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Welcome [current-user:field_user_first_name]
The fastest way to access all
your go abroad essentials.
The 4 BIG Things
Your comprehensive guide to international success.
Quick links to opportunities, advice & more.
MyWorldBlog
Updates, ideas & inspiration from MyWorldAbroad.
Hachey Seminar Schedule
Jean-Marc Hachey is the author and online publisher of MyWorldAbroad. He welcomes inquiries to speak to students and staff at universities and colleges in the US, Canada, the UK or France. For more information about his seminars, click here.
UPCOMING SEMINARS & CONFERENCES
Meet author Jean-Marc Hachey at one of the following upcoming events:
Cannexus National Career Development Conference, hosted by CERIC. Meet Jean-Marc Hachey at our exhibitor booth or hear him speak during the IEC Workforce Development Panel on Tuesday, Jan 28 from 3:45-5:00pm. Conference located in Ottawa, ON (Jan 27-29, 2020)
Canadian Bureau for International Education Annual Conference, Winnipeg, SK (Nov 17-20, 2019)
PREVIOUS SEMINARS & CONFERENCES
Jean-Marc has spoken at the following colleges/universities and other venues recently:
Canadian Bureau for International Education Annual Conference, Ottawa, ON (Nov 18-21, 2018)
Global Internship Conference, Detroit, MI (June 12-14, 2018)
Algoma University, 1 student seminar, 1 staff training seminar, Sault Ste. Marie, ON (March 1, 2018)
Canadian Bureau for International Education Annual Conference, Halifax, NS (Nov 19-22, 2017)
CIEE Annual Conference Born digital: embracing technology to enhance international education, Austin, TX (Nov 7-11, 2017)
University of Waterloo, 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Waterloo, ON (Oct 25, 2017)
Lakehead University, 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Thunder Bay, ON (Sept 27, 2017)
University of Lethbridge, 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Lethbridge, AB (Sept 21, 2017)
Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT), 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Edmonton, AB (Sept 19 & 20, 2017)
SUNY Plattsburgh, 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Plattsburgh, NY (Feb 15 & 16, 2017)
Binghamton University, 2 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Plattsburgh, NY (Feb 14, 2017) (view Abroad-101 poster or International-Job-Hunting poster)
University of Southern Indiana, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Evansville, IN (Monday Nov 14, 2016)
Colloquium on International Engineering Education: Preparing the Global Workforce, hosted by the University of Rhode Island, Warwick, RI (Nov. 3-4, 2016)
IIE Summit on Generation Study Abroad, MyWorldAbroad is a proud Commitment Partner for Generation Study Abroad and delights in sharing our free student training materials. Visit our exhibitor booth and meet Jean-Marc Hachey and Richard Berthelsen in Washington, DC (Oct 23-25, 2016)
Career Integration Education Abroad Conference, co-hosted by The University of Minnesota’s Learning Abroad Center and CAPA. View our presentation: Nudging Students to Gain Global Competencies, Boston, MA (July 13-15, 2016)
Global Internship Conference: co-hosted by Northeastern University and the Academic Internship Council (which is now part of the CIEE), Boston, MA (June 15-17, 2016)
HEC Montreal, 1 staff training seminar, Montreal, Quebec (April 27, 2016)
SOCODEVI, 3-hour seminar on the international job search for Global Affairs Canada International Youth Internship Program (IYIP), Québec City, PQ (April 26, 2016)
Stony Brook University, 3 student seminars, 1 staff training seminar, Stony Brook, NY (April 11-12, 2016)
Université de Moncton, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Moncton, NB (March 17, 2016)
ABOUT SPEAKING IN LOUISIANA: Jean-Marc thoroughly enjoyed speaking in Baton Rouge and in Lafayette Louisiana, the heartlands of Cajun country. Jean-Marc is an Acadian from the province of New Brunswick and the Cajuns of Louisiana are his Acadian ancestors deported to Louisiana from their homeland in Nova Scotia in 1755. It was his delight to meet many Cajuns while speaking often in French to a wide group of friendly people he met during his travels in the Acadiana region. The pleasure was all the more appreciated when Jean-Marc spoke on an adjacent date at the Université de Moncton which is now the heartland of Acadians in New Brunswick.
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Baton Rouge, LA (March 1, 2016)
Louisiana State University, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Baton Rouge, LA (Feb 25, 2016)
1 student seminar presented in French (Feb 24, 2016)
University of British Columbia, staff seminar, Vancouver, BC (Jan 22, 2016)
Simon Fraser University, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Vancouver, BC (Jan 20, 2016)
McGill University, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, Montreal, QC (Nov 23, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster or International-Students poster)
Université Laval, 1 student seminar, 1 staff seminar, (International Education Week), Québec City, QC (Nov 19, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster)
SUNY: Fashion Institute of Technology, 2 student seminars, 1 staff seminar, (International Education Week), New York, NY (Nov 17, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster or International-Students poster)
Lebanon Valley College, student and staff training seminars (just prior to International Education Week), Annville, PA (Nov 12, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster)
West Chester University, staff training seminar, West Chester, PA (Nov 11, 2015)
Elizabethtown College, student and staff seminars, Elizabethtown, PA, (Nov 12) (view Abroad-101 poster)
University of New Brunswick (Fredericton), student & staff seminar, Fredericton, NB (Oc 29, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster)
University of New Brunswick (UNBSJ), student & staff seminar, Saint John, NB (Oc 28, 2015) (view Abroad-101 poster)
IIE Summit on Generation Study Abroad, MyWorldAbroad is a proud Commitment Partner for Generation Study Abroad and delights in sharing our free student training materials. Visit our exhibitor booth and attended our presentation on Friday in Washington, DC (Oct 1-2, 2015)
George Brown College, panellist for alumni event Life After College, Toronto Ontario (July 23, 2015)
SUNY Career Development Organization Conference, Exhibitor, Corning NY (June 10-11, 2015)
Stony Brook University, student and staff training seminars, Stony Brook, NY (3 seminars on April 15 & 16, 2015)
WUCS/CECI "International Forum", Montreal, QC (Jan 23, 2015)
Ryerson University, Ted Rogers School of Management, staff seminar, Toronto, ON (Dec 8, 2014)
University of Michigan-Flint, student seminars (International Education Week), Flint, Michigan, (3 seminars on Nov 20, 2014) (view Abroad-101 poster or International-Students poster)
Western University, student seminars (just prior to International Education Week), London, ON (afternoon Nov 12; morning Nov 13, 2014) (view poster)
University of Waterloo, student seminars (just prior to International Education Week), Waterloo, ON (eve. Nov 11; morning & mid-day Nov 12, 2014) (view poster)
Wilfrid Laurier University, student seminars, (just prior to International Education Week), Waterloo, ON (afternoon Nov 10; morning Nov 11, 2014) (view poster)
University of Ottawa, student seminars, Ottawa, ON (Nov 7, 2014) (view English or French poster)
Career Integration Conference (this was a great conference) hosted my the University of Minnesota's Learning Abroad Center and GPS Alliance, Exhibitor and presenter, Minneapolis, MN (July 21-22, 2014)
Global Internship Conference (GEC), Exhibitor and conference supporter, Toronto ON (June 11-12, 2014)
Université de Moncton, Moncton NB (April 3, 2014)
Niagara University, Niagara NY (March 17-18, 2014)
MPACE -Mountain Pacific ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Phoenix, AZ (Dec 11-13, 2013)
SoACE -Southern ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Chantilly VI (Dec 8-11, 2013)
Carleton University, staff seminar, Ottawa, ON (Nov 28, 2013)
California State University: Fresno: International Education Week student & staff presentations, Fresno, CA (Nov 13-14, 2013).
Université Laval: International Education Week student & staff presentations, Québec City, QC (Nov 12, 2013).
McGill University, staff seminar, Montreal, QC (Nov 11, 2013)
Ryerson University, Ted Rogers School of Management, staff seminar, Toronto, ON (Aug 19, 2013)
MidWest ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Chicago IL (July 29-31, 2013)
NACE Annual Conference (National Association of Colleges and Employers): Exhibitor, Orlando FL (June 4-7, 2013); Join us for the Product Learning Showcase. Learn firsthand about the LAUNCH of our NEW WEBSITE MyWorldAbroad.com and meet Jean-Marc Hachey, founder, author and seminar presenter.
EACE Annual Conference (Eastern Association of Colleges and Employers): Exhibitor, Atlantic City, NJ (May 28 - 31, 2013)
Trent University, Student Seminar and Staff Training, Peterborough ON (March 7, 2013)
NACE Annual Conference (National Association of Colleges and Employers): Exhibitor, Las Vegas NV (June 12-15, 2012); Join us for the Product Learning Showcase: Chablis room, 7:30 am to 8:15 am (Thursday, June 14, 2012)
EACE Annual Conference (Eastern Association of Colleges and Employers): Exhibitor, Portland MAINE (June 4-6, 2012)
Université Laval: staff training & Student presentations, Québec City, QC (Feb 7, 2012)
University of Ottawa: staff training, Ottawa, ON (Jan 25, 2012)
Carleton University and Sprott School of Business: Ottawa, ON, (Jan 24, 2012)
SoACE -Southern ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Savannah GA (Dec 7-9, 2011)
MPACE -Mountain Pacific ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Portland OR (Dec 4-7, 2011)
Pitzer College, Claremont (Los Angeles) CA (October 6, 2011)
Study and Go Abroad Fairs Featured Speaker: catch Jean-Marc’s dynamic presentations “How To Maximize the Career Value of Your Study Abroad Experience” at any of the following locations: Ottawa ON (Sept 29, 2011), Toronto ON (Oct 1-2, 2011), Vancouver BC (Oct 4, 2011), Calgary AB (Oct 5, 2011)
Université de Moncton, Moncton NB (Sept 28, 2011)
University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI (Sept 27, 2011)
Mount Allison University, Sackville NB (Sept 27, 2011)
HEC Montreal, Montreal Quebec (Sept 21, 2011)
MidWest ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Lombard (Chicago) IL (August 1-3, 2011)
MBA Career Services Council Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Keystone, Colorado (June 21 to 24, 2011)
NACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Dallas TX (May 31 - June 3, 2011)
Centennial College of Arts and Technology, Toronto, ON (March 30, 2010)
Institute of International Education, IIE Best Practices Conference: conference participant, New York, NY (March 17-18, 2011)
Study and Go Abroad Fairs: Featured Speaker: catch Jean-Marc’s dynamic presentations “Go Abroad and Develop Your Global Career Skills,” Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto (March 3, 5, 6, 2011)
Université des Antilles et de la Guyane: Fort de France, Martinique, France (Jan 3-4, 2011)
MPACE -Mountain Pacific ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Newport Beach CA (Dec 8-10, 2010)
SoACE -Southern ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Dallas, TX (Nov 30 - Dec 3, 2010)
University of Michigan-Flint: Flint, MI (Nov 17, 2010)
Study and Go Abroad Fairs: Featured Speaker: Jean-Marc’s presentations “How To Maximize the Career Value of Your Study Abroad Experience” Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto (Sept 23, 25, 26 & 27, 2010)
MidWest ACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Minneapolis MN (August 1-3, 2010)
EACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Philadelphia PA (June 16-18, 2010)
NACE Annual Conference: Exhibitor, Orlando FL (June 1-4, 2010)
UBC: Sauder School of Business (Webinar event), Vancouver, BC (March 16, 2010)
Salve Regina University (Webinar event), Newport RI (Feb 27, 2010)
HEC Montreal, Montreal Quebec (Feb 9 2010)
Université Laval, Québec City, QC (Feb 8, 2010)
Fanshawe College, London, ON (Feb 4, 2010)
Bishop's University, Sherbrooke QC (Nov 24, 2009)
McGill University, Montreal QC (Nov 23, 2009)
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia (Nov 18, 2009)
Université de Moncton, Shippagan NB (Oct 16, 2009)
Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick: Campus de Bathurst, Bathurst NB (Oct 15, 2009)
Université de Moncton, Moncton NB (Oct 14, 2009)
Mount Allison University, Sackville NB (Oct 14, 2009)
University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI (Oct 13, 2009)
EACE Annual Conference (Eastern Association of Colleges and Employers), Buffalo NY (June 17-18-19, 2009): Visit Jean-Marc Hachey at his booth or attend the conference’s closing Mega Session when he presents“Helping Students Understand International Careers” (9:30 to 10:30, Friday June 19, 2009).
TVO, The Agenda with Steve Paikin, Toronto ON, TVO (March 26, 2009). Jean-Marc Hachey was one of four panelists along with Ruth Van Reken co-author of Third Culture Kids.“Belonging in a Global Era: When global souls settle down: how returning Canadians change the country”
Niagara University, Niagara NY (March 24, 2009)
University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB (Feb 12, 2009)
University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC (Feb 10, 2009)
Institut Supérieur du Commerce (ISC Paris), Paris, France (Jan 30, 2009)
TELECOM & Management SudParis (ex INT), Evry (Paris), France (Jan 29-30, 2009)
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR (Jan 23, 2009)
Humber College, International Project Management Program, Toronto, ON (Nov 25, 2008)
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (Nov 18, 2008)
Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (Sep29, 2008)
Go Abroad Fair (Toronto and Vancouver) Key Note speaker, Exhibition Place (Toronto) and Vancouver Convention & Exhibition Centre. Meet Jean-Marc at his booth and catch any of his four presentations. Seminars are free and inspirational! Vancouver, BC (Sep 13-14, 2008), Toronto, Ontario (Sep 20-21, 2008).
NAFSA Annual Conference (Association of International Educators), Washington, DC. Visit our booth #754 celebrating the launch of “College Site Access to The BIG Guide Online” (May 29-30, 2008).
NACE National Meeting (National Association of Colleges and Employers), New Orleans, LO (May 29-30, 2008). Visit our booth celebrating the launch of “College Site Access to The BIG Guide Online.” Concurrent Session “Understanding how international internships are different from domestic internships” (May 28, 2008). Jean-Marc Hachey’s pre-conference seminar “Twelve new and non-conventional strategies for college career centers who want to help their students prepare for work in the new global economy." (Tuesday May 27).
California State University: Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA (Apr 22, 2008)
University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Apr 16, 2008)
Brigham Young University: Hawaii, Laie (Oahu), HA (March 27, 2008)
Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI (Mar 12, 2008)
University of Illinois: Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL (Mar 5-6, 2008)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Mar 3-4, 2008)
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (Mar 2-3, 2008)
University of Evansville, Evansville, IN (Feb 20, 2008)
Rhodes College, Memphis, TN (Feb 19, 2008)
San Jose State University, San Jose, CA (Feb 13, 2008)
Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA (Feb 12, 2008)
Grant MacEwan College, Edmonton, AB (Feb 4, 2008)
University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (Feb 1, 2008)
OXFAM-Québec, Montreal, QC (Jan 30, 2008)
TELECOM & Management SudParis (ex INT), Evry (Paris) FRANCE (Jan 24-25, 2008)
INSA Toulouse, Toulouse, FRANCE (Jan 22, 2008)
CERAM Business School Nice, Nice, FRANCE (Jan 21, 2008)
l’Ecole de Management de Normandie, Caen, FRANCE (Jan 18, 2008)
University of Toronto, School of Commerce, Toronto, ON (Jan 9 2008)
Humber College, International Project Management Program, Toronto ON (Nov 28, 2007)
University of California: San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Nov 16, 2007)
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA (Nov 15, 2007)
University of California: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA (Nov 14, 2007)
University of California: Irvine, Irvine, CA (Nov 13, 2007)
Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN (Nov 12, 2007)
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH (Nov 9, 2007)
University of Michigan: Flint, Flint, MI (Nov 8, 2007)
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN (Nov 7, 2007)
Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY (Nov 2, 2007)
State University of New York: Albany, Albany, NY (Nov 1, 2007)
Bryant University, Smithfield, RI (Oct 3, 2007)
Go Abroad Fair (Toronto and Vancouver) Key Note speaker, Toronto, Ontario (Sep 15-16, 2007), Vancouver, BC (Sep 17-18, 2007)
Past Seminars Fall 2006 - Winter 2007
NACE National Meeting (National Association of Colleges and Employers), New York, NY (Jun 1, 2007)
NAFSA Annual Conference (Association of International Educators), Minneapolis MN (May 28-31, 2007)
International Career Fair (San Francisco), Key Note speaker, San Francisco, CA (April 28-29, 2007)
Niagara University, Niagara NY (Mar 28, 2007)
OXFAM-Québec, Full day seminar for NetCorps interns, Montreal (Mar 23, 2007)
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), Spousal Employment Office, Ottawa ON (Mar 19-20, 2007)
University of Toronto (Scarborough campus), Toronto ON (Feb 28, 2007)
Trinity University, San Antonio TX (Feb 15, 2007)
University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio TX (Feb 13, 2007)
Université Laval, Québec City QC (Feb 9, 2007)
University of Carlton, Sprott School of Business, Ottawa ON (Feb 7-8, 2007)
Grant MacEwan College, Edmonton AB (Feb 1, 2007)
University of Toronto, Commerce Program (Downtown Campus), Toronto ON (Jan 17, 2007)
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester (Boston) MA (Nov 17, 2006)
Bentley College, Waltham (Boston) MA (Nov 15-16, 2006)
Babson College, Babson Park (Boston) MA (Nov 15-16, 2006)
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Nov 14, 2006)
University of New Brunswick, Saint John NB (Nov 13, 2006)
University of Price Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI (Nov 9, 2006)
Mount Allison University, Sackville NB (Nov 8, 2006)
Université de Moncton, Moncton NB (Nov 8, 2006)
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s NF (Nov 7, 2006)
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia (Sep 25, 2006)
Go Abroad Fair Key Note Speaker, Toronto Ontario (Sept 15-16, 2006)
American InterContinental University (AIU London), London UK (Jun 27, 2006)
Go Abroad Fair Key Note Speaker, Toronto, Ontario (Oct 14-15, 2005)
Go Global! Fair Designated Career Advisor, Washington, DC (Oct 25, 2005), Philadelphia , PA (Oct 26, 2005), New York, NY (Oct 28-29, 2005), Boston, MA (Oct 30, 2005)
Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario (Nov 10, 2005)
HEC Montreal, Montreal Quebec (Nov 16, 2005)
École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal Quebec (Nov 17, 2005)
Humber College , International Project Management, Toronto Ontario (Nov 25, 2005)
Institut National des Télécommunications, Evry (Paris) France ( Jan 11-12-13, 2006)
University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta (Feb 2, 2006)
University of Winnipeg, Menno Simon’s College, Winnipeg Manitoba (Feb 2, 2006)
Manitoba Council for International Cooperation, International Development Week Winnipeg Manitoba (Feb 6, 2006)
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba (Feb 7, 2006)
Fanshawe College, London Ontario (Feb 14, 2006)
The National Job Fair & Training Expo Toronto Metro Convention Centre, Toronto Ontario (April 19th and 20th 2006).
NAFSA National Conference, Montreal Quebec (May 23-26, 2006)
Aga Khan Foundation Canada (AKFC) Full day seminar for 24 interns; Fellowship in International Microfinance and Microenterprise, Ottawa Ontario Canada (May 27, 2006) and Full day seminar for 15 interns; The IDRC Internship awards program, Ottawa Ontario Canada (May 29, 2006)
Go Abroad Fair, Toronto Convention Center (Oct 1 & 2 2004)
HEC Montreal, Montreal Quebec (Nov 10 2004)
École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal Quebec (Nov 11 2004)
Carleton University, Ottawa Ontario (Jan 20, 2005)
Withinsight National Youth Leadership Conference, (sponsored by Queens University), Ottawa Ontario (Jan 22, 2005)
University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta (Feb 1, 2005)
Grant MacEwan College, Edmonton Alberta (Feb 2, 2005)
Fanshawe College, London Ontario (Feb 8, 2005)
McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario (Feb 14, 2005)
McGill University, Montreal Quebec (Feb. 16, 2005)
Concordia University, Montreal Quebec (Feb. 17, 2005)
University of Victoria, Victoria B.C. (March 7, 2005)
Simon Fraser University, Vancouver B.C. (March 8, 2005)
University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge Alberta (March 9, 2005)
Red Deer College, Red Deer Alberta (March 10, 2005)
University of Windsor, Windsor Ontario (March 16 2005)
Tools For Students
Free Tools & Advice
In A Rush? Read First
International Quizzes
Quick Guides (English)
Quick Guides (French)
Quick Guides (Spanish)
Self-Evaluations
Stories From Abroad
Work Abroad: Basics
Work Abroad: Advanced
Working Vacations
Build International Skills
International Skills
Getting Experience
The Professions
Travel Smarts
Free Training Materials
Webinars (not yet a client)
Webinars (current clients)
Hachey Seminar Details
Alumni Access
MyWorldAbroad.com (formerly The BIG Guide to Living and Working Overseas) © Intercultural Systems / Systèmes interculturels (ISSI) Inc. All rights reserved.
Display our marketing products at your school
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Toyo Tires Continues as the Official Tire of the National Auto Sport Association for 2018
NASA is pleased to announce that Toyo Tires® will continue as the Official Tire of The National Auto Sport Association in 2018. This represents the 16th year that NASA and Toyo Tires have been committed to expanding the sport of amateur road racing throughout the US. As part of that long-standing partnership program, NASA is excited to announce the official 2018 Toyo Tires Contingency Support Program.
A few seasons ago, we were privileged to announce a newly revamped spec tire program that dramatically increased awards for competitors. New for 2018, Toyo Tires has done it again with their open tire class contingency offerings. Racing, Enduro and Time Trials are again included in the industry-leading program and your chance at winning “Toyo Bucks” for the 2018 race season has never been better.
American Iron, Spec Iron, Spec Z, and CMC classes will be eligible for over $5,000 in awards per weekend. Participants in the NASA Prototype NP01, Spec E46 and Factory Five classes will be eligible for up to $4,000 per weekend while the classes of Spec Miata, Spec E30, Honda Challenge, and 944 Spec will be eligible for up to $2,000 in awards per weekend. The open tire portion of the Toyo Tires contingency program has also been revamped, offering competitors the chance to grab up to $1,800 in Toyo bucks per weekend.
