so skewed that it is reaching breaking point.
It should now be obvious that we can’t build an economy where everyone can prosper by relying solely on a small number of high value jobs in the City. Nor is it enough to simply outsource some of these jobs to cities like Manchester under the banner of the ‘Northern Powerhouse’. If we want an economy that gives people real control, our banking system itself needs to change.
What would it mean to really take control?
This does not just mean regulating our existing banks more heavily, or putting more pressure on consumers to switch in the hope of reviving competition (the approach recently taken by the Competition and Markets Authority). Instead, we need structural change to the banking landscape. We need to learn from other countries about the kind of banking ecosystem that can support communities and build a resilient economy. We need to create new kinds of bank that do their job of serving the rest of the economy, not just acting as a sector in their own right.
‘Stakeholder banks’: learning from overseas
We badly need to democratise our banking sector – with diverse forms of public, mutual and co-operative ownership which give more collective control to customers, frontline workers and local communities, and which are mandated to focus their lending on supporting these communities, not on unproductive speculation. Collectively, we call these solutions ‘stakeholder banks’: this includes public savings banks, building societies, co-operatives, credit unions and community development finance institutions (CDFIs).
The UK is highly unusual in having virtually none of these banks in the mix. International evidence shows that they lend more to the real economy, serve customers better, keep more branches open and create more jobs – as well as being safer, less volatile and less likely to fail. In Germany and Switzerland, local stakeholder banks kept the economy going through the recession after 2008, continuing to increase their lending while big banks were withdrawing it.
This may be because they are restricted to more socially useful retail activities, and cannot engage in the kinds of activity which now dominate our banks’ business models; because they are accountable to communities rather than simply to maxim- ising shareholder returns; or because they are locally-focussed, allowing them to build real relationships with borrowers that can survive an economic downturn. Most likely it is a combination of all three. Because they spread control more widely, they are also safer for the system as a whole – because risk is less concentrated in a small number of very large, very significant banks.
In order to better understand the contrast between our banking system and that of many other developed economies, it is worth looking at the German example in a little more detail. The German banking system is much more diverse and localised than ours, underpinned by an ecosystem of public banks at three levels:
The Sparkassen are a network of public savings banks, owned in trust for the public benefit, accountable to local communities and run with representation from local people, with a mandate to lend and provide banking services in their local areas.
The Landesbanken are regional banks which give the Sparkassen access to some investment and wholesale banking services. While the Sparkassen themselves proved very resilient during the financial crisis, the Landesbanken ran into problems, mainly as a result of coming under pressure to imitate commercial banks by investing in riskier assets.
The KfW is a national state investment bank which invests in strategically important sectors (like renewable energy) via the Sparkassen. In this way the German system combines state support with localised lending and decision-making embedded in communities.
The German system performs much better than the UK on a whole host of measures, including lending to the real economy, balance between different geographical areas, keeping branches open and creating local jobs, as well as resilience to crisis.
Of course, it is not without its problems, as the recent travails of Deutsche Bank illustrate. But the case of Deutsche Bank only makes the contrast between the UK and the German systems even starker. In the 1980s, it made a deliberate decision to become a global investment bank rather than serving the German domestic economy. But while Germany protected the status of its local public banks, the UK sabotaged our mutuals. This means that our economy depends on the likes of Barclays and RBS in a way that the German economy simply does not depend on Deutsche Bank.
Transforming the landscape: reforming RBS
Achieving this kind of transformation in our banking system is, of course, much easier said than done. Ultimately, it requires a fundamental break with the current regulatory approach, with much greater willingness both to challenge the business models of incumbent banks and to intervene to support new ones. This could involve breaking up big banks through real separation of retail and investment banking, or rewriting regulations (for instance, on how much capital banks have to hold) so that they support smaller stakeholder banks rather than being shaped around the interests of big international players.
To say the least, the chances of this happening currently seem slim. And rebuilding a strong stakeholder banking sector from the ground up would certainly take decades. But there is one policy that, if fought for successfully, could transform the landscape at a stroke.
We already own one of the UK’s biggest banks – RBS, which was bailed out to the tune of £45.5bn and is still seventy-three per cent owned by the taxpayer. We could use our stake in RBS as a golden opportunity to start taking control of our banks
– building a system that really puts people and communities in the driving seat.
So far, the government has refused to consider any options for RBS’s future other than handing control back to the financial markets. Indeed, the terms of the bail-out meant that we never really took control of RBS in the first place, with the govern- ment holding its shares through an arms-length body (UK Financial Investments) and no conditions being imposed in return for the state support that rescued the bank.
This means that, although RBS’s strategy has shifted significantly since the crisis, its incentives as a large shareholder-owned bank have stayed essentially the same – and it remains one of the worst offenders both in terms of its treatment of small businesses (particularly via the notorious Global Restructuring Group, which leaked documents now show deliberately stripped the assets of struggling businesses to bolster RBS’ own balance sheet), and in terms of its treatment of rural communities, where it is closing branches faster than any other bank.
But RBS now can’t be sold back to the private sector in the foreseeable future. In the wake of the Brexit vote, like many other banks, its share price crashed to the point where selling now would lose the taxpayer an eye-watering £30bn – nearly two- thirds of the amount we paid to bail it out in the first place.1 Prior to the 2015 election, George Osborne had publicly indicated that he wanted to see the taxpayer break even on the sale of RBS. Although this ambition seems to have been abandoned, a £30bn loss is clearly unacceptable, and creates a window of opportunity to insist that other options be put back on the table.
NEF has proposed turning RBS into a network of 130 local stakeholder banks, modelled on the German Sparkassen – run with representation from workers, customers and the local community, and with a mandate to serve their local area.13 The first step to do this would be for the government to buy up the remaining shares – at historically low prices – and shed the investment and private banking arms, using the bank’s high-street operations as the basis for the new network.
This model could turn RBS from the poster-child for everything that is wrong with our banks into a beacon of what could be possible. Instead of a bank that exploits small businesses, we could create a network of banks that is directly accountable to them, with a mandate to support them. Instead of a bank that is abandoning rural communities, we could create a network of banks rooted in those communities, investing in regions that have been left behind and helping them take control of their economic futures.
Where next? The banks after Brexit
In the wake of Brexit, we face a stark choice. Do we double down on our broken economic model, further cutting taxes and regulation for the City in an effort to maintain our status as a global financial centre? Or do we recognise that we can’t build our national prosperity on a few high-value jobs in the Square Mile, genuinely rebalance our economy and reshape our banking system?
At the moment, the outlook does not look promising. In the weeks immediately after Brexit, many politicians and commentators appeared preoccupied with persuading banks not to move their headquarters to Paris or Frankfurt. Banks themselves focussed on issues like ‘passporting’ into the single market and lobbied actively for a soft Brexit on favourable terms for the City. More recently, talk of a ‘hard Brexit’ has been interpreted in some quarters as a sign that the political winds are changing, and that control over immigration now trumps special treatment for banks.
But of course, ‘hard Brexit’ is equally far removed from the change in course we need. Rather than transforming our economic model, it risks putting it on steroids. It is already being hinted that to survive outside the single market, the UK will need to further cut tax and regulation in what is already among the most deregulated economies in the developed world – in other words, to turn ourselves into a tax haven. Indeed, escaping the ‘burden’ of EU laws and regulations and being free to negotiate new, more liberalised trade deals is one of the key attractions of ‘hard Brexit’ for many of its advocates.
Meanwhile, if UK banks do lose access to the single market, competition to attract their headquarters could trigger a new international ‘race to the bottom’ on tax and regulation. There are already some early signs of this, such as Germany reforming its labour laws to attract firms to Frankfurt.
Faced with a Hobson’s choice between defending a broken status quo and allowing the ‘tax haven Britain’ route to proceed unchallenged, how should progressives respond? For one thing, we urgently need fresh thinking about what a truly pro- gressive economic relationship with the rest of the world might look like – one more focussed on making the banks safe for our economy than on making the economy safe for our banks. New polling for NEF shows that seventy-seven per cent of Remain voters believe international co-operation is needed to tackle issues like tax avoidance and climate change. Financial stability needs to be added to that list – and we need to find ways to mobilise around the benefits of international law, rather than allowing the agenda to be set by those who consider it merely a burden.
But in the meantime, the groundwork for building a better banking system also has to start at home. It’s nearly ten years since the financial crisis, and little seems to have changed. The circumstances might seem bleaker than ever, but with so much uncertainty in our politics and our economic life, there has never been a more important time to begin laying the foundations for real change. Here are three suggestions for steps we can begin taking right now:
1. Advocate reform of RBS. As Theresa May’s government begins to adopt the rhetoric of economic transformation, bold proposals are needed to show what true transformation might look like. Turning RBS into a network of local banks, able to genuinely serve the left-behind communities that voted to Leave, could be such a proposal. If nothing else, it opens up a debate about the kind of banking system we really want. And with the bank unsellable for the foreseeable future, calls to re-examine other options – if made loudly enough – become harder to credibly resist.
2. Build new local and community banks. Evidence from abroad shows that co-operat- ing in networks is important to the success of local stakeholder banks. But, while that means systemic interventions are needed, it shouldn’t stop us from prototyp- ing new and better banking solutions at the local level. For example, the Community Savings Bank Association is working with local authorities and others in an attempt to rebuild a network of co-operative regional banks from the ground up. Working with Airdrie Savings Bank, it hopes to simplify the process of starting a new bank by taking care of many of the practical and regulatory hurdles that hold back new banks.
3. Organise small businesses and rural communities. There are plenty of potentially powerful groups that have reason to want to take control of our banking system
– from small businesses fighting for redress after being mis-sold products that bankrupted them, to rural communities losing the last bank in town. If we can find more effective ways to organise on the ground with these groups, and to support them in building their political power, perhaps we can build a movement ready to seize on the next window of opportunity – and genuinely transform our banking system.
Christine Berry is Principal Director, Policy & Government at the New Economics Foundation.
Feature • Vol 24 No 4 2016
Christine Berry is a freelance researcher and writer, and co-author, with Joe Guinan, of the forthcoming book People Get Ready (O/R Books, 2019). She is a commissioning editor for Renewal. This is an edited version of a talk given as part of a panel discussion at The World Transformed, ‘A Movement in Government’, in Liverpool in September 2018.
Banking, Brexit, capitalism, political economy
Financial reform: a Keynesian agenda
Duncan Weldon
German ordo-liberalism and the politics of vitality
Werner Bonefeld
Modern money and the escape from austerity
Joe Guinan
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Rise now and be a nation again? The politics of Englishness
Michael Kenny
Michael Kenny’s The Politics of English Nationhood (OUP, 2014) supplies the first comprehensive overview of the evidence, research and major arguments relating to the recent revival of English identity, exploring its varied, and often overlooked, political ramifications. It examines the difficulties which the major political parties have encountered in dealing with ‘the English question’ against the backdrop of the diminishing hold of established ideas of British government and national identity in the final years of the last century. And it explores a range of factors – including insecurities generated by economic change, euro-scepticism, and a growing sense of cultural anxiety – which have helped make the renewal of Englishness appealing and imperative. Renewal gathers here some reflections on the book from Michael Kenny and four commentators.
Taking Englishness seriously
Michael Kenny, Professor of Politics, Queen Mary, University of London
Both how the English feel about their national identity and the political implications of these sentiments have become much more widely and publicly debated issues than they were when I first began conducting research into them. The reasons for this are pretty apparent.
First, there’s been the rise to prominence of UKIP, a phenomenon which is overwhelmingly English in character and appears to have tapped into a rich vein of populist nationalism. Second, all the main parties are struggling to respond to heightened levels of euro-scepticism. This, of course, is more prevalent in England than elsewhere in the UK. Third, the imminent Scottish referendum has indirectly raised a question that’s been simmering on the back burner of British politics for some time: how does the largest nation within the UK, the English, who make up 87 per cent of its total population, now feel about the union?
This interest in Englishness in the political world is relatively new. Most of the time that I’ve been working on this, the subject has generally been viewed sceptically. ‘What does this have to do with politics?’ has been a fairly common response. This query reflects, I think, the enduring idea that Englishness is a cultural identity and ought to be kept separate from the loyalty the English people have shown, for the most part, to the British state.
Among progressives, this is translated into the familiar claim that the English never got around to crafting their own form of modern nationalism, and have been happy to remain the subjects of the antiquated British state. Those who did seek to politicise Englishness, it’s long been argued, have done so by offering an insular, regressive and nostalgic fantasy. Many on the left continue to see this form of nationhood as politically conservative at best and xenophobic at worst.
In the course of writing this book, I’ve become increasingly sceptical about these assumptions. They do little, I think, to help us understand the nature and implications of a gathering sense of English identity or the emergence of England, rather than Britain, as the imagined community with which people are increasingly disposed to identify. There has been a considerable, demonstrable growth in the number of people who identify as solely or primarily English and a fairly marked decline in those who see themselves as British rather than English. There’s lots of different polling but the most comprehensive poll of all is the census conducted a few years ago, which reported that, when people were forced to choose, 70 per cent of people in England regarded themselves as English, not British.
Recent polling also suggests that many of the English are increasingly disenchanted with the two unions to which England belongs: the EU and the UK. There has, in addition, been a proliferation of political ideas about, and claims upon, an English identity in the last twenty years. These are couched in a range of different ideological registers: populist and conservative, but also radical, liberal, and even occasionally socialist.
I argue, therefore, that we should consider these as competitive contributors to an emerging English imaginary, a rich and complex field of national meaning which endlessly harks back to long-standing myths, stories, and folkish ideas, as all nationalisms do, but which can also sustain a decidedly modern set of sensibilities and ideas among its subjects. There have always been different ways of expressing Englishness, and these reflect some of the geographically-rooted cultures and regional imbalances that have characterised this country.
A further defining feature of this form of national reimagining is the centrality within it of notions of place, locality, and landscape, the sense that the values and traditions associated with these are under threat, either from the globalised marketplace or from the large bureaucratic state. That sense of threat is a defining impulse within current forms of Englishness and is evoked in a very wide range of writings on the internet, in the media, and in a lot of cultural works. The iconic example of the latter is Jez Butterworth’s play Jerusalem.
The origins of this complex shift in consciousness, I argue, lie in the years before devolution. Its roots and underlying dynamics stem from a combination of the early wave of euro-scepticism, the early 1990s, the significant forms of dislocation associated with the rapid transition to a post-industrial economy, and a waning of confidence among the political and cultural elites in the economic and political prospects for the UK. These different factors interacted to render England a more organic and resonant identification, a trend that has developed for the most part under the radar of party politics. Taking the even longer view, it becomes clearer that this is a long-running process. The last twenty years look like the latest and most dramatic phase of a process that I would suggest began sixty or seventy years ago, as Britain waned, both as an imperial state and also as a viable state-nation.
In the decade that followed these trends in the 1990s, Labour’s championing of a liberal British nationhood may well have accentuated the appeal of forms of Englishness that expressed the sense of recoil against the political elite, increasingly perceived as metropolitan, out of touch, and condescending towards popular sensibilities. There are interesting and, as yet, unexplored parallels between the populist currents that broke into the political systems of numerous European countries in the last few years, and a shift towards a sense of ethnic majority nationalism among sections of the English public.
But there are differences too. While it remains true that most people from ethnic minority backgrounds are much more likely to identify as British than as English, there are intriguing signs that things may be changing in some of these communities too, though much more slowly and partially.
Various studies also suggest that white English people are far more likely to see their non-white neighbours as being co-nationals but are highly unlikely to think in this way of those from Muslim backgrounds. The increasing focus, which I chart in the book, upon the development of a multicultural sense of English nationhood, carries a particular significance if the challenge of forging a civic English nationhood is ultimately to be embraced.
In order to grasp the kinds of resentment, anxiety, and hope that have been expressed through reference to English identity, I cast my net widely in terms of evidence and data writing the book. Frankly, at times it felt too wide, as this is a topic on which there is a voluminous range of material. While I have charted the endless polling on these issues that’s taken place over the last two decades, I’ve also been drawn to make use of ethnographic and sociological studies and explored expressions of Englishness in many different parts of public culture. I’ve found that it has been in the worlds of cultural production, the arts, and popular culture that the quest for an English nationhood has been most powerfully expressed and negotiated.
There are clear signs of rising English grievance on such issues as the West Lothian question – the question of the anomalous position of Scottish MPs and their voting rights on English matters in the House of Commons – as well as the question of the distribution of public expenditure across the constituent territories of the UK. Yet it is tempting and I think misleading to overstate the populist cast of Englishness. For most people, being English and British remains an unexceptional fact, but the hyphen between these terms – Anglo-British is a clunky way of describing this form of identification – has come to acquire a much greater weight and significance as the English people are, contrary to expectations, starting to develop the kind of dual identification which has long been observed of, for instance, the Scots.
What then are the implications of these shifts for the political and policy communities that are primarily responsible for the governance of England? This, it seems to me, is an impossible question to answer with any degree of certainty at present. Some see the right answer as a separate parliament for the English; others favour some form of reform to the House of Commons – perhaps ‘English votes for English laws’. Others, again, recommend the radical devolution of power within England. You might even extend this into the debate about Europe, where clearly, for some people, the holding of a referendum is one way of registering and responding to the rise of English grievance. There are a growing number of definitive answers to the English question.
My own conclusion is less straightforward and perhaps less satisfying. Before we can identify the most likely or desirable answers to the English question, we need to understand the disparate and fragmented character of contemporary Englishness and consider the prospect for a medley of different kinds of reforms, be these constitutional, cultural, or democratic in kind.
There are, I would suggest, important connections between deepening disenchantment with politicians and the political system in this period, and the growing appeal of an English vernacular. It may well be that reconnecting people with politics may be one part of a larger, complicated, and probably quite messy answer, if there is such a thing, to this question. Above all, policy-makers need to consider whether making the English feel more engaged with the union and allowing them a greater sense of recognition for their own nationhood may actually be the surest way of preserving this entity over the longer term.
Englishness and the dilemmas of political leadership
Nick Pearce, Director of the Institute for Public Policy Research
Michael Kenny has written a very important book. It is clear that there has been a rise in English political identity and a politicisation of English identity in recent years. The work that my colleague Guy Lodge and others have done at IPPR in the Future of England survey shows that very clearly (Lodge et al., 2012).
It’s also important because for the first time, a political theorist has integrated perspectives from different disciplines – history, political theory, political science – and brought together reflections on culture and cultural change with an analysis of our political institutions and politics. That’s very important, because just examining the politics of Englishness, without recognising these deeper cultural currents, misses many dimensions of the question. Conversely, thinking about cultural identity and the expressive dimensions of political life, without bringing them back into an understanding of politics, leads towards a form of populism.
The first thing I want to draw attention to is the conclusion, where Kenny cites Orwell, and discusses the pessimistic sentiment that you often get in the debate about Englishness – that with the abandonment of empire the English should retreat from broader entanglements and avoid grandiose modern enterprises.
You may remember Enoch Powell famously argued, when his beloved India became independent, that ‘the Anglo-Saxon people’ had to retreat to England, to the homeland, and take up the baton of their sovereignty there. Orwell says, in The Road to Wigan Pier, that the retreat of imperial England – though he approved of it – would inevitably reduce England ‘to a cold and unimportant little island, where we shall all have to work very hard and live mainly on herrings and potatoes.’
The sense that the English can only be true to themselves and their culture by resisting the forces of, causes of, and entanglements with the wider world, as Kenny argues, remains a powerful cultural impulse. I think that at the heart of this is the sense of sovereignty which animates the English. It’s noticeable that in much of continental Europe in the post-war period, precisely to prevent a retreat to fascism and authoritarianism, the executive governments of the emergent post-war democracies were overlaid with checks and balances. That wasn’t the case here; we emerged from the war with a unified sense of popular sovereignty expressed in parliamentary sovereignty. We, and our political elites in particular, found it very hard to come to terms with the loss of that sovereignty. This, I think, explains a great deal about euro-scepticism: we can’t adjust ourselves to the notion of some sharing of our sovereignty with other European partners, or to the sense that we are not, as it were, kings in our own land. You see this sentiment a lot in conservative and populist discourse about Englishness. The response is not, of course, to argue that you should seek to restore a unified sovereignty, but to try to respond to the democratic deficit that it also expresses. The sense of democratic disempowerment of the English, I think, is an important and powerful one and needs to be addressed.
The second issue that’s very important in Kenny’s book is that he evokes a capacious Englishness for this imagined community. It is one with many different currents; he talks about ‘a prospective civic nationality among the English’ being ‘likely to emanate from conservative, as well as liberal, sources’ (Kenny, 2014, 241). That’s a crucial point; if you want to respond to this rise of cultural and political Englishness by recognising it has many different dimensions and seeking to take it in directions which are more open, and tolerant, and progressive, then understanding that many of its co-ordinates will be conservative, as well as liberal, is very important, particularly for people on the left. It implies that some of the hostility to and denigration of Little England has to be reassessed.
I think there are some big implications for the future in what Kenny argues, firstly for political leadership. Cultural politics and the expressive dimension of politics are very hard for political leaders and politicians to get their heads round. I’ve also enjoyed Jez Butterworth’s plays, Dr Dee at the English National Opera, the folk revival, PJ Harvey’s albums and so forth. These trends are very important, but they’re hard for politicians to respond to: what does it mean to be a political leader who can understand those cultural shifts and harness them?
Of course, populist politicians can claim an authenticity precisely by not being responsible politicians. They can say, ‘we are responsive, we claim to speak for the people’, but in so doing eschew the difficult business of responsible government. Politicians today are increasingly caught in this tension between wanting to be responsive to the populations that they seek to serve and at the same time fiscally responsible, responsible in how they govern, responsible to their partners, responsible to other multi-national agencies and alliances to which they belong. This tension between responsiveness and responsibility is a very difficult one for them to navigate and implies a very different kind of political leadership, one that is better able to work with civil society, is more open to other political traditions, is more aware of its limitations, and more aware of how it might share power with others.
Populists can ignore all that, precisely because they claim not to be responsible. For example, in the case of the Five Star Movement in Italy, standing on a manifesto and then refusing to serve in the government on the basis of that manifesto, offers the paradigmatic example of authenticity bought at a price of irresponsibility. The challenge for politicians today of being both responsive and responsible is a very important one.
Kenny examines the implications of Englishness for the state in great detail. I don’t share Tom Nairn’s and Perry Anderson’s dismissal of ‘Ukania’, the notion that the British state is irredeemably antiquated and has no future. The United Kingdom is very important, but the dynamics of reform are now unstoppable. The UK needs reshaping and that will have to take, in some part, federal dimensions, although that raises a very difficult set of questions. Certainly for the English, it must involve all Englishmen and women; we need, as they used to say at the beginning of the twentieth century, ‘home rule all round’. I don’t think that means an English parliament, because of the problematic nature of such a parliament co-existing with others in the union, but I do think it means more English devolution to our cities and counties. There needs to be a much firmer push towards responding to the rise in English sentiment by devolving more power.
Finally, for the left, I think Kenny very convincingly shows that the attempt to create a civic British identity, by my former boss at Number 10, Gordon Brown, and others, was a failure. It was too thin and didn’t attach itself to any real currents in society. We need to rethink these issues on the left, and responding to Englishness must be part of that. It is to the credit of the Blue Labour group in the Labour Party that they have tried to register these concerns, and to renew an attachment to English socialist and Labour traditions. My concern about how they do that is that they exclude many of the liberal and other parts of that tradition. I think in order fully to respond to Englishness, an appreciation of the interweaving of liberal and social democratic or Labour traditions is very important. That is something that has to be taken forward by the centre-left as a project. People like Jon Cruddas, John Denham and others who raise these concerns are onto something important.
The danger for the Labour Party if it remains the defender of a status quo settlement, whether it’s in Scotland, Wales, or in England, is that the bastions of that settlement will crumble, just as they did for the post-war Keynesian settlement in the 1980s. Unless they attach themselves to some rising forces in our society, including the rising sense of Englishness, they will, I’m afraid, be on the wrong side of history. It’s therefore a very important theme for people on the left to get right.
An opportunity for the left?
Matthew d’Ancona, columnist for the Evening Standard
It’s quite rare that you can say not only that you enjoyed a book but that it changed your thinking on a subject. The reason this book did that is that I have a reflex response to the concept or category of Englishness, which, if I‘m brutally honest, has a lot to do with my personal background as much as any rational thinking. I‘m Maltese by background; my father came here and settled. I think of myself as a Londoner and as a Briton. Growing up in South London, the English flag was very rarely seen, except, I remember, vividly brandished by the League of St George, a variant on the National Front and one of the many fascistic organisations that arose then.
I’d always thought that English was a much less attractive way of denoting the identity of the country I lived in than Britishness. Englishness was associated with, it seemed to me, an exclusive identity, and tended to be an angry reflex against change. It tended to have a smallness about it; it was pinched and quite Lenten, whereas Britishness I associated with porousness, with confidence, with pluralism, things that I liked about living here.
Also, whenever England was discussed, it was discussed in elegiac terms, whether it was the Sex Pistols singing, ‘there’s no future in England’s dreaming’, or a fewer decibels lower, Roger Scruton, whose book, which Michael Kenny references, suggests that England is fit only for elegiac treatment.
I think, therefore, that there was a strong cultural dimension to this. I’ve mentioned the Sex Pistols, but I think that The Smiths also contributed to the idea that England was not only miserable but dying, whereas Britain, co-terminously, seemed to be doing the opposite. Naturally, one wanted to be part of the bit that was growing, prosperous, and open-minded, which was Britain and Britishness.
Nick Pearce mentioned his former boss’s attempt to corral these ideas into some sort of format, and I have to put my cards on the table and say that I was part of that enterprise. Gordon Brown asked me to edit a book on Britishness, which I did. It certainly illustrated the problem that arose for all of those who were doing what I and many others were trying to do, which was to capture Britishness in a sense that didn’t just end up with a series of, frankly, meaningless bromides: being nice to people and believing in the NHS, which is admirable but doesn’t get you very far.
I’d reached, before reading Michael Kenny’s book, something of an impasse on this subject. So it’s a well-timed book, and a very distinguished contribution to a debate that’s been fermenting for some time. We needed a book like this, because in all sorts of ways and at all sorts of levels of intellectual and emotional engagement we are, I think, interrogating our identity on these islands.
There is, straightforwardly, the Scottish referendum; there may be an EU referendum; I tend to the view actually that that is more likely than not. My understanding of the Miliband pledge is that if you look at the legal niceties within it, it is probable that it will, at the very least, trigger judicial review and we might well end up with a referendum almost by accident. That is yet another aspect to all this, but more immediately we have had the unlikely scenario of Nick Clegg and Nigel Farage debating Europe, but of course debating really what we’re talking about on this roundtable as well. These are prisms through which we are looking at the same questions about who we are and what we are in different forms.
Nick Pearce raised the issue of identity politics and the importance of the left not being left behind. I think that’s true, in fact, across the spectrum. In the same way as in the late 1970s and early 1980s it was quite clear that there were a series of tectonic economic and geo-political issues that you either were aware of or you weren’t, I think that much the same is going on at the moment in terms of identity.
There are a number of reasons why this is so. One is that globalisation has lost its capacity to trigger deference. That’s not to say that it’s about to end, as some would wish, but the background noise of globalisation as a reliable source of democratisation and growing prosperity has gone because of the crash. We are increasingly unsure what to do with it or about it, and that in turn makes us wonder what role the nation state or unions of nation states have in contributing to our lives and shaping our daily existence.
At the same time, just as globalisation is – I’m not going to say, ‘in crisis’, because people always say everything is ‘in crisis’ – under scrutiny, we’re witnessing a radical localisation of daily life. By that, I’m not referring to town halls but to the way in which people exist, to widespread individualisation, and also to changes in the formation of communities, whether virtual or real, and the way that they take decisions. That ranges from Academies and Free Schools, to the way that people shop. These are extremely important changes in the way that we live and they affect not only consumer behaviour but behaviour full stop. If one is trying to assess what a country is now, and how it shapes its future, you have to take account of all these forces.
We live in a world of porous identities; the role of nationhood isn’t clear, but it’s obviously undergoing change. What was most uplifting about the book was the positive clarion call to reclaim Englishness. There’s been a bit of this in popular culture since Euro ’96: that, really, was the moment when the St George’s flag started to be decontaminated, to be hung in windows or in taxicabs. That may sound a cosmetic and trivial example, but I actually think quite the opposite; it’s very important.
This has led to the Blue Labour phenomenon – which Nick Pearce has already alluded to – an attempt on the left to get somewhere in the debate over what Englishness is. Jon Cruddas is an extremely important part of that. Ed Miliband made an attempt in a speech at the Royal Festival Hall a couple of years ago, which I think could fairly be described as ‘a work in progress’. It wasn’t clear to me that any of the values that he identified as ‘English’ could not also be described as ‘British’, but one has to give him credit for trying, because this is an issue that I think the Conservatives won’t go within a million miles of, for the simple reason that in their hearts they think of themselves as the English party but cannot possibly advertise the fact. There is, perhaps, an opportunity for the left to fill that vacuum.
I want to finish with, again, my personal response to the book; I think the reason I found it uplifting (not something you can honestly say often about a scholarly book), is that it made me think that perhaps I’d been looking at it the wrong way round: that the British identity of, as Michael Kenny puts it, ‘clubs, codes, and commerce’ has actually been underpinned all along by an English ideal of generosity, diversity and, as he put it, ‘Arcadianism’ that is rooted in place, but not in some Teutonic notion of Heimat or ethnicity, but something much more open.
That’s a tantalising way to approach Englishness. It is, by definition, a question rather than an answer, but that doesn’t mean it’s not worth asking; quite the opposite. Towards the end, Kenny says that ‘Englishness is open to political appropriation.’ That is a challenge and a warning. You only need to look at the flourishing of groups on the right to realise that it’s very important for the centre-right and the left to weigh into the debate on Englishness, because the worst possible thing to happen would be for the debate, which is undoubtedly going to continue, to happen by default. I am persuaded, then, that what used to be called ‘Little England’ could be big.
The British question
Andrew Gamble, Professor of Politics, Queen’s College, Cambridge
There’s a lot to say about this book; reclaiming Englishness is a very interesting project. I gather that when David Cameron rang Vladimir Putin to remonstrate about Crimea, all that Putin would talk about was Scotland!
I was pleased to see on the BBC website recently that a movement has been launched in Donetsk to return Donetsk to England, on the grounds apparently that it was founded by someone from Wales. We are confused, so it’s understandable that people in Donetsk might be confused as well. But there is a serious point here, that the problems of post-imperial unions do sometimes take much uglier forms than we’re seeing in Britain.
Michael Kenny’s insistence that the revival of Englishness is more than just a response to devolution is very important. As he emphasises, the response to the European Union has clearly been one of the main drivers of a new sense of Englishness: think of the famous Metric Martyrs, who said, ‘I am English; I am not European.’
Some of the most interesting material in the book relates to culture and the way that cultural shifts have occurred: flags, sport, and national myths. Kenny highlights the number of people who have said, ‘the English have no national myths’, when actually the problem is that the English are dripping with national myths! So the book, it seems to me, is a series of correctives to a whole lot of misconceptions about England and the English.
In theoretical terms, for me the central point is Kenny’s critique of Tom Nairn. It’s very important, because Nairn’s view did acquire an authority, particularly in academic treatments of Englishness and of the British state, and whilst I still feel it has many insights, there is also a very important critique to be made of it. Kenny makes that critique, drawing on his previous work on the first New Left; he uses E. P. Thompson very interestingly and also draws on Pocock’s critique of Nairn. This gives you a much more interesting view of that whole debate rather than just assuming that Nairn is the final word to say about England and Englishness.
A third point relates to the project of reclaiming Englishness and showing its diversity. The book is extraordinarily rich in that way, showing the conservative and progressive traditions of Englishness. Many different strands have gone into our understanding of what Englishness is, but many of them we are hardly aware of. That’s because, as Kenny says, too often our notions of Englishness have been refracted through things like the English Defence League. Englishness has often been pigeonholed in a particular way, which has blotted out its much richer heritage. I’m thoroughly persuaded by this argument about the flexibility of Englishness, about the experimental character of this identity, and about the potential for its development.
Finally, I want to raise a couple of questions. In the conclusion there’s a great quotation from John Fowles, who said ‘we have to be British and we want to be English’ (Kenny, 2014, 235). I thought that was a really interesting formulation, because you could also say, ‘the question for the Scots is: do they have to be British but want to be Scottish?’ That question goes to the heart of whether alongside reclaiming Englishness there is also still a space for Britain, even at this late stage of the referendum campaign with the polls tightening.
The problem is that so much of the discourse still treats England as the exceptional nation. So long as that is the case and so long as there is, particularly amongst the political elites across the political spectrum, an all-too-easy identification of England with Britain, it makes it very difficult to reinvent Britishness in a form which is likely to hold the United Kingdom together. In some ways the worst possible result in the referendum looks like the one we’re heading for – a narrow victory for either the ‘Yes’ campaign or for the ‘No’ campaign – which raises huge problems about the legitimacy of the result for the future.
The other point that comes out of the book, which I think is a huge problem for the future, is the way that the political elite – again, across the political spectrum – have lost a certain empathy with ordinary forms of Englishness and so liberal, cosmopolitan ideas and values tend to predominate. I think the wedge which has appeared between the elites and large numbers of ordinary voters is a worrying feature of our politics. It’s something which Nigel Farage is exploiting for all he can get, although of course he is partly, in a sense, of the liberal cosmopolitan elite – but that’s how populists always play it.
A lot of the problems, moving forward, come down to the size of England. This is such an unbalanced union that actually the move to devolution caused major problems. We can now see that both John Major and Tam Dalyell were right: if you begin tinkering with this very delicate system of governance, you unleash forces that are very difficult to control. The implications of giving devolution to parts of the United Kingdom and not to the whole, in particular not to England, has now come back to haunt us.
For me, the question of Englishness is also the question of Britain. Britain, for me, stands for broader engagement with the world. The two unions, within the United Kingdom and the union which we’re members of in Europe, are at its heart. We’re now facing potentially two referendums, and there’s a curious symmetry about them. In the Scottish referendum, the Scots are asking to leave the United Kingdom in order to be independent. The people backing a referendum on the European Union want the same thing: independence for the United Kingdom from the rest of Europe. The great difficulty is finding another language in which the different ideas of national identity of Englishness, Scottishness, and Welshness can also co-exist in larger co-operative entities. I think the world is the poorer if we can’t sustain unions, if we contract. Michael Kenny’s book is an absolutely essential read for everyone grappling with these issues.
Keeping pace with identity politics
Judith Bara, Senior Lecturer in Politics, Queen Mary, University of London
The main aims of Michael Kenny’s book are, first, to reveal the limited and/or partisan approach to Englishness that’s generally been taken in both academic and public discourse, and, second, to seek insights from other disciplines. He reaches, as he puts it, ‘beyond the specialist communities of scholarship’ (Kenny, 2014, 3). This is set around, in part, what Kenny dubs (following Anthony Barnett) ‘the strange half diffusion of Englishness with Britishness’ (Kenny, 2014, 11). It’s this incestuous relationship between the two concepts and between the two identities that the book is so successful in addressing.
Furthermore, the analysis shows the limitations of a number of stereotypical views that we find in public discourse: first, that Englishness is the prerogative of the right, which of course it isn’t; second, that it’s a focus for identity that’s meaningful only for white people – the empirical evidence here shows that it clearly isn’t that – and, third, that populist Anglo-nationalism is a uni-dimensional phenomenon, as exhibited by its followers in the likes of the EDL, English Democrats, BNP, etc.
In academic inquiry, nationalism is often seen as related to class, or ethnicity, or culture, rather than as the product of a rich mixture of factors that vary across space and time. Moreover, academics have often seen nationalism as falling mainly within the purview of political theorists. Where it is treated empirically, it’s often discussed in rather uni-dimensional terms relating to class, to ethnicity, or even geography. Kenny has been very successful in bringing these two traditions within political science together, as well as going beyond them.
Among the important theoretical discussions of national identity is Benedict Anderson’s seminal work on imagined communities (1983). In this regard, the imagined community of English nationalists has often been seen as perpetually regressing, based on skewed misperceptions of or a desire to re-establish a former glory, whether real or mythical. Going beyond political science, the work of the sociologist Robin Cohen is commended by Kenny for not adopting a narrow perspective on nationalism. Cohen’s work, which was published in 1994, includes several dimensions: class, territoriality, situation, and so on. He suggests very strongly that individual contexts provide a mix of factors and these lead individuals to their own particular interpretation of what it means to be British. Experience of relationships with other people is, thus, a crucial variable in our own consideration of how we see ourselves. Despite providing much-needed breadth to the discussion of what constitutes national identity in principle, Cohen’s contribution to this debate nevertheless retains a strong focus on ethnicity and he doesn’t stray much beyond talking about Britishness; he doesn’t address English national identity. I looked at his index, and the only reference to ‘English’ is actually to the company ‘English Electric’.
From an empirical perspective, many studies have concentrated not simply on discovering how people view themselves in terms of their national identity, but have tried to analyse this in terms of class and/or race and ethnicity. A very interesting subset of such empirical studies is the degree to which race and ethnicity interacts with national identity. For example, between 1997 and 2007, the British Social Attitudes Survey reported that the percentage of white people favouring the description of themselves as ‘English’ has risen from 35 per cent to 44 per cent, whereas the figure for black ethnic minorities was exactly the same in 1997 as it was in 2007, and that was 5 per cent.
The danger – and I speak as an empiricist here – of focusing too much on statistics lies in what this comparison doesn’t show, because if you look at moments in between 1997 and 2007, you find that in 1999 the proportion of black ethnic minorities describing themselves as ‘English’ rather than ‘British’ went up to 15 per cent, only to drop back again to 7 per cent in 2003. It doesn’t take much imagination to discover why this might have been the case. At least 50 per cent of black ethnic minority people favoured ‘British’ identity throughout the decade investigated, but both empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there has been a change of sorts here. When asked about attachment to England in the British Social Attitudes Survey, for example, in 2006 75 per cent of Black Caribbeans identified with or had an attachment to England and over 85 per cent of Asians did. Kenny cites the broadcaster George Alagiah giving voice to this sort of sentiment, when Alagiah stated that he and his family, ‘now called England home, because this is the place where we grew up and where we are most comfortable’ (Kenny, 2014, 104). That’s still some way from saying that they are English, or that England is the focus of their national identity.
Another observation to emerge from Kenny’s work is the absence of England from some of the key discussions of national identity within the UK which focus essentially on the nature of Britishness. We’ve already heard that it’s a feature which seems to have infected efforts by prominent politicians and governments over the years; in addition to Brown’s Britishness we had Blair’s Cool Britannia. That might not have been seen as quite such a failure, but it wasn’t a roaring success either.
Many years ago, I attended a seminar on the subject of national identity given by the former Plaid Cymru MP, now a member of the Welsh Assembly and the House of Lords, Dafydd Elis-Thomas. He argued that national identity was akin to an onion. An onion is composed of different layers, and he took out his passport to illustrate this. He said: ‘I have three national identities.’ There was no devolution at that time, but he was born in Wales, so that was his evidence for a Welsh identity. The fact that he was a citizen of the United Kingdom was attested by the fact that the United Kingdom authorities had issued the passport, and he was also a citizen of Europe, because this was one of the – at the time, fairly new – ‘European’ passports that we are all able now to enjoy.
In the light of the establishment of the devolved assemblies, a number of questions have emerged, although obviously Englishness, Britishness, and identity are not confined to the post-1990 or post-1999 period. The West Lothian question, or the English question, indeed, depending on how you look at it, has become much more pressing since the establishment of the devolved assemblies.
Personal identity politics, particularly in a post-materialist or post-modern culture, are seen increasingly as a basis for shaping views on a number of issues. These same views are also undoubtedly still shaped by factors such as class, race, or ethnicity, education, place of residence and so on. The field of play here increasingly encompasses culture in both its artistic and social anthropological senses. The exponential growth in the incursion of media, new and old, into people’s lives informs the shaping of their views on their national identity. Often politicians, as well as academic observers, have not kept up with the pace at which this change has impacted on people, nor, as has been already pointed out, the pace that it might impact on frontline politics. Mainstream parties have certainly appeared disinclined to get to grips with such changes, be they a function of devolution or shifts in terms of how people view politicians and gauge their own sense of political efficacy. One thing is certain: after the referendum on Scottish independence, the parties will have to take stock, as things will not return to the status quo ante, whatever the outcome.
Michael Kenny has done us an enormous service: he has provided a scholarly, reflective and readable discussion, which serves well as a basis for the development of new types of study, encompassing both theoretical and empirical approaches. Of course, many questions remain unanswered and we don’t necessarily have sufficient material available with which to answer them yet. Sometime in the future, when we do have that information, hopefully it will present him with an opportunity to look at this again.
First, I want to say how grateful I am to all four commentators, particularly for the range of issues that they have raised. I will pick up on one issue that arose in each of these four contributions.
Nick Pearce makes a really important point about political leadership. Thinking about these issues in relation to political leadership opens up a different, crucial set of questions. The so-called English question is not just about providing a new settlement at the level of constitutional policy. Whilst the general thrust of the argument in the book is to say, ‘there’s been too little engagement from Westminster parties on this issue’, I also think it needs to be said that it is incredibly difficult to do so because it’s very easy to be perceived as inauthentic. It’s so easy to get identity politics wrong. One of the real problems here is how to construct a politics that engages with Englishness that is not just about gestures, or things that feel showy or patronising. Nick Pearce’s question, about what kind of political leadership is appropriate here, seems to me very pertinent therefore.
My sense is that leadership on this is going to have to come from beyond Westminster. England still has an extremely rich and dense civil society. We have lots of public institutions that exist at a certain distance from government. There is also the question of the role of the media and of institutions like the BBC in shaping cultural policy. There are lots of different forms of leadership that might well be shown in this area.
Matthew d’Ancona offered a fascinating set of reflections and I empathise with the biographical points he made. I want to underline one thing he said: it’s very tempting to get lost in the exceptionalism in which Englishness is often shrouded – so perhaps we ought to be thinking about the degree to which Englishness is more typical than exceptional. The growth in English identity is, in fact, an instance of a wider trend towards people wanting to identify with communities of sentiment below the level of the state. They’re doing so in part because of the shift in attitudes to globalisation, and on account of growing insecurity and inequality, at the same time as political elites seem evermore tied to the projects of multi-national alliances, and to forms of co-operation which require actions that go beyond the nation-state. I’m just stating a problem here: this is a fantastically difficult trend at this juncture for policy-makers to deal with.
Andrew Gamble raises a question that I leave hanging in the book but which I’ve wondered about a lot since writing it: what does this mean for Britain? What kind of British identity reflects the development in policy terms of a more decentralised union? What sort of collective identity might bind us together in a remodelled UK? My own view is that emphasising Englishness in the way I have leads me to think that we need to consider these questions of Britishness too. There are very few people who actually want England and Englishness recognised in a way that splits us up from the union. That view may grow, but I would estimate that it’s only about 20 per cent of the English public who hold it now.
What this suggests is a double movement to address Englishness, but also to reform the union and to think about what it is that we have in common and how we capture that and express it in institutional terms, and in a sense of common purpose.
Finally, Judith Bara mentions ethnicity. She is quite right to pick out the problematic nature of polling in this area. I’m pretty convinced that the polling data is useful, but its uses are limited. That’s one of the reasons I tried to draw upon qualitative work, looking much more at the meanings of English nationhood for different groups of people. On ethnicity particularly, I think it is clearly true that the headline figure here is that there hasn’t been any major surge towards this form of identification. But there are all sorts of interesting signs that within particular communities, especially amongst younger generations of some ethnic communities, people are more likely to identify with England as a place to which they belong.
So I am grateful to all four commentators for these contributions. As they have well illustrated, there are some major questions that need to be asked about English identity – what it means for people, why it has become more salient in recent years and whether there has emerged a common understanding of Englishness – before we proceed towards potential answers to the English question. The more that I have myself studied this topic, the more I am convinced that our rather weak levels of understanding of it constitute one of the major obstacles to the development of the kind of flexible and imaginative responses that policy-makers and politicians will need when they come – as they inevitably will – to engage these issues.
Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities, London, Verso.
Cohen, R. (1994) Frontiers of Identity: the British and the Others, London, Longman.
Kenny, M. (2014) The Politics of English Nationhood, Oxford, OUP.
Lodge, G., Henderson, A., Wincott, D. and Wyn Jones, R. (2012) The Dog that Finally Barked: England as an Emerging Political Community, London, IPPR.
Roundtable • Vol 22 No 1/2 2014
Michael Kenny is Professor of Politics at Queen Mary, University of London.
The identity crisis of Jon Cruddas
The first New Left, Blue Labour and English modernity
Jonathan Rutherford
Faith, flag and the ‘first’ New Left: E. P. Thompson and the politics of ‘one nation’
Blue Labour, One Nation Labour, and the lessons of history
Jon Lawrence
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City of Lethbridge Mayoralty Candidates Debate
Critical Public Interest Issues in Alberta and Lethbridge
LETHBRIDGE PUBLIC FINANCES: A Culture of Accountability at City Hall
Election Forums
Lethbridge’s Strategic Plan: What are the Costs and Benefits of Growth?
October 2, 2014 :: Mayor Chris Spearman
Moderated by Dylan Purcell
The current Lethbridge City Council was elected to serve a four-year term in October 2013. Although much of the effort of City Council is focused on day-to-day, week-to-week governance matters, Council also recognizes that they are largely responsible for the direction of development in the community. With the future of Lethbridge citizens and businesses in mind, City Council has prepared a strategic plan.
City Council has utilized the framework of the City’s Integrated Community Sustainability Plan/Municipal Development Plan (ICSP/MDP) to establish strategic priorities for the next four years. These priorities will assist the community in realizing the hopes and ideas of Lethbridge residents that were captured in the comprehensive community consultation that drove the contents of the plan.
Although this strategic plan is for a four-year term, it is viewed as a living document that can incorporate emerging issues or initiatives. City Council is committed to review and update this plan appropriately. The speaker will elaborate on this and priorities of growth
Speaker: Mayor Chris Spearman
Along with 38 years of business experience, Chris Spearman has devoted 18 years (1992-2010) to serving on the Holy Spirit School Board including two terms as Board Chair. A vocal opponent of electrical deregulation in Alberta, Chris helped establish the Industrial Association of Southern Alberta in 1983 as a founding member. In 2008, Chris joined the Lethbridge Chamber of Commerce and has since served on several sub-committees.
In addition, Chris served five years on the University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management Advisory Committee and since 2010, he has served on the Board of the Aboriginal Housing Society. Chris also volunteered with several other community organizations including Economic Development Lethbridge (a founding member) and the Rehabilitation Society of Southwestern Alberta (now known as the Ability Resource Centre).
Moderator: Dylan Purcell
Date: Thursday, October 2, 2014
Cost: $11.00 (includes lunch)
Share URL: http://sacpa.ca/19T49
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Reparations For Slavery
Transnational Solidarity
Anti-State Violence
Resistance To White Supremacy
Reparations in Higher Education
The University as Neighbor
The University as Employer
The Global University
The University and Mass Incarceration
By ssjadmin
What is Racial Capitalism and Why Does it Matter?
Professor Robin D.G. Kelley discusses the concept of racial capitalism and its greater political implications. This talk was given on November 7, 2017 at Kane Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA and was sponsored by the UW Simpson Center for the Humanities.
Ask a Feminist: Cathy Cohen and Sarah Jackson
In this interview for Signs, Professor Cathy Cohen and Professor Sarah Jackson discuss the role of feminism in racial justice social movements. Sarah Jackson (SJ): I’d like to begin by asking what role you see feminism, and feminist scholarship in particular, playing in today’s racial justice movements, as well as what you think scholars can learn from […]
The Making of Brave
Dr. Beverly Guy-Sheftall speaks at Rutgers University in March 2009 about the new edition of her book “All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us are Brave: Black Women’s Studies.”
Jacobin: Making Freedom a Fact
In this article for Jacobin, David Stein, lecturer of African American Studies and History at UCLA asserts that class and economic struggles are, and have always been, central components of the black radical tradition. In this review of black radical and leftist politics, Stein points to the radical economic proposals of black freedom fighters throughout history. He […]
The Guardian: What will Happen When Harlem Becomes White?
Rose Hackman of The Guardian considers the implications of rapidly gentrifying Harlem. She speaks with Professor Davarian Baldwin who considers the question of who gets to claim Harlem’s history, and reminds us of the importance of remembering the full sociopolitical context of the Harlem renaissance. Hackman writes: Baldwin, who is, among other things, a scholar of the […]
Robin D. G. Kelley: Coates and West in Jackson
Professor Robin D.G. Kelly considers the substance within the spectacle of the West-Coates debate, reviewing Coates We Were Eight Years in Power and placing it in conversation with West’s “insistence on the transformative power of social movements. ” Kelly places Coates’ and Wests’ concepts in context in Jackson, Mississippi, which he claims is the “most radical city” […]
Welcome to the SSJ Blog!
Thank you for visiting our site. Please check here for timely political analysis and organization updates.
Marcia Chatelain: How Universities Embolden White Nationalists
In the wake of Charlottesville, Professor Marcia Chatelain considers the role of the university in protecting and enabling white nationalists and their ideas. For the most part, university officials have responded with statements declaring that hate has no place on campus or affirming free speech. But these carefully drafted responses rarely speak to the myriad […]
Marlon Bailey: Ending the Stigma on Queer Black People and AIDS
This article at The Link recounts a performance by Professor Marlon Bailey exploring the live of queer black men in the AIDS era. Bailey’s goal is to contextualize the men’s experiences with marginalization and stigmatization around gender, queer identities, and sex. “Throughout the narratives we see ways in which Black queer people suffer through intersectional forms of […]
New Logics of Popular Sovereignty & Subaltern Alternatives to Egypt’s “Thug State”
In this talk at SOAS, Professor Paul Amar considers alternative and counter claims to sovereignty in post-revolution Egypt, challenging typical modes of studying local movements and emphasizing the radical nature of local resistance and agency. Photo Credits: Flickr, Stefania Zamparelli
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Non-Professional Service Sector Workers
Workers in food service, maintenance, clerical and technical services are central to the university, but occupy lowest the rungs of the university, often paid a low hourly wage, or with salaries that top out below $50,000 in most cases. This inadequate pay is most felt during the summer breaks as many nonprofessional employees have to find another job in the summertime when campus operations are significantly scaled back. In recent years, outsourcing and subcontracting food services and maintenance have exacerbated these poor conditions. A 2014 study showed that the substantial reduction in wages caused by outsourcing and contracting exacerbates both the gender and race pay gaps. On the clerical and technical side, a model of “shared services” is used to cut costs by centralizing business and IT offices. This practice often results in layoffs of workers and more work for the same pay for those who are left to work in the shared services centers.
Hospital Workers
As on the academic side, labor in university-hospitals is hierarchically structured and locates women of color in marginalized positions where they do much of the daily care work. Among Registered Nurses, which tend to be the most professionalized care workers, are 91% women, 79% are white, 11% are black, 8% are Asian and 5% Latina. Their average pay is about $71,000/year. In contrast, among “nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides” are 54% white, 37% black, 13% Latina, 5% Asian, and 87% women. These positions tend to pay in the range of $10-12 an hour. The stratified nature of healthcare has proven a difficult place to organize workers and the absence of broad based union drives (as is the case on the academic side) tend to diminish the power of organized labor.
Student Workers
As college and university becomes increasingly unaffordable, work-study programs through which students meet their “student income contribution” are central to financing higher education. For universities, relying on student workers is often a source of casualized labor. For instance, students working in UCLA Dining Halls make $10.50 while the starting wage for full-time workers is $16.32. At wealthier schools with large endowments, student workers have argued that the student income contribution reproduces class inequalities among students as wealthier students do not have to work. In addition to work-study, student athletes also share the conditions of other campus workers. From the contracts they sign before attending the recruiting university to the 50-60 hours of training and game time a week and the profits their sportsmanship brings, there is little difference between college and professional athletes who are understood as workers and unionized in the NFL and NBA.
Academic Workers
Almost three quarters of the faculty are currently contingent workers with no access to tenure, a disproportionate number of whom are women and people of color. Women now constitute 51-61% of contingent faculty, a stark contrast to their continued underrepresentation among the ranks of tenured and tenure-track faculty. Underrepresented groups also continue to see increased representation in contingent academic jobs with the pay disparity to match. For instance, part-time black faculty earn significantly less than other racial and ethnic groups. The growing rates of contingent workers along with the central role graduate students play in the work of teaching demonstrates a move towards cheaper sources of instructional labor.
The Study of Africa and the African Diaspora
Given the connections between militarism and higher education discussed above, the “global turn” in universities and colleges has largely followed US strategic interests with universities prioritizing the Middle East and China in particular as sites for intellectual exchange and collaboration. In keeping with the marginalization of the African and African Diasporic world in the Americas in US foreign policy, these areas have seen comparatively little engagement from US universities. The global university thus remains only partially global and the consequences of this partiality can be seen in curriculum, faculty hires, and the distribution of resources.
The University and US Empire
There are over 150 military-educational institutions and according to the American Association of University Professors and hundreds of colleges and universities receive Pentagon funding for research, provide classes to military personnel, create special programs designed to lead to employment in defense industries and support military operations. In the context of limited funding resources, the Pentagon and Department of Defense have stepped up research support and their relationships to Universities now extend to the social sciences and humanities. For example, the Pentagon’s controversial “Human Terrain System” recruited anthropologist and Middle East experts to “decipher” Iraqi and Afghani society at the height of US’s wars in these countries. At times these relationship with the military-industrial complex are parasitic on universities’ rhetoric of diversity, equity, and inclusion. For example, a leaked memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Baruch College-CUNY and the Central Intelligence Agency reveals that the CIA has sought recruitment relationships with colleges and universities that have a diverse student body.
As the University physically expands across the world, the creation of new campuses and degree-granting programs has created opportunities for intellectual engagement and interaction, but has also raised a number of ethical questions. For instance, faculty and students criticized Yale’s creation of a liberal arts program in collaboration with National University of Singapore both because of concerns about freedom of speech at the campus and because the decision to create a campus, the costs involved, the nature of the partnership were not subject to faculty oversight, review and/or approval. More recently, an investigation into labor practices during the construction of NYU’s Abu Dhabi campus found that almost 10, 000 workers were not protected by the university’s labor guidelines that set standards for fair wages, hours and living conditions.
University Endowments
Since the calls for divestment from apartheid South Africa in the late 1970s and 1980s, student activists have highlighted the deep interconnections between university endowments and systems of injustice and exploitation at home and abroad. Most prominently, campaigns to divest from private prisons and fossil fuels demonstrate the ways that universities investments reproduce logics of inequality and help to bolster an unsustainable economy. These divestment campaigns often face an uphill battle as the structure of investments are often mediated through complex financial arrangements and lack transparency.
Race and Debt
Given the racialized disparities in inherited wealth, a history of discrimination by lending agencies and higher borrowing, the dependence on debt to finance higher education places distinctive burdens on students of color and particularly black students. According to Demos, “While less than two-thirds (63%) of white graduates from public schools borrow, four-in-five (81%) of Black graduates do so. Latinx graduates borrow at similar rates and slightly lower amounts than white students.” The same study finds that black and Latinx students are dropping out with debt at higher rates than white students. Moreover students of color are more likely to be delinquent on loan repayments. A study by the economists Marshall Steinbaum and Kavya Vaghul found that zip codes with a high concentration of black and Latinx residents had far higher delinquency rates.
While the expansion of universities is often presented a jobs-creation program, but often the opportunities afforded to residents are low wage jobs with few protections. Due to the monopoly on the surrounding labor market that universities often enjoy, they exploit the labor of neighboring residents, resist the demands of campus-based labor unions, and depress wages. For more information on the labor see the University as Employer section.
With increasing expansion, universities perpetuate and reinforce the criminalization of black and Latinx communities. Urban universities maintain large police and security forces and lobby for city police forces to increase their presence in surrounding neighborhoods. Communities of color near universities are thus subject to the overlapping jurisdictions of university and city police forces, which reinforces the over-policing and surveillance of communities of color. While claiming to be working in service of protecting university property and affiliates, police on campuses have also directed violence towards Black staff, faculty, and students, with little or no recourse for violating their rights.
Private, resource heavy universities engage in a form of hyper-gentrification by using local ordinances, capitalizing on their tax-exempt status, and benefitting from state and federal dollars as well as from private sector partnerships to reshape communities. Through these institutional and financial advantages, universities have widened their neighbor footprints by aggressively purchasing properties in predominantly poor and working class black neighborhoods. Moreover, universities fail to intervene when their students perpetuate housing inequality. In many of the neighborhoods adjacent to urban universities, and within the walls of the amenity-rich, planned apartment communities in smaller college towns, students can often afford to pay higher rents than locals. Landlords seeking to profit from the steady stream of student renters become motivated to push out locals, who increasingly will not be able to afford rising rents. Rarely do residents have the political or economic capital to confront and resist this type of gentrification, and universities have little incentive to stop it, particularly if the private rental market fulfills their student housing short falls.
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BEIJING — China on Wednesday accused the U.S. of having "weaponized" the issuance of visas following the reported inability of a top Chinese space program official to obtain permission to travel to a key conference in Washington.
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told reporters that the head of the Chinese delegation to the International Astronautical Congress wasn't able to obtain a visa following an Oct. 12 interview, making it difficult for Chinese representatives to attend important events at the meeting.
Reports said the vice chairman of the China National Space Administration, Wu Yanhua, had planned to attend the congress.
Hua said the U.S. has "weaponized" visa issuances and "repeatedly defied international responsibilities and obligations and impeded normal international exchanges and cooperation."
She said that "threatened and damaged the legitimate rights and interests of all parties in the international community.
The U.S. Embassy in Beijing said it couldn't discuss individual visa cases because of privacy issues.
Hua said that "for some time, the U.S. has frequently rejected and delayed visa applications, revoked long-term visas of Chinese applicants and investigated and harassed the Chinese scholars, students, businesspeople, and scientific and technical personnel."
China last year launched more missions to orbit than any other country, and is on track to do the same this year. Those missions include the first-ever soft-landing of a space craft on the far side of the moon.
However, close ties between the Chinese space program and the country's military have limited its participation in multinational efforts, including the International Space Station. China is instead building its own permanent station and has invited other countries to join in the effort.
The visa incident also comes amid a simmering trade war between China and the U.S. in which accusations that China steals or coerces foreign firms into handing over sensitive technology have played a major role.
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Category: Treatment For Herpes Simplex
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This argument was made most vigorously by the late Columbia University political scientist Kenneth Waltz in the book The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, which also contained a rebuttal by proliferation opponent and Stanford professor Scott Sagan. One of the most eloquent exponents of this view currently is Indiana University political scientist Sumit Ganguly, who made the case that proliferation produced peace in South Asia in his book Fearful Symmetry: India-Pakistan Crises in the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons, coauthored with University of Maryland - Baltimore County's Devin Hagerty. Dylan Matthews In your view, what has the effect of nuclear proliferation been in India and Pakistan, in terms of regional stability and war? Sumit Ganguly In South Asia it has, for all practical purposes, done away with the prospect of full scale war. Dylan Matthews Other experts have suggested that while regular war may have become less likely, irregular exchanges involving militias and other non-state actors have become more common, and crises between India and Pakistan occur with more regularity. Sumit Ganguly That is an argument that has been made quite forcefully by one of my coauthors and friends, Paul Kapur, who argues this has emboldened Pakistan particularly to use non state actors, recognizing that if India responds with conventional forces, they can always raise the prospect of nuclear war. I think, while that argument has a certain intuitive appeal, it is false, because Pakistan had long relied on non-state actors well before the advent of nuclearization.
His perspective, while intriguing and intuitively appealing, is actually quite flawed, because it overlooks the past history that had existed long before the advent of nuclearization. Dylan Matthews How seriously do you take the critique, often associated with Stanford's Scott Sagan, that breakdowns in the command and control system mean that deterrence works less well, since Pakistan and India don't behave like unitary actors and there's potential for the system to break down at some point in the bureaucracy? Sumit Ganguly I don't take that critique particularly seriously because that overlooks the fact that the Pakistani military views nuclear weapons as their crown jewels.
What I do find somewhat somewhat persuasive is the increasing tendency of the Pakistani military to devolve control of nuclear weapons to local commanders as they keep investing in tactical nuclear weapons. A sign in Eureka, North Carolina commemorating a 1961 nuclear weapons accident in nearby Goldsboro.
Dylan Matthews The US had a lot of near-misses where nuclear weapons came very, very close to accidentally detonating. Sumit Ganguly There's a danger is extrapolating from the American and Soviet experiences to South Asia.
In South Asia, where you have relatively small arsenals, eventually, if India and Pakistan could agree on some form of finite deterrence, then this kind of tight coupling that existed amongst the array of nuclear weapons the US and Soviet Union possessed and intensely focused on each other, that kind of situation is not likely to obtain.
The danger is that the Indians and Pakistanis will start emulating the Soviets and United States and build this panoply of nuclear weapons, and have an extensive command and control system where the likelihood of this kind of accidental launch becomes much greater.
But there are signs that both India and Pakistan are moving away from these fairly simple postures, which are not on hair-trigger alert. That's a markedly different situation, and unfortunately India is moving increasingly toward a triad, with nuclear-capable bombers, with ground-based missiles, and with a submarine fleet. This is a useful fiction that the Pakistani security establishment has sought to propagate, and the US has gone along with this fiction because we basically overlooked Pakistan's headlong, clandestine pursuit of nuclear weapons during the period we were involved in Afghanistan, because we needed them so badly during the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. We were complicit in many ways in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program because we chose not to crack down on their clandestine activities. Dylan Matthews The late political scientist Kenneth Waltz once argued very explicitly that it would be good for the world if Iran got nuclear weapons.
Sumit Ganguly I think the regimes are downright repugnant, particularly the one in North Korea.
Quite frankly, repugnant and repulsive and loathsome and squalid as the North Korean regime is, they have genuine enemies. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani, who has shown more willingness to compromise on nuclear weapons than his predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
Dylan Matthews It's not about the regime, it's about how heavily you weight the importance of preventing a war with another nuclear power. Dylan Matthews So is the Geneva round of negotiations to prevent Iran from weaponizing fruitless? Of course, it's not helped by periodic statements by people both with political authority in this country and also people in the think tank community who present these apocalyptic visions of a nuclear armed Iran, and cases for why we should go to war with Iran. Dylan Matthews US policymakers often make a point of leaving military action "on the table," suggesting that a strike would be, if not the best option, then at least preferable to Iran getting the bomb.
This is something that in American political discourse is difficult to say, as it suggests a lack of regard or sympathy for Israel, but the Iranians would think multiple times before contemplating an attack using nuclear weapons on Israel. It's a fairly squalid regime as authoritarian regimes go, their domestic arrangements are nothing I'd find exemplary, and our dependence on their oil have been significantly reduced by discoveries of shale and by fracking in the United States. Dylan Matthews One counterargument I could imagine is that Iran already, despite not having nuclear weapons, feels free to back Hezbollah and other anti-Israel groups. Sumit Ganguly That's the same argument made in the Pakistani case, but I doubt you could show empirically that Pakistan has become more aggressive in terms of its use of asymmetric warfare and irregular forces as a consequence of nuclearization.
At least 85% of the world population have serological evidence of having had a herpes simplex infection. Herpes simplex infections can be primary- the first infection in a previously seronegative patient – or recurrent.
Follows direct contact with an infected individual, either with active disease or shedding viral particles during a latent phase.
Trigger factors include minor trauma, febrile illnesses, ultraviolet light and possibly stress.
Complications include: Erythema multiforme (65% of attacks are triggered by a herpes simplex recurrence within the preceding two weeks), eczema herpeticum, persistent ulceration in the immunocompromised and keratoconjuctivitis. These are transmitted sexually, and begin to appear at puberty or are spread from a mother’s genital tract infection to a newborn child.
The median recurrence rate is about one attack every 3 months for HSV-2 infections (and far less often for genital HSV-1 infections).
Prevention is difficult because the virus is ubiquitous and spread by people with no obvious active infection. Those looking after patients with atopic eczema should stay away if they have cold sores because eczema herpeticum is so serious. Suppressive long-term antiviral therapy may be needed for particularly frequent or severe relapses.
The decision to use oral antiviral therapy for recurrent facial herpes simplex depends on the frequency and severity of relapses and the damage being done to the quality of life. Long-term suppressive therapy can be considered in genital herpes relapsing more than 5 times per year. Genital herpes is an extremely common sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). A person infected with genital herpes can transmit the virus when there are no signs present.
Before an infected person suffers an outbreak of herpes, they may experience prodrome (warning signs). Although there is no cure for genital herpes, you can reduce the spread of this virus with anti-viral therapy. Anyone infected with the herpes simplex virus will carry it in their body during their entire life. Please note: We understand that outbreaks are a very sensitive subject and we will protect your privacy.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is one of the two types of herpes simplex viruses; it may also be called HSV-1.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is usually transmitted through touching the oral secretions on the skin. Although mouth sores are very common in children, it can affect adults as well in any time of the year. Pain on the affected site and in the case of oral sores, there is pain around the mouth and on the lips even before the first sore appears. Sores appear almost after you feel pain on your lips and on the surrounding areas of the mouth. There is an undeniable feeling of weakness and restlessness as you worry about your illness. Herpes simplex virus type 1 is diagnosed by careful assessment of the signs of symptoms presented by the patient. Antiviral medications like acyclovir and valacyclovir are the most commonly prescribed medications to treat the symptoms of herpes.
Symptoms like fever and pain may be controlled by taking pain relief medications and by practicing home treatment measures like using cold compresses and tepid sponge baths. Bed rest and temporary cessation of work or school is recommended for people who are infected with HSV-1, this will help the body recover faster and to allow the immune system to fight the virus as well. The best way to prevent the spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 is to practice cleanliness and personal hygiene.
If you don’t have any rash, but have a sharp pain in your eye, massive headache, shaking or fitting and or a strange overpowering smell that only you can smell, get to a doctor and ask about viral encephalitus linked to herpes simplex virus. So I was told by a doctor that it was herpes but it appeared on my cheek for the first time.
I left a detailed comment of my experience (over 30 years) with HSV-1 which apparently did not survive the Comment Police because it offers a remedy not in harmony with the article. Carmex lip balm soothes the pain (naturally), prevents the spread on the affected person, hastens healing, and in my lengthy experience is an unsurpassed way to control the affliction. The moderator that denied my comment should be removed… And I will tell you this, I will not waste my time adding informed comments in the future as a result, nor will I ever participate in medical followups of any kind going forward.
Your comment was nor deleted or declined, the comment queue has simply not been moderated in a while. I have just been examined by a doctor because I had a sore in my genital area with the same symptoms that this article presented.
Though more common near the lips, grouped blisters (vesicles) can occur anywhere in herpes infections.
The first eruption of skin or mouth sores with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is called primary herpes.
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Herpes simplex infection of the mouth and face, known as orofacial herpes simplex, herpes labialis, cold sores, or fever blisters, is a common, recurrent skin condition associated with infection by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV infections occur in people of all races, of all ages, and of both sexes.Increasing age is associated with increased likelihood of infection.
The most common locations for HSV-1 infections include: Lips Mouth (including gums, tongue, roof of mouth, and inside the cheeks) Nose Chin Cheeks Shortly after exposure to the virus, a newly infected person may develop fluid-filled blisters, occurring singly or in a cluster of several blisters. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may help reduce fever, muscle aches, and pain caused by cold sores. Martin, MD, MPH, ABIM Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Nukes are hugely destructive weapons, proliferation is thought to increase the odds they'll be used, and it's worth working very hard to prevent them from spreading. Yes, proliferation optimists contend, nuclear weapons are horrible devices which can cause unimaginable amounts of human suffering. Toward the end of his life, Waltz even argued that it would be good for the world if Iran acquired a nuclear weapon.
Ganguly and I spoke Wednesday about the effect of nuclear weapons in South Asia and about how harmful he thought the spread of the bomb to Iran would really be.
While the Chinese might probe along the border, or try to test Indian resolve around the border, the likelihood of that escalating into major conflict is practically nonexistent. This is a strategy that a weak state has used to compensate for its lack of conventional capabilities.
Nuclearization may have emboldened Pakistan further, but it did not lead to the initiation of the strategy.
They consider these to be weapons of last resort, and jealously guard not only their own prerogatives but control over their nuclear weapons.
That I find to be a much more dangerous posture, and those tactical nuclear weapons I'm afraid, in the event of a crisis, could be used by local commanders, especially if the authority to use those weapons is devolved to local commanders.
Setting aside the question of if deterrence works, does that make you less supportive of proliferation? If you were to have finite capabilities, primarily for the purpose of deterrence, one really wouldn't have to worry too much.
So actually I'm arguing against myself, given some of the trends that are emerging in the region.
Does it matter if Pakistan and India maintain rough parity in the size of their nuclear arsenals?
If you have just a finite deterrent which is primarily designed for second strike capabilities, like a small number of nuclear weapons secure in submarines, that's a very different scenario than one where you have highly vulnerable bombers on air fields, where you have fixed ICBMs in fixed silos. The one I'm most sympathetic towards is the submarine fleet, and quite frankly that's the weakest leg at the moment. The fact that a key part of Pakistan's nuclear program distributed nuclear information to a number of unsavory regimes seems concerning, no? This is a useful myth that Pakistan has managed to propagate, and Pakistani apologists like Feroz Khan.
We have not sought a full accounting of the Pakistani regime and government's involvement in clandestine nuclear proliferation, not just in acquisition of capabilities, but their involvement in Libya, in Iran, in North Korea, and elsewhere. One is hard pressed to come up with a regime more repugnant than the one currently in North Korea. Even if we could accomplish the technical goal of disarming Iran, the political and diplomatic consequences of an attack would make Iraq look like a cakewalk.
Does that make sense, or is a world where Iran has the bomb, and the balance between them and the Gulf states and Israel is disrupted, preferable to one in which we've attacked them? Not only would they incur the wrath of the Israelis and the United States, but it would turn much of the world against it. This is not a popular view, nor are my views on proliferation, but quite frankly, I couldn't care less what happens to the Saudis. I, for one, have difficulty wrapping my head around why we need to coddle this completely squalid regime.
If there were nuclear parity between Iran and Israel, one would imagine they'd feel more at liberty to support those kinds of groups. I would argue instead that it had much more to do with Pakistan's sponsorship of these groups during the Afghan war.
I would suggest that for Iran, much of this stems from the revolutionary era, during Ayatollah Khomeini's time, when they decided to export revolution. By age 30, 50% of adults of high economic status in the US are seropositive to HSV-1, in contrast to 80% of those of lower status. The introduction of aciclovir (DNA polymeras inhibitor) was a milestone although it does not eradicate the virus. When one partner has a cold sore, they are usually a carrier of type 1 herpes simplex virus and can easily spread the virus to another by performing oral sex on them. A great number of individuals lead very normal lives without suffering any serious issues from genital herpes.
The genital herpes virus will not live on any surface that is dead such as door knobs and sinks. During this time, the person may experience certain sensations such as pain, itching or tingling. Individuals should have only one sexual partner and should choose a partner that has not been infected with herpes. Most pregnant women with the virus receive anti-viral medications and undergo a cesarean delivery.
Treatment will reduce the length of the outbreak as well as the frequency of these outbreaks. This virus is more common than its counterpart and is the culprit for oral sores or cold sores. Direct contact to an infected person through kissing or sharing personal items like eating utensils and handkerchiefs are the most common ways to spread HSV-1.
Primary infection or stage 1 is when the virus enters the body through small breaks in the skin or mucous membrane.
During the incubation period which is the time between the person is exposed to the virus to the time the first symptom appear, there is little to no sign that you have been infected. There is intense pain and itching which could affect eating, talking, speaking and drinking. This is extremely painful which may also be accompanied by high fever, sore throat, colds and cough.
Seeing your face with oral sores is also very depressing which can also lead to stress and possibly poor compliance to important preventive measures to reduce spread of the virus. A doctor or dermatologist will also make careful analysis of the appearance of your blisters and rashes to be able to accurately gauge the best treatment available for your condition. Mild symptoms are self-limiting but severe symptoms are usually treated with antiviral medications.
He will make a careful assessment of your condition and will conduct tests to determine if you are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral medications act by interrupting the replication of viral DNA which interferes with the reproduction of new viruses. Itching of the blisters and sores may be relieved by applying cold compress or ice on the site. Eating well and taking more fluids than usual is advised; taking more water and fluids will reduce fever and will help prevent dehydration which is also possible side effects of taking antiviral medications. Be friends and speak and talk about your immune system and if he or she wants you then they will protect themselves .
I was diagnosed with herpes simplex 2 at 17 and with stupidly giving oral and kissing and such have contracted simplex 1. This may be more severe than the more commonly recognized than secondary, or recurrent, herpes infections, which are also called cold sores or fever blisters.Either herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can cause infection.
Most people never even know they have been infected, as their immune system suppresses symptoms. Most commonly, primary herpes is seen in children with painful blisters and erosions of the gums and the skin around or lining the mouth. Orofacial HSV usually appears as small blisters or sores around the mouth, nose, genitals, and buttocks, though infections can develop almost anywhere on the skin. Up to 80% of Americans are infected with HSV-1 by the time they are 30 years old.Only 20% of people who are infected with HSV actually develop visible blisters or sores. These blisters may be yellow to gray and are fragile, so that many people never notice blisters but instead see tiny open sores (ulcers). Seek medical advice as soon as possible, especially if you are at risk for more serious complications. On occasion, however, a swab from the infected skin may be sent to the laboratory for viral culture, which takes a few days to grow. HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes, but it can also cause oral herpes. This is why the US government is currently expending so much energy to prevent Iran from acquiring weapons, and why we nearly attacked North Korea in 1994 to prevent them from getting the bomb (which they would eventually acquire a decade or so later).
The risks are so great as a consequence of the nuclearization of the subcontinent that neither side can seriously contemplate starting a war. So I would say that while nuclear weapons are hideous and horrific weapons of mass destruction, they also produce a certain salutary effect.
This is a strategy that goes back to the very creation of the Pakistan in 1947, and relied upon in 1965 and again in the 1971 war.
That does worry me, I'm afraid, and that could undermine my more optimistic view of the presence of nuclear weapons in South Asia. For example, the United States' North American Air Defense system had an extensive array of complicated radars which were tied into the nuclear weapons infrastructure, and consequently a single alert could set off a whole chain of events. He was placed under house arrest and then basically given a slap on the wrist and little else. Is it overall good when awful regimes like the ones in power in Iran and North Korea get nuclear weapons, because it reduces the odds of war with other nuclear powers? I think Iran is much more a status quo state today, despite its ties to Hezbollah, than the kind of revolutionary state it was under Khomeini. They are closely related but differ in their epidemiology, although both are spread by close personal contact. Regular use of condoms helps prevent genital herpes and a high protection factor sunscreen helps to prevent recurrent facial lesions.
When a person has oral-genital contact with someone who is infected with HSV-1, genital infection is very likely.
If a person or their partner has genital herpes, latex condoms should be used, and oral sex should never be performed.
These individuals should educate themselves about all aspects of the herpes simplex virus. That is, we do not indicate that this remedy is for herpes on the label, ensuring your privacy. Herpes simplex virus type 1 may also cause genital herpes but most cases of genital herpes are caused by HSV-2. Some however feel weak, uneasy and feverish which lasts from 2 to 12 days averaging 4 days.
Sores may appear on the lips, skin around the mouth, the gums, inside the cheeks, the tongue, throat and even along the roof of the mouth. As these blisters dry out and begin to heal, they may look like small shallow ulcerated skin with a red base. There is a noticeable greyish coat on the tonsils which are very common in teens and young adults.
These will reduce the symptoms like pain, itching and possibly promote better healing of blisters or sores.
Putting some diluted neem oil eating raw garlic and just have him or her do their holistic research. I have experienced one large blister on my lip which left a small scar but have had outbreaks on my chin.
There may also be fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, irritability, and a poor appetite. Furthermore, these cold sores may periodically come back in the same sites.Infections with HSV are very contagious and are spread by direct contact with the skin lesions. That means that approximately 80% of people with HSV infections have not been diagnosed and are unaware of their condition.
Blood tests may also be performed.Untreated HSV infections will go away on their own, but medications can reduce the symptoms and shorten the duration of outbreaks. Trends in HSV Types and Genital HerpesGenital herpes can be caused by either HSV-2 or HSV-1.
In the absence of nuclear weapons, it's easy to imagine the US and Soviet Union going to war in the 1950s or 60s. For a contrary view, see this interview with journalist Eric Schlosser on the risk of nuclear weapons accidents. Furthermore, how do you explain the flight of a C-30 leaving Islamabad, flying to Pyongyang , and coming back with components of ballistic missiles, without the Pakistani military knowing it? These are the very people who got us into the imbroglio in Iraq, and they are the ones now suggesting we create more enemies than the ones we presently have. They are the ones who have supported various forms of Wahhabi Islam, they are the ones who have created all manner of political problems for us in the Middle East, and I frankly fail to understand why we remain beholden to them. Oral Herpes is usually associated with fever blisters and other types of mouth infections.
Latency period or stage 2 is after the virus wreaks havoc it searches for a nerve where it can hold on to and reproduce. There may be more procedures to diagnose HSV -1 infection like staining tests and antigen and antibody studies.
Your doctor will gauge if you need to use antiviral medications since most HSV-1 infections may just self-limit or go away without any treatment at all. Antiviral medications are prescription medications and there are several medications that may interfere with their therapeutic use. Since the first time I’ve had this I get it every year at the most two time in the winter. I used to get alot of cold sores when I was little but im in my twenties now and im about to get married. Not much in years but have recently met someone who has just contracted simplex 1 and am doing some research on the difference between the two so I can better inform him. I am so upset because I have only one partner that I have been intimate with for ten years.
If HSV was introduced on other body sites, there will be painful blisters and sores in that location (finger, face, genitals) with swelling and similar systemic symptoms. There are 2 types of HSV: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We came up with this elaborate fiction, and we lied to the world, at least the Bush administration did, and came up with all manner of cockamamie reasons to justify the invasion. We don't know the configuration thereof because of the secrecy that surrounds it, but the notion that Israel would feel any more threatened is wrong. Genital herpes does not adversely affect an infected persona€™s immune system and usually does not predispose them to other infections. Practicing a healthy life style that includes safe sex practices allows individuals to function normally. You must notify your doctor if you have other medical illness as well as taking medications for these and if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Build up your resistance to infection by eating healthy, taking vitamin supplements and making smart lifestyle choices. I carry acyclovir with me all the time but it doesn’t stop an outbreak, maybe it just addresses the severity of it. I’m just curious to know if it is possible to have type 1 hsv and get sores in the genital area rather than the oral area?
Both conditions are highly contagious and are spread by direct contact with the lesions of another infected individual such as a playmate, parent, or caretaker.
HSV-1 infections usually occur around the mouth, lips, nose, or face, while HSV-2 infections usually involve the genitals or buttocks.
In recent years, HSV-1 has become a significant cause in developed countries, including the United States.
Pakistan has done untold damage to attempts at nonproliferation and the spreading of nuclear weapons to unsavory actors. You could justify the invasion on other grounds, but certainly not on the basis of Iraq's possession of nuclear weapons. The virus becomes inactive but becomes reactivated when the body becomes compensated or the immune system is weakened. The triggers are definitely stress, lack of sleep and the increased intake of poor food choices and sugar (which I tend to hit at times of tiredness). You have to pay to actually “date” but can blog for free with any questions and there are a lot of people on there that know their stuff and are more than willing to help!
Similarly, while India and Pakistan used to fight brutal wars with some regularity, the pace and scale of conflicts declined significantly after Pakistan acquired nuclear weapons, giving itself a deterrent against already-nuclearized India. We were certainly not averse to the Saudis supporting all manner of Mujahedin in Afghanistan. This one is very painful it makes the whole right side of my face hurt and its hard to sleep with. My current outbreak is the worst it has been which are three patches about three centimetres in diameter over my eyebrows and another patch on my forehead. Because it so contagious, HSV causes a primary infection in most people who are exposed to the virus. In severe cases of HSV infection, cold sores may involve the entire lining of the mouth and both lips. The notion that Iran alone is involved in the support of irregular forces flies in the face of reality. When a person is stressed, fatigued, have hormonal imbalances and has other medical conditions, the HSV-1 may recur.
I dispence with make-up at this time and opt for no ointment, moisturiser or anything as these tend to spread the outbreak. However, only about 20% of people who are infected with HSV actually develop visible blisters or sores. These severe infections may be accompanied by fever, sore throat, foul breath, and difficulty eating.Repeat (recurrent) HSV infections are often milder than the primary infection, though they look alike. The risk of infection is highest during outbreak periods when there are visible sores and lesions. Besides there is no hiding it and I am at the age where I can explain it to those who ask or those I know and care about.
However, some people never develop the symptoms of a primary HSV infection and may mistake a recurrent infection for a primary infection. OTHERWISE, BEGIN SCROLLING DOWN FOR A TREASURE-TROVE OF RARE AND BEAUTIFUL PHOTOS OF OLD JAPAN. Keep in mind that these people that you kiss will probably get the virus but never exhibit any symptoms.
To me it’s a reminder to look after myself and realise that despite the fact I am rarely ill, my body is telling me to sleep, eat well, exersise and stop working so hard. Nevertheless, the virus remains in the body, hibernating in nerve cells.Certain triggers can cause the hibernating (latent) virus to wake up, become active, and travel back to the skin. SymptomsWhen genital herpes symptoms do appear, they are usually worse during the first outbreak than during recurring attacks.
I hope this is of help and would welcome some feedback as I have never encountered anyone who gets this on other parts of their face or to the same degree. These recurrent HSV infections may develop frequently (every few weeks), or they may never develop. Recurrent infections tend to be milder than primary infections and generally occur in the same location as the primary infection.Most people get cold sores as children, through contact with a friend or family member who is already infected with HSV. ENAMI WEARING SAMURAI ARMOR, TAKING A REST BETWEEN POSES IN HIS YOKOHAMA STUDIO, CA.1898-1900. It can be spread (transmitted) by kissing, sharing eating utensils or drinking vessels, or by using the same towel. Herpes, Pregnancy, and Newborn InfantsHerpes can pose serious risks for a pregnant woman and her baby.
The risk is greatest for mothers with a first-time infection, because the virus can be transmitted to the infant during childbirth.
ENAMI, OTHER WELL-KNOWN JAPANESE PHOTOGRAPHERS WHO OPERATED DURING THE MEIJI-ERA (1868-1912) ARE MENTIONED THROUGHOUT THE COMMENTS.I HOPE YOU FIND THE STORY AND DATA BOTH INTERESTING AND HELPFUL. Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend using specific diagnostic tests for women in labor to determine the risk of transmission.
FOR THOSE WHO ARE HERE PRIMARILY TO LOOK AT THE IMAGES, I HOPE THAT YOU EXPERIENCE SOME ENJOYMENT IN GAZING AT A FEW OF ENAMI'S"LOST PICTURES" OF OLD JAPAN. Babies born to mothers infected with genital herpes are often treated with the antiviral drug acyclovir, which can help suppress the virus. THOSE THAT LIVE FOR DISCOVERING NEW DATA AND CONNECTING THE DOTS WILL NO DOUBT FIND SOME EYE-OPENING REVELATIONS HERE.A OF COURSE, WE ALL LOVE KIMBEI KUSAKABE AND THE REST OF THOSE ILLUSTRIOUS JAPANESE PIONEERS OF PHOTOGRAPHY WHO GOT THEIR START LONG BEFORE ENAMI OPENED HIS OWN MEIJI-ERA STUDIO. THEIR BEST WORK IS ENOUGH TO TAKE YOUR BREATH AWAY.HOWEVER, ENAMI ALSO HAD HIS FANS AND FRIENDS, BOTH AS A PERSON AND AS A PHOTOGRAPHER.
AS YOU SCROLL DOWN THESE PAGES, FOR A FEW MOMENTS YOU MAY STEP INTO ENAMI'S SHOES, AND TAKE A PEAK THROUGH HIS LENS.A LIKE SO MANY OTHERS --- SOME NOW FAMOUS, BUT MOST BEING FORGOTTEN --- ENAMI DEDICATED HIS LIFE TO CAPTURING, AS BOTH ART AND DOCUMENT,A WORLD THAT WAS QUICKLY VANISHING BEFORE HIS EYES.
Herpes viruses include human herpes virus 8 (the cause of Kaposi sarcoma) and varicella-zoster virus (also known as herpes zoster, the virus responsible for shingles and chickenpox). AS THIS SITE IS A PERSONAL HOMAGE TO ENAMI, YOU WILL FIND SOME AMATEUR ELEMENTS, AND THE OCCASIONAL PITFALL.
AT ALL TIMES, PLEASE "EAT THE MEAT, AND SPIT OUT THE BONES" WHILE DIGGING FOR VISUAL TREASURE.DISCOVERING THE OCCASIONAL GEM OF A PICTURE, OR ODD BIT OF INFORMATION, WILL HOPEFULLY MAKE THE SCROLLING WELL WORTH IT.
The word "herpes" comes from the Greek word "herpein," meaning "to creep." This refers to the unique characteristic pattern of all herpes viruses to creep along local nerve pathways to the nerve clusters at the end, where they remain in an inactive (dormant) state for variable periods of time.
The usual cause of oral herpes (herpes labialis), which are commonly called cold sores or fever blisters. HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). Until recently, the general rule was to assume that HSV-1 caused oral herpes and HSV-2 caused genital herpes. It is now clear, however, that either type of herpes virus can be found in the genital or oral areas (or other sites). In fact, HSV-1 is now responsible for more than half of all new cases of genital herpes in developed countries. The Disease ProcessHerpes is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact. To infect people, the herpes simplex viruses (both HSV-1 and HSV-2) must get into the body through tiny injuries in the skin or through a mucous membrane, such as inside the mouth or on the genital or anal areas.
The risk for infection is highest with direct contact of blisters or sores during an outbreak.
But the infection can also develop from contact with an infected partner who does not have visible sores or other symptoms. Once the virus has contact with the mucous membranes or skin wounds, it enters the nuclei of skin tissue cells and begins to replicate. The virus is then transported from the nerve endings of the skin to clusters of nerve cells (ganglia) where it remains inactive (latent) for some period of time. The general wording seen above was fairly common to all photographic self-promotion during the Meiji-era, and actually contains less specifics than some of his studio ads which he placed in various guide books of the time. However, at some point, the virus wakes up and travels along nerve pathways to the surface the skin where it begins to multiply again. During this time, the virus can infect other people if it is passed along in body fluids or secretions. OGAWA, who was actually a year younger than Enami, was still his "elder" in terms of experience. Viral shedding may be accompanied by noticeable symptoms (outbreak) but it can also occur without causing symptoms (asymptomatic shedding). In either case, a person is infectious during periods of viral shedding. Symptoms may appear as multiple small red bumps or patches that develop blisters. Certain triggers can wake up the virus from its dormant state and cause it to become active again.
In general, recurrent episodes of herpes cause less severe symptoms than the primary outbreak. It was photographed by Enami's friendly competitor and neighbor Kozaburo Tamamura, whose studio was located at No.2 Benten Street. HSV-1 is the most prevalent form of herpes simplex virus, and infection is most likely to occur during preschool years. It would be built in 1894 just down the street on the right hand side, and appear in endless views and postcards as the most recognizable landmark of Benten Street.
Other images of Enami's studio -- both interior and exterior views -- are shown farther down on this page.A While offering many of the same services and productions as his contemporaries, he also engaged in other activities that made him unique. Further, while no photographer did "everything", Enami worked and published in more processes and formats than any other Japanese photographer of his time.
In addition, because HSV-1 can be passed in saliva, people should also avoid sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils. Transmission of Genital Herpes Genital herpes is transmitted through sexual activity. A He was one of only a few photographers born during Japan's old Edo-Bakumatsu period, who went on to photograph right through to the Showa period of Emperor Hirohito.Enami was also one of the few to experience, and then successfully outgrow his roots as a traditional maker of the classic, large-format "Yokohama Shashin" albums.
People can get HSV-2 through genital contact or HSV-1 through mouth-to-genital contact with an infected partner.
While successfully embracing the smaller stereoview and lantern slide formats, he added to that a portfolio of Taisho-era "street photography" that maintained his own unique and artistic content.
People with active symptoms of genital herpes are at very high risk for transmitting the infection.
Unfortunately, most cases of genital herpes infections occur when the virus is shedding but producing no symptoms.
Most people either have no symptoms or do not recognize them when they appear. In the past, genital herpes was mostly caused by HSV-2, but HSV-1 genital infection is increasing.
There is also evidence that children today are less likely to get cold sores and become exposed to HSV-1 during childhood. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 6 Americans ages 14 to 49 years have genital herpes.
While HSV-2 remains the main cause of genital herpes, HSV-1 has significantly increased as a cause, most likely because of oral-genital sex. African-American women are at particularly high risk. People with compromised immune systems, such as those who have HIV, are at very high risk for genital herpes.
Enami and Kimbei Kusakabe are now the only two Japanese photographers known to have a surviving list of their commercial 2-D images. Drugs that suppress the immune system, and organ transplantation, can also weaken the immune system and increase the risk for contracting genital herpes. It is almost impossible to defend against the transmission of oral herpes, because it can be transmitted by very casual contact, including kissing. While Enami's 2-D portfolio contained a sprinkling of older, public domain images, his 3-D images and slides made from them were wholly his own.A THE 3-D CATALOG "S 26. Still, you can help reduce the risk of transmitting oral herpes by not sharing objects that touch the mouth, such as eating and drinking utensils, toothbrushes, and towels. Girls Looking at Pictures" A Maiko and two Geisha Looking at Stereoviews in Enami's Yokohama Studio.
One of over 1000 cataloged 3-D images of old Japan.A THE "CATALOG OF COLORED LANTERN SLIDES AND STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS"A Not surprisingly, Enami matched his older Catalog of Meiji-era Prints with a separately published catalog of his classic STEREOVIEWS. It is best to refrain from any type of sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) during periods of active outbreak. However, herpes can also be transmitted when symptoms are not present (asymptomatic shedding). In the case of the 3-D Catalog, the lantern-slides were all made directly from one half of the stereoview negatives. The Cover and two sample pages of the Stereoview Catalog are shown just below in the Enami Activity List numbers (6) and (9). Although condoms may not provide 100% protection, they are proven to significantly reduce the risk of sexual disease transmission, including herpes. Natural condoms made from animal skin do NOT protect against HSV infection because herpes viruses can pass through them. Use a water-based lubricant.
Lubricants can help prevent friction during sex, which can irritate the skin and increase the risk for outbreaks. Only water-based lubricants (K-Y Jelly, Astroglide, AquaLube, and glycerin) should be used. However, it is best not to use condoms pre-lubricated with spermicides. Do not use spermicides for protection against herpes. Nonoxynol-9 can cause irritation around the genital areas, which makes it easier for herpes and other STDs to be transmitted. Use a dental dam or condom for oral sex. If you have any symptoms of oral herpes, it is best not to perform oral sex on a partner until any visible sores or blisters have healed. Limit the number of sexual partners. The more sexual partners you have, the greater your chances of becoming infected or infecting others. It is very unlikely to transmit or contract genital herpes from a toilet seat or bath towel. Studies suggest that male circumcision may help reduce the risk of HSV-2, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV infections. ENAMI'S ACTIVITIES and CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD OF JAPANESE PHOTOGRAPHYA A For the moment, based on a wide range of primary sources, it is now clear that T. However, herpes can cause significant and widespread complications in people who don't have a fully functioning immune system. The CDC recommends that all people diagnosed with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) get tested for HIV. Most people with HIV are co-infected with HSV-2 and are particularly vulnerable to its complications. HSV-2 infection increases HIV levels in the genital tract, which makes it easier for the HIV virus to be spread to sexual partners. Herpes and PregnancyPregnant women who have genital herpes due to either HSV-2 or HSV-1 have an increased risk for miscarriage, premature labor, inhibited fetal growth, or transmission of the herpes infection to the infant in the uterus or at the time of delivery.
Herpes in newborn babies (herpes neonatalis) can be a very serious condition. Fortunately, neonatal herpes is rare. Although about 25 to 30% of pregnant women have genital herpes, less than 0.1% of babies are born with neonatal herpes. The baby is at greatest risk during a vaginal delivery, especially if the mother has an asymptomatic infection that was first introduced late in the pregnancy.
The risk for transmission also increases if infants with infected mothers are born prematurely, there is invasive monitoring, or instruments are used during vaginal delivery. Transmission can occur if the amniotic membrane of an infected woman ruptures prematurely, or as the infant passes through an infected birth canal. This risk is increased if the woman is having or has recently had an active herpes outbreak in the genital area. Very rarely, the virus is transmitted across the placenta, a form of the infection known as congenital herpes. Also rarely, newborns may contract herpes during the first weeks of life from being kissed by someone with a herpes cold sore. Infants may get congenital herpes from a mother with an active herpes infection at the time of birth. Aggressive treatment with antiviral medication is required. Most infected pregnant women do not have a history of symptoms, so herpes infection is often not suspected or detected at the time of delivery. Fortunately, if a woman does have genital lesions, rapid diagnostic blood tests can quickly determine her chances of transmitting the virus to her baby during delivery. Some women with new or recurrent herpes may also be prescribed antiviral medication during pregnancy.
A woman with herpes can usually safely breastfeed her baby, as long as she does not have a lesion on her breast or nipple. Neonatal herpes can spread to the brain and central nervous system, causing encephalitis and meningitis.
Herpes can also spread to internal organs, such as the liver and lungs. Infants infected with herpes are treated with acyclovir, an antiviral drug. They usually receive several weeks of intravenous acyclovir treatment, often followed by several months of oral acyclovir. It is important to treat babies quickly, before the infection spreads to the brain and other organs. Fortunately, rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with acyclovir have significantly improved survival rates and reduced complication rates. Nearly all who recover have some impairment, ranging from very mild neurological changes to paralysis. Like encephalitis, meningitis symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Fortunately, herpes meningitis usually resolves after about a week without complications, although symptoms can recur. Herpes Eye ComplicationsOcular herpes is a recurrent infection that affects the eyes.
Ocular herpes is usually a simple infection that clears up in a few days, but in its more serious forms, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness.
It only affects the upper layer (epithelium) of the cornea and heals with scarring. Stromal Keratitis.
Iridocyclitis is another serious complication of ocular herpes, in which the iris and the area around it become inflamed.
Herpes Skin ComplicationsEczema Herpeticum A rare form of herpes infection called eczema herpeticum, also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption, can affect people with skin disorders and those with a weakened immune system. Untreated, this condition can be extremely serious and possibly fatal. Gingivostomatiti Oral herpes can cause multiple painful ulcers on the gums and mucus membranes of the mouth, a condition called gingivostomatitis. Children with gingivostomatitis commonly develop herpetic whitlow (herpes of the fingers). Herpetic Whitlow A herpetic whitlow is an infection of the herpes virus involving the finger, often around the fingernail. In children, this is often caused by thumb sucking or finger sucking while they have a cold sore. It can also occur in adult health care workers, such as dentists, because of increased exposure to the herpes virus.
The use of latex or polyurethane gloves prevents herpes whitlow in health care workers. SymptomsHerpes symptoms vary depending on whether the outbreak is initial or recurrent. The primary outbreak is usually worse than recurrent outbreaks, with more severe and prolonged symptoms.
In fact, studies indicate that 10 to 25% of people infected with HSV-2 are unaware that they have genital herpes.
The first signs are a tingling sensation in the affected areas (genitalia, buttocks, and thighs) and groups of small red bumps that develop into blisters. The sores may sometimes itch, but itching decreases as they heal. About 40% of men and 70% of women develop other symptoms during initial outbreaks of genital herpes, such as flu-like discomfort, headache, muscle aches, and fever.
Some women may have difficulty urinating and may, occasionally, require a urinary catheter. Women may also experience vaginal discharge. Recurrent Genital Herpes Outbreak In general, recurrences are much milder than the initial outbreak. The virus sheds for a much shorter period of time (about 3 days) compared to an initial outbreak of 3 weeks.
Women may have only minor itching, and the symptoms may be even milder in men. On average, people have about four recurrences during the first year, although this varies widely. There are some differences in frequency of recurrence depending on whether HSV-2 or HSV-1 caused genital herpes.
HSV-2 genital infection is more likely to cause recurrences than HSV-1. Symptoms of Oral HerpesOral herpes (herpes labialis) is most often caused by HSV-1, but it can also be caused by HSV-2. It usually affects the lips and, in some primary attacks, the mucus membranes in the mouth.
A herpes infection may occur on the cheeks or in the nose, but facial herpes is very uncommon. Primary Oral Herpes Infection If the primary (initial) oral infection causes symptoms, they can be very painful, particularly in children.
The sores last 10 to 14 days and can be very uncomfortable. Blisters that may be preceded or accompanied by sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and painful swallowing. Recurrent Oral Herpes Infection A recurrent oral herpes infection is much milder than the primary outbreak.
It usually manifests as a single sore, commonly called a cold sore or fever blister (because it may arise during a bout of cold or flu). The sore usually shows up on the outer edge of the lips and rarely affects the gums or throat. Recurrences of genital herpes are more likely with HSV-2 infection than with HSV-1 infection. The outbreak of infection is often preceded by a prodrome, an early group of symptoms that may include itchy skin, pain, or an abnormal tingling sensation at the site of infection.
Recurrent outbreaks feature most of the same symptoms at the same sites as the primary attack, but they tend to be milder and briefer. Occasionally, the symptoms may not resemble those of the primary episode, but appear as fissures and scrapes in the skin or as general inflammation around the affected area.
They include sunlight, wind, fever, physical injury, surgery, menstruation, suppression of the immune system, and emotional stress.
Oral herpes can be triggered within about 3 days of intense dental work, particularly root canal or tooth extraction. Timing of Recurrences Recurrent outbreaks may occur at intervals of days, weeks, or years. For most people, outbreaks recur with more frequency during the first year after an initial attack.
The good news is that in most healthy people, recurring infections tend to become progressively less frequent, and less severe, over time. However, other conditions can resemble herpes, and doctors cannot base a herpes diagnosis on visual inspection alone. These tests include: Virologic tests (viral culture of the lesion) Serologic tests (blood tests that detect antibodies) The CDC recommends that both virologic and serologic tests be used for diagnosing genital herpes. People diagnosed with genital herpes should also be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases. At this time, experts do not recommend screening for HSV-1 or HSV-2 in the general population. Genital herpes can be caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. It is important to determine which virus is involved, as the type of herpes infection influences prognosis and treatment recommendations. Recurrences of genital herpes, and viral shedding without overt symptoms, are much less frequent with HSV-1 infection than with HSV-2. False-negative (testing negative when herpes infection is actually present) or false-positive (testing positive when herpes infection is not actually present) results can occur. Your health care provider may recommend that you have a test repeated. Virologic TestsViral culture tests are made by taking a fluid sample, or culture, from the lesions as early as possible, ideally within the first 48 hours of the outbreak. PCR tests are much faster and more accurate than viral cultures, and the CDC recommends PCR for detecting herpes in spinal fluid when diagnosing herpes encephalitis. PCR can make many copies of the virus' DNA, so that even small amounts of DNA in the sample can be detected. However, many labs now use PCR for herpes testing because it is highly accurate. An older type of virologic testing, the Tzanck smear test, uses scrapings from herpes lesions. The scrapings are stained and examined under a microscope for the presence of giant cells with many nuclei or distinctive particles that carry the virus (called inclusion bodies).
The Tzanck test is not reliable for providing a conclusive diagnosis of herpes infection and is not recommended by the CDC. Serologic TestsSerologic (blood) tests can identify antibodies that are specific for either HSV-1 or HSV-2. When the herpes virus infects you, your body's immune system produces specific antibodies to fight off the infection. If a blood test detects antibodies to herpes, it is evidence that you have been infected with the virus, even if the virus is in a non-active (dormant) state. The presence of antibodies to herpes also indicates that you are a carrier of the virus and might transmit it to others. Serologic tests can be especially useful for people who do not have active symptoms, but who have other risk factors for herpes (such as other STDs, multiple sex partners, or a monogamous partner who has genital herpes). Although glycoprotein (gG) type-specific tests have been available for many years, many of the older nontype-specific tests that cannot distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 are still on the market. Canker sores frequently crop up singly or in groups on the inside of the mouth, or on or underneath the tongue. The drugs are used initially to treat a first attack of herpes, and then afterward to either treat recurrent outbreaks (episodic therapy) or reduce frequency of recurrences (suppressive therapy).
Drugs can, however, reduce the severity of symptoms, improve healing times, and prevent recurrences. If people experience very severe disease or complications, they need to be hospitalized and receive an antiviral drug intravenously.
Your health care provider will prescribe one of the three antiviral medications, which you will take for 7 to 10 days. You should begin the medication as soon as you notice any signs or symptoms of herpes, preferably during the prodrome stage that precedes the outbreak of lesions.
If taken during prodrome, episodic therapy may help prevent an outbreak from occurring or reduce its severity. Valacyclovir is taken once a day. Suppressive treatment can reduce the frequency of outbreak recurrences by 70 to 80%. It is generally recommended for people who have frequent recurrences (6 or more outbreaks per year).
Because herpes recurrences often diminish over time, you should discuss annually with your health care provider whether you should stay with drug therapy or discontinue it. While taking any suppressive therapy for genital herpes, it is still important to regularly use latex condoms and to avoid any sexual activity during recurrences. A new form of acyclovir (Sitavig) is administered orally as an adhesive tablet; it is applied to the gum region of the mouth, where it dissolves during the course of the day.
In addition, acyclovir is available in topical form, as is the related drug penciclovir (Denavir). Topical TreatmentsThese ointments or creams can help shorten healing time and duration of symptoms. However, none are truly effective at eliminating outbreaks. Penciclovir (Denavir) heals HSV-1 sores on average about half a day faster than without treatment, stops viral shedding, and reduces the duration of pain. Ideally, you should apply the cream within the first hour of symptoms, although the medication can still help if applied later. Apply the cream 5 times a day, beginning at the first sign of tingling or pain. Over-the-counter topical ointments may provide modest relief.
They include Anbesol gel, Blistex lip ointment, Campho-phenique, Herpecin-L, Viractin, and Zilactin. Some contain a topical anesthetic such as benzocaine, tetracaine, or phenol. Lip balm that contains sunblock, or sunscreen applied around the lips may help prevent sun-triggered outbreaks.
Herbs and SupplementsGenerally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need FDA approval to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. There have been several reported cases of serious and even lethal side effects from herbal products. Always check with your provider before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements. Many herbal and dietary supplement products claim to help fight herpes infection by boosting the immune system. There has been little research on these products, and little evidence to show that they really work. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women.
Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among persons aged 14 - 49 years -- United States, 2005-2008. Guidance on management of asymptomatic neonates born to women with active genital herpes lesions.
Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among symptomatic and asymptomatic persons with HSV-2 infection.
Cure for herpes b
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Meet Sigma
Sigma's Blog
Sigma’s Bookshelf was started up in 2016 by teenager Justin M. Anderson, whose debut book, Saving Stripes: A Kitty’s Story, was released in 2015. It has been a huge success, selling more than 200 copies in its first year on the market, and helping to raise thousands of dollars for S.O.S. Rescue Relief, Inc., a nonprofit whose mission is to prevent euthanasia in adoptable pets.
Justin wanted to help his fellow teenage authors enjoy their own publishing success, so with the help of his parents he started up his Sigma’s Bookshelf. The company name was inspired by Sigma, one of the characters in Justin's novel, Nothing But Trouble. It was published in 2017.
READY TO PUBLISH YOUR OWN BOOK?
Copyright © 2016 Sigma's Bookshelf by SigmasBookshelf.Com. All rights reserved.
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The Beast of Bell Island #26
“Oh goody,” Brooke said flatly as she stared at the news footage playing on the great room’s enormous screen. “We’re on TV.”
Before them was a live feed from one of the helicopters as it slowly loitered about the airspace above the island. They had the entire house in the camera’s sights, as well as the courtyard, some of the pool, and the front and south patios. The resolution was so good that she could even make out the outdoor furniture, and little dots that couldn’t have been anything other than the empty bottles that Jack had downed last night. She counted eight of them. At the top of the screen, in red and white, was a big title block that read BREAKING, and underneath that in smaller red and white was the word LIVE. At the bottom was somebody’s attempt at being cheeky: “Giant-Spotting On Ilyin Private Island”.
“If you’re just joining us now,” came the voiceover of an anchorman, “We are currently looking at the home of Jack Ilyin, the tech magnate who has taken the world by storm in his drunken confession video from last night, which he released after all but disappearing two years ago. If you haven’t seen it yet, we’ll be playing it again in a little while here…”
“Confession video!” Jack harumphed from where he lay down behind her, still nursing his hangover. He’d taken three more asprin and was now chugging a large bottle of Gatorade.
“Can you describe the situation, Tom?”
The audio cut to a man in the helicopter, his voice distorted by the loud whine of the engines. “Yes I can, Brent. So right now we’ve got the top of the Ilyin residence here, which is located on privately-owned Bell Island in the San Juan County of Washington State. Several features of the house are plainly visible, um, but unfortunately there doesn’t seem to be any trace of Ilyin himself, or anything we could point to as evidence of anyone having grown to be twenty feet tall.”
“So you haven’t seen any activity yet?”
“That’s correct, Brent. But we’ll be here, and the moment that someone comes or goes from the house, we will be the first to capture that for our viewers.”
“Thank you Tom. In the meantime, we have a few guests joining us this morning by satellite to help us make sense of the Ilyin confession video.”
“It’s not a confession,” he groaned. Brooke shushed him.
The screen cut from the helicopter feed to the anchorman in the studio as he introduced three guest “experts”: some CGI wizard from a movie company and a forensic video analyst to attest to the legitimacy of the video itself, and a professor of orthopedics to talk about the physical limits of the human skeletal structure at scale.
“Should have just released a sex tape,” he snorted. “Amos, why the hell did you let me do that?”
“I aim to please, Master Ilyin.”
“Do I look pleased, Amos?”
The robot laughed then – laughed! It was a strange sound, and Jack and Brooke exchanged looks.
“You’ve… never done that before,” he said.
“This past week is teaching me much about human behavior, sir. I’m finding it… entertaining, I believe is the word.”
Jack groaned theatrically. “God, not you too!”
Brooke laughed as well and muted the TV from the over-sized tablet remote. “Think of it this way: you’ve gone viral, which is exactly what you needed to accomplish. The rest was going to happen anyway. At least it’s on your terms, now.”
Jack just sighed and closed his eyes. It was going to be a long day.
“Your suit, by the way,” the computer added, “Was estimated at around $14,000, not including the shoes.”
“Might as well place the order,” Jack huffed. “Looks like I’m going to have to make a public appearance here sooner rather than later.”
“What deadline should I give the atelier, sir?”
“ASAP.”
Brooke was in the kitchen, along with Amos, making herself a sandwich. Jack’s food stores were running low she’d noticed, and Amos explained that they got a delivery of food (and vodka, of course) every two weeks from ‘his man in Friday Harbor’: about $1500 worth.
“So, I got a question for you, Amos.”
“Yes, Miss Foster?”
“You want Jack to get back to normal, right?”
“What if it means that you’ll go back to being your run-of-the-mill AI?”
The glossy white robot stopped spreading mustard on ten slices of bread and the little green light on its face held steady for a moment as it… what, computed?
“It appears that… we have a conflict of interest then,” it said, resuming work on Jack’s sandwiches, voice still amiable. There was an awkward silence before the robot continued. “However, my dedication to Master Ilyin is unwavering. Without him, I wouldn’t be here in any capacity.” It shrugged. Or, tried to. Its shoulder joints didn’t quite work that way.
“You’re quite the little robot, Amos,” Brooke said with a smile, patting it on it’s elegantly sculpted back. It didn’t seem to be expecting that, and its head jerked around to get a look at her.
“Thank you, miss Foster.”
Michelle Douglas and the sharp dressed man she had in tow didn’t bother knocking on the front door when they all but ran inside; it was their loud complaining that told Brooke that they had company.
“My god, it’s a madhouse out there!” she shouted as she quickly closed the door behind her. “Channels 4, 7, and 9 all have eyes in the sky, and there are at least forty boats crowding the sound! We could barely get to the dock without hitting somebody!”
“I have water rights 50 feet from the shore,” Jack shouted from the great room.
“Coast guard is doing crowd control,” she replied, stepping into the kitchen for a drink. “Oh, and I found you a PR man in Seattle.” Grabbing a tumbler from the freezer, she went into a cabinet under the counter that contained a mini fridge that Brooke didn’t know was there, and grabbed a bottle of Laphroaig.
“Gonna need ‘im,” Jack grunted from the great room.
The PR man was shorter than Michelle, but every bit the well-manicured, well-paid urbanite, complete with silk tie, expensive suit, designer sunglasses, and some kind of ring on his left thumb that had a carbon fiber inlay. He’d kept silent so far, but had been busy absorbing the strange new surroundings, getting a bead on his new client.
“First off,” Michelle said, leaning against the counter with scotch in hand, “The video? It’s real.”
“It… is?”
She nodded. “If I told you any sooner, you’d have thought I deserved to have my license taken away.” She shrugged. “So, here we are. And it is real.”
The public relations specialist rubbed his chin, suddenly not quite sure about this job anymore. “Uh… huh.”
Brooke and Michelle looked at each other before heading out of the kitchen. “C’mon, he’s over here.”
Jack was in the other room, watching the news broadcast lose its shit over the arrival of the two newcomers, and throwing the last of the ten sandwiches down his gullet.
“Alright, so, we have confirmed that this was indeed Jack Ilyin’s lawyer setting foot on the scene,” the closed captioning frantically parsed. “This is a very good indication that Ilyin is, in fact, present on the property right now. While there is still no sign of him, giant or not, he’ll have to come out eventually…”
“Christ,” Brooke gawked. “They’re acting like this is a damn hostage situation.”
“Jack, Ryan. Ryan, Jack,” Michelle said.
Ryan the PR guy stammered a few nonsense syllables at first, before extending his hand to the giant man sitting cross-legged on the floor shakily. “P-pleasure, M-Mr. Ilyin.”
Jack just glanced at the hand, and looked back to the TV. “I’ll shake your hand when you’re in the mood to tear your rotator cuff,” he sighed.
Ryan looked back to Michelle, then back to Jack, then back to Michelle. “I mean… his voice sounded deep in the video, but I just… I guess I just figured…”
Brooke just snorted. “My introduction was a giant hand coming at me, so this is nothing.” She elbowed Jack in the arm. He smiled and rolled his eyes.
“Wait, who are you, anyway? A housekeeper?”
“Brooke Foster, PI-in-training.”
“The Brooke? The one from the -?”
“Yes,” Jack cut in. “The same one.”
He nodded. “I was drunk off my ass, but what I said was true.”
“Alright, well…” Ryan reached into his bag and produced four newspapers, each with the Jack Ilyin story on the front page, and dropped them onto the ground for all to see. The fourth was a tabloid, speculating something scandalous about this mysterious Brooke person. “You’re going to have to reel in the honesty. I know you’re Russian -”
“Nu, tak chto zh?”
“Er..?”
“Yeah, and?”
“You’re gonna have to play this like an American.”
Jack scoffed. “Yeah, yeah. Let someone else do all the talking.”
“Exactly. And that person is me. So, first things first.” Ryan reached into his pocket for his phone and began to type away with his thumbs. “You need to write up a press release, like, yesterday. Literally. Secondly…” He gestured at Jack’s whole person. “We need to get you looking presentable. You don’t have any clothes, do you?”
“Yeah, I checked Big and Tall. Their ‘gargantuan’ section left a lot to be desired.”
“Oh-kay. Well, we’re going to need to -”
Jack stared the man down. “I’m working on it,” he said flatly.
“I think we should get him something to wear in the meantime,” Brooke said. “Jack, what if we sent someone to a fabric store to get you a few bolts of fabric that we could make some simple pants out of? Drawstring waist, something real basic.”
“Enough to theoretically put on for cameras,” Michelle said.
“Closest fabric store is going to be in Bellingham,” Ryan said, stroking his chin.
The lawyer looked at him. “Can you make this happen in the next four hours?”
“Don’t look at me, I’ve got a press strategy to come up with!”
“I’ll do it,” Brooke offered, with a little less enthusiasm than normal. Once again, she was feeling out of her league – like she should maybe go home. She also barely knew how to sew.
Jack looked at her, though she didn’t see it. “Hey, could you two go upstairs for a few?” he said. “I’d like to speak to Brooke in private.”
Her gaze lifted to his for a moment, a questioning look on her face, and there was a trace of concern in his blue eyes.
Ryan shrugged. “I better get to work anyway.”
Michelle started pushing at the screen on her own phone with a frown. “I’ve got to make a few calls. Take all the time you need.”
With that the two of them disappeared up the stairs.
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HomePress ReleasesUN Representative not declared Persona Non Grata
UN Representative not declared Persona Non Grata
Press Releases / Uncategorized
by: Tamba Lamin
The Government of Sierra Leone views with dismay certain insinuations from some sections of the local media that the Executive Representative of the United Nations Secretary General to Sierra Leone, Mr. Michael von der Schulenburg (in photo), has been declared persona non grata.
Government wishes to make it categorically clear that such allusions are not true, and that any decision to recall or transfer Mr. Schulenburg is purely a United Nations affair.
In declaring a diplomat persona non grata, there is a diplomatic process involved, which includes the writing of either a note verbale or/and a letter to the sending authority, in this case the UN. Neither of such actions has been taken by the Government of Sierra Leone. And it must also be stated that Government has not received any formal notification of Mr. Schulenburg’s recall or transfer.
Let it however be noted that the Government of Sierra Leone has been having a very cordial and fruitful relationship with Mr. Schulenburg, perhaps most notably in his contribution to the transformation of the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation, the setting up of resource centres through the Ministry of Information & Communications, and in the inter-party peace-building deliberations that led to the signing of a joint communiqué by political parties.
However, if or when Mr. Schulenburg should leave Sierra Leone either in the near or distant future, His Excellency the President would be gracious to have discussions with him before departure, while the whole government and people of Sierra Leone would wish him the best in his new assignment. This is in full realization of the fact that UN diplomats could sometimes be recalled at very short notice, an example being the virtual abrupt recall of Oluyemi Adeniji who served as Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General in Sierra Leone during our immediate post-conflict era.
Whatever the eventuality, the Government of Sierra Leone would like to re-emphasize its commitment to the ideals of the United Nations, and its willingness to continue to work and cooperate with the world body, most certainly through its local entity the United Nations Integrated Peace-building Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL).