“Giving back to the racing community and offering best-in-class products is part of our long-standing tradition at Toyo Tires,” said Marc Sanzenbacher, senior manager of motorsports, Toyo Tire U.S.A. Corp. “We want NASA competitors to know that we stand with them as they go for the win and hope this bigger contingency program provides the additional support they might need to go for that championship.”
“We always strive to secure the best programs in the industry for NASA competitors and having Toyo Tires with their commitment to the amateur racing community makes it much easier,” said Jeremy Croiset, Vice President, NASA. “This new 2018 program rewards competitors with large contingency awards while providing tremendous support throughout the race season. This, plus the newly announced Toyo Tires Classic to take place during the NASA Championships, makes it an outstanding year to be a Toyo driver! We couldn’t be more thrilled to continue this relationship with Toyo Tires as the Official Tire of NASA.”
As announced earlier, Toyo Tires will offer the most lucrative NASA Championships prize package to date with nearly $275,000 in cash awards and almost $50,000 in product support to competitors during the NASA Championships at Circuit of The Americas in Austin, TX in October. Toyo Tires is also offering the largest single payout in the history of amateur road racing during the inaugural Toyo Tires Classic. This unique race will award the overall winner with a cash payout of up to $80,000 and over $130,000 in total cash awards to the Spec Miata competitors during this historic event. All told, Toyo Tires is making well over $1,000,000 in awards available to NASA competitors during the 2018 racing season!
These programs are available beginning immediately for NASA competitors. For complete details on the Toyo Tires Contingency Program please visit prizes.drivenasa.com. For information about Toyo® Proxes® competition tires, go to toyotires.com/tires/competition-tires.
The National Auto Sport Association was formed in 1991 with the premise of delivering high-quality motorsports events to enthusiasts at major racing venues throughout the United States. NASA has created programs that allow owners of racecars and high-performance street-driven vehicles to enjoy the full performance capabilities of their cars in a controlled professionally managed environment. NASA offers many different programs that will allow you to enjoy motorsports on a number of different levels, including our High-Performance Driving Events (HPDE), Rally Sport, Time Trial, NASA-X and Competition Racing programs.
Media Contact: Brett Becker, Speed News Editor
805-850-8310, Brett@drivenasa.com
About Toyo Tires®
Established in 1966, Toyo Tire U.S.A. Corp. represents the innovation, quality, performance, and excellent service that Toyo Tires has delivered worldwide for 70 years. The company offers a full line of premium tires for nearly every vehicle including light trucks, SUVs, crossovers, sports cars, luxury cars and hybrids as well as commercial trucks. Many of the tires are built in the United States at their state-of-the-art factory in White, Georgia. To find the right tire for your vehicle as well as an authorized dealer, visit www.toyotires.com. Join the Toyo Tires community on: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube.
Media Contact: Jay Jones, TMC
949-851-6313, jay.jones@tmcauto.com
Toyo Media Site: http://media.toyotires.com/
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Private Concerts
National Sawdust is a fully equipped music venue designed to provide the highest quality visual and auditory experience, making it the perfect space to host a private concert. We provide all staging, lighting, and sound support as well as a basic music backline for each unique event. The layout of our space allows for theater–style seating, cabaret–style seating, or an open floor plan.
Step inside a private concert:
Sony Lost In Music Series ft. Tinashe
In February 2018, we hosted the latest installment of Sony #LostInMusic: Sessions video series, featuring a special performance by artist Tinashe. Our flexible main hall was utilized to create an unmatched visual and auditory experience, unforgettable for our guests and Facebook live streamers alike.
October 30, 2018/by Zan Emerson
Yo La Tengo private showcase for Pitchfork
In February 2018, we hosted a private event with the band Yo La Tengo for an intimate Pitchfork video showcase, debuting songs from their upcoming album There’s a Riot Going On. The event received a write-up in the New Yorker, describing National Sawdust as an “intimate, otherworldly space” with “white-panelled walls with jaggedly geometric black laces, ceiling and floor repeating the pattern, the mood of a kind of avant-garde hive.”
5 Seconds of Summer x Tumblr IRL
In June 2018, Tumblr IRL partnered up with Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer and visual artist Signe Pierce to create an immersive one time only visual experience for 300 guests, complete with projections, an elaborate light design from our in-house team, and a holographic photo booth.
Agnes Obel Private Parties and Weddings
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Cameroon Military Blocks Hospital Access After Shooting Four To Death In Mbingo.
April 1, 2019 Africa, Breaking News, News Leave a comment
By Aaron Kaah – Monday April 1, 2019.
Picture of the Mbingo Baptist Hospital taken by World Medical Mission, June 2015.
Elements of the Cameroon military have blocked access to health care and First Aid after four unarmed civilians were shot to death and many others wounded at Mbiago, usually called Mbingo II, a quarter less than a kilometer away from the Mbingo Baptist Hospital in Fundong Sub-Division, Boyo Division, in Cameroon’s restive North West Region.
Eyewitnesses say although the four died on spot and many others who sustained huge injuries remain in critical conditions, the military made sure access to any emergency treatment was blocked in case any of them had a chance of surviving, adding that it was practically impossible to take any of the injured to the hospital that was visibly surrounded by soldiers ready to shoot at any approaching civilian.
An on-the-spot stringer says the attacks at Mbiago started at about 2 AM, Monday April 1, 2019, adding that of the four already killed, two are men and two extremely vulnerable women. The number of deaths is expected to rise giving that hospital activities have been paralyzed by heavy military presence, adds the source.
The military is said to be targeting Pro-Independence fighters for execution. They attacked hospitals on grounds wounded Amba Boys are treated there but in the process intentionally kill health care providers and block treatment from innocent children and women including pregnant women and newbies, a source said.
The military has remained consistent in its attacks on hospitals or in blocking access to hospital from war victims. Just on Sunday March, 31, the military torched parts of the Muyuka District Hospital, a restive area in the country’s South West.
According to a source, the entire health facility of the Afap Intergrated Health Center in Manyu Division in the country’s South West, especially; the Labour Room, Maternity, Pre-natal Clinic, Minor Dressing Room, Pharmacy, offices were brutally attacked and ramshackle by elements of the Cameroon Military, Friday March 21, 2019.
The Finkwi Health Centre of the Cameroon Baptist Convention in Finkwi, a quarter in Babungo village under Babessi Sub-division in Ngoketunjia Division of the North West Region was on Monday, February 18, 2019, attacked by the military.
At about 1 AM Monday, February 11, 2019, according to sources, a group of soldiers stormed the Kumba District Hospital in Cameroon’s South West and torched most structures within the Hospital. The Theatre, Female Surgical, Nurses’ Quarters and other areas within the Hospital were burnt down. Four persons were also burnt alive including vehicles.
A Baptist Health Center in Bangolan, a restive town still in Ngoketunjia was also attacked. According to eyewitnesses, soldiers stormed the hospital at about 10 PM, Wednesday, February 13, 2019, fired several shots, destroying some valuables, causing great trauma to patients and health care personnel.
The soldiers are said to have shot indiscriminately at the Hospital, destroying the walls, windows and other valuables including a computer that processes and stores medical data. Hospitals in Konye in Meme, Kendem in Manyu all divisions in the South West among many others have also been attacked.
An armed conflict is ongoing in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon in which majority of its residents want a new state called Ambazonia. Armed groups have emerged, battling regular Cameroon military. Angered by this, the military has been pouring its frustration on the local population, killing many unarmed civilians, torching whole villages and attacking hospitals and churches.
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Next Cameroon Authorities Raise Concerns Over Second Administrative Unit Lost To Ambazonia.
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My Haunted Library
All things spooky. Your source for paranormal and supernatural book and movie reviews, strangeography, Halloween crafts and a little cozy fall baking.
Review: The Legend of Sheba: Rise of a Queen
May 19, 2019 by Jennifer Leave a comment
The Legend of Sheba: Rise of a Queen – Tosca Lee, 2014. 4/5
Sparks fly in this passionate match of wits between the beautiful, intelligent Queen of Sheba and the wise and wealthy King Solomon.
The queen is a woman of many name: she begins life as Bilqis, the Daughter of the Moon, heir to her father’s kingdom. She becomes Makeda, Woman of Fire in her teen years, happily removed from court intrigue. She becomes Saba, High Priestess of the Moon and unifier of tribes when she regains her rightful throne. To the Israelites, she becomes the exotic seductress Sheba, queen of the spice lands.
After the tragic death of her lover, Maqar, in the battle to regain Saba, Sheba throws herself into building trade, making pacts of federation, and learning everything about her kingdom, becoming a thoughtful and intelligent ruler. Over the course of several years, Sheba and the distant Israeli king, Solomon, exchange written communication filled with taunts and tantalizing innuendo. One day, however, the trader Tamrin brings news that Solomon is building a merchant navy, and suddenly holds the future of the spice route in his hands. Sheba is alarmed for the future of Saba and makes the dangerous journey to meet Solomon herself. Their chemistry is instant and electric. Sheba uses all her wit and wiles to win a treaty, but comes to love the poetic King who, like her, just wants to be known.
Sheba tells her story in the first person, and the result is a lush, intimate depiction of her life and legendary romance. Rich sensory detail brings the desert palaces vibrantly alive, gleaming in gold and alabaster and purple, tasting of wine. Solomon and Sheba’s courtship is a razor edge dance of repartee and desire as the rulers juggle conflicts with their gods and ambitions, as well as the growing unrest of the Israeli people and their disapproval of Sheba the whore. Lee is a master storyteller, exquisitely building suspense up to a satisfying, if bittersweet denouement. In an informative Afterword and Author’s Note, Lee explains more of Sheba’s historical background, including the fact that she appears in three historic texts: the Bible, the Quran, and the Kebra Nagast, the story of the Solomonic kings of Ethiopia.
Historical fiction and romance fans, rejoice! The Legend of Sheba: Rise of a Queen is a treat.
Categories: Book Review, Historical Fiction, Romance | Tags: Bilqis, King Solomon, Queen of Sheba, Spice Trade | Permalink.
Author: Jennifer
I have a long history in libraries! I put myself through school working in public libraries in Boulder and Austin. I got my second Master's to become a "real" librarian and worked in public, private and most recently school libraries in Carson City, Boulder and Denver. I have a passion for books and writing, and clearly, the paranormal. I love to read, bake, bike, kickbox, watch scary movies, play video games, and play with my dogs!
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Film Review – Unsane (2018)
by Nick Kush · Published March 25, 2018 · Updated March 25, 2018
Steven Soderbergh appears to have put his self-imposed retirement in the rearview mirror with the creation of his production studio Fingerprint Releasing, distributing his second film into theaters in a mere eight-month span. His latest feature, Unsane, proves that he hasn’t lost his creative touch. The following review will be spoiler free.
Written By: Jonathan Bernstein and James Greer
Starring: Claire Foy, Joshua Leonard, Juno Temple, Jay Pharoah, and Amy Irving
Haunted by her stalker that caused her to uproot and move to a new location, Sawyer (Foy) heads over to a local medical facility for counseling, thinking that sharing her inner thoughts will provide a cathartic experience.
Unfortunately, Sawyer unknowingly signs herself into voluntary commitment at the facility, forcing her to stay until the staff believes she is no longer a threat to herself and society.
Hopped-up on various medications, Sawyer starts to see her stalker in the facility. However, when the staff refuses to acknowledge her claims, Sawyer can’t figure out whether she’s in danger or if it’s all in her head.
Unsane has a neat aura of mystery surrounding it. From its pulpy premise to its unorthodox appearance, Steven Soderbergh is making it clear that he’s going to direct and produce films that he wants to make — and no studio executive is going to tell him otherwise.
It was reported by various outlets back in the summer of 2017 that Soderbergh had secretly shot a film with the help of Claire Foy and Juno Temple. When that secret film later became Unsane, everyone was buzzing about it for one distinct reason: Soderbergh shot the film completely with iPhones. More specifically, he used iPhone 7 Pluses and the FiLMiC Pro app to edit everything together. There you have it, aspiring filmmakers — just go to the app store and delete some of your unfortunate pictures from last night and you can make a movie just like the guy that made Ocean’s Eleven.
It’s quite amazing what technology can do these days. Sean Baker was one of the first to adopt Apple products into filmmaking with his indie-hit Tangerine back in 2015, and updates (as well as Apple slowing down your phone to force said update) have made it even easier for filmmakers to bring their vision to life. And with Unsane carrying a budget of only $1.5 million, more filmmakers and studios will adopt this style down the road. Who knows, maybe at some point we won’t be able to tell the difference between iPhones and 70mm film.
image via The Verge
Claire Foy is Magnetic in the Lead Role
Soderbergh puts Foy in a great situation to succeed, placing enough burden on her shoulders as a girl that’s trying to put the pieces of her life back together after moving to a new city.
Often times Foy works as the audience stand-in, causing the audience to feel frustrated as well when she just can’t seem to get out her own way as the weight of the situation (not to mention a copious amount of drugs) keeps knocking her down. By the end of Unsane, you feel like you went to war with Claire Foy with all the punishment and hardship she endures. She doesn’t always remain the most likable individual, but she changes her outward expression to fit the situation.
She often gets violent with other patients, forcing the nurses to strap her down to the nearest bed. Some have noted that this erratic behavior doesn’t exactly help her fix her predicament, but the mounting pressure of the situation warrants emotional outbursts — and Foy definitely gets in a few good punches of her own.
For a high-end B-movie such as Unsane, you need your protagonist to act a tad aggressive and unhinged but still be in the right. All of her actions are defensible, making this trashy affair a treat for those looking for some low-budget thrills.
image via IndieWire
The iPhone Treatment Works for Unsane on a Thematic Level
Soderbergh has been quoted saying that the future of filmmaking is in iPhones and similar technology. It’ll be awhile before that statement is ever confirmed or debunked, but the iPhone adds some bizarre touches to this movie that work to its benefit.
The iPhone adds an element of grain and grit to the picture onscreen. There’s definitely an element of color correction that just doesn’t translate over to this new-age camera, and everything feels dirtier as a result. Colors don’t pop as the usually do; everything defaults to shades of yellow, brown, and gray. The camera movements are sometimes awkward, moving without the same fluidity of the industry standard. The frame even warps features depending on how Soderbergh propped up the iPhone for that scene. Everything about Unsane is just off. And for a psychological thriller, the appearance of discomfort sends shivers down your spine after a while.
Unsane eats away at your comfort levels as it becomes more seedy and vicious into its third act. Gross direction and delightfully twisted performances create an atmosphere that is always interesting — even when the film falters.
Unsane Feels Like Two Different Movies Stitched Together
Unsane starts as an exploration of the fragile mind. More specifically, it wants you to question whether or not Claire Foy’s character is actually insane or not. The first half of the film stays true to this altered perception, creating a wave of mystery that’s quite alluring and mystifying. Then, Unsane inexplicably changes course, showing its cards prematurely.
Unsane doesn’t go off the rails from this point, but it fails to fully capitalize on its own idea. Instead, the film becomes a somewhat standard thriller in its third act, doing more for your desire for visceral thrills rather than create more mental stimulation. Soderbergh never digs hard enough into the insanity portion of the film, making Foy’s intentions somewhat obvious from the beginning. In that sense, Unsane isn’t as quite as thrilling or as memorable as you want it to become, ending with a somewhat generic whimper. It’s a pity since it’s so obvious that Soderbergh approached the material with such a distinct visual representation.
image via The New York Times
Unsane is cringeworthy in all the right ways, digging deep into its own unsettling material for a movie that continues to up the ante until the final frame. While Soderbergh adds some serious dirt to this grimy story by the flashy use of iPhones as cameras, Claire Foy is the clear star of the film, becoming both strong and vulnerable at the exact same time.
This thriller does get bumpy to a somewhat alarming degree, but a distinctive twist on the stalker subgenre makes Unsane a bloody good time.
image via Variety
Thanks for reading! What are your thoughts on Unsane? Comment down below!
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Tags: BlogClaire FoyFilmFilmmakingiPhoneMovie ReviewsMoviesNewsOpinionReviewsThrillerUnsaneWordpress
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Stephen Finlay says:
Sean Baker’s Tangerine was also great. It’s so good to see that Unsane carries on the same film making methods with the iPhone. FiLMiC Pro needs more exposure to motivate young filmmakers. Definitely going to give this one a watch.
Maybe we should go out and make a movie ourselves 😂
This was on my list of most anticipated films of the year, so I can’t wait to see it! Glad to hear a positive review of it!
It’s definitely a very solid time!
Now I look forward to seeing this. I had no idea it was shot with an iPhone. How interesting.
It’s definitely different! A fun little twist on the genre if you ask me
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Film Score Reviews by Jonathan Broxton since 1997
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Home > Reviews > THE GRUDGE – Christopher Young
THE GRUDGE – Christopher Young
October 22, 2004 Leave a comment Go to comments
Original Review by Jonathan Broxton
The story of The Grudge has a long history. Originally conceived as a TV movie in Japan in 2000 by writer/director Takeshi Shimizu, he adapted his own work for the big screen in Ju-On in 2003. Having been earmarked for the American re-make treatment by producers Sam Raimi and Bob Tapert, Shimizu was once again approached to give life to his subject, thereby putting him in the unique position of being the director of the remake of the remake of his own original film! Essentially a haunted house story, The Grudge tells the tale of Karen (Sarah Michelle Gellar), an American nurse in Japan who, after visiting a seemingly catatonic patient in a everyday suburban neighborhood, finds herself experiencing terrible visions: a pallid, fish-eyed little boy named Toshio, who is virtually silent except when he meows like a cat, is hiding in a cupboard upstairs – and worse still, a ghastly, shadowy specter is hovering over the prone body of the old woman. Despite Karen fleeing the house, she – and everyone else who it comes into contact with – find themselves being haunted by these unearthly presences. Could it be that the house itself is causing these manifestations? And, if so, does it have anything to do with the murder of a mother and son at the hands of their husband/father there years previously?
Christopher Young, despite having been typecast as a “horror composer”, has not actually tackled a film in the genre since Bless the Child back in 2000. Early in his career, his name was synonymous with cinematic shockers such as The Fly II and the Hellraiser series, but recently – whether consciously or otherwise – he has been steering clear of anything with horrific overtones. However, there is something about his style of writing that somehow keeps bringing him back into the fold. The Grudge illustrates that perfectly.
The delicate and eerie stylistics of Young’s writing always works wonders when it accompanies scary movies. His score for The Grudge revisits the style he adopted in scores such as Invaders from Mars and The Vagrant, in which he mixes soft, almost lullabyish string writing and music-box melodies with a great deal of orchestral expressionism and dissonance. Throughout his career, Young has embraced the musique concrete school of thought, using orchestral (and other) forces to create sounds and ambiences which suggest alien – and terrifying – subjects, and The Grudge is no exception.
Structured into eight un-named cues which flow to create what is in effect a single 40-minute piece, The Grudge veers from being thoughtful and introspective to embracing all-out orchestral warfare. Metallic percussion rattles in the orchestra’s nether regions. Strings shriek and skitter across the orchestra like a hive of angry insects. Synthesized sound effects add a layer of chilling horror over the whole thing. The carnage is counterbalanced by gently tinkling chimes, tolling bells, a soothing bed of violins, or general respite where the orchestra simply tacits for a few bars and allows the listener to get their breath back. The cumulative effect is one of continuous unease –shocking, undeniably effective, and occasionally brilliant.
The reason The Grudge sounds the way it sounds may be as much to do with the director, Takeshi Shimizu, as it does with Young’s own musical sensibility. Having now experienced a number of Japanese and other Asian horror movies in a cinematic setting, the conventional style of scoring them is to blur the lines between music and sound effects. Composers such as Kenji Kawai (who scored the original Japanese version of The Ring) and Shiro Sato (who scored the original Grudge) use synthesizers alongside a conventional symphony orchestra to create a wide range of creaks, scrapes, groans and stings to accentuate the on-screen terror. Young, cleverly, has taken this way of thinking and twisted it to fit his slightly more conventional Hollywood attitude. The end result, while not exactly enjoyable in a traditional sense, contains more creativity than one would otherwise give him credit for.
I can see where the music for The Grudge would have limited appeal. It’s not a big, demonstrative score in any way, and there is very little in the way of conventional melody or beauty. It’s also not especially pleasant to listen to – but that’s not really the point. The craftsmanship and intelligent way he uses his orchestra to create these kinds of unnerving sounds is more than enough to keep the more daring film music fan happy.
Ju-On 1 (5:21)
Ju-On 7 (12:36)
Running Time: 42 minutes 11 seconds
Varese Sarabande VSD-6623 (2004)
Music composed by Christopher Young. Conducted by Pete Anthony. Recorded and mixed by Robert Fernandez. Edited by Tom Milano. Mastered by Patricia Sullivan-Fourstar. Album produced by Christopher Young and Flavio Motalla.
Categories: Reviews Tags: Christopher Young, Film Score, Reviews, The Grudge
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Category: Eisenhower
We are the most powerful nation in the world. There is no excuse, only corruption.
Posted on July 27, 2009 Categories Alberto Gonzales, Albritton Communications, Ari Fleisher, Baker Botts, Barack Obama, Beck, Brewster Jennings, Brit Hume, Broadcatching, Broder, Carlyle Group, Childhood Literacy, CIA, D.C., David Frum, David Gregory, David Ignatius, Dick Cheney, Eisenhower, Executive Power, George Stephanapoulos, George W. Bush, Halliburton, Health Care, Housing, Hunger, Infant Mortality, Iran, Iraq, John Harris, Justice Department, K Street, Karl Rove, KBR, Kellogg Brown Root, Krauthammer, Kristol, Limbaugh, Lobbyists, Meet The Press, Michael Gerson, Michael Wolff, Military Industrial Complex, Neocons, New York Times, O'Reilly, Pentagon, Politico, Ronald Reagan, Scooter Libby, Think-Tanks, Tim Russert, Torture, Valerie Plame, Vanity Fair, Washington Post, Will, WiretappingTags Baker Botts, Barack Obama, Carlyle Group, Childhood Literacy, Dick Cheney, Eisenhower, George W. Bush, Halliburton, Health Care, Housing, Hunger, Infant Mortality, Iraq, K Street, KBR, Kellogg Brown Root, Lobbyists, Military Industrial Complex, PentagonLeave a comment on We are the most powerful nation in the world. There is no excuse, only corruption.