Ministry of Information & Communications
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Tamba Lamin
Africell positions Sierra Leone Internat...
Sierra Leone welcomes Dr. Jane Goodall
Press statement – World Vision
vandasar momoh
Ernest Bai koroma goverment is the most corrupt goverment full of tribalism and neopotism and it is hard for them to accept other political party.in 2007,i casted my vote for ernest but this 2012 i will vote for maada Bio and my reason is he is a serious man and a good leader.independent voter in sierra leone.
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Exciting next chapters for accessible GPS and Maps
Sendero is pleased to announce our plan to sustain the navigation technology developed with funding from ten federal grants and user input over 19 years. Many of you have been on the journey with us to create independent travel tools since 1999 and even earlier at Arkenstone. One of our goals from the beginning was to make accessible navigation affordable and ubiquitous. The next chapter in that evolution will be with two organizations dedicated to independent travel, Aira and the Lighthouse for the Blind in San Francisco.
Sendero is thrilled to announce that it is transferring its iOS mobile navigation products to the company with the latest independent access to information, Aira. Mike May says, “Charles LaPierre and I founded Sendero in 1999 to provide ourselves and all blind people independent access to location information. The challenge to do that is as relevant today as it was 19 years ago. Accessible GPS in conjunction with Aira and its AI assistant, Chloe, provide a synergistic solution to full navigation access.”
We would also like to announce that the Lighthouse for the Blind in San Francisco will take over the Sendero Maps and GPS product. Sendero CTO, Charles LaPierre says, "I am thrilled that Sendero Maps and GPS products will continue under the stewardship of Aira and the Lighthouse. In 1993, when I developed the first accessible GPS back-pack prototype weighing 10 pounds, I said ‘in 10 years it will be the size of a Sony Walkman(TM), which will fit in your hand’. I am honored that my university project 25 years ago evolved into the ‘Swiss Army knife of life’ smartphone version of today.”
Atlas Speaks from Arkenstone was the first accessible digital map product in 1995. That turned into Sendero Maps and GPS, which the San Francisco Lighthouse is taking over to complement its T-Maps tactile maps product. There is no better way to learn a neighborhood than to have the detail of digital maps and the geographic overview of a tactile map.
Details of these product transitions will be forthcoming. All of your products will continue to work the way you expect. The mobile apps are slated for new features.
The Sendero Maps software will remain the same but will now be available from the Lighthouse, which will also host the legacy BrailleNote and Braille Sense software. Other aspects of this transition will be announced by Aira and the Lighthouse as they come about.
Everyone from the Sendero Group team over the years thank all of you worldwide for being on this amazing journey, from back-pack to iPhone, from WayFun trips to conferences. Our motto from the beginning still rings true, “It is better to travel hopefully than to arrive.”
About Sendero
Developers of the first accessible GPS and talking map software. GPS products "Powered by Sendero" software provide access to detailed street and business location information. Sendero staff, most of whom are visually impaired, know from personal and professional experience that orientation and mobility skills and tools for blind folks are key to enjoyment and success in all walks of life.
About Aira
Aira is a service that uses artificial intelligence and augmented reality to connect blind and low-vision people to highly trained, remotely-located agents. At the touch of a button, Aira delivers instant access to information, enhancing everyday efficiency, engagement, and independence.
To learn more, visit Aira.io
About Lighthouse
Headquartered in San Francisco, California, LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired provides education, training, advocacy, and community for blind individuals in California and around the world. Founded and based in San Francisco since 1902, the LightHouse is one of the largest and most established comprehensive blindness organizations in North America, with a wide variety of programs to suit a wide variety of needs, as well as a rich network of blindness advocates and professionals.
To learn more, visit Lighthouse
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Englischen (selected)
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Research, evaluation, monitoring
Campaigns and recommendations
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The latest articles on "spectra online"
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Gearing projects to schools’ needs
There is now a large number of services that focus on health promotion and prevention in schools. To be successful and viable in the long term, these services need to be geared to the different syllabuses in each language region and to schools’ needs. more
“Bans reduce willingness to engage in dialogue and block discussion”
Barbara Bonetti has observed that there is less bullying in schools that permit and have rules for smartphone use than in schools that ban phones completely. In this interview, the Research Assistant at the Centro di risorse didattiche e digitali (Cerdd) discusses the value of educational debate and how digital media can be usefully employed in a teaching environment. more
Fresh air for bright minds
An investigation by the Federal Office of Public Health has revealed that the air quality in around two thirds of schools is unsufficient, even though good air quality in classrooms is important for students’ intellectual capabilities and health. Now schools and their teaching staff can access good ventilation recommendations and other resources such as the Simaria ventilation simulator. more
The same level of motivation
At first hand. I can still remember how we used to be divided into two teams to play dodgeball in PE classes. Two captains took turns to pick their teams, and always left the children who weren’t very good at sport till last, only picking them – much to the disgruntlement of the other team members – when there was no one else left. There can be no doubt that being one of the first to be picked gave a tremendous sense of validation, while always being picked last was demotivating. more
“Nothing about us without us”
A Patient and Family Advisory Board has been set up to support further implementation of the “Promoting self-management in non-communicable diseases, addiction and mental illness” project. This step reflects the project’s philosophy of “Nothing about us without us”. more
Engaging with patients at all levels
Patient engagement is an important challenge, and one that the FOPH is keen to support. There are various ways of engaging with patients and their relatives, ranging from the micro level, where professionals and patients hold one-to-one discussions, through to the macro level, where patients and their families may be asked to provide input for new draft legislation, for example. more
“Our experience is very positive”
Five questions for Denise Schwegler from the female genital cutting prevention unit at Caritas Switzerland. The unit assists and supports “multipliers” – key individuals in the communities from countries where cutting is practised. The unit partners with the multipliers to organise awareness events and counselling. By doing so they help protect at-risk girls and women. more
Improving care by engaging with patients and their families
Health policy measures should always be geared not only to the requirements of the people affected by them, but also to their needs. That is why the FOPH is endeavouring to include these people in the process of developing strategies and action plans right from the outset. more
Healthy ageing in Switzerland
Demographic change is presenting some major challenges. The task of preserving health and quality of life in the elderly is the main focus of the FOPH’s efforts. It is guided by the “Healthy Ageing” strategy published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is important to take a differentiated view of old age and ageing at all times. more
At first Hand
Bringing health-care into line with the needs of the elderly. Most elderly people’s health is impaired in some way. The important thing is to maintain these people’s quality of life for as long as possible despite their illness and to identify and strengthen their resources. This is the basis of the “healthy ageing” approach. more
The FOPH conducts information campaigns aimed at raising awareness of issues, for instance communicable diseases, smoking and alcohol consumption, handling of chemical products in everyday life, measles vaccination or organ donation, among people living in Switzerland.
Working in collaboration with the cantons, international health agencies and other partners, the Swiss Government combats communicable diseases that constitute a threat to public health in Switzerland.
Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes are currently the most common cause of deaths worldwide, and account for around 75 percent of deaths in Switzerland.
Mental health encompasses personal wellbeing, satisfaction, self-confidence and the ability to form and sustain relationships, to cope with everyday life and to work. Mental health is not a state; it is a dynamic process of adaptation to the changing environment.
Alcohol, illegal drugs and tobacco cause a great deal of suffering for those affected and high consequential costs for society. Besides the "classic" addictions, there are also "new" forms such as dependence on prescription drugs, gambling or excessive use of the Internet.
Certain sectors of the population are particularly vulnerable in terms of harm to health, owing either to their physical or emotional constitution (e.g. disability, mental illness, addictive disorder, pregnancy, advanced age, migration background, etc.) or to their socio-economic situation.
Each phase of a human being's life is shaped by structural changes in the body and mind and by the needs that result from these changes. In a number of life phases – childhood, pregnancy or advanced age – health is an especially important factor and particular care is needed to protect it.
To ensure the greatest possible effectiveness, measures that are aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases must be based on sound scientific foundations. Evaluation is used to support strategy development, achieve optimum effectiveness, promote organisational learning and provide accountability to the public.
Healthcare policy focuses on public health and public healthcare provision. Access to prevention and early identification services and to appropriate healthcare for all sectors of the population is an important basic requirement. Further topics include quality assurance of the services provided and the financial viability, data situation and manageability of the healthcare system.
In an increasingly networked world, the significance of international cooperation is also steadily growing in the health sector. Two key factors are international cooperation as a means of promoting health in Switzerland, and health as a component of development aid.
Archive of PDF
spectra 126 - January 2020
spectra 125 - November 2019
spectra 124 - May 2019
spectra 123 - February 2019
spectra 122 - October 2018
Official FOPH-Website
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N Anderson County, S. C., there has been going on for a long time a private convict slavery system, whereby Negroes were caught, confined in private stockades, and made to work for rich cotton magnates. This system was brought to light by the recent killing of Will Hull, who, according to the Chicago Tribune, "had been seized on a trumped-up charge, and illegally committed to the stockade. . . . Hull protested against his incarceration. He asked for a fair trial, and his reward was a blow with a club. Not content with his lot, the Negro planned escape, to get back to his wife and children. In the quiet of the night, with the chains still binding his legs, he stole forth. But the guards had orders to watch him. As Hull was going away, a bullet from a fifty-four caliber rifle bored its way into his brain, and he fell dead. Newell, the guard who had fired the shot, was arrested, and sent to court. Other guards went to his rescue, a story of self-defense was put up in court, and in five minutes the jury said the man was not guilty. But, in the death of Hull, the story came out. A rasping charge from Judge Bennet followed, and the grand jury, armed with full power to summon leaders and seize papers, went to work to investigate, and found the condition of affairs more horrible than was ever dreamed."
"On these big farms, where thousands of bales of cotton were raised, enormous revenues rolled into the coffers of the managers. Of the twenty-five Negroes released [when the case was in court], not one had been held for an infraction of the law. The systems were privately operated. . . . Back in the mountain section, away from the world, these places held hundreds of ignorant Negroes who had been stolen from their families to make fortunes for white men who occupied high positions in the social work of the county and State."
These private prisoners were clothed in the striped garments of the usual State convict type, and all that the owners had to pay for the services of these poor wretches was their wretched food and the convict-clothes used as a blind to the public. After the hard day's work the negro men were driven to a pen, locked up, and guarded, being aroused the next morning before daylight. The grand jury reported at Anderson, S.C., the 7th inst., and "in a presentment which pictured the horrors of the bondage system, returned indictments against four of the leading citizens of Anderson, and a score of guards. So pleased was Judge Bennet, who first demanded an investigation, that he declared he was profoundly grateful to a jury which had the backbone to break up an iniquitious system of slavery, which was showing a tendency to spread throughout the State. The jury showed in its report that Negroes had been bought and sol; that they had been seized on the highway and kidnapped and sent to prison pens, where they were bound and shackled, and warned that death would follow any effort to escape. When the jury began its investigations and summoned Negroes, evidence could not be secured, because the former slaves claimed that they would be killed if they opened their mouths. The grand jury so far as it could has wiped out of existence the convict lease system, under the shroud of which these private slave dens were allowed to thrive.
"The jury gave an account of the visits to the stockades. At a place managed by Julius Miller [this was only one of many such places] evidence was produced to show that runners had been paid to go out and seize Negroes; and one man, Warren Sloan, was sent in for more than a year, because he owed a debt of ten dollars. When a neighbor offered to pay the fine, the dealer declared that he would not part with his Negro for one thousand dollars. At Miller's place the Negroes were flogged to the point of insensibility, and bound with chains." Those indicted by the grand jury will be bound over for trial in June. The next thing will be to punish them. It is doubtful whether this will be possible, as the slaveholders are wealthy. "Proof was secured to show that the system of slavery was more binding than the slavery system in operation throughout the South before the proclamation of Abraham Lincoln."
March 26, 1901 ATJ, ARSH 200-201.
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Seeing a living Olympic legend in Thessaloniki is not the most common of sights. Even more so when you talk about Veronica Campbell-Brown , the three times golden Olympic medallist from Jamaica, who visited the northern Greek city and revealed all that has turned her into the great champion that she is today: the carefree childhood in her birthplace, the rural parish of Trelawny, her first golden Olympic medal, her adventure with doping, and also her role as a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. The best of all? She wouldn’t rule out switching to bobsleigh, either!
Interview Nikos Koudas
follow me @nkoudas
Photos Nikos Kardaras
When she was a young girl, her mother used to send her to the grocery store when she was in need of a missing ingredient, safe in the knowledge that she would be back in no time, right on time for the serving of the family table. Apart from being the fastest among her nine brothers and sisters, Veronica was also the main attraction in her neighborhood, as all the locals used to gather on the streets to watch her compete with and beat even the older boys of Trelawny. Few could imagine that ten years later, that small, mercurial girl would rewrite Jamaica’s history books in track and field, by becoming the first Caribbean sprinter to win a gold Olympic medal in an individual discipline and seven medals in total, during four Olympic Games!
Despite of all her tremendous success, however, Veronica Campbell-Brown remains a deeply modest, philosophical and grateful human being, for all the blessings that her life has brought. She speaks slowly and serenely, with a gentle tone in her voice. The crucifix that is hanging from her neck proves her deep faith in God, while in her eyes one can clearly see a genuine kindness, coupled with an enviable completeness – and all that accompanied by a crystal clear laughter, straight from the heart.
Veronica, welcome to Thessaloniki. What is the purpose of your visit in our city?
Thank you very much. Thessaloniki is such a beautiful city! I’ve been coming here for many years. Actually this is where my Greek physical therapist, Savvas Panavoglou, lives, so I normally come to Greece for treatment and training. He helps me a lot, and he oftens travels with me to the world championships and all the other meetings where I participate.
So, how did this cooperation come along? Aren’t you a bit far from each other?
(Laughs) Well, when I am in the United States, I have another masseuse I work with. However when I am in the circuit, I work with my whole group, together with Savvas. We met in 2006, during the world indoor championships in Moscow. He was introduced to my management group team by a Greek athlete who has the same manager with me. Of course Savvas is very experienced, as he used to be a national champion in discus, so when we met, it just… clicked!
You are the youngest Olympic medalist in Jamaica’s history (silver medal in 4x100m relay in Sydney 2000, at 18), the first sprinter from the Caribbean to win a gold Olympic medal (200m and 4x100m relay in Athens 2004) and also one of only two women in Olympic history to have defended her 200m title (2004-2008). Do you feel complete or do you still have an ultimate goal in your career?
I am truly grateful for all I have achieved in my life, but I still have a burning desire for more! I still feel that I have not reached my limits yet, and I really want to push myself to achieve that. Everything I have accomplished in my life is because of track and field and to me is a way of life, so I cannot stop now, it is such a big part of me. It would be really nice if destiny holds more success in the future for me, for example a gold medal in 100m, hopefully in Rio 2016. My goal is to continue to train hard and take each season as it comes.
Will we see you In Brazil in two years time?
I certainly hope so! The first challenge is to make the Jamaican team every year, because as you know we have to go through the national trials. My main objective is to stay healthy, to train well and have a very good base on which to build upon. So, first of all the goal is to make the team, and as long as I am in the team, then anything can happen…
You had a very difficult adventure in your life a couple of years ago, with the doping allegations case. In what ways would you say that this case shaped you as a person?
I learned a lot about how the world works and I realized that life can be really unfair. I have never used drugs in my career, and it was something that came out of nowhere. I was raised in a house where I learned not to be dishonest, not to steal, so I would never do such a thing. I love my sport, I respect the other competitors, and I would never jeopardise my sport and career like that. My talent was a blessing from God and my success was the result of hard work. I honestly don’t know how this story came about, but it is behind me now. In due time, I know that the truth is revealed. It was really a struggle for me, but I moved on from there. This whole adventure deepened my faith in God, as I was raised as a Christian. Only God himself can send us the right help, because this is a crazy world that we live in, and we don’t know what can happen to us…
Would you consider switching to bobsleigh, like your colleague Lolo Jones did for the USA team? You know we really loved the “Cool Runnings” movie here in Greece!
(Laughs) Yes, why not? I never rule anything out! Although there is no women’s bobsleigh team in Jamaica right now, if the federation decides to invest more money to it, I would definitely try it. However, I would not drive, but I could be the brake, like Lolo did! Actually I watched our men’s team in the Sochi Winter Olympics. It was real fun, and it’s such a fast sport! I remember the 1988 team in Calgary, Canada, even though I was six years old back then, but it certainly was a crazy thing for Jamaica, since we don’t even have snow!
You come from the Jamaican parish of Trelawny, which is famous for being the “home” of track and field champions, like Usain Bolt, Ben Johnson, Rosemary Whyte and Omar Brown, your husband to name just a few! So, what is the secret behind that?
It is true! Well, Trelawny is in the countryside of Jamaica, so to speak, and it is a rural area, with a lot of farming, many hills. The people there work very hard every day, they plant their own food, doing farming jobs, so there is a certain work ethic among them. When I was a child, I used to walk all the way to school. I don’t know if it is just the terrain we grow up, but you can never rule out talent. However, it is how you groom that talent that determines how much you achieve.
How did your relationship with track and field start? Is it true that your mother used to send you to the grocers all the time, because you were the fastest among your siblings?
(Laughs) Yes, it’s true! I used to love running and my mum knew that I would be back in no time, right before dinner was served! I have five brothers and four sisters and we used to play all together. We got on very well with each other. One of my younger brothers, the one who came right after me, used to fight me a lot, but it was all out of love. When we ran out on my neighborhood’s streets, the people used to gather around to watch me run with the older boys. There was this steep hill close to where I lived, and we used to run downhill barefoot, in full speed!
Which one of your medals/successes do you rate as the biggest, the one which holds a special place in your heart?
They are all special, but I think my 200m gold medal in Beijing 2008 was the most special moment, everything leading up to it was very emotional. The fact that I was able to return after Athens and defend my gold medal was a truly great accomplishment. I felt that a whole life’s hard work was finally rewarded.
You must have really fond memories from Greece, especially because of the fact that you won two gold and one bronze medal in the Athens 2004 Olympics. What do you remember the most?
Actually, that was the first time I fell in love with Greece! I was just a young girl, winning her first gold Olympic medal in an individual discipline, and to achieve that was so special. It is a great feeling to see your dream become reality. Of course it was all the more special and unique to be in Athens, because I had achieved it in the home of the Olympics. The history and everything really gets to you!
You were Jamaica’s flag bearer in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. Describe your feelings.
It was an amazing, indescribable feeling. It was such a great honour. You know, Jamaica has such a rich history in track and field, and when I was growing up I used to watch all our great sprinters in the Olympic Games. So to be able to hold our national flag, was something that I will never forget as long as I live, because I know how much people in Jamaica love track and field and how much I am loved back home.
What was your childhood hero when you were growing up?
It was Merlene Ottey, of course. She is such a sweetheart, apart from a great athlete! She used to go to same high school as I did, Vere Technical High School. She was such a huge talent and a role model for me, I always looked up to her. We are good friends now and we get together in Florida where I live, or back home in Jamaica, because she now lives in Slovenia.
You are also UNESCO’s GoodWill Ambassador since 2009, promoting gender equality among other values, while you also have your own charity foundation. How important are these roles in your life? Would you say more than being a track and field superstar?
They are very important. I believe that it’s wonderful to be able to give back something to your fellow citizens, and to be abe to see the smile on their faces. I am truly grateful that I have the opportunity to do that. My foundation’s goal is to help young girls receive a proper education, offering scholarships from high school level, leading up to their graduation from university. I am also trying hard to promote gender equality, a really tough issue all around the world. Unfortunately, women nowadays are still treated less equally than men. Women have to prove themselves over and over again, they have to prove that they are worthy of equal payment, equal treatment etc. The problem is being addressed, but this is not enough. There is still a huge gap that needs to be closed…
You once said, “As long as you have breath, as long as the sun shines, and the trees and the grass sustain life, no dreams are too huge to come alive”. What is your dream?
My dream is to fulfill my potential and to always be a role model for young people, especially gilrls. I have a great desire to help them reach their dreams. I believe that the way to achieve this, is by continuing to pursue my own dreams and goals. If the kids see me do that, hopefully they will also be motivated to do the same.
What is your opinion on Greek track and field athletes? Do you know any of them?
To be honest I don’t know any of the athletes personally. I knew of Katerina Thanou and Kostas Kenteris in Athens 2004. Nevertheless, every time I visit Greece, I can see the way your athletes train and I can see how focused, hard working and determined they are. I enjoy it every time I come here, because everybody is so polite and nice, true professionals.
Related Topics:athleticsinterviewjamaicaRio 2016sliderveronica campbell-brown
Μετανάστης με αμαξίδιο
Συνέντευξη με ένα θρύλο
Διαθεσόπουλος: «Έχω κερδίσει 400 μετάλλια»!
Συνέντευξη Πανταζής: «Κανείς δεν περίμενε να πάρω μετάλλιο, ούτε εγώ»
Συνέντευξη Φραντζεσκάκη: «Δε θα φύγω ποτέ από τα Χανιά, δε θα αλλάξω ποτέ προπονητή»
Συνέντευξη Αναγνώστου: «Ακόμη δεν το πιστεύω τί έχω πετύχει»
Συνέντευξη Τεντόγλου: «Αυτό είναι μόνο η αρχή»
«Είμαι καλυμμένος ως προπονητής από την προσπάθεια του Μπανιώτη»
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Alejandro Fernández Concert Films Alejandro Fernández Top Tracks Related Artists Top Tracks on Qello
Alejandro Fernández Concert Films
Confidencias Reales
International superstar Alejandro Fernandez is back with his new studio album, Confidencias . The album includes 11 timeless Latin American standards all recorded with Alejandro s incomparable unique style, under the production of the late legendary producer and musical prodigy Phil Ramone (Billy Joel, Frank Sinatra, Ray Charles, Rod Stewart and Elton John among many others). Confidencias also features internationally renowned recording artists including Christina Aguilera on the album s lead single Hoy Tengo Ganas de Ti , Rod Stewart on a bilingual (Spanish and English) version of Jimmy Cox s Nobody Knows You When You re Down and Out and Alejandro s father, legendary Mexican music superstar Vicente Fernandez, in an epic take of Julio Iglesias classic Me Olvide De Vivir.
Alejandro Fernández / 1 hr 37 min
Alejandro Fernández Top Tracks
Confidencias Reales / Alejandro Fernández / 06:11
Concavo Y Convexo
Popurri Tributo A Mi Padre
Estuve
Procuro Olvidarte
Te Quiero, Te Quiero
No Se Olvidar
Hoy Decidi Olvidarte
Nube Viajera
Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones, Vol. II
"Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones," is the fourth album and the first live of the Mexican singer Kalimba. This live performance was recorded in 2009 at the Metropolitan Theater where Kalimba performed some of the best classic songs by artists like Juan Gabriel and José José.
Kalimba / 1 hr 4 min
Tr3s Presents Juanes MTV Unplugged
International icon, singer, composer and Colombian guitarist, JUANES presents his first live acoustic album, “Tr3s Presents Juanes MTV Unplugged”. In both critical respect and global commercial success, Juanes has become the leading all-Spanish language music artist in the world over the course of the last decade. Both an electrifying guitarist and gifted songwriter frequently exploring the complexities of love and interpersonal emotion, he is often mentioned alongside artists such as Bono and Bruce Springsteen for his belief in the possibility of social change through music.
Juanes / 1 hr 8 min
Clearly a career defining album, MTV Unplugged showcases Ricky's depth as a performer and invites you to an intimate, acoustic platform where he rediscovers his music and reinvents some of his most popular hits along with various new ones.
Ricky Martin / 1 hr 1 min
Zona Preferente
Live Concert including featured artists such as Aleks Syntec, and Brian Amadeus.
Sandoval / 1 hr 26 min
Desde El Estadio El Campin De Bogota
Colombia's favourite son comes alive at this epic 2015 show.
Carlos Vives / 1 hr 18 min
PausePlay Interview
Pablo Alborán joins us for a chat about his album "Terral", discovering north america and drowning in goodbyes.
Pablo Alborán / 23 min
Documental de la Gira "Soltando al Perro"
The masterpiece presented is an amazing music documentary of Jesse and Joy's concert tour "Soltando al perro".
Jesse & Joy / 45 min
Más es Más
Alejandro Sanz is performing his biggest hits in this exquisite live performance. Tracks include Hoy Que No Estás, Looking For Paradise, Y, ¿Si Fuera Ella?, Desde Cuándo, La Fuerza Del Corazón and many more.
Alejandro Sanz / 2 hr 27 min
Primera Fila
To be a successful artist in the music world means more than recording numerous albums, filling up stadiums and conquering radio. What it really means is to make art, to touch the hearts of millions of people, and to create music that transcends time. Precisely what Franco de Vita has achieved in his almost three-decade career. His hallmark is that of the poet who weaves songs with the filaments of his imagination and his talent for words. That’s how to best describe this singer and songwriter, born in Venezuela of Italian parents, and who has made Spain his home for many years. His position is secured both with the public that has known him from his early days as a rocker and who has seen him flourish in many other facets, as well as with the singers for whom he has written hits, from Ricky Martin to Chayanne. The truth is, simply, that Franco does not rest on his laurels. And that’s why this year, the singer/songwriter who has captivated generations with songs such as No Basta, Cálido y frío, Fuera de este mundo, Louis, and Ay Dios, is back with a musical production recorded entirely live at the Comtel studios in North Miami on January 20. Franco de Vita en Primera Fila is the pinnacle of a career. “I have been dreaming about this for many years and, well, finally, we’ve made the album,” says an enthusiastic Franco. “The idea behind this project comes after having presented three shows at the Centro de Bellas Artes of Puerto Rico (the island is one of his most important markets) a while back. But then, in the end, what we thought of doing did not happen. So, more records came along, more songs, more hits, thank God, and now, with Sony, it finally takes place. And here we are.” Under the direction of Diego Álvarez, of Plataforma TV; the production of Vicente Solís; and the collaboration of 15 musicians, Franco unleashed his innate talent in front of some 250 people. “Since I have never shown something that I am not, in this project I cannot do anything else but to continue showing who I am,” says Franco. “For me, what really matters is the musical part. Here, we try to present those same hits but in a different way. Songs have their own personalities, thus, they themselves tell you ‘hey, I am not feeling well in this genre. Get me out of here.’ We have a few people, a few musicians. It is another way of transmitting, of projecting, a song.” “It is imperative that we include the songs that were hits. And it has been mighty difficult because, which song do you take out? How many do we put in?”, “We had to limit ourselves to 20, including new songs.” Those new songs featured are Tan sólo tú, the first single, a duet with Mexican rock star Alejandra Guzmán, and Mira más allá. Although the duet begins as a tranquil ballad, it develops into a musical explosion perfect for the voice of the queen of rock. Meanwhile, the other “is a very particular song, like a return to those first days performing with groups, gathering in a room four or five musicians to do the track. It’s a bit reminiscent of the 70s and 80s.” Other duets included are Te veo venir soledad, with Puerto Rican salsa master Gilberto Santa Rosa; No se olvida, performed with Argentine singer Soledad; Si quieres decir adiós, with a promising new talent: Costa Rican American Debi Nova; and what is perhaps the biggest surprise in the album, his new version of Si la ves, for which he reunited his original colleagues, the Sin Bandera duo (Leonel García and Noel Schajris), dissolved in 2007. “I have brought them back together,” says the artist with a laugh. “Really, there have been a lot of people involved and, to tell the truth, I am super excited. It is a very strong point in the album, a song that I have performed with many new talents.” Franco de Vita en Primera Fila highlights once more his quality as a composer and an artist in this exclusive live production.
Franco De Vita / 1 hr 57 min
El Último Jaripeo
Throughout his nearly two-decade struggle with cancer, Joan Sebastian continued to stun on stages around the world. El Último Jaripeo captures his triumphant final concert, and the crowd roars with devotion throughout. With a catalog so deep, Sebastian had no problem stacking the set with beloved hits. He’s sublime on touching versions of ballads like “Me Gustas,” achieving a real intimacy even while rousing an entire arena, but he also rocks with shocking force for an elder statesman, turning “Juliantla” into an ecstatic party anthem.
Joan Sebastian / 1 hr 39 min
Mis 40 en Bellas Artes
The legendary Mexican musician and composer Juan Gabriel presents his amazing live performance Mis 40 En Bellas Artes. This production was recorded at the emblematic Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City, accompanied by an impressive production comprised of Mariachi, Orchestra and choirs that emphasize the excellence in his 40 year trajectory.
Juan Gabriel / 2 hr 8 min
En Primera Fila
Cristian Castro on his live and historic “Cristian Castro En Primera Fila – Día 1”, performs some of the hits that have meant the most to his fans throughout his 20 year career, while adding four new songs and being accompanied by some of the top artists in Latin music today. His mother, the iconic actress and singer Verónica Castro, joins him on a medley of her hits “Aprendí a Llorar” and “Ven”. He also duets with the transcending Latin pop group, Reik, the incredibly talented female duo Ha-Ash and singer-songwriter Leonel García, former Sin Bandera. Cristian Castro reinvents some of his chart-toppers in this amazing new production, including the energetic “Azul” and seductive ballad “Agua Nueva”
Cristian Castro / 1 hr 10 min
Primera Fila Acustico
The Latin pop duo Sin Bandera became one of the most popular artists after their solo debut album “Sin Bandera” was released on March 26, 2002. In this live concert experience the band performs some of their greatest hits.
Sin Bandera / 1 hr 30 min
Una Noche De Luna
Marco Antonio Solís
Legendary songwriter, multi-generational music icon, sought-after producer and renowned Mexican singer Marco Antonio Solís presents an unprecedented, palpable and intimate journey through his own musical memories with the production “Una noche de luna”. With more than 25 million albums sold over 30 years of countless hits, multiple awards and honors, the singer is not only recognised for his professional prowess and ability to generate lyrics that resonate with people across borders and generations, but also for his disarming humility and heartfelt humanity. One of the most prolific singer/songwriters in Latin America with over 300 titles penned, he is the recipient of multiple Latin Grammy, Billboard Latin, ASCAP and Premio Lo Nuestro awards, and was named Latin Artist of the Decade in 2010 by Billboard Magazine. He is also among a handful of artists who remains faithful to his own genre and musical style, an example of lyrical quality, fun and creativity, with catchy tunes that evoke romance, playfulness and passion. The singer, whose unstoppable trajectory includes a best-selling US tour in 2012 co-headlining with Marc Anthony and Chayanne, was honored with a star in the Hollywood walk of Fame in 2010, cementing his name as one of the best representatives of Latin music in the world today. Success continues for Marco Antonio Solis, who now offers “Una noche de luna”, a live recording of some of the international idol’s classic hits including “Mi Eterno Amor Secreto”, “Tú Me Vuelves Loco”, “Más Que Tu Amigo” and more, performed over seven consecutive nights in front of over 50,000 fans at the historical Luna park Stadium in Buenos Aires, which was part of the ‘En Total Plenitud’ tour across 15 cities in Argentina with more than 250,000 fans altogether. An unforgettable musical experience produced by Javier Sepulveda, directed by Hector H Kron, and now presented by Fonovisa Records for all to enjoy worldwide.
Marco Antonio Solís / 1 hr 4 min
Drama y Luz
This mini-documentary takes fans behind the scenes as Mana records their highly anticipated new release. The film includes never-before-seen footage plus interviews from the band members as they record and produce their first studio album in almost five years. After two decades of breaking all types of sales and concert attendance records, the super group from Guadalajara, Mexico prepare themselves to present their first studio album in almost five years, Drama Y Luz. Without a doubt, this is the most anticipated album to hit the Latin marketplace in years. Twelve new recordings are available on this production and all songs were written by the band members themselves.
On this production, Mana has made sure they satisfy their diverse group of fans while not making much of a change to their formula and style of writing that has kept them the as the top Latin act over the past couple of decades. Mana deliver the raunchy, rock sound of their earlier days in songs like "Mi Reina De Dolor" and at the same time, deliver beautiful, heartfelt ballads such as "Vuela Libre Paloma" and "Amor Clandestino." Drama Y Luz will become another amazing collection for all Latin music fans as it delivers a production that took more than a year to create in recording studios throughout the world, and the end result is Mana at their best.
Maná / 48 min
A Solas Con Chayanne
CHAYANNE is a name synonymous of great musical talent and entertainment. With over 30 years in the music industry, CHAYANNE has accomplished selling over 20 million albums and touring worldwide, making him one of the most important figures in Latin pop. With this new release his fans get the chance to re-live with him, his greatest hits, and experience CHAYANNE’S energizing performance.
Chayanne / 1 hr 41 min
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New! - Search other data sources for Miscanthus
HABIT Perennial. Rhizomes absent (7), or short (7), or elongated (3). Culms erect (15), or geniculately ascending (2); reed-like (1/2), or robust (1/2); 30–174.3–700 cm long; without nodal roots (1/1), or with prop roots (1/1). Culm-internodes terete (1/1). Lateral branches lacking (1/2), or sparse (1/2), or ample (1/2). Leaf-sheath auricles absent, or erect (1). Ligule an eciliate membrane (1), or a ciliolate membrane (15). Leaf-blades stiff (2), or firm (14). Leaf-blade midrib widened (2/2). Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous (1/1).
INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle with branches tipped by a raceme (6), or composed of racemes (10).
Panicle open (4/6), or contracted (1/6), or spiciform (2/6).
Racemes digitate (8/10), or borne along a central axis (3/10); erect (1/10), or ascending (10/10), or drooping (3/10); bearing few fertile spikelets (2), or many spikelets (14); bearing 2–5 fertile spikelets on each (2/2). Rhachis angular (3/13), or subterete (10/13). Rhachis internodes indefinite (4), or filiform (12).
Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets pedicelled; 2 in the cluster. Pedicels filiform; tip cupuliform (1/1).
FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate (14), or oblong (2), or ovate (1), or obovate (1); dorsally compressed; 2–4.811–8 mm long; falling entire. Spikelet callus pilose (1), or bearded (15); base truncate.
GLUMES Glumes exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate (8), or elliptic (2), or oblong (6); chartaceous (12), or herbaceous (1), or coriaceous (3); without keels (15), or 2-keeled (1); 0–2 -veined (1/14), or 3 -veined (6/14), or 4 -veined (3/14), or 5 -veined (7/14). Lower glume lateral veins absent (1), or obscure (3), or distinct (12); without ribs (14/15), or ribbed (1/15). Lower glume surface flat; smooth (15), or scabrous (2); without pits; glabrous (8), or puberulous (1), or pilose (6), or hirsute (1), or villous (3). Lower glume apex entire (11), or dentate (7); 2 -fid (7/7); emarginate (3/10), or truncate (3/10), or obtuse (1/10), or acute (1/10), or acuminate (3/10), or attenuate (1/10). Upper glume lanceolate (13), or elliptic (3); chartaceous (12/12); with undifferentiated margins (15), or membranous margins (1); without keels (12/15), or 1-keeled (3/15); 1 -veined (2/13), or 2 -veined (1/13), or 3 -veined (7/13), or 4 -veined (1/13), or 5 -veined (6/13). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (15), or ciliate (1). Upper glume surface smooth, or scabrous (1); glabrous (11), or pilose (6), or villous (2). Upper glume apex obtuse (1), or acute (8), or acuminate (6), or attenuate (1).
FLORETS Basal sterile florets male (1), or barren; with palea (1), or without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret lanceolate (6), or oblong (9), or ovate (1); hyaline; 0 -veined (5/15), or 1 -veined (7/15), or 3 -veined (3/15); obtuse (2/15), or acute (12/15), or acuminate (1/15). Fertile lemma lanceolate; hyaline; without keel; wingless; 0 -veined (2/14), or 1 -veined (13/14), or 2–3 -veined (1/14). Lemma surface unwrinkled; without grooves; glabrous (15), or pilose (1). Lemma margins eciliate (9), or ciliolate (3), or ciliate (4). Lemma apex entire (8), or dentate (8), or lobed (2); 2 -fid (10/10); incised 0.25–0.29–0.33 of lemma length; acuminate (1/1); muticous (5), or mucronate (3), or awned (12); 1 -awned (12/12). Principal lemma awn apical (6/14), or from a sinus (9/14); straight (8/14), or geniculate (7/14). Palea present (12), or absent or minute (5); 0.2–0.4622–0.66 length of lemma; hyaline (2/12), or membranous (10/12); 0 -veined (2/2); without keels (1/12), or 2-keeled (11/12). Palea surface glabrous (11/12), or pubescent (1/12).
FLOWER Lodicules 2 (1/1); truncate (1/1). Anthers 2 (2/15), or 3 (13/15).
FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (2/2); lanceolate (1/3), or obovoid (2/3).
DISTRIBUTION Africa (3), or Temperate Asia (11), or Tropical Asia (6), or Australasia (2), or Pacific (2), or North America (1), or South America (1).
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Robert Siscoe's article
I have been asked for my opinion of this latest "refutation" of the sedevacantist position. I have now obtained a copy (in Word format) and begun reading it. It seems quite good until one gets to the following, at the bottom of the second page:
However – and this point is important when considering the Sedevacantist position – the loss of faith does not, in and of itself, sever a man from the body of the Church. Let me repeat that: A mortal sin against the faith does not, in and of itself, sever a man from the body of the Church. And if the man who loses the faith happens to be the pope, he does not thereby lose his office. This is a point that is often missed by even the most learned and talented defenders of the sedevacantist position.
Well, we're not ignorant of this, and I for one regard it as a commonplace of theology, not at all controversial. But actually Siscoe's point is purely ad hominem. Siscoe is not, as one might expect, erecting a straw man to demolish. He actually attempts to answer much more serious sedevacantism than this. His point here is purely to discredit most sedevacantists. He is really only mentioning something in passing, which he intends not to address because it's irrelevant, for purely polemical advantage. He would do better to shorten his article considerably, and focus on the points that he really believes to be germane.
Much more egregious than this, however, is his perverse interpretation of the theologian Ballerini, who has this to say:
A peril for the faith so imminent and among all the most grave, as this of a Pontiff who, even only privately, defended heresy, would not be able to be supported for long. Why, then, expect the remedy to come from a General Council, whose convocation is not easy? Is it not true that, confronted with such a danger for the faith, any subjects can by fraternal correction warn their superior, resist him to his face, refute him and, if necessary, summon him and press him to repent? The Cardinals, who are his counsellors, can do this; or the Roman Clergy, or the Roman Synod, if, being met, they judge this opportune. For any person, even a private person, the words of Saint Paul to Titus hold: “Avoid the heretic, after a first and second correction, knowing that such a man is perverted and sins, since he is condemned by his own judgment” (Tit. 3, 10-11).
That is to say, he who has been corrected once or twice and does not change his mind, but is pertinacious in an opinion opposed to a manifest or defined dogma: by this public pertinacity of his, he not only cannot by any means be excused from heresy properly so called, which requires pertinacity; but also openly declares himself a heretic, that is, he declares that he has departed from the Catholic Faith, and from the Church, by his own will, so that no declaration or sentence of anyone is necessary to cut him off from the body of the Church. In this matter the argument given by Saint Jerome in connection with the cited words of Saint Paul is very clear: “Therefore it is said that the heretic has condemned himself: for the fornicator, the adulterer, the homicide and the other sinners are expelled from the Church by the priests; but the heretics pronounce sentence against themselves, excluding themselves from the Church spontaneously: this exclusion which is their condemnation by their own conscience."
Therefore the Pontiff who after such a solemn and public warning by the Cardinals, by the Roman Clergy or even by the Synod, maintained himself hardened in heresy and openly turned himself away from the Church, would have to be avoided, according to the precept of Saint Paul. So that he might not cause damage to the rest, he would have to have his heresy and contumacy publicly proclaimed, so that all might be able to be equally on guard in relation to him. Thus, the sentence which he had pronounced against himself would be made known to all the Church, making clear that by his own will be had turned away and separated himself from the body of the Church, and that in a certain way he had abdicated the Pontificate, which no one holds or can hold if he does not belong to the Church”.
Here Ballerini lays out some truths which on this Web site at least are extremely well known.
1. For any person, even a private person, the words of Saint Paul to Titus hold: “Avoid the heretic, after a first and second correction, knowing that such a man is perverted and sins, since he is condemned by his own judgment” (Tit. 3, 10-11).
2. That is to say, he who has been corrected once or twice and does not change his mind ... openly declares himself a heretic
3. [And he] declares that he has departed from the Catholic Faith, and from the Church, by his own will, so that no declaration or sentence of anyone is necessary to cut him off from the body of the Church.
4. [And,] So that he might not cause damage to the rest [of the Church], he would have to have his heresy and contumacy publicly proclaimed, so that all might be able to be equally on guard in relation to him. Thus, the sentence which he had pronounced against himself would be made known to all the Church [i.e. a purely declarative decree, after the fact], making clear that by his own will be had turned away and separated himself from the body of the Church, and that in a certain way he had abdicated the Pontificate [past tense], which no one holds or can hold if he does not belong to the Church.
Siscoe manages to turn this entire doctrinal chain inside out, and claims that according to Ballerini only a warning by the cardinals, by the Roman Clergy or by the Roman Synod would constitute a sufficient warning. Such a view is simply perverse. There's no other word for it.
One final point before I abandon this. Siscoe, almost immediately after he employs, with any attribution at all, the quote from Ballerini which I had sourced from Da Silveira in translation, then obtained the Latin text of, then had James Larrabee re-translate, and finally published in an article ( http://strobertbellarmine.net/Sedevacan ... _Peace.pdf ) adds the following comment:
If one reads sedevacantist materials (which are usually the same quotations transferred from one website to another)
His own article is replete with quotations cribbed from Da Silveira, especially. That book was made available in the 1990s by Fr. Vaillancourt, at my instigation. It is on this Web site for free download. He has also borrowed freely from original research work done by John S. Daly (which he acknowledges). He has borrowed from James Larrabee's translation of Bellarmine, which he does not acknowledge. None of this really matters, except for the fact that he chooses to throw in a gratuitous ad hominem which actually applies most accurately to his own work.
The more serious point to be drawn out of this is that all traditionalists are open to the ad hominem Siscoe throws our way. The serious scholars - and I mean, really, truly, serious scholars, not just the heretics - don't take traditional Catholics seriously. We're rank amateurs, whereas they have tenure, the Ph. D.'s, the research resources, the training, etc. Trads generally copy and paste the Ottaviani Intervention, Quo Primum, and other such texts, without any academic rigour. The only thing we have is that we're right. We shouldn't be resorting to cheap tactics at all, but especially not cheap shots that apply universally to our fellow traditional Catholics.
Re: Robert Siscoe's article
Who is Robert Siscoe, and where does he hold forth?
There is a thread about his writings also on the cathifno discussion forum. It appears that many of his points have already been addressed, other than the points which John answered above.
Here is a link to it:
http://www.cathinfo.com/catholic.php/Se ... t-J-Siscoe
He the latest in a long series of people who enjoy a fleeting moment of prominence because they know less about a subject than those who are truly interested in it, and write an article telling the world how they are not convinced about it. Think Laszlo Szijarto, Richard Cure, Christopher Ferrara*, James Larson, John Salza, etc. I reckon I could add another five names if I spent a little more time sifting through my failing memory!
His article appeared in The Remnant, apparently.
* Ferrara at least is known for other things than merely attacking sedevacantism with bad arguments!
Another I can remember was Stephen Hand. One common theme I see among all of those who taken it upon themselves to attack this position is that when their arguments are shown to be false, they do not retract or correct themselves in any way. They allow their published works to remain out there for public consumption, even though the errors in their thinking, facts, or theology have been shown to be demonstrably false.
I would hate to think that fellow Catholics think it is alright to lack integrity. In addition to that, to willfully allow error to remain in the public knowing that it would confuse Catholics about theology or the state of the Church is in my mind a possibly sinful act. At the very least is a grave disservice to Catholics seeking the truth about the crisis as it further clouds the truth from those trying to make sense of the crisis and how this all could have come about, and answers as to how it can possibly end.
Another point to ponder on is that ordinarily Catholics are not allowed to write on matters of theology and have it published without approval. So, in doing such things, due to the crisis in the Church, one would envision the greatest humility, as one is taking it upon himself, without the benefit of the censors of the Church to screen his writings, to publish things that could either help or harm Catholics. If it is shown to be erroneous by the force of argument, then one has a duty to correct the damage and at the very least retract the portions that are clearly in error.
When I was a child I was taught by my good Catholic mother to live a virtuous Catholic life, and some of these virtues were honesty and integrity. I could not imagine living life without these virtues. If I am wrong about anything I have ever written on this forum, I ask you on all on here to point it out to me. I have nothing to hide, if I am wrong, then I am wrong and I will admit it. I just wish these folks could have the same spirit.
Here is the entire article from The Remnant
Sedevacantism and the Manifest Heretic, Part I
(The following is a slightly edited version of an essay published by the Angelus Press, in their booklet THE PAPACY. It is being republished in three parts with their permission.)
In this three part series, we will consider the question of loss of Papal office due to manifest heresy. We will consider the question in light of distinctions that are often overlooked, but which are critical when considering this question. We will look at some historical examples that have a bearing on the current situation in the Church, such as prelates who taught heresy publicly, and see how the Church and their contemporaries reacted at the time. We’ll consider the opinion of theologians regarding the loss of Papal office due to heresy, and see how such a situation would be dealt with in practice. We will also consider two historical examples of popes who were considered by their contemporaries to have fallen into heresy: one was accused of being an unbeliever who purchased the Papal See through simony, and the other seemed so heretical that he was deposed and replaced by a new pope while still living. We will see what, if anything, these examples tell us about the sedevacantist position.
Internal and External Bonds of the Church
Let us begin by considering the internal and external bonds that unite a man to the Church. The internal spiritual bonds are the theological virtues (faith, hope and charity), sanctifying grace, and the gifts of the Holy Ghost. The external and visible bonds are profession of the true faith, communion in the same sacraments, and union with the hierarchy, especially the pope, the visible head of the Church.
These internal and external bonds correspond to what St. Robert Bellarmine and various catechisms refer to as the body and soul of the Church. Before proceeding, a word of caution should be mentioned regarding the use of these terms. During the first half of the 20th Century, certain theologians of a more liberal bent began using these terms as signifying two separate Churches. They implied that the Roman Catholic Church, the body, was one Church, while the Mystical Body of Christ, the soul, was a separate Church. The late Msgr. Joseph Clifford Fenton published several articles in The American Ecclesiastical Review in which he strongly resisted this erroneous use of the terms.
Pope Pius XII also reacted to this error in the encyclical Mystici Corporis Christi (1943) and then again in Humani Generis (1950), when he taught that “the Mystical Body of Christ and the Roman Catholic Church are one and the same thing”, and referred to those who were undermining this truth as being “deceived by imprudent zeal for souls”.
The soul and body of the Church should not be understood as two separate beings, or as if the former merely “subsists” in the latter, while at the same time “present and operative” within other religious bodies. Rather, the soul and body are two distinct parts of the one Church of Christ, which is the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinal Ottaviani expressed it as follows: “There is only one true Church of Jesus Christ… The visible Church and the Mystical Body of Christ are one and the same reality considered from different aspects”. (1)
With this cautionary note in mind, it should also be said that the distinction between the body and soul of the Church, when properly understood, can serve as a useful analogy in understanding the nature and being of the one Church, as well as the various bonds, internal and external, that unite a man to the Church. The Catechism of Pope St. Pius X explains the body and soul of the Church as follows:
“Question: In what does the Soul of the Church consist? Answer: The Soul of the Church consists in her internal and spiritual endowments, that is, faith, hope, charity, the gifts of grace and of the Holy Ghost, together with all the heavenly treasures which are hers through the merits of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ, and of the Saints”.
“Question: In what does the Body of the Church consist? Answer. The Body of the Church consists in her external and visible aspect, that is, in the association of her members, in her worship, in her teaching-power and in her external rule and government”.
The internal spiritual bonds unite a man to the soul of the Church, while the visible bonds unite him to the body.
Now, a man can be perfectly or imperfectly united to the body of the Church, and perfectly or imperfectly united to the soul. One is perfectly united to the soul of the Church when he possesses all three theological virtues – faith, hope and charity - and is thereby living the supernatural life of grace. He is imperfectly united to the soul of the Church when he possesses supernatural faith – or faith and hope – but is cut off from the life of grace (e.g. a Catholic in mortal sin). Perfect union with the soul of the Church is absolutely necessary for salvation.
Perfect union with the body of the Church exists when one is a formal member of the Roman Catholic Church. Imperfect union with the body exists when one desires to be joined to the Church (e.g. a Catechumen). The latter is said to be united to the body of the Church in voto (desire), and not in re (in actuality). In certain circumstances, this imperfect union can suffice for salvation. Before proceeding, let us demonstrate this by the following scenario.
Let us imagine a man who was validly baptized in a non-Catholic sect as a child. When he reached adulthood, through prayer and study he arrived at the firm belief that the Roman Catholic Church was the true Church, and immediately began taking instructions from a local Priest. In addition to believing all that the Church taught, during the time of his instruction, but before being formally received into the Church, he received a special grace from God enabling him to make an act of perfect contrition for his past sins, and thereby obtained the state of grace. If the man died in this state before being formally received into the Church, his perfect union with the soul of the Church, combined with his desire and intent to formally enter the body of the Church, would suffice for salvation. Just as the will and intent to sin satisfies the requirement for mortal sin (Mt. 5:28), so too the will and intent to formally join the Church can suffice in place of actual membership in certain circumstances. To conclude this point, in order to be saved, a person must die perfectly united to the soul of the Church (must possess faith, hope and charity), and be united to the body at least in voto.
Matter and Form of Heresy[/b]
Material heresy, or the matter of heresy, is a belief that is contrary to a defined dogma – a belief at variance with what a Catholic must accept with divine and Catholic Faith. The matter of heresy exists in the intellect and can be present with innocent ignorance, or with sinful pertinacity in the will.
The form of heresy – what renders an erroneous belief formally heretical - is pertinacity in the will. When a person knowingly rejects a dogma of the faith, or when he willfully doubts a defined dogma, he is guilty of formal heresy in the internal forum (the realm of conscience). And since heresy is contrary to faith, a person who willfully disbelieves a single article of faith immediately loses all supernatural faith. Just as one mortal sin removes all supernatural charity (grace) from the soul, so too a single heresy removes all supernatural faith.
St. Thomas: “Just as mortal sin is contrary to charity, so is disbelief in one article of faith contrary to faith. Now charity does not remain in a man after one mortal sin. Therefore neither does faith, after a man disbelieves one article… Therefore it is clear that such a heretic with regard to one article, has no faith in the other articles, but only a kind of opinion in accordance with his own will”. (2)
A man who is guilty of the sin of heresy immediately loses all supernatural faith; and since faith is the foundation of the supernatural life, when faith is lost, so too are the theological virtues of hope and charity, which, along with faith, unite a man to the soul of the Church. Therefore, when one loses the faith – the foundation of the supernatural life - he is completely severed from the soul of the Church.
However – and this point is important when considering the sedevacantist position – the loss of faith does not, in and of itself, sever a man from the body of the Church. Let me repeat that: A mortal sin against faith does not, in and of itself, sever a man from the body of the Church. And if the man who loses the faith happens to be pope, he does not thereby lose his office. This is a crucial point that is often missed by even the most learned defenders of the sedevacantist position.
Formal heresy in the internal forum only severs a man from the soul of the Church. It requires formal heresy in the external forum to sever a man from the body of the Church and, without getting too far ahead of ourselves, formal heresy in the external forum is declared heresy – either declared by the proper authorities, or else “declared” by the individual himself who becomes a notorious and publicly manifest heretic (more on this point later).
In all the discussions this author has had with defenders of the sedevacantist position, only two have been aware of this important point. All others erroneously believe that the sin of heresy (internal forum), and consequent loss of faith, severed a man from the body of the Church, thereby causing a pope who loses the faith to lose his office.
Why is this point significant? It is significant because a false premise results in erroneous reasoning and often leads to a false conclusion. If one believes that a pope who loses the faith thereby loses his office, even if the pope in question has not openly and clearly denied a defined dogma, they could easily reason their way to the conclusion that a pope who was suspect of heresy had thereby lost his office; or that such a man, who they suspect to have been a heretic prior to his election, was not a valid candidate for the Papacy, since a heretic is not eligible to be elected pope. Yet this would be erroneous reasoning since the loss of faith in and of itself (which is not equivalent to formal heresy in the external forum) does not result in the loss of office; nor does it prevent a man from being validly elected pope since de internis ecclesia non judica (the Church does not judge internals).
In the following quote, the great Jesuit Suarez explains that faith is not absolutely necessary for a man to hold office and retain jurisdiction in the Church. He explains that a pope who is a heretic (internal forum) is indeed cut off from the “substance and form” (the soul) of the Church, but nevertheless remains the visible head of the body, and therefore retains charge and action.
Suarez: “[T]he faith is not absolutely necessary in order that a man be capable of spiritual and ecclesiastical jurisdiction and be able to exercise true acts which demand this jurisdiction …. The foregoing is obvious, granted that, as is taught in the treatises on penance and censures, in case of extreme necessity a priest heretic may absolve, which is not possible without jurisdiction. (…) The Pope heretic is not a member of the Church as far as the substance and form [soul] which constitute the members of the Church; but he is the head as far as the charge and action; and this is not surprising, since he is not the primary and principal head who acts by his own power, but is as it were instrumental, he is the vicar of the principal head, who is able to exercise his spiritual action over the members even by means of a head of bronze; analogously, he baptizes at times by means of heretics, at times he absolves, etc., as we have already said”. (3)
The French canonist Bouix (+ 1870) teaches the same:
“Faith is not necessary for a man to be capable of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and that he might exercise true acts which require such jurisdiction. (…) Moreover, the power of orders, which in its way is superior, can remain without faith, that is, with heresy; therefore ecclesiastical jurisdiction can do so too (…) To the argument that, not being a member of the Church [the soul], the heretical Pope is not the head of the Church either [the body] … one can give the following answer: I concede that the Pope heretic is not a member and head of the Church in so far as the supernatural life which commences by faith and is completed by charity [the soul], by which all the members of the Church are united in one body supernaturally alive; but I deny that he might not be a member and head of the Church as far as the governing power [the body] proper to his charge”. (4)
We find the same teaching in the writings of St. Robert Bellarmine who taught that a pope who is an occult (secret) heretic remains pope. Occult heresy is formal heresy – the sin of heresy - in the internal forum, but which has not become manifest in the external forum. In the following quote from Bellarmine, we see that an occult heretic remains externally united to the Church, and if the heretic in question is a Pope, he retains his office.
Bellarmine: "[O]ccult heretics are still of the Church, they are parts and members… therefore the Pope who is an occult heretic is still Pope. This is also the opinion of the other authors whom we cite in book De Ecclesia. …the occult heretics are united and are members although only by external union; on the contrary, the good catechumens belong to the Church only by an internal union, not by the external”. (5)
To be clear, an occult heretic is not a person in material error, but rather a formal heretic in the internal forum – that is, one who is guilty of the sin of heresy and who has thereby lost the faith. Commenting on the above quote from Bellarmine, the great 20th Century Thomist, Fr. Reginald Garrigou Lagrange, wrote the following:
“This condition is quite abnormal, hence no wonder that something abnormal results from it, namely, that the pope becoming secretly a heretic would no longer be an actual member of the Church [the soul], according to the teaching as explained in the body of the article, but would still retain his jurisdiction by which he would influence the Church [the body] in ruling it. Thus he would still be nominally the head of the Church, which he would still rule as head, though he would no longer be a member of Christ, because he would not receive that vital influx of faith from Christ, the invisible and primary head. Thus in quite an abnormal manner he would be in point of jurisdiction the head of the Church, though he would not be a member of it.
“This condition could not apply to the natural head in its relation to the body, but such a condition is not repugnant in the case of the moral and secondary head. The reason is that, whereas the natural head must receive a vital influx from the soul before it can influence the members of its body, the moral head, such as the pope is, can exercise his jurisdiction over the Church, although he receives no influx of interior faith and charity from the soul of the Church. More briefly, as Billuart says, the pope is constituted a member of the Church by his personal faith, which he can lose, and his headship of the visible Church by jurisdiction and power is compatible with private heresy. The Church will always consist in the visible union of its members with its visible head, namely, the pope of Rome, although some, who externally seem to be members of the Church, may be private heretics”. (6)
So, while the loss of faith completely severs a man from the soul of the Church – from the internal bonds that unite him to Christ and the Church - nevertheless, such spiritual shipwreck does not, in and of itself, sever him from the body of the Church. Therefore, a pope who loses the faith does not, for that reason alone, automatically lose his office and jurisdiction.
Now St. Bellarmine is of the opinion that a pope who becomes a manifest heretic does automatically cease to be pope, but let us not equate the sin of heresy and the consequent loss of faith, with manifest heresy. The sin of heresy can be present in the internal forum alone, or it can be manifest in the external form. As long as the heresy does not become publicly notorious the person remains a member of the body of the Church, and if the person in question is a Pope or Bishop, they retain their jurisdiction.
To be continued in Part II
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Sedevacantism and the Manifest Heretic, Part II
Suspicion of Heresy
Before considering what constitutes manifest heresy, or public and notorious heresy - a crime and violation of divine law that some believe results in immediate loss of office for a Pope - let us consider some actions that merely render a man suspect of heresy – which, it should be noted, does not result in the immediate loss of office for a Bishop or Pope.
The 1917 code of canon law teaches that to knowingly and willingly assist in the propagation of heresy (canon 2316), or to actively assist at sacred functions of non-Catholics (ibid.) only renders a man suspect of heresy. The highly respected commentary on the 1917 code of canon law by Wernz-Vidal, teaches that there is merely suspicion of heresy in those who take part in the exercise of magic, of charms or of divination, and of those who become members of sects which, whether openly or secretly, hatch plots against the Church. (7)
To be clear, a man caught in any of these acts is not thereby considered a manifest heretic, but is only considered suspect of heresy. And what is the penalty for such actions?
“Canon 2315 affirms that ‘the suspect of heresy who, once he has been admonished, does not remove the cause of the suspicion is to be prohibited from legitimate actions and, if he be a cleric, when the warning has been once repeated in vain, he will be suspended a divinis; and if the suspect of heresy does not amend himself in the space of six full months, starting from the moment when he incurred the penalty, he will be considered as a heretic, subject to the penalties of heretics’. Let us observe from this how patient and prudent the Church is in respect of such people. In addition to the warning which must be reiterated in the case of a cleric, she gives six months for the retraction or for ultimate clarifications before imposing the penalties proper to heretics. These penalties are not automatic; rather, they must be imposed by the bishop who may ultimately have reasons for not putting them into effect”. (8)
So a man can propagate heresy, practice magic, or be a member of a secret sect that hatches plots against the Church, and he is only considered suspect of heresy, and allowed six months to amend before being considered a heretic. And if the man is a Bishop, he retains his jurisdiction. As the above quotation says, “let us observe from this how patient and prudent the Church is in respect of such people”.
But consider how easily one could reason their way to a false conclusion if they erroneously believed that the sin of heresy, as such, results in the loss of Papal office. How easy would it be for one to conclude that a Pope who was caught “in the exercise of magic”, or “propagating heresy”, or who took “active part in non-Catholic worship” had lost the faith, and thereby lost his office? But as we have seen, the loss of faith in and of itself does not result in the loss of office; neither do the actions which merely render a man suspect of heresy. From this we can see how a false premise results in erroneous reasoning and easily leads to a false conclusion.
Before we discuss the issue of manifest heresy, let’s consider the following hypothetical case. Let’s imagine a Bishop, or perhaps an Archbishop, who publicly preached heresy to a body of important governmental figures. We’ll say that the heresy in question was a public denial of a basic truth of the faith, such as the dogma that the Pope is the head of the universal Church. And let’s say the liberal media gleefully published this throughout the region for all to read, thereby resulting in untold scandal to the faithful. And to take it a bit further, let’s say that this Archbishop was warned by the Pope himself that his belief was heretical (thereby removing any chance of innocent ignorance), yet retracted nothing.
Should such a man be considered a manifest heretic? And if so, would he have immediately lost his office? I venture to say that most, if not all sedevacantist apologists would respond in the affirmative before citing a litany of Saints, Doctors, and canonists to support their position. In fact, many would say that a Catholic who remained in union with such a man should be considered a heretic themselves for remaining in union with a public heretic. Is this not the kind of reasoning sedevacantists often engage in?
Yet this hypothetical scenario of the Archbishop is not hypothetical at all. It is instead the historical case of Msgr. Darboy, Archbishop of Paris, who lived at the time of Pope Pius IX – the Pope in the above story who warned him that his public position was heretical.
The following historical account of the Darboy affair is taken from the article Heresy in History, written by the sedevacantist author, John Daly, who no one can accuse of distorting the facts in order to undermine the position he himself holds. Let us consider what Mr. Daly wrote about the case of Archbishop Darboy.
“In 1865 Mgr Darboy, archbishop of Paris and member of the French senate expressed in an important speech to the senate ideas clearly opposed to the divinely instituted primacy of the Roman Pontiff over the entire Church, which, unlike papal infallibility, already belonged to the corps of Catholic doctrine. The speech was a public defiance of the pope and a refusal to recognize the pope's ordinary and universal jurisdiction in the dioceses of France.
“Pope Pius IX, already aware of the ideas of this wayward bishop, reprimanded him sternly in a private letter in which he reminds him that his stated ideas are comparable to those of Febronius (already condemned) and opposed to the teaching of the IVth Lateran Council. In the same letter the pope complained also of the presence of Mgr Darboy at the funeral of a freemason and other scandals.
“Darboy did not reply to the pope for some months and, when he finally did so, adopted a haughty tone to justify himself and to rebuke the pope! He retracted nothing whatever of the errors which had been reported throughout France with glee by the anti-Catholic press! … Nothing was done and in 1867 he met the pope in Rome, but, contrary to the hope he had given, did not mention the subject of this conflict at all.
“In 1868 a new clash ensued between Mgr Darboy and Rome, when the private letter of the pope dated 1865 was "leaked" and widely published. Still Rome allowed the situation to “ride” and meanwhile the Vatican Council was in preparation. Before and at the council, Darboy, needless to say, opposed the dogma of papal infallibility. For more than five years, despite the rebukes of the pope and of the nuncio, he never withdrew his extremely public errors against the faith. And then when the council proclaimed the dogmas concerning the pope, in 1870, he did not adhere to them. On 2nd March 1871, he at last informed the pope privately of his adherence to these dogmas, and even then he continued to delay before carrying out his duty of promulgating these decrees in his diocese. Only that promulgation at last constituted an implicit withdrawal of the false doctrines he was on public record as holding, despite the rebuke of the pope, since 1865.
“Now was Mgr Darboy during that period a public heretic or not? If one answers "yes", one is in manifest disagreement with Ven. Pope Pius IX. And of course those who not only accuse others lightly of heresy, but even hold that remaining in communion with un-condemned heretics is an act of heresy, schism or at best a grave public sin entailing exclusion from the sacraments must conclude that all the Catholics of Paris, laity and clergy, simultaneously fell from grace by continuing to recognize Darboy as their bishop even when they deplored his behaviour”. (9)
As Mr. Daly asked, was Msgr. Darboy a public heretic or not? After all, aren’t we told by sedevacantist apologists that if someone makes a heretical statement pertinacity is presumed in the external forum until the contrary is proven (10), and that “if the delinquent… be a cleric, his plea for mitigation must be dismissed” due to his “ecclesiastical training in the seminary (11). And don’t they conclude from this that a Bishop who makes a heretical statement has “publicly defected from the faith” (canon 188.4) and thereby lost his office? And further, that we are morally bound to withdraw from communion with the one they declare to be a public heretic lest we share in the heretic’s guilt?
Yet here we have the example of a Bishop who taught heresy in pubic, and “retracted nothing” after being warned by the Pope himself that his teaching was heretical. Yet Pius IX – the pope who gave us the Syllabus of Errors, Quanta Cura, and who ratified the First Vatican Council – remained in union with the man! If the sedevacantists were consistent, should they not conclude that Pius IX was an antipope for remaining in union with a “public heretic”? And what would this say about the First Vatican Council that he presided over and ratified?
Or could it be that the sedevacantist apologists are rash in claiming that a Bishop or pope who says something false, or seeming heretical, qualifies as a public heretic? Could it be that their interpretation and private application of canon law is erroneous?
Let’s consider just one more example from Mr. Daly’s article, which is of additional interest since it involves St. Robert Bellarmine, whom sedevacantists often quote as an authority for their position. Let us see how St. Bellarmine reacted to a professor and celebrated theologian from the university of Louvain who was publicly teaching heresy. And let us compare this example of a Saint and Doctor of the Church to the rashness of the sedevacantist apologists in our day.
“Doctor Michel de Bay (Baius), born in 1513 took part in the council of Trent and became a celebrated theologian at the university of Louvain where he opposed the Protestants, and in particular the Calvinists. ‘He seems to have been activated by a sincere desire to defend the Church, but...like so many of the Church's impulsive and ill-equipped champions he fell into the very errors which he had set out to destroy.’ (Brodrick: Blessed Robert Bellarmine, Vol. II, p. 3) From his youth he had a love of novelty disguised as a return to more ancient traditions. He affected to disdain the scholastics, without being very familiar with them, and to adhere instead to St Augustine.
“A pronounced vice in his character was the ease with which he called heretics all those who failed to agree with his theological ideas, which, of course, he considered to be manifestly the only orthodox ones. From 1551 onwards he spread his errors from his professorial chair. In 1561 Pope Pius IV imposed silence on him, which he did not respect. In 1567 St Pius V drew up a decree condemning 79 of his theses, without promulgating it. De Bay was sent a copy and defended himself; reading his defense determined the pope to give public confirmation to the condemnation, in which several of de Bay's ideas were qualified as heretical. De Bay himself, out of charity, was not named, as it was hoped that his opposition to the doctrines of the Church was not conscious.
“De Bay made himself the model of the future Jansenists… by pretending to submit, without changing his beliefs in the slightest. He continued to spread his errors on the pretext that the decree condemned only false interpretations of his thinking.
“St Robert Bellarmine arrived in Louvain as professor of theology also. From 1570 to 1576 he publicly opposed the errors of de Bay in his lectures, but without ever naming him. In speaking of him he always considered him as a learned Catholic, most worthy of respect, and at this time called him "prudent, pious, humble, erudite".
“Nonetheless St Robert never ceased to hope for a new condemnation of his errors, and this appeared in 1579 (Pope Gregory XIII).
“Bellarmine returned to Rome and later the Venerable Leonard Lessius came to replace him at Louvain. By way of preparatory information, Bellarmine told him that in his opinion the doctrine of de Bay and his disciples on the subject of predestination was heretical.
“Lessius wrote from Louvain to Bellarmine at Rome, informing him that de Bay continued to spread his errors in private, even after the new condemnation, and sometimes even in public, and that his numerous disciples propagated them with great enthusiasm.
“Supported by the advice of Bellarmine, Lessius continued to oppose these errors in his lectures, but without ever naming him or condemning the man who was the source of so much evil, and the precursor of Jansenism.
“Now in the light of this account, one is forced to ask whether some sedevacantists in our days are not very much prompter than St Robert Bellarmine was in identifying pertinacity, and more animated by the bad example of de Bay himself than by the good example of St Robert and of the Ven Leonard Lessius. For in the light of the principles of those who call all SSPX followers heretics or schismatics, and place all traditional priests save one or two in the same bag, how is it possible to deny that de Bay was a heretic? And that granted, how is it possible for them not to condemn St Robert Bellarmine, doctor of the Church, for having remained in communion with (and even praised) one whose heretical doctrines and manifest bad faith he was all too well aware of?
“Once again, if the Church presumes all who go astray in doctrine to be pertinacious, St Robert Bellarmine was clearly not aware of it. And while it can be possible to recognize someone as a pertinacious heretic even before the intervention of the Holy See, the fact remains that St Robert was slower to draw that conclusion, even after several Roman condemnations, than some are today when relying only on their own judgment of what seems evident”. (12)
Here we see St. Robert Bellarmine’s reaction to a man who continued to teach errors that had been formally condemned by the Church, but who himself had not been named in the condemnation. How did St. Bellarmine react to this man? Did he condemn him as a manifest heretic? Did he withdraw from communion with him and declare that all others must follow him, lest they share in the public heretic’s guilt? On the contrary, although the Saint desired that another condemnation of his errors would be forthcoming, in the meantime he treated him with respect and even referred to him as “prudent, pious, humble, erudite”. Neither did he assume pertinacity, even though one could have easily drawn such a conclusion since de Bay continued to promote his errors, which had just been condemned by the Church.
With Mr. Daly we must ask “whether some sedevacantists in our days are not very much prompter than St Robert Bellarmine was in identifying pertinacity, and more animated by the bad example of de Bay himself than by the good example of St Robert and of the Ven Leonard Lessius”. The answer to this rhetorical question is obvious.
We will now consider the issue of publicly manifest heresy.
Public Heretic
Some theologians have held that if a pope became a manifest heretic he would automatically lose his office, thereby rendering the Chair of Peter vacant. The great Doctor of the Church, St. Robert Bellarmine, was of this opinion. He wrote:
Bellarmine: “[T]the Pope who is manifestly a heretic ceases by himself to be Pope and head, in the same way as he ceases to be a Christian and a member of the body of the Church; and for this reason he can be judged and punished by the Church”. (13)
The question we must consider is what constitutes manifest heresy in the external or public forum? According to the late Canon Gregory Hesse, who held a Ph.D. in canon law and Thomistic theology, a formal heretic in the external forum is a declared heretic. He explained that a heretic can be declared in one of two ways: either he is declared a heretic by the proper authorities, or he declares himself a heretic. But how would a person declare themself to be a formal heretic?
Since formal heresy requires pertinacity, in order for a statement that is materially false to be considered formally heretical in the external forum, pertinacity would also have to be manifest. Without a formal declaration by the Church, and short of the man in question leaving the Church, or publicly admitting that he rejects a defined dogma, pertinacity would have to be demonstrated another way. The other way, according to St. Robert Bellarmine, would be for the man to remain manifestly obstinate after two warnings. Only then would pertinacity be demonstrated in the external form, thereby rendering him a manifest heretic.
Bellarmine: “The fourth opinion is that of Cajetan, for whom the manifestly heretical Pope is not “ipso facto” deposed, but can and must be deposed by the Church. To my judgment, this opinion cannot be defended. For, in the first place, it is proven with arguments from authority, and from reason, that the manifest heretic is “ipso facto” deposed. The argument from authority is based on Saint Paul, who orders that the heretic be avoided after two warnings, that is, after showing himself to be manifestly obstinate – which means before any excommunication or judicial sentence”. (14)
So according to St. Bellarmine, who bases his opinion on St. Paul, a heretic is considered to be manifestly obstinate after receiving two warnings. But who would be responsible for warning the Pope? The eminent eighteenth-century Italian theologian, Father Pietro Ballerini, discusses this very point.
Fr. Ballerini: “The Cardinals, who are his counselors, can do this; or the Roman Clergy, or the Roman Synod, if, being met, they judge this opportune. For any person, even a private person, the words of Saint Paul to Titus hold: ‘Avoid the heretic, after a first and second correction, knowing that such a man is perverted and sins, since he is condemned by his own judgment’ (Tit. 3, 10-11). For the person, who admonished once or twice, does not repent, but continues pertinacious in an opinion contrary to a manifest or public dogma - not being able, on account of this public pertinacity to be excused, by any means, of heresy properly so called, which requires pertinacity - this person declares himself openly a heretic. He reveals that by his own will he has turned away from the Catholic Faith and the Church, in such form that now no declaration or sentence of any one whatsoever is necessary to cut him from the body of the Church. (…) Therefore the Pontiff who after such a solemn and public warning by the Cardinals, by the Roman Clergy or even by the Synod, maintained himself hardened in heresy and openly turned himself away from the Church, would have to be avoided, according to the precept of Saint Paul. So that he might not cause damage to the rest, he would have to have his heresy and contumacy publicly proclaimed, so that all might be able to be equally on guard in relation to him. Thus, the sentence which he had pronounced against himself would be made known to all the Church, making clear that by his own will be had turned away and separated himself from the body of the Church, and that in a certain way he had abdicated the Pontificate, which no one holds or can hold if he does not belong to the Church”. (15)
In the next quote, the great Jesuit Suarez comments on this same point:
Suarez: “I affirm: if he were a heretic and incorrigible, the Pope would cease to be Pope just when a sentence was passed against him for his crime, by the legitimate jurisdiction of the Church. This is the common opinion among the doctors, and it is gathered from the first epistle of Saint Clement I, in which one reads that Saint Peter taught that a Pope heretic must be deposed. (…) In the first place, who ought to pronounce such a sentence? Some say that it would be the Cardinals; and the Church would be able undoubtedly to attribute to them this faculty, above all if it were thus established by the consent or determination of the Supreme Pontiffs, as was done in regard to the election. But up to today we do not read in any place that such a judgment has been confided to them. For this reason, one must affirm that, as such, it pertains to all the Bishops of the Church, for, being the ordinary pastors and the pillars of the Church, one must consider that such a case concerns them. And since by divine law there is no greater reason to affirm that the matter is of more interest to these bishops than to those, and since by human law nothing has been established in the matter, one must necessarily sustain that the case refers to all, and even to the general council. That is the common opinion among the doctors”. (16)
A pope who merely seems to have lost the Faith, or who has made statements that are erroneous or even heretical, yet who has not openly left the Church or been publicly warned, does not constitute a manifest heretic. And since no such warnings have been given to any of the post-Vatican II popes, either before or after their election, none of them qualify as a manifest heretic.
And it should also be noted that many theologians have held that a manifestly heretical pope does not automatically lose his office. According to Suarez, this was the common opinion in his day.
Suarez: “[I]in no case, even that of heresy, is the Pontiff deprived of his dignity and of his power immediately by God himself, before the judgment and sentence of men. This is the common opinion today”. (ibid.)
If one reads sedevacantist materials (which are usually the same quotations transferred from one website to another), they are left with the impression that virtually all agree that a Pope who becomes a manifest heretic automatically loses his office. Yet as we just saw, it was the common opinion in Suarez’ day that a heretical pope could only be deprived of his office by the judgment and sentence of men.
Below, Suarez explains why a Pope would not lose his office without a judgment and declaration of men, and then list the effects that would result if a declaration was not necessary – “effects” that sound like prophecies today.
Suarez: “[I]f the external but occult heretic (17) can still remain the true Pope, with equal right he can continue to be so in the event that the offense became known, as long as sentence were not passed on him. And this for two reasons: because no one suffers a penalty if it is not “ipso facto” or by sentence, and because in this way would arise even greater evils. In effect, there would arise doubt about the degree of infamy necessary for him to lose his charge; there would rise schisms because of this, and everything would become uncertain, above all if, after being known as a heretic, the Pope should have maintained himself in possession of his charge by force or by other”. (ibid.)
Do these prophetic words not reflect the situation today for those who reject what was, according to Suarez, the common opinion of his day? How many “popes” have been elected by the sedevacantists to date? Well over a dozen. And how many more schisms are there between the various sedevacantist groups who have not gone so far as to elect their own pope?
And it should be noted that others have argued that a Pope could not be deprived of his office, even due to public heresy, because of the harm it would do to the Church. While this is only a minority opinion, the following teaching of the French canonist Bouix is worth citing.
D. Bouix: “There is not sufficient reason to think that Christ had determined that an heretical Pope could be deposed. … We deny absolutely, however, that Christ could have established as a remedy the deposition of the Pope. For … such a remedy would be worse than the evil itself. Indeed, one either supposes that this deposition would be carried out by Christ himself, as soon as the Pope were declared a heretic by a general council according to the doctrine of Suarez, or one supposes that it would be realized by virtue of the authority of the general council itself. Now, in both cases the evil would be aggravated, and not remedied. For the doctrine according to which Christ himself would depose the Pope heretic, as soon as the General council declared him a heretic, is no more than an opinion, rejected by any, and with which it is licit, for anyone whatsoever, to disagree. … Such being the case, even after it were declared by a General Council that a certain Pope were a heretic, it would absolutely not become certain that that Pope would be deposed; and in such a doubt one must rather continue to respect his authority. If another Pope were elected not only would he be of uncertain legitimacy, but he would even have to be branded as an intruder. Therefore, the remedy of a deposition made by Christ in the moment of a conciliar declaration, not only would not remedy the evil, but would create an evil much more grave, that is, a most intricate schism. Consequently, by no means should one think that Christ established such a remedy. But neither should one think that He established as a remedy deposition by the authority of the council itself. For, the deposition of a Pope by a council, besides being impossible, as will be said further on, would be followed by a worse evil if it were possible”. (18)
Although the above citation represents a minority opinion, it shows that whether or not a pope would automatically lose his office through manifest heresy is an open question.
To be concluded in Part III
Essay on Heresy, by Arnaldo Vidigal Xavier da Silveira
8 ) ibid.
9) Heresy in History
10) “The very commission of any act which signifies heresy, e.g., the statement of some doctrine contrary or contradictory to a revealed and defined dogma, gives sufficient ground for juridical presumption of heretical depravity” McKenzie, The Delict of Heresy, CU Canon Law Studies 77
11) ibid.
12) Heresy in History
13) De Romano Pontifice, Bk. 2
15) De Potestate Ecclesiastica, pgs.104-105
16) De Fide, disp. X, sect. VI, nn. 3-10, pg. 316-317
17) An external but occult heretic is one who has manifested his heresy to a small group, but not to the general public
18) Tract. de Papa, tom. II, pgs. 670-671
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Sedevacantism and the Manifest Heretic, Part III
Hypothetical vs. Practical
But even if one does hold to the opinion of St. Bellarmine, namely, that a pope who becomes a manifest heretic automatically loses his office - this is only a hypothetical question, and as such is the object of the speculative intellect, which is merely concerned with the consideration of a truth (19). But when faced with the actual situation – not merely the hypothetical question – the difficulty arises of how to apply the principle in practice, including who has the authority to make the necessary judgments and declaration. These are two distinct issues: one hypothetical and the other practical. On the practical level, if faced with a heretical pope, or at least a pope who seems to be a heretic, who would have the authority to determine that he had crossed the line into manifest heresy and thereby lost his office?
In the following quote, taken from Elements of Ecclesiastical Law (1895), Sabastian B. Smith discusses the two-fold opinion with respect to the hypothetical question of a heretical pope, and then explains how it would be dealt with on the practical level.
“Question: Is a Pope who falls into heresy deprived, ipso jure, of the Pontificate? Answer: There are two opinions: one holds that he is by virtue of divine appointment, divested ipso facto, of the Pontificate; the other, that he is, jure divino, only removable. Both opinions agree that he must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals. The question is hypothetical rather than practical”. (20)
As we can see, while there are two common opinions with respect to the hypothetical question, “both opinions agree” when it comes to the practical aspect. And what both opinions agree on is that, on the practical level, it would require a declaration of heresy from the Church in order for the pope to be removed.
Sedevacantist apologists often quote St. Francis de Sales saying: “Now when he [the Pope] is explicitly a heretic, he falls ipso facto from his dignity and out of the Church…”. That quotation usually ends in mid sentence with an ellipsis. But interestingly, if you read the full sentence you see that he is actually alluding to both hypothetical opinions mentioned above, as well as the practical application. This is evident because the Saint immediately says the Church must either depriving him or declaring him to be deprived. This is the entire quote:
"We do not say that the Pope cannot err in his private opinions, as did John XXII; or be altogether a heretic, as perhaps Honorius was. Now when he is explicitly a heretic he falls ipso facto from his dignity and out of the Church, and the Church must either deprive him, or as some say, declare him deprived, of his Apostolic See, and must say as St. Peter did: Let another take his bishopric - Acts 1 (St. Francis de Sales, Doctor of the Church). (21)
Notice he says “the Church must deprive him” or “declare him deprived”. Either way, it requires a judgment and declaration by the Church. So whether a person holds to the opinion that a pope automatically loses his office through manifest heresy, or to the opinion that he is only deposable, it does not follow that individual laymen, or even individual priests, have the authority to make such judgment and declaration. Regardless of which opinion one holds, on the practical level a judgment of guilt must be made, and such a judgment belongs to the proper authorities alone.
To confirm this point, St. Thomas teaches that it belongs to one and the same authority to write the law, interpret the law, and apply it to particular cases:
St. Thomas: “Since judgment should be pronounced according to the written law, as stated above, he that pronounces judgment, interprets, in a way, the letter of the law, by applying it to some particular case. Now since it belongs to the same authority to interpret and to make a law, just as a law cannot be made except by public authority, so neither can a judgment be pronounced except by public authority, which extends over those who are subject to the community”. (22)
Individual laymen and individual priests have no authority to interpret and apply canon law or divine law to particular cases, much less to make public declarations. Such judgments and declarations belong to the proper authorities.
Commenting on the words of St. Jerome, who taught that a heretic departs on his own from the body of the Church, John of St. Thomas explains that this does not preclude a judgment from the Church. He then applies this to a heretical pope specifically. He wrote:
"St. Jerome - in saying that a heretic departs on his own from the Body of Christ - does not preclude the Church's judgment, especially in so grave a matter as is the deposition of a pope. He refers instead to the nature of that crime, which is such as to cut someone off from the Church on its own and without other censure in addition to it - yet only so long as it should be declared by the Church... So long as he has not become declared to us juridically as an infidel or heretic, be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment, he remains as far as we are concerned a member of the Church and consequently its head. Judgment is required by the Church. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned". (John of St. Thomas) (23)
There have been times in the past when scandalous popes have held office; and there have been instances in which men who lived during those times believed the pope was not a true pope. One example is Jerome Savonarola who lived at the time of Pope Alexander VI - a truly scandalous pope. Not only did Savonarola accuse Alexander VI of being an unbeliever, but he also accused him of acquiring the Papacy through simony. This is what he wrote Charles VIII:
“The Church has been invaded from head to foot by ignominy and iniquity… I declare to you in the name of God that this Alexander VI is not the Pope and cannot pass off as such. Beside the infamy he committed in buying the Pontifical See by an act of simony … (and) his other vices which are well-known to everyone, I declare that he is not a Christian, that he does not even believe in the existence of God, which surpasses all the limits of incredulity" (24)
That was the opinion of a man who lived at the time of Pope Alexander VI. Yet in spite of the above testimony from one of his contemporaries, as well as all that history tells us about the scandals of Pope Alexander VI, the Church has never declared that he was not a true pope, or that he lost his office. He may have acquired the Papacy through simony, he may have lost the faith and “surpassed all the limits of incredulity”, yet a sentence was never passed against him by the Church, and as such the Church has never taught that he ceased to be pope.
And it should also be noted that Sovanarola - the very man who attempted to persuade Charles VIII that Alexander VI was “not the Pope” - submitted to the excommunication that he incurred from Alexander VI, and, just before being put to death, knelt at the feet of Bishop Romolino to receive the blessing and indulgence granted to him by the same Pope.
On the other hand, we have the story of Pope Liberius, who, according to the judgment of his contemporaries, fell into the Arian heresy. What was the response of his contemporaries? The Roman clergy – who at the time had the responsibility of electing the Pope – reacted by deposing Pope Liberius, and electing Pope Felix II in his place. Although the move was controversial at the time, St. Bellarmine defended the action taken by the Roman clergy. This is what he wrote:
St. Bellarmine: "Then two years later came the lapse of Liberius, of which we have spoken above. Then indeed the Roman clergy, stripping Liberius of his pontifical dignity, went over to Felix, whom they knew to be a Catholic. From that time, Felix began to be the true Pontiff. For although Liberius was not a heretic, nevertheless he was considered one, on account of the peace he made with the Arians, and by that presumption the pontificate could rightly be taken from him”. (25)
Here we have the case of a validly elected Pope being deposed by a “judgment and sentence” of the proper authorities, and a new Pope being elected in his place. This, however, does not support the sedevacantist position, since the action was taken by those had the authority to do so. This in no way implies that individual laymen have the authority to declare a pope to have lost his office due to heresy. It only shows that such measures are possible for the proper authority.
A future Pope or council may posthumously condemn the last several Popes for heresy, as the Third Council of Constantinople did with Pope Honorious I (26). But such actions are the responsibility of the proper ecclesiastical authorities alone. Before any such action is taken, it is the height of presumption and rashness for a laymen, or an individual priest, to usurp the authority that does not belong to them by making judgments and public “declarations” that they have no authority to make.
St. Thomas mentions three instances in which judgment is unlawful. One of the three is called “judgment by usurpation”, and takes place “when a man judges about matters wherein he has no authority”. (27) It is one thing to have a personal opinion about a matter that one has no authority to judge, and quite another to declare one’s personal opinion to be a fact. Such an unjust action is further aggravated when it is then implied that others have an obligation to accept their “declaration”. Such a usurpation of authority is, as St. Thomas teaches, contrary to justice:
St. Thomas: “Wherefore even as it would be unjust for one man to force another to observe a law that was not approved by public authority, so too it is unjust, if a man compels another to submit to a judgment that is pronounced by other than the public authority”. (28)
Even Savonarola, who personally believed Alexander VI was an unbeliever who purchased the Papal office through simony, sought to have a Council make the declaration. He realized that although he personally believed the Pope was not a real Pope, he had no authority to make such a definitive judgment and formal declaration; nor did he imply that others had an obligation to agree with his personal opinion. Neither did he claim that others must withdraw from communion with Alexander VI, lest they be guilty of remaining in union with a “public heretic”. And, as we saw above, in the end Savonarola acknowledged that Alexander was a true Pope, when he knelt at the feet of Bishop Romolino to receive Alevander VI’s Papal Blessing.
Heretic Cannot Be Elected Pope
The last point we will consider is the teaching that a heretic cannot be elected pope. The sedevacantist apologists provide a number of citations to support this position. The following is one such quote:
“Appointment to the office of the Primacy. What is required by divine law for this appointment: The person appointed must be a man who possesses the use of reason, due to the ordination the Primate must receive to possess the power of Holy Orders. This is required for the validity of the appointment. Also required for validity is that the man appointed be a member of the Church. Heretics and apostates (at least public ones) are therefore excluded”. (29)
Citations such as this are not referring to a member of the Church who has lost the Faith, since de internis ecclesia non judica (the Church does not judge internals). They are referring to a man who is a public heretic. So, for example, Pastor Bob of the First Baptist Church of Rome would not be eligible to be elected Pope, since heretics (at least public ones) are not members of the Church. Electing a public heretic as pope would be contrary to divine law, since one who is not a visible member of the Church cannot be its head. But a Cardinal who enters the conclave in good standing with the Church (at least externally), even if he has internally lost the faith, is certainly eligible to be elected Pope. If not, one would never know for sure if the person elected Pope was a true Pope, since neither man nor the Church can judge the internal forum.
To remove any doubt that a man elected by a conclave becomes the true pope, Pius XII issued the following decree which removes any “excommunications, suspension or interdict” that would prevent a candidate from being validly elected.
Pope Pius XII: “None of the Cardinals may, by pretext or reason of any excommunication, suspension, or interdict whatsoever, or of any other ecclesiastical impediment, be excluded from the active and passive election of the Supreme Pontiff”. (30)
Active election refers to the act of electing a pope; passive election refers to the act of being elected. Since the Church does not judge internals, and since faith is not absolutely necessary for Papal office, this decree of Pius XII, which is similar to previous decrees of Pius X, Clement V (1317), Pius IV (1562) and Gregory XV (1621), removes any doubt that a man who is elected by the conclave becomes the true Pope.
Just before our Lord’s Passion, He said to His disciples: “All you shall be scandalized in me this night. For it is written: I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be dispersed”. (Mt. 26:31) According to tradition, the life of the Church will parallel the life of Christ, and at the end experience a passion similar to that of its head. The Church today is following our Lord through His passion. We can even discern a mystical death taking place, in what seems to be a separation of the body and soul of the Church. At the end of our Lord’s Passion, His human soul separation of His body at once, and as such death was instantaneous. But with the Church, the mystical death – separation of body and soul - is extending over a period of time as more and more of its visible members defect interiorly from the Faith.
In such unusual circumstances as this, it is certainly understandable that Catholics would be confused; and it is equally understandable that they would be scandalized by the action and inaction of the recent Popes, who may indeed have lost the Faith. But as we have seen, the loss of faith, in and of itself, does not result in the loss of Papal office. Neither do actions that render a Pope suspect of heresy. And even if a Pope was a manifest heretic (which requires a public warning) there is a two-fold opinion on whether or not he would automatically lose his office, or only be rendered deposable; yet, as we have seen, on the practical level both opinions require a judgment and declaration from the Church. Since none of the recent popes have been given a public warning, and since none have been declared heretics by the proper authorities, they do not qualify as manifest heretics. Therefore, as bad as one may think they have been, they have retained their office.
Before ending, there is one final point that it would be remiss to pass over when considering the question of Sedevacantism. Since our Lord Himself provided us with a criterion by which we should judge, we should not end without considering the fruits that are almost universal in Sedevacantism. The “judgment by usurpation”, which is contrary to both justice and charity, extends beyond private individuals making public “declarations” that the Pope has lost his office, to the status of other Catholics, including their fellow sedevacantists, whom they rashly accuse of being heretics. Such rash judgments by those who have no authority to make such a declaration has resulted in one division after another, to the point where priests from one sedevacantist group now refuse communion to those affiliated with other sedevacantist groups.
There is probably more division between sedevacantists today than there was within Protestantism fifty years after Luther split from the Church. And interestingly, the root cause of such division is the same, namely, private judgment. Whereas Luther and his followers usurped the authority of the magisterium in teaching the Faith, and substituted it with their private interpretation of the Bible, the sedevacantists usurp the authority of the magisterium in interpreting and applying canon law, and replaced it with their private interpretation - again, not only with respect to the Pope, but with Catholic priests and laymen as well. Often, when someone does not accept their personal “declaration” they treat them with the greatest disrespect, often accusing them of being in schism or heresy. They hand down “binding” declarations on everything from baptism of desire and blood, to which of the new Sacraments are valid and which are not, and woe to the person who does not agree.
Some not only refused to attend a Mass in which Benedict XVI’s name is mentioned, but they also refuse to attend Masses offered by sedevacantist priests, since these lack the necessary jurisdiction. Such men are being strangled by the letter of the law, at a time when “the letter killeth” (2 Cor. 3:6). Interestingly, the Machabees fell into a similar error for a time, but death caused them to re-think their position (1 Mach 2:38-41). The Machabees ended by concluding what St. Thomas would teach fourteen centuries later: In the time of necessity there is no law. (31)
Some sedevacantists “decree” with seeming certitude that the New Rite of Ordination for Bishops is absolutely null and utterly void, as though the form for this Sacrament was given in specie (as is the case with baptism and the double consecration at mass), rather than in genere (32) (thereby explaining the difference from one approved Rite to the other); and as if the Church had no power to change the matter or form (33) required for validity, when such has been established by the will of the Church (34), rather than directly by Christ.
They hand down rash declarations they have no authority to make, and often condemn those who do not share their opinion. Using the same criteria, namely private judgment, some go so far as to declare that Pius IX (d. 1878) was the last true pope, and claim that all popes since Leo XIII have been antipopes! Each believes his personal opinion is correct and must be accepted by all, yet their differing opinions result in continual divisions. And it is worth noting that these rotten fruits are usually not found in the Traditional Orders in union with Rome.
As a parting thought I will end with this: For those Traditional Catholics who have been scandalized by the Passion and near death of the Church, and by the action of the recent popes who seem to be follow the example of St. Peter’s during our Lord’s Passion (Mt. 26:74); for those whose eyes gloss over when reading theological arguments with seemingly endless distinctions and categories, and who are still not sure what to think about Sedevacantistm. To those I offer the following advice: Apply the divinely inspired criterion given by our Lord Himself, and judge the sedevacantist tree by its “thorns” and its “thistles” (Mt. 7:16), and by its rotten and bitter fruits.
May the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary, guide us all safely through the present tempest, and may the light of the Holy Ghost lead us along the straight and narrow path, not permitting us to deviate from the truth, either to the left, or to the right. Amen
Postscript: There are other arguments put forth in defense of the sedevacantist position, such as issues related to Papal Infallibility, universal disciplines, the 1983 code of canon law, and the Novus Ordo Missae. Space did not permit a consideration of these points; nor did they necessarily fall within the scope of the present thesis. A future article may appear in which these additional points are addressed.
19) St. Thomas: “For it is the speculative intellect which directs what it apprehends, not to operation, but to the consideration of truth; while the practical intellect is that which directs what it apprehends to operation”.
20) Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, 1895
21) St. Francis de Sales , The Catholic Controversy, pg 306
22) S.T. Pt II-II, Q 60, A 6
23) John of St. Thomas, Disp. II, art III 26
24) Victim of the Borgia Pope: Jerome Savonarola, pg. 106
26) Council of Constantinople: There shall be expelled from the holy Church of God and anathematized: Honorius who was some time Pope of Old Rome, because of what we found written by him to Sergius, that in all respects he followed his view and confirmed his impious doctrines…To Honorius, the heretic, anathema!
27) S.T. Pt. II-II, Q 60, A. 2
28) ibid. A. 6
29) Institutiones Iuris Canonici, 1950
30) Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis, 1945
31) S.T. Pt I-II, Q 96, A.6
33) Catholic Encyclopedia: Granting that Christ immediately instituted all the sacraments, it does not necessarily follow that personally He determined all the details… prescribing minutely every iota relating to the matter and the form to be used. … For some sacraments (e.g. Baptism, the Eucharist) He determined minutely (in specie) the matter and form: for others He determined only in a general way (in genere) that there should be an external ceremony, by which special graces were to be conferred, leaving to the Apostles or to the Church the power to determine whatever He had not determined, e.g. to prescribe the matter and form of the Sacraments of Confirmation and Holy Orders. (…) This … can solve historical difficulties relating, principally, to Confirmation and Holy Orders.
33) “The question immediately arises as to what belongs to the substance of a particular Sacrament, and the answer will depend upon whether Our Lord instituted it generically (in genere) or specifically (in specie). … With regard to the form [given in genere] of a Sacrament, some Catholics have mistakenly identified the form itself with a particular formula employed by the Church to express it, and have concluded that this formula cannot be changed without invalidating the Sacrament. Hence they have fallen into the error of believing that the Church has no power to make changes in the matter and form of any Sacrament, having mistakenly identified the matter and form in current usage with the substance of the Sacraments themselves, which Trent taught could not be changed” (The Order of Melchisedech).
34) Pius XII: “the traditio instrumentorum is not required for the substance and validity of this Sacrament by the will of Our Lord Jesus Christ Himself. If it was at one time necessary even for validity by the will and command of the Church, everyone knows that the Church has the power to change and abrogate what she herself has established (Sacramentum Ordinis).
Another I can remember was Stephen Hand.
Yes, although he did retract, which was unique. Others I remembered after posting were Richard Caggiano and Art Sippo. Jim Larrabee once asked, rhetorically, if there was a factory somewhere punching these characters out. Very often they don't appear to be real persons. They pop up, perform a drive-by shooting, and disappear, often forever.
Thanks for posting that. It appears to be a somewhat refined version of the one I received in Word format.
I really don't think there's anything there which hasn't been thoroughly answered before. One thing which really is striking, however, as I scroll down the page reviewing the materials used to construct this article: The texts and references are mostly from here, and Siscoe has learned our theology (i.e. the theology of St. Robert and Monsignor Fenton). There's something very pleasing about the fact that The Angelus is publishing such materials and such theology. The remaining step is for him, and those at The Angelus, to ponder what it all really means.
The first thing that ought to be exercising their Christian minds is the location of this perfectly visibly united Church which excludes heretics, if Ratzinger is pope.
"Thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."
Why will the gates of hell not prevail? Because the Church is a visible unity of faith and charity, the principle and foundation of which is the Successor of Peter, who preaches the true faith and governs and disciplines the faithful in accord with it. The gates of hell will not prevail against the Church because of the papacy, because the pope is there continually teaching her and correcting her. Since the gates of hell prevail daily against the Conciliar church, it evidently is not founded upon the rock which is Peter. It is precisely that rock which is missing. The effect of dissolution follows because the cause of visible unity is absent, and indeed, a cause of disunity is present.
What does St. Paul predict? Exactly what we're witnessing.
Let no man deceive you by any means, for unless there come a revolt first, and the man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition, Who opposeth, and is lifted up above all that is called God, or that is worshipped, so that he sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself as if he were God. Remember you not, that when I was yet with you, I told you these things?
And now you know what withholdeth [i.e. the pope], that he [Antichrist] may be revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity already worketh; only that he who now holdeth [i.e. the pope], do hold, until he be taken out of the way. And then that wicked one shall be revealed whom the Lord Jesus shall kill with the spirit of his mouth; and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming, him, Whose coming is according to the working of Satan, in all power, and signs, and lying wonders, And in all seduction of iniquity to them that perish; because they receive not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. Therefore God shall send them the operation of error [i.e. the addiction to Novus Ordo error and heresy], to believe lying: That all may be judged who have not believed the truth, but have consented to iniquity.
Antichrist and the entire revolt cannot come until the pope be taken out of the way, precisely because he holds or stands firm, supporting the rest of the Church. With the pope out of the way now for fifty years, the world is able to be prepared for the coming of the evil one. Look around.
OK. Makes sense. I get so tired of these sorts.
Is he, now?! Many of his arguments against sedevacantism which were printed in the Catholic Family News used arguments which were essentially protestant in origin. For one thing, he used arguments identical to those which were used by the opponents of Papal Infallibility at Vatican Council I (one). I would have thought that he knew better. Apparently, I was wrong. All he is is what we Americans call a "Philadelphia Lawyer". Such folks were never looked upon with much respect in the 19th century. Such an one was only a step or two above "Shyster".
This may or may not shed some light of the mind of RJS:
RJS on CI very recently wrote:
A sedevacantist who detests John Paul II and Benedict XVi, may well end up in hell along side of them if he separates himself from the Church, since outside the Church there is no salvation, and the Church exists today just as it did prior to the council. The difference is the condition, not the being itself.
Just as a man dying of Aids is the same man that existed prior to being infected, so too the Church today is the same Church that existed prior to Vatican II. The difference is that today the Church is in the condition of an Aids victim on his last breath. It is just about dead, but like our Lord, it will rise again.
If you leave the Church, or declare it to have become a false Church, you separate yourself from the mystical body of Christ and will get to spend eternity in hell.
On the other hand, if you realize the sick situation of the Church, avoid the heretics within, and leave it to the proper authorities to sort everything out in God's times, you will not risk eternal damnation for separating yourself from the Church.
Now here he is about 6 years ago when, if I'm not mistaken, he considered joining here to debate his positions. I think the Forum was closed before he had a chance, but anyway, here he is in a discussion I had with him:
RJS in 2007 wrote:
Think about this: Do you or I really think God will be angry with us if we suspend judgment on the situation of the seemingly heretical Popes?
I think prudence would require that we hold them suspect of heresy and be cautious with regard to them, but going further and declaring them to have lost their office through the crime of heresy, when none of the Cardinals have done so, seems presumptuous and potentially dangerous to me. One of the dangers, and this is what I told Gerry Matatics, is that by taking the firm position that the Pope is an anti-Pope and that the Conciliar Church is the Whore of Babylon is that you will not want the Church to improve. In fact, any improvement will be viewed as a trick to draw in the unwary. Therefore, the person will actually be against the Church, and desirous that it falls. That is one psychological effect that Sedevacantism will produce. On the contrary, if you suspend judgment you will not fall into that mentality. You will then be able to appreciate any good (such as Summorum Pontificum), rather than considering every good merely a trick to bring those with the faith into the false fold. I think it is best not to make a firm conclusion with respect to the Pope. Maybe he did lose his office through heresy, but I personally don't think I have enough information to draw that conclusion.
Is he, now?! Many of his arguments against sedevacantism which were printed in the Catholic Family News used arguments which were essentially protestant in origin.
Ken, I agree! His arguments were terrible. I meant that he was not only known for his bad arguments against sedevacantism. He was known for his work with Fr. Gruner and on the history of Fatima, etc. The thing about most of the others is that they are utterly unknown for anything except their production of bad arguments against sedevacantism.
Strange. One would think that we would be excused on precisely the same grounds that Siscoe excuses the heretics in the Vatican.
I'd just like to repeat my criticism of the following, to ensure it is clear:
This does my head in. It's the learned and the ignorant on the other side who have appeared, for the twenty years I've been discussing this subject actively with fellow traditional Catholics, to be dangerously unaware of the visible unity of the Church. It is quite true that there are many sedevacantists who are unclear on the difference between the internal and external unity of the Church, but their error on this point has no bearing on their sedevacantism. That is, not one of them is a sedevacantist because he thinks that Paul VI was an occult heretic. Merely to express the problem in that way is to recognise its absurdity.
The same ignorance, however, on the part of traditionalist sedeplenists, is most certainly at the root of their sedeplenism. They imagine that the Church can be a visible disunity of faith; that is, that the Church can be composed of men who openly practice a false religion, as well as those who openly practice the true one. In their case theological ignorance provides the soil for a monstrous theory of the crisis. The average sedeplenist trad thinks it does not matter, insofar as membership in the Church goes, what beliefs a man professes, just as long as he hasn't been excommunicated by name and declared to be a non-Catholic. That idea is arguably heretical; it's certainly erroneous.
How weird is it, then, to find this very issue thrown at sedevacantists as something we need to consider?
More importantly, what possible bearing does this point have on the case presented in the article itself? I cannot see that it bears on the issues argued. We freely grant that only public heresy can safely be treated as resulting in the automatic loss of ecclesiastical offices. We've been saying it for many, many, years. Siscoe's difference with us is actually confined to the question of what precisely constitutes "public" heresy. (In fact, he doesn't know, and cites no authorities at all in order to define the term. Right at the point when he ought to define it, he shifts subjects and starts asserting that even public heresy may not result in the automatic loss of offices, contrary to the explicit terms of the Code). However that may be, neither side is in any doubt that occult heresy doesn't result in loss of membership in the Church, and therefore cannot result in the loss of ecclesiastical offices. We differ only over how to define "public" (i.e. sedevacantists quote the Code, and Siscoe doesn't).
So, I repeat, the comment about sedevacantists made by Siscoe in the quote above is absolutely beside the point, not merely of sedevacantism itself, but of his own article.
formal heresy in the external forum is declared heresy – either declared by the proper authorities, or else “declared” by the individual himself who becomes a notorious and publicly manifest heretic
It is quite true that formal external heresy is "declared by the proper authorities, or else 'declared' by the individual himself." But Siscoe is unclear on what these terms mean. The terms "public" and "notorious" are defined in the Code of Canon Law. Why is Siscoe unwilling to use the definitions there provided? Why does he confuse the meaning of the terms by combining them into one expression ("notorious and publicly manifest")? Notorious, public, and manifest are all terms with sufficiently clear definitions. Why not just refer to the relevant authorities and adopt their definitions?
Yet this would be erroneous reasoning since the loss of faith in and of itself (which is not equivalent to formal heresy in the external forum) does not result in the loss of office; nor does it prevent a man from being validly elected pope since de internis ecclesia non judica (the Church does not judge internals).
The bolded point here is wrong. The loss of faith in itself does not render a man incapable of being elected, true. The Church does not judge what remains internal, also true. However, these two truths are unrelated.
The reason is quite a different one - it is simply that an occult heretic remains a member of the Church, and it is the loss of membership which results in the radical incapacity for receiving or maintaining an office in the Church.
Siscoe has, for reasons left unexplained, chosen Suarez to be his guide in questions of ecclesiology.
In the following quote, the great Jesuit Suarez explains...
Suarez is not an authority on these questions, his contemporary - the greater Jesuit Bellarmine is, and he has been declared a Doctor of the Universal Church. Why not follow his doctrine? Why not adopt the doctrine of the man that Pius XII followed in writing his encyclical on ecclesiology, Mystici Corporis Christi?
Can Siscoe give a good reason for his choice of master?
This is pernicious:
The 1917 code of canon law teaches that to knowingly and willingly assist in the propagation of heresy (canon 2316), or to actively assist at sacred functions of non-Catholics (ibid.) only renders a man suspect of heresy.
ONLY? No, the Code lays down that certain actions automatically render a person suspect of heresy. These actions are not in themselves ones which are unambiguous. Each of them is horrible and criminal, but may not indicate actual heresy in the soul of the culprit. Therefore, in perfect reason and justice, the Church legislates that these actions render a man suspect of heresy. So concerned is she to protect God's honour, that she labels EVEN those actions as criminal and resulting automatically in the status "Suspect of heresy".
Siscoe thinks that these actions are equivalent to, oh, let's say, publishing a new rite of mass which informed and faithful Catholics would DIE before assisting at, or publishing a law which permits the Holy Eucharist to be given to notorious non-Catholics. They are not equivalent. Nor are they equivalent to preaching heresy, like, oh, universal salvation, just as a random example. It's one thing to be involved in the promotion of heresy (think, a publisher who agrees to publish a condemned work); it is another thing entirely to invent one's own heresy and preach it urbi et orbi.
Siscoe also has little understanding of what warnings are actually required. He begins by asserting that St. Robert requires two warnings before a heretic can be considered to be truly a manifest heretic. That is not what St. Robert says, and it is not what he thinks.
The other way, according to St. Robert Bellarmine, would be for the man to remain manifestly obstinate after two warnings. Only then would pertinacity be demonstrated in the external form, thereby rendering him a manifest heretic.
Bellarmine: “The fourth opinion is that of Cajetan, for whom the manifestly heretical Pope is not “ipso facto” deposed, but can and must be deposed by the Church. To my judgment, this opinion cannot be defended. For, in the first place, it is proven with arguments from authority, and from reason, that the manifest heretic is “ipso facto” deposed. The argument from authority is based on Saint Paul, who orders that the heretic be avoided after two warnings, that is, after showing himself to be manifestly obstinate – which means before any excommunication or judicial sentence”.
As can be seen, St. Robert merely refers to the text of St. Paul on warnings. He doesn't assert that two are required in every case. Instead, his true view is apparent from what he says immediately after, when he characterises the requirement as "that is, after showing himself to be manifestly obstinate." That's the essential thing, and a warning or two is immensely helpful in reaching that security of judgement - but not always necessary.
Siscoe fails to notice that his next authority, Ballerini, contradicts his own false notion.
For the person, who admonished once or twice, does not repent, but continues pertinacious in an opinion contrary to a manifest or public dogma - not being able, on account of this public pertinacity to be excused, by any means, of heresy properly so called, which requires pertinacity - this person declares himself openly a heretic.
Warned once OR twice?
Ballerini and Bellarmine agree. It's Siscoe who is out on his own. Which is curious, because another authority Siscoe relies upon (also cribbed from the Aquinas Site) Da Silveira, has the following to say, in the very article relied upon by Siscoe:
This statement, I think, is the absolute crux of the position of men like RJS: to them, the Conciliar Church IS the Catholic Church. He conflates the two repeatedly. I will show this same thinking in another of his statements below.
We who hold that these latest usurpers of the Holy See, the leaders of this Conciliar Church are, in fact, anti-popes, for any number of valid reasons, believe most emphatically that the Conciliar Church, the Novus Ordo, is not and has never been the True Church of Christ, the Mystical Body of Christ, the Spotless Bride of Christ, and further, absolutely cannot be such.
We believe the words of Christ that the gates of Hell will never prevail against Her, yet it is obvious to the most casual observer that the gates of Hell have, most clearly, prevailed against the Novus Ordo, since out of it has come false teachings, aberrations of every kind, most un-Catholic things in both doctrine and worship. Therefore, on that basis alone, the Novus Ordo cannot possibly be the Catholic Church.
Therefore, She must reside elsewhere.
Here is his earlier statement that reinforces my contention:
One of the dangers, and this is what I told Gerry Matatics, is that by taking the firm position that the Pope is an anti-Pope and that the Conciliar Church is the Whore of Babylon is that you will not want the Church to improve.
What?!? Can the True Church "improve"? How? Again, he automatically conflates the True Church of Christ with the abomination of the Conciliar Church. This is, clearly, the most egregious flaw in his thinking.
In fact, any improvement will be viewed as a trick to draw in the unwary. Therefore, the person will actually be against the Church,
Again...
It is obvious that folks like RJS cannot see the distinction between the True Church of Christ, and this abomination from Hell, the Novus Ordo/Conciliar Church. They are not, and never will be, the same. Although God can certainly draw good out of even the worst evil, I cannot see, in my wildest imaginings, how this Satanic Victory, the Novus Ordo, could ever become the Catholic Church. The True Church of Christ, the Catholic Church, exists, and always will exist, outside of and distinct from the Novus Ordo, and never the twain shall meet.
This appears to summarise Siscoe's case:
A man who inculcates heresy in countless followers by public statements and actions, has "openly left the Church" - he is openly leading others out of the Church.
Or would Siscoe claim that a man who openly leads countless souls into heresy and out of the Church is himself still in the Church?
Further, all of these men have been "publicly warned." It is true that they have not been warned by an imperfect general council, but let's consider what categories of men have indeed put them on notice in public.
1. Cardinals Ottaviani and Bacci told Montini that his new "mass" was unorthodox and dangerous to the faithful. "[T]he Novus Ordo represents, both as a whole and in its details, a striking departure from the Catholic theology of the Mass as it was formulated in Session XXII of the Council of Trent. The 'canons' of the rite definitively fixed at that time provided an insurmountable barrier to any heresy directed against the integrity of the Mystery." The New Mass violates the canons of Trent, erected against heresy.
2. Archbishop Lefebvre and many other senior bishops at Vatican II declared on the floor of the Council that the new doctrines were false and opposed to Christian doctrine, and that if adopted they would destroy the Church. The results bore these predictions out.
3. Priests such as the Abbe de Nantes, who compiled a massive "Book of Accusations Against Paul VI" ensured that if the latter had been in any doubt that he was opposed to the Catholic Church, he would have no excuse from 1973 onwards, when Abbe de Nantes issued his work accusing him of "heresy, schism, and scandal".
4. Laymen such as Tito Cassini in Italy, or Patrick Henry Omlor in the USA, who wrote scathing criticism of the liturgical and doctrinal reforms in public print. There are too many in this category to list, as we all know.
What is the purpose of a warning, canonical or extra-canonical? To test whether the culprit knows that his ideas are incompatible with Christian doctrine. Is it truly possible that Montini, Wojtyla, and Ratzinger, have each been unaware that their heresies are incompatible with the doctrine of the Catholic Church? Is not the question necessarily rhetorical?
This statement, I think, is the absolute crux of the position of men like RJS: to them, the Conciliar Church IS the Catholic Church. He conflates the two repeatedly.
I agree, that seems to be behind his determination on this matter. It really does go to the heart of the mysterious nature of what's happened, however, does it not?
Look at it from this perspective: what entity did Paul VI damage? The Catholic Church.
Or this: is a priest who says the New Mass solely because he believes that he is bound to do so by the highest authority within the Catholic Church, still a member of the Church?
So this non-Catholic worship was being offered by countless Catholic priests, daily! And, even more disturbing, the vast bulk of Catholic priests - indeed, there were only a few exceptions - offered false worship instead of true, for years after 1969.
According to Da Silviera, Bouix's opinion was held only by himself. His opinion is therefore properly described as "singular" or "unique." How does Siscoe characterise it?
While this is only a minority opinion, the following teaching of the French canonist Bouix is worth citing.
Although the above citation represents a minority opinion...
Since when does an individual constitute "a minority"?
The best that can be said about Bouix's opinion is that it was not actually condemned by the Church. In all likelihood the reason for this was precisely that since nobody else adopted it, there was no need to condemn it. The error was still-born.
Siscoe seems unaware of the fact that certitude and authority are quite distinct notions. This seems to me to have once been a rampantly popular misconception which has become less so over the years as these matters have been debated and discussed on the Internet and elsewhere. It's surprising to see it pop up in such a blatant form today.
Authority is only required to bind others.
Since none of us has any authority, we cannot bind others. Caminus recently posted the relevant explanation of St. Thomas:
"Since judgment should be pronounced according to the written law, as stated above (Article 5), he that pronounces judgment, interprets, in a way, the letter of the law, by applying it to some particular case. Now since it belongs to the same authority to interpret and to make a law, just as a law cannot be made save by public authority, so neither can a judgment be pronounced except by public authority, which extends over those who are subject to the community. Wherefore even as it would be unjust for one man to force another to observe a law that was not approved by public authority, so too it is unjust, if a man compels another to submit to a judgment that is pronounced by other than the public authority." S.T., II-II, Q. 60, A. 6.
For St. Thomas, there is nothing wrong with a man forming his own judgement. Indeed, the Angelic Doctor gives the rules for making such judgements. The injustice arises from any attempt to impose one's own judgements on others over whom one has no authority.
The possibility of certitude is not confined to those who have authority.
But if the anti-sedevacantist writers are convinced that certitude is confined to those who have authority, then why are they themselves writing articles and publishing them? They have no authority: Are they not unsure about their views? And since they must, on their own principles, be uncertain about their own convictions, why are they not less dogmatic in their expression of them?
Siscoe relies upon uncertain interpretations of his key sources. This renders his case very unstable.
Smith was writing before the Code, which adopted explicitly the principle of Cum ex apostolatus that public heresy results in ipso facto loss of office without the need of any declaration. If the law had become enshrouded in uncertainty in 1895, it was certainly clarified in 1917.
When Smith adds, "the question is hypothetical rather than practical," he may merely be saying what Bellarmine himself said, which is that he holds that no pope can or ever will disappear into heresy, so that the question of what would happen if a pope did disappear into heresy is purely hypothetical.
The real issue is that one simply cannot rely upon brief, catechism-style sound-bite texts in order to build an understanding of such questions. What Smith offers here is not even clear, it's ambiguous. The same problem is apparent with the brief excerpt from St. Francis de Sales. Nothing can be built upon such texts. What is required in order to form proper views is to study ex professo treatments of the relevant points. That is what Bellarmine, Suarez, Torquemada, Ballerini, and others offer. Relying upon Smith's little quote is a mark of desperation.
Siscoe puts quite a bit of effort into proving that sedevacantists cannot bind others to our views.
That is somewhat unclear, but the following is much better:
Even Savonarola, who personally believed Alexander VI was an unbeliever who purchased the Papal office through simony, sought to have a Council make the declaration. He realized that although he personally believed the Pope was not a real Pope, he had no authority to make such a definitive judgment and formal declaration; nor did he imply that others had an obligation to agree with his personal opinion. Neither did he claim that others must withdraw from communion with Alexander VI, lest they be guilty of remaining in union with a “public heretic”.
I happen to agree with Siscoe on all of this, if it is understood correctly. Siscoe is here arguing not against sedevacantism, but against dogmatic sedevacantism. The "follow me or die" folks. In other words, whatever merit his points may have, they are entirely beside the point of whether or not Ratzinger is the pope. This is another entire section of his article which would be better edited out and saved for a different essay. It serves only to suggest that all, or most, sedevacantists are of the dogmatic variety, when this is not factual.