On a Plane Ride Home From Paris Sitting Next to a Douchebag With an Ed Hardy Shirt Reading Glenn Beck's Book
by John Tully
Whether it was Michael Wolff’s “piece” in Vanity Fair on Politico or the Paris tap water that produced the explosive diarrhea on a hot sweaty July night in the City of Lights, we’ll never know…
Time moves both slow and fast in these Dog Days of Summer and the memory hole of the past eight bloody years is fading and digging deeper.
I take you back to the city of D.C.
A few years ago…
A quaint city, soon to written about like Rome, gilded on their own lily and pathetic to boot.
Sucked in to television, watching the camera moves, editing, and heavy music to a story about a mom and a dad and a wife who lose their little/big man to a fiery explosion in Iraq. The soldier leaves a “just in case” final video for his bride, tells her of his deep love, and urges her to go on with life: “get married, have kids” It’s a noble gesture from a brave young man and the camera cuts to the weeping widow watching the tape.
The evening news comes on and the 80 year-old man who marched against Iraq in a February freeze watches a report on two dead Marines and 17 Iraqi dead civilians . Remember seeing that look on the face of the Marines’ mother or the site of yet another widow with two babies that finally punches the gut.
At this point in the war, President Bush hadn’t been to one funeral service for them.
Remember banned television cameras at the arrival of the bodies from Germany, at the base in Delaware .
The cowering, obedient press corpse giving the President a free pass after 9/11 and the Administration using it to make the United States less safe, less secure, and spoil environmental and geopolitical progress for years to come.
Remembering Television and Freedom Fries and Terror Alerts here in Paris 6 years later, the mind once again boggles and crunches the serious, sad, mistaken war of choice that ignored all plans and warnings of consequences.
Powered by arrogance and breathtaking hubris and television’s Meet The Press and This Week With Will for the latest talking points of the day.
MR. RUSSERT: All right, this way: Should the blogs, talk radio, cable TV—should people lower their voices, and, and, and control their rhetoric?
Remember that very same week when the Vice-President poked a fat finger in the eye of Russia while the Bush Administration reflexively rejected the first written communication from Iran in seventeen years. Neither Vice President Cheney’s speech or the letter was ever mentioned on either program.
Mr. Bush and Mr. Cheney had blown the cover of longtime C.I.A. agent Valerie Plame who it turns out was working on nuclear proliferation. Her contacts through front company Brewster Jennings were actively working the underground nukes world. That intel might have been helpful that very same week in dealing with Iran.
Instead, the latest Cool-Kids Media Club Memes emerged: “Anger on the Blogs”
That’s right. Three different allusions to blogs and anger on both Meet The Press and This Week complete with an obligatory question from Tim Russert to new/old ham Newt Gingrich.
Schmuck David Brooks, perpetual mealy-mouthed defender of the Bush administration throwing out his shoulder shrugging off the incident at Haditha in front of two shocked Marines: Mark Shields and Jim Lehrer.
Remember when columnist Tony Blankley said the war protests were organized by the communist party and the Press corps labeled Al Gore as Crazy for his pre-war criticism about invading Iraq.
How about when war hero Max Cleland was derisively compared to both Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein in a television advertisement by his republican opponent, Saxby Chambliss during their Senate race? Mr. Cleland lost his legs and an arm during Vietnam but the republican claimed the democrat was soft on National Security. Mr. Chambliss sat out the war with a bad knee.
Go back in time and recall when Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz had no idea how many Americans had been killed in Iraq and called the idea of two hundred thousand troops needed in Iraq as “wildly off the mark”
It’s apparent that there Was Not a massive intelligence failure and the administration indeed was warned about the vagueness of the information about Iraq.
Remember that classic “Everybody thought-even-France and Germany” song about W.M.D.’s.
The Memory-Hole pieces together the events of the past six years but can never illuminate fully how one of the most brilliant countries in history could now be cowardly defending war atrocities and blaming, as Mr. Blankley said that very same week about the incident at Haditha: “Over reporting by a gleeful media is more damaging than any single fact”
Come to think of it-maybe that gleeful, fluffy, Politico piece that completely failed to mention the publication’s Reagan connection was responsible for that gut bomb the other night.
Either way, I’m still sick as a dog.
Posted on July 26, 2009 Categories Alberto Gonzales, Albritton Communications, Ari Fleisher, Baker Botts, Barack Obama, Beck, Brewster Jennings, Brit Hume, Broadcatching, Broder, Carlyle Group, Childhood Literacy, CIA, D.C., David Brooks, David Frum, David Gregory, David Ignatius, Dick Cheney, Duct Tape, Eisenhower, Executive Power, George Stephanapoulos, George Stephanopoulos, George W. Bush, George Will, Haditha, Halliburton, Health Care, Housing, Hunger, Infant Mortality, Iran, IraqTags David Brooks, Duct Tape, George Stephanopoulos, George Will, Haditha, Homeland Scurity, Iraq, Jim Lehrer, Marines, Mark Shields, Max Cleland, Meet The Press, Paul Wolfowitz, Saxby Chambliss, Terror Alerts, Tim Russert, Tony BlankleyLeave a comment on On a Plane Ride Home From Paris Sitting Next to a Douchebag With an Ed Hardy Shirt Reading Glenn Beck's Book
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In the Face of Terrorism, We Will Not Be terrorized
By Richard Brookhiser • 07/18/05 12:00am
Will 7/7 make Britain back off from the war on terror? The nation of Churchill, Waterloo, the Light Brigade, teddy boys, soccer hooligans and the Gordon Riots? The Brits are tough sons of bitches. Not likely.
Will 7/7 help those who saw through a glass darkly now see face to face? Even less likely. George Galloway, left-wing British scourge of Senators, said the London bombings were a predictable consequence of Britain’s war against his friend, Saddam Hussein. It is true, the London bombings happened after the war in Iraq began. So did last year’s Madrid train bombings. But the Bali disco bombing happened before the war in Iraq. So did 9/11. Our very being-powerful, wealthy, democratic, unveiled, Christian, Jewish, secular-is an affront to jihadists and Islamofascists. The only way we cannot provoke them is to not exist.
The more intelligently perplexed say the war in Iraq is a distraction from the terror war: If our whole Army was going house to house in northwest Pakistan looking for Osama, there would be no terrorism. Would that it were that simple.
Like any major war, the terror war has many facets. At least five confront us now, in the London dawn, besides the ongoing hunt for Mr. bin Laden.
We have to fight a defensive war. Despite many follies and failures, the airplane gambit has not worked again. Mass transit and public spaces are another question. The terrorists get less bang for the martyr, but their opportunities are greater. It is impossible to close off the opportunities entirely without shutting down the public square. The small-scale approach-the equivalent to broken-windows policing-is probably the heightened vigilance of everybody. Why are you taking a cell-phone picture of the L train, young man? Wouldn’t the Empire State Building be more touristic? We can learn from Israel, and Britain, who have their own experience with terror bombings. One thing they will teach us is that no amount of experience is perfect.
Another facet of the terror war concerns Muslims, at home and abroad, who must confront the hijacking of their religion. After the London bombings, Muslims in Leeds, England, expressed their “deepest anger and sympathy at the terrible atrocities” in a letter to Tony Blair. This March, on the first anniversary of the Madrid bombers, the largest Muslim clerical group in Spain issued a fatwa against Osama bin Laden. It’s been a long time coming. What we have gotten from Muslim leaders instead is whining and doubletalk (“3,000 Americans died on 9/11, but airport security looked at me cross-eyed”). What we have gotten from the Muslim masses is silence. Some of this silence is the veil drawn by a protective media over the outright joy of too many Muslims at the mass murder of their neighbors. Non-Muslims are entitled to know where Muslims stand. If ordinary Muslims in the West do not see terror as a blight on their faith, that is bad news that we must then deal with.
A third facet of the war we are in is applied liberalism. Liberals say of themselves, and conservatives say of them, that they are preoccupied with root causes: the cramped structures of society that produce stunted citizens. Root causes confront us now. The postcolonial Middle East is a sink of feral regimes and decrepit cultures, which maintain an uneasy stability on a tripod of despotism, oppressed women breeding like rabbits, and a surplus of overtrained, uneducated men who worship witch doctors and dream of murder and paradise. Our best long-term hope is to let the air in-to tear down any country that is, or seems, threatening, and to pressure the rest. It won’t be easy or quick. Decades of flattery, oil dependence and U.N.-style politics have shored the Bizarro World of the Middle East up; it will take decades to turn it around. Toppling the Taliban and Saddam were good first essays in muscular diplomacy; Condi Rice’s speech at American University in Cairo, embracing freedom over stability, was a good first essay in the milder kind.
The fourth facet of the terror war, coming soon perhaps to a city near you, is Iran’s nuclear bomb. Before the London bombings, Iran held a presidential election whose surprise winner was Mahmoud Ahmadinezad. Mr. Ahmadinezad was one of the students who stormed the American embassy in 1979 and kidnapped our diplomats, and he wants Iran to go full speed ahead with its nuclear program now. In the shadow play of Iranian politics, he qualifies as a hardliner, though these are terms of art. Azar Nafisi defined Iranian reformers in Reading Lolita in Tehran, when she described an officially sanctioned concert held under the reformist thaw: four young men playing the music of the Gypsy Kings, though they were not allowed to sing, or to show feeling, and whenever the sold-out crowd clapped, a pair of suited heavies came from the wings and shushed the decadent display.
It doesn’t matter in any case what Mr. Ahmadinezad thinks, since the Iranian presidency is a pasteboard office, subservient to the clerical elite that holds all power. What is interesting is that the turbans should cast aside all pretence of niceness. They must feel that their bomb is far enough along, and that the restive Iranian public needs to feel a bit more whip. This may be a double miscalculation: At the moment when they most need to bind the United States in the cobwebs of other countries’ hesitations, they have given a signal that even Europeans can read; while the Iranian people, disgusted with years of false promises, may see the frank withdrawal of all promise as the last straw. Or perhaps the unexpected result-Mr. Ahmadinezad’s votes weren’t stolen and counted until the election’s second day-shows some confusion within the elite itself. Whatever it is, this is the big story, not London. Depending on what happens in Iran, the next 10-thumbed bomber may not tear off the roof of a bus instead of destroying a station on the underground, but radiate Bayonne rather than midtown.
The fifth, and most important, face of the terror war is personal. Every time the media starts focusing on shark attacks, the terrorists strike again. Terrorists are the new sharks. They will be a part of our lives for the rest of our lives. This doesn’t mean we should live in a constant whir of anxiety, or move to the woods. Terrorists are the second face in the mirror, but they are not everything, not even the most important thing. We will keep our customs and our institutions, we will eat black raspberries and whipped cream, we will take our losses, and we will patiently, pitilessly grind them down.
Filed Under: Home, Politics, The National Observer, Iran, United Kingdom, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
SEE ALSO: Park Avenue Ladies Long for ‘It’ Bag— What Does It All Mean?
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My happy place: where European locals immerse themselves in nature
From hiking and cycling in the mountains to sitting in a serene spot, 12 people tell us where they unwind and find peace ...
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Van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece has been restored - but other treasures await in this fine Belgian city
Ghent is set to catch the world's attention as it celebrates the genius of Jan van Eyck. Nigel Tisdall visited the ...
Avoid the crowds and high prices of Bali and Dubrovnik and try Bintan and Sibenik instead
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Stone Age steed or fiery dragon? Exploring the Vale of the White Horse
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Traveller flies to Mexico for the air miles - but ends up in jail at the hands of corrupt police
Lifestyle & Travel » dailymail » Traveller flies to Mexico for the air miles - but ends up in jail at the hands of corrupt police
A frequent flyer claims he ended up in a Mexican jail at the hands of corrupt police officers during a trip he took to reach a special loyalty status with an airline.
TV and internet producer Andrew Kimmel, from Los Angeles, tells of his extraordinarily rotten luck on his Twitter account – a tale so dramatic that some liken it to a real-life version of movie The Hangover.
The gripping thread begins with Kimmel explaining that he learned he was just a $275 spend short of achieving Executive Platinum status with American Airlines.
A frequent flyer claims he ended up in a jail at the hands of corrupt police officers during a trip he took to Cabo San Lucas, pictured, to reach a special loyalty status with an airline
He asked the carrier if he could just pay them the cash, rather than buy a plane ticket.
Yes, was the answer, but it would have to be $1,875.
Not willing to fork out the lump sum, Kimmel bought a $400 return ticket to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, for 24 hours instead.
But rather than enjoying a whirlwind visit full of sunshine and laughter, he alleges he quickly found himself at the mercy of conmen.
Mr Kimmel summed up his escapade with this January 1 tweet
He explains that he found a cheap hotel to stay in, rented a car – then ‘decided to hit some bars’.
He says: ‘At the last bar of the evening, I was presented with a bill for over $300.
‘I had two beers.
‘The bar manager said I needed to pay or he’d call the police. I give him my credit card and it was declined due to fraud protection.’
He continues: ‘The bar manager was now threatening me. He grabbed me and brought me to an ATM outside. I refused to take out cash. So he called the police.
‘Surely the Mexican police would understand the situation.’
Unfortunately, that wasn’t the case, because according to Mr Kimmel, the police officers were working with the manager of the bar on the alleged con.
Mr Kimmel has tweeted an allegation that he was the victim of a swindle perpetrated by a bar and police officers
He alleges he was handcuffed as the bar manager stole his debit card and passport.
Kimmel was then put in a jail ‘somewhere outside of Cabo’.
He was told he would be released after 30 minutes.
Several hours later, he was still locked up. It was a desperately grim situation.
But he had a guardian angel.
Kimmel explains that a ‘Kenyan woman’ arrived and paid his bail after hearing what happened to him.
‘It really will make the perfect rom-com movie. Netflix should start working on this'
A Kenyan woman who he then admitted he was attracted to.
In the end, he was able to return to Los Angeles after the ‘African crush’ lent him money for an immigration form that officials at Cabo San Lucas International Airport said he needed for a passport-less flight back to the U.S.
Mr Kimmel's yarn quickly went viral, with one Twitter user, Trinity Resists, saying it had ‘shades of The Hangover’ (pictured)
After a kiss goodbye, he boarded an LA-bound plane and landed on New Year's Day, relieved to be home.
The yarn quickly went viral, with one Twitter user, Trinity Resists, saying it had ‘shades of The Hangover’.
Another, Steven Cravis, says: ‘It really will make the perfect rom-com movie. Netflix should start working on this.’
American Airlines eventually got wind of the escapade and tweeted: ‘Reaching Executive Platinum status isn’t easy. For those who make it, the benefits are amazing. We’re happy you’ll make your goal.’
The benefits of Executive Platinum status include complimentary upgrades within the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Caribbean and upgrades for companions in certain instances.
Original Link...
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Alcoa Successfully Tracking Against Business Targets, Portfolio Transformation Advancing
Repositioning and roadmap to achieving 2016 business targets in focus at Alcoa 2014 Investor Day
Tuesday, November 4, 2014 4:05 pm EST
"Alcoa’s transformation is in high gear and driving sustainable shareholder value"
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Alcoa (NYSE:AA) executives today said that they continue to aggressively reposition the Company and that they are on track to successfully deliver against business targets introduced last year. Alcoa is transforming its portfolio by building out its innovative, multi-material value-add businesses to capture profitable growth and by creating a globally competitive commodity business. Alcoa hosted its 2014 Investor Day event at the New York Stock Exchange.
“Alcoa’s transformation is in high gear and driving sustainable shareholder value,” said Klaus Kleinfeld, Alcoa Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “With our strong portfolio of value-add businesses we are building a lightweight, multi-material innovation powerhouse, and at the same time we’re creating a globally competitive commodity business. This is a winning formula.”
Operationally, Alcoa continues to drive process improvements and procurement savings across the business. Productivity gains totaled $862 million through the third quarter and are expected to reach $1.1 billion for the full year, exceeding the $850 million 2014 annual target. Additionally, through continued operational discipline, Alcoa is on track to achieve its 2014 annual financial targets.
In addition, Alcoa’s four business segments, Engineered Products and Solutions, Global Rolled Products, and Alumina and Primary Metals together comprising Global Primary Products, updated their progress against business targets for the 2013 to 2016 time period, with the following highlights:
Engineered Products and Solutions
Innovation to drive continued profitable growth:
$125 million of organic aerospace investments to expand jet engine offerings; on track for completion by fourth quarter 2015
Opened world’s largest aluminum-lithium casthouse for advanced aircraft; $100 million in revenues already contracted for 2017
Wheels business targeting $300 million of incremental revenues between 2013 to 2016 achieved through share gains and innovation
Growing inorganically through $2.85 billion Firth Rixson acquisition; on path to close by year-end, regulatory approvals nearly complete; expected to contribute incremental $1.6 billion revenues and $350 million EBITDA in 2016
Majority of key end markets growing strong from 2015 to 2017, including aerospace which will drive 52 percent of 2014 revenues
Reaffirmed $1.2 billion in incremental revenue growth by 2016; $900 million coming from share gains through innovations
Adjusted EBITDA margin on track to exceed historical highs in 2016
Global Rolled Products
Investments in value-add growth projects, including $190 million for Davenport, IA aerospace manufacturing technology, $600 million for two North American automotive sheet expansions, and $40 million for aseptic foil in Brazil
Shifting to higher margin product mix, increasing aerospace and automotive revenue by 7 percentage points from 25 percent in 2014 to 32 percent in 2017
More than 75 percent of 2015 to 2016 revenue growth already committed with customer contracts
Reaffirmed $1.0 billion in incremental revenue growth by 2016; $900 million through share gains and innovations
On track to deliver adjusted EBITDA per metric ton at or above average historical highs in 2016
Global Primary Products
Continue reshaping upstream portfolio to create globally competitive commodity business, improve productivity and lower the cost base
Conversion to Alumina Pricing Index (API)/spot pricing continues to grow with 68 percent of third-party shipments on API/spot pricing estimated for 2014 and expected to increase to 84 percent in 2016
Stronger value-add sales enhancing profitability, value-add products increased from 57 percent in 2010 to 65 percent of total shipments in 2014, and expected to grow to 70 percent in 2016
Position on alumina cost curve improved to 25th percentile in 2014 from 27th percentile in 2013; reaffirmed goal to improve position to 21st percentile by 2016
Improved smelting cost per ton of production while maintaining 43rd position on global aluminum cost curve in 2014; goal to improve by 5 percentage points to 38th percentile in 2016 reaffirmed
On track to reduce 549,000 metric tons of high-cost smelting capacity this year
Aluminum demand continuing to grow, current run-rate surpassing expectations of demand doubling between 2010 and 2020
A replay of the Alcoa 2014 Investor Day webcast and archived slides are available on www.alcoa.com/investorday.
A global leader in lightweight metals technology, engineering and manufacturing, Alcoa innovates multi-material solutions that advance our world. Our technologies enhance transportation, from automotive and commercial transport to air and space travel, and improve industrial and consumer electronics products. We enable smart buildings, sustainable food and beverage packaging, high-performance defense vehicles across air, land and sea, deeper oil and gas drilling and more efficient power generation. We pioneered the aluminum industry over 125 years ago, and today, our 60,000 people in 30 countries deliver value-add products made of titanium, nickel and aluminum, and produce best-in-class bauxite, alumina and primary aluminum products. For more information, visit www.alcoa.com, follow @Alcoa on Twitter at www.twitter.com/Alcoa and follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/Alcoa.
This release contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include those containing such words as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “outlook,” “plans,” “projects,” “should,” “targets,” “will,” or other words of similar meaning. All statements that reflect Alcoa’s expectations, assumptions or projections about the future other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, forecasts concerning global demand growth for aluminum, end market conditions, supply/demand balances, and growth opportunities for aluminum in automotive, aerospace, and other applications; targeted financial results or operating performance; statements about Alcoa’s strategies, outlook, and business and financial prospects; and statements regarding Alcoa’s portfolio transformation and the proposed acquisition of the Firth Rixson business, including the expected benefits of the transaction and Firth Rixson’s expected sales growth and contribution to revenues and EBITDA. These statements reflect beliefs and assumptions that are based on Alcoa’s perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors management believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors and are not guarantees of future performance. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include: (a) material adverse changes in aluminum industry conditions, including global supply and demand conditions and fluctuations in London Metal Exchange-based prices and premiums, as applicable, for primary aluminum, alumina, and other products, and fluctuations in indexed-based and spot prices for alumina; (b) deterioration in global economic and financial market conditions generally; (c) unfavorable changes in the markets served by Alcoa, including aerospace, automotive, commercial transportation, building and construction, packaging, defense, and industrial gas turbine; (d) the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on costs and results; (e) increases in energy costs or the unavailability or interruption of energy supplies; (f) increases in the costs of other raw materials; (g) Alcoa’s inability to achieve the level of revenue growth, cash generation, cost savings, improvement in profitability and margins, fiscal discipline, or strengthening of competitiveness and operations (including moving its alumina refining and aluminum smelting businesses down on the industry cost curves and increasing revenues and improving margins in its Global Rolled Products and Engineered Products and Solutions segments) anticipated from its restructuring programs and productivity improvement, cash sustainability, technology, and other initiatives; (h) Alcoa’s inability to realize expected benefits, in each case as planned and by targeted completion dates, from sales of non-core assets, or from newly constructed, expanded, or acquired facilities, or from international joint ventures, including the joint venture in Saudi Arabia; (i) political, economic, and regulatory risks in the countries in which Alcoa operates or sells products, including unfavorable changes in laws and governmental policies, civil unrest, imposition of sanctions, expropriation of assets, or other events beyond Alcoa’s control; (j) the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government investigations, and environmental remediation; (k) the impact of cyber attacks and potential information technology or data security breaches; (l) failure to receive, delays in the receipt of, or unacceptable or burdensome conditions imposed in connection with, all required regulatory approvals, or the inability to satisfy the other closing conditions to the proposed Firth Rixson acquisition; (m) the risk that the Firth Rixson business will not be integrated successfully or such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; (n) the possibility that certain assumptions with respect to Firth Rixson or the proposed transaction could prove to be inaccurate; (o) the loss of customers, suppliers and other business relationships of Alcoa or Firth Rixson as a result of the proposed acquisition; and (p) the other risk factors summarized in Alcoa’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2014, June 30, 2014, and September 30, 2014, and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Alcoa disclaims any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether in response to new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Alcoa has not provided a reconciliation of any forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, due primarily to variability and difficulty in making accurate forecasts and projections, as not all of the information necessary for a quantitative reconciliation is available to the Company without unreasonable effort.