And late in the article, another example of the straw man argument.
“Appointment to the office of the Primacy. What is required by divine law for this appointment: The person appointed must be a man who possesses the use of reason, due to the ordination the Primate must receive to possess the power of Holy Orders. This is required for the validity of the appointment. Also required for validity is that the man appointed be a member of the Church. Heretics and apostates (at least public ones) are therefore excluded”.
That quote, translated from the Latin of Coronata by Fr. Cekada, is indeed a favourite of sedevacantists. Now, given that it explicitly expresses what I have bolded, it is simply stunning to see what Siscoe does with it. He proceeds immediately after this to explain in great detail that occult heretics would not be ineligible for election to the papacy!
But a Cardinal who enters the conclave in good standing with the Church (at least externally), even if he has internally lost the faith, is certainly eligible to be elected Pope.
Against whom is this point meant to be being made? Surely not against those who use the quote from Coronata above?
And a note of warning: Approved writers very often do not qualify "heretics and schismatics" with "public" or "manifest" when discussing these questions. This does not meant that they are confused about the issue. Indeed, the matter was so clear to all that qualifications were omitted as unnecessary. Nobody thought that occult heresy resulted in the incapacity for a man to hold an office.
Siscoe's final point is to assert that sedevacantism produces disunity. I suppose he is contrasting the sedevacantist world (one with which he evidently isn't familiar) with the peace and unity in all essentials that subsists between Ratzinger with his new mass and new religion, his 20 decade rosary, his fifteen station Stations, his praise of the Pentecostal nutters, etc., on the one side, and the traditional Catholic milieu on the other.
My observation (my, ahem, judgement), is that there is no real unity there, merely a verbal expression of unity which is given the lie by every act of religion of all parties.
I'm also convinced that I personally live in very close unity of religion with my fellow non-dogmatic sedevacantists (i.e. most sedevacantists), and with the members of the SSPX, for example. I think it would be not merely impossible, but it would look absurd to try, to show that there is any real disunity in religion between us. We share what the theologians call the same sacrifice, the same sacraments, the same profession of faith, and we obey the same laws. We are united in faith and charity, the two bonds of external unity in the Catholic Church.
The one thing which might rupture that unity to some degree, is works like Siscoe's, the motive for which is absolutely unclear. But whatever the motive, it can do no good except by accident.
So, what has Siscoe proved?
Not much, except that there exists a class of cases which are too unclear for anybody to judge without the intervention of authority, which all knew prior to now, and which has already been better explained and proved by others.
This class of cases may be large or small. That is, it may be that the vast majority of heresy cases cannot be judged by anybody but the culprit's bishop, or the Holy Office. If so, and I have no brief either way, this is irrelevant to the question at issue. Nobody, I repeat, disputes that there exist at least some cases that cannot be judged by an informed layman or a cleric without jurisdiction. The question of the post-Vatican II popes is whether or not their cases fit within that category, or whether they are indeed sufficiently clear for at least some men to form a certain judgement about them.
In other words, is it reasonable and lawful for men to form a judgement that Ratzinger is not pope, today, February 27, 2013, rather than to wait until tomorrow, when presumably all will agree that he isn't pope?
The answer can only be "yes". All of the ink spilled by so many anti-sedevacantists in the attempt to place outside of the realm lawfulness and sound doctrine, the private judgement that these heretics have not truly been popes, has failed to achieve the purpose. Our position is lawful, and reasonable, and Catholic. Archbishop Lefebvre granted all of this, and openly speculated that he might adopt our view himself. All of the senior SSPX figures that I have known, with the sole exception of Fr. Schmidberger, readily grant the same point. But the anti-sedevacantists won't be taught by Archbishop Lefebvre any more than they will be taught by St. Robert Bellarmine or by the Code of Canon Law. They have their own fears to suppress, and writing articles is their therapy.
And that is why I had not read Siscoe's article before being asked to do so a few days ago, and why I wrote it off after reading only the first two pages. It's clear that there's nothing new there, and without something new, we already know that the anti-sedevacantist position is bankrupt. Anti-sedevacantism doesn't exist because scholars have made a careful study of the relevant sources and found that it would be unlawful to do what sedevacantists do. Anti-sedevacantism exists because of emotion. The arguments are scrabbled together after the fact. Having been pressed to provide a refutation, I have now been through the entire essay. There was, as expected, nothing behind the smoke and mirrors. I'm sorry, Mr. Siscoe.
At some point in the not too distant future I expect that the real debate will occur in a rational and cool atmosphere. That is, the debate about whether the sedevacantists are right. Not, I emphasise, whether the sedevacantists are criminals, or idiots, or fools, or liars, but whether these Catholics who love the Church have made a right or a wrong judgement of fact in these specific cases: the cases of Paul VI, John Paul II, and Benedict XVI. And that's the only legitimate debate on this subject matter. All the rest is obfuscation or confusion.
At the same time, what is really a more fundamental discussion needs to be had, and that is the one that Ken and I touched upon above. That is, what exactly is "the Conciliar Church" and where precisely is the Catholic Church? My essay, Archbishop Lefebvre and the Conciliar Church ( http://strobertbellarmine.net/Archbisho ... Church.pdf ) is an attempt to seed that discussion. I suspect that a significant amount of the heat and fear that the discussion of the sede vacante position currently generates would dissipate if there was greater clarity about the more fundamental questions.
On the positive side, something quite remarkable has occurred, and that is that the theology which underpins the sede vacante position, that is, the doctrinal complex which includes the visible unity of the Church, the nature of membership in the Church, and the related points of theology and law, is now being published by The Angelus. The contrast between the Fr. Boulet booklet, filled as it is with crass theological error, and Siscoe's essay, is stark. Siscoe has actually learned something about what the Church teaches. His attendant errors cannot wipe that reality away. It is certainly a happy day when The Angelus publishes St. Robert Bellarmine's comments about Pope Liberius instead of repeating Gallican lies from before the Vatican Council of 1870!
In my opinion, such an one is absolutely still a member of the Church! He is simply mistaken. As Hutton Gibson so aptly remarked on a DVD we own, "The devil used our virtue of obedience against us..."
Yes. As you say, it is a great mystery. Even so, we must do what, in conscience, we believe to be right.
However, I have one other thing that I must mention: those of us who have, for whatever God's reasons might be, have been given the grace to see and recognize the truth, must, in turn, recognize that we have received such graces from God and thank Him repeatedly for those, and beg Him to never taken them away from us.
Smith’s statement is not difficult to understand. He is giving the two opinions with respect to a pope who falls into public heresy. One opinion holds that he is divested of the office ipso facto (that of St. Bellarmine), and the other holds that he is removable (that of Suraez). As he said, “both opinions agree that he must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals”.
St. Francis De Sales alludes to the same two opinions in the other quote that was cited:
"We do not say that the Pope cannot err in his private opinions, as did John XXII; or be altogether a heretic, as perhaps Honorius was. Now when he is explicitly a heretic he falls ipso facto from his dignity and out of the Church, and the Church must either deprive him, or as some say, declare him deprived, of his Apostolic See, and must say as St. Peter did: Let another take his bishopric - Acts 1 (St. Francis de Sales, Doctor of the Church).
Notice he says that “the Church must deprive him (Suarez opinion), or declare him to be deprived (since he lost the office ipso facto)" (not individual laymen), since whichever position one hold, as canon Smith taught, “both opinions agree that he must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals”.
If you disagree with this teaching of the canonist Smith and St. Francis de Sales, please provide an authoritative quote that agrees with your personal opinion, namely, that an individual laymen is permitted to judge the guilt of the man elected pope, and then proclaim publicly that the pope has ceased to be pope.
Here’s my authoritative quote saying that it is not left to the private opinion of an individual laymen, but instead to the judgment of the Church:
John of St. Thomas: “St. Jerome - in saying that a heretic departs on his own from the Body of Christ - does not preclude the Church's judgment, especially in so grave a matter as is the deposition of a pope. He refers instead to the nature of that crime, which is such as to cut someone off from the Church on its own and without other censure in addition to it - yet only so long as it should be declared by the Church... So long as he has not become declared to us juridically as an infidel or heretic, be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment, he remains as far as we are concerned a member of the Church and consequently its head. Judgment is required by the Church. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned".
If you have an authoritative quote saying that an individual layman is permitted to judge for himself that one who has been elected pope by the proper authorities has lost his office due to heresy, and that this individual laymen is then permitted to declare publicly that the man is no longer pope, please provide the quote. And please, not your private interpretation of canon law, since you are not a canon lawyer, but an authoritative quote supporting your private interpretation of canon law. Surely, if your private interpretation is correct, you will be able to find a canonist who will support it.
I believe you are misinterpreting what is being said here: For instance, what does the phrase "...does not preclude..." indicate to you? This says to me that saying an heretic departs on his own from the Body of Christ is absolutely true on its own, and that that very fact does not PREVENT the Church from declaring him excommunicate following this.
Secondly, when you intalicize the following "...yet only so long as it...". In this sentence, I read the "it" as referring to the heresy in question, not to the state of the heretic or the censure. You are obviously reading it otherwise.
Again, John of St. Thomas is obviously referring to so-called "occult heretics", not to public and manifest heretics, as Montini, Woytja, and Ratzinger have repeatedly proven themselves to be.
And if you say that you cannot recognize heresy or an heretic without a formal condemnation by the Church, then why do you call yourself a Catholic?
If the first part of the quote is not clear to you, all you have to do is read the second part, which says this: “So long as he has not become declared to us juridically as an infidel or heretic, be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment, he remains as far as we are concerned a member of the Church and consequently its head. Judgment is required by the Church. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned.
And why would you say he is “obviously referring to an occult heretic”, when he explicitly says “be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment?” His point, as he said, is that a ”judgment is required by the Church”. That is the same point Canon Smith made. Regardless of how “manifestly heretical” an individual laymen thinks a pope is, the judgment must be made by the proper authorities – “it is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned” (John of St. Thomas).
What John of St. Thomas is saying exactly what I have been saying, namely, that a judgment of guilt must be made by the Church in order for the pope to be considered not the pope - even if one holds that the office is lost ipso facto when one falls into heresy.
Sure, I can spot heresy if a statement is clearly heretical. But the fact that I spot a heresy does not mean that the person who made the heretical statement automatically loses his office if he is a Bishop or Pope. If you disagree my position on this point, please explain why Archbishop Darboy (example cited in the in the above article) did not automatically lose his office after making his heretical public statement, but instead was treated as a Bishop in good standing by Pope Pius IX. Would you accuse Pius IX of being unable to spot a heresy? Would you ask Pius IX why he called himself a Catholic? And Pius IX was not a merely laymen like myself; he was the Pope, whose job is was to defend the Faith.
Smith’s statement is not difficult to understand.
Perhaps I misunderstood your original article, which uses various terms which indicate the distinction between a judgement of the speculative intellect (i.e. what is true) and a judgement of the practical intellect (i.e. what is to be done). Here's what I'm referring to:
What did "hypothetical" mean in that passage, if not "speculative" or "theoretical"? "[A] hypothetical question, and as such is the object of the speculative intellect..." surely indicates the distinction known to all educated men, between what is true and what is to be done.
Your case is built upon allusions like this. You need either to admit that you follow Cajetan and co., which is fine, or that you don't have any decent texts to support whatever it is you are saying which differs from Cajetan and co. But you won't convince anybody by building your case on little scraps like this.
Cum ex apostolatus officio is sufficiently explicit, even for you, I would think.
any and all persons who would have been subject to those thus promoted or elevated if they had not previously deviated from the Faith, become heretics, incurred schism or provoked or committed any or all of these, be they members of anysoever of the following categories:
(ii) the laity;
(iii) the Cardinals...
(iv) Castellans, Prefects, Captains and Officials, even of Our Beloved City and of the entire Ecclesiastical State...;
shall be permitted at any time to withdraw with impunity from obedience and devotion to those thus promoted or elevated and to avoid them as warlocks, heathens, publicans, and heresiarchs
But the Code is certainly explicit, and so is Bellarmine, and Wernz-Vidal, and all the rest. You just don't like what the texts say. "Without any declaration" ties you in knots. You think, "Oh my, that would result in chaos! They must mean, WITH a declaration, yes, they must mean that, yes, they DO mean that, ah yes, I see clearly now, that is what they really mean, and here's some pre-Code writers saying that this is how it ought to be." Cue John of St. Thomas et al.
Yes, we're all aware of John of St. Thomas's opinion. He disagreed with Bellarmine. This is not news. We quote Bellarmine, you quote John of St. Thomas and Suarez (borrowing their texts from works published by us), which is fine. As I said above, you really ought to explain why you choose these lesser theologians and their minority opinion, if you wish to gain any credibility with those of us who follow Bellarmine, but that's your choice. I suspect you're happy preaching to the sedeplenist choir, however, and you don't seriously think you'll convince any of us. We're not open to switching opinions from those of the Doctors of the Church and the Code, to the lesser theologians.
And please, not your private interpretation of canon law, since you are not a canon lawyer, but an authoritative quote supporting your private interpretation of canon law. Surely, if your private interpretation is correct, you will be able to find a canonist who will support it.
That's funny! You make up your own doctrine, deny the explicit wording of the Code, and then demand that others find an authority for their position? You are not taking any of this seriously.
The Code says (CIC 188, §4): "By tacit resignation, accepted by the law itself, all offices become vacant ipso facto and without any declaration if a cleric... publicly defects from the Catholic Faith."
Do you accept this law? Do you accept this doctrine? If so, why do you insist on adhering to pre-Code opinions which, even if they were right then (which they certainly were not), have been superseded by the Code?
Why do you deliberately confuse the degree of publicity required for a man to lose his office by heresy? Why write the meaningless (i.e. meaningless after the Code) combination, "notorious and publicly manifest" instead of "manifest" or "public"? It's obvious why - you don't like the doctrine of the Code, you think it will result in chaos in the Church. (You prefer the peace and order that resulted from obedience to Paul VI???).
What does the Code mean by "public"?
CIC 2197: "A crime is... Public, if it is already commonly known or the circumstances are such as to lead to the conclusion that it can and will easily become so."
Woywod teaches, "The Code calls an offense public when knowledge of it has been spread among the people (divulgatum), or when it was committed under circumstances which make it practically impossible to keep the offense secret."
And Ayrinhac teaches the same thing. "A delict is public when it is already known to the people of a community or, considering the circumstances of place and persons, will surely be divulged. The original witnesses may have been few, but if they are talkative, the fact will be made known to many."
So "public" ain't very public. And that's your real beef. For you, there are two classes of cases, the notorious heretic (which for you means, he has officially joined the First Baptist Church down on the corner), and the occult heretic. "Public" as defined in the Code is something you simply don't recognise.
For me, and for most sedevacantists, the entire spectrum exists, because the law says that it does and reason tells us the same thing. There are notorious cases, there are occult cases, and there are a range of cases in between. We are fully aware that it is perfectly possible for a good Catholic to form a different judgement about any case until and unless the Church intervenes. We're comfortable with that. But you're not comfortable with us. You think we are risking our salvation by following Bellarmine and the Code of Canon Law instead of Smith. Can you grasp why that doesn't hit us very hard?
Well, he certainly couldn't have imagined what has actually happened in our era. But Ken, RJS is right - John of St. Thomas famously disagreed with Bellarmine. Which is why he ain't our authority.
But I agree with the teaching cited above; yet you are not simply withdrawing from obedience and devotion, you are claiming the person has lost their office. If your position is that, due to the seemingly heretical teachings and actions of the recent popes, you cannot follow them (recognize and resist?), I would not disagree with you. But that is not what you are doing. You are declaring that they lost their office.
I'm still waiting for you to produce a quote from an approved source saying that an individual laymen has the authority to judge for himself that a pope has lost his office due to heresy, and then is permitted to proclaim it publicly and seek to bring others around to his private opinion. Again, I am not interested in your private interpretation of canon law, since you are not a canon lawyer. I am looking for an authoritative quote from an approved source that agrees with the conclusion you have arrived at based on your private interpretation of canon law.
I cited the authority for my postion, which of course you do not accept since he disagrees with your conclusion. By the way, here is what the Catholic Encyclopedia says about John of St. Thomas:
As professor of philosophy and theology in a monastery at Alcalá, he soon took rank among the most learned men of the time, and was placed successively (1630 and 1640) in charge of the two principal chairs of theology in the university of that city. His renown drew the largest number of scholars that had ever attended its theological faculties
No man enjoyed a greater reputation in Spain, or was more frequently consulted on points of doctrine and ecclesiastical matters. His theological and philosophical writings, which have gone through many editions, are among the best expositions of St. Thomas's doctrine, of which he is acknowledged to be one of the foremost interpreters. Though he took an active part in the scholastic discussions of his times, his courtesy was such that he is said never to have hurt an opponent's feelings. So faithful was he to the traditions of his order and the principles of the Angelic Doctor that in his last illness he could declare that, in all the thirty years he had devoted to teaching and writing, he had not taught or written anything contrary to St. Thomas. His humility and his devotion to education caused him to refuse many dignities offered him by the Church and his order. In 1643 Philip IV offered him the office of royal confessor, a position which only religious obedience could induce him to accept.
Once again, this is what he wrote:
Now, please cite an authoritative source saying that an individual laymen is permitted to judge for himself that a pope is guilty of heresy and has thereby lost his office, and then is permitted to declare it publicly while attempting to bring others around to his position.
If you are unable to do so, simply admit that you cannot find any approved source that agrees with the conclusion you reached based on your private interpretation of canon law, and then we can move on.
But I agree with the teaching cited above; yet you are not simply withdrawing from obedience and devotion, you are claiming the person has lost their office.
Please, this is silly. Cum ex apostolatus first says that a heretic does not possess the office of pope, then it says what I quoted above. We are permitted to withdraw from the putative pope precisely because he isn't truly pope. You need me to quote the entire document? I thought we all knew it by heart.
...if ever at any time it shall appear that any Bishop, even if he be acting as an Archbishop, Patriarch or Primate; or any Cardinal of the aforesaid Roman Church, or, as has already been mentioned, any legate, or even the Roman Pontiff, prior to his promotion or his elevation as Cardinal or Roman Pontiff, has deviated from the Catholic Faith or fallen into some heresy:
(i) the promotion or elevation, even if it shall have been uncontested and by the unanimous assent of all the Cardinals, shall be null, void and worthless;...
(vi) those thus promoted or elevated shall be deprived automatically, and without need for any further declaration, of all dignity, position, honour, title, authority, office and power.
And, er, Cum ex apostolatus doesn't qualify "heresy" with "public" or any other degree of publicity. Unlike you, Pope Paul IV was more concerned about heretics claiming authority in the Church than he was about whether somebody might judge a mere private heretic to be a public one by mistake. Obviously the possibility of such a mistake is of very great concern to you, however: your prime concern is that Montini's good name be protected. For you, history must record that his apostasy was somehow technically not quite public enough for him to forfeit the papacy.
your private interpretation of canon law.
And I'm not going to accept your private interpretation of Bellarmine, John of St. Thomas, Canon Smith, or even Will Smith. So I guess it's a stand-off.
But you're foxing with this. You're not prepared to discuss Canon Law at all, let alone accept what the canonists say. You will only quote a pre-Code canonist who isn't commenting on the law at all. He isn't commenting on the law as it stands today. He isn't commenting on the law as it stood before 1917. He's commenting on a theological controversy.
If the question is, what was the law prior to 1917, then I have Cum ex apostolatus, which authorises me to judge that Ratzinger isn't the pope and to treat him as a warlock, heathen, heretic, etc. In other words, I don't have to be polite, or quiet about it. If you say that I may withdraw from obedience, but only secretly, like a hypocrite, letting all of my relatives and friends think that I recognise the criminal as pope, then you find an authority for that singular view. There are none, there could be none: such a mode of acting would be immoral.
If the question is, what is the law subsequent to 1917, I have the text of the Code, which incorporates the essential principle of Cum ex apostolatus in canon 188, and the footnotes tell us that Cum ex apostolatus is the source, so if there's any doubt about how to interpret canon 188, we are to use Cum ex apostolatus to settle the matter. That principle's in the Code too, right at the beginning, in the section on interpretation. Look it up.
You, on the other hand, have nothing canonical at all. You have a theological opinion.
Whose theological opinion? An opinion shared by great theologians, but refuted by a Doctor of the Church, St. Robert Bellarmine.
That's the situation regarding authorities, RJS.
Also, don't bother trying to puff the authority of your sources by quoting The Catholic Encyclopedia. It doesn't help. Cajetan was described by a pope - I think Paul IV, actually - as a Lamp of the Church, and is universally regarded as the greatest of Thomistic commentators. Suarez received his exceptional intelligence by a miracle through the intercession of the Blessed Mother, to whom he prayed when he found that he couldn't pass his exams, since he was too stupid. These were all great men. But they disagreed on some points, with others and with each other.
And I repeat, if you choose to follow the discredited minority opinion because it seems true to you, that's your free choice. I certainly have no problem with that. I think my record is pretty clear that I have no problem with sedeplenism as such. (I detest anti-sedevacantism, however, and that's for two main reasons. One, it sows division. Two, it inevitably relies upon unorthodox arguments, historical lies - especially Gallican ones - and other unworthy tactics.)
In case anybody is wondering why this article is receiving a bath here right now, the answer is, because Robert Siscoe asked me to answer him.
I checked my email this morning and I find that I was first sent the article in September last year. I ignored it, reasoning that if it was of any moment it would convince or at least concern a few people, and I could take notice if and when it did. I only commented now because I was pushed by Robert Siscoe, who wrote and asked me if I intended to answer it. I did not want him to imagine that if I didn't answer it this might indicate that I could not do so.
I wish I had never seen the darn thing. Siscoe's article is a piece of flim-flam. There isn't any substance to it. It doesn't even state what its thesis is, at the beginning or anywhere else. It avoids defining the terms it uses, and it declines to argue in any logical manner from one point to the next. It's just a series of assertions, many true, some false, which appear to be designed collectively to create the impression that somehow Paul VI was really only a secret heretic and we endanger our salvation by mistaking him for a public one.
Ah! OK. Thank you. I am corrected....and still of the same opinion: i.e., that we, as Catholics are required to recognize heresy and heretics and to "avoid" them.
I just noticed something interesting in this text which I had not previously noticed.
Cum ex apostolatus officio is not, as all know, actually dealing with a true pope who falls into personal heresy. It's dealing with one who is already a heretic who claims any ecclesiastical office, including the papacy. Yet, note the language: "those thus promoted or elevated shall be deprived automatically, and without need for any further declaration, of all dignity, position, honour, title, authority, office and power."
This illustrates the point I have made elsewhere, I think many times, that we must be cautious with these terms. Anti-sedevacantists like to point to the term "deprive" and build their case upon it, arguing that if a source uses that term then it implicitly teaches that the office is occupied and that the culprit does need to be deprived of it. This, as we can see in the present case, is entirely unfounded. Cum ex apostolatus explicitly teaches that a heretic who is putatively elevated to an office in the Church does not obtain that office at all, ever. Yet the same document uses the word "deprived" to describe the "loss" of office.
Likewise, Bellarmine speaks of the Roman clergy "depriving" Pope Liberius of his dignity and replacing him with Felix II. And finally, St. Francis de Sales in his apologetics work uses the same term in equally loose a manner.
The same point could be made about the terms "promoted" and "elevated" in this text. In each case they mean "attempted to be promoted" or "attempted to be elevated."
(I detest anti-sedevacantism, however, and that's for two main reasons. One, it sows division. Two, it inevitably relies upon unorthodox arguments, historical lies - especially Gallican ones - and other unworthy tactics.)
Well, I am most certainly on your side on this one, John, despite the fact that, as you know, I do not regard myself as a sedevacantist!
FYI, my Wife and I attended a Mass and a conference offered by Bishop Williamson last night. The conference was very interesting, although in my opinion, a bit too long.
During the conference, one of the last questions addressed sedevacantism. Archbishop Lefebvre was quoted: "I cannot say that the Pope isn't the Pope, but I also cannot say that one cannot say that the Pope isn't the Pope."
Bishop Williamson then attempted to define sedevacantism. His definition was incorrect. After a very mild remonstrance from me, he quoted St. Augustine, "...in all things, Charity." You know the one.
He, obviously, does not view sedevacantists as so many sedeplenists, unfortunately, do.
After a very mild remonstrance from me, he quoted St. Augustine, "...in all things, Charity." You know the one.
Yes, I do, I love it. I have used it many times. I also think, these days, that it's spurious!
Yes, neither he nor Archbishop Lefebvre is anti-sede. The difference is, the Archbishop said he might adopt our view. Williamson never will, and it's because his ecclesiology is not Roman. It's essentially Protestant, or at least Gallican.
Before I respond to the above, let us note for the record that you did not provide a single quote from an approved source saying that an individual laymen is permitted to judge that a pope is a heretic who has thereby lost his office, and is then permitted to declare this as a fact, while trying to persuade others to accept their personal opinion (I'll comment on your quote from Cum ex below).
Now, regarding the teaching of Canon Smith and my remarks regarding the speculative and practical order, you misunderstood what I meant.
Smith begins by asking a question. The question is this: “Is a Pope who falls into heresy deprived, ipso jure, of the Pontificate”. That is a hypothetical question, which is why he said (at the end of the quote): “The question is hypothetical rather than practical.”
Now, he does not directly answer the hypothetical question directly, but instead says there are two opinions. One opinion holds that the pope loses his office ipso facto. The other holds that he is deposable. Both of those opinions are of the speculative order.
He then proceeds to the practical order by saying that a judgment of guilt is required by the Church. Why? Because only the Church has the authority to judge whether or not a man is guilty of the sin of heresy. On the practical level, only the Church can make the necessary judgment – a judgment that either removes the pope (one opinion), or declares that the pope has already lost his office due to heresy (other opinion). Regardless of which of the two opinions one hold, a judgment of guilt by the proper authorities is necessary.
The following is the entire quote again. When reading it, notice that he says “both opinions agree” that a judgment of the Church is required, thereby showing that the necessity of the judgment from the Church is not simply his own opinion that he is putting forward, but is what both opiniond agree on.
Answer: There are two opinions: one holds that he is by virtue of divine appointment, divested ipso facto, of the Pontificate; the other, that he is, jure divino, only removable. Both opinions agree that he must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals. The question is hypothetical rather than practical”.
The reason you have been unable to locate a single quotation from an approved authority saying that an individual laymen has the authority to judge that a pope has fallen into heresy and thereby lost his office, and then is permitted to proclaim this publicly all the while attempting to draw other people to his opinion, is because such a position is contrary to what “both opinions” hold – namely, that the pope “must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals”.
So even if one holds to the position of Bellarmine (who I do not disagree with, by the way), it requires a judgment of guilt, and Joe Layman in the pew (that’s you) does not have the authority to make the call.
From this we can see that the quotation I provided from John of St. Thomas (which, of course, you do not accept), does not disagree with the position of Bellarmine, since even the position of Bellarmine requires a judgment of guilt from the Church. That is why John of St. Thomas was careful to add “according to private judgment”, when he said: “be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment, he remains as far as we are concerned a member of the Church and consequently its head. Judgment is required by the Church. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned".
Regarding your quote from Cum Ex, it does not say what you want it to say. All it says is that an individual is permitted to “withdraw from obedience and devotion” from a heretical pope. I agree with that. I agree that you would be permitted to withdraw from obedience if you are convinced the pope is a heretic and therefore a danger to your faith. Even if you were mistaken that he is a heretic, you still have the moral right to protect yourself from one who you consider to be a danger to your faith. The portion of Cum Ex that speaks of the election of a heretical pope being null, does not preclude a judgment by which the man is “declared guilty of heresy by the church, i.e., by an ecumenical council or the College of Cardinals” to use the words of Canon Smith.
The teaching you provided from Cum Ex fits in with the quote from St. Bellarmine that someone posted on your website recently. Here’s the quote:
Bellarmine: “It is true that people must distinguish a true prophet from a false one, but not by any other rule than this one: by watching carefully to see if the one preaching says the opposite of what his predecessors said, or what is being said by other everyday pastors, and most importantly what is being said by the apostolic See and the first Church; for the people are commanded to listen to their pastors. Lk. 10: "He who hears you hears Me." And Matt. 23: "Do what they tell you." Thus, the faithful must not pass judgment on their pastor unless they hear from him new things and things foreign to the teaching of other pastors.
“We must point out, besides, that the faithful can certainly distinguish a true prophet from a false one, by the rule that we have laid down, but for all that, if he is a bishop, they cannot depose such a pastor and put another person in his place. For Our Lord and the Apostles only lay down that false prophets are not to be listened to by the people, and not that they depose them. And it is certain that the practice of the Church has always been that heretical bishops be deposed by bishop's councils, or by the Sovereign Pontiff.”
Your favorite authority just made my point. As a layman you can certainly resist a false prophet – one who is teaching contrary to what the Church teaches. That means, you can withdraw from obedience and devotion to him); but you do not have the authority to depose them, or, what amounts to the same thing, to declare that they have deposed themselves by teaching heresy (especially when they have not openly left the Church, but remained in their office), since that requires a judgment and declaration from the proper authorities.
If you disagree, simply provide a quote saying that an individual laymen has the authority to judge that a pope has defected from the Faith and thereby lost his office, and is permitted to declare this publicly.
Even if you were mistaken that he is a heretic, you still have the moral right to protect yourself from one who you consider a danger to your faith.
Here is yet another place where we disagree most strongly with you: we do not have a only "right" to protect ourselves against those we regard as heretics, or anything or anyone that is positive danger to our faith: we are required to avoid such.
I.e., it is a duty, not to fulfill which constitutes, at least objectively, a sin.
Does not the 1st commandment of the decalogue to worship only God tell you that we must not join with false religions in any way? Does not this provide you with the other unnecessary "documented proof" you are speciously requiring in this instance?
It is patently obvious, at least to me, that you are requiring more and more "proof" to bolster our arguments simply because you cannot, or will not, see nor accept the truth.
Benny is an heretic, possibly of the worst sort that has ever afflicted the Church. There is simply no doubt about that at all. All you have to do is to read his constant writings, both those from before his spurious election and after, and you will find a plethora of proof.
It is our duty to make this plain to anyone who will listen...and even to those who won't. The truth must be told by everyone.
You've been defeated on the point about what laymen may or may not do. Cum ex apostolatus is very clear, and it's a papal bull.
I don't think you've thought this through, and neither has Smith - but he doesn't pretend that he has thought it through, he is giving it very brief treatment, the barest of summaries. Smith has actually issued an ipse dixit. He has provided no evidence whatsoever that Bellarmine and his school "agreed" with Smith's personal opinion, which happens to be that of Cajetan and John of St. Thomas. Nor is such a possibility likely, given that Bellarmine expends considerable effort wrecking Cajetan's thesis, showing that any position which involves a judgement over a pope is heretical.
If you had the motivation to do any real research, and you honestly believed Smith's assertion, you'd go to the books as Da Silveira did, and find the evidence that Smith assures you is there in spades. They all agree? Well, if they all agree, it won't be hard to cobble together two or three examples, will it?
Well, yes it will. The evidence doesn't exist. But you'll never know that, because your evidence is only what can be found on this Web site. We haven't hidden the evidence, Robert. It doesn't exist.
Smith perhaps alleges that both sides agree that a pope who disappears into heresy must be regarded as pope until and unless "the Church" (which Smith defines as some authorities which are not, actually, the Church at all) issues a judgement. One of the authorities that Smith describes as "the Church" is "an ecumenical council". But no ecumenical council can exist without the sanction of the pope. Any other body can at most be an imperfect general council - that is, a fallible synod of bishops. So Smith's terminology is inaccurate. Only a fully ecumenical council (or a pope on his own) can truly speak for, and bind, the whole Church.
But as I said above, Smith may well not be asserting what you understand him to be. His text isn't clear. I think he's a partisan of Cajetan and John of St. Thomas, but it's quite possible that when he writes what must happen in practice, he means only that it ought to be done (which I agree with, of course). He may well not mean to imply that if it isn't done, then the heretic remains pope. After all, he merely mentions the two opinions without explicitly choosing either as his own view, just as St. Francis de Sales did.
Smith deals in this text with the question of a true pope who, hypothetically, falls into heresy. What about the case of a heretic cardinal who claims the papacy? Are we just to accept his claim, any claim, until and unless "an ecumenical council [without a pope]" or "the College of Cardinals" declares that we should not adopt this new claimant as pope? What madness, and it's directly contrary to a papal bull.
Cum ex apostolatus tells us what would the case in such a circumstance (and it's what happened in 1978, twice, and again in 2005). 1. The heretic will not be pope, even if he receives the obedience of all Catholics. 2. Any layman can reject him, even those who initially fall for his lying claim - i.e. all are permitted to withdraw from obedience and treat him as a warlock, heathen, etc.
If Muller or Mahoney emerges as "pope" from the next conclave, will you,
a) Accept his claim?
b) Wait to see what Bishop Fellay does, just in case "sedevacantism" is suddenly not evil after all, or
c) Reject either of them as heathens, warlocks, publicans, etc., since they are both manifestly not Catholics today, and participating in a conclave is not one of the means by which one enters the Catholic Church?
There is no dissagreement between your point and mine.
Out rights correspond with, and proceed from, our duties. Parents have a duty to raise their children, to educate them in the Faith, and to teach them right from wrong. Therefore, because of this duty, they have a moral right to raise their children, to educate them, etc." Our rights flow from our duties.
So, when I said a person has a right to protect themselves from one who is a danger to their faith, it presuposes a higher duty - namely, the duty they have to preserve their faith.
Your entire position has been destroyed with this single point. You need to realize that you are a simple laymen. You are not a pope; you are not a Bishop; you are not a Priest. You aren’t even a married Novus Ordo Deacon. All you are is a simply laymen in the pew who has read just enough to be dangerous. Yet you have no scruple in completely disregarding the teaching of a real Canonist who adds a distinction that you never considered. And please note that Canon Smith is not disagreeing with Bellarmine; he is simply saying the exact same thing that John of St. Thomas said – namely, that “be he ever so manifestly heretical according to private judgment, he remains as far as we are concerned a member of the Church and consequently its head. Judgment is required by the Church. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned”.
So even if a pope loses his office automatically due to heresy, “judgment is required by the Church” to determine that the guilt, just as Canon Smith said.
You have provided a grand total of zero citations from an approved source to support your position. All you have brought forward is a quote from Cum Ex Apostolatus which I accept. The teaching of Cum Ex is identical with that of many other theologians, who have maintained that we are not required to follow a Prelate who errs – even if this prelate happens to be the Pope. But that doesn’t mean that we are then permitted to depose the man; or, what amounts to the same thing, declare that he has deposed himself and then proclaim this to the world as a fact. That is why Bellarmine said this:
Bellarmine: “We must point out, besides, that the faithful can certainly distinguish a true prophet from a false one, by the rule that we have laid down, but for all that, if he is a bishop, they cannot depose such a pastor and put another person in his place. For Our Lord and the Apostles only lay down that false prophets are not to be listened to by the people, and not that they depose them. And it is certain that the practice of the Church has always been that heretical bishops be deposed by bishop's councils, or by the Sovereign Pontiff.”
Keep searching in vain for a quote from an approved source that contradicts what Canon Smith, John of St. Thomas, and Bellarmine taught, and which agrees with your position. And to be clear, your position is this: That a laymen is permitted to judge for himself that a pope (who has remained visibly in his office and is recognized by 99.999% of the world to be Pope) has fallen into heresy and thereby lost his office; and that this laymen is then permitted to declare this publicly, and seek to persuade others that they should accept his opinion.
That is the quote you need to produce, but you will never be able to do so because even if one holds that a pope heretic automatically loses his office due to heresy, a judgment of guilt must be made, and only the Church has the authority to do so.
Your entire position has been destroyed with this single point. You need to realize that you are a simple laymen.
Well, I am quite sure that I know that I am a simple layman. But your censorious tone suggests that you are far from convinced that the same is true of you.
You're not going to disturb any sedes with this argument, but it does appear you can settle your own concerns, and that is evidently all that this is about.
Let us know when you decide to take any of this seriously.
Your entire position has been destroyed with this single point. You need to realize that you are a simple laymen. You are not a pope; you are not a Bishop; you are not a Priest. You aren’t even a married Novus Ordo Deacon. All you are is a simply laymen in the pew who has read just enough to be dangerous.
RJS, don't you think it a bit strange that you've learned much of what you know from the website of "a layman who has just read enough to be dangerous?" I don't see how that makes you anything but even more dangerous.
Anyway, by your own words here, isn't it true that you shouldn't be writing and publishing articles without the permission of your Ordinary? You are just a simple layman, right?
You put a BIG smile on my face with that one!
Judgment is required by the Church[/u]. It is only then that he ceases to be pope as far as we are concerned”
Robert, if he is Pope you cannot judge him (canon 1556), therefore that jugment is necessarily upon someone who is not Pope. This is not hard to grasp.
RJS ... by your own words here, isn't it true that you shouldn't be writing and publishing articles without the permission of your Ordinary? You are just a simple layman, right?
The difference is, I am not making a public declaration that a man who was elected by the college of Cardinals as pope is a public heretic and therefore not a true pope. I've never criticized John or anyone else from publishing articles without the permission of the local Ordinary. Only for publishing articles making judgments and declarations he has no authority to make, and attempting to persuade people to accept his private judment.
John claims that my arguing against the Sedevacantist position is "divisive". He seems completely oblivious to the fact that it is his private judgment and public "declarations" that is the cause of the division.
Hello Cristian,
I am going to see if you or John or anyone else can answer the point you raised. The answer is so glaringly obvious that I will be surprised if no one here can answer it.
I'm asking you why you seem willing to write about these issues, which clearly are in forbidden territory. I know why John has written about them, I just can't figure out why you are unwilling to seek the approval of your local Ordinary.
Also, I have made no "public declaration" on this issue. Is your postion that it can't be discussed at all? If so, then why are you discussing it let alone publishing unauthorized articles about it in unauthorized periodicals?
RJS: I am being constantly amazed at how you can interpret practically everything presented to you in a sense which is, to everyone but you, opposite to its true meaning.
Cristian said: "Robert, if he is Pope you cannot judge him (canon 1556), therefore that judgment is necessarily upon someone who is not Pope. This is not hard to grasp."
I will try to explain this to you in a manner you may understand. Let's see if I am correct. First of all, you are conflating the more than one meaning of the word "judge". There are at least two vastly different meanings of the word used in this discussion.
1) No one may judge the pope. This is from Canon 1556. By the word "pope" here, everyone (except you, apparently) understands a True Pope, not a usurper or an anti-pope. And we all agree that no one may judge a True Pope. Period. However, the word "judge" in the sense as used in this Canon, means "in an ecclesiastical court of law" by his peers.
2) In the case of any Catholic layman, we are "judging" in the sense that we "have decided", or "arrived at a conclusion" that the man who purports to hold the See of Peter, is, in fact, a public and notorious heretic, and we insist that we have ample proof of his heresy.
Then, from what the Church has taught from at least the time of St. Paul, we know that anyone who is such an heretic is AUTOMATICALLY excommunicated, by his own actions, as declared in Canon 188ff, no declaration of the hierarchy being needed as stated in that Canon, and such an one is no longer a member of the Church.
It is then purely logical that one who is not a member of the Church cannot possibly be Her head.
Therefore, such an one is not only not the True Pope, but simply cannot be the True Pope, and therefore he can be "judged" as any normal man, even in an ecclesiastical court, if it came to that.
Why is this so hard for you to understand? Or do you understand these things, but refuse to accept them? You have been arguing in circles since you joined this particular discussion. I will repeat: you have, as far as I can see, refused to accept the truth. Possibly it is too painful for you. If that is true, then all I can say is, "Join the club." If you think for one minute that all of us have not been through our own personal hell before arriving at our only possible and logical conclusion, then you do us a terrible injustice.
And as Catholic laymen, we are required not only to "judge" such an heretic, but also to avoid him, and to warn our fellow Catholics against him when opportunity arises. This is required by God. I believe it is called "Christian Charity".
No, let's be accurate and precise. It's the wickedness of the heretics which has sown the division. Those who seek to defend them are only accessories after the fact.
And as I have pointed out already, your position has nothing in common with that of Archbishop Lefebvre, so it's understandable that The Remnant would publish your article, but frankly very sad that The Angelus would do so also.
John: I must remind you that the definition of "sedevacantism" accepted by many in the SSPX does not correspond to reality, despite your valiant efforts to make that definition clear.
That was brought home very clearly to me and my wife at the recent conference given by Bishop Williamson which we attended.
He gave a definition of it which was so far from reality that it was plain why he disagreed with it. I think all of us, even those of us here (...ahem...) who claim that we are not sedevacantists would disagree with his definition. I know I sure do.
Yet this is one of those definitions with which many (should I say "most"?) of those in the SSPX agree. No wonder The Angelus printed Siscoe's flawed and specious article.
Ken, I'm referring to the views expressed by Archbishop Lefebvre, not any of the various lesser SSPX figures who have commented on these questions over the years.
Lefebvre said that maybe Paul VI (and later, JP2) was not pope. He said that the reason he didn't finally form the judgement that Paul VI wasn't pope was because perhaps Paul VI was merely a Catholic liberal, and not a manifest heretic. Lefebvre wasn't sure. What he was sure about, as he made clear in his lengthy 1986 conference, was that if a man is a manifest heretic, then he is not pope and it is right to make such a judgement and to express it openly. In other words, Lefebvre's position was that of Bellarmine.
Btw, this discussion will probably remind various older members here of another debate from back in the 1990s. Can anybody else recall a fellow called "J. Lawrence Case" and his novel little position built almost entirely on that quote from St. Francis de Sales? Well, I certainly can, and I recall how it exasperated and then amused Jim Larrabee too.
"Case" was actually a Guerardian, or at least, he thought he was, but he had is own take on it, and his take relied totally on a couple of snippets of texts...
So anyway, I did some searches, and look what I found. He isn't arguing with me, or Jim, on this occasion, but rather against a non-sede (Case would argue for automatic deposition against non-sedes, and against total automatic deposition against sedes. As I said, he had his own position, "sede impedita", which he thought was subtle and precise!)
J Lawrence Case wrote:
You wrote,
Rev. S.B. Smith, also quoted in defense of this opinion, does not even treat the question seriously. After answering that two opinions exist on the matter (one that a pope is ipso facto deprived of the pontificate, the other that he is only removable,) Smith goes on to say: "The question is hypothetical rather than practical. For although according to the more probable opinion, a pope may fall into heresy and err in matters of faith, as a private person, yet it is also universally admitted that no pope ever did fall into heresy, even as a private doctor," ("Elements of Ecclesiastical Law," Vol. I).
This book was scrutinized by the Holy Office for months before its Fifth Edition, and approved. Rev. Smith most certainly treats the question seriously. He mentions the fact that there are only two opinions and that they both agree that a declaration of fact is necessary. Here is the quote:
466. Q. Is a Pope who falls into heresy deprived, ipso facto, of the Pontificate?
A. - 1. There are two opinions: one holds that he is, by virtue of divine appointment, divested, ipso facto, of the Pontificate; the other, that he is, jure divino, only removable. Both opinions agree that he must at least be declared guilty of heresy by the Church - i.e., by an oecumenical council of the College of Cardinals.
Also take note of another Catholic truth first - "a pope cannot be judged". This means that the TWO opinions mentioned above both believe that at the time of declaration, the man is already not a true pope, otherwise one of the opinions would be "judging the pope". The idea of "jure divino, only removable" does not entail believing he is still a true pope. It pertains to the material aspects of the office (Pontificate) that need to be dealt with canonically, for possession can exist without ownership. We all know a man can possess something without owning it.
Further reason - If you read this text book, it makes a clear distinction between a "condemnatory" judgment and a "declaratory" judgment in Canon Law, saying the latter is a merely declaring a fact that already occurred. The two opinions above agree that a "declaration" is what is needed, signifying they both believe the fact already occurred.
As I said before, the See is "impeded" until that declaration is made.
The concept of "hypothetical" means that it is possible in the future. Rev. Smith merely mentioned that it never happened in the past. It would not be in such a book if it were not serious. I own the 3 Volume set. Quite a thorough and serious work. They didn't make "Canon Law for Dummies" in the 19th century.
"J Lawrence Case" was, of course, an alias. Maybe "RJS" is merely the latest alias??? Robbie, is that you again? Are you pushing your old "sede impedita" barrow still?
It's spooky how similar these two arguments are, right down to the puffing of the authority of the source.
It's also interesting that we have our answer to the question, what did Smith mean by "hypothetical"?
Smith goes on to say: "The question is hypothetical rather than practical. For although according to the more probable opinion, a pope may fall into heresy and err in matters of faith, as a private person, yet it is also universally admitted that no pope ever did fall into heresy, even as a private doctor,"
So that's all he meant. All that rubbish above by RJS notwithstanding. Wow, that is so like J. Lawrence Case too!
RJS, you do not appear to know when you have been defeated on a point. Is it that words don't have the same meaning for you that they have for others? I had written, "Cum ex apostolatus officio is sufficiently explicit, even for you, I would think." I was mistaken. But it's sufficiently clear for everybody else.
shall be permitted at any time to withdraw with impunity from obedience and devotion to those thus promoted or elevated and to avoid them as warlocks, heathens, publicans, and heresiarchs...
One is "subject" to the pope. That is, he has jurisdiction over his "subjects". If one is not subject to him, he isn't pope. There's no third option, this is a question in which there are only two possibilities.
You appear to be saying that one may be "subject" to a man who is not really pope, but one cannot say that he's not really pope, until and unless some authority makes a declaration; yet one must not obey said non-pope-whom-one-is-pretending-is-pope because he represents a danger to the faith. At least, that appears to be your position, and it's certainly in violent conflict with Cum ex apostolatus officio which says "would have been subject" and therefore are not subject.
I was not subject to Benedict XVI. (Neither were you, but you said that you were. But that's another subject...)
"J Lawrence Case" was, of course, an alias. Maybe "RJS" is merely the latest alias??? Robbie, is that you again? Are you pushing your old "sede impedita" barrow sill?
I'm pretty sure RJS isn't JLC or any of the other manifestations of Robbie S, but I could be wrong. I remember Robert Siscoe from 6 or 7 years ago and he wasn't nearly as sure of himself as he is today, but that was before he perused this forum's sources.
Also, I actually found that same source (Samuel B. Smith, Elements of Ecclesiastical Law) just this past year (it's a free google book) and quoted that same section in the Cum Ex Apostolatus thread.
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The Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute promotes and facilitates a new understanding of international issues, free of political partisanship and institutional bias.
Latest...
Updated 22 July 2016
NATO aware of need to expand ties with Azerbaijan (Trend.AZ, 9 July 2016)
NATO is aware of the need to secure the eastern periphery of Europe, to expand and deepen ties with countries that are not actually part of NATO, such as Azerbaijan, Ziba Norman, director of the UK Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute, told Trend July 9. She was commenting on the fact that Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev was invited to the NATO summit, which is taking place in Warsaw. [Russian version]
UK experts: Armenia's Metsamor power plant - historical anomaly (Trend.AZ, 16 May 2016)
Armenia's Metsamor power plant is an historical anomaly, and arguably should never have been placed on a seismic fault line, William Arthurs, member of the British Institute of Energy Economics and Ziba Norman, director of the UK Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute, told Trend May 16. [Russian version]
The Institute's director Ziba Norman was interviewed by the Voice of Russia UK, and discussed the change in government in Georgia (9 October 2012).
We are delighted that Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute board member Mark Littlewood has been appointed Director General of the influential London-based think-tank the Institute of Economic Affairs. The IEA has promoted an understanding of the role of markets in society since its foundation in 1955. Mark takes up his new role on 1 December 2009.
"Turkey: East or West?" Lecture series, to be held at the London School of Economics, May - June 2009
This series of four lectures, by distinguished speakers who are experts in their fields, will look at the forces that are shaping Turkey from within and the impact and influence Turkey is projecting in the region and beyond; ultimately asking the question: where next for Turkey? (Co-sponsored with the Forum for European Philosophy) [Detailed programme]
"Is Abkhazian Independence a Fig Leaf for Russian Ambition?" Ziba Norman, 18 February 2009
News regarding the development of a Russian military presence in Abkhazia, on the Black Sea Port of Ochanchire, southeast of Sukhumi and the restoration of the Bombora Airfield in Gudauta, the largest in the South Caucasus, are clear markers for the Kremlin's agenda...
"A Chance for Peace in Nagorno-Karabakh Must Not Be Squandered" Ziba Norman, 11 February 2009
It has been reported that Armenia and Azerbaijan have reached some agreement on a four-point plan with the aim of reaching a resolution on the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Whilst no official agreement is likely to take place without the participation of the Minsk Group and the OSCE, it is hoped that both organisations foster the positive direction in which the discussions between Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan are going. Cautious optimism and a resolve for peace must be the way forward.
"Political Philosophy and Political Reform in China" William Arthurs, 22 January 2009
We are delighted to be able to reproduce Xu Youyu's article "The Debates between Liberalism and the New Left in China since the 1990s" which reviews contemporary debates within China about globalisation, capitalism, freedom of thought, and China's relationship to the West -- and provides background to China's Charter 08 movement, launched last month.
"Obama and the Caucasus" Ziba Norman, 6 November 2008
The incoming US administration will face a range of foreign policy challenges around the world. What changes in US policy in the Caucasus region should we expect?
"The Importance of Akhalgori" Ziba Norman, 16 October 2008
Talks to ease the conflict over Georgia's Moscow-backed breakaway regions were suspended until next month on Wednesday after diplomats failed to get Russia and Georgia to agree on who was allowed to take part in the talks in Geneva. It is safe to say that the Russians were not overly concerned about last week's talks going ahead. At the last moment they insisted that Abkhazian and South Ossetian representatives be included fully in the talks, knowing that this would be unacceptable to Georgia...
Media coverage of a press briefing given by Ziba Norman in Baku, Azerbaijan, 25 September 2008
"Shifting Geopolitics in the Caucasus: Azerbaijan's options" Ziba Norman, 26 September 2008, a talk to the American Alumni Association in Baku, Azerbaijan
"From nation-state to market-state: how new alliances will be formed in the 21st Century" Ziba Norman, 22 September 2008, a talk to the New Economic School in Tbilisi, Georgia
"The Turkish Moment: unenviable job or great opportunity?" Ziba Norman, 11 September 2008
In the immediate aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War, Turkey finds itself in the unenviable position of holding the key to re-establishing balance in the region.
"Depoliticising Nature" William Arthurs, updated 1 September 2008
As we write this, almost two million people are heading inland from the southern US coastline, fleeing Hurricane Gustav. Readers may be interested in our Hurricane Katrina analysis from September/ October 2005. "The challenge of Katrina is twofold: policy responses that take these lessons into account cannot themselves be simple; and, given the current political dialogue, there is no way these policy responses can easily be aired."
"SCO sends a signal that Russia has overplayed its hand" Ziba Norman, 29 August 2008
Russian President Medvedev expected to return from the Annual Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ["SCO"] (a treaty organisation that includes Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, with a clear message of support for Russia's actions in Georgia...
"Russians use ceasefire agreement as a basis for occupation" Ziba Norman, 26 August 2008
President Medvedev has officially recognised Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states. This move, taken in clear violation of international law and one with very clear advantages for Russia, marks the end of the first chapter of a story that began with an engagement between rebel separatists in South Ossetia and the Georgian army on 7 August, and ended with an invasion by Russia, supposedly acting as peacekeepers in the region.
"Russia's Challenge to NATO" Ziba Norman, 18 August 2008
Russia can no longer hide behind the claim that she was operating as a peacekeeper in the volatile Caucasus. Russia's challenge to Poland is loud and clear, it is a challenge to all members of NATO and the EU.
"Georgia--a broken country in a state of chaos" Ziba Norman, 15 August 2008
Georgia's President Saakashvili has officially signed a ceasefire agreement, together with Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Russia. Georgia's request to replace Russian troops with EU or UN troops in the occupied areas was, predictably, dismissed. Whilst it appears as though the areas of Georgia that are not within the disputed separatist enclaves will remain entirely within the control of the Georgian government, it is not yet clear what will happen in the days that follow. Will Russia withdraw from areas such as Gori, outside of the disputed territory of South Ossetia? What will happen with the forces that are reported to have mobilised less than 40 miles from Tbilisi itself? In short the next phase in this may be as dangerous as the last week, leaving a broken country in a state of chaos...
"Russia: more to gain in War than Peace" Ziba Norman, 10 August 2008
The movement of Russian forces into Georgia in the past few days is the most significant event since the end of the Cold War. Russian forces continue to pursue aggressive military operations deep within areas of the sovereign state of Georgia: these include the bombing of the civilian international airport in Tbilisi, bombing raids outside the disputed separatist region which have resulted in large numbers of civilian casualties, attacks on critical infrastructure in the Black Sea ports of Poti and Batumi amongst others, on depots for energy supplies, and on military sites. Where it will end is unclear, but Russia's strategic aims are only too plain...
"US Missile Defense Shield and Russia: Second Cold War as a Farce" Rashad Shirinov, Caucasian Review of International Affairs, Spring 2008
Karl Marx used to say that history repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. In line with this, the entire recent idea of a missile defense shield that the US has been willing to install in Eastern Europe is reminiscent of that of the Cold War era, when two major superpowers were targeting their strategic missiles towards each other...
Podcast (mp3 audio) of highlights from our panel event on the Nagorno Karabakh conflict, 29 March 2007. Chair: Ziba Norman. Speakers: Thomas Goltz, Mark Grigoryan, Famil Ismailov, Thomas de Waal.
Democratiya/ Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute Symposium: "Foreign Policy After Blair" Ziba Norman (mp3 audio), 1 July 2006
Podcasts of highlights from the symposium, introduced by Ziba Norman. Each of the four topics discussed is presented in a separate podcast.
"Problems of the development of Civil Society in Oil-producing countries: a lecture given to an invited audience, Nabran, Azerbaijan" William Arthurs, 10 June 2006
"Russia's Gas Weapon" (Russian translation) Ziba Norman, inosmi.ru, 21 December 2005
"Russia's Gas Weapon: Gazprom Rising" Ziba Norman, International Herald Tribune op-ed, 21 December 2005
How wise is it of the U.S. and Europe to cultivate a dependence on Russian state-owned Gazprom?
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What is World Freedom Day and why should we celebrate it? See our World Freedom Day page.
We have recently established the International Commission on Economics and Security (ICOES) as a forum for research into economics and security.
See our contacts page for all email and postal details.
Photograph: Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute director Ziba Norman with Rory Stewart, Member of Parliament for Penrith & the Border, former Harvard professor, soldier, diplomat, deputy governor of two Iraqi provinces, author, television presenter (William Arthurs).
Photograph: Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute director Ziba Norman meets Annakuly Nurmammedov, author and scholar, former Ambassador of Turkmenistan to the Republic of Turkey (William Arthurs).
Photograph: Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute director Ziba Norman meets Temuri Yakobashvili, Georgian Minister for Reintegration, in Tbilisi, 19 September 2008 (William Arthurs).
Views and opinions expressed in publications, at events or venues provided or organised by the Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute, are the contributor's own whether or not the contributor is associated with the Institute. We provide the means for such views and opinions to be offered, in the spirit of encouraging reasoned critical debate about international issues. The Transatlantic & Caucasus Studies Institute has no corporate view and supports no political organisation or policy. Academic freedom and freedom of speech are prerequisites of the debate fostered by the Institute.
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Keep up to date with Ulupono’s latest updates,
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Please contact our Communications team for media inquiries, sponsorship requests, or usage of our images or logo:
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Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning project remains...
Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning project remains viable, expects to break ground next year
Categories: Energy | Featured
Published in Pacific Business News on October 2, 2018
It has been almost 15 years in the making, but the $250 million Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning project is on track to break ground in late 2019.
The renewable energy district cooling system, which will use ocean water from a depth of more 1,700 feet to cool buildings in Downtown Honolulu, recently finalized an agreement with the state of Hawaii that covers eight buildings, including the state Capitol.
“We view the recent agreement with the state as a catalyst for bringing on other compound customers that have been withholding final decision until they hear what the state is going to do,” HSWAC president and CEO Eric Masutomi told Pacific Business News in a recent interview.
Masutomi, who was named president and CEO in 2012, added that HSWAC is in discussions with a handful of other properties under state and county control. While he declined to provide the absolute number of customers that have signed up for system, Masutomi said the project is closing in on “two-thirds of its committed supply secured.” Reaching the two-thirds threshold would enable the project to proceed to the financing stage.
“Assuming we achieve our threshold by the end of the year, you are looking at a six-to-eight-month financing process, after which we could actually break ground,” Masutomi said. It is an ambitious timeline, given that it took HSWAC six years to acquire the necessary permits for the project.
The construction itself is set to take another 20-22 months and will involve significant street work, including open trenching along some major downtown corridors. However, in order to minimize traffic interruptions, HSWAC will use directional boring along major intersections and pursue night work whenever possible, Masutomi said.
On its website, the project currently lists a total of 11 customers, including Hawaiian Electric Co., First Hawaiian Bank, the University of Hawaii at Manoa’s John A. Burns School of Medicine and The Queen’s Medical Center. The fact that despite all the delays not a single customer dropped out of project is a testament to the “confidence of our customer base and their support of the project,” Masutomi said.
“The list that we have remains solid. We are in constant communications with them, so they are well aware of where we are in the process,” he said.