Kelly Pasterick, 212-836-2674
Kelly.Pasterick@alcoa.com
Monica Orbe, 212-836-2632
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Case Western Students’ HMW Incinerator Wins ASCE Sustainability Award
BY Ben Walpole
ASCE AwardsawardsEPAstudent competitionssustainability
Case Western Reserve University’s student team received 2017 ASCE Sustainable Development Award at the EPA’s P3 National Sustainable Design Expo. PHOTO: Alex Rosenheim
ASCE recognized the innovative humanitarian work of a Case Western Reserve University student team with the 2017 ASCE Sustainable Development Award at the EPA’s P3 National Sustainable Design Expo.
The P3 “People, Prosperity, and the Planet” program features a college competition in two parts. Selected student teams are given $15,000 grants during the school year to develop proposals to solutions for a sustainable future. They then bring their designs to the design expo in Washington, DC, to compete for the P3 award and a grant of $90,000.
The ASCE Sustainable Development Award, sponsored by the Society’s Committee on Sustainability, honors a student team with $1,000 for a project that solves a pressing need in a developing country, based on the project’s simplicity of design, its use of local raw materials, and its widespread effect on quality of life in that region.
Case Western won the Society award for devising an electrical incinerator for hazardous medical waste disposal, designed specifically for use in Uganda. The device collects syringes and segregates the steel needles for disposal in a separate, electrically powered incinerator.
ASCE judges Venisri Nagulapati, Richard Cramond, and Satish Soni look at student projects during the EPA’s P3 National Sustainable Design Expo. PHOTO: Alex Rosenheim
The project has also strengthened the collaboration between engineering and social science students at Case Western and Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda.
The panel of ASCE judges included Venisri Nagulapati, P.E., M.ASCE, Satish Soni, P.E., M.ASCE, and Richard Cramond, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE.
Cramond was particularly impressed by the prototype designed by the Case Western team.
“They had made a mockup of their system, which in essence let you clip off needles without handling them, and transfer them into an induction heater,” Cramond said. “It’s a unique solution for destroying the contaminated needles, which is a problem all over the world.
“For the students, it gives them the opportunity to go solve real problems. A lot of it is theoretical, but it is all aimed at a real problem.”
Find more about the P3 program at its official EPA site.
ASCE Awards Purdue Student Team for Project to Aid Farming in Central Africa
Innovation in Sustainability Award-Winner Transforms Kansas City
Two New Student Competitions, Same Great ASCE Student Conferences
ASCE’s Two New Student Competitions Off to Great Start
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Premiere: Cataldo Releases Stunning Visuals for "White Lighter"
The Seattle-based musician brings us on his west coast tour.
Nov 12, 2019 | Lea Veloso
Track on Bandsintown
A decade and six albums later, Eric Anderson is still writing powerful and personal lyrics that pull listeners in. Anderson, under the moniker of “Cataldo,” adapted the stories of his Idaho upbringing to create his latest LP, Literally Main Street. The album captures moments from his life and develops them into lyrical nostalgia. By dishing out complex piano arrangements and leaning in on his signature rich vocals, the 10 track stunner embodies the very best of Cataldo.
The track “White Lighter” wraps up the overall message of Literally Main Street, inviting you to explore the mind of someone heading into their middle ages and reminiscing the past. The song is named after the infamous tell tale that white lighters bring bad luck. “This is in part because of a (I'm sure erroneous) rumor that famous musicians like Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain had them in their pockets when they died,” Anderson said. “As someone now firmly older than those folks when they died I wanted to write a song about the [trials] and tribulations, but also the virtues and joys, of still grinding on your band into your 30s. It's a song about keeping the dream alive and keeping things that are precious to you at the center of your life despite the figurative (and literal) costs.”
The video for “White Lighter” is premiering here today and is filled with stunning visuals of the tour. “I couldn’t think of a more appropriate video than Andrew Shepherd hopping in the van and shooting some footage of us on our west coast tour this fall!” said Anderson. Join Cataldo on his trip down memory lane and check out the video below. Track Cataldo on Bandsintown to find out when he his performing near you!
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Mountain Charlie Ridge - 7/2012
Winter Solstice Double Century, December 16, 2000 - A Bikeaholics ride from Los Altos, California south to Pinnacles National Monument and back.
Ron Eats Hot Dog, August 5, 2000 - I don't recall where we rode this day, and I'm guessing the date based on distance and mileage around this time, but it must have been a tough ride for Ron to eat a hot dog. At the time he was training for Furnace Creek 508.
Seattle to Portland, July 8, 2000 - Ron Bobb and I started from the Edmund Meany Hotel in north Seattle and rode down to the University of Washington, the start of the ride. At exactly 5a we began our long ride south to Portland, OR, passing around Lake Washington, then south through Kent, Spanaway, to Chehalis for lunch.
Somewhere before lunch Ron got ahead of me (or more likely, I started to slow down to a sustainable pace). Ron was riding strongly this year; he would ride the Furnace Creek 508 in October.
At lunch I spoke with Joe Kochanowski while I ate some pasta. Joe was going on about how no one could stay on his tail for more than a few miles at a time. He was riding one of his custom open-top streamliners. After lunch the course thinned out considerably as most of the riders were planning to ride over the course of two days.
At about the 200k point just south of Vader, WA, David and Kay caught up with me on the course. It was a welcome relief when I stopped to rest in the van, change my wet jersey into something dry, and get a bite to eat. For the rest of the course we leap-frogged each other southward to the Lewis & Clark Bridge and then on down to Portland.
At the end I was completely exhausted. Not as spent as I was in Death Valley earlier in the year--I had eaten and hydrated properly, but I was physically and mentally exhausted, although the photos don't show it.
That evening we checked into our hotel, got cleaned up, and went out to dinner at Marrakesh. It was a good meal, and it was acceptable, indeed, expected, that I should shovel in the food with my fingers, but then anything edible put in front of me at that point tasted good.
Zach's Monthly Recumbent Ride, July 1, 2000 - Ron Bobb and I rode BART to Union City, then took BART to Fruitvale where we rode into Alameda to join Zach Kaplan on his monthly recumbent ride around the city. After Zach's ride Ron and I headed up into the Oakland Hills to Redwood Road, then rode south through Castro Valley, and then up over Palomares Road back into Fremont and returned to Palo Alto across the Dumbarton Bridge.
Sequoia Century, June 4, 2000 - This was a Sunday I wish I could have been in two places at once. The HPVA (Human Powered Vehicle Association) were having HPV races at the Hellyer Park Velodrome, and the Western Wheelers were holding their Sequoia Century. Since I hadn’t ridden the Sequoia since 1992, the weather was promising to be cool and comfortable, and since I had worked on the ride this year and could ride for free, I opted to ride the Sequoia Century in spite of the fact that a couple recumbent-riding friends had opted to do the races that day. Unfortunately, this meant that due to the dynamics of riding a recumbent, I would probably be riding alone most of the day.
At 0550 I left home for the 2-mile ride to the VA Hospital and the start of the event. After checking in and visiting the little blue box I started the official ride at 0620.
I decided to improvise on the official 200k course, which itself was a compromise made necessary so that no additional rest stops would be needed over that for the 100-mile course. The Bikeaholics rest stop at Saratoga Gap wasn’t on the 200k course, but I wanted to stop there on the way back before they closed down. This meant that I could not dawdle at rest stops on the coast. But, in order to keep the distance of the ride close to 200k I would have to add some distance. I settled on a somewhat longer but flatter route before lunch that took CA-84 clear out to CA-1 and omitted the Bonny Doon detour. The ride north along Summit and Skyline over Castle Rock would make up most of the climbing lost by missing Bonny Doon Rd. Even so, I would still be a mile and about 850 feet of climbing short at the end.
The climb up Page Mill Road went slowly. I was passed by about fifteen cyclists, though I managed to pass a couple of slower climbers. I decided not to try to keep up but to keep my heart rate low since it was early in the ride. The steepest parts of the climb were in a cool damp fog that lifted, or rather, that I rose above just before the Montebello parking lot. Above the fog, the temperature was quite warm. At Skyline Blvd. I turned north and continued to CA-84 and at the same time descended back into the cool damp fog. At Skylonda I stopped briefly to refill water bottles and to speak with the volunteers at what appeared to be a rest stop for a bike ride. The rest stop was for the Tour de Cure ride out of Woodside.
The descent down CA-84 into La Honda went quickly—I managed to catch the green light at the one-way control. I rode past Pescadero Road, the turnoff point for the official 200k route, and continued out to the coast, not stopping until I reached CA-1. The San Gregorio Beach parking lot had been turned into what appeared to be a three-ring circus in preparation for the SF-LA AIDS ride. A couple volunteers at the stop beckoned me in, but I continued, leaving them with furrowed brows.
The ride south on the coast was invigorating, the fog ceiling high enough that the ocean was clearly visible. Traffic was moderate, though it was punctuated more frequently than one might have expected at this relatively early hour by large semi trucks and tour buses that appeared to be associated with the AIDS ride.
My route did not rejoin the official 200k and 100-mile routes until I passed Gazos Creek Rd. I waved at the traffic monitor as I passed by. I was feeling like taking a quick stop just as I reached the Rossi Road turnoff a short distance south of Gazos Creek Road.
The Costanoa resort is a new development, something I’m surprised had been allowed to be built (sometime in the last five years) given the sensitive nature of the coastline. Nevertheless the development seems to have been planned in reasonably good taste unlike much of the late construction on the other side of the mountains. The rest stop was situated in a parking lot about 0.4 miles up a short climb from CA-1 between a general store, which I did not visit, and the rest rooms across the access road, which I did visit and that offered hot water from its taps. Yes, warm water on the hands did feel good after riding in the chilly morning air.
I learned with some satisfaction that I was the sixteenth cyclist to arrive at the stop that morning. Before I left the stop 15 minutes later, at least another fifteen cyclists had come in. Several people asked questions about my bike, whether it was harder on the hills (yes) and more aerodynamic (yes). “How much does it weigh?”, someone asked impertinently. “Forty-five pounds, give or take a few, when fully equipped for a day ride.”, I answered honestly.
This particular recumbent I ride, an Easy Racers Gold Rush with fairing and wraparound sock (yellow), is a nearly ideal vehicle for riding down CA-1. On a road with long flat sections or rolling hills and no extended climbs, I cover quite a bit more ground than I would on my upright bike for the same level of effort. With the slight tailwind present that morning I could maintain speeds between 25 and 28 mph on the level sections without my heart rate rising above 80% of maximum. Generally I find I can ride at 24 mph on the recumbent for the same level of effort that would acheive 20mph on my upright bike. At higher speeds the difference is greater; at slower speeds the difference is less. The hardest kind of ride on a recumbent is one with many steep climbs and descents that must be ridden with liberal use of the brakes, where kinetic energy gained descending cannot be converted back into potential energy on the next uphill.
After passing the sandy cliffs marking the northern reach of the Santa Cruz County coastline and climbing the short hill past the Big Creek Lumber mill I turned left onto Swanton Rd., part of the official 200k route. I had ridden Swanton Rd. a couple of times before, but I had never climbed it to its summit from north to south.
The climb went reasonably quickly. As I descended into the Scott Creek drainage I thought what a beautiful road this was and that I should be sure to take it again should I find myself otherwise passing on the much busier coast highway. Swanton Road rejoins CA-1 about 1 mile north of Davenport. From here I stayed on CA-1 all the way into Santa Cruz passing several cyclists who themselves were managing a respectable pace in the low to mid 20 mph range.
Once in Santa Cruz I managed to squeeze past most of the motor traffic backed up along Mission Street. Unfortunately there is no easy way to get from the west side to the east side of Santa Cruz by bicycle without riding on Mission Street and Water Street. At Market Street I turned left and continued on Branciforte Drive to the lunch stop at De La Veaga Park. A rough count of the number of cyclists already enjoying their lunches left me with the impression that I was somewhat further down the ordered list of arrivals than I was at the Costanoa Resort, no doubt due to my pleasant though time-consuming detour on Swanton Road.
Lunch consisted of a hearty spread of sandwich fixings, fruit, cookies, and two salads. The potato salad looked good, but before I dipped my spoon into the mix I learned that it contained bacon. However, I did find curious the omission of any vegetables from the sandwich menu other than iceberg lettuce, which was self-served “Hugh Murphy style”. The tone of the lunch stop may have been French due to the nearby boom-box punching out passionate French ballads.
Lunch with the early arrivals could be fairly characterized as an unsociable affair marked occasionally by grunts and murmurings to one’s riding companions. Perhaps the cool overcast weather created a subdued atmosphere that frowned on conversation.
Fifty minutes later found me back on the bike heading up Branciforte Drive. As the climb up Granite Creek Road steepened, I stopped to shed my long sleeve top. I was suddenly passed by several more cyclists. I managed to rejoin most of this group in Scotts Valley before they again pulled ahead on the climb up Glenwood Road.
I felt slow climbing Mountain Charlie Road. The stairstep climbs that on previous occasions felt fairly easy seemed painfully slow today. Even at 3 mph in my lowest gear my heart rate was approaching the 80% mark. Maybe I was still digesting lunch. At the top of the climb I came upon another cyclist who asked me which way to go. I directed him to continue straight on Mountain Charlie. “Don’t go the way I’m going.”, I said as I turned left onto Riva Ridge Road. leaving him with a puzzled look on his face.
Riva Ridge cuts over to Hutchinson Road, which in turn joins Summit Road, but not before climbing a short but very steep and nasty hill that sent me over my 80% heart rate in my lowest gear.
Once on Summit Road I headed northwest toward Saratoga Gap. Summit and Skyline are 1.5-lane wide roads with little traffic. Riding northwest is mostly a climb, but there are several short downhill sections that allow one to rest and recover. I seemed to regain my speed as I rode. By the time Skyline became a two-lane road at Black Road I was feeling much better. The ride up past Las Cumbres and Castle Rock seemed to go quickly, and the descent to Saratoga Gap was quicker yet.
I arrived with more fanfare than I had expected at Saratoga Gap at about 1430 near the tail end of the 100k lunch arrivals. Lunch food was still available, so I double-dipped and had a second lunch at this, the Bikeaholics lunch stop, set to a decidedly Hawaiian theme complete with ladies in grass skirts, men in loud Hawaiian shirts, Mai Tai cocktails, and a boom box belting out pop tunes and the decidedly un-Hawaiian John Williams’ Star Wars soundtrack.
I lollygagged at Saratoga Gap until nearly 1600 when the rest stop provisions had been packed into the truck. I thought about which way to return to the start: Skyline to Page Mill or on the 100k course down CA-9. After learning that Foothill Expressway was still torn up, I decided to return down Page Mill Road. Rest stop volunteers Elaine Astrue, Tom Lawrence, Sarah Beaver, and John Serafin, who had ridden their bikes to the rest stop, decided to go the same direction, so we all rode together.
The ride north on Skyline Blvd. is mostly downhill, but I rode slower than usual to allow the others to catch up. I descended the same way down Page Mill and through Los Altos Hills as I had ascended earlier in the day: Page Mill, Altamont, Black Mountain, Natoma, Elena, Purissima, and Arastradero.
After checking in, grazing at the food table, and speaking with several folks at the finish area, I headed home. Even though I didn’t experience quite as much climbing as I would have on the official 200k route, I still had a good time. Many thanks are due to all of the volunteers who made this Sequoia Century an enjoyable experience for me.
Strawberry Fields Forever, May 21, 2000 - I thought it might be cooler in Soquel than it was in Palo Alto on Sunday, so as all the weather forecasts were predicting unseasonably warm weather late last week, I decided to ride the Strawberry Fields century.
I had planned to pick up a car-less cyclist in Mountain View for the drive down to Soquel, but when I called to announce that I was on my way, she told me she had decided not to do the ride due to feeling ill. On my way over CA-17, I decided to take a short cut to the ride start that probably didn’t save me any time, but was an interesting diversion nonetheless since I hadn’t ridden one of the roads before due to its dead-ending on CA-17: Vine Hill Rd.
Riding the socked Gold Rush, I was on the road by 0723. The first few miles of the ride went quickly. On the long climb up the creek I was passed by several fast cyclists, but I also managed to pass a few slower ones. With fresh legs the climb was not so bad nor did it seem as tedious and long as I remember it to be with 70 or 80 miles in my legs.
Highland Way is paved the whole way, although there are slide areas in several spots, including one very large slide, the top of which must be several hundred feet up the hillside.
The descent down Eureka Canyon begins tentatively on very rough and dirty paved road. I took the corners carefully, too carefully for one upright biker who passed me on this section pedaling as if his legs might come unhinged. As the road opened up I was able to release my brakes more often. Though there was neither mud nor water on the road, I slowed for the section where Ron Bobb had told me he had crashed just downhill from the sharp hairpin. Lower down the road straightened out and I started passing other cyclists, including the guy who passed me on the upper section.
After stopping at the Russian-themed rest stop in Corralitos I pressed on down Corralitos Road and then south on Freedom Blvd., past the old Easy Racers chicken coop shop behind Hansen’s Feed. The route skirted north of the Watsonville Airport through a small subdivision and then onto Larkin Valley and Mir Monte Roads before heading south on San Andreas Road.
The Italian rest stop, just off Beach Road near the Pajaro River, was surrounded by strawberry fields giving off a sweet odor in the unseasonably warm air.
The route continued through strawberry fields in the Pajaro River valley and then onto Elkhorn Road alongside the Elkhorn Slough. At Castroville Blvd. the route headed inland and became hotter. The road also began to climb. As the wind was blowing in my direction I began to get hot. Just as I started to overheat at the top of the climb, the road descended quickly to the center of Prunedale.
After a few more short, mean hills, I arrived at Royal Oaks Park for lunch. I checked my thermometer; it read 102. Even though the rest stops were closely-spaced, about 15-20 miles apart, I was going through 50-70 oz of water in between. While it was hot inside the sock, I felt hotter outside the sock when I was in the sun. I think the light-colored cloth of the sock helps reflect some of the direct radiation. Several people commented that I must be hot in the thing. I answered that I’m actually cooler unless I get no air movement inside, which happens even in 60-degree weather if I’m climbing a hill at the speed of the wind.
Following lunch the route took a mostly downhill road back to the Pajaro River valley and eventually found its way to Gizdich Ranch where it seemed just as hot in the shade as it was in the sun. I stopped to sample a fruit tart and to stand for a minute under a spray mister that had been set up for the occasion.
The route continued northward across CA-152 and up a short section of Mount Madonna Road and Hazel Dell Road. Just as I was starting up the main climb on Hazel Dell, my rear derailer cable broke. (The cable broke with little warning about 1/2” from the shifter end of the cable, probably the apex of the bend it makes inside the shifter handle.) Fortunately I have a reverse-spring rear shifter or I would have been walking most of the remaining hills. So I alternated between grinding in a 51/34 and spinning madly in a 20x34 on the uphills and coasting gently on the downhills. I could spin comfortably up to about 14 mph in a 63/34 on the level sections, but for the most part I coasted as much as possible. I was surprised that I still managed to pass most cyclists on the road in spite of my handicap.
The route returned down Browns Valley Road into Corralitos to revisit the Russian rest stop. This time I lollygagged longer and sampled the crepes that were still being prepared. I spoke at some length with Ken Holloway who having ridden the Davis Double the day before was riding a very leisurely paced 100k with some slower cyclist friends.
The route back to Soquel was the most direct scenic way along Hames, Day, Valencia, and Soquel Drive. I arrived about 1545. The temperature in Soquel had already cooled to the low-80’s F, but I still felt drained and slightly light-headed from the heat. So, I rested a bit and sipped soft drinks before eating the tasty pasta and salad dinner that had been prepared.
I hadn’t done this Century ride before, but the support was very good. Especially welcome because of the heat were the frequent and well-stocked rest stops. I only saw a few clearly marked SAG vehicles on the course, but that doesn’t mean there weren’t enough as I didn’t have a need for one. Overall it was a fun ride. What would normally have been a relatively easy century was made more difficult by the early-season heat. On the whole I had a good time and would do the ride again if it fits into my calendar in future years.
Taste of the Devil, April 15, 2000 - I joined Ron Bobb and Zach Kaplan for the first half of the Devil Mountain Double, but opted to ride the shorter version, Taste of the Devil. The first half of the ride started in San Ramon and climbed Mt. Diablo, descended through Walnut Creek, Clayton, Morgan Territory, and over Altamont Pass and back up Patterson Pass to Livermore. The double century continued up the backside of Mt. Hamilton, then Sierra, Felter, and Calaveras Roads before joining the Taste of the Devil route through Niles Canyon and over Palomares, Crow Canyon and Norris Canyon Roads.
Tierra Bella Century: 200k, April 8, 2000 - Zach Kaplan, Ron Bobb, and I rode the Tierra Bella Century, 200k course.
Death Valley Double Century, February 19, 2000 - Ron Bobb, Zach Kaplan, and I shared a room at Stovepipe Wells Motel for a couple of nights during which we rode the Death Valley Double Century. Although the weather couldn't have been better for this event, I did not manage my Calorie intake well and had to quit from exhaustion, dizzyness and possibly Atrial Fibrillation, although I was not aware I suffered from it at the time, at Ashford Mills on the return to Furnace Creek.
Cherry Pie Criterium, February 6, 2000 - Zach Kaplan, Ron Bobb, and I carpooled up to Napa to participate in the Cherry Pie Criterium. Recumbents raced first (8:30a), and afterward the three of us and Bruce deBell (who lives in Napa) rode up Atlas Mountain Road and back down afterward.
Quien Sabe and Lone Tree Roads, January 27, 2000 - Ron Bobb and I met in San Juan Bautista and rode a number of dead-end roads in the Hollister area including Santa Anita Valley Road, Quien Sabe Road, and Lone Tree Road. We wanted to know where these roads all went.
Mt. Hamilton, January 22, 2000 - Zach Kaplan, Ron Bobb and I rode up Mt. Hamilton and returned through Livermore.
New Years Ride up Mt. Diablo, January 1, 2000 - Ron Bobb and I left Palo Alto early, rode across the Dumbarton Bridge, took BART to Walnut Creek and joined the New Year's Day ride up Mt. Diablo with the Grizzly Peak Cyclists. After spending some time at the summit we rode down the south side, through Livermore, and back to Palo Alto through Niles Canyon and the Dumbarton Bridge. Zach left the ride at Union City BART.
The only photo from the occasion was taken in the visitor center at the summit.
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Maharashtra: Meeting of NCP, Congress, Shiv Sena with Governor postponed
ANI | Updated: Nov 16, 2019, 17:23 IST
Photo: BCCL
Mumbai: The meeting of the delegation of the three parties-NCP, Congress and Shiv Sena with the Governor Bhagat Singh Koshyari was postponed till further notice.
It was scheduled to take place at 4.30 pm on Saturday.
Recently, the Congress and the NCP, which fought the assembly polls together along with the Shiv Sena had prepared a draft common minimum programme (CMP).
The three parties have been making efforts to form a non-BJP government in the state where the President's Rule was imposed earlier this week.
The Shiv Sena and the BJP, who had fought the polls together, could not form the government due to differences over power-sharing.
The BJP emerged as the single-largest party in the state with 105 seats in 288-member assembly followed by Shiv Sena 56, NCP 54 and Congress 44.
Shiv Sena, NCP and Congress emerge as big winners in local bodies pol...
Shiv Sena-Congress-NCP govt is like 3-wheeler auto-rickshaw, won't la...
NCP-Shiv Sena-Congress meeting with Governor postponed due to absence...
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Buzzfeed’s latest stunt proves print is alive and well
Buzzfeed just launched a magazine... for one day. But Ovato's Adrian O’Connor believes the marketing stunt tells us something deeper about the future of print.
by ADRIAN O’CONNOR
Last week, digital behemoth Buzzfeed printed and distributed a newspaper. In a tongue-in-cheek statement, the company said: “BuzzFeed, a company that was born on the internet and social media, is testing a new technology called print and unveiling a one-time, special edition BuzzFeed Newspaper, showcasing the latest news stories and favourite BuzzFeed content in an easy to consume mobile format.”
“We printed out the internet.” @BuzzFeedBen reports live from Union Square where he’s handing out copies of BuzzFeed’s first newspaper pic.twitter.com/Q8W9R7o9vX
— AM2DM by BuzzFeed News (@AM2DM) March 6, 2019
About 20,000 copies of the one-off paper were distributed in New York to commuters and passers-by at Union Square, Penn Station and Herald Square.
For a publication known for its social media footprint and reliance on online video, GIFs and “bite-sized” digital content like quizzes, it was an unexpected move to say the least.
Confident @BuzzFeed is the first outlet to print a gif in a newspaper, we are rocket scientists pic.twitter.com/CqW5CYydMc
— Tom Namako (@TomNamako) March 6, 2019
So, what does it say about today’s media landscape?
A tangible marketing impact
The stunt is proof that, despite a lot of hand-wringing about the decline of print, it remains a viable and effective medium. While many believed physical books were done and dusted after the Kindle launched in 2007, the stats tell a different story.
Since 2013, publisher-reported revenue in the US has increased by $820 million, while ebook sales slipped by 3.9 percent in 2018. In the UK, the print book market grew by 2.1 percent. And in Australia, unit sales of print books were up 2.5 percent in January to September 2018.
Consumers trust printed news more than its online counterpart, and they’re increasingly turning to printed books and magazines as a way to “switch off” and reduce “digital overload”.
Buzzfeed recognised that print, more than any other medium, feeds real-world buzz and a tangible opportunity for audience engagement. The paper’s motto was: “Social. Mobile. Recyclable.” After all, newspapers were the original mobile content – to be read at a local café over a coffee, on the train to work or during the interminable hours in a waiting room. A newspaper is personal. It’s part of a reader’s daily routine.
Unlike digital platforms like social media and email, the content in a printed newspaper isn’t competing with a feed full of other brands and publishers. It’s a standalone item that commands attention. This obviously isn’t to say that Buzzfeed should pivot to print entirely, but that print can play its own, separate role.
As Brandon Ortiz from Salesforce says: “The ubiquity of digital media has given print media a strange new power. Think of how special it is to get a written letter as opposed to an email.” Print is a chance to stand out. It provides a rare moment with your audience free of digital distraction.
Print and digital are more powerful together
The argument about whether digital or print reigns supreme is ultimately a false dichotomy. For marketers, the combination of both can be the most effective strategy. Buzzfeed knew that New Yorkers were likely to snap a picture of the newspaper and post to social media, extending its reach to a global audience. People that enjoyed the paper would have jumped straight onto Buzzfeed’s online channels, even if they hadn’t previously engaged with the site. Branching out into different mediums allows you to connect with a whole new audience and introduce them to your content.
Using print to supplement a digital strategy also lets you cut content in a range of different ways for different audiences: as with any channel, it’s about making sure the content fits the medium. In this case, Anne Helen Petersen’s viral article on millennial burnout, originally a long-read of over 7,000 words, wouldn’t be feasible in a printed newspaper with limited word count.
It was a fascinating process to have my burnout piece edited (WAY, WAY) down for BuzzFeed’s print edition: pic.twitter.com/1zEsJhWyFo
— Anne Helen Petersen (@annehelen) March 6, 2019
The constraints of print actually allow the freedom to turn it into a shorter print version for readers on the move. The Buzzfeed team also shared behind-the-scenes content on Twitter about the making of the paper and drew attention to the artwork that had gone into it – details that wouldn’t have been possible on digital channels.
For those interested, here’s an incomplete gif of the cover process (see if you can spot where we momentarily freaked out about putting momo on the cover): pic.twitter.com/2AEmmleJYK
— Ben King (@brknyc) March 6, 2019
There are plenty of brands already recognising the value of integrated print and digital campaigns. A few years ago, IKEA showcased its catalogue with a satirical online campaign inviting customers to “experience the power of a bookbook”, with 18 million video views to date.
Dance music label Kontor Records sent out a vinyl record with a paper turntable to executives they knew would otherwise ignore the sample. Recipients could scan a QR code and play the record on their smartphone. The campaign was a huge success: 71 percent of 900 QR codes were activated and 42 percent visited the online store.
But integrated campaigns don’t have to be complex to be effective. It could be as simple as including your social media handles and relevant websites on printed materials, from invites to event stands. Or if you distribute a catalogue, using social media targeting to show recipients the most popular products in their area or current promotions at their local store. It’s about understanding all the different channels your customers engage with – and how to reach them to create new connections and provoke different reactions.
The new era of print
It turns out print is alive and well. If anything, it’s going to be more of a focus in 2019, as brands discover new tools and technologies that mean they can apply the same tactics and measurement from digital channels to print. Smart marketers will be jumping at the chance to reach audiences in all the different places and moments they consume media – as long as it’s relevant and unique.
Adrian O’Connor is CEO, print and residential distribution at Ovato.
topics Adrian O’Connor, buzzfeed, Ovato
Comments: 11 Add Comment
Dude 13 Mar 19
It’s a PR stunt that highlights how quaint the notion of a print newspaper has become… not exactly what I’d choose as a basis for an argument on the validity of print.
Billy c 14 Mar 19
Exactly. The reporting of the print edition online is equivalent to them delivering content by Morse Code for a laugh. Print is still a good way to reach old people though.
Lisa Bird 14 Mar 19
People 55+ still enjoy sitting down with a cup of coffee and reading the paper so print is alive and well with this target market and those trying to reach them. Don’t underestimate this lucrative bunch with million dollar property portfolios and no mortgage. A very enjoyable experience that millennial’s don’t know anything about. If 55+ is old people I’m glad to be one of them.
David Hague 14 Mar 19
Why do people insist it is only 55+. Is this some magic age or something?
Eye roll 14 Mar 19
You’re right, of course Linda. But a medium that’s population is aging out of it year on year with no new uptake from younger generations is by definition a medium in trouble.
The argument for print as an effective channel diminishes with each and every year that passes.
So true – lets enjoy it while it lasts!
Nadio 19 Mar 19
Agree Lisa….I refuse to patronise any coffee shop/cafe that does not provide daily newspapers for its customers.
Misguided 14 Mar 19
I guess ‘print is valuable because it lets companies make fun of print’ is an interesting take…
FraserT 14 Mar 19
They should of done this on 1 April
foodforthought 14 Mar 19
only moments before reading this article I had been mildly surprised by the number of people (mostly young people, shock horror) reading books and other printed material on the London tube this morning
digested it, still hungry 15 Mar 19
Let me know when you can take out a full-page in a novel. Random House keep ignoring my emails.
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Deister Holding and Juhler Holding - impact on dividends from Germany
OECD consultation regarding the tax challenges of the digitalisation o...
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Netherlands grows as preferred holding jurisdiction for hosting Indian investments
In recent years both Mauritius and Singapore were the leading jurisdictions for hosting investments into India. According to estimates, more than 30% of all investments into India have been structured via Mauritius or Singapore. Following the amendments to the India - Mauritius Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (“DTAA”), the interaction thereof with the India - Singapore DTAA, the amendments to the India -Cyprus DTAA, and the impact of the Multilateral Instrument (“MLI”) on treaties, multinational enterprises (“MNEs”) may consider exploring other jurisdictions such as the Netherlands for hosting investments into India.
Context India – Netherlands DTAA
Unlike most OECD based DTAA, the DTAAs between India and Mauritius, Singapore and Cyprus included a capital gains taxation based on tax residency. With the revision of these DTAAs, capital gains should (in principle) be taxed in India for entities resident in these countries. In other words, India should be entitled to tax capital gains arising in India. However, before foreign investors, structured funds or MNEs start exploring alternatives, they should take note that the amendments to (for instance) the India - Mauritius DTAA may (at least) theoretically have a limited scope and offer grandfathering provisions. In addition, any alternatives selected require careful consideration and possible revision of the upper-tier fund structure including the loss of beneficiary corporate law benefits. Observing these conditions and taking notice of the recent international tax climate, as well as the MLI, the India - Netherlands DTAA offers the following ingredients that could be of benefit when setting up companies in the Netherlands:
The India - Netherlands DTAA provides for an exemption from Indian capital gains tax if a Dutch shareholder holds: a) less than 10% in an Indian company; b) in case of the sale of shares to a nonIndian resident purchaser; or, c) as a corollary from a group restructuring;
The India - Netherlands DTAA includes a most favoured nation (“MFN”) clause. The MFN clause binds India to apply to the Netherlands any lower rate of withholding tax (“WHT”) or a scope more restricted than the rate or scope provided for in the India -Netherlands DTAA on the said item of income. Hence, the most limited definition of, for instance, fees for technical services (“FTS”), in all treaties concluded by India can be applied by Netherlands residents; and
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Diagnostic Software discovers disaster recovery vulnerabilities.
Continuity Software Inc Oct 04, 2011
Targeting enterprise-class business organizations, RecoverGuard v5.4 ensures disaster recovery (DR), High Availability (HA), and SLA compliance across geographically distributed primary production, remote DR, and private cloud computing environments. Solution provides diverse IBM platform support as well as 4,900+ risk signatures in addition to disaster recovery (DR) Capacity Management and Multiple Scan Schedule Support.
Continuity Software Launches RecoverGuard Version 5.4 - Industry's Leading Enterprise-Class High Availability (HA) and Disaster Recovery (DR) Testing and Vulnerability Detection Solution
DR Capacity Management, Multiple Scan Schedule Support, Extended IBM Platform Support and Almost 500 New Risk Signatures Ensures DR, HA and SLA Compliance across Globally Distributed Business Organizations
NEW YORK and TEL AVIV, Israel -- Continuity Software [http://www.continuitysoftware.com ](TM), the world's leading provider of disaster recovery (DR) [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/solutions/disaster_recovery_testing ] and high availability (HA) [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/ha-testing-monitoring ] monitoring and management solutions, today announced the general availability of RecoverGuard [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/products.html ] version 5.4 (v5.4) featuring key enhancements intended to target the specific needs of enterprise-class business organizations, including DR Capacity Management and Multiple Scan Schedule Support, as well as extended IBM platform support and almost 500 new risk signatures. For the first time, global companies can ensure DR, HA and service level agreement (SLA) compliance across their geographically distributed primary production, remote DR and private cloud computing environments.
RecoverGuard v5.4's new features and benefits include:
- Disaster Recovery (DR) Capacity Management - Ensures recovery site computing and storage capacity meets business goals; auto-notification provided when recovery site capacity misaligns with requirements.
- Multiple Scan Schedule Support - Enables users to add and support multiple verification schedules across an unlimited number of countries, continents and time zones.
- Added IBM Platform Support - DS 6xxx, 8xxx and XIV as well as all native replication protocols (i.e., Global Mirror, Metro Mirror, FlashCopy, Global Copy, snapshots and remote mirroring). RecoverGuard's extensive Support Matrix can be found at: www.continuitysoftware.com/products/support_matrix.
- Over 4,900 Risk Signatures - almost 500 new risk signatures added as a result of direct feedback from enterprise customers; RecoverGuard database continuously updated to ensure all of the most prevalent, as well as the rarest of potential risks can be proactively discovered and eliminated.
Architecting IT to mitigate business risk is really just the first step to true HA and DR. Configuration drift remains a constant challenge. Standby systems become out-of-sync as the production environment constantly changes, the data center staff work to manually apply the changes to the HA and DR systems, and inevitably - changes slip through. Annual, even semi-annual, testing has proven to be unsuccessful - confirming instead that the systems are out-of-sync and the IT environment highly vulnerable.
"Today's enterprise-class business organizations are extremely adept at defining their high availability and disaster recovery strategy, as well as building a program to support their pre-defined recovery time and recovery point objectives (RTO and RPO). However, where most fall short is in their ability to track compliance with these goals. Given the size, globally distributed, dynamic nature of today's enterprise, to try to do so manually is quite simply a daunting task, that often times is neglected," said David A. Chapa, Senior Analyst, Enterprise Strategy Group [http://www.esg-global.com ] (ESG). "RecoverGuard v5.4 is a tool that can help its users to make certain that they do not fall below their minimum thresholds and thereby ensure they maintain SLA compliance."
"Indeed, today's enterprise data centers are extremely large, incredibly complex and being changed/updated on a constant basis. To attempt to compare production and recovery sites, as well as private cloud infrastructures on a daily basis is not a trivial endeavor," said Doron Pinhas, Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of Continuity Software [http://www.continuitysoftware.com ]. "This is however exactly what RecoverGuard continuously and completely transparently accomplishes. RecoverGuard finds all gaps and vulnerabilities as they happen - instead of waiting 6 months to a year - during which time the company is unprotected. Moreover, with RecoverGuard's v5.4 enhancements customers can rest assured that their highly distributed, business critical data and applications will remain highly-available and protected in the face of any manmade or natural disaster."
RecoverGuard v5.4 is now generally available at a starting price of US $2,000 per server/per year.
About Continuity Software
Continuity Software is the leading provider of high availability (HA) [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/ha-testing-monitoring ] and disaster recovery (DR) [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/solutions/disaster_recovery_testing ] monitoring and management solutions. Trusted by many of the world's largest companies, its award winning RecoverGuard [http://www.continuitysoftware.com/products.html ] software mitigates downtime and data-loss risks, via its patent-protected Analytics (Gap Detection) technology and vast (>4,900 signatures) community-based knowledge base. With RecoverGuard, customers can be confident that their data is protected, systems are recoverable and business continuity goals will be met or exceeded. For further information, please visit: www.continuitysoftware.com, email: info@continuitysoftware.com, or call: +1-888-782-8170 (United States) or +972 (3) 6470888 (Israel).
(c) 2011 Continuity Software. Continuity Software, RecoverGuard and DR Assurance are trademarks of Continuity Software. All other brand and product names in this announcement may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Siemens's Latest TIA Portal V15 is Designed for Simulation and Commissioning
New EPLAN eBuild Cloud Software Enables Initial Project Planning
New QTS 4.4.1 Includes HBS 3 with QuDedup Technology
DI Software facilitates post-production in digital cinema.
New Software from Johnson Controls is Ideal for Retail, Education and Other Businesses
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Take responsibility “don’t turn a blind eye to child abuse.”
by Harold Goodwin
In Human Rights, Responsible Tourism, Responsible Tourism Blog.
The Archers will be familiar to many UK readers of this post. It a radio soap with over 5 million listeners and a further million listening online. Launched in 1951 it is the world’s longest running drama. Originally an everyday story of country folk it is now billed a contemporary drama in a rural setting.
Very contemporary, the Archers has addressed many major social issues including domestic violence, depression, sepsis and now the sexual exploitation of children. WTM Responsible Tourism has been addressing the child protection issues in travel and tourism since November 2011, sticking with the issue year after year – which has led to progress. Many companies have stopped offering orphanage volunteering opportunities and visits, as well as discouraged tourists from making donations. Too often children are trafficked into orphanages run as lucrative businesses, to create an attraction for tourists and tour operators.
Since between five and six million potential customers have heard a dramatic portrayal of how damaged the victims of child sexual abuse are, there is heightened awareness amongst a large group of UK consumers about how damaging child sexual abuse is. Director of SurvivorsUK, Andy Connolly, explains: “In a world where [a survivor] might feel invisible or ignored, a high-profile story such as this can really help a survivor feel that their needs and experiences are represented in the public realm.” More about the Archers story.
Andy Lilicrap has been working in Thailand and Myanmar through the One Sky Foundation, in the border district of Sangkhlaburi for nine years, developing child protection policy and more responsible practices as alternatives to orphanages, including education support, healthcare support, alternative care and income generation.
G Adventures has developed a short video on how to interact with children whilst travelling, such as taking photos, giving gifts or money, and volunteering in orphanages. They use the premise that if you wouldn’t do it at home, don’t do it while you are travelling overseas. There is a lot of information available online on the harm of orphanage volunteering, but a good first port of call is Re-Think Orphanages.
At WTM London in November, Martin Punaks, formerly of Next Generation Nepal and Lumos, J K Rowling’s charity, will be moderating a panel discussion focussed on how do we engage travellers and holidaymakers in developing alternatives to orphanages.
We are putting together advice for travellers and holidaymakers to publish on the WTM site in November – if you have material that we should include please email harold@haroldgoodwin.info
WTM London’s 2019 World Responsible Tourism Awards are now open for submissions – enter now!
The categories for the WTM World Responsible Tourism Awards are:
Best for Wildlife & Nature Conservation
Best for Reducing Carbon & Other Greenhouse Gases
Best for Transparent Reporting
Best for Reducing Plastic Waste
Best for Coping with Success, dealing with Overtourism
Best for Benefiting Local People
Tagged Responsible Tourism.
Harold Goodwin
Harold is WTM’s Responsible Tourism Advisor, he puts together the flagship Responsible Tourism programme at WTM London which attracts 2000 participants each year and the programmes run at WTM Africa, WTM Latin America and Arabian Travel Market. Harold has worked on 4 continents with local communities, their governments and the inbound and outbound tourism industry. He is Managing Director of the Responsible Tourism Partnership and chairs the panels of judges for the World Responsible Tourism Awards and the other Awards in the family, Africa, India and Ireland. Harold works with industry, local communities, governments, and conservationists and undertakes consultancy and evaluations for companies, NGOs, governments, and international organisations. He is also a Director of the Institute of Place Management at Manchester Metropolitan University, where he is an Emeritus Professor, and Founder Director of the International Centre for Responsible Tourism promotes the principles of the Cape Town Declaration which he drafted.
Previous: WTM Latin America returns to the Leader Meetings agenda
Next:First shortlist unveiled for International Travel & Tourism Awards 2019
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Home Health Over 200000 suspected cholera cases in Yemen – UN Report
Over 200000 suspected cholera cases in Yemen – UN Report
Photo by *SHERWOOD*
Seized by violence and already on the edge of famine, Yemen is struggling with another danger that threatens to outpace them both, a cholera outbreak. The UN health agency states that there are now more than 200000 suspected cases of cholera in an outbreak in war-torn Yemen, many of them children.
UNICEF director Anthony Lake and World Health Organization chief Margaret Chan said in a statement Saturday, “we are now facing the worst outbreak in the world,” with an average of 5000 new cases every day. The agencies say that more than 1300 people have died, of which one quarter of them children, and the death toll is expected to rise.
The UN says collapsing health, water and sanitation systems have cut off 14.5 million people from regular access to clean water and sanitation, increasing the ability of the disease to spread.
The country has been roiled by violence since Houthi rebels seized power and ousted the president, who fled to neighboring Saudi Arabia. Since then, a Saudi-led coalition supported by the US has waged a protracted campaign against the rebels and some worry that support makes the US complicit in Yemen’s deepening humanitarian crisis.
In addition, an estimated 30,000 local health workers have not been paid for nearly 10 months according to a Washigton Post report.
Source: UN /WP
Previous articleSri Lanka : 164 dead and over 100 missing due to flooding from monsoon rains
Next articleOil tanker truck explosion in Bahawalpur, Pakistan kills at least 135
New regulations on the tobacco industry in the UK and EU with further restrictions
Northern Nigeria fighting to contain worst meningitis outbreak since 2009
Boston University School of Medicine study says daily diet soda drinkers three times more likely to have stroke, dementia
World’s oldest person, Italy’s Emma Morano dies at 117
GlaxoSmithKline : over 590000 Ventolin (albuterol) HFA 200D inhalers recalled due to a potential issues with the delivery system
Trump budget cuts would hit United Nations and its affiliated agencies including Global Climate Change Initiative
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Sharapova samples the new Boxster Spyder
Ahead of the WTA Pre-Wimbledon Party, the tennis star called in at Porsche Centre Mayfair for a ride in the latest Porsche.