Once operational, the cooling system is expected to decrease Hawaii’s dependency on oil by conserving up to 178,000 barrels of oil per year. In addition, the project will reduce electricity usage by an estimated 77,000 megawatt-hours annually, which is the equivalent of a 40-megawatt solar facility, according to Ulupono Initiative.
The Honolulu-based investment firm, which was founded by eBay Inc. founder Pierre Omidyar, has invested more than $6 million in the project. Ulupono and Swedish company Capital Cooling took ownership of HSWAC in 2014.
Oahu-based Makai Ocean Engineering is the lead engineering firm on the project. The company has already designed the deep-water cooling systems in Toronto and Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
“This project has been in the public eye for some time now and hasn’t reached fruition, there’s some perception out there that the project is not going to happen,” Masutomi said. “I want to shut that perception down. We are viable, we are operating and we are looking forward to bringing this project forward.”
©2014 Ulupono Initiative
Part of The Omidyar Group
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These Gorillas Taught Themselves How to Dismantle Poachers' Traps
Breaking News, International News, News Feed, Science & Technology
"What a Crock": Clinton Delivers Meaningless Statement on DAPL Clash
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Ecuador Admits It Cut Assange's Internet Due to Wikileaks' Impact on US Election
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Palestinian Children as Young as 12 Can Now Be Legally Imprisoned by Israel
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(UR) Jerusalem — Last Wednesday, Israeli lawmakers legalized the imprisonment of Palestinian children as young as — by their own words — twelve years old.
The new law, passed by legislators as the “Youth Bill,” allows authorities to “imprison a minor convicted of serious crimes such as murder, attempted murder or manslaughter even if he or she is under the age of 14,” the Knesset said in a press release.
But the originator of the bill, Anat Berko, was quoted in that same statement as saying that for those who are“murdered with a knife in the heart it does not matter if the child is 12 or 15.”
The law’s passage was immediately criticized, even at home.
“Rather than sending them to prison, Israel would be better off sending them to school where they could grow up in dignity and freedom, not under occupation,” Israeli human rights group B’Tselem said in a statement, adding that, “Imprisoning such minors denies them the chance of a better future.”
The revelation comes at the same time the United Nations Security Council slammed Israel for its treatment of children in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Venezuela’s ambassador to the U.N., Rafael Ramirez, for instance, stated that Israel “denies Palestinian children their status as minors, and subjects them to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.”
Violence between Palestinians and the IDF — the Israeli Defense Forces — has seen a sharp increase since the tail end of 2015 in the Israeli-occupied territories of Gaza, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights. Concurrently, the number of Palestinian children detained by the IDF has reached record numbers, according to an April report by human rights group Defense for Children International – Palestine.
But the vast majority of those children are arrested for simply throwing stones at armed soldiers and tanks, and the incongruently harsh treatment they receive while detained — often for prolonged periods of time — has been roundly criticized by the international community.
According to the DCIP report, for instance, three-quarters of detained children spoke of physical abuse while in custody, and in nearly 90 percent of cases, parents weren’t informed of where their children had been taken.
The DCIP findings echo those of UNICEF, who in 2013 published a report which concluded that “ill-treatment of Palestinian children in the Israeli military detention system appears to be widespread, systematic and institutionalized.”
In June, a group of 20 concerned Congressman sent a letter to President Obama urging the administration to send a special envoy to Palestine in order to grasp the full scope of the suffering of children under the occupation.
Noting that nearly half of the population in the Occupied Palestinian Territories is under the age of 18, the letter states this “enormous youth cohort represents another generation of Palestinian children growing up under military occupation with very few opportunities to improve their lives.”
Apart from the military campaigns Israel periodically wages against Palestine in purported self-defense, much of Palestinian antipathy is rooted in the settler movement, which sees homes and lands razed in the West Bank and Gaza to allow for new domiciles for Israeli citizens.
This activity was found to wholly illegal by the International Court of Justice in 2004, which concluded in its report that Israeli settlements in Palestine violate one of the Geneva conventions and thus “have been established in breach of international law.”
The U.N. came to similar conclusions in its own 2013 report. Writes The Guardian:
“All settlement activity in occupied territory must cease ‘without preconditions’ and Israel ‘must immediately initiate a process of withdrawal of all settlers,’ said the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Israel, it said, was in violation of article 49 of the fourth Geneva convention, which forbids the transfer of civilian populations to occupied territory.”
The U.N. warned Israel it could face charges at the International Criminal Court if it failed to comply, but has since done nothing in the way of enforcement. In the meantime, the destruction of Palestinian homes and businesses continues. As recently as a month ago, the Israeli government approved funding for more settlements.
Despite condemnation from international bodies and human rights groups — for the wars, the treatment of Palestinian youth, the illegal settlements, and, indeed, the occupation itself — the United States continues to support Israel both financially and militarily.
The U.S. already gives Israel $3 billion a year in “security” aid, but as of February, Israel is seeking to up that amount to $5 billion. In July, the White House offered to substantially increase the military aid package to Israel, which already stands at around $30 billion. The bump would bring that number closer to $40 billion — making it “the largest pledge of military assistance to any country in U.S. history.”
This doesn’t sit well with everyone, however — even some among Israel’s supporters.
Greg Slabodkin, former researcher for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), recently wrote a piecefor The Hill in which he shares his thoughts on how the relationship between the United States and Israel should move forward.
“U.S. aid to the Jewish state should be tied to progress in the peace process and respect for Palestinian human rights,” he said. And he closed the article by stating: “The Obama administration should make it clear that there are strings attached to U.S. aid and that Israel’s failure to comply with a settlement freeze will have financial consequences.”
This article (Palestinian Children as Young as 12 Can Now Be Legally Imprisoned by Israel) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to James Holbrooks and UndergroundReporter.org. If you spot a typo, please email the error and the name of the article to undergroundreporter2016@gmail.com. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons/Justin McIntosh
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Undiscovered Recordings is a London and Naples based independent record label founded in 1994. Showcasing new and exciting production talent, Undiscovered was founded by a crack team of music industry experts, the two Angelos, Doug and Mario, in the midst of the dance music movement of the 1990s.
The Angelos met while working at UMM and Flying Records, founding Undiscovered allowed them to move away from the traditional dance music of the time and to highlight lesser known artists and styles. Angelo Tardio, in-house A&R, capitalised from his trail-blazing DJ and production career as Kwanzaa Posse, where he collaborated with huge talents such as Mano Negra, Manu Chao, King Chango, MC Solaar and Les Negresses Vertes, to name just a few, as well as Doug Osborne, English DJ & Producer and co-founder. Angelo Bernardo brought his years of experience in the music industry to take over the business side of the company, and Mario Nicoletti came on board as a true living musical encyclopaedia and expert. Alberto Faggiana joined in 1998 to contribute his industry know-how to curate the legal and administrative aspects. And so the Undiscovered team was complete.
In 1995, in an explosive start, Undiscovered’s first recording, the iconic Dreamer by Livin’ Joy, reached No.1 in the U.K Singles Charts, with the next four Livin’ Joy singles also making the Top 20.
In 1999, Undiscovered moved into the acquisition of masters and then expanded further by branching into compilations and albums, as well as exploring new genres of music away from the traditional dance they had dealt with up until that time. The label brought out a series of themed compilations with influences from world music such as nu-jazz, bossa, rap, and house, which have been distributed and played worldwide, with the Ibiza series gaining major popularity in the expanding Ibiza afterhours/lounge market.
Undiscovered has since moved with the times, from classic dance genres into Balearic chill-out, all the while maintaining its goals to showcase emerging producers and artists. After a brief hiatus, the Undiscovered team are back in full force, bringing you the best in new Undiscovered artists and exploring exciting new avenues in music.
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Carbon-neutrality
Vehicle restriction in San José to be suspended for holidays
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Let the gas prices climb, but give us electric cars
Jonathan Harris July 11, 2014 July 14, 2014
With the 2021 deadline abandoned, will Costa Rica ever meet its carbon neutrality goals? (Lindsay Fendt/The Tico Times)
The World Cup games are over, at least for Costa Rica, and we’re more than proud of La Sele. It’s been a landmark year for Costa Rica. But we never promised to win the mundial (although we were a hair away from doing just that). We did, however, promise to become the first carbon-neutral country in the world.
The first promise was that it would be done by 2021. The second promise was that it “likely [would be] around 2025.”
Now, the Broad Front Party is looking for us to ally ourselves with Venezuela’s Petrocaribe alliance as a way of reducing the price of gas at the pump. What?
We’re not going to go into the million reasons why we don’t want to be in an alliance with anything that includes Venezuela. Those are complicated.
What we seem to have forgotten is why we don’t want to reduce the price of gas.
It’s fine to be the No. 1 tourist destination, especially among ecotourists. It’s fine to continue to pretend we’re still in the Third World and throw out lofty goals that a new progressive government is more than happy to endorse. Surely it’s OK to adjust the due date to become carbon-neutral, if the original goal is simply unattainable. But how much of this is just chest beating? Why such hyperbole? Especially if a small country – which almost beat the rest of the world in the most popular sporting ever and which has constantly amazed anyone who knows anything about us – can’t do what obviously needs to be done to meet this very impressive environmental goal.
There is talk about how joining this alliance would boost the economy by lowering gas prices by over 20 percent. There is also talk about how we can’t afford to aggravate the national debt by reducing taxes on over-priced fuel. Yet some (few) still talk about how we can take serious steps to meet this amazing goal of becoming carbon-neutral. Reducing the price of gas is not one of them.
When countries try to reduce cigarette smoking, what do they do? Tax them. To the extent that most smokers simply realize they can’t afford it anymore. But smokers had an alternative: They didn’t need to smoke to get to work every morning. They didn’t need to light up to make it on time, they found out.
The problem is that we in Costa Rica – the progressive, environmental country with such lofty goals – haven’t established an alternative to the current hydrocarbon-based system of transport. If gas prices aren’t reduced, we’ll still go to the beach; we’ll still go into San José every day; we’ll still pollute the skies and harm the environment.
Personally, if there were a subsidy or some incentive to, oh I don’t know, buy an electric vehicle for a reasonable price, I would do so. And then, if the public sector mandated electric or at least LNG vehicles for all public transport, we would be on our way. If a tax were imposed on polluting vs. non-polluting vehicles, I would march in support of the measure in front of the Legislative Assembly.
If the price of gas goes down, none of us will do any of these things.
I think we all understand that the less privileged are hurt by high gas prices. In fact, they hurt me too. Give us an environmentally friendly alternative. Give us a way out of the hydrocarbon-dependent downward spiral.
I think President Luis Guillermo Solís needs to set his long-term objectives, and prioritize them. I’m glad I’m not president, because I understand this isn’t an easy task.
But of all the ways we might consider to ever become carbon-neutral – not to mention hydrocarbon independent – looking to form an alliance with Venezuela to get cheaper gas isn’t one of them.
Let’s blow the world’s mind again and actually do what needs to be done to be responsible global citizens.
We’re on a roll. Let’s not blow it now, don Luis Guillermo.
Jonathan Harris is a Costa Rican geologist and president of The Tico Times’ board of directors.
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From Slaves to Soldiers and Beyond - Williamson County, Tennessee's African American History
July 1868 lynchings in Williamson County, Tennessee and the rise of the KKK
On Friday, July 17, 1868, just a few years after the end of the Civil War - William Guthrie, an African American man from Franklin, was lynched by the KKK in retaliation for accusations that he raped a white woman. The newspaper said: "His execution took place on Friday night at midnight, and it was supposed to have been done by the Kuklux, or at least by persons in disguise and unknown to our informants." His murder touched off a series of back-and-forth lynchings and murders that would leave as many as six Williamson County men - both black and white - dead.
The events are relatively unknown in Williamson County, although they have been written about locally and nationally in part because one of the killings, of Samuel Bierfield, is believed to be the first lynching of a Jewish person in America. Perhaps the best summary of these events appears in a Jewish publication here. I will not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the events that summer, but I think it is worth a review of the timeline and circumstances surrounding them because they provide important insight into life in Williamson County at that tumultuous time - early in Reconstruction as African Americans were working to rebuild lives following slavery and many white Williamson Countians were struggling with the rapidly shifting political, economic and social structures that they had known and relied on.
Summer of 1867. Beyond the scope of this blog post - but certainly worth considering for its context - is the so-called Franklin Riot which occurred the summer before, in July 1867. A clash between two rival political groups in Franklin resulted in one death and several injuries. Recently, the Historic Franklin Masonic Hall Foundation has published the best summary of these events to date here. To summarize the situation, as African American men were gaining the right to vote and former Confederates were being disenfranchised, political tensions were fraught. Two opposing political groups formed, drawn largely - but not entirely - on racial lines. The Loyal League or Union League aligned with the Radical Republicans and was comprised primarily of former federal soldiers - both white and black - and non-veteran black men. On the other side were the Conservatives who were comprised primarily of former Confederates, pro-secessionists and some African Americans who remained loyal to the Confederates, seeing their political and economic fortunes tied to those who had always - and they believed would continue to be - in power.
To exacerbate matters, that summer the Ku Klux Klan was emerging nearby in Giles County. A Freedmen's Bureau agent described in August how, "The best citizens here declare that no harm shall come to anyone and that the [Loyal] League shall not be interfered with - they say this Kuklux Klan is gotten up by the young men merely for fun and that they never intend to interfere with anyone. This may all be true but I doubt it. It is certainly a very extensive institution for a funny one."
Statement by Freedmen's Bureau Officer, Giles County, Tennessee August 1857
Nashville_Union_and_American
Sun__Jan_26__1868_
January 1868 Ku Klu Klan Begins to Spread. Within months, the KKK was spreading throughout middle Tennessee. In January 1868, a Nashville newspaper was reporting on a chapter forming in that city. Its organization was imputed as a reaction to the creation of all-black companies within the state militia, as well as the large numbers of armed veterans of the US Colored Troops. (These were also key factors in the 1867 incident in Franklin.)
One night in 1868, a Franklin chapter of the KKK was formed in former Confederate John House's dry good's store on the public square in Franklin. House had played a major role in the July 1867 incident.
Statement by George S. Nichols
Describing the formation of Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1868 in Franklin, TN with an initial membership of John L. House, George Smithson, William Cunningham, J. M. Nichols, Daniel McAlpin, Geo S. Nichols - dated March 11, 1915
Mary Nichols Britt Collection.
Tennessee State Library and Archives.
Wed__Mar_11__1868
March 1868 KKK Was Well-Established in Williamson County. By March 1868 a newspaper correspondent from Thompson's Station in Williamson County was reporting on county-wide elections that had gone overwhelmingly for the Conservatives - perhaps (probably) due to intimidation by the KKK. The writer said, "The negroes have got tired waiting for their 'forty acres' and are getting to realize affairs in their proper aspect. At a meeting of the Rads [Republicans] in this county, a week before the election they were told 'to go to the polls with their arms and ammunition in their pockets and be sure to keep it dry.' . . . The people [presumably he means the white population] are highly pleased with the result of the election. I have heard of only one difficulty on election day, and that happened in Franklin. [The writer then described a conflict between James Bliss (a white former federal officer and member of the Loyal League who had also been involved in the July 1867 incident) and Jeff DeGraffenreid (a white Conservative)] . . . The Ku-Klux or any body of men had anything to do with the election." This last line makes me wonder why the writer included it -- was it a denial?
Meanwhile, the KKK and another organization the "Pale Faces" had gained such popularity in middle Tennessee that they were sponsoring youth baseball teams in Nashville.
Nashville Republican Banner
Sunday Mar_29__1868
Additionally, the KKK seems to have been working to rehabilitate its image from a violent organization into a benevolent one. That spring, the Franklin chapter of the KKK visited a widow near Fairview whose son had died as a Confederate soldier. The group delivered a $100 gift. The men were dressed in "long flowing robes of red, bordered with a broad white stripe."
The_Pulaski_Citizen
Fri__Mar_6__1868
In April of 1868, a police officer in Memphis arrested several members of a KKK den there and took possession of some of their promotional materials. A seized KKK initiation pamphlet was published in the newspaper and described that the organization required members to "swear that all Radicals and Negroes, who have placed themselves opposite to the interests of the owners of the soil of Tennessee shall forever be my enemy, and that under no circumstance will I have other connection with them, if I can help it other than to 'welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable graves.'"
KKK Becoming Increasingly Violent. This description of the KKK's objectives as bringing African Americans to their "graves" seems to be a major purpose of the organization. In June of 1868, a black man was horrifically murdered just north of Thompson's Station. His body was discovered by 18-year-old John Lawson who described how one night:
"two Ku Klux came . . . to the cabin where I was, and came in the cabin, after breaking open the door. They were in the cabin when I slipped out. It being dark, one of them said to the other to come and let us kill this damned negro. They followed me up, and fired four shots at me. I got away and hid. The next morning, I started for Nashville, and within about one-quarter of a mile from where I started, I found a man hanging up by the feet. He had been skinned. His skin was hanging over his neck, and his privates had been cut off and put in his mouth. I did not know who he was."
Particularly at risk of these kinds of violence, were the black men who had joined the US Army to fight during the Civil War. In the book, Good Struck Me Dead, Franklin veteran Freeman Thomas described an experience he had with the KKK during this time:
"After the war, times got worse for a time. The KKK were raising the devil on every hand. They were especially hard on us soldiers. Once a bunch of them caught me out. "Where were you born?" they asked m. "Franklin," I replied. "You are the very Negro we want. You belong to that Union League, and we are going to kill you." "No sir, Mars's, I don't belong to no league, and I am a good man, I work for Ole Mars' and Missus and do whatever they tell me to." "You will have to prove this," they told me. They took me to a man that knew me, and he told them that I was once a soldier. This made them madder than ever. I denied that I had ever been a soldier, and when they tried to make me march I pretended not to know how. One of them stuck a pistol to my nose and asked me what church I belonged to. I said, "None." They told me I had better pray and made me get down on my knees. They had caught and killed a lot of Negroes that htey found out to be old soldiers. I was good and scared. When I wouldn't pray, one of them started to praying for me and said, "Lord have mercy on this poor Negro that is coming home in about five minutes." I jumped up and said, "White folks, I just can't stand it no longer." They jerked me around for a while and made like they were going to kill me, but after a while they let me go. I took off my hat and ran like a deer. It is a wonder I didn't run into a tree and kill myself."
Incidents like this these were becoming so common that the Tennessee State Senate's Committee on Military Affairs convened a commission to investigate the "outrages committed by the Ku Klux klan in middle and west Tennessee." John Lawson described his harassment to them on August 5, 1868.
Report of evidence taken before the Military committee in relation to outrages committed by the Ku Klux klan in middle and west Tennessee by Tennessee. General assembly. Senate. Committee on military affairs. [page 37, the testimony of John Lawson of Thompson Station, Williamson County]
In early July 1868, General George Judd, of the Freedmen's Bureau wrote to his superiors in Nashville and described how freedmen were fleeing to Nashville for protection from the KKK and that nothing but force would stop them. "Unless something is done by the Governor immediately to protect the colored citizens, this City [Nashville] will be flooded by poor, helpless creatures who will have to be supported by the U.S. Government. ... The Kuklux organization is so extensive and so well organized and armed that it is beyond the power of anyone to exert any moral influence over them. Powder and Ball is the only thing that will put them down."
Statement by Freedmen's Bureau Agent, George Judd - July 7, 1868
Described how freedmen were fleeing to Nashville for protection. "Unless something is done by the Governor immediately to protect the colored citizens, this City will be flooded by poor, helpless creatures who will have to be supported by the U.S. Government. ... The Kuklux organization is so extensive and so well organized and armed that it is beyond the power of anyone to exert any moral influence over them. Powder and Ball is the only thing that will put them down."
Murder of William Guthrie in July 1868. Finally, one night in July 1868, these tensions appear to have boiled over in Franklin. William Guthrie, a black man, was accused of raping a white girl from the Ezell family on Carter's Creek Pike on the west side of Franklin. He was captured by her family members the next day near Boyd's Mill and taken to the Franklin jail.
The Nashville Republican Banner
Sun__Jul_19__1868_
At midnight that night,
"the well-known signal of the Kuklux was sounded throughout the town [and] as a body of horsemen, in the uniform of the Klan, apparently three hundred strong rode into the place. The corner of every street was strictly guarded by the sentinels, and no one was allowed to pass out of their lines. A number of the Klan immediately proceeded to the jail, obtained the keys from the reluctant jailer, took out the prisoner, carried him to the Douglass Church, four miles and a half from Franklin on the Lewisburg turnpike, shot him twice through the head and left him lying dead near the road-side. . . . [Guthrie] was found the next morning, and it was discovered that the hogs had commenced eating away his face. The Coroner held an inquest on the body, and the jury returned a verdict that he came to his death by balls from a pistol in the hands of persons unknown."
According to this report, Guthrie was murdered at the Douglass Church which was located where Henpeck Market is today at the intersection of Lewisburg Pike and Henpeck Lane.
Retaliatory Murder of Jeremiah Ezell. A newspaper reported that the next night, also at midnight one of the Ezell brothers was shot and killed on Carter's Creek Pike, "by a party of negroes and white men in ambush. The ambush consisted of sixteen negroes and two white men. [Jeremiah] Ezell was shot by the assassins and mortally wounded. A young man named Beasley was also shot through the foot and his horse was badly hurt. . . Ezell died on Sunday night." His body is buried in the Cotton Cemetery in the Southall community.
I wanted to add one more description to these newspaper accounts that has not been widely reported before. John Campbell was born in Scotland to Irish parents and moved to Franklin as a child. He wrote a memoir in 1925 that described many events in Franklin before, during and after the Civil War - including the murder of William Guthrie and Jeremiah Ezell. In his account, he refers to Ezell as "John" Ezell and said that he was the man who killed William Guthrie with a shotgun - and that he was therefore targeted by the ambushing group. He also described how, following Ezell's murder, the KKK "took the matter up" and killed two black men in addition to targeting a white man who had been with them, Samuel Bierfield. One of the black men was "hung . . . on a locust tree that stood a few yards south of the end of the stone fence [at Widow Bostick's Everbright home on Carter's Creek Pike] and the other one was hung in Maney's front lawn about a mile out on the Nashville pike." The home where the second man was hung is known today as Jasmine Grove in the Myles Manor neighborhood. I have found no other references to the deaths of these two men and do not know their names.
Memphis_Daily_Appeal_Tue__Jul_21__1868
It is not clear if this report was in reference to the Guthrie or Ezell murders, or perhaps the subsequent two murders.
Clarksville_Weekly_Chronicle
Fri__Sep_11__1868
Murders of Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman. For the next month, tempers simmered as the two factions were in a standoff. However, Ezell's murder was not forgotten. On the night of August 17, 1868, Samuel Bierfield sat in the back of his successful dry goods store on Main Street in Franklin with his black clerk Lawrence Bowman and another black man, Henry Morton. A large crowd was near town to see John Robinson's Circus - which promised to be ten shows rolled into one. A group of men came to Biefield's back door and demanded that he come out. Bierfield shouted for the visitors to go around to the front, "unless they wanted to be shot." The intruders broke down the back door and a group of masked men came into the store. Bierfield tried to run out of the shop's front door onto Main Street. However, about a dozen men were waiting for him. His hands were bound and he was carried about 100 yards up Indigo Street (today's 2nd Avenue) where he managed to escape and hide in Bostick's Stable. He was soon dragged back onto Main street. According to reports, Bierfield begged for his life - even offering the men money and swearing he would leave town and never return. However, the mob would not negotiate. The newspaper reported that, "at the mouth of Main Street, where Indigo Street crosses between Haines' and Briggs' grocery stores, he was shot and killed. Before his death he denied having had anything to do with the assassination of Ezell." Other reports described how one bullet pierced Bierfield’s hip and the other four entered through the front of his head. The pistols were fired from such close range that gunpowder burned Bierfield’s clothes and skin. Lawrence Bowman, Bierfield's clerk, had been shot once, and was found nearby, mortally wounded. Bierfield's body was sent to Nashville where he was buried in a Jewish cemetery. I have not located the burial location for Bowman.
Bolivar_Bulletin
Sat__Sep_14__1867
Advertisement for JG Briggs's Grocery Store
He was also in business with Norton as a cotton merchant.
Brownlow_s_Knoxville_Whig
Wed__Aug_19__1868
The_Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle
Mon Aug_24__1868
Memphis_Daily_Appeal_Thu__Aug_20__1868_
On August 16, 1868, an inquest jury comprised of eight Franklin men determined that Bierfield was killed by bullets fired by “a person or persons to the jury unknown.” The jury wrote - and then crossed out - an additional statement that “from the evidence, the jury are unable to say whether the deed was done maliciously or feloniously.” I understand why that statement was crossed out -- if left standing I would find it hard to believe. It seems to have been obviously a malicious and felonious act.
The Freedmen's Bureau also conducted an investigation. Two agents were sent to Franklin to conduct the inquiry however their work was stymied by the uncooperative white residents of the town.
Some of the community's "best citizens" were assembled in the Courthouse to be interviewed. After several questions, all with no reply, General Judd of the Freedmen's Bureau wrote in his report: “All looked like a set of whipped curs, as they are.” The final report was filed on August 20, 1868. No one was ever prosecuted for any of the murders.
Within a week, reports were appearing in Nashville newspapers of freedmen in the city circulating petitions asking the state legislature to take action to stop the KKK and to help those who had fled from them. This situation had been predicted by the Freemen's Bureau a few months before. The Nashville paper claimed that they had fabricated "their tales of Kuklux outrages."
The_Tennessean_Fri__Aug_21__1868_
The six murders outlined here are just some of the lynchings of African American men that occurred in Franklin and Williamson County during the Reconstruction period. Over the next 25 years, at least five more men were murdered by mobs taking the law into their own hands:
March 1877, Jim Walker was taken from the courthouse by “masked men” and hung “about a mile from town”.
August 1878 Calvin Beatty was lynched by hanging from a hickory tree
October 1878 John Thomas was lynched by hanging
August 10 1888 Amos Miller was lynched by hanging by the KKK from the courthouse railing
April 30, 1891 Jim Taylor lynched from the Murfreesboro Bridge by today's Pinkerton Park in Franklin
This ugly period in America's history, in Franklin and Williamson County's history and in our collective history must not be forgotten. To learn more, visit The National Memorial for Peace and Justice.
Posted by Tina Cahalan Jones at Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Tina Cahalan Jones
Twitter@cahalanjones SlavesToSoldiers.com
July 1868 lynchings in Williamson County, Tennesse...
The Lynching of Amos Miller from the Courthouse Ba...
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In 1974, UNEP established its Regional Seas Programme with the scope of coordinating activities aimed at the protection of the marine environment through a regional approach. The Mediterranean Action Plan was the first UNEP initiative to be developed under the Programme and became the model for other seas across the globe.
In 1975, the Mediterranean States and the European Community approved the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) as the institutional framework for cooperation in addressing common challenges of marine environmental degradation. The MAP also endorsed the preparation of a framework convention for the protection of the marine environment against pollution, as well as two related protocols that would provide a legal basis for action in protecting the Mediterranean marine environment against pollution.
MAP’s initial objectives were to assist the Mediterranean Governments to assess and control pollution, as well as to formulate their national marine environmental policies. Furthermore, the governments were to improve their capacities to identify better options for development and sound decision bases for the allocation of resources, all under the assistance of the MAP.
Even though the initial focus was placed on marine pollution control, experience soon confirmed that socio-economic trends, combined with poor management and planning of development, find themselves at the root of most environmental problems.
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Aug232018August 23, 2018August 23, 2018NoCommentby micmaca25
Five Asian-American Films Before Crazy Rich Asians
Posted in Celebrity News
This month, romantic comedy film Crazy Rich Asians came out in American theatres. The film which is based on the bestselling novel of the same name debuted at 100% on the Tomatometer. Later this month, other Asian-inspired TV and movie projects including Searching (an Asian-American family thriller) and the sitcom Fresh Off the Boat Season 2 will also premiere.
For many people of Asian descent, it’s one good reason to celebrate. Finally, they can see themselves on screen and think “Wow! A film that represents who we are!”
Well, this isn’t actually the first time! There were a few movies before with Asian-American representation. Check out the list below.
What’s Karate without any Asian character? In this famous movie, Asian-American Pat Morita played the role of the sensei Miyagi who taught the young boy Daniel. A remake was done in 2010 which stars Jaden Smith as the kid and Jackie Chan as the kung fu master.
The Wedding Banquet
Several As-Am plots start with immigrant stories. A very common storytelling ground is how the conservative Asian family structure mix and smash against a more liberated American family. The funny story of The Wedding Banquet shows how a gay Taiwanese man marries an Asian woman to please his parents. The woman agrees to the set-up wedding to help her get a green card. The simple wedding arrangement turned to a crazy wedding banquet when his parents decided to join in and discovered their son’s secret relationship to an American man.
The Joy Luck Club
This is what they meant when they said Crazy Rich Asians was the first Asian-American film in 25 years. This movie in 1993 follows the story of four Chinese women who occasionally meet for mah-jong to play and discuss their relationships with their American daughters. Their discussion involves how different their old-school values were from the new freedom their daughters’ experience. Although the movie was a mild box office success, it continues to be part of conversations due to its relevance on how stories are told in the female perspective.
This movie discusses a more important social issue. It’s about Vietnamese refugees who were sent to an orientation camp in California. The story is set in 1975, after President Gerald Ford passed the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, allowing over 100,000 refugees to enter legally the United States. The film tells the story of two children who went through fear and hope. With the help of developing a good relationship with American Sergeant Lance, the two children were able to improve conditions for all other refugees.
Better Luck Tomorrow
This crime-drama film directed by Justin Lin was shown in 2002. It follows the story of four Asian-American overachievers who wanted to do something exciting with their lives. They got involved in petty crimes and later becomes part of a school-wide cheat sheet operation, which led to the incidental death of another student. The film which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival is based loosely on the murder of Stuart Tay, a teenager from California by four high school honor students on December 1992.
Tags:Asian-American FilmsCrazy Rich AsiansGreen DragonThe Joy Luck ClubThe Karate KidThe Wedding Banquet
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Grand Prix - the movie
When it comes to motion pictures about the sport of motor racing, the record of success would have to be described as mixed at best. Indeed, I have seen and heard a few observers venture the opinion that some of the worst creations ever committed to celluloid have been motorsport-related. However, a few efforts shine like a beacon amongst the general mediocrity, and remain vaguely definitive. One of these is the 1966 movie Grand Prix, directed by John Frankenheimer.
It was an opportune time to be conceiving a film about Grand Prix racing. In 1966, the new 3-litre engine formula was instituted, and a new breed of more meaty and muscular machines entered the arena. These cars looked and sounded more dramatic and imposing than their 1.5 litre predecessors. The elegant European aesthetic of the mid-1960s was also a strong ingredient in the movie's appeal.
As well as taking advantage of circumstance, the producers carried off a master-stroke by enlisting the co-operation of the Formula 1 circus, or at least most of it. By filming at the actual venues during the race meetings, they imbued the picture with an authenticity with most other examples of this sub-genre have manifestly lacked.
As for the plot, well if not totally implausible, then it errs decisively towards the "Hollywood". Not that most of the events depicted have not occurred in real life, but not condensed into just a few months, and revolving around a few select people! To some extent, any misgivings concerning about the story-line are ameliorated by the movie's excellence in other departments....
One of the areas in which Grand Prix excels is in its cinematography, the race action sequences being highly accomplished and advanced for their time. Indeed, these portions of the film even stand up to 21st century scrutiny. In a wider sense, the film is visually luxurious and sumptuous, trouble seemingly being taken to focus on landmarks and the opulent.
Of the actors involved, I find James Garner's performance as Pete Aron to be the most convincing and impressive. Garner capably constructs Aron as something of an outsider, a strong and silent type. Hardened and quite cynical, but at the same time a humane and sensible figure. Garner's overall plausibility and impact in the role may be related to his apparent affinity for racing.
The other performance which I find both credible and accomplished is that of Jessica Walter as Pat Stoddard. She comes across as what might have been the public's perception of the typical racing driver's wife of the time, but the character is believable, and as an added bonus Ms Walter is very easy on the eye!
Yves Montand is assured as Jean-Pierre Sarti, evoking the gravitas but increasing weariness of a Fangio-esque elder statesman. It has to be said that some of the other actors did not work quite as well in their roles, whatever those with rose-tinted glasses may say. The poor acting in places is an irritant and a blemish, even if it is unlikely to perturb unduly the people who will view the picture. Some of the acting by the racing drivers is cringe-inducing, but they can be excused!
Having said that the elegance and stylishness of 1960s Europe is an enticing backdrop to Grand Prix, it also sometimes strikes me that 1960s motor racing was quite conservative, "square" even, when compared to other arenas of cultural endeavour of the time. The "dolce vita" ambience therefore could be viewed as a touch dated, whatever its seductiveness.
The film does convey the sense of community and togetherness which, by all accounts, prevailed in those days in the racing scene, and which is so often cited as one of the main ways in which the sport has altered in the ensuing decades. At the same time, the increasing professionalism and commercial pressures are not totally overlooked. It was not always about camararderie and chivalry...
As is obligatory in racing films, there is much philosophising about the dangers and risks, although in fairness this is not done to excessive lengths or in a sensationalistic way. The dialogue on this subject, and related matters, is comparatively mature and understated, rarely descending into mawkishness. For example, the scene outside the pub after the British Grand Prix, involving Sarti and Louise Frederickson, is very well judged.
One criticism which I would level against the script is that there is occasional superfluous "fluff", mostly in the downtime when the cars are not on track. Although it can be contended that these passages would appeal to the "general" audience, discarding them would also have made the film shorter in length. Perhaps they should have made an "alternative" edited version, cutting out the more frivolous parts, for the benefit of petrolheads?
The movie's makers deviated from the real 1966 calendar by having the Italian Grand Prix at Monza as the final race of the season, and also by staging the race on the old banked circuit. For dramatic effect, these decisions were perfectly understandable. The Monza sequences are beautifully constructed, with the circuit presented as the inspiring "cathedral" of motorsport. Tension is created, and many of the strands and sub-plots coalesce.
Granted, the four-man championship showdown may stretch credulity for some observers, but the nature of the race itself was not too dissimilar to many Grands Prix which took place at Monza during that period! The final scene of the entire movie is one of its most masterly and evocative, with James Garner strolling down the pit straight at Monza, in front of deserted grandstands. Spine-tingling stuff....
Despite the reservations, Grand Prix remains a great looking and sounding film, and to a large degree effectively captures the organic and analog F1 of the mid-1960s. It remains amongst the most credible mainstream movies made about auto-racing, and the much-hyped and anticipated efforts of more recent times have almost without exception failed to hold a candle to it. It is still a benchmark of sorts. The conditions under which Frankenheimer's work was made will in all probability never be replicated, and this militates against something matching it. Technology and finances are no substitute for realism, passion, ingenuity, and that intangible "magic"....
Labels: cinema, F1, films, formula 1, grand prix, james garner, john frankenheimer, motor racing, motor sport, motorsport, movies, yves montand
In The Name Of Glory - Tom Rubython
The Limit - Michael Cannell
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G.K. Chesterton's The Man Who Knew Too Much
The Man Who Knew Too Much is a 1922 collection of a dozen short stories by G.K. Chesterton, eight of which feature Horne Fisher, a man who describes himself as The Man Who Knew Too Much.
Horne Fisher has a brilliant mind and knows a great many things, attributes that make him a formidable crime-solver. Sometimes however it is possible to know too much and to be able to do too little about it. As a result Horne Fisher’s cases do not always have neat endings. He almost invariably finds the correct solution but this does not necessarily mean that an arrest can be made and that justice can be done.
The Face in the Target introduces us to Horne Fisher and to his sidekick Harold Marsh. There’s a fairly ingenious murder method and the action takes place among some of the most important people in the kingdom.
The Vanishing Prince is much better. Michael O’Neill is an Irish political agitator who claims descent from royalty, hence his nickname Prince Michael. He has been pursued by the authorities for years, without success. He has a remarkable talent for vanishing when he needs to do. In fact it almost seems as if he can vanish into thin air. Now the police are certain they have him. He has taken refuge in a tower and there is absolutely no possibility of escape. However when the police finally enter the tower, at the cost of two dead police officers, there is no-one there.
Horne Fisher finds the explanation for the mystery and it’s a very clever solution to a very clever crime that is not quite the crime it appears to be. One of the prince’s earlier disappearing acts is just as clever.
The Soul of the Schoolboy is too whimsical and lightweight for its own good. It concerns the theft of a certain rare and very ancient coin, or is it a theft?
The Bottomless Well is a huge improvement. This story takes place in an outpost of the British Empire, somewhere in the Middle East. There is a very ancient well, to which certain legends are attached. There is a hero, and a very imperial hero he is too. There is a handsome young officer, and a none-too-faithful wife. There is murder. What puzzles Horne Fisher is the part that the bottomless well plays in the crime, or rather the part that the bottomless well doesn’t play in the crime.
This is a story which illustrates rather well the peculiar nature of Horne Fisher as a detective. It is obviously disastrous for a detective to know too little but sometimes a detective who knows too much is in an even more invidious position. There are some crimes that simply cannot be solved satisfactorily if the detective knows certain things.
The Hole in the Wall is better still. A masquerade party at a country house ends in a murder, but without a body. The solution has its roots in the Middle Ages and requires Horne Fisher’s sophisticated understanding of the nature of scepticism and his knowledge that names may mean something other than what they seem to mean, or they may mean precisely what they seem to mean.
The Fad of the Fisherman deals with a murder that hinges on politically inspired blackmail and a man’s devotion to fishing.
Horne Fisher describes his early attempt at a political career in The Fool of the Family. The attempt ended in complete failure even though he won the by-election by a landslide. In fact it ended in complete failure because he won the by-election by a landslide. Chesterton is rather merciless about the hypocrisy and dishonesty of politics - clearly politics hasn’t changed much between Chesterton’s day and ours.
The Vengeance of the Statue does include a solution to a murder but it’s secondary to the main thrust of the story which is a kind of political fantasy with hints of science fiction and alternative history and even conspiracy theories.
The eight Horne Fisher stories are loosely connected and while they feature crimes the solutions to which display Fisher’s skills as a detective The Man Who Knew Too Much stories are perhaps better regarded as a political allegory combined with some philosophical speculation about action versus contemplation and the usefulness (or lack of usefulness) of knowledge. Horne Fisher knows an enormous amount about how the world really works but that doesn’t necessarily mean he can do anything about it. If it so happens that one day he is compelled to do something about it the consequences may be momentous and unpredictable.
The other four stories in this collection do not feature Horne Fisher.
The Trees of Pride is a very strange story indeed. There is a detective story here but at times its closer to being a dark fairy tale. The most remarkable thing about Squire Vane’s Cornish estate is the presence of three trees. Popularly referred to as peacock trees they do not seem to belong in Cornwall. In fact the locals feel very strongly that those trees should not be there. There are legends, dark legends, about these trees. There are those who believe the trees can kill. There are even those who believe the trees can eat birds, and possibly people. Squire Vane has no patience with such superstitions. To prove his point he spends a night in the wood where the trees grow, near the sea. The squire enters the wood but he does not leave it on the following day.
Have the trees killed the squire, or has someone murdered him?
Chesterton characteristically uses this story to make pertinent observations about the nature of belief, the persistence of legend and the use (and possible misuse) of both reason and faith. Despite its extreme oddity it’s an intriguingly unusual tale.
The Garden of Smoke is fairly odd as well. There’s certainly a murder. There’s a murder weapon but its in plain sight all the time only no-one can see it. There’s a cast of colourful characters including a quite appalling lady poet and a salty old sea dog. In this tale Chesterton paints a rather damning picture of artists and intellectuals.
In The Five of Swords two amateur detectives, a Frenchman and an Englishman, stumble across the tragic aftermath of a duel. The question is - was it a regular duel conducted according to the rules of honour? Everything suggests that it was, apart from the curious circumstance of the broken pane of glass. Another slightly unconventional but clever tale of detection.
The Tower of Treason takes place in eastern Europe. A coat of diamonds belonging to a long-dead king is protected within a monastery that is more like a fortress. It is quite impossible that the stones could be stolen, and yet they are disappearing a few at a time. A young Englishman comes under suspicion. In desperation to clear his name (and win the love of a certain lady) he calls on his old friend Father Stephen, a once-famous diplomatist who is now a hermit. The hermit asks some very puzzling questions about pickaxes, slippers, bells and birds. The young Englishman fears that his old friend is mad but there is method in the apparent madness of the hermit. Father Stephen is an unconventional a detective as you could ever hope to encounter but he has great wisdom and the answer is to be found in his heart. A strange but oddly compelling tale.
As much as I love Father Brown I’d rate this non-Father Brown collection as being at least as good as the Father Brown stories, and when it comes to plotting probably better. Chesterton loved the detective story but his own approach was always rather unconventional. He uses the detective story to comment on all kinds of social, aesthetic and moral issues but he has a knack of doing this without being irritatingly preachy. Chesterton was not a mere ideologue trying to ram his views down his readers’ throats. His views were complex and often surprising.
It has to be said though that none of the twelve stories in this collection could be described as a straightforward detective story. If you dislike political, philosophical and religious themes mixed in with your tales of detections you might want to approach this collection with caution.
The Horne Fisher stories are generally excellent but the four non-Horne Fisher stories in this collection are in some ways even more interesting (and sometimes quite bizarre).
If you’re a devotee of Chesterton’s crime fiction and you’ve exhausted all the Father Brown stories then The Man Who Knew Too Much may be right up your alley. Highly recommended.
Labels: 1920s, C, crime fiction, golden age detective fiction
Matt Helm: The Removers
The Removers was the third of Donald Hamilton’s Matt Helm spy thrillers. The first thing you need to understand when approaching the Matt Helm books is that they bear little or no resemblance to the films. The films are great high camp fun but the Matt Helm novels are serious spy fiction and very hard-boiled.
Swedish-born American writer Donald Hamilton (1916-2006) published twenty-seven Matt Helm books between 1960 and 1993, as well as writing crime fiction and westerns.
One of the interesting features of the early Matt Helm novels is that they absolutely must be read in sequence. It is assumed that the reader is aware of crucial background information on both the hero’s professional career and personal life contained in the previous books in the series. The events of the earlier books have a significant impact on the hero’s life and on his attitude towards his job. If you haven’t read the first two books (Death of a Citizen and The Wrecking Crew) then for one thing you’re not going to comprehend the relationship between Matt Helm and Beth in The Removers. You’re also not going to understand most of Helm’s motivations.
This makes The Removers tricky to review since I have to avoid spoilers not only for this novel but also for the previous ones. I’ll do my best to make this review totally spoiler-free but this does mean that I’ll have to be extra vague about elements of the plot.
Matt Helm is a US counter-espionage agent of a rather specialised kind. In fact he’s more or less a professional assassin. He had been involved in very secret, and very deadly, operations during the Second World War as part of a unit run by a man known as Mac. After the war he had returned to civilian life and made his living writing westerns. One day his past caught up with him and he found himself back in the world of espionage again. He thought this was going to be a strictly temporary thing but it’s not an easy world to walk away from.
The Removers begins with Matt being asked for help, quite out of the blue, by Beth. He’s due for a vacation anyway so he sets off for Nevada. He’s a bit curious as to why Mac wants him to make contact with another agent there. This is supposed to be a vacation after all.
As one might expect it proves to be a very eventful vacation. When he gets to the ranch he meets a girl. Her name seems familiar. This is not surprising since she’s the daughter of a notorious racketeer. The very specialised agency for which Matt works does not usually concern itself with mobsters but perhaps there’s something more going on here? The alert reader will already have noticed references to some curious accidents in the area.
What Matt has walked into is not just a situation involving spies and gangsters but also a complicated series of interconnecting family squabbles and one of the families involved is his own.
One of the many differences between the Matt Helm books and the Bond books is in the settings. Hamilton did not go in for exotic locales to the extent that most of his contemporary thriller writers did. The Removers takes place entirely in Nevada, in cheap motels and cabins and on remote horse trails. Hamilton wrote westerns as well as thrillers so perhaps it’s not surprising he’d pick a setting that would have worked fine in a western. And can you imagine James Bond being in Nevada and not gambling? Matt Helm simply has no interest in gambling.
Matt also does not drive a typical secret agent car. He drives a battered Chevy pickup truck.
The tone is remarkably brutal. Matt Helm is not a glamorous spy and he’s also entirely lacking in chivalry or honour or any romantic notions whatsoever. He’s a professional. He gets the job done. If other people get hurt that’s very unfortunate. He tries not to get innocent bystanders involved but sometimes it happens and he doesn’t lose any sleep over it. The US government pays him and he leaves it to them to worry about any ethical concerns. He is also not into the noble self-sacrificing hero thing. He does his job but he sees no reason why he should take unnecessary risks.
While the Matt Helm books do not subscribe to the kind of moral relativism that became fashionable among some 60s spy writers they do not shrink from the fact that both sides in the Cold War espionage game played by the same rules. The KGB has its cold-blooded killers but they’re no more coild-blooded than Matt Helm. This gives the book a very modern feel. Matt Helm is not an anti-hero but he is an uncompromisingly tough and brutal hero. Overall the tone is much closer to Greene and Ambler than to Fleming, but with generous helpings of the sex and violence that Fleming had added to the genre.
The Removers is violent and cynical but it’s also exciting and well-crafted. This is a gritty realist noir spy novel and Hamilton does it well. If you’re a fan of spy fiction the early Matt Helms are essential reading. Highly recommended.
Posted by dfordoom at 12:55 AM 2 comments:
Labels: 1960s, H, matt helm, spy fiction, thrillers
J. J. Connington’s The Boat-House Riddle
The Boat-House Riddle was the sixth of J. J. Connington’s Sir Clinton Driffield mysteries. It was published in 1931, at a time when Connington was at the peak of his powers as a writer of detective fiction.
Alfred Walter Stewart (1880-1947) was a distinguished Scottish chemist who wrote detective fiction as a sideline. His background as a scientist in reflected in the clear-sightedly rational and unsentimental nature of his detective stories and it’s reflected even more clearly in the personality of his most famous series detective, Sir Clinton Driffield.
It is always a mistake for a fictional detective to decide to take a holiday. No matter where they elect to spend their vacation you can be sure that a murder will soon follow, even if it happens to be a sleepy village that has not seen a case a murder for half a century.
In this case the murdered man is a gamekeeper, employed by Mr and Mrs Keith-Westerton. The Keith-Westertons are neighbours of Sir Clinton’s old friend Squire Wendover, with whom he is staying. The man who reported the murder is Cley, a notorious poacher known to be on bad terms with the keeper. The body was bound at Friar Point’s, just across the like from Wendover’s new boat-house (which happens to be his pride an joy). There are several tracks leading to and from the murder scene but the evidence suggests that the murderer left the scene on foot but arrived by some other means, possibly by boat. To Wendover’s annoyance and embarrassment the evidence further suggests that the murderer may have set forth by boat from Wendover’s boat-house.
This is not an impossible crime story. Several people could quite plausibly have killed the gamekeeper Horncastle. The difficulty lies in the inconvenient fact that none of these people has any kind of motive.
Attention soon becomes focused on Wendover’s boat-house. There are clues to be found there but their meaning is obscure. Why would anyone steal the motor from a gramophone? Other clues are equally confusing. A Salvation Army man was in the vicinity both before and after the murder and his explanation for his presence is most unsatisfactory. There seem to be pearls everywhere. There’s a mysterious French priest. There’s Squire Wendover’s missing screwdriver. And while Wendover has assured Sir Clinton that no-one could possibly have gained access to the boat-house it soon becomes apparent that practically everyone in the district could, and probably does, possess a copy of the key.
Connington has a reputation for complex but extremely sound plotting and that’s certainly the case here. It’s always a joy to see a master craftsman at work. This novel does break one of the unofficial rules of detective fiction of this period but that does not prevent tis from being a fine fair-play mystery.
Sir Clinton Driffield takes a unsentimental and brutally realistic (and sometimes almost ruthless) approach to crime. He is very much like the protagonist in Connington’s pioneering science fiction novel Nordenholt’s Million. When he sees what has to be done he does it, no matter how unpleasant it might be and no matter how unpopular his actions might be. And he is a natural leader. He is the sort of man who takes command in any situation, not because he enjoys power but because he assumes (usually correctly) that he is the man best qualified to do so. He understands very clearly that sentimentality can cause more suffering than hardheaded realism and clearsightedness. This might not make him an obviously sympathetic detective hero but once you realise where he’s coming from he grows on you, and in fact he’s one of the more interesting of golden age detectives. His approach is actually rather bracing.
It’s reasonable to assume that Driffield’s unsentimental view of things probably reflects Connington’s own view and Murder in the Maze and The Castleford Conundrum are very definitely lacking in sentimentality.
Connington most certainly cannot be accused of being a mere writer of cozy mysteries.
The Boat-House Riddle is Connington at his best, which means it’s puzzle-plot mystery writing at its best. Highly recommended.
Posted by dfordoom at 11:18 PM 2 comments:
Labels: 1930s, C, crime fiction, golden age detective fiction, j j connington
Guy Boothby's The Lust of Hate
The Lust of Hate was the third of the five Dr Nikola novels written by Guy Boothby (1867-1905). Boothby was an Australian writer who enjoyed international success until his career was cut short by his untimely death.
Dr Nikola was one of the earliest fictional diabolical criminal masterminds although his interests extend well beyond mere crime. He has interests in the occult and what might be termed the paranormal. In fact his motivations make him resemble the less scrupulous medieval alchemists and his criminal activities serve the purpose of financing his researches.
Dr Nikola made his literary debut in 1895 in Boothby’s novel A Bid for Fortune. Dr Nikola Returns followed in 1896. The Lust of Hate appeared in 1898.
Dr Nikola plays a subsidiary role in The Lust of Hate although it is his latest criminal scheme that drives the plot.
The hero of this novel is Gilbert Pennethorne, younger son of a Cornish baronet. Gilbert seems to have remarkably bad luck. His mother died giving birth to him and as a result his father has never had any affection for him. His school career is undistinguished and although he claims to have been entirely innocent of any disciplinary breach he is sent down from Oxford after his first year. His father settles his debts for him and throws him out. Gilbert has enough money to take him to Australia where he is determined to make his fortune.
Ill luck continues to dog him. His investments invariably turn out badly. He hopes to find riches on the goldfields but always without success. Then his luck suddenly turns, or so it appears, but this turns out to be another illusion. He is cheated of a vast fortune.
Gilbert receives a paltry inheritance when his father dies and returns to England. He can think of nothing but avenging himself on the man who cheated him. Then he meets Dr Nikola. Nikola assures him that he can have his revenge without the slightest risk of arrest by the police. Nikola has devised a method of murder that is entirely perfect and foolproof. And he requires only a small share of the riches that will accrue to Gilbert as a result.
Gilbert by this time is perhaps not quite in his right mind and he succumbs to temptation. The plan does not turn out as expected. Gilbert decides to flee and takes ship for South Africa. He hopes to start life afresh and eventually to make amends for the terrible sin he has committed. At this point Gilbert’s adventures have only just begun, and extraordinary adventures they are (even if they do strain credibility quite a bit).
While the earlier Dr Nikola books were true diabolical criminal mastermind thrillers The Lust of Hate is pretty much pure melodrama. Personally I have no objection to melodrama and this one is entertaining enough.
The book’s greatest weakness is that Dr Nikola effectively plays a supporting role only and the story doesn’t add very much to our knowledge of Nikola. Which is a pity since he is a splendid character.
Gilbert Pennethorne veers between abject self-pity and sudden bursts of insane heroism. He really does seem to be have become, temporarily, just a little unhinged by his misfortunes. Modern readers will need to take into account that Gilbert’s self-sacrificing tendencies which might seem excessive today would have been considered to be quite praiseworthy in 1898.
The highlight of the book is Dr Nikola’s ingenious scheme for committing perfect murders for profit. Nikola’s slightly ambivalent attitude towards his victims (and there are sings of this in the earlier books as well) make him an interesting villain. For Nikola evil is merely a means to an end.
The Lust of Hate is odd but enjoyable in its own way and Dr Nikola fans will certainly not want to miss it. Worth a look.
Boothby also enjoyed success with his stories of the gentleman-thief Simon Carne, collected in A Prince of Swindlers.
Labels: 19th century, adventure tales, B, diabolical criminal masterminds, victorian detective stories
John le Carré’s The Looking Glass War
The Looking Glass War was John le Carré’s fourth novel and also the fourth to feature his most famous character, British spy George Smiley. John le Carré had scored a major bestseller with The Spy Who Came in from the Cold in 1963. This was certainly not the first spy novel to feature an unglamorous hero nor was it the first to introduce a tone of gritty realism combined with cynicism and defeat. Eric Ambler had been writing dark cynical spy novels (like Epitaph for a Spy) for years as had Graham Greene (in books like Stamboul Train). It was however The Spy Who Came in from the Cold that really put despair and moral nihilism at centre stage in the world of spy fiction.
For all its nihilism The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is an entertaining and exciting spy novel. For his next novel le Carré decided to up the ante. This book would really show the world of espionage as it was - a dull dreary world of blunders, office politics, petty backstabbing and general incompetence, with very little excitement. Not surprisingly when The Looking Glass War was published in 1965 it failed to match the commercial success of The Spy Who Came in from the Cold although it could be argued that in artistic terms it achieved le Carré’s aims.
The Department is a branch of the British intelligence services. Its glory days were the years of the Second World War when it was at the forefront of the secret war, conducting daring aerial reconnaissance missions and dropping agents behind enemy lines. Those glory years are now well and truly in the past. During the war there had been a fierce competitiveness between the Department and a rival British intelligence agency known as the Circus. In theory the Department handles operations against strictly military targets while the Circus handles the political side. In practice the Circus has gradually taken over all of the Department’s functions, and has also poached most of the Department’s more competent employees. In fact the Department now has almost nothing to do and probably only survives at all due to bureaucratic inertia.
The head of the Department, Leclerc, is also a relic of World War II. Unfortunately he still dreams of recapturing the Department’s former glory and now he thinks he’s found a way to do so. One of his few remaining agents (another ageing Second World War veteran) has come across an East German defector who has some photographs to sell. Only three of the photographs show anything at all and what they do show is open to debate. In the right light, and if you hold them at the right angle, there are blurred shapes that could be ballistic missiles. To be honest these shapes could be anything at all, or could even be absolutely nothing, but Leclerc chooses to believe he has discovered that the Soviets are deploying medium-range ballistic missiles not far from Rostock in East Germany. It could be the Cuban Missile Crisis all over again, with Leclerc and the Department taking centre stage.
Leclerc somehow gets authorisation for a clandestine overflight. He dispatches Taylor, yet another ageing relic of the war and a man with no experience as a field agent, to retrieve the photographs. The result is a shambles. Leclerc then sends his young aide Avery, a man with zero operational experience, to make another attempt to retrieve the film. The result is another shambles.
With no hard evidence whatsoever Leclerc manages to persuade the Ministry to authorise him to infiltrate an agent into the Rostock area. The problem is that the Department has no field agents available. In fact they have no field agents at all, and no recent experience or expertise in running such operations. Finally they manage to unearth a possibility, a middle-aged Pole who had worked for them during the war. The man in question has done no intelligence work for twenty years and to be honest no-one is even sure that he’s still alive. Using such a man is a fantastically bad idea but the alternative would be to turn the matter over to the Circus, and Leclerc will not consider that since his main objective is to score a victory over the Circus and restore the reputation (and the budget) of the Department.
The operation will go ahead and the stage is set for what could turn out to be tragedy, comedy or tragi-comedy. The ineptitude of the Department is awe-inspiring. Their agent will be equipped with a World War II-vintage radio set since nobody will trust the Department with a modern set. Apart from Avery all the personnel involved in training the agent and planning the operation are old men who have no idea that techniques and technology may have advanced since the war.
Watching from the sidelines with a good deal of interest is George Smiley from the Circus.
While le Carré was obviously suggesting that the British intelligence services were run by bungling cynical incompetents living on memories of past glories the Department can also be seen as a metaphor for Britain in the postwar world - run by bumbling cynical incompetents still clinging to the absurd belief that Britain was a great power. The constant dwelling by Leclerc and his underlings on the proud days of the Second World War adds another layer of irony given that this was the war that ruined Britain as a great power.
The plot almost qualifies as black comedy but le Carré tells his story straight. He was clearly aiming for tragedy rather than comedy.
Leclerc and his minions, especially Haldane, are great characters. They’re ridiculous and pompous and totally out of their depth but somehow you can’t help feeling a certain sympathy for them. The world of the 1940s that was familiar to them has vanished and they are totally lost in the world of the 1960s. George Smiley is just as old but he has adapted, but then Leclerc and his crew have never been given the chance to adapt. Of course any sympathy we feel for them is tempered by the knowledge that their blundering and their dreams of recapturing past glories could entail a high cost in human life, and that they will happily send men to their deaths to further their own careers.
The Looking Glass War is an unconventional and exceptionally bleak spy novel with virtually no action but it manages to be fascinating in its willingness to confront what is after all in reality a sordid and vicious business. Highly recommended.
Labels: 1960s, C, L, spy fiction
G.K. Chesterton's The Donnington Affair
The Donnington Affair is an intriguing example of a detective story with multiple authors (a idea that would enjoy a considerable vogue during the golden age of detective fiction). The first half of The Donnington Affair was written by Sir Max Pemberton and published in October 1914. It gives us the set-up and the murder. Pemberton challenged G.K. Chesterton to provide the solution. The second half of the story, published in the same periodical a month later, was written by Chesterton and describes Father Brown’s solution to the mystery.