Available to order since being unveiled in April, but not arriving officially in showrooms until July, the left-hand drive Boxster Spyder is visiting the UK for a few days only. The Spyder made its world debut at the New York Auto Show earlier this year, and is the lightest and most powerful Boxster yet built by Porsche.
Ready for the test drive: Maria Sharapova
Porsche Ambassador Maria Sharapova was so keen to see the car during its short time on these shores, that she made a special stop on her way to the WTA Pre-Wimbledon Party to make sure she didn’t miss out on a drive.
Driving around the streets of Mayfair was certainly an experience savoured by the five-time Grand Slam Champion. Speaking about the drive, Sharapova commented: “This is huge fun - truly thrilling. I love that this new Boxster Spyder is like a classic sports car, but at the same time feels so modern and sophisticated. It’s a fantastic car and I need to get one!”
Consumption data
Boxster Spyder: Combined fuel consumption: 9,9 l/100 km; CO2 emissions: 230 g/km
Sharapova samples the Boxster Spyder
Brand Ambassador Maria Sharapova
Maria Sharapova samples the new Porsche Boxster Spyder
Maria Sharapova test drives the new Porsche Boxster Spyder, press release, 06/26/2015, Porsche AG
Homepage Maria Sharapova
Lifestyle 12/13/2015
Sharapova-Event: Successful first day
Maria Sharapova took to court at her own Porsche-supported tennis tournament. The first day at a glance.
Hollywood flair at Sharapova-Event
The “Maria Sharapova & Friends” tennis event at a glance.
Sharapova takes a “Taste of Paris”
French cuisine attracts food lovers from around the globe, including Maria Sharapova.
#5billioncurves on Instagram
Porsche starts an interactive campaign on the photo sharing platform.
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RAREBYTES
HOME READER 122 REVIEW 34 INTERVIEWS BLOG SUBSCRIBE SHOP MULTIMEDIA
REVIEW by Suzannah V Evans
NWR Issue r18
David Jones: Engraver, Soldier, Painter, Poet
by Thomas Dilworth
TS Eliot called David Jones’ epic poem In Parenthesis ‘a work of genius’, while WH Auden considered it to be ‘the greatest book about the First World War’, bowing deeply to the author when they first had occasion to meet. Since then, Seamus Heaney has described Jones as ‘an extraordinary writer’ who has ‘returned to the origin and brought something back, something to enrich not only the language but people’s consciousness of who they have been and who they consequently are.’ Other writers, including Basil Bunting and Hugh McDiarmid, held Jones to be one of the best writers of the twentieth century. So why, in Thomas Dilworth’s words, does Jones remain the ‘lost great modernist’?
The preface to Dilworth’s erudite and spirited biography of the poet and artist tackles this question head on. The difficult nature of Jones’ poetry, combined with its length – In Parenthesis and The Anathemata are both book-length poems – have discouraged readers in the past, Dilworth argues. Owing to its unusual form, Jones’ work wasn’t always even considered to be poetry, and when a 1986 book on the modern long poem was published, Jones was left out. As for the poet’s visual art, its complexity makes it ‘impossible to appreciate at first glance’. The fact that Jones was both a visual and verbal artist may also have contributed to his status as a ‘lost’ modernist, with neither side claiming him as their own. Dilworth’s own book, then, seeks to illuminate why, in spite of these historical lacunae, it is worth paying attention to this most extraordinary of artists.
Born to a Welsh-speaking father and London-born mother in south London in 1895, Jones’ artistic talent was precocious. Aged just five, he was ‘making pictures obsessively’, and when he sighted a dancing bear from his window at the age of seven, he quickly sketched it, later finishing the piece from memory. The sketch is, Dilworth claims, ‘the work of a prodigy’. Jones himself noted in 1958 that it was ‘much the best drawing I’ve ever done, which shows how, in the arts, there ain’t no such thing as getting better as you get older!’ Reading, on the other hand, came less naturally to Jones, and he was nine before he was able to read with ease. As an adult reader, he still found that it took time ‘for things to sink in’. Art, then, was his first love, and after periods of ill health as a child, he pursued art school, admiring the work of the Pre-Raphaelites, Blake and Turner. While at certain points in his life he would regret his lack of a grammar-school education, Jones later came to see his escape from it as an advantage. Thanks to his training in visual art, ‘his thinking and imagining remained predominantly spatial, and this would make him… unique among modern poets in his approach to literary form.’
This original approach to writing was partly shaped by the artist/poet’s experience of the First World War. In January 1915, wanting to play a part in history, he enlisted with the Royal Welch Fusiliers. His battalion consisted of Cockneys, Englishmen, and mainly Welsh officers, meaning that he was now ‘immersed in a mixture of Welsh and English languages, accents, idioms, and dispositions’. Already enamoured of the Welsh language – for his sixteenth birthday his father had given him a Welsh-English dictionary, which he studied furiously – his experience of slang and colloquial speech in both languages would feed into his 1937 epic poem In Parenthesis. He liked the lieutenants’ use of words such as ‘chaps’ and ‘blokes’, while other shouted terms found their place in his poem, such as the ‘Well, Bell!’ of an officer calling out to him. In his preface to In Parenthesis, Jones notes that the repetition of other ‘impious and impolite words’, when used during war, ‘reached real poetry’. When WWI ended, Jones had been disappointed by the writing he read which failed to show that conflict was ‘like ordinary life… only more intensified’. ‘Bugger it,’ Jones exclaimed, ‘I can do better than that. I’m going to write a book.’
In the meantime, he was painting. Doing so required ‘fierce concentration’ as Harmon Grieswood noted, with the artist’s ‘whole physical being mobilised’. The early 1930s saw numerous watercolours, with works such as ‘Curtained Outlook’ characteristic of the artist’s floating, airy style. Dilworth calls it a ‘daring picture’ which ‘only just avoids chaos partly by the off-rhyme between window frame and table.’ Another painting praised by Dilworth as ‘successful’ is the slightly earlier ‘Montes et Omnes Colles’, although the muddied, bruise-like tones lend it an air of sadness rather than vibrancy. ‘July Change, Flowers on a Table’, painted in 1932, is a brighter piece, and one which exhibits Jones’ skill in depicting the way we actually see, as the critic Simon Brett has pointed out. That many of these works are views from a window may also reflect the artist’s long periods of window-gazing during childhood illness. Dilworth’s enthusiasm for the art sometimes seems to run away with him, however, as when he praises a rather static-looking painting of trees in ‘Tree at Bowden House’ as ‘wild and free’, or comments on the ‘vitality’ of a beige-toned picture of heads entitled ‘Sunday Mass: In Homage to GM Hopkins’, a work, in my mind, saved only by the beautiful bird hidden in the girl’s hair. Arthur Howell, Jones’ agent in 1925, recognised that ‘[His] pictures were not always easy to grasp at first sight,’ and developed a wonderful technique of leaving the paintings propped up at critics’ desks to give them time to change their minds from hesitancy to absolute conviction regarding his client’s talent. Certainly, the fluidity and intricate detail of Jones’ later works, which often reference the war, as well as his Catholicism, makes them unique. Jones’ engravings, as Dilworth rightly points out later in the book, are also outstanding.
The artist/poet’s work was interrupted by a breakdown in 1932, and in 1968 he would write of the experience that ‘it has persisted’. Finishing any major work would bring on bouts of depression, which he named ‘Rosey’, and when the second world war arrived it seemed almost like ‘a holiday from neurosis’. Jones was captivated by the booming sounds of naval guns in Hyde Park, indicative of the importance that sound had for him in his writing. ‘Unless it sounds right’, he said while testing his writing by reading it aloud, ‘it’s no good at all.’ The pronunciation of Welsh words in The Anathemata, which he finished writing in the 1950s, was also important to him, and he was equally sensitive to voices as having an ‘almost limitless power to deject, repel, bore, or elevate, enchant, console, attract.’
The 1960s saw Jones feeling more dejected than enchanted. He described himself as ‘dry as a bloody dead bone’, the result of prescription medication that ‘all but ended his creative life’. That he was able to create ‘so much intelligent beauty during so many decades of psychological distress’ is ‘probably the greatest existential achievement of international modernism’, Dilworth argues convincingly. His own book is itself a feat, full of vividly recounted detail, careful biographical corrections and enthusiastic criticism. I hope that Dilworth’s publication may make this ‘lost modernist’ slightly less lost, for certainly David Jones, as engraver, soldier, painter, and poet, deserves both recognition and celebration.
Suzannah V Evans is a poet, editor, and critic. She was born in London and studied at the universities of St Andrews and York. Her writing has appeared in the TLS, Eborakon, the London Magazine, the Scores, Time Present, Tears in the Fence, and elsewhere. She has published peer-reviewed work on the acoustics of David Jones’ poetry and is Reviews Editor for the Compass. Additional writing by Suzannah V Evans on David Jones.
previous review: Two Reviews: My Body Welsh & Wear and Tear
next review: Brood by Rhian Edwards, Translating Mountains by Yvonne Reddick and A White Year by Anna Lewis
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Home / Blog / Streams & Videos / Stream Previously Unreleased Thelonious Monk Track off 1963 Lost Live Album
Stream Previously Unreleased Thelonious Monk Track off 1963 Lost Live Album
September 5, 2018 By Sébastien Hélary
This year is sure full of surprises for the jazz community! After John Coltrane’s posthumous album, Both Directions at Once, recently released on the Impulse label, a new previously unheard live album is set to drop from none other than jazz legend Thelonious Monk. Recorded live at Old Fellow Palæet in Copenhagen in 1963 and featuring the pianist’s critically-acclaimed quartet comprised of Charlie Rouse on saxophone, John Ore on double bass, and Frankie Dunlop on drums, (with whom he also recorded Criss-Cross and Monk’s Dream), Mønk is set to drop September 28th via Gearbox Records. The album, which features a mix of Monk originals and standards, including “Monk’s Dream” and “Body and Soul” will be released digitally as well as on CD and vinyl complete with liner notes by pianist Ethan Iverson and jazz writer Stephen Graham. A collector’s edition of the vinyl (limited to 500 copies worldwide) will also be made available with a previously-unpublished, signature-embossed 30 x 30 print of Monk by famed British journalist and photographer Val Wilmer. Stream the Monk classic “Nutty”, the first single from the album, below and pre-order your copy now.
Mønk by Thelonious Monk
Binker and Moses – ‘Alive in the East?’ (Album Review)
Brian Kiwanuka’s Favorite Jazz Albums of 2018
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Rob Shepherd’s Favorite Jazz Albums of 2019
Filed Under: Blog, Streams & Videos Tagged With: Charlie Rouse, Frankie Dunlop, Gearbox, John Ore, Mønk, Thelonious Monk
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The Road Less Traveled: Niall's Musings
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I took…
To write, or not to write?
Tag: Manila
1945 – 2019: 74 Years Since V-J Day Diary of War: Private John Bernard Patrick Byrne (a.k.a “Barney”), HKVDC #4732, and Irish Prisoner of the Japanese in Shamshuipo and Sendai (1941-1945)
December 7, 2013 June 8, 2019 Niall : Two roads diverged in a wood, and I...
Diary of War
Appendix 01: Family background and biography of Barney “John Bernard Patrick” Byrne
Appendix 02: The Fall of Hong Kong – A Personal Experience Xmas 1941 by FRANCIS CRABB, O.B.E., E.D. Ex. Pte. No. 2 (Scottish Coy) H.K.V.D.C.
Appendix 03: Hong Kong’s “Eve of Waterloo”
Appendix 04: Memories of Shamshuipo POW Camp – By Corporal Arthur Gomez, HKVDC # 3053
Appendix 05: “I knew your uncle” Private Byrne HKVDC – By Private Alfredo Jose M Prata, HKVDC #3604 POW #168
Appendix 06: “I was forced to work in a coal mine (Iwake)” – By William James McGrath, Royal Naval Yard Police, Hong Kong
Appendix 07: Barney Byrne and War Taxation in Hong Kong 1940-41
Image 1: POW # 96 Private John Bernard Patrick Byrne – aka Barney – Irish Prisoner of the Japanese – at Yoshima POW Camp Sendai 2B – is seated bottom row – far right. The photograph was taken on 28th August 1945. (Source: http://www.mansell.com)
This is a remarkable account by an extraordinary man, “Uncle” Barney Byrne, a man of tremendous courage and determination who witnessed the initial Japanese bombing of Hong Kong on the morning of Monday 8th December 1941 while reclining in a bath nursing a champagne induced hangover. He’d just spent the previous night celebrating his 30th birthday at the China Red Cross Ball in the Peninsula Hotel several hours before the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbour.
Barney Byrne arrived in Hong Kong in mid-1941 where he was involved in setting up Hong Kong’s original income taxation system, the Hong Kong Government Gazette issue of January 17th, 1941 announcing “15th January, 1941, … No. 65. – His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government has been pleased under section 3 (2) of the War Revenue Ordinance, 1940, to appoint Mr. JOHN BERNARD PATRICK BYRNE, A.S.A.A., B. Com (N.U.I.) to be Examiner, with effect from 10th January 1941“.
Image 2: Hong Kong Government Gazette announcement of John Bernard Patrick Byrne’s appointment as Examiner
[At the onset of the Second World War Britain’s colonies were encouraged to support the war effort which for Hong Kong came down to a financial contribution. Through the emergency fund-raising measure that was the War Revenue Ordinance (WRO) of 1940 the Hong Kong Government aimed to raise £1 million (US$15 million) through a flat rate income tax on business. While it was able to recruit a Commissioner and two Assistant Commissioners to oversee a new Department, the Hong Kong Civil Service and accounting community had no specialists with business or taxation system experience. Subsequently, the Government recruited six Examiners from the UK:
“… six Chartered Accountants, aged 25-30 with experience, since qualifying, in Taxation. These posts were advertised in the UK in professional Journals, interviews were conducted by the Crown agents assisted by top men from the INLAND REVENUE and appointments made on two-year contracts, first class return passages paid for both husband (and wife if any).” http://www.claritaxbooks.com/2012/11/war-taxation-hong-kong-1940-41-2/#comment-1861
Between June and the end of 1940 via flying boat and by sea around the Cape the six appointees eventually amassed in Hong Kong – one was torpedoed en route. However, in early 1941 one Examiner, James MacIntyre left for private practice which paved the way for John Bernard Patrick Byrne’s appointment as Examiner.
While WRO’s operation as Hong Kong’s original taxation system lasted only briefly until the Japanese Imperial Army overran Hong Kong it seems that £1 million was indeed raised for the British war effort before Hong Kong fell. A fascinating account of ‘War Taxation in Hong Kong 1940 to 1941’ (written by Edgar Mathias – one of the six Examiners – and reproduced by Ray Chidell) and Barney Byrne’s pivotal role as one of six Examiners is posted in Appendix 07 of this missive].
As a national of Ireland, which adopted a neutral stance during the Second World War (Note: To learn more about ‘Neutral Ireland and the Axis: Fact or Fiction?’ read https://nialljoreilly.wordpress.com/2013/02/07/2507/), to obtain a ‘Third National Pass’ he could have flashed his Irish passport, avoided internment or fled to the neutral Portuguese colony of Macau and sat out the war there (Note: It didn’t matter if the Irish were from north or south Ireland, the Japanese still treated them as neutrals, or third nationals. Irish clergy such as Cork-born Father Richard Gallagher the Jesuit headmaster of Wah Yan College used their third national status to devote their energies toward helping the sick. Refusing to work with the Japanese, other non-combatant Irish neutrals such as Dr. J. P. Fehilly, a former Senior Health Officer in Hong Kong, and his wife, also a doctor, fled Hong Kong for China via Macau. The non-combatant neutrals who chose to stay put in Hong Kong and work with the Japanese no matter how menial their job, particularly those previously employed by the colonial government in Hong Kong, such as Derry born George Stacey Kennedy-Skipton (the former Secretary for Chinese Affairs and Deputy Controller of Food http://wp.me/p15Yzr-PC), opened themselves to suspicions of collaboration which would prove almost impossible to shake off.). However, Barney had already joined the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) choosing, against overwhelming odds, to fight the Japanese in the Battle of Hong Kong, a lion-hearted yet vain 18-day struggle to save Hong Kong from falling into Japanese hands. He was one of the last 60 brave fighters to lay down their arms on Christmas Day 1941 at Choong Hom Kok after six days of fierce fighting, after which the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) assumed full control over Hong Kong.
Subsequently, Barney Byrne became an Allied Prisoner of War (POW) first serving two and a half years at the notorious Shamshuipo POW Camp in Kowloon before being transported aboard a “hell ship” to Japan. There he spent about 13 months incarcerated at Yoshima POW Camp (Sendai No. 2 Branch Camp (#2-B)), nine months incapacitated by amoebic dysentery (Note: he was laid up at the Shinagawa POW Hospital in Tokyo) and five months used as a slave labourer inside the Iwake coalmine run by the Furukawa Mining Company. Following his liberation in 1945, while awaiting transportation back to Hong Kong via Okinawa and Manila, he wrote on all scraps of paper he picked up around the camp the heartrending letter below to his beloved Auntie Peg describing those forty-two traumatic and brutal months enduring the unendurable in Japanese POW camps.
There is a lot more to Barney. After the war he returned to Hong Kong determined to play an active role in rebuilding the colony’s business infrastructure. In 1949 he set up what was to become a leading accounting and auditing firm in Hong Kong: John B P Byrne & Co, certified public accountants, on Ice House Street (Note: Now known as JBPB & Co, and operating as a subsidiary of BDO Limited in Hong Kong. JBPB was formerly known as Grant Thornton Hong Kong, while in the 1980’s it was known as Byrne & Co., and KMG [Klynveld Main Goedeler] Byrne).
He was also recommended and canvassed for the role of Honorary Consul of Ireland to Hong Kong [The Irish Hospitals’ Sweepstake was a lottery established in Ireland in the 1930s to finance hospitals and medical services. Since Ireland was too small to raise sufficient funds a considerable amount of the funds were raised in the UK and USA, often among Irish emigrants. Even though it was illegal to purchase tickets outside of Ireland, through the black market millions were sold in the US, the UK, and UK territories such as Hong Kong. In the initial consultation for Honorary Consul Barney professed to possess a few unused ticket books and under the circumstances withdrew himself from further deliberations].
Barney suffered a heart attack inside the Hong Kong Club on 10th April 1956, likely exacerbated by complications relating to beriberi dietary deficiency disease, the single most prevalent and debilitating disease reported by POWs in Japan. He was just over 43 years old and is buried along side his beloved wife Phyllis Christine Read in the Roman Catholic Cemetery of Saint Michael (Grave #2965A) in Happy Valley, Hong Kong [See Appendix 01 – Family background and biography of Barney “John Bernard Patrick” Byrne].
[Niall Note: The original version of the letter below is verbatim].
“X Camp in Japan, [Note: Yoshima / Sendai #2-B POW Camp, Iwake, Fukushima, Honshu Island] 17th August, 1945. [Note: A Friday, 11 days after the dropping of the ‘Little Boy’ Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, 8 days after ‘Fat Man‘ Atomic Bomb explosion over Nagasaki and the Soviet Red Army invasion of Manchuria, 2 days after Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s unconditional surrender, thus ending the Second World War]
Dear Peg,
At last more or less free. Am writing this two days after we were informed of the Armistice and we ceased our work in slavery as it might have been called.
Firstly, let me introduce the poster or bearer of this letter. Chief Petty Office, Terry Ashcroft of Minane Bridge, Cork, a fellow % inmate of this Camp. Terry was captured when his ship, the Repulse , was torpedoed [Note: Following a Japanese air attack battle-cruiser HMS Repulse sank off Malaysia 10th December 1941 with the loss of 508 crew members] . His wife and family live in Cork, so he will be posting home full steam ahead – being also time-ex in the Navy – and he may be able to call at Kilcullen in person.
Right, now for me! At present I am as well and fit as ever I have been; unwounded, unmaimed and free from disease. Extraordinarily lucky, thank God, as I’ve seen friends killed and died from every known cause, while self kept on going.
I’d best first give you a short sketch of the past forty-two months in chronological order.
Image 3: Japanese troops attacking Hong Kong from Shenzhen Source / read more: http://www.hillmanweb.com
Outbreak of the war found me in bath with said hangover after a hectic birthday weekend coinciding with the preliminaries of War. Birthday party – big Ball for the China Red Cross in Hong Kong’s biggest Hotel [Note: The Peninsula Hotel] interrupted hourly by loudspeaker announcements calling men back to action stations, ships crews to report on board immediately. Hectic scenes of parting, two Jazz bands – champagne on tick – money no object – the Eve of Waterloo [See Appendix 3 – Hong Kong’s “Eve of Waterloo” below] all over again. And I wake up next morning with a bad hangover and am suffering in the bath when the Japs start dive bombing and machine gunning the airport [Note: Kai Tak Airport. ” …. The air was thick with smoke that hung over both Hong Kong and Kowloon. The smell of cordite filled nostrils and burned the eyes. Fires burned everywhere”….Source / read more: http://battleofhongkong.com/index-9.html] half a mile down the road. Out of bath – into uniform and I was sitting behind my machine gun within two hours. [Note: “The Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Force under the command of Colonel Henry Rose was, according to some, “an old boys club, better suited to playing bridge or cricket than to fighting a war”. They were, for the most part, machine gun companies, anti-aircraft, and coastal defense artillery batteries. They aged from 19 to 60 years” – Source / read more: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/14/a4642814.shtml. HKVDC deployed 5 machine gun companies each equipped with a Vickers machine gun.]