Pemberton’s mystery is ingenious enough. It involves bitter family quarrels, a son who has turned (although not with any great success) to crime and a country house riddled with secrets. There’s no shortage of suspects but the time and the place of the murder presents problems for any would-be detective.
Chesterton’s little priest-detective was certainly fascinated by criminal puzzles but he was always more interested in crimes as spiritual and moral puzzles rather then mere intellectual games. Chesterton in this case succeeds reasonably well in making this into an authentic Father Brown mystery.
The Donnington Affair is included (along with a couple of previously uncollected tales) in the Penguin Classics Complete Father Brown Stories.
The Donnington Affair might not be one of the best Father Brown stories but fans of the priestly sleuth will find that it’s worth checking out.
Labels: C, crime fiction, edwardian and early 20th century, golden age detective fiction, P
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Lee Camp's vision for America
Starting a page to share Lee Camp's inspiring vision for America. We heard something about KEEP FIGHTING! This is our attempt to establish real bleeping democracy! Tho, this is the internet and there's no need to censor ourselves (looking at you Google!). And while you still may have health care and vision, here are some of his awesome video's at Redacted Tonight.
Trump is lying us into war just like the presidents before him
If you’re worried that Trump is taking this country down some horrible uncharted path - leading us into the great unknown of orange demise - you can worry no longer! In some ways Trump is boldly and predictably behaving exactly like many - if not most - former presidents. I’m speaking specifically about lying us into war. So I’m saying - Have no fear that Trump is unpredictable; his reasons for shooting explosive devices into foreign lands are AS false as those of so many American leaders before him. He is following a grand tradition of lying to the American citizenry in order to gain their ill-informed yet blisteringly enthusiastic support for blowing up other nations (or rather bits of other nations - but usually the important bits). So if you’re looking for the comfort and security of routine, you have found it.
This week famed Pulitzer-Prize winning journalist Seymour Hersh revealed that the motivations (and facts) given by Trump for bombing Syria were about as truthful as an OJ Simpson testimony (unless that testimony is about Hertz Rent-A-Car, which I still believe Simpson legitimately loves). To simplify the story, Hersh has revealed that the Syrian military did NOT use chemical weapons, that the US military knew exactly what Assad’s military was doing at the time, that the bombing was meant to hit "a high-level meeting of jihadist leaders” - and did just that. The resulting deaths caused by any form of chemicals were due to stores of chlorine, bleach, and fertilizer in the building that was struck - the literal fog of war. Here’s what Hersh’s source said - “This was not a chemical weapons strike. That’s a fairy tale. If so, everyone involved in transferring, loading and arming the weapon – you’ve got to make it appear like a regular 500-pound conventional bomb – would be wearing Hazmat protective clothing in case of a leak. There would be very little chance of survival without such gear. [Military grade sarin] is odorless and invisible and death can come within a minute. No cloud. Why produce a weapon that people can run away from?”
But instead there was a slow-moving cloud of chemicals. "A Bomb Damage Assessment (BDA) by the U.S. military later determined that the heat and force of the 500-pound Syrian bomb triggered a series of secondary explosions that could have generated a huge toxic cloud that began to spread over the town, formed by the release of the fertilizers, disinfectants and other goods stored in the basement…" Patients on the scene “smelled of bleach, suggesting that they had been exposed to chlorine.” (Remember Sarin gas has no smell.)
Hersh states that although senior members of Trump’s national security team knew the truth and tried to impress it upon the president, Trump could not be talked out of viewing this as chemical warfare. Hersh says, “In a series of interviews, I learned of the total disconnect between the president and many of his military advisers and intelligence officials, as well as officers on the ground in the region who had an entirely different understanding of the nature of Syria’s attack on Khan Sheikhoun.” …All this time I was under the impression Trump was just dumb and misinformed. What a relief to learn he is informed correctly but actively chooses to ignore the truth.
Keep in mind that it’s not only The Don who is involved in this crime; our corporate media apparently ONLY buys Trump's snake oil by the gallon when it involves ONE solitary topic: The reasons for blowing up pieces of other countries. And not just do they believe him, but they’re downright giddy about it! When Trump decided to actively bomb Syria (as opposed to our standard operating procedure of dumping money and guns into the hands of rebels we don’t understand nor have control over), he was lauded by nearly every mainstream outlet. Even his nemesis-du-jour Joe Scarborough celebrated Donald’s brilliant decision made over “the best” chocolate cake. Brian Williams’ crew had to wipe off the camera lens following his reporting on the glowing missiles fired into the night sky. Essentially no serious discussion was given to questions about the “chemical attack” Assad has perpetrated. With every other lie Trump tells - and we all know he makes Lance Armstrong look like a lightweight - our mainstream media calls him out for being chock full of shit. The ONLY thing they celebrate the veracity of is war propaganda. It’s the equivalent of being upset with your friend for his endless manipulation and selfishness in regard to everything from foosball scoring to who bought the last round of drinks - EXCEPT when it comes to the Tinder dates he’s been murdering and storing under his bed. For THOSE, you are not upset and in fact congratulate him on a job well done.
And this is not the first time a U.S. president has led us into bombing a sovereign nation with the willful (and some might say gleeful) assistance of the mainstream media. Here are just three examples of many:
1) Weapons of Mass destruction in Iraq: I’m not sure if you’re familiar with this minor moment in America’s distant past. The year was 2003 and a young man named Saddam Hussein had really gotten our goat. Following the traumatic events of 9/11, Hussein was discovered committing the unforgivable crime of ruling a country in the general vicinity of the country that actually birthed the hijackers who attacked us. On top of that, he sat atop a lot of oil that he stubbornly refused to give us free of charge - even though we asked nicely (not nicely). Luckily, his aggressive weapons of mass destruction program gave us an ironclad reason to invade. He was preparing to kill a million innocent people! Later - after he had been toppled, arrested, hanged, and we had killed roughly a million innocent people - we found his weapons program consisted of four guys with a sling shot (but the sling shot could be retrofitted to launch stones as large as a papaya). In our defense, after the million people were killed, the New York Times DID issue a correction on the whole “weapons of mass destruction” thing. It read: “Correction: Over the past four years we reported that Saddam Hussein had a fully-realized program to produce weapons of mass destruction, and therefore the U.S. needed to invade Iraq, destroy their society, topple their government, and kill a lot of people. …Please ignore that reporting.” (It did not actually read as such, but you get the idea.)
2) The Gulf of Tonkin Incident: This incident which got us into a protracted - and altogether unpleasant - war in Vietnam was a lie from the beginning. Even the name is a lie. “The Gulf of Tonkin Incident” is actually two incidents that are actually only one incident, which is actually only a half an incident. The incidents took place on August 2nd and 4th of 1964. One of them didn’t happen and the other kind of happened. On Aug 2nd, the USS Maddox exchanged gun fire with three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats. The US claimed the North Vietnamese fired first, but in fact the USS Maddox fired the first shots. Then, fresh off the heels of THAT horrible battle, on Aug 4th, two US ships spent four hours firing on various radar targets that were attacking them. They sunk two torpedo boats – which may sound like a win, but once you take into account that those torpedo boats did not adhere to the traditional definition of “existence,” it’s surprising the US navy didn’t sink far MORE than just two imaginary boats. Yes, that’s right. The US military spent four hours shooting at rain clouds in the Gulf of Tonkin. Considering the awesome power of our weaponry, it’s surprising we weren’t able to win that battle in no more than two hours. Following that confrontation Defense Secretary McNamara advised President Johnson to retaliate and the president agreed. So our justification for getting involved in Vietnam was two incidents which were actually one incident which was actually our fault. Over the next several years 58,000 US service members and as many as 3.8 million Vietnamese would die in the fighting. …But those rain clouds knew not to mess with us from then on.
3) Afghanistan: Almost all of the 9/11 hijackers were from Saudi Arabia and Osama Bin Laden was ultimately found hiding in Pakistan. But MAN did we fuck up Afghanistan!
So ask yourself how much mainstream media reporting you’ve heard of the fact that Trump bombed Syria for completely false reasons. Our media has a seemingly limitless amount of time and energy to get the story wrong but just can’t seem to find enough free hours to get it right. Also ask yourself WHY while Assad is winning the war against the rebels he would choose to do that one thing that would get the Americans directly involved. Strategically it would be about the dumbest thing he could possibly do. It would be like if the Golden State Warriors were up by 20 in the last sixty seconds of the NBA finals and suddenly Steph Curry stabs Lebron James in the thigh with a knife. Sure, it might take James out of the game, but it would also land Curry in jail following a game the Warriors were about to win.
If there is anything our nation’s fourth estate should take seriously, it’s war (especially considering the fact our presidents clearly don’t take it seriously). So corporate media - please drop your pom-poms and do your damn job before you allow our ruling elite to lie the American people into massacring another million human beings half a world away.
...That was my less cynical pretend-the-media-wants-what's-best-for-America ending. ...Here's my ACTUAL ending:
The corporate media serves no purpose if not to buttress aggressive nationalism and unquestioned jingoism. They perpetrate a fraud on the American people in order to make sure we support the seemingly endless bombing of other countries. If they do not bolster blind American hegemony, then they will be stripped of their cushy positions, gold-plated healthcare, and sparkly cocktail parties.
(If you'd like to help me out by sharing this column, you can find the link at the top of LeeCamp.com.)
Thanks and keep fighting.
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Lee Camp
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Carla Cioffi
NASA: Space Shuttle Retirement
Location: Washington, DC area
Biography: Carla Cioffi is a documentary, editorial and fine art photographer. She was born in Caracas, Venezuela to a Sicilian father and an American mother. As a photographer/photo archivist at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)... read on
Focus: Photographer, Photojournalist, Politics, Travel, Fine Art, Environment, Documentary, News, Photography, Portraiture, Stock, Lifestyle, Events, Art, Culture, Freelance, Assignments
Skills: Image Archiving, Digital Printing, Adobe Photoshop, Photo Editing, Black & White Printing, Color Printing, Photojournalism, Film Photography
1 of 50 © 2020 Carla Cioffi
Space shuttles Discovery and Enterprise are seen at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA. Space shuttle Enterprise was moved from NASM to New York City so that space shuttle Discovery could be put on display.
Space Shuttle Discovery
Spectators are seen as they welcome space shuttle Discovery to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA.
The noses of space shuttle Enterprise, left, and space shuttle Discovery are seen facing each other.
A boy spots space shuttle Discovery atop a Boeing 747coming in for a landing at Dulles International Airport in Virginia.
Space shuttle Discovery is seen atop a Boeing 747 as it comes in for a landing at Dulles International Airport in Virginia.
10 of 50 © 2020 Carla Cioffi
Two brothers watch space shuttle Discovery atop a Boeing 747coming in for a landing at Dulles International Airport in Virginia.
Space shuttle Enterprise is seen outside of its former hangar at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA.
Spectators are seen welcoming space shuttle Discovery to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA.
The Marine Corp band is seen playing at a welcome ceremony for space shuttle Discovery at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA.
Space shuttle Discovery is seen being wheeled in to its new home at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, VA.
Space Shuttle Endeavour
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen leaving Los Angeles International Airport to start its 12 mile, 3-day traverse over the streets of LA to the California Science Center.
Neighbors on a residential street are seen as they welcome and cheer on space shuttle Endeavour.
A man is seen on the roof of a building making photos of space shuttle Endeavour as it makes its way through the streets of Los Angeles.
Thousands of people lined the streets of LA to watch space shuttle Endeavour traverse through their streets to its final destination at the California Science Center.
Engineers prepare space shuttle Endeavour for the second day of its 3-day journey to the California Science Center.
A woman is seen high above in a cherry picker making photos of Endeavour with her iPad.
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen traversing through the streets of Los Angeles.
A policeman is seen next to space shuttle Endeavour on the first day of its 3-day journey to the California Science Center.
A couple is seen on the roof of their house making photos of space shuttle Endeavour as it makes its way through the streets of Los Angeles.
An engineer maneuvres space shuttle Endeavour through the streets of Los Angeles with a remote joy stick.
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen next to a billboard advertising the TV show Dexter as it traverses through the streets of Los Angeles.
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen passing a car wash as it traverses through the streets of Los Angeles.
Electrical wires are pulled up so space shuttle Endeavour could continue on its way to the California Science Center.
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen next to Randy's Donuts in Los Angeles.
A film crew for a Toyota commercial prepares to shoot an advertisement of a Toyota pickup pulling space shuttle Endeavour.
The wing of space shuttle Endeavour almost grazes the houses on its route to the California Science Center.
An engineer is seen trying to figure out how to maneuvre space shuttle Endeavour around this tree. More than 400 trees were cut down to facilitate Endeavour's journey to the California Science Center.
Space shuttle Endeavour is seen on a narrow residential street in Los Angeles.
A policeman is seen next to space shuttle Endeavour on the second evening of its 3-day journey to the California Science Center.
Credits: carla cioffi
Location: Los Angeles and Washington, DC
Archived as: California, Documentary, Editorial, Historical, Los Angeles, NASA, Photography, Photojournalism, Science, Space Shuttle, Spaceflight, Travel, Washington, DC
NASA retired its remaining space shuttle fleet in 2011, after 30 years of service. Each space shuttle was transferred to an eductional institution or museum to be put on display. Space shuttle Discovery was transferred to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum - Udvar Hazy Center in Dulles, Virginia just outside of Washington, DC in April of 2012. Space shuttle Endeavour was flown to Los Angeles later that year to make its new home at the California Science Center. Both shuttles were flown from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida atop a specially rigged Boeing 747 to their respective new homes. Endeavour traversed 12 miles snaking through the streets of Los Angeles over three days from LAX to the California Science Center.
The images in this series are of these two events.
Carla Cioffi Stories NASA: Space Shuttle Retirement
By Carla Cioffi —
Qatar: Landscape of Construction
By Carla Cioffi — Carla Cioffi's Qatar series integrates street photography and architecture for a reportage on the transformations taking place in Qatar in..
Nevertheless, We Persist
By Carla Cioffi — Nevertheless, We Persist: A Year of Resistance The United States has erupted in protests, rallies and marches since the Trump administration took..
NASA: Human Spaceflight
By Carla Cioffi — From 2007 - 2013, I had the good fortune to work as a Photographer/Photo Archivist at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. During this time, I..
Al Shahaniya Camel Racetrack
By Carla Cioffi — In 2014, I had the opportunity to live and work in Qatar for a year and a half. One of the more fascinating places to visit was the Al Shahaniya..
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A Letter From John » Visit www.griefrecoverymethod.com » Watch a Testimonial »
John W. James
Founder of The Grief Recovery Institute®
Co-Author of The Grief Recovery
Handbook & When Children Grieve
Grief Recovery Home
Articles & Media
Ask Grief Experts
Where were you when I needed you?
The saddest question we ever hear is, "Where were you when I needed you?"
That's what people ask when they find out what we do in helping grievers. We're presenting helpful and accurate information on this site, at the time you need it most, with the hope that you'll never need to ask that question.
It's an honor and a sad privilege to be addressing you, knowing that each of you has recently experienced the death of someone important to you. We also know some of you are reading this because of your care and concern for someone who is confronted by the death of someone important in their life.
We bring our personal experience in dealing with the deaths of people who were important to us, and our professional know-how in helping grievers for more than 30 years. We'll help you distinguish between the "raw grief" that is your normal and natural reaction to the death, and the equally normal "unresolved grief" that relates to the unfinished emotions that are part of the physical ending of all relationships.
A basic reality for most grieving people is difficulty concentrating or focusing. With that in mind, we asked Tributes.com to print our articles in a large type font to make them easier to read. Sharing our concern for grieving people, they agreed.
From our hearts to yours,
Learn More About John & the Grief Recovery Institute »
Ask The Grief Experts
Her possessions represent a tangible link to her and your memory of your life with her. (Published 5-22-2012)
My mom died in September, 2010, and it feels like it was yesterday. When will my hurting stop? I go in her room and can’t help to get in her bed and cry. I miss her so much. I wish she was still here. I don’t want anybody to move or get her stuff. I get very upset and hurt. Is this normal?
A Grief Expert Replies:
Dear Rebecka,
Thanks for your note and questions.
All of what you report is very normal, even to feeling like it only happened very recently. When someone is that important to us, memories and feelings about them can dominate our lives.
It’s also very understandable that you don’t want anyone to move or get her stuff. Her possessions represent a tangible link to her and your memory of your life with her.
As to when the hurting stops: Time cannot heal emotional wounds. Therefore there is no time zone for when you will magically feel less pain. Most of the pain you feel probably relates to what her death left incomplete for you.
We suggest you go to the bookstore or library and get a copy of The Grief Recovery Handbook. As you read it and take the actions it outlines, you will find the pain diminishing , even though you will still have the normal feelings of missing her.
Also, after you've taken the actions of grief recovery, you'll be able to make clear decisions about what you want to do with her possessions. You may want to keep some and discard others, but that should always be your choice.
Russell And John
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Ask The Grief Experts Archives
Dealing effectively with your grief helps you guide your children in theirs. (Published 12/27/16)
Inaccurate advice, though "well-meaning," can confuse or even hurt grieving people. (Published 12/20/16)
It's normal for dying people — and their caretakers — to get cranky from time to time. (Published 12/13/16)
Sad as it may be, you can't help someone who doesn't want help. (Published 12/06/16)
One of the benefits of grief recovery is remembering the person the way we knew them in life, not only as we knew them in death. (Published 11/29/16)
When going through a loved one's belongings, have a trusted friend with you. (Published 11/22/16)
If you’d known, you would have found a way to visit; nothing would have stopped you. (Published 11/15/16)
Forgiveness is for you, to give you freedom. It is not for the person(s) who hurt you. (Published 11/08/16)
There’s no one universal thing to say or do that will always fit. (Published 11/1/16)
What people show on the outside and what they feel on the inside are often worlds apart.
Punishing yourself for something you didn't cause, and lack the power to undo, is unfair to you. (Published 10/18/16)
Most people don’t even know that recovery from loss is possible, much less how to go about it. (Published 10/11/16)
Other issues are distracting, but your primary task is dealing with your broken heart. (Published 10/4/16)
The attempt to protect children from grief can backfire!
The best way to find out how someone else feels is for you to go first! (Published 09/20/2016)
Sometimes the best way to help someone else is to help yourself. (Published 9/13/2016)
The circumstances of a death — whether by suicide or other causes — can create a temporary or long-term breach of faith. (Published 9/6/2016)
Sometimes unresolved grief can look like competition or comparison.
It's sad when those we love are no longer here. It's even sadder when we don't talk about them.
Many stimuli, conscious or unconscious, can provoke memories that make us sad. (Published 8/16/2016)
It's normal and natural to have sad emotions when looking at pictures and videos. (Published 8/9/16)
Time can’t heal an emotional wound anymore than it can fix a flat tire (Published 8/2/16)
When our parents die, many of our feelings are childlike, no matter how old we are. (Published 7/26/16)
Telling children the truth about suicide of a parent — difficult but essential. (Published 7/19/2016)
Death of a former spouse from whom we’re divorced can be devastating. (Published 7/12/2016)
Remarriages often cause wedges between original family members. (Published 7/5/2016)
It's dangerous to compare our insides to other people's outsides. (Published 6/28/2016)
It's not helpful to blame ourselves for the decisions others make. (Published 6/21/2016)
The death of a younger sibling can be very painful for those of us who helped raise them. (Published 6/7/2016)
We don’t want to “get over” our emotional relationships with people or animals; that would mean forgetting them. (Published 5/31/2016)
It's not uncommon for grieving parents to struggle with pain and jealousy when they see children at family events. (Published 5/24/2016)
You may regret the decision NOT to attend a memorial more than the sad feelings you might have if you attend. (Published 5/17/2016)
It's heartbreaking, but grandparents are often legally kept from seeing their grandkids. (Published 5/11/2016)
There's a world of difference between grief and grief recovery. (Published 5/3/2016)
Memorials and shrines are excellent reminders of people we love, but they do not necessarily facilitate recovery.
You can't change someone who doesn't want to change.
We must grieve and complete each relationship so that fond memories do not turn painful on us. (Published 4/19/2016)
It's difficult to make crucial medical decisions when your emotions are up in the air. (Published 4/12/2016)
New relationship doesn't have that "I can't live without you" feeling. (Published 4/5/2016)
Finally found dad, only to have him torn away by a gory accident. (Published 3/29/2016)
The divorce or break-up ends the day-to-day physical relationship, but doesn't complete the emotional attachment. (Published 3/22/2016)
Opening the emotional door to all memories, not just the painful ones. (Published 3/15/2016)
The difficult task of letting your Alzheimer's affected family member or friend be who they are not who they used to be. (Published 3/8/2016)
The news that a former spouse died years ago can feel as raw as if it hapened today. (Published 3/1/2016)
When someone from our romantic past dies it can unearth unfinished emotions, or unresolved grief. (Published 02/23/2016)
Adapting to the painful, unwanted reality of the death of somone meaningful to you isn't easy or painless. (Published 2/16/2016)
It's best to deal with your emotions first to help you to deal with memorabilia. (Published 2/9/2016)
We need a permanent, re-locatable place to visit to remember important people in our lives who have died. (Published 2/2/2016)
It's not always possible to get back into the inner circle, but you can still deal with your broken heart. (Published 01/26/2016)
The right tools are the pathway to recovery from grief. (Published 01/19/2016)
Moving forward even when you feel stuck. (Published 1/12/2016)
An awful lot of people would just as soon leap over the holiday months - too many remidners of people who are gone. (Published 1/5/2016)
Your feelings are unique to you. Don't compare them with what it "looks" like others are feeling. (Published 12/29/2015)
Grief can feel worse when insensitive language is used. (Published 12/22/2015)
When we don't know how to deal with our grief, we wait for time to heal us, but it only gets worse. (Published 12/15/2015)
Grief is not a "process." It is a collection of memories and feelings about your relationship with the person who died. (Published 12/8/2015)
How to shift from constant painful feelings to a more comprehensive emotional view of the whole relationship. (Published 12/1/2015)
The feelings attached to a broken heart don't just roll off your back. (Published 11/24/2015)
Fear is the normal and natural emotional reaction to loss. As in: How will I go on without that person? (Published 11/17/2015)
It’s okay to talk about things that weren’t always happy or pleasant. Be truthful but not mean-spirited. (Published 11/11/2015)
Nothing wrong with dreaming about someone you miss. (Published 11/3/2015)
It's not just knowing what to do, you have to do it! (Published 10/27/2015)
Grief without recovery can be never-ending! (Published 10/20/2015)
Widows and widowers sometimes get trapped in the idea that they're "cheating" when they enter new relationships. (Published 10/13/2015)
There are always things we wish had been different, better, or more, especially at the end of the life of someone important to us. (Published 10/6/2015)
Whether or not the perpetrator is ever caught and punished, you must get yourself out of your emotional jail. (Poblishec 09/29/2015)
Sometimes our well-intended advice backfires—especially when it wasn’t requested. (Published 9/22/2015)
It's difficult to define normal as it relates to grief, but if you're troubled by your thoughts and feelings, get help. (Published 9/15/2015)
When our parent[s] dies when we are very young, we're left with constant wondering of how it might have been. (Published 9/8/2015)
Raw emotions of grief are painful, especially in reaction to an unexpected death by suicide. (Published 9/1/2015)
How to help very young children who don't understand the permanence of death. (Published 8/25/2015)
The key to recovery is willingness. You can only set an example, you can't do it for them. (Published 8/18/2015)
Acceptance is a by-product of taking the actions of Grief Recovery. (Published 8/11/2015)
Sometimes our tears help our heart and body deal with the emotional pain of loss. (Published 8/4/2015)
We are often robbed of one more or one last chance to say "goodbye." (Published 7/28/2015)
Happily reunited after a long estrangement, only to lose her to a post-surgery death. (Published 7/21/2015)
When your heart is broken, it can be difficult to access your religious or spiritual beliefs. (Published 7/15/2015)
We sometimes think the harsh words we said in an argument caused someone to die. It's not true. (Published 7/7/2015)
Traumatic events leave painful images and keep us from our primary grief about the person who died. (Published 6/30/2015)
Alcohol and drugs only cover up the pain, they don't lead you to feeling better after a loss. (Published 6/23/2015)
Misguided hurtful comments can keep us from our primary grief. (Published 6/16/2015)
when my dad died, I lost my biggest cheerleader. (Published 6/9/2015)
How to help your broken heart heal. (Published 6/2/2105)
When it's hard to believe that someone you love is gone. (Published 5/26/2015)
We often lie about our feelings because we think we might be judged for having them. (Published 5/19/2015)
Many people stay stuck in grieving and don't move towards grief recovery. (Published 5/12/2015)
Dealing with the absence of a final communication when there has been a sudden death. (Published 05/05/2015)
"I don't know what to say" is often the best thing to say. (Published 4/28/2015)
"Reaching out for someone who’s always been there, only to discover when I need him one more time, he’s no longer there.” (Published 4/21/2015)
The absence of important people in our lives is difficult at the best of times, but at difficult times, we miss them exponentially. (Published 4/14/2015)
I have regrets thinking about removing life support - maybe there would have been a miracle. (Published 4/7/2015)
Time alone, without correct actions, cannot fix a broken heart. (Published 3/31/2015)
Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide - from birthdays, holidays, and other reminders. (Published 3/24/2015)
Bogged down in emotional quicksand from one death after another. (Published 3/17/2015)
Please don't avoid grieving friends - grief isn’t contagious! (Published 3/10/2015)
Impossible to explain "why." (Published 3/3/2015)
What to keep and what to discard? Difficult decisions—but take actions of recovery first, then make those choices. (Published 2/24/2015)
We all grieve in our own way and pace; but many of us are missing the actions that will help us "complete" our grief. (Published 2/17/2015)
Older sister concerned that younger sister won't have dad to walk her down aisle. (Published 2/10/2015)
It's important to focus on the primary grief about the person who died, not on the surrounding circumstances. (Published 2/3/2015)
Emotions of grief sometimes appear to conflict with religious beliefs. Grief recovery actions can help our spiritual connections. (Published 1/27/2015)
The Most Frequent Question we get is: "When will this pain end?" (Published 1/20/2015)
Incomplete past romantic relationships can sabotage current marriages. (Published 1/13/2015)
The cause of death can add a paniful dimension to the loss. (Published 1/6/2015)
The best way to help others is to help yourself. When they see you doing better, they will want to know how you did that. (Published 12/30/2014)
The ongoing pain from not having had a chance to say goodbye. (Published 12/23/2014)
The powerful images we can conjure up in our minds about things we’ve read or heard, are nothing short of terrifying. (Published 12/16/2014)
When you are the griever, you are not an educator. Don’t let anyone distract you from your primary task of dealing with your loss. (Published 12/9/2014)
In the immediate aftermath of the death of someone important to us, it feels impossible to do anything more than make it through one more day. (Published 12/2/2014)
You need to do the work on yourself so you can tell the children about their dad who they won't remember. (Publisheed 11/25/2014)
Recovery is possible even when the cause of death is unknown. (Published 11/18/2014)
Whatever you don’t talk about stays trapped inside of you, and can only do you harm—it can’t help. (Published 11/11/2014)
Sometimes the word “overwhelming” is too small a word to describe what grievers go through with multiple losses in a short time. (Published 11/4/2014)
Sometimes grief feels like a long-term, low-grade infection, and time doesn't make it go away. (Published 10/28/2014)
YES, it's normal to feel sad and miss someone on holidays, birthdays, and other special occasions. (Published 10/21/2014)
When your hopes and dreams for the future get ripped away. (Published 10/14/2014)
We never compare losses—ever! All losses are experienced at 100%. Every relationship is unique, there are no exceptions. (Published 10/7/2014)
Guilt implies intent to harm and rarely is accurate to descibe the feelings of most grieving people. (Published 9/30/2014)
Death of a long-term spouse can feel like losing a piece of your body. (Published 09/23/2014)
The death of someone important to us robs the possiblity of repairing damaged relationships, but we can still become emotionally complete. (Published 9/16/2014)
The ending of a very short relationship can be totally devastating. (Published 9/9/2014)
Asking sad questions over and over without taking recovery actions, can be an endless, painful loop. (Published 9/2/2014)
When your heart is broken your head doesn't work right and your spirit can't soar. (Published 8/26/2014)
You can be strong or you can be human. Pick one! (Published 8/19/2014)
You can't help people who don't want or ask for help. You can only help yoursellf, and hope they see the changes in you. (Published 8/12/2014)
'Monkey See, Monkey Do' can send the wrong signals about grief. (Published 8/5/2014)
The good news and bad news are equal—it's normal and natural to love somone and hate some of the things they've done. (Published 7/29/2014)
Letting go implies forgetting, and you'll never forget the important people in your life. (Published 7/22/2014)
Often the person you most need to talk to about your sadness, is the person who's gone. (Published 7/15/2014)
Since the nature of marriage is very different from relationships between parents and children, the emotional intensity is differently powerful. (Published 7/8/2014)
There's no time limit on how long you display pictures of someone who died, and there's no limit to keeping other possessions. (Published 7/1/2014)
One of the best things you can do is have "normal" conversations, rather than make forced attempts to say something profound. (Published 6/24/2014)
Time is not an action, it can’t make you feel better. (Published 6/24/2014)
The idea of denial and grief is a false connection. (Published 6/17/2014)
Unresolved grief is about all the things we wish we had said or done differently, better, or more. (Published 6/10/2014)
Not feeling ready to let go of his possessions. (Published 6/3/2014)
The first key to recovery is reaching out and asking for help. (Published 5/27/2014)
Someone with parallel losses can't necessarily help you because all relationships are unique. (Published 5/20/2014)
The truth is we are NEVER ready for anyone we love to die. (Published 5/13/2014)
You don't have to shed tears to prove that you're sad. (Published 5/6/2014)
It is possible to regain a sense of security and well-being after a "constant" person in our life has died. (Published 4/28/2014)
The actions of recovery are different from just distracting yourself by burying yourself in work. (Published 4/22/2014)
You can’t go over, under, or around it, you have to go through it. (Published 4/15/2014)
The anguish of missing someone you never really knew. (Published 4/8/2014)
It's never hepful to compare an intellectual fact with the normal and natural emotional reaction to a death. (Published 4/1/2014)
Discovery doesn’t equal recovery. Realizing how we sabotaged our marriages doesn’t bring our former partners back to us. (Published 3/25/2014)
“Getting past” and “getting over” imply forgetting. You will never forget the important people who affected your life. (Published 3/18/2014)
Sometimes the poetry of a phrase is powerful, but the implied solution cannot be taken literally. (Published 3/11/2014)
Helping youself with your grief is sometimes the best way to help someone you care about. Lead by example. (Published 3/4/2014)
It's important to honor our own instincts and not pay too much attention to what others might think. (Published 2/25/2014)
Time doesn't heal, but adapting to life without someone you love must be accommodated within time. (Published 2/18/2014)
“Is this what my life will be forever?” (Published 2/11/2014)
People with parallel losses don't really know how you feel. (Published 2/4/2014)
It's sometimes difficult to stay to the end when someone you love is dying. (Published 1/28/2014)
A great testament is to have emotions, not hide them. (Published 1/21/2014)
When you are distracted from your pirmary grief about the person who died. (Published 1/14/2014)
Unique question about how we refer to someone who has died. (Published 1/7/2014)
Grievers want to see their loved ones and say "I love you", one more time. (Published 12/31/2013)
Not informed about her mother's death until six monght later, she struggles to feel complete. (Published 12/24/2013)
Grieving people need and want an opportunity to talk about ‘what happened’ and about their relationship with the person it happened to. (Published 12/17/2013)
The death of someone important to you creates a large pool of emotion; and when you add a second major death, the emotional equation goes up exponentially. (Published 12/10/13)
To feel sad when someone important to us dies makes sense—so our best guidance to you is not to fight the sadness, but allow it. (Published 12/3/13)
In order to take joy from your happy memories you must also be able to feel the pain and sadness of the loss. (Published 11/26/2013)
Time doesn't heal emotional wounds, but we must adapt to our losses within time. (Published 11/19/13)
If someone doesn’t want help, there’s not much you can do to force them. But there are some things you can do that might help them be willing to try. (Published 11/12/13)
How do get closure when you're barred from the funeral of someone you love? (Published 11/5/2013)
Dealing with not being notified and not being able to attend the funeral or memorial. (Published 10/29/2013)
The good news is that as you take Grief Recovery actions, you'll find your energy coming back. (Published 10/22/2013)
She was robbed of saying "goodbye" (Published 10/15/2013)
By pulling away, you get a double dose of the pain when they die. (Published 10/8/2013)
So many people ask, "What more could I have done?" (Published 10/1/2013)
It’s not uncommon for people to turn to drink or drugs to try to deal with their overwhelming feelings when affected by a death. (Published 9/24/2013)
Keeping Busy doesn't heal your broken heart! (Published 9/17/2013)
We were supposed to grow old together. (Published 9/10/2013)
Intervention doesn't work with grief recovery, but there are ways to reach out. (Published 9/3/2013)
Dying people sometimes exclude the people they love! (Published 8/27/2013)
Missing a long-term mate is very difficult. Where do you go with the feelings you used to share? (Published 8/20/2013)
It's overwhelming when we're sad about the death of someone important to us, and afraid of another loss. (Published 8/13/2103)
Yes, your life is different after important people die, but you can take actions to help yourself. (Published 8/6/2013)
A Broken Heart Is Not Attached To A Clock Or A Timer That Tells It When To Stop Hurting. (Published 7/30/2013)
When You Look In The Rear-View Mirror Of Your Life And All You See Is The Litany Of Losses Of The Past Few Years. (Published 7/23/2013)
Your Relationship With Him Was About How He Lived His Life AND About How He Died (Published 7/16/2013)
We Get To Remember—And Laugh And Cry, And That Way Keep The Memories As Strong As Possible (Published 7/9/2013)
Good News: It's Impossible For You To Forget Your Boyfriend Who Died, And Impossible To “Lose” The Fond Memories Of Your Relationship With Him (Published 7/2/2013)
Regaining The Ability To Function Effectively Even Though He Is No Longer Here (Published 6/25/2013)
It’s Never Selfish To Need And Want Someone To Be There In Your Life (Published June 18, 2013)
What Matters Most Is Not What Others Believe About You—It’s What You Are Feeling That May Be Keeping You Stuck. (Published 6/11/2013)
Time Is Not The Key Factor In When A Person Should Start Dating After The Death Of A Spouse (Published 6/4/2013)
How can I be so angry with a man who was so wonderful when he was here? (Published 5/28/2013)
Tumultuous relationships usually leave a large residue of unfinished emotional business (Published May 21, 2013)
Trying to put together a puzzle with very few pieces (Published 5/14/2013)
When a new loss is imposed on children in order to save their lives (Published 5/7/13)
How can I be happy and sad at the same time? (Published 4/30/2013)
The Pain of Grief Doesn't Have to Be A Permanent Companion
Sometimes the best way to help someone you love, is to help yourself. (Published 4/16/2013)
A broken heart is sometimes about what never got to happen. (Published 4/9/2013)
We were never close, like a mother and daughter should be. (Published 4/2/2013)
When someone we used to be married to dies, we often experience a re-remembering of the entire relationship, the good, the bad, and sometimes, the ugly. (Published 3/26/2013)
We don't believe there's any such thing as "complicated grief." But there is unattended grief that doesn't get better because time can't heal emotional wounds. (Published 3/19/2013)
Adult or child, “In a crisis we go back to old behaviors or old beliefs." Nine year-old reverts to childlike behavior when dad dies. (Published 3/12/2013)
Sadly, it's all too common that we're confronted with family, financial, and property issues that distract us from the real issue—our broken hearts. (Published 3/5/2013)
We don’t like being dishonest about feelings, it doesn’t help anyone. (Published 2/26/2013)
We have hope for you because in spite of your obvious pain and pessimistic view of the future, you have nonetheless reached out for help. (Published 2/19/2013)
To be your son's leader, you need to learn how to deal effectively with your own losses! (Published 2/12/2013)
Our emotions go to high-alert when we're about to have surgery! (Published 2/5/2013)
What can I do to help myself move on so I can be a happy wife and mother? (Published 1/29/2013)
You don’t have the power to make an alcoholic stop drinking, and all the love in the word can’t repair someone else’s mental health. (Published 1/22/2013)
I can't take losing another person in my life. (Published 1/15/2013)
I still cry every time I think of him. Could I have PTSD? (Published 1/8/2013)
Do recurring dreams about someone who died represent unresolved grief? (Published 1/1/2013)
After my great aunt died, I felt like I hadn't seen her enough, but she lived far away so we never had the money to go see her. (Published 12/25/2012)
Before he died, my husband said I should find someone to take care of me. He did not give me a time frame. I just wanted him to get better. (Published 12/18/2012)
I wasn't raised with my mom, but I did get to spend some time with her after I got out of foster homes. I still feel like there is something missing in my heart. (Published 12/11/2012)
How do I deal with losing them when there was still so much unsaid? (Published 12/4/2012)
Having emotions—including tears—when you look at his picture is not “breaking down.” It is being human and sad and missing someone you love. (Published 11/27/2012)
It's been a year and a half since my wife died and I don't want to face the Holidays. (Published 11/20/2012)
Is Someone Who Cares Reading This? (Published 11/13/2012)
If you stay focused on this one thing—no matter how big it is to you—you rob yourself of the richness and complexity of the whole relationship over three decades. (Published 11/6/2012)
This is the first Mother's Day that I don't have her. Why is it so hard and painful for me? (Published 10/30/2012)
The actions of completion will not be “letting go” of and losing your friends, instead they will allow you to retain all the fond memories you have of them. (Published 10/23/2012)
"Grief is not so much a disease to be cured, as it is a natural reaction to loss, and the goal should be reconciliation and completion, not avoidance." (Published 10/16/2012)
You can be strong, or you can be human, pick one! (Published 10/9/2012)
At six weeks after the death of your spouse, we wouldn't consider your feelings of sadness to be self-absorption. (Published 10/2/2012)
When someone important to us dies, that is one of the biggest, most painful changes we ever experience. (Published 9/25/2012)
You have a lifetime of memories about your Mom, we don’t want you to be stuck on the last images. (Published 9/18/2012)
Two helpful phrases when talking to a grieving person. (Published 9/11/2012)
“How can I tell them I love them when they are not here?” (Published 9/4/2012)
Why me? is a pretty logical question in your circumstances, even though there's no real answer. (Published 8/28/2012)
Trying “not” to think about a painful image just doesn’t work. (Published 8/21/2012)
Drugs Overpower A Mother’s Love (Published 8/14/2012)
Families Don't Always Stick Together (Published 8/7/2012)
Make Small And Accurate Comments As Feelings Come Up (Published 7/31/2012)
I’m Scared, And Don’t Want To Do It, But I Will Do It Anyway (Published 7-24-2012)
If You Focus On The Choices You Had to Make Through Your Rear-View Mirror, You Will Only Harm Yourself (Published 7-17-2012)
I Feel I've Lost A Part Of Me (Published 7-10-2012)
There Are Many Death-Related Situations In Which The Human, Emotional Reaction Is To Be Angry At God (Published 7-3-2012)
Better to say, "At this moment, I don't have much energy," than "I'm depressed today." The latter turns a fleeting feeling into a 24 hour condition (Published 6-26-2012).
Many people get robbed of a funeral and the chance to say "goodbye." Published (6-19-2012)
Grieving people sometimes don't ask for help, and if it's offered, they won’t always take advantage of it. (Published 6-12-2012)
Certain areas of a home—particularly a bedroom or bed, are massive reminders of someone who is no longer alive. (Published 6-5-2012)
We’d guess it's your nature and style to be open and emotive with your feelings. If that's true, we say, YAY! (Published 5-29-2012)
“…And I Forgive You So I Can Be Free”—a phrase can save your emotional life. (Published 5-15-2012)
The reduction of pain does not necessarily mean you're emotionally complete with your friend who died. It may only mean that you're adapting to the loss. (Published 5-8-2012)
Don’t analyze, criticize, or judge the griever—and definitely don’t offer unsolicited opinions or advice. (Published 5-1-2012)
Missing people we never really knew (Published 4-24-2012)
Many people get focused on the end of the relationship and lose sight of the whole relationship (Published 4-17-2012)
Unsolicited advice is never well-received (Published 4-10-2012)
Self-protective actions vs. intent to harm someone else (Published 4-3-2012)
It’s very difficult to help someone who does not want or ask for help (Published 3-27-2012)
If we knew it was going to be their last night, we'd move heaven and earth to be there (Published 3-20-2012)
In condolences, be careful NOT to say "I Know How You Feel" (Published 3-13-12)
Will this sickening, awful feeling ever improve? (Published 3-6-12)
Anticipatory Grief is not real—it means thinking that you can know what feeling you will have in the future which is not here yet (Published 2-28-12)
Feeling half-way good, and then plunging down the emotional elevator shaft (Published 2-21-12)
The emotional stimulus of certain songs or chronicling dates – like anniversaries and birthdays (Published 2-14-12)
No matter how devasted you are by grief, you still need to motivate yourself to take actions that lead to recovery (Published 2-7-12)
It hurts as bad as it did when it first happened, but when I think of it I get extremely angry. (Published 1-31-12)
I'm getting tired of propping everyone else up. (Published 1-24-12)
Love or union is the product of Truthful Communication. (Published 1-17-12)
He was not only my father he was my best friend. (Published 1-10-12)
Families are often torn apart when a parent dies. Why? In part because so many different and unique relationships are a recipe for emotional disaster (Published 1-3-12)
On being "Ruled from the Grave" There's truth in that phrase, but Grief Recovery can break the bondage of that tyranny. (Published 12-27-11)
Blaming yourself is of no value, and it keeps you from the actions that lead to recovery. (Published 12-20-11)
Being "Stuck On a Painful Image" keeps us Stuck in the Grief (Published 12-13-11)
Is Guilt the Right Word? Answering a two-pronged question from a hurting young woman. (Published 12-6-11)
An eleven year old's upset reactions to questions about the deaths of her father and granny actually make sense (Published 11-29-11)
Follow-up question on going on after someone dies - being a complete person again (Published 11-22-11)
Many people struggle with their feelings about God following the death of someone important to them (Published 11-15-11)
Explaining death to young children and to a child with special needs (Published 11-8-11)
The problem with talking about how bad you feel is that it makes you good at feeling bad (Published 11-1-11)
It's never too late to apologize (Published 10-25-11)
What can I do other than force myself to cry to make people stop worrying about me? (Published 10-18-11)
No statute of limitations on missing someone and feeling sad – or enjoying fond memories (Published 10-11-11)
The person who is now gone, is the one person you need more than ever (Published 10-4-11)
The impact of the death of a former spouse - often confusing and overwhelming! (Published 9-27-11)
Say "I feel sad in this moment," instead of "I feel sad today." Today is way too long to stay stuck in one feeling. (Published 9-20-11)
Unfortunately I Never Got the Chance to Thank Him for Everything (Published 9-13-11)
Children's Damaged Relationships with Her Husband - Their Father - Creates Collateral Emotional Damage (Published 9-6-11)
Has the Reality of My Loss Set in Yet? (Published 8-30-11)
How Do I Accept the Things I Did? (Published 8-23-11)
My daughter wants to take the plane to heaven to see her grandpa. (Published 8-16-11)
Is it normal for an adult child to feel like this? (Published 8-9-11)
With multiple deaths in a short period of time...just as we start being able to keep our head above the emotional waterline, another wave comes and pushes us under. (Published 8-2-11)
Consumed by the death—or about the relationship—possibly both. (Published 7-26-11)
It's perfectly normal and healthy to miss someone you love. What’s not okay is to live in constant pain. (Published 7-19-11)
Is it always appropriate to go to a funeral? (Published 7-12-11)
Great question—whether or not we “ever really recover” (Published 7-5-11)
But for "one second earlier or one second later," our lives are changed forever. (Published 6-28-11)
When the last interaction between people before one dies, was negative. (Published 6-21-11)
The unanswerable question: How your life might have unfolded had he not committed suicide? (6-14-11)
Your Broken Heart Talking! (Published 6-07-11)
Alcohol can leave a trail of destruction in its wake! (5-31-11)
“How can I tell them I love them when they are not here?” (Published 5-24-11)
They want us looking good, feeling good, and being productive 3-5 days later! (Published 5-17-11)
Trying “not” to think about it doesn’t work. (Published 5-10-11)
Your life IS different than it would have been! (Published 5-03-11)
Caught Between Medical Decisions and a Broken Heart (Published 4/26/11)
How do you solve unresolved issues when the other person is dead? (Published 4/18/11)
Will I ever feel normal again? (Published 4/11/11)
Surprise when a great deal of emotion surfaces a substantial time after the death of someone important. (Published 4/4/11)
Mutilple deaths, one after the other, makes us feel like we're drowning (Published 3/28/11)
Follow-up from Sam: Trite and Inane Remarks, and how to handle them (Published 3/21/11)
Families and Legal Mayhem (Published 3/14/2011)
A Statement of Death is NOT Denial (Published 3/7/2011)
The warm and fuzzies that never happened. (Published 2/28/2011)
Tragic deaths compound our pain. (Published 2/22/2011)
Some feelings represent your Broken Heart Talking. (Published 2/15/2011)
Time and Intensity! (Published 2/8/2011)
Adapting to the death of someone important to you (Published 2/1/2011)
Grief Is Exhausting! (Published 1/25/2011)
A tangled web of losses! (Published 1/18/2011)
The emotional Novocain wears off. (Published 1/11/2010)
Hopes, Dreams, & Expectations (Published 1/4/2011)
The Victim’s families often feel as if “they” are on trial. (Published 12/28/2010)
The Holidays – a perfect time to demonstrate the truth to your children. (Published 12/20/2010)
Sadness and Joy are both normal. Pain is the option we want to remove. (Published 12/20/2010)
I started to call her and then remembered she was gone! (Published 12/20/2010)
Will I Ever Recover? (Published 11/30/2010)
Stuck on a Painful Image (Published 11/20/2010)
Pointing Friends in the Direction of Recovery (Published 11/10/2010)
The Good, The Bad, and Sometimes, The Ugly (Published 11/3/2010)
Have I Gone Crazy? (Published 10/15/2010)
How do I deal with the anger I feel? (Published 10/1/2010)
Moving Beyond Loss: Real Answers to Real Questions from Real People
Russell Friedman & John W. James
The Grief Recovery Handbook
John W. James & Russell Friedman
When Children Grieve
John W. James & Russell Friedman with Dr. Leslie Landon Matthews
Superando Perdidas Emocionales
The Grief Recovery Handbook for Pet Loss
John W. James & Russell Friedman & Cole James
If you or someone important to you wants help with grief: Look for a Certified Grief Recovery Specialist℠ in your community. The Grief Recovery Institute ® trains and mentors Certified Grief Recovery Specialists℠ throughout the United States & Canada.
Workshops & Training Schedule
The Grief Recovery Institute ® offers Certification Training programs for those who wish to help grievers.
Indianapolis, IN - April 7-10, 2017
Princeton, NJ - April 7-10, 2017
Reading, Berkshire, England - April 21-24, '17
Denver, CO - April 21-24, 2017
Vancouver, BC, Canada - Apr 28-May 1,'17
San Francisco, CA - Apr 28-May 1,'17
Seattle, WA - May 5-8, 2017
Dallas, TX - May 5-8, 2017
Milwaukee, WI - May 19-22, 2017
Torquay, Devon, England - May 19-22, '17
Regina, SK, Canada - May 19-22,'17
Los Angeles, CA - May 19-22, 2017
View All Dates »
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CEC Investigation: There’s A Lot Of Dirt In Them Thar Hills
Bill OrrJune 22, 2012UncategorizedBarbara Buono, CEC, Charles Mainor, charles stile, Chris Christie, Community Education Centers, Comptroller Boxer, Delaney Hall, featured, halfway houses, Jeff Van Drew, pay to play, privatization, Sean Kean, State Auditor, State Commission on Investigations, Steven Sweeney, Talbot Hall, Teresa Ruiz, William Clancy, William Palatucci
Eleven months after an inmate was killed at CEC’s Delaney Hall, Governor Christie served as keynote speaker for its 2010 10th-anniversary celebration. He said, “This is where I need to be, because even as governor, you treasure the times when you can come and be someplace where the work is purely good.”
Following the New York Times three-part series, countless other newspaper articles over the years, NJ Comptroller Boxer’s report, an SCI report Gangs in Prisons, information from prisoner advocacy groups, and many Blue Jersey diaries, the need for a full independent investigation of Community Education Centers (CEC) is apparent. Its facilities are not places where “the work is purely good.”
The problem as Charles Stile points out is that founder William Clancy, his family, and CEC since the early 1990’s have donated over $600,000 to elected officials at the state and local level. That’s a lot of dirt and many enriched hills. Essex County has proven particularly fertile ground for CEC, but Clancy’s largesse has included governors of both parties and officials in counties where CEC operates or would like to operate. Particularly troubling has been Governor Christie’s past participation as registered lobbyist for CEC, his frequent visits to the centers where he spews praises, his acceptance of donations, failure to address publicized problems, and his close relationship with CEC Senior Vice President William Palatucci.
In addition to the largesse, which constitutes conflicts of interest for those who might investigate CEC, the problem for any investigatory group is the sheer number of issues to be examined: “pay-to-play,” public safety when inmates “walk away” from a facility, violence, rape, and drugs within the institutions, lack of quality counseling and education, lack of financial accountability and collusion with local authorities to obtain business.
With so many pockets of enriched hills and so many varieties of dirt, what group is independent enough with sufficient staff and skills to attack the problem?
Charles Mainor (D-Hudson), Chair of the Assembly Law and Public Safety Committee, is one of two individuals who has called for legislative hearings. How independent can he be, however, as his county houses and receives monies for CEC’s Talbot Hall in Kearny. In Part I of the NY Times series he was quoted as being asked for his estimate of how many people escaped from halfway houses in 2011. “I have heard of no more than three,” he responded. According to state records, the number was 452. Another member of the committee Sean Kean (R-30) in the NY Times article appeared dismissive, saying about the escapes, “It’s not really a problem. It’s a cheaper way of doing business, so that’s why it behooves us to use that option.” In summary, this committee is not a promising group to investigate the matter.
Senator Barbara Buono is the other individual who has expressed concern, stating, “They should be held accountable for their failures.” One of her key staffers said that with the current budget issues on the front burner, she has not yet developed a strategy on how to move forward. She is Vice Chair of the Senate Oversight Committee. Although she has received a combined $2,600 in donations in 2010 and 2011, she has shown the independence and fervor necessary to undertake such an investigation. She has not discussed the matter yet with Chair Robert Gordon (D-38), nor Paul Sarlo (D-36), neither of whom reside in a county where CEC operates. However, another committee member Teresa Ruiz (D-29) is a part of the Essex County Democratic machine which is probably the largest recipient of CEC largesse. With a small committee and an even smaller staff it would be difficult for this group to undertake such a far-ranging investigation.
Because of conflicts of interest and the broad scope necessary, a legislative investigation does not seem the best course. Individual committees, however, can review matters within their purview and promote legislation. There is currently a Senate bill (S927) sponsored by Jeff Van Drew (D-3) and Steven Sweeney (D-3) which would require the State Auditor to review Department of Corrections privatization contracts to determine whether privatization yields a reduction in costs and whether there was any malfeasance on the part of DOC with the contract. It has been reviewed by two committees, however, the identical Assembly bill (A1880) has seen no committee action. If the bill were to gain passage it would represent a step forward, with some dirt removed, but large mounds still remaining.
There are other more promising venues for investigation which will be discussed in Part II of this diary. There is a lot of dirt, a lot of hills and we need heavy duty equipment to level the land.
firstamend07 June 22, 2012 at 9:50 pm
S 927 is being voted on this monday. Watch how many Republicans follow orders and vote against it.
An independent investigation will not occur until there is a hint of scandal.
The scandal will be shown when it is revealed as to why the Christie Administration and the organization incharge of Halfway House monitoring,the NJDOC stopped it s full monitoring program.
Too many powerful people are acting in a panicky way for everything to be ok here.
firstamend07 June 22, 2012 at 11:31 pm
Democrats are doing their job on this.
Republicans all voted NO in committee today.
WHY ARE REPUBLICANS SCARED OF A FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT BILL FOR CORRECTIONS??
firstamend07 June 23, 2012 at 12:16 am
It is now known that all Republican legislators had received the word,” VOTE NO “on this NJDOC financial oversight Bill regarding privatization contracts.
They are not being allowed the ” vote your conscience” option.
The Governor has put the firewall up. No one will be allowed to check the Halfway House contracts!
Why all of this concern? What is he worried about? Is Christie in charge or is Palatucci and CEC?
No one can say the Democrats did not react to last Sundays NY Times Halfway House/Human Warehousing story.
In record time both S927 and A1880 were moved in and out of committee and will be passed on this Monday.
Every Republican will be forced by the Christie/Palatucci team to vote NO on what, in effect, is simply a independent financial oversight Bill of NJDOC Privatization contracts.
A Christie veto wil lalmost certainly lead to a stronger call for an independent investigation of the Halfway House Human Warehousing problem.
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Move to Bullpen Pays Dividends for Red Sox Prospect Josh Taylor
Joe Jacquez
Arizona Fall League, Boston Red Sox, Features, Prospect Reports
Up until halfway through the 2017 season, Boston Red Sox left-handed pitching prospect Josh Taylor, who was pitching for the Jackson Generals as a member of the Arizona Diamondbacks organization, had been a starter his entire career.
But at the All-Star Break of the 2017 season, the D-Backs decided to move him to the bullpen because they thought he had a brighter future as a reliever.
“They said you got the stuff, but we want you to worry about getting three to six outs, rather than trying to worry about giving teams six, seven innings,” Taylor said.
In 14 starts for the Generals, Taylor compiled a 4.80 ERA with 32 walks and 61 strikeouts. Initially, he struggled as a reliever, pitching to a 5.53 ERA in 19 appearances.
But in 2018, Taylor turned in a bounce back season. He compiled a 3.35 ERA in 48 appearances across 53.2 innings. He pitched for three different levels, one in the D-Backs system and two in the Red Sox organization and reached Triple-A in September after a successful stint with Double-A Portland.
Simplicity is everything
The 25-year-old native of Phoenix said the move to the bullpen helped simplify his game.
By simplifying his game, @RedSox pitching prospect Josh Taylor had a breakout 2018 season in the bullpen. @joejacquezaz catches up with the Boston pupil.Click To Tweet
“Rather than being a starter and trying to save your off-speed stuff for a certain count or certain inning so that you can get further, you can use one of each pitch if you want in each at-bat because typically as reliever, the team is not going to see you more than once in one game.”
The left-hander added that not only did the move to the bullpen simplify his strategy and mechanics, it also helped calm his mindset because he could throw any of his pitches at any point and be unpredictable.
In addition, Taylor’s strikeout race increased, and his walk rate decreased in 2018, something that Taylor attributed to the volume of batters he faced as a starter and a reliever, but also the ability to give even hitters that have seen him before a different look.
“I think that was a big key to my success out of the bullpen,” Taylor said. “Knowing that they haven’t seen me that game, whether they saw me three series ago or not, it is almost a brand-new look.”
The Red Sox also told Taylor to throw his slider more because they believed it was a better pitch than the fastball, curveball and changeup mix he threw as a starter.
Taylor said he never really threw his slider before becoming a reliever, but once he had to in different situations, he started to trust it more.
“I’m at the point where I feel I can throw it in any count and get a strike,” Taylor said.
A prime opportunity in the Red Sox organization
Taylor, who was sent to the Red Sox from the Diamondbacks in May to complete a trade the two teams made in March, said if Boston thinks he can be a part of a championship caliber team one day, it gives him an extra boost of self-esteem going into spring training every year.
“It is a great opportunity,” Taylor said. “It is always a good feeling to be wanted. When you go in a trade, no matter who it is for, that says they want you in their organization and to come to a team like this, it shows what they see in me.”
Now, Taylor has taken the success from the minor league season with him and has consistently gotten the top competition in the minors out in the Arizona Fall League.
Taylor bounced back from a rough couple of performances to close out October by allowing no runs in two innings in his last two games. The Georgia College and State alum has allowed five earned runs in eight games overall this fall.
“Having success against the top players in the minors, it tells me that I can get the next level of hitters out, it just builds your confidence for your career.”
Arizona Fall LeagueBoston Red SoxFeaturesJosh TaylorMesa Solar Soxprospects
MLB Free Agency: Every National League Team’s Biggest Need
Giants Prospect Heath Quinn Goes Back to the Basics, Reaps the Rewards
My name is Joe Jacquez and I am a senior at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. I cover ASU football for The State Press and I cover the Arizona Fall League as a credentialed media member for Baseball Essential. I also freelance for Bowlers Journal International and other publications.
Boston Red Sox: J.D. Martinez Opting in Just Made the Offseason More Complicated
Rusney Castillo: Baseball’s Richest Minor-League Player
A play for its time: Ron Swoboda’s catch in the 1969 World Series
Tom Gibbons
Young Yaz: How Patience and Perseverance Paved The Way to a Historic Moment
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Birkbeck Centre for Contemporary Theatre
Reviews, blogs and articles
GRiT: Graduate Research in Theatre is the Centre’s forum for postgraduate students, academics and Fellows to meet, share and discuss current scholarship and research in progress. In 2016-17, we hosted these sessions, which addressed our theme for the year, transmission:
Thursday 2 March, 4-5.30pm, G10: Nobuko Anan (Birkbeck): ‘Bowie and Boys’ Love’.