Image 4: Japanese Propaganda war poster to demoralise the Hong Kong defenders – The Japanese dropped bombs and propaganda leaflets at the same time. The literature was separately aimed at Chinese, Indian and British/Canadian/HKVDC soldiers. Source: http://www.hillmanweb.com
Image 5: Japanese Propaganda war poster to demoralise the Hong Kong defenders – Source: http://www.hillmanweb.com
In the first twelve days our sector was cushy, just the odd shell or so, aeroplanes now and then, but cushy, then in the next six days [Note: when on the evening of 18th December 1941 Japanese troops, having seized control of Kowloon and following the rejection of two demands for surrender, crossed over to their ultimate objective, Hong Kong Island, landing at Northpoint] your nephew ate not neither did he sleep but unlike 60% of our Company, he kept his hide intact [Note: Barney was in HKVDC No.2 Company (2 Coy), which was in the thick of the action. Dressed in summer uniforms – khaki drill shorts and jacket; battle dress being a luxury for the HKVDC during one of Hong Kong’s coldest winters facing freezing conditions at night – they has to forage for food and water]. The general surrender [Note: Christmas Day 1941] found Barney back to the last bit of coast line [Note: Choong Hom Kok (or as it was known in 1941 – Choong Am Kok) an area in south Hong Kong island, to the west of Stanley] and a few hours more of resistance would have spelt finish for me [Note: For Barney, having witnessed so many brave comrades in arms die during those six days, with dozens of captured or surrendering HKVDC having been bayoneted and beheaded before being tossed into sea from from the cliffs around Repulse Bay, the news the Governor of Hong Kong, Mark Aitchison Young, had surrendered to the Japanese would have been absolutely calamitous. Under his breath, suppressing the guilt of having survived and then surrendering to those responsible for the horror and cruelty, he may well have soundlessly asked himself, what was the point of their sacrifice and what had their deaths achieved? ].
Image 6: Burning Hong Kong – December 1941 – from http://www.battleofhongkong.com
Image 7: Daily Express December 20, 1941
Then the Prison Camp horror began and starvation begun. I’ve now been hungry for forty three months and truly and literally I and the others have not had a decent meal or a full belly all that time.
I and most others quickly developed beri-beri in the Hong Kong camp [See Appendix 04 – Memories of Shamshuipo POW Camp – by Alfred Gomez]. I, after three months from the unvaried diet of plain boiled rice and a spoonful of green vegetable water three times a day. We lost a lot of men in that H.K. Camp [Note: the notorious death camp – Shamshuipo POW Camp for regular British soldiers, RAF and HKVDC. “The food situation at Shamshuipo was bad from the start, and with the exception of a few cases of short term improvement, remained about the same for throughout the duration of the imprisonment. At first the rations for each man included about a pound of rice and half a pound of vegetables a day, and seven ounces of sugar and less than a pound of peanut oil a month. The rice was of inferior quality and almost always infested with worms. Often it was swept up from warehouse floors and had to be soaked to make the matchsticks, paper and other rubbish float to the top of the water. The Japanese left it up to the imagination and efforts of the prisoners to cook, and, in many cases capture their own food.” (1) Source / read more: http://www.hkvca.ca/teacherszone/teacher_content/POW%20Training%20Guide.pdf], around 500 poor devils pegged out from malnutrition diseases of one type or another. I’d both beri-beri and pellagra several times but managed to shake them off – but the weaker constitutions of others couldn’t stand it. I also managed to get rid of one go of malaria – bad – knocked me back for months down to 135 lbs. [Note: 61.2 kg / 9.6 st] weight, both bacillary dysentery and amoebic dysentery, and jaundice.
I and many others owe our lives to the Red Cross, who managed to get supplied of tinned meat, Indian meal, cocoa, dried fruit and three parcels per man to Hong Kong. These few extras saved thousands of lives for by the time they arrived we had all gone terribly low and in our camp the bugle was blowing last Post seven or eight times a day. You have no idea of the improvement that took place in the men when we started getting a bit of meat per day. Three or four ounces a day did the trick. We were left very much alone in Hong Kong by the Japs who gave the internal running of the Camp to our officers who had to supply so many men for working parties per day. But apart from a hellish burst of slavery on the clearing of a new airport for about four months [Note: This would be a reference to the extension of the Kai Tak airfield and the building of two paved crossing runways. Slave labour clearing work included: clearing out nullahs; dismantling the Royal Air Force Hanger; manhandling bombs weighing 500 lbs and 1,000 lbs; and the blasting and complete levelling, using shovels, of Sacred Hill in Ma Tau Chung above Kowloon Bay. Several POWs were killed by landslides], the two and a half years in H. K. were not unduly tough, apart from the dirt hunger and disease.
Image 8: Guardian Angels – Relatives and friends with parcels for POWs in Shamshuipo, waiting to have them examined by the Japanese (Source / read more: http://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Catalog/Additional/roland_long.shtml British Red Cross Archives). Frequently, the Japanese took the best from the parcels for themselves.
I was getting ahead. I must mention what I owe to my pal Komoisky (the White Russian lad I shares a flat with in peace-time) [Note: Private Anatole ‘Komo’ Komorsky HKVDC #3632] and his noble mother Zenis [Note: Russian emigres with tsarist sympathies, White Russians, first arrived in Hong Kong from the eastern regions of Russia following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution]. He was also in the Camp with me and his mother was free and she managed (how I still don’t know) to send us a small parcel of food every week. Two, three time of meat or fish and some fruit and little cookies. Poor woman, she must have been beggared by the war also, and how she was able to keep up this supply I still don’t know. [Note: Most “guardian angels”, as such benefactors were called, sold their possessions to purchase food for the POWs] Anyway Komo shared everything with me – and eventually, when in Oct. 1943 I, by bamboo post induced a French merchant in Hong Kong to stake me to two food parcels per month, and Yen 25, this transaction also, used, was very much facilitated by Madame Komoisky’s aid. I owe these two Russians, mother and son, more than I could ever forget to repay. Anyway, these extra parcels and money kept coming from Oct. ’43 to May ’44 and really tided me over a bad period of hunger and illness. [Note: “Barney and Komo remained close friends after the war even though Komo didn’t stay in HK and even met up several times in London. He was fascinating company and I was fortunate enough to have had a couple of very enjoyable dinners with him and Phyllis in Hong Kong. Komo was really shattered when he heard of Barney’s sudden death. Death” – Barbara Komorsky, wife of Anatole “Komo” Komorsky, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 2nd December 2002. Komo died in September 1999. Barbara passed away on 18th November 2011]
Image 9: ‘Drafts from Shamshuipo” sketch by CL Rozario – Prisoners from Shamshuipo POW Camp were transported to Japan in six drafts from September 1942. Private J B P Byrne, HKVDC # 4732 was on the last hell ship which departed in April 1944.
In May ’44 I, with 200 others were drafted to Japan and luckily for us we got through without swimming and from what I subsequently learned from that time onwards the blockade of Japan by U.S. subs became deadly. Again I seem to have escaped by a very close margin. [Note: On the 29th April 1944, having been drafted as forced labour in Japan, 47 Canadians (Source: http://www.oocities.org/canadianhongkongveteran/NauraMaruList.html, 58 British Regulars, and 115 HKVDC, including Barney Byrne, (otherwise known as transport draft XD6, the final draft of POWs to depart from Hong Kong for Japan, which was under the command of Captain James Robinson, RAMC) boarded the rusting “hell ship” SS Naura Maru. With no symbols to indicate it was transporting POWs, the freighter was under constant threat, an easy target for allied attack.]
I could write a book on that voyage, nevertheless. 200 men crowded into the dirty, filthy, stinking hold of a 200 ton tramp steamer. When they herded us in at Hong Kong they would give no chance to clean the place at first and the place was thick with indescribable filth. We slept on tiers around the bulkheads head to toe, no room to turn at night – the only latrine was on deck and 25% of us, me included had dysentery within a week. They turned a hose on once a day for a short while. If you were quick enough you might get a wash. [Note: A sense of the horrendous circumstances endured en route by POWs huddled in suffocating, cramped, unsanitary conditions is borne out in the following notice that was posted in broken English on all prison ships.
REGULATIONS FOR PRISONERS
Commander of F.Q.W. Escort
Navy of the Great Japanese Empire
The prisoners disobeying the following orders will be punished with immediate death:
Those disobeying orders to instructions.
Those showing a motion to antagonism by raising a sign of opposition
Those disobeying the regulations by individualism egoism, thinking only about yourself or rushing for your own good.
Those talking without permission and raising loud voices.
Those walking and moving without orders.
Those who carry unnecessary baggage in disembarking .
Those resisting mutually.
Those touching the boats material, wires, lights, tools, switches, et
Those shoving action of running away from the room or boat
Those climbing the ladder without permission.
Those taking more meal than given him.
Those using more than blankets.
Since the boat is not well equipped and inside being narrow, food being scarce and poor you’ll feel uncomfortable during the escort time on the boat. Those losing patience and disordering the regulations will be punished for the reason of not being able to escort.
Be sure to finish “nature’s call”. Evacuate the bowels and urine before embarking.
Meal will be given twice a day. One plate only to one prisoner. the prisoners called by the guard will give out meal as quick as possible and honestly. The remaining prisoners will stay in their places quietly and wait for your plate. Those moving from their places, reaching for your plate without order will be heavily punished. Same orders will be applied to handling plates after meal.
Toilet will be fixed in four corners of the roam, the buckets and cans will be placed, when filled up a guard will appoint a prisoner. The prisoner called will take the buckets to the center of the room. The buckets will be pulled up by the derrick to be thrown away. Toilet paper will be given. Everyone must co-operate to make the sanitary. Those being careless will be punished.
The navy of the Great Japanese Empire will not try to punish you all with death. Those obeying all rules and regulations and delivering the action and purpose of the Japanese Navy; co-operating with Japan in constructing the Nev Order of the Greater Asia which leads to the world peace, will be well treated. The Great Japanese Empire will rise to govern the world.
Source: ‘Britain at War’, by Ron Taylor, http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Hell_Ships/html/regulations_for_prisoners.htm] They fed us twice a day, not badly as we know bad feeding, but after 14 days in that hold, we were damn glad to see Japan. Afterwards I found out it was a pleasure cruise compared to some of the hell voyages other prisoners suffered [Note: – Many of the Japan POW camp survivors described their time aboard these “hell ships” as the most horrible experience of their incarceration:
– “..Conditions aboard the transports were appalling… Hundreds… of men wearing little more than rags, were packed, “like sardines in a can” into unlit, unventilated, cargo holds… water was dispensed by the spoonful, or the POWs went with none at all. Food… (was) particularly ill-suited for men suffering diarrheal diseases. Sanitation was almost non-existent… Dysentery spread rapidly as waste flowed throughout the spaces where men ate, lay, and slept…“(1) (Source / read more: https://sites.google.com/site/powsofthejapanese/Home/hellships-information-photos/the-hellships-an-overview). “Crowded onto cramped platforms, with barely enough space to turn around, a mass of unwashed bodies struggling to survive in a sea of sweat and revolting smells in the stifling heat of the holds…“(2) (Source / read more: http://www.pows-of-japan.net/articles/26.htm )
– Allied submarines and aircraft frequently targeted the unmarked POW transports: The second ‘draft’ freighter SS Lisbon Maru, also unmarked, had carried some 800 Japanese troops clearly visible on board. Down in the squalid cargo holds were 1,834 British and Canadian POWs. “My lot was right on the bottom of the number two hold…..And being on the bottom, we were inundated by faeces falling from the people above…”(1). On 1st October 1942 the Lisbon Maru was sunk by the USS Grouper (SS-214): “…. the Japanese command battened down the hatches on the three holds and then stretched tarpaulin and set up a machine-gun post to shoot any escapees. As the ship went down, 10 Japanese vessels in the area came to its aid, ferrying off the 778 Japanese soldiers. But the British prisoners were left behind, frantically trying to pump water out of their holds….” (2) Over 800 POWs died in the sinking. Source (1) and (2)/ read more: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9575914/The-last-survivor-of-the-Lisbon-Maru.html#]
Image 10 / Map 01: From hell ship to hell camp: POW Barney Byrne’s train journey route of over 1,200 kilometres from (A) Moji Port Shimonoseki, south west Japan to (B) Yoshima (Sendai 2-B) POW Camp, Yoshima-mura (village), near Iwaki-gun (city) in Fukushima-ken (prefecture), over 200 kilometres north east of Tokyo (27th May to 30th May 1944)
Arriving in Japan at Moigi-Shemonizek [Note: Port of Moji, which faces Shimonoseki, is located 825 kilometres south of Tokyo] we entrained in luxury, soft seats and three meals per day, and arrived in Tokyo thirty six hours later, changed trains at Tokyo and at the end of a further eight hours arrived at this camp, and our hearts sank as we got our first view of the top works of a coal mine. [Note: The SS Naura Maru docked and offloaded the sixth and final ‘draft’ transportation of 220 POWs from Shamshuipo at the port city of Moji on 27th May 1944, having stopped over in Formosa (Taiwan), likely the Port of Takao (Kaohsiung). From there the prisoners were transported over 1,400 kilometres via Nagasaki and Hiroshima to Yoshima Branch Camp (later known as ‘Sendai 2-B’) in Fukushima-ken (prefecture) where they were contracted out by the Japanese War Ministry to work as slave labourers in the Iwaki (Yuwaki) coal mine run by the Furukawa Mining Company (Note: The company today operates as Furukawa Co. Ltd http://www.furukawakk.co.jp/e_index.htm Furukawa Kikai Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha 古河機械金属株式会社, one of Japan’s 15 largest industrial groups. A leading producer of rock drilling machinery and other industrial machinery, Furukawa also owns Fujitsu, the world-leading IT services. Furukawa would have paid a fee to the IJA for the right to exploit the POWs by forcing them to labour under horrendous conditions at its Iwaki (Yuwaki) coal mine. Brutal Furukawa employees deployed as auxiliary guards and jailers also subjected the POWs to constant inhumane abuse. Yet, 72 years later, Furukawa Group, which operated and profited from the POWs who slaved in its coal mines has yet to an apology or acknowledgement of its actions). The coal mine had been closed until the POWs arrived. The reason it had been previously closed was because it deemed unsafe for mining operations, but now was considered good enough for expendable POWs to work in (source / read more: “Long Night’s Journey Into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan” by Charles G Roland. Barney was POW #96 in a camp of 246 POWS, including 101 British, 67 Portuguese (Hong Kong Macanese Volunteer POWs) , 46 Canadian, 17 American, and 15 other nationalities, including Irish, Australian, Polish, French, Dutch, Norwegian, Swede and Czech POWs. It is worth noting the SS Naura Maru was sunk by a B-24 bomber in late 1944. Source: http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Hell_Ships/html/departure_database_130.htm]
Yeah, I’ve been in the mines and what a Fred Karno mine. [Note: Fred Karno was the stage name for Frederick John Westcott (1866 – 1941) an English comedian. In the age of silent comedy Charlie Chaplin and Arthur Jefferson (Stan Laurel) worked with him as part of “Fred Karno’s Army”, which became an expression was used to describe a disorganised group or organisation.] But later I had amoebic dysentery from the boat voyage — the luckiest disease I ever got. It kept me out of that mine for nine months and it’s not a very severe type of illness, but, luckily exertion causes acute outbursts. Eventually, on 19th December I was sent to Tokyo POW so-called hospital. [Note: Most likely the notorious Shinagawa POW Hospital, where seriously ill patients from each branch POW camp were treated and where “doctors deliberately bled American prisoners to death in order to obtain blood transfusions for Japanese” Source / read more: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/2644031?searchTerm=&searchLimits=l-publictag=American+Prisoners+Shinagawa+Hospital. Moreover, at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial (1946-1948) the US Army the medical officer and director of the hospital were prosecuted for conducting human experiments on POWs] I am one of the few people who got cured there before they starved to death. The Japs gave the patients short rations and the doctors — RAMC [Note: Royal Army Medical Corps] and American — and the orderlies, also of both nationalities, made this worse by allowing the most corrupt organization I have ever witnessed to function unmolested. Those doctors and staff, robbed their patients to an incredible extent, of the meagre rations allowed by the Japs. [Note: Nefarious activities, those falling outside the realm of normal medical practice, carried out by medical personnel also aroused anger at the Shamshuipo POW Camp. Although tasked with collecting the IDs and personal effects of the deceased, POWs suspected medical personnel of being more interested in tending to the dying rather than the sick in order to steal a patient’s personal valuables following his demise. The RAMC was known as “Rob All My Comrades”. Source / read more: ” ‘Memoirs’ – Cicero Rozario’s P. O. W. Memoirs”] There must be an enquiry into the running of that joint after the war. But they did have US Red Cross supplies of medicine and a drug called Carbosil cured me, and I was discharged after three months and arrived back in this camp on March 12th this year. Incidentally, during my stay in Tokyo, the Yankee B29s were knocking blazes out of that city, making my third residence in a capital city under bombing [Note: On the night of 9/10 March 1945 U.S. General Curtis LeMay, Commander of the 21st Bomber Command in the Pacific, sent 334 B-29 Super Flying Fortresses low over Tokyo where they unleashed a massive bombing with 2,300 tonnes incendiary napalm bombs. Well over 100,000 inhabitants were killed and 15.8 square miles of Tokyo were destroyed “… probably more persons lost their lives by fire at Tokyo in a 6-hour period than at any time in the history of man. People died from extreme heat, from oxygen deficiency, from carbon monoxide asphyxiation, from being trampled beneath the feet of stampeding crowds, and from drowning. The largest number of victims were the most vulnerable: women, children and the elderly…” (Source: United States Strategic Bombing Survey). Barney, newly discharged from the POW hospital and on his way back to Yoshima would surely have witnessed the carnage and destruction, while the ensuing despair of its residents, and, perhaps, the pall of death that would have hung over the burning capital, would have left him beyond doubt that the tide had turned decisively against the Japanese].
Image 11: A slave labourer working inside the Iwake coalmine run by the Furukawa Mining Company (Photo Source: http://www.mansell.com)
From the 20th March to 16th August I have been working in this mine without a day’s illness or any injury serious enough to earn me a day’s excused duty. Nine working days per shift, one day’s rest. Day shift went to work at 6 a.m. returned at about 4 pm. Night shift went down 4.30 p.m. and usually didn’t get back until 4 a.m. rarely back at 2.30 a.m. Often since the air raids started we stayed down until 6 a.m. and changed over with the day shift going down. Some hours, and most of the work in badly ventilated shafts where you worked stark naked because of the heat. And I’m fit and hard as nails as I’ve never been before. No fat, of course, 10st. and 4 lbs. to-day. [Note 20: According to Alfredo Prata — See Appendix 5: “I knew your uncle” Private Byrne HKVDC” — Barney “… worked with Theo Ingram in the mess/mine team as ‘line cleaners’ keeping all rail- lines completely free of ‘falls’ which, if un-cleared, would/could (and in some cases of deliberate acts) un-rail coal-filled-wagons on their way up to the top 800+metres to the mine-head..” Later on in this letter Barney mentions having used a “pneumatic drill“, which suggests that in the coalmine his daily work roster was all-embracing. A fellow POW Australian William James McGrath described the dangers of the mine in more detail “…The work I consider was very dangerous for inexperienced men, and conditions were very bad with no safety precautions. Coal dust was almost unbearable and ventilation non existent: The use of explosives by inexperienced men constantly endangered the lives of those working underground. We were told each day the number of trucks of coal to be got out, and were forced to remain in the mine until the stated number were produced irrespective of the hours worked. On several occasions after attention by Medical Officer when suffering from dysentery, I was ordered by the Japanese Medical Officer to go down the mine and work, and I was then forced to go…” read more in Appendix 06 “I was forced to work in (Iwake) Coal Mine” by POW William James McGrath, Royal Naval Yard Police, Hong Kong]
Image 12: “Korin” (sic), Koryan, also known as Kaoliang, Gaoliang (Chinese) or red sorghum (millet)
The food here has been miserable for the work we did. Today’s meals typical – Breakfast, a bowl of grain rice, twenty percent, beans (soya) 20%, and a rough grain called Korin, 60%, and a bean soup for breakfast. [Note: Used as a substitute for rice, “Korin” (sic), Koryan, also known as Kaoliang, Gaoliang (Chinese) or red sorghum (millet), was almost devoid of niacin (vitamin B3) resulting in many POWs, including Barney, becoming infected with the vitamin deficiency disease Pellagra.] Midday — grain ditto and two spoonfuls of curried beans. Evening — grain ditto and seaweed soup [Note: miso-soup]. Tomorrow we have some fresh veg. cucumber and carrot thinnings — all tops and no carrot. Tops of carrots go into soup and have a bloody bad flavour. Meat once per shift, a spoonful per man, if you’re lucky. Fish we used to get about twice a week, but since the Yanks moved into the sea round here, fish disappeared from the menu.
My good condition I attribute to the Soya beans, we have been fed. Yes, this Soya bean is the answer. It seems to be a complete diet in itself as before they introduced it into our diet, our fellows here went down very badly, and since its introduction everybody has improved enormously. You know this bean perhaps as Heinz Pork and Beans in tins at home — but don’t ever sneer at ’em.
Seven of the original 200 have died here, six more or less from causes attributable to malnutrition and one killed in the mine by a collapse [Note: According to the POW Research Network 8 POWs died at Sendai 2-B camp: 3 British, 1 American, 1 Dutch, 1 Canadian and 2 others – Source / read more: http://www.powresearch.jp/en/archive/powlist/catalogue.html. Prior to boarding and enduring the appalling conditions on the Naura Maru the POWs were already physically weak, and if the war had lasted even two or three months longer more would have died. As alluded to by Barney further on in this letter the Japanese were already facing severe shortages towards the end of the war]. How more weren’t killed down there, nobody knows. Providence I guess, and also, as the mine was so obviously dangerous, crazily dangerous, everybody developed a sixth sense of awakeness to danger. The damn shafts collapsed daily — no exaggeration. The Japs have no idea of doing a job well, and only patch up where we would demand a thorough repair job. However, it’s over now, thank the Lord.