Thursday 26 January, 4-5.30pm, 106: Catherine Silverstone (Queen Mary, University of London): ‘Temporal Listening: HIV and AIDS and Karen Finley’s Written in Sand (2013-15)’
Thursday 24 November, 4-5.30pm, Malet Street: Leah Sidi (Birkbeck): ‘The Politics of Transmission and Transmitting Politics: The Belarus Free Theatre’s 4.48 Psychosis‘
Theatre Conversation: ‘Sordid Ironies and the Short-Fingered Vulgarian: Alison Jackson’s Mental Images of Donald Trump’: On Thursday 22 June, 2-4pm, we welcomed Tony Perucci (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). From the beginning of his 2016 campaign for the US presidency, Donald Trump has employed the strategy of ‘gaslighting’ the American public – willfully challenging their sense of what is ‘fact’ and what is ‘fiction’. As part of her Mental Images series, British photographer Alison Jackson staged scenes with a Trump lookalike of then-candidate Trump in numerous compromising situations. Depicting images of behaviour that would be disqualifying of any other politician, Jackson utilizes the ‘seeming to be real’ to challenge the viewer’s voyeuristic desire to ‘expose’ Trump’s misogyny and racism. As the strategy of exposure continues to be politically ineffective, Jackson’s photographs of the ‘in fact a fiction’ creates an affective charge that performatively constructs a politics of ressentiment focused not merely towards Trump but towards the systemic problems of neoliberal capitalism. Tony Perucci is a scholar-artist based in the US, where he is Associate Professor of Performance Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His publications include the books Paul Robeson and The Cold War Performance Complex(Michigan, 2012) and On the Horizontal: Mary Overlie and the Viewpoints (Michigan, forthcoming). This Theatre Conversation was co-hosted by Birkbeck Centre for Contemporary Theatre and BiGS (Birkbeck Gender and Sexuality).
Bill Gaskill – symposium, discussion, celebration: On Saturday 20 May we staged a day-long symposium devoted to exploring the work of Bill Gaskill. Bill (William) Gaskill was one of the most influential theatre directors in post-war UK theatre. He helped define the mission of the Royal Court in its early days and directed many celebrated productions for the Royal Court, the National Theatre and the RSC. He was also a dedicated teacher, mentor and friend to many writers and directors such as Max Stafford-Clark, Peter Gill and Nadia Latif. Theatre artists, critics and scholars discussed Bill Gaskill’s work and influences in a series of talks over the day, convened by Birkbeck’s Rob Swain and David Eldridge. Contributors included Peter Gill, Professor Dan Rebellato, Nicholas Wright, Max Stafford-Clark, Wunmi Mosaku, Christopher Hampton, Ken Cranham and Nadia Latif. You can hear a podcast of the first panel discussion here.
Theatre Scratch Night: On Tuesday 16 May, as part of Arts Week 2017, students from our theatre and creative writing programmes – ranging from undergraduate to PhD level – shared their work in progress. The evening included the first showing of several short new plays. You can see a photo gallery of this event here.
Andy Smith: dematerialising theatre: On Monday 15 May, as part of Arts Week 2017, we welcomed theatre-maker Andy Smith. For the last fifteen years, both alone and in collaboration with Tim Crouch (An Oak Tree, Adler & Gibb), Andy Smith has been involved in creating a large body of work. He refers to this as a ‘dematerialised theatre’ – a theatre that attempts to do more with less. This talk reviewed some of the principles of the practice, and explores some of its origins. Andy read and discussed some examples of his work. You can hear a podcast of the talk here.
Theatres of Contagion: Infectious Performance: On Thursday 11 and Friday 12 May, we hosted an international conference exploring themes of contagion and infection in performance and across disciplines, asking: how have theatre and performance represented, examined or been implicated in the transmission and circulation of medical and psychological conditions? How has our understanding of these relationships and phenomena changed over time, across cultures, including via developments in interdisciplinary practice and inquiry? Scholars and artists from across the world gave presentations addressing contexts from the medieval period to the contemporary, and keynote lectures and performances were given by Bridget Escolme (QMUL), Dickie Beau, David Slater and Entelechy Arts, Stephen Frosh (Birkbeck), Richard P. Mann (Leeds), Emily Senior (Birkbeck) Matthew Weait (Portsmouth), and Kirsten Shepherd-Barr (Oxford). Download abstracts and biographies here.
No Way Out: Theatre as a Mediatised Practice: On Thursday 20 April, we hosted the first day of No Way Out: Theatre as a Mediatised Practice, a two-day TaPRA Performance & New Technologies Working Group Interim Event which took place on Thursday 20 and Friday 21 April 2017. The event was organised and convened by Maria Chatzichristodoulou (LSBU) and Seda Ilter (Birkbeck). Mediatisation – the increasingly pervasive influence of new media technologies in the form of social institutions and ideological apparatuses on society, culture and consciousness since the late twentieth century – has radically shaped our everyday lives and relationships. Mediatisation as a social and cognitive phenomenon has changed the way theatre and performance are produced, shaped, performed and perceived. This shift has led to a state where there is nothing left outside of mediatisation. No Way Out featured two keynote speeches – Professor Matthew Causey (Trinity College) on Thursday 20 April 2017 at Birkbeck, and Professor Andy Lavender (Surrey) on Friday 21 April 2017 at LSBU. The day hosted at Birkbeck also featured two panels – the first on ‘post-digital resistance’, and the second sharing new postgraduate scholarship. Speakers included Rosemary Klich (Kent), Stella Keramida (Independent), Aneta Mancewicz (Kingston), Tarryn Li-Min Chun (Michigan), Annette Balaam (Bristol), Benjamin Monk (Kent), and artist-researchers from Arte Total Cia. The day closed with a provocation from Professor Janis Jefferies (Goldsmiths).
Twofold: the Particularities of Working in Pairs: On Friday 3 & Saturday 4 March we hosted a symposium investigating how practitioners in a range of settings work in pairs. Marking the end of artist Karen Christopher’s long-term duet series The Difference Between Home and Poem, the symposium asked: why do people so often work in pairs? What is the significance of working in pairs? And what is unique to the duo as a form? Practitioners from the fields of visual art, dance, spoken word, theatre and performance, and researchers studying how artists live and work together presented their work, and two new work-in-progress performances were shared – Tin Can People, The Katie & Pip Project and The Duet by Marcus Orlandi. Co-hosted with Haranczak/Navarre Performance Projects, and supported by Generic Skills Funding via Corkscrew: practice-based/led research at Birkbeck. Presented at Birkbeck School of Arts and Camden People’s Theatre.
Theatre Conversation: Shirotama Hitsujiya: On Friday 10 February, we welcomed Japanese artist Shirotama Hitsujiya to speak about her work. Japanese pop culture is filled with images of girls, from kawaii (“cute”) Hello Kitty to fighting girls in anime, and to eroticised girls in products targeting male consumers. In this talk, Shirotama Hitsujiya discussed her company YUBIWA Hotel’s portrayals of girls, in relation to these girls in pop culture, and contextualised her work in the contemporary Japanese performing arts scene. Based in Tokyo, Shirotama Hitsujiya is a female playwright, director, performer, and Artistic Director of a company, YUBIWA Hotel, known for its “girlie” performance. In 2006, she was chosen as one of the “100 Japanese Women Acclaimed by the World” by Newsweek Japan. She is also one of the founding members of the Asian Women’s Performing Arts Collective.
Politicians and Other Performers: On Friday 20 January we staged a symposium exploring performance and political culture. Politics has long been acknowledged as a theatrical arena in which politicians perform their roles. But with the growth of marketing, public relations and celebrity culture in the 20th and 21st centuries, and developments in mass culture and social media, the connection between politicians and performers seems more intractable, and often confusing, than ever before. It is against this backdrop that the day-long event asked: how might interpreting politicians and their work through some of the practices and concepts established in theatre and performance studies help us to better understand contemporary political life? We heard from scholars across disciplines, and the day finished with a screening of the film dramatisation of Peter Morgan’s Frost/Nixon (dir. Ron Howard, 2008). The papers presented were as follows:
The Leinster House Look: Mary Robinson and the Craft of Femininity,Aoife Monks
Mending Speech: Glenda Jackson on and off script, Emma Bennett and Ella Finer
‘Scotland’s Siren: “The Most Dangerous Woman in Politics”?, Maggie Inchley
Turn! Turn! Turn!, Rachel Cockburn
Just Theatre? Rethinking the Significance of Politicians’ Performances in Representative Democracy, Julia Peetz
Maryam Rajavi: Propaganda Queen and/or President in Waiting?, Alinah Azadeh
‘The swaggerers were in the ascendency’: performative masculinity as political strategy in post-conflict Northern Ireland, Alexander Coupe
Boys Don’t Cry, Mark Blacklock
Anatomy of a ‘babyface’: the body performances of Justin Trudeau and Sami Zayn, Broderick V. Chow
‘Toronto’s crack-smoking mayor’: The performative disruptions of Rob Ford, Scott Rodgers
Jonathan Lethem, Amnesia Moon and Donald Trump, Joe Brooker
Facing Reality: Mike Daisey’s The Trump Card, Louise Owen
Dramaturgy Now: On Tuesday 25 October we hosted a Theatre Conversation exploring the practice of dramaturgy. The dramaturg is an increasingly significant figure in UK theatre but the role of the dramaturg is often misunderstood. In this talk, dramaturg Hanna Slattne drew on her own work to discuss a wide range of dramaturgical processes and relationships. Hanna is one of the UK’s most experienced dramaturgs and theatre makers, specialising in new work, new writing and cross art form collaboration and with extensive experience in mentoring and facilitating artists in their development processes. In autumn 2016, she won the Kenneth Tynan Award.
Brecht in Translation: during September and October 2016, Centre Fellow Phoebe von Held and Matthias Rothe (University of Minnesota) staged further workshops to develop their translation project, Jae Fleischhacker, a dramatic fragment by Bertolt Brecht, dealing with Chicago’s wheat exchange market at the beginning of the twentieth century. This is the first translation of the text and it will be published in a new volume of Brecht’s fragments in 2017 by Bloomsbury.
Andy Smith: Dematerialising Theatre (Birkbeck Arts Week 2017)
Copyright © 2020 Birkbeck Centre for Contemporary Theatre. All rights reserved.
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Handspring’s CFO resigns
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. (Dow Jones/AP) — Handspring Inc.’s chief financial officer, Bernard Whitney, will resign for personal reasons effective July 1, the company said Thursday.
Whitney, 45, has been chief financial officer of the maker of handheld computers since June 1999.
The company said it hired an executive recruiting firm to begin a search for a replacement.
The sudden resignation comes after Handspring reported disappointing first-quarter earnings and revenue April 15. The company had said it needed more time to educate consumers about its devices.
Handspring’s most recent model, the Treo, combines the functions of a Palm personal digital assistant and a cell phone.
Additionally, Handspring said it would not be profitable until the last quarter of this year, instead of the third quarter.
Shares of the company finished at $2.21 in after-hours trading, after closing the regular session at $2.32, down 20 cents, or 7.9 percent.
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LLOYD'S BEWARE THE BLOG
A Motion Picture and Television History Blog.
Fritz Lang and Leni Riefensthal: Their Films
This article tells the story's of two filmmakers who came out of Germany. One worked in dramatic motion pictures and the other in documentary film making. Both saw the rise of Adolph Hitler and responded to his offers in different ways. Both made technical advancements in the budding film industry and were recognized for them on both sides of the Atlantic. Both are mostly forgotten by today's movie going audiences.
To begin with he was Austrian not German. Although all his film work prior to 1934 were made in Germany. He was born in Vienna “The City of Music”, or “The City of Dreams”. Take you pick one was named for the composers born in the city like Franz Schubert and Johann Strauss. The other because Vienna was also the birthplace of Sigmund Freud. The date of his birth was December 5, 1890 and his father Anton was an architect and construction company manager. His mother was named Pauline, but called “Paula” and his name was Fritz Lang.
It is interesting that like many early directors in the motion picture industry Fritz Lang started out in a different direction in his case after graduating from the “Technical University of Vienna” as a civil engineer. Shortly after receiving his degree Lang would switch from drawing technical specs to actual art. In 1910 he started traveling throughout Europe. Adding Africa and later Asia and the Pacific Islands. Three years after switching careers found Lang studying art in 1913 Paris.
At the outbreak of World War One Fritz Lang enlisted in the Austrian army and fought in both Russia and Romania against the Czar. In 1918 he was discharged with the rank of lieutenant after being wounded three times. Another short bio implied he was discharged not from several serious injuries as most state, but from being shell-shocked and unfit for duty. Whichever are the true events while convalescing in a military hospital Fritz Lang became interested in motion picture screenwriting and began writing them. His scripts were produced as early as 1917 prior to receiving his official military discharge. Lang would even try the boards as an actor in the Viennese theater during 1917 and 1918 prior to his official discharge.
Erich Pommer is considered the most important person in the budding German and European Film Industry during the 1920’s and 1930’s and one of the founders of the “Expressionist” movement. Pommer read Lang’s work and hired him initially as a writer for “Decia-Bioscop” in 1917. He would later take Lang with him to Ufa.
From the start of 1917 into mid 1918 Fritz Lang wrote the screenplays for five films and then Pommer decided to make him a director. We know the title of that first film with the screen credit directed by Fritz Lang and also written by him entitled “Halbblut (Half-Blood)” released April 3, 1919. We also know the cast of the movie, but we have no idea what the movie was about. Even the German Wikipedia has no specific details.
Halbblut (English: Half-blood) is a 1919 silent film directed by Fritz Lang. It was the first film Lang directed. The film starred Carl de Vogt, Ressel Orla, and Carl Gerard Schröder. It is presumed to be lost.
For September of 1919 Fritz Lang’s filmography mentions a 60 minute film “Der Herr der Liebe (The Master of Love)”. It is unique because it was the only film Lang directed, co-wrote and acted in a small role. The story is about a Hungarian nobleman named Vasile Disecu who becomes infatuated with Suzette, the daughter of his neighbor. He somehow mistakes Stefana, Suzette’s maid who is secretly in love with Vasile, for Suzette and makes love to her. When Yvette, his wife, finds out, she avenges herself with a liaison with Lazar, a Jewish peddler. Vasile imprisons Lazar. He then kills Yvette and commits suicide. One just loves a happy ending.
Also during 1919 Fritz Lang married Lisa Rosenthal. The first question to ask is who Lisa Rosenthal was, because there is no known history of her life. Only two facts remain to discuss about her. The first was she was Jewish and came from “Vilnius” in Russia. The second fact is that Lisa Rosenthal committed suicide, or maybe it wasn't a real fact because she was murdered by her husband Fritz Lang.
There are several articles on line about her death and the following paragraphs come from somebody name William Ahearn. (I tried to find out who he was, but the link took me to a page with all those “We found William Ahearn” links on it.)
http://www.williamahearn.com/lisa.html
The following is part of his article on the death of Lisa Rosenthal:
One reference that I found was in Robert A. Armour’s Fritz Lang, published by Twayne Publishers in 1977. Armour wrote, “[Fritz] Lang divorced his first wife and married [Thea] von Harbou.”
Lang didn’t divorce Lisa Rosenthal. Rosenthal died of a gunshot wound to the chest and therein hangs a tale that Lang left behind when he fled from Germany in 1933. The story is told in Patrick McGilligan’s Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast and the recap goes something like this: Thea von Harbou was married to actor Rudolf Klien-Rogge and when her affair with Lang – that was no secret to the film community – heated up, she moved out of her home with Klien-Rogge and moved into the same apartment building as Fritz Lang. One day Lisa Rosenthal comes home unexpectedly and finds Lang and Harbou engaged in “violent petting,” as Lang described it later, on the sofa. Shortly thereafter, Rosenthal is found dead in the bathtub from a gunshot to the chest delivered by Lang’s WWI sidearm that he kept as a memento. Phone calls were made but it wasn’t the police that were called immediately and suspicions flew. Harbou and Lang swore that Rosenthal shot herself and there was little the police could do and Lang and Harbou were charged with denial of assistance although that charge was soon dropped.
Suspicion fell on Lang that he had shot Lisa Rosenthal and émigrés brought that story to Hollywood years later although only in hushed tones and never when Lang was within earshot. No one has ever suggested that Thea von Harbou was in any way involved although obviously, if Lang killed his wife, von Harbou was some sort of accomplice even if only after-the-fact.
Whatever the truth Thea von Harbou and Fritz Lang were married in 1922 shortly after the reported death of Lisa Rosenthal and the start of a significant motion picture partnership began covering the next 11 years.
Thea von Harbou
Of interesting film note is that two years prior to the death of his first wife. Erich Pommer offered “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” to Lang to direct which he turned down, because he was still working on “The Spiders”. One does have to wonder what the film would have been like under his direction and not Robert Wiene?
“Die Spinnen (The Spiders)” was a German serial style adventure series. Each installment is a self-contained story, but still tied to the others by the characters. Think "Indiana Jones" as the stories tell of San Francisco Adventurer Kay Hoog and his battles with an evil crime syndicate known as “The Spiders”. Part One had been released in 1919 and the second installment was the one Fritz Lang was working upon when offered “Caligari”. Two more films were originally planned to complete the overall story, but were never filmed.
On May 26, 1922 a film was released directed by Lang from a screenplay by novelist Norbert Jacques, Thea von Harbou and himself. This 270 minute long silent film would be one of the most memorable of Lang’s career and the first of a trilogy that would not be completed until 1960. After Lang returned to Germany.
In 1893 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle first wrote about “The Napoleon of Crime” Professor James Moriarty”. Moriarty is the most widely known villain in the Sherlock Holmes Canon. In addition to Conan Doyle’s writings the Professor has appeared numerous times in movies and non-Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes based stories, but in reality the character was hardly used by the original author. Moriarty actually appeared only in just two Sherlock Holmes stories “The Final Problem” and “The Valley of Fear”. However, he was mentioned by other characters in five short stories as a reference in passing. This meant that there were 53 Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle without him.
As far as the German and European cinema goes. There’s a character first mention in a 1921 novel by author Norbert Jacques that at the minimal is the equal to Professor Moriarty. The novel and film’s title are the same “Dr. Mabuse deer Spieler (Dr. Mabuse the Gambler)”.
Jacques’ described Dr. Mabuse as: “a criminal mastermind, doctor of psychology, and master of disguise, armed with the powers of hypnosis and mind control, who oversees the counterfeiting and gambling rackets of the Berlin underworld.” In essence Professor Moriarty’s doppelganger.
I highly recommend seeing this film with Thea von Harbou’s ex-husband Rudolf Klein-Rogge as Dr. Mabuse. Along with the 1933’s sound film “Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse (The Testament of Dr. Mabuse)” with the same actor. The final film in Lang’s trilogy is “Die 1000 Augen des Dr. Mabuse (The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse)” starring Bond villain Peter van Eyck in the title role. It would be 27 years after “Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse” appeared in theaters before the final film would be shot. It would also be the first of a series of non-Lang directed movies with van Eyck as the evil genius Doctor filmed and released during the 1960’s.
In 1924 Fritz Lang and his wife tackled a Norse legend that the German’s had claimed as their own. It would be the classic tale of Siegfried and the Nibellungs released as two silent films. The first was titled: “Die Nibelungen: Siegfried” running 143 minutes and the second part: “Die Nibelungen: Kriemhild’s Revenge” running 145 minutes. Probably the most famous version of the legend that is still viewed is Richard Wagner’s Opera written over a period of 26 years from 1848 to 1874.
However all of Fritz Lang’s previous work became overshadowed on January 10, 1927 with the release of the now lost 153 minute original cut of “Metropolis”. Two attempts have been made to restore the film. The first in 2002 ran 118 minutes, but more footage was found and the film was once more restored in 2010 to a running time of 148 minutes. Somewhere out there may be the missing five minutes of critical footage to complete Lang’s German expressionist epic science-fiction film.
For the few who may not know the story it tells of a dystopian future Germany under the rule of what is basically a corporation. It then follows the attempts of young Freder part of the elite and the son of the ruler of Metropolis to set things right. As the story progresses he falls in love for Maria a working class girl who also wants to see things changed.
Fritz Lang’s imagery is everywhere in this film. It is not just the futuristic above ground world of luxury of the wealthy elite like young Freder as compared to the dungeon like underground world of the working class like Maria that treats the viewer’s eyes in Lang’s vision, but what is done to Maria that has always caught their attention also.
Rudolf Klein-Rogge once more comes through with a powerful performance as a scientist working with the ruler of Metropolis to solidify his power base. The mad genius of a scientist comes up with a plan to make a robot duplicate of Maria to mislead the workers who trust the real girl. The effect of changing the real Maria into her robot double and the look of the robot itself is classic cinema and often viewed by itself.
Eventually the son overturns the power of his father and in a climatic fight on the roof stops as the people of the city look on the evil scientist falls to his doom.
Here are a four behind the scenes looks at the filming of Fritz Lang's masterpiece.
One quick comparison concerns the influence of the Maria Robot on George Lucas which I am sure all my readers are familiar with.
Even more ground breaking for motion pictures, the audience and rocket science was Lang and von Harbou’s 1929 film “Frau im Mond (Women in the Moon) released on October 15th. This was the first scientifically accurate science fiction film ever made. German Rocket Scientist Hernan Oberth one of the top in the world at the time designed the space craft and it was a working model also.
The description of the flight to the moon for its day and actually through the 1950’s is totally accurate and interesting to watch. Compare the scenes below from Fritz Lang's 1929 "Frau im Moon" with George Pal's
1950's "Destination Moon" made 21 years later.
Lang, Harbour and Oberth’s ideas for the moon landscape is very cinematic and works quite well. Again compare them to "Destination Moon".
However, it is what Thea von Harbou Lang came up with in 1929 to build tension and suspense in a silent movie for the launch of the space craft that is important to us today. She simply inserted during the scenes of the crew inside the craft and those in the bunker monitoring the launch the numbers 10 through zero in descending order and “The Countdown” was born.
In 1931 Fritz Lang’s first sound film was released and a film he always considered his finest work. The movie introduced a relatively unknown German actor even to that countries movie goers named Peter Lorre. Lorre plays Hans Beckert a child serial killer known only as “M”. A man so repulsive that the German Underworld is tracking him down. Of note is this portrayal would cast Lorre as the villain for years. His big English language break would be in Alfred Hitchcock’s “The Man Who Knew Too Much” from 1934 while Lorre was starting to learn to speak the language.
“M” is still powerful today and the scenes in an abandoned distillery were the criminals take child murderer Beckert to face their justice also work even 83 years after they were shot. By their own criminal code even a man as despicable as “M” is entitled to a hearing. The Underworld holds a kangaroo court trial giving Hans Beckert a chance to explain his actions. You find yourself reading every subtitled line of Lorre’s monologue defense of his actions and although, unless you speak German, you have no idea of the actual words being spoken are correctly translated. It is Peter Lorre’s tone and performance that mesmerizes the viewer.
Germany at this time was starting to change as Adolph Hitler and his NAZI Party came to the forefront. It was within this background of changing German politics and racial persecution that Fritz Lang and Thea von Harbou brought back the aforementioned Dr. Mabuse in “Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse (The Testament of Dr. Mabuse).
The motion pictures opens with the criminal mastermind an inmate of an insane asylum. Where even in his guarded cell he is working on his criminal plans and somehow they start being implemented. As a sign of the times in the motion picture industry prior to dubbing being used for release in other countries. A second version of the film was shot by Lang for the European Market in French with a French cast released as “Le Testament du Dr. Mabuse” using the same sets.
Hitler came to power in January 1933 and on March 14th the new Nazi Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was established under Joseph Goebbels. Lang had not finished editing the second “Dr. Mabuse” film and would not have a print for Goebbels to view until March 23rd. After viewing the motion picture Goebbels praised it as the type of film that Hitler wanted for Nazi Germany.Then contrary to that statement informed Fritz Lang that it would still have to be banned under the new rules, because the tone would decrease the audiences confidence in the country's Statesmen and Adolph Hitler himself. Then Goebbels did another about face and informed the filmmaker that because of the style of the motion picture he wanted Lang to work for him. Fritz Lang was offered the head of The German Cinema Institute the highest position in the film industry. He refused and after other filmmakers on Goebbels' list did the same. The position of top German Film Maker would be eventually offered to Leni Riefenstahl a basically unknown who accepted. Her story follows Lang's in this article.
Like his friends Billy Wilder and Peter Lorre the anti-Jewish tone of the Nazi Party bothered Fritz Lang. Thea von Harbou his wife supported the party, but Lang was worried that although he was a practicing Roman Catholic his mother had been Jewish. What could happen if the Nazi’s eventually discovered that fact? Lang and von Harbou would shortly divorce and in June of 1933 he left Germany for France. Some say he left in 1934, but his passport reflects the June 1933 date.
On April 27, 1934 Fox Europa released “Liliom” directed by Fritz Lang. His only movie made in France and starring French Actor Charles Boyer. Interesting this Fox Europa film was produced by Eric Pommer who had also left Nazi Germany. The play “Liliom” was by Hungarian writer Ferenc Molnar, but the story although produced in this country over the years is better known by its musical adaptation. Revised for the Broadway Stage by Rodgers and Hammerstein as “Carousel”.
Lang would leave France for the United States and make his first movie here in 1936. The movie was “Fury” and told of an innocent man passing through a small town who is blamed for a girl’s kidnapping. The viewer watches as each time the story is told by one person to another, as in the child’s game of telephone, it keeps getting more distorted until a mob mentality develops. The newly created mob attempt to lynch the innocent man. Playing the accused was Spencer Tracy, but the lead in the film was actress Sylvia Sidney as his girlfriend. Tracy’s Joe Wilson is being protected by the Sheriff in the jailhouse and some of the mob attempt to burn the building down and two members light and throw dynamite causing an explosion. When the dust settles the Sheriff and the townspeople find the body of a dog, but no trace of Wilson. They believe he was literally blown to bits.
When the District Attorney after discovering Wilson’s innocence attempts to bring those responsible for this crime to justice. The town’s people again band together and refuse to assist him. However, they are confronted with newsreel footage of the bombing. Meanwhile Wilson who was actually freed by the blast and his brothers are seeking revenge on those people responsible for having him put in jail in the first place.
The film is outstanding, but critics complained about how MGM ruined Lang’s original ending by making him add a happy one with included a reconciliation between Tracy’s character and his girlfriend instead of the darker one originally shot. The film was budgeted at $604,000 and made $1,302,000 in 1936 dollars. Fritz Lang and Bartlett Cormack were nominated for an Oscar for the script. The picture and its reviews were a great welcome to Hollywood for Lang.
Lang would follow “Fury” with another Sylvia Sidney starring vehicle, but instead of Tracy as her co-star it was Henry Fonda with second billing. The released running time of the film, because of the censors was 86 minutes. A full 15 minutes had to be cut from “You Only Live Once”, because of extreme violence. Fonda is an ex-convict who is wrongly convicted of a bank robbery that six people are murdered during. He is sentence to death by electrocution. The film has a hard edge ending where Fonda has a gun smuggled in and is escaping when he accidentally kills the prison chaplain. The chaplain was on his way to tell him he has been pardoned as the body of the real killer and all the bank money has been found in a lake which he apparently drove into. This film went the other way at the box office and lost money. The budget was $628,138 and the box office $589,503.
Lang was combining the Expressionism style of his German films with what he saw of the work from American film makers. He was pioneering what would be known as “film noir” as other filmmakers started to copy his style.
During 1939 Fritz Lang become a naturalized citizen of the United States.
1940 saw Fritz Lang reunited with Henry Fonda in his first stint as a Western director. The movie was “The Return of Frank James” and it picks up the story of Frank after the previous film “Jesse James” directed by Henry King and starring Tyrone Power as Jesse and Fonda as Frank. This film like the first makes Frank James the good guy going after Bob and Charlie Ford for murdering Jesse.
The following year Lang was still in Western mode with “Western Union” based upon the Zane Grey novel and starring Robert Young, Randolph Scott, Dean Jagger and Virginia Gilmore among other things the future Mrs. Yul Bryner in 1944.
Even as with his previous crime films Lang was having problems with the Hays Commission’s Censorship on both his Westerns. While his skill as a director and artist was being recognized.
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times considered “Western Union”:
"spectacular screen entertainment" and applauded director Lang's ability to take a "firmly-constructed fiction" and keep it interesting with "plenty of action and colorful incident."
Adding that he considered the film:
one of the finest color films ever seen" and stating that Lang’s use of the Technicolor process produced "breath-taking shots of vast stretches of prairie across which the construction gang is seen drawing its tiny wire
“Man Hunt” starred Walter Pidgeon and Joan Bennett in what would be the first of four anti-Nazi films by Fritz Lang. Based upon Geoffrey Household’s classic thriller “Rogue Male” the story was revised by Dudley Nichols into a screenplay about a British Game Hunter who goes after the biggest game of all Adolph Hitler and the German’s hunt for him. The novel was also the inspiration for David Morrell’s first novel in his 1972 “the Haunted Man series”. Oh that books title: “First Blood” about a Vietnam veteran named Rambo. “Man Hunt” was also the first Hollywood movie for child actor Roddy McDowall who had been evacuated to the United States after the London Blitz by the German Luffwaffe.
1944’s “Ministry of Fear” has Ray Milland in a great World War 2 Spy Film Noir where he is a man just released from a mental asylum. He inadvertently get involved with an international spy ring after he is mistakenly given something they need. The story was from the novel by writer Graham Greene. Greene wrote “The Third Man” which would be made into a 1948 classic with Joseph Cotton looking for Orson Wells’ as Harry Lime.
1948 and 1950 would see two back to back movies were Fritz Lang entered the world of Horror. The first Psychological and the second Gothic.
Joan Bennett got top billing over Michael Redgrave in “Secret Beyond the Door” and one might attribute it to her husband Walter Wanger producing it. Although it is Fritz Lang’s name that appears on the film. A somewhat reverse, but typical Hollywood ploy had happened with 1943’s “Moontide”. Lang actually directed the majority of the movie, but Archie Mayo is credited on screen, Novelist John O’Hara was also credited on screen as the writer of that film, but Nunnally Johnson screenwriter for such major films as “The Grapes of Wrath”, “Along Came Jones”, “The Desert Fox: the Story of Rommel” and “The Dirty Dozen” did most of the work uncredited.
“Secret Beyond the Door” is a reworking of the Bluebeard story. Wikipedia has this description for the film:
The behavior of Mark Lamphere, an architect, turns strange shortly after his honeymoon with bride Celia, who begins finding out that Mark has many secrets.
It turns out he was married before, his wife died suspiciously and they have a son. He also has a fiercely loyal secretary, Miss Robey, whose face is disfigured.
Mark appears to be somewhat delusional and could be intending to murder Celia inside a room he keeps locked. The disturbed Miss Robey ends up setting fire to the house, whereupon Mark redeems himself by saving Celia's life.
The film was a major bomb with a screenplay by Silvia Richards that plays like a Sigmund Freud dream gone wrong. The script in some areas is a direct rip off of the 1940 movie “Rebecca”.
IMDb described “House by the River” considered a Gothic Film Noir as:
The unsuccessful writer Stephen Byrne tries to force his servant Emily Gaunt sexually while his wife Marjorie Byrne is visiting a friend and accidentally strangles her. His crippled brother John Byrne coincidently comes to his house in that moment, and Stephen asks him to help to get rid of the corpse and avoid a scandal, since his wife would be pregnant. The naive and good John helps his brother to dump the body in the river nearby his house. Stephen uses the disappearance of Emily to blame her and promote his book. When the body is found by the police, all the evidences points to John, and he becomes the prime suspect of the murder.
Fritz Lang wanted the part of Emily Grant to be played by a black actress, but both the producer Howard Welsch and Republic Pictures would have nothing to do with that idea. This was 1950 and they used the possible loss of bookings in the South as their main excuse.
When the film came out it was panned by critics, but Tom Vick in his 2013 release “All Movie Guide by Rovi” wrote:
Lang beautifully evokes the Victorian era with his customary attention to detail. Cinematographer Edward J. Cronjager's low-key lighting fills the Byrnes mansion with appropriately gloomy shadows, and the moonlit river scenes make it seem as if nature itself is offended by the crime. Avant-garde composer George Antheil's haunting score is the perfect accompaniment to this chilling and unconventional exercise in suspense.
We now come to the ups and downs of “American Guerrilla in the Philippines” starring Tyrone Power and Tom Ewell. The movie is based upon the book by War Correspondent Ira Wolfert about the experiences of Navy Ensign Ilifff David Richardson whose PT boat was sunk. Richardson along with the crew became Guerrilla fighters in the Japanese controlled Philippines. The U.S. Army temporary transferred Richardson to their command during this time and he held the rank of Major.
Darryl F. Zanuck bought the rights to the book in 1945 when it came out from Ira Wolfert. The plan was to immediately make a movie. The original cast was to have been Fred MacMurray in the fictional role of Ensign Chuck Palmer and William Bendix as Jim Mitchell and shot in Puerto Rico by director Henry King. This was shelved and the film was recast with John Payne as Palmer and instead of the Mitchell character a female lead played by Linda Darnell was added and the plan was to film on Catalina Island. However, World War 2 ended and Zanuck stopped all World War 2 film production.
Move to 1950, the Korean War, and the return of the film project. Enter Tyrone Power as Palmer and Tom Ewell as Mitchell with Fritz Lang as director. This time the film would be shot in color and in the Philippine Islands with Philippine extras. The film premiered in the Philippines to excellent box office and critical praise. However, there was a protest by Filipino actors as not one Filipino name were in the credits. Zanuck would have the credits redone for all further releases giving the main Filipino actors appearance credit. This is Lang’s least favorite film of his career.
On May 23, 1952 RKO Pictures released one of my all-time favorite off beat Westerns Fritz Lang’s “Rancho Notorious” starring Marlene Dietrich, Arthur Kennedy and Mel Ferrer. This is the story of a criminal hideout called “Chuck-a-Luck” run by Dietrich and two men who become fast friends until one of them discovers it is the other they are out for revenge against over the death of his fiancee.
The original title for the film was “The Legend of Chuck-a-Luck” which the owner of RKO Pictures Howard Hughes disliked and changed to “Rancho Notorious”. At least he allowed the catchy story song to be left within the film as a means of scene change.
The critics including “Variety” didn't really like it. According to “Variety”:
This Marlene Dietrich western has some of the flavor of the old outdoor classics (like the actress's own onetime Destry Rides Again) without fully capturing their quality and magic. The characters play the corny plot [original story by Silvia Richards] straight; directing keeps the pace lively and interesting, and the outdoor shots, abetted by the constant splash of color, are eye-arresting. Dietrich is as sultry and alluring as ever...Dietrich is a dazzling recreation of the old time saloon mistress, and handles her song, 'Get Away, Young Man', with her usual throaty skill.
It’s that “corny plot” that I actually enjoy and the way the three leads play things straight. One also has to remember the picture came from the Howard Hughes Era at RKO. Where we also saw the Western “The Outlaw” where Hughes had his Trans World Airline structural engineers design a more uplifting bra for Jane Russell and John Wayne played Genghis Khan.
From a major play by Clifford Odets the 1952 film “Clash By Night” starred Barbara Stanwyck, Paul Douglas and Robert Ryan, but it was the fourth billed lead Marilyn Monroe that would make the news. During the filming of this semi-film noir a now famous calendar came out featuring her first nude shoot. Fritz Lang and the cast were having major problems with the news media who wanted to interview Monroe. This was also the first real problems for Marilyn dealing with the sudden publicity and not knowing how to mentally handle what she had created. The movie was a money maker and how much was due to Monroe’s calendar is unknown.
Critic Sam Adams wrote about Fritz Lang's directorial style, "Restraint was never Fritz Lang's problem. Indeed, his version of Clifford Odets' Clash by Night is overwrought verging on camp... In Clash's wild kingdom, strong women can only be sated by the threat of male violence: After she marries sturdy lug Paul Douglas, Stanwyck is unerringly drawn towards Ryan's volatile woman-hater, while fish-canner Marilyn Monroe shows her affection to fiancé Keith Andes by socking him in the arm, a gesture he threatens to return in spades. Lang tilled the same turf two years later in Human Desire, a similarly heavy-handed expose of man's bestial nature. Perhaps Lang should have stuck with the style of Clash's extraordinary, near-wordless opening, which begins with shots of seagulls and seals and slowly mixes in the actors in their natural habitats.
Fritz Lang next made in 1953 “The Blue Gardenia” the first of what would be called his “Newspaper Noir” trilogy. The second film “While the City Sleeps” and the final entry “Beyond a Reasonable Doubt” were both made and released in 1956. The films are connected not with cast, but as they revolve around newspapers and reporters being caught up in crime stories.
The non-screenplay importance of these three films is that “The Blue Gardenia” starts the last three years of making motion pictures in the United States for Fritz Lang and “Beyond a Reasonable Doubt” ends it. This was also the period when the director started to go blind.
Between these films was 1953’s “The Big Heat” considered the last major work made by Lang in the United States! The film stars Glenn Ford, Gloria Grahame and Lee Marvin. The film noir is about Homicide detective Sergeant Dave Bannion played by Glenn Ford. He takes on the crime syndicate led by Mike Lagana that controls his city after they kill his wife. Bannion resigns from the force and becomes a vigilante and goes after Lagana’s second in command Vince Stone played by Lee Marvin. Gloria Grahame plays Debbie Marsh the girlfriend of Stone, but starts to fall for Bannion.
The film is best known for the scene in which Marvin’s Stone makes the mistake of disfiguring the face of Grahame turning her into the means of bringing him and his boss down. The film was well received by the film critics even though some thought Ford’s character is also really not likable to be someone the audience should identify with.
As critic Grant Tracey wrote:
Whereas many noirs contain the tradition of the femme-fatale, the deadly spiderwoman who destroys her man and his family and career, The Big Heat inverts this narrative paradigm, making Ford [Det. Bannion] the indirect agent of fatal destruction. All four women he meets—from clip joint singer, Lucy Chapman, to gun moll Debby—are destroyed.
I have seen the film several times and always enjoy the interplay between the three leads. As it is a character drawn film.
With the exception of the Newspaper Trilogy during this period the two other films Fritz Lang made before he left the United States for Germany in 1959 are truly forgettable. As I mentioned previously Lang was losing his sight and now wore an eye patch over his right eye looking like a pirate captain which apparently he joked about.
In 1959 Lang directed the first of two German-French-Italian films which became “Fritz Lang’s Indian Epic” about a German architect in India. The first film was “Der Tiger Von Eschnapur (The Tiger of Eschnapur)” and starred American Actress Debra Paget and German Actor Paul Hubschmid. Hubschmid used a more non-German name when he made films in Hollywood. My readers who are into Science Fiction and Stop Motion Animation know Hubschmid under his American acting name of Paul Christian from Ray Harryhausen’s 1953 classic “The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms” as the two following pictures show.
The first film has architect Harold Berger, Hubschmid, arriving in India to build for a Maharaja. While there he saves a young dancer, Paget, from a tiger. The two fall in love, but she is promised to the Maharaja. The film ends as a cliffhanger with the two fleeing into the desert from the Maharaja as he decides now to build a tomb and will use Berger’s brother as the builder.
The second film also in 1959 “Das indische Grabmal (The Indian Tomb)” picks up the story as the Maharaja continues to build his tomb and settles the love story of the Berger and Dancer characters.
The original film version of these stories was a single three and a half hour silent film made in 1921 based upon a novel by Lang’s wife Thea von Harbou. Fritz Lang did not direct. When he made his version Lang divided the story into two films of about 100 minutes each.
James H. Nicholson at American International Pictures acquired the rights to the two films. AIP proceeded to edit them into one film running 95 minutes. The title of the film depending on where they showed it was either “Journey to the Lost City”, or “Tiger of Bengal”. AIP once more billed Paul Hubschmid as Paul Christian. The Hayes Office also got into the act and Debra Paget’s dance was heavily edited. You can find the dance on You Tube as originally filmed.
Lang’s original cut of the two films was thought lost, but a copy of both were discovered and released on two separate DVD’s with both a German and English language track by Image Entertainment in 2001.
As mentioned earlier in 1960 the last film in Lang’s Dr. Mabuse Trilogy was made. “Die 1000 Augen des Dr. Mabuse (The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse) starred Peter van Eyck in the title role and Gert Frobe four years before he would play “Goldfinger” as the Police Inspector after him. However, it was British Actress Dawn Adams who had top billing. The film was not up to the quality of Lang’s previous two, but spawned the series of films I also mentioned before.
Lang would appear in a cameo as himself in French director Jean-Luc Godard’s “Contempt” in 1963. After which Fritz Lang disappeared from the motion picture industry and most movie goer’s knowledge. On television “Western Union” and “Rancho Notorious” would show up from time to time and even “The Big Heat”, but unless you were a Foreign film buff going to an Art House movie theater to see a bad prints of “Metropolis” and “M”, or one of his two earlier Mabuse film’s the name of Fritz Lang means nothing to the average American movie goer.
Sometime after the Godard film Fritz Lang’s friendship with actress Lily Latte whom he had directed back in 1934 France in “Liliom” apparently became more than that. The two were married in 1971 and that would last until his death in 1976. Lang is buried in the Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles.
Fritz Lang’s American period of film making is ignored by most Cinema historians and film critics and passed off as nothing more than a few war era movies, spy films and thrillers. His champions are found in Europe and especially France with such film makers as Francois Truffaut and Jacques Rivette.
One does not know their future at birth and it can still haunt you at 101 years of age on your death bed.
In 1933 Joseph Goebbels offered Fritz Lang the position of head of “The German Film Institute” which would have made Lang the most powerful film maker in the country, but it also meant Fritz Lang would be working hand and hand within the policies of the Nazi Party and mandated to join the party. Lang’s answer was “no”! Shortly after the offer he left Germany and would not return for another 26 years.
Goebbels needed a film maker to head the institute and was turned down by other filmmakers he approached. One reason was the German film industry was predominately Jewish in the director and producer areas. Eventually Joseph Goebbels made the same offer to 31 year old Leni Riefenstahl and she accepted.
Her decision to work for the Nazi Party and make two specific films at the request of Adolph Hitler, become part of a controversy that lasted for the rest of Riefenstahl's life. This is her story and you decide how you view that life and those two infamous, or famous films “Victory of Faith” and “Triumph of the Will”.
Helene “Leni” Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl was born on August 22, 1902 in Berlin, Germany to a very prosperous German Protestant family.
Her father Alfred Riefenstahl was the owner of a major heating and ventilation company and he wanted his daughter to follow in the family business. Her mother Bertha Scherlach Riefenstahl had dreams of her own for Helene and believed her beautiful girl should go into show business making an interesting dynamic within the household.
Helene had a younger brother Heinz, He would die on the Russian Front during World War 2 at the age of 36 fighting for Hitler’s Germany.
Ten year old Leni and Seven year old Heinz
While her father saw Helene as the heir to his business. Her mother started realizing where “Leni’s” talent lay, When at the age of 4 she started to not only paint, but write very good poetry. At the age of 12 Leni joined a gymnastic and swim club adding both of those disciplines to her painting and poetry writing. Her father stayed disappointed and refused to support his daughter. He felt strongly that she should be thinking of a real profession, even at this young age, that would support her through the realities of life. Art, poetry, gymnastics and swimming to Leni's father were fine, but as hobbies.
That interesting dynamic in the household kept showing itself. Leni's mother still saw the girl's future differently from her husband. So at the age of 16 she took Leni to a dance performance of “Snow White”. It was this performance that brought the young girl to the decision that her future was tied to dance, but once more she ran afoul of her father. He was willing only to pay for her education in a field that would lead Leni to a solid business life. Her father would not waste his hard earned money on dance, or art lessons. However her mother rebelled and enrolled the girl in dance and ballet classes at the Grimm-Reiter Dance School in Berlin.
Another article says Leni's age at this time was 15 which really is not important, Her father found out about the classes and threatened his wife with divorce, if she let the girl continue. A compromise was worked out, or so Leni’s father thought. She would be enrolled in the Crown Prince Palace academy to learn drawing and painting. What her father did not know was that Leni was still attempting to learn dance on her own with her mother’s full knowledge and cooperation.
It would take the girl until the age of 19 to finally convince her father that dancing was his daughter's life and career. It was arranged for Leni to study ballet with the Russian prima ballerina Eduardova. Being so far behind she doubled her work load and studied modern dancing with Mary Wigman and Jutta Klamt. At the age of 21 Helene “Leni” Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl gave her first performance in the Berlin Bluthner Hall and became famous in Germany overnight as a result.
Leni Riefenstahl was “Discovered” by Max Reinhardt who was the director of various theaters and managed the Deutsches Theater (“German Theater”) in Berlin and the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna.
Leni was the first dancer to ever perform alone on stage at the prestigious Deustsches Theater and this occurred every night for a complete week. She then went on tour giving over 70 performances under the direction of Reinhardt. However, during a split jump in a theater in Prague she injured her knee so severely that her dancing career was over. Almost as fast as it actually started after all that hard work, training and battles with her father.
I should point out for what is to come in Leni Riefenstahl’s life that Max Reinhardt was in reality Austrian Jew Maximilian Goldman, using a more German sounding name to be acceptable. Along with the likes of Fritz Lang and Peter Lorre he would flee Germany in 1933.
The question should be asked even if one speculate about what Leni’s future life would have been, if that accident never occurred and she continued under the mentoring of Reinhart in dance and enrolled in his acting school in Vienna considered the premiere in Europe?
Leni Riefenstahl stated that in 1924 she went to the movies and saw a film by producer Arnold Fanck called “Berg des Schicksals (Mountain of Destiny)”. The silent film was about an "Alpinist" who falls to his death while climbing a dangerous peak. Riefenstahl decided to contact Fanck about being an actress in one of his movies and this would lead to her acting career and the next step in her convoluted life.
The first appearance of Leni Riefenstahl on film was as a dancer in a small scene in the 1925 silent “Wege zu Kraft und Schonhelf (Way to Strength and Beauty”). The film was about health and beauty in conformity with nature directed by Nicholas Kaufmann and actually starred American Boxer Jack Dempsey. The film featured future MGM movie Tarzan Johnny Weissmuller who had just become an Olympic Swimming Champion at the 1924 Games.
The first film by Arnold Fanck Leni Riefenstahl would act in was “Der heillge Berg (The Holy Mountain)”. As with the previous movie she played a dancer and in the script falls in love with an engineer at his cottage in the mountains. The film actually began production prior to “Way to Strength and Beauty” in January of 1925, but weather conditions in the Alps prevented it from being completed and the film would not be released until 1926. Riefenstahl would continue to appear in films by Franck playing the athletic lead and projected solid sexuality on the silent screen in these roles while becoming very popular with the German public.
Leni accompanied Arnold Fanck to the 1928 Winter Olympic Games in St. Moritz, Switzerland. These were the first true Winter Games held separately for the first time. It was during the games the Rienfensthal became interested in athletic photography and attempted filming them.
In 1930 Erich Pommer at UFA studios considered her for the role of Lola-Lola in a film he was producing to be directed by Josef von Sternberg. Leni Riefenstahl lost the part to her next door neighbor Marlene Dietrich. The film was “The Blue Angel” and made Dietrich an international star. Once more one has to wonder if fate had not intervened would Leni not Dietrich played the part of “Frenchy” opposite James Stewart in 1939’s “Destry Rides Again” and off to becoming an important star in the United States instead of making films for Nazi Germany?
After two more films as an actress and under the mentoring of Arnold Fanck who was teaching her the skills of directing. In 1932 Leni Riefenstahl made her first directorial debut in “Das blaue Licht (The Blue Light)” a film in which she also starred, co-produced and co-wrote. In the film Riefenstahl plays Junta a young women who lives alone on a mountain near a alpine village where several young men have felt compelled to climb and all have fallen to their death. The villagers believe she is a witch.
The movie was one of the first sound era motion pictures filmed entirely on location which was a feat in itself in those early days of talkies. The movie opened in Germany on March 24, 1932 and in the United States on May 8, 1934. The following are some descriptions of Riefenstahl’s first directorial work by American newspapers from a Wikipedia article on the film:
“The New York Sun described the film as "one of the most pictorially beautiful films of the year. Leni Riefenstahl - author, director and star - is an expert climber as well as handsome woman."
The New York Herald Tribune praised the "sheer pictorial beauty", the publication also praised Riefenstahl remarking "how flawlessly this girl, who plays the lead and also wrote and directed, accomplished her task."
The New York Times remarked that "a summary of the story gives no adequate idea of the beauty of the action and the remarkable camera work, especially in connection with the light effects."
The film won the “Silver Medal” at the “Venice Biennale” a major bi-annually art competition in Venice, Italy. However, the film was not well received outside of Germany and Leni Rienfenstahl blamed the critics for this and noted that they were prominently Jewish. When the film was re-released in 1938 she had the names of her co-writers Bela Balazs and Harry Sokai removed because they were also Jewish. You could argue that in 1938 she was now working under Nazi Germany, but Rienfenstahl is on record as turning over the names of her co-screen writer’s earlier to Nazi Propagandist Julius Streicher. Whose newspaper “Der Sturmer” was a central element in Nazi propaganda and would publish three anti-Semitic books for school children.
Prior to the release of “Blue Light” in the United States Leni Rienfenstahl had received offers to come to Hollywood and make films in this country, but supposedly she turned these offers down to stay with a boyfriend. One of those who considered himself a patron of the arts and found “Blue Light” an outstanding example of German film making and wanted to meet its director was Adolph Hitler the head of the Nazi Party who became the German Chancellor in 1933.
FILMING FOR THE NAZI PARTY
What did Leni Riefenstahl think of the Chancellor Adolph Hitler?
In her autobiography “Leni Riefenstahl – A Memoir” St. Martin’s Press, 1993 she writes of hearing him speak at a really in 1932:
"I had an almost apocalyptic vision that I was never able to forget. It seemed as if the Earth's surface were spreading out in front of me, like a hemisphere that suddenly splits apart in the middle, spewing out an enormous jet of water, so powerful that it touched the sky and shook the earth"
According to the German newspaper “The Daily Express” for April 24, 1934 Riefenstahl stated having read Hitler’s “Mein Kampf” while making “The Blue Light”:
"The book made a tremendous impression on me. I became a confirmed National Socialist after reading the first page. I felt a man who could write such a book would undoubtedly lead Germany. I felt very happy that such a man had come"
In 1933 Leni wrote Hitler a letter asking to meet him and he granted her request. From that meeting she received his permission to film the 1933 fifth Nazi Party rally which was to be held at Nuremberg starting on the last day of August. The result was “Der Seig des Glaubens (Victory of Faith) an hour long propaganda film promoting National Socialism and had a sequence with Hitler and Ernst Rohm which gave it major historical significance to students of Nazi Germany.
Ernst Rohm was a German officer in the Bavarian Army and an early Nazi Party leader. He was also the co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (Storm Battalion, the S.A.) and he was murdered during “Nacht der langen Messer (The Night of the Long Knives)” in July 1934. Although Heinrich Himmler oversaw the murder plot this was Hitler removing a strongly liked potential rival. Sometimes referred to as “Operation Hummingbird, but more commonly in Germany as the “Rohm-Putsch (Rohm Purge), because it not only removed Rohm but all his known allies. Adolph Hitler was consolidating his power base. After the purge was completed Hitler ordered all copies “Der Seig des Glaubens” destroyed, but one turned up 57 years later in the UK confirming the relationship between the two leaders at the start of the Nazi Party’s rule of Germany and the idea of a joint leadership.
As I wrote also in 1933 Fritz Lang was offered, but turned down the position of head of “The German Film Institute” as it involved becoming a member of the Nazi Party and Joseph Goebbels eventually offered it to Leni Riefenstahl and she accepted.
Why the position was offered to this 31 year old young women who had only acted in 8 motion pictures, directed “The Blue Light” and now one short propaganda film is a good question. There were many more experienced motion pictures directors in the industry still remaining in the country. By accepting Goebbel’s offer Riefenstahl overnight became the most powerful film maker in Germany. Was it the apparent requirement to join the Nazi Party that made other film makers like Lang refuse? Although some did join on their own. Where others offered the position and finally Goebbel’s got to Leni? We know that Riefenstahl always claimed she never was a party member.
It does appear that her mentor Arnold Fanck was offered the position before her also and this quotation from his biography on Wikipedia gives us perhaps an answer, or again doubt of her words.
“During the National Socialist period, Fanck got in trouble with propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, since he refused to cooperate — apparently because of the necessity of joining the party. In 1934, he also began working on his film, Der ewige Traum/Der König vom Mont-Blanc, which not only starred a French hero in French mountains, but also had a Jewish producer, Gregor Rabinowitsch. This conflict brought Fanck into economic difficulties, from which he was only able to escape by accepting a contract from the Japanese ministry of culture in 1936.”
If Fanck, like Lang, refused Goebbels over “the necessity of joining the party”. How could Leni have accepted the position without becoming a Nazi Party Member? We know from “The Daily Express” article that she “became a confirmed National Socialist--“from just reading the first page of “Mein Kampf” of course that story could be false and again I leave the answer up to my reader.
TRIUMPH OF THE WILL
“On 5 September 1934.
20 Years after the outbreak of the World War,
16 years after the beginning of German suffering,
19 months after the beginning of the German rebirth.
Adolf Hitler flew again to Nuremberg to review the columns of his faithful followers.”
Opening dialogue to “Triumph of the Will” written by Riefenstahl.
The only source we have for conversations between Leni Riefenstahl and Adolph Hitler about the making of “Triumph of the Will” is her own memoirs. So again you the reader have to make a decision on how you weigh her words.
According to Riefenstahl Hitler was very impressed with the work she did with “Der Seig des Glaubens” and wanted her to film the upcoming 1934 Party rally again in Nuremberg. According to Leni she told him “no”, because:
"I would not be able to go on living if I had to give up acting".
How filming the picture would stop her from acting was never explained by Riefenstahl. Her statement becomes even more confusing as the memoir further states Leni wanted to return to making feature films and specially wanted to film Adolph Hitler’s favorite opera by Eugen d’Albert’s called “Tiefland (Lowlands)”.
The opera is still a favorite in Germany and Austria. According to Leni Riefenstahl she received private funding, the source is never mentioned, and went to Spain to shoot the film, but problems developed which stopped production. So she returned to Germany and agreed to film the sixth Nazi Party rally for Hitler and it would be another six years before she would work on the film Opera film once more.
Filmed in 1934 and released in 1935 “Triumph des Willens (Triumph of the Will)” the title came from Hitler and would become an epic piece of propaganda. Given unlimited funds and resources Leni Riefensthal would produce, direct, edit and co-write the dialogue for her film treatment of the 1934 Nazi Party rally. The “Congress”, as the rally was called, reflected the strength and power of Hitler as it was attended by an estimated 700,000, or more Nazi supporters and Riefenstahl’s lenses would intimately capture the moment for the World to see.
The 114 minute film contains parts of speeches given by Hitler, Rudolf Hess, Julius Streicher and other Nazi party leaders interspersed with footage of massed Sturmabteilung (S.A.) and Schutzstaffel (S.S.) troops out among the German public. The message delivered by Leni Riefenstahl to the German people and the World audience was that Germany was now a great power and Adolph Hitler the leader who had brought this to his nation.
Looking at this movie today “Triumph of the Will” has an interesting duality to it.
To begin with there is no question that the motion picture is one of the greatest filmed works of propaganda ever made. Leni Riefenstahl’s choice of scenes and her editing combined to make it so and it is today still recognized as such and her model still used.
The flipside of this duality is her film work itself. Leni Riefensthal created techniques and developed others beyond their current use. These techniques included moving cameras, aerial photography, the use of long focus lenses to purposely create a distorted perspective to certain scenes and the revolutionary approach with her use of music tied to th
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'Stripped' Beatles album revealed
Album cover "stripped back" like the music has been overhauled
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LONDON, England -- The Beatles' record company has unveiled the cover of a stripped-down version of the band's album, "Let It Be," which is due to be released next month.
"Let It Be ... Naked" features the original cover shot but as a negative in black-and-white mounted on a gray background, the idea being to strip the image back in the same way the music has been overhauled.
The new version of the album -- recorded amid acrimony mainly in 1969 and released the following year -- takes the music nearer their desire to return to basics, as expressed in the optimistic claim on the original sleeve, "This is a New Phase Beatles Album."
It strips away the orchestration and lavish production work of "Wall of Sound" producer Phil Spector, which had been criticized, not least by Sir Paul McCartney.
"Let It Be" was recorded before the acclaimed final album, "Abbey Road," but was released later due to disagreements that ultimately led to the band splitting in 1970.
The new version will be released November 17.
A statement from McCartney said: "If we'd have had today's technology back then, it would sound like this because this is the noise we made in the studio. It's all exactly as it was in the room. You're right there now."
The only other surviving Beatle Ringo Starr added: "When I first heard it, it was really uplifting. It took you back again to the times when we were this band, the Beatle band."
The track listing of "Let It Be ... Naked" differs from the 1970 release. Background dialogue, "Dig It" and "Maggie Mae" have been removed and "Don't Let Me Down" has been added.
A bonus 20-minute CD will be released with the album featuring extracts from the original sessions together with a booklet of historic photographs of the sessions.
The release of the album coincides with a surge in interest in the Fab Four following the success of the greatest hits album "1" which was released three years ago.
A spokesman for the band said: "As the release of 'Let It Be ... Naked' is coinciding with an increase in demand for guitar-based rock and quality pop, it is hoped that this new appeal to the young will be enduring."
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