Image 13: The Iwake coalmine run by the Furukawa Mining Company (Photo Source: http://www.mansell.com)
We lived here in a wooden stockaded camp in two huts, 100 each hut, sleeping in two tiers of tatami [Note: straw mattresses] boarding, Jap style, of course. You sleep on the boards, roll up your blankets during the day and eat and sit around on the bed space. [Note: According to http://www.mansell.com/pow-index.html the POW “camp was reported to be the former dormitories of a coal mining company…“. Alfredo Prada, at the end of this missive, in Appendix 05: “I knew your uncle…” refers to John B P Byrne‘s tatami “bunk mates” in Hut #2 while offering a sense of the size of each hut.] We have been relatively free here from positive ill-treatment, beating ups etc. being few and far between. During the last few months, we have been under the rule of one of the few really civilized Japanese NCOs I have ever met. The first one we had here for eight months was an ignorant savage who made life a misery for us by his fantastic ideas and plans. Instance — many men had badly swollen legs and feet (beri-beri) and he insisted that the poor devils take off their shoes after parade at 4.30 am and walk so many times round the yard barefooted. He really believed this was good for beri-beri. That sort of thing damn near drove some of us mad. His mad ideas actually resulted in the deaths of a couple of men here. Some of the Jap underlings here and the foremen in the mines were also bastards of the first water, as, irrespective of what you have heard, the Jap is still what we regard as an uncivilised person. [Note: Inside the POW camp and on the march to the coalmine guarding the POWs was the responsibility of the IJA, while at the coalmine the POWs were the responsibility of Furukawa mining company guards] The officer class have a veneer of civilization, but the poorer class as a whole are still hundreds of years behind. Unfortunately our immediate contacts were with the uncivilised majority and, until we got to understand their mentality a little, we suffered accordingly.
At present we are just lounging about anxiously awaiting some Yank or British troops to walk in, bringing some real food and a few smokes. We still have Jap army guards, but now so solicitous for our safety that they won’t even allow us outside camp to the local village to draw rations for fear of trouble. Incidentally, we all have plenty of money, but it is quite useless and has been as long as we have been in this country. Nobody sells anything for money, but a woollen pullover or socks or a shirt will always produce a few fags or eggs or fruit or salt. Naturally, we haven’t much left of that nature at present, though your nephew has been trying to flog his winter pullover, overcoat, three razor blades and a bar of US Red Cross soap all day without much success as the market is flooded by the boys unloading everything at once on to the impoverished guards. Damn it all, I can’t even get three eggs, forty cigarettes and a handful of garlic for my overcoat, and I’m so annoyed with the little yellow b. who insists that he can’t get eggs, that I won’t give him the coat at his price, which substitutes four peaches for the eggs. The coat incidentally, is a really good British Naval Duffle coat, camel hair, with hood and the poor little Jap wants it like hell, but, like them all, he has nothing to give for it. They are in the same boat here, and poverty such as you at home cannot realise is the common lot. Any of these villagers could be transported to Kilcullen and keep himself and a large family well fed on what we normally throw away.
This letter is getting out of hand. When I can get hold of a pretty stenographer somewhere, I’ll hire her for a few hours to take down a letter, telling everything, and have it typed out properly. My hand is not as good with a pen nowadays, being more accustomed to a pneumatic drill.
As regards mail. I have written to you about 12-14 times altogether, twice to J.J. Jun. I have received four letters from you and one postcard the other day, apparently posted last January. As you said nearly the whole family had written the months previously, presumably Xmas, 8 months to come. To-day, to my joy, comes a cable from J.J. Senr. [Note: Barney’s “Uncle Jim” being James Byrne Senior, my mother’s father, my grandfather – See Appendix 01: Family background and biography of Barney “John Bernard Patrick” Byrne] giving news of Tom’s marriage [Note 23: Tom “Tomsie” Byrne, my mother’s brother, married Carmel Murray]. That one shook me, I’ll say but attaboy Tom: and all the luck in the world lad. My regards to Mrs. Tom. God, its hard to believe: Thanks to Uncle Jim for the cable. He’ll never know what it means to get something like that in this dump.
That’s all the mail I’ve got in the time I’ve been a prisoner. Up to now, of course, I’ve always been limited to so many words or letters per line per letter so this, my first free letter, is just running away with me. At this point they turned out the lights, so I retired to the fleas.
Next Morning [Note: Saturday 18th August 1945].
Reveille 5.30 am [Note: a bugle sounded to wake up the POWs]. Daylight, an hour later than our accustomed hour of arising: Breakfast 6 am. Carrot top soup viz boiled carrot tops and a little salt flavouring. Never could go carrot tops — they’re foul, so just eat my bowl of Cereals and beans. Our main cereal called here Korin [Note: Koryan] is, we think, millet and uncooked; it looks exactly like the very small purple bird seeds which I remember on sale at home in penny packets.
Incidentally, this country has a glorious climate and this morning is a beauty: sunny, warm and still fresh. I wouldn’t object to living in Japan under good conditions and a nice income.
A few words about personnel in Camp. Total 242 – 100 English- Scots, 50 Canadians, 16 Americans, 75 Portuguese from H.K. Rest Norwegian, Danish, Czech, Romanian, Aussie.
Five Irish included. [Note: In addition to Barney, Terry Ashcroft, John Cawley, and Pelly Murphy (as noted in the following paragraph), other Irish POWs interned at the Sendai #2-B POW Camp were: Gunner Norman Lionel Leonard, HKVDC #2628, POW #95, who lived in Hong Kong [Note: One of five Leonard family members of the HKVDC who survived – Source: “Hong Kong Volunteer & Ex-PoW Association of NSW Occasional Paper No. 12 Families in Arms, Sydney. December 2012”]; and Private Felix Fred A. Dunnett, HKVDC #2098, POW #97, who lived in Long Beach, California, USA. The only POW listed in the camp roster under the surname “Matthews” was Private C.L. Matthews, Royal Army Ordinance Corps #7641928, and POW #252, whose home address is listed as Luton, UK. Sergeant Alfred Bertram Clemo, HKVDC, DR #178, POW#14, is listed as being from Warrenpoint, Co. Down, Northern Ireland, Lance Corporal Desmond Alva Hynes, HKVDC #2585, POW#43, of London, was the son of an Irishman]
Terry Ashcroft (bearer of letter) [Note: Chief Petty OfficerW.T. Stoker Ashcroft, HMS Repulse, Royal Navy #D/K66889, POW #223, Minane bridge, Carrigalane, Co. Cork], Paddy Matthews of Macroom, John Cauley of Sligo [Note: Private John Cawley, RAMC #7262798, POW #202, Ballymore, Co. Sligo] and my friend Pelly Murphy [Note: Sergeant John Pelly Murphy #1 Company HKVDC #260, POW #20] of Laxton, Bray. Asst. Crown Solr. H.K. Pappa Murphy and Mallin Solrs. Ely Place [Note: Likely Murphy & Mallins Solicitors]. Please get in touch with them on receipt of this. Poor old Murph. Was not one of the robust type and highly strung. Working in the mine has nearly driven him crackers and to cap all, about June 26th he and I were working together in a small gang and a collapse caught Murphy and he’s still lying in the little so called hospital with a broken leg which from want of proper attention does not seem to be getting better and now, I think its going to be a long job, getting that leg right again. He is very worried about his fate being helpless as he is. His great fear is being sent to some military hospital for months and of having his discharge from the volunteers [Note: HKVDC] withheld pending the fixing of his leg. If this gets home before he can get in touch with his people, it would be nice of someone to get in touch with his people who may be able to wield a bit of influence to get his discharge expedited and his transfer to a civilian hospital. He is a ranker same as me and we’re both a bit tired of the treatment meted out to other ranks especially in military medical circles. [Note: In 1947 the Colonial Office appointed John Pelly Murphy a member of the executive Council of the Gambia. In 1956 the Queen appointed him, in his capacity as Attorney General of Zanzibar to be a Pusine Judge of Her Majesty’s Supreme Court of Kenya]. We’re all just hanging around waiting for something to happen and keeping our eye on the front gate hoping for the first glimpse of a Yank marine or coughboy [Note: a US infantryman] with a gun on his shoulder marching in. We’ve no idea when this is going to happen but we hope very soon – to-day maybe. When we move or to where or how we have no idea, but I’ll let you have further news later.
I must finish off this letter now. Its a pretty crappy sketch of 31/2 years of a man’s life, but someone is bound to write a book about P.O.W. life under the aegis of His Imp. Japanese Majestices forces and its going to be grim reading, so get a copy early. From what I heard in the Tokyo Hospital, we Hong Kong prisoners were lucky compared to the Malayan and Philipine prisoners who were decimated by disease, starvation, and brutality. The stories told by fellows who were drafted to Thailand to build a railroad through the jungle to Burma just don’t seem credible. [Note: The construction by the Japanese using slave labour of the 415 kilometres long Thailand – Burma Railway, also known as the Death Railway, caused the deaths of 16,000 Allied POWS and 90,000 Asian labourers]. Incidentally, Don Kennedy, my Dublin pal, whom I was instrumental in sending to Malay was one of the unfortunates who built said railroad. I met a Singapore in Tokyo who knew Don in Thailand, and the last news he had was that Din was O.K. and safely back in base camp in Sarjon after the railroad had been completed. I guess Don stands a good chance of being all right now. His father is Surgeon Kennedy of St. Vincent’s (Butcher K.). It might also be nice to pass on this to his people.
Now for your first real letter to me. I know Jim married Monica. Tom is married to whom? Mamie married to? (I forgot his name) Red headed chap from Caragh direction – know him well. No news of any births or deaths in the family. Thank God for the latter. What does J.J. Senr. in his cablegram mean by Kilgowan unchanged? [Note: Barney was brought up in the townland of Kilgowan / Castlefish in Kilcullen parish, Co. Kildare] Paddy Boland to Rita Hughes, Dan Boland to Kitty Fitzpatrick, Andy O’Connell to ? Jack Dardis to Julia, that’s about everything I know about home. Aunt Mary wasn’t too well? But nothing else, and God, I want to know everything. How did Byrne business boom during the war period? Everything I want to know. Do what I intend to do hire a stenographer for a few hours and start dictating to her and air mail result.
As to my intentions in the future. I’ll be going back to Hong Kong, I presume, for a while — short while, I hope, before I start making tracks for the old country. It’ll be a hard choice for me to make, as I’m more homesick now than ever I was as a small boy first term in College [Note: A reference to the Dominican Order run Newbridge College, in Co. Kildare where Barney attended school]. But there is a ground floor in that new Hong Kong and China that’s about to arise, and there must be room there for Bar. So I’m going back post haste to grab a niche or a slab while the grabbing’s good. Tell J.J. and family in general to await developments, as there’s bound to be a lot of stuff floating around which might be saleable at home, and I hope to get some of that said stuff home post haste. Regarding finance, I think I’m going to be pretty well off as previous to the outbreak of war, Hong Kong Government legislated for the payment of salaries to employees during any period of service with colours. £2,400 for Barney now may give me a fair start in a field where all starters will be maidens. But with modern air services functioning, I think I may make a trip home at a pretty early date.
Cheerio for the present, Peg dear, and my love to Norah, Nan and Dais, though the letter as usual is superscribed “Dear Peg”, I intend to know that for the last 25 years or so, all four ladies are included under the name “Peg” except that the onus of answering is thrown on the shoulders most ready and willing to answer. I cannot imagine writing to Nan, for instance, and putting same lady under burden of composing a reply.
Regards to all the family, Mary, Aunt K.A., Boss, Mrs. J.J. Jun. Mrs. Jun. Maur? Tom, Mrs. Tom — the Lawlers of Dunlavin,
P.S., PS., PS., (I’d a letter from Aunt Leo.) Waters family, Uncle Tim and family. I guess I’ll have to write to everyone sometime but wait till, as I say, I catch me a stenographer.
Regards to the Boys. Jim Brennan and Nick Bardon — Peter Franci~ ? — Tresa. Forget Nick’s wife’s name, know her well. Congrats to all three couples (God, this makes six wedding presents.) No — seven, eight.
*Attempt to end letter failed again. I want the weekly Irish paper from the December 1941 issue up to August 1945 sent to me, please. The amount of reading and catching up I’m going to have to do, appalls me. (I nearly forgot — please pass my kindest regards to Seamas and John Woods — two gentlemen whom I hope to meet again. Looking back, they treated me very nicely). Also Harry O’Gara of the same office. Please mention to the latter that in Prison Camp HK I met a former crony of his RUC or HRC days, W B Willwood, now a WOI in the REs, a charming rogue if ever I met one.
Peg, the letter must end somewhere. I could write for days.
But every little thing I remember just runs into a host of other things — look at the last paragraph and I’ve forgotten to pass greetings to people like Nick and Katie Lawler, Pat L, Willie. It would take a book. All my love, Peg. Bar. Maybe I might be able to Air Mail this.
P.S. Dear Dais, What couldn’t I do with a sweet cake just now if I didn’t get killed in the rush as I opened it. B.
19th — Two days later. [Note: Sunday 19th August 1945]
Still hanging round the camp, or more strictly speaking, very much inside the camp, as the Japs are still guarding us assiduously, actually they seem kinda loath to allow any of us out even for rations. We think the people outside are a little unsettled. However, they are really making an attempt to feed us for the first time since our capture and I’m reasonably full in the tummy at present. None of our troops have appeared yet to take over, nor have we been allowed to communicate with Tokyo and we’re all damned impatient. Doing nothing all day is beginning to pall already, and when you’ve been locked up this long every extra wasted hour of Rip Van Winkledom is grudged. I feel very much inclined to take French leave and start the journey on foot with French leave. The Church of England fellows are holding a dreary hymn service outside the window just now, and their soporific keening is getting on my nerves. Haven’t they a desolate idea of God! Incidentally, my religious feelings have appreciably strengthened since getting into this mess (it may ease you to know) though the call to the priesthood is still unheard, I intend to amend my previous rather laissez faire policy towards the question and do a spot of reforming. A couple of times during the actual fighting I was glad to have a God to appeal to, and I don’t intend to forget that.
Next Morning [Note: Monday 20th August 1945], still waiting.
Yeah, still waiting and not even a rumour of a move. I’m getting stronger on this free walk to the Capital city — pronto.
I remember back in Hong Kong all our useless planning of escapes that never materialized. We talked it over day after day, but never could find a reasonably probable or possible way out through our electrified fence and over forty miles of enemy-held territory before striking the No Man’s Land of the Chinese bandits and guerillas. But dreaming and scheming of how and when to do it kept a lot of us going. About six or eight men did get away the first year, but we never succeeded in getting any news of their fate. Here, of course, it’s different and a quick dash and a lucky hop on the rods of a train might land you in an American encampment with six hours, and the temptation is terrific and the urge to get a little bit of excitement as an extra inducement.
It’s going to be very hard to ever settle down after living these last few years as a private soldier amongst the types of men who populated H.K. P.O.W. camp and this one. Men of every nationality and colour and half-tone, and invariably, the foot-loose type pre-dominated. Nobody in this crowd except a very very few, ever held a steady job of any sort, and very many laugh loud and long at the idea of working for anybody else except under dire stress of hunger. To hear the China coast old hands talking in this strain was no surprise to me, as I had begun to catch on to their outlook in pre-war days in HK. For the first few months in that Colony I had lived in the pure atmospheric circles of the Senior Govt. Servant but, approaching the outbreak of war, I had been gradually sinking down to the level of the humbler ranks of the Colony’s Europeans who made more money, spent more money, and were alive even above the neck. Also gradually began to realize that the Senior Govt. Officer, the Old School tie type was still 90% honest and nearly incorruptible, secure in his highly salaried position; whereas the lower ranks recruited from every possible source just looked upon their salaries as something to save up for a rainy day while they lived well (and at a far higher standard sometimes than their superiors) by their spare time racketeering, squeezing and speculating. They nearly all had at some time or another (the older ones) had made and lost fortunes on the Coast and the yarns they spun just held me spellbound many an hour. It surprised me, however, to find the same spirit of individualism in the Canadian and Australian, both of whom seem to have the same ideas. Only work for someone else and for just so long as you have to and as soon as possible start working for yourself. It has struck me forcibly on many an occasion that a lot of stick-in-the-mud conservatism in the British Isles must be due to pensions, superannuation schemes etc. which bind the young people to small jobs at an age when they should be urged to break out and do something off their own initiative. Incidentally, in many conversations with the Americans, Canadians, Aussies etc. I have been led to conclude that our (homeside) impressions of the great Depression of the thirties were to a large extent false. These boys all have the same story, regular employment was at times hard to get, but the great proportion of the unemployed were unemployable, and mostly just wouldn’t work, and the “guy” who couldn’t make enough to keep himself going comfortably (meaning plus auto) was no damn good anyway.
Later I come back to this letter at all sorts of odd times with odd ideas and naturally everything is disjointed. I guess its no longer a letter with an ending, so I give up trying to end it. It strikes me the family may like to hear something of my impressions of the country — what little I’ve seen of it.
The people I’ve mentioned before as uncivilized according to our standards. They are a cruel race, primarily. They are cruel to animals and to man. I’ve seen them here torture the unfortunate dogs and cats day after day, until our fellows couldn’t stand the sight any longer and just took the poor beasts round the corner afterwards and killed them to prevent more torturings next day. The Japs think this great sport and just laugh at us for our aversion to cruelty. They are even cruel towards their own people and the boss Jap kicks and beats his underlings at will without fear of a comeback. The methods of their police we can guess at from the unholy terror they inspire into the people by a mere gesture.
During the war, of course, the Jap only took prisoners when forced to do so by circumstances, and many of our fellows who surrendered in outposts were dispatched forthwith usually by the slowest and most messy method. Many others (more fortunately) escaped with a terrific hammering for no reason except the sportive instinct of the capture. I myself saw the Jap soldiers in Hong Kong being incredibly brutal to the Chinese on little or no provocation, and they just used their rifles with as little compunction as we at home would use a shotgun on rabbits. They just seem to take a different view of the value of human life to us.
Personally, the Jap is perhaps more clean than his Irish counterpart in that you never see one dirty as regards his person. He always looked well cleaned and washed. Yet his habits and sanitary customs shock us. WCs [Note: The traditional Japanese toilet known as a Benjo was essentially a hole under the toilet facility, or a pot – the human waste contents being used as a traditional fertiliser] are rare round here anyway, and their instincts do not include that of privacy in certain matters, and where the call comes, that’s the spot. Human manure is invariably used on the farms and gardens and the garden is one yard from the front door. Still, in order to be hygienically perfect the Jap goes round a hospital area with a little piece of gauze or cotton strapped over his nose and mouth. A ridiculous and useless precaution against infection, but he thinks he’s being up to date and modern in his anti-disease precautions.
They all have a terrific inferiority complex and we suffered in his efforts to bolster his ego. He has a mania for saluting and parading and bowing and we saluted, paraded and bowed at all possible occasions. [Note: All POWs were required to bow to Japanese soldiers regardless of rank. Not bowing low enough or fast enough, or even the slightest breach of the camp’s many trivial rules, could result in a severe beating by the camp’s cruel prison guards]. The only method we had of getting anything out of them was to soft-soap some little runt and after a while he’s eating out of your hand.
He has no sense of doing things in a quietly rational manner and when anything unplanned occurs he just goes haywire, and is useless. It has been said that one Jap by himself can do nothing, but ten together can move a mountain. True, the 10 Japs would move that mountain by sheer dogged persistence and bull-headedness, in about the same time as two white men would do same. They drive their cars like mad and their mechanics all use the hammer and chisel and never dream of repairing anything until it breaks down completely. As long as it goes it needs no repairs.
They are crazy about their children and treat their women folk as household utensils. The women we have come in contact with, incidentally, are invariably nice, courteous and very kind. We’ve had very little to do with them, unfortunately, as they are kept very much in the background.
The countryside, as much as I’ve seen so far on train journeys and around the camp, is really lovely. Small rolling hills, always with mountains seemingly in the background. Unlike home, the whole country is well wooded and, barring in winter, luxuriant as to colour and foliage. It probably looked particularly good to one more accustomed to the barrenness of Wicklow or the desolation of the western part of old Ireland. On the slopes of the hills round here all the farmers on their small holdings seem to have an acre or two of cherry, peach or pear or apple orchards, and round April and May when all these seem to be in bloom, the place looks like a stylized picture postcard of peace and plenty.
The farms are in the lower slopes of the hills and in all the valleys, and every inch of land is used — every inch. All the little patches of rice paddy laid out in mathematical exactness with just a one foot wide path between holdings. And every hundred yards or so there seems to be a Jap farmer’s home.
Apparently they take two crops per annum off their land, year after year — they haul in their barley harvest first, flood immediately and the new rice plants are transplanted to the ex-barley field within a matter of days. (We’ve lived here for months on end, on a diet of cereals, 50% ordinary barley, dynamite to the tummy). Their vegetables are everything we have at home grown to a larger size plus the sweet potato (good) taro root (punk) Squash (O.K. as soup base) tomatoes in the open and many others essentially Japanese, for which I know no English name. They seem to get an amazing return from their land, due, I suppose, to the constant use of relatively large quantities of human manure used, together with the natural richness of their soil. But I’ve often thought what a lesson they could give our people in intensive cultivation. To mention in passing, there’s hardly any livestock, and I’ve yet to see a field of grazing land quite true so far, and l’ve sat in a train for 36 hours going all the time — no grazing. They use horses and oxen in their ploughs, but what they feed ’em on I don’t know. l’ve eaten both since coming here (horse-meat’s not bad, if you get it — we usually get the entrails and eat ’em on those rare occasions thankfully). Mention — have also eaten whale meat, shark meat, octopus or squid, bones, intestines, blood, dog, seaweed — most common fish they gave us was the mackerel dried, fresh, salted, smoked, preserved in soya sauce and often delicious — when I used to think of the hundreds thrown away each year at home as not fit to eat – smoked and preserved in soya and then grilled they make as tasty eating as any fish live ever tried.
Back to farming — I’ve never seen or eaten the sheep here, where the pigs are kept I don’t know, but at present, anyway, meat in this country is just a dim and delicious memory to both native and prisoner. For the last few months, no fish (either due to US air and naval activities). l’d always heard that Japan produced a lot of tea, but very small quantities, on rare occasions. You get very tired of drinking hot water with your meals. You used to do it quite a lot, Peg — why, for God’s sake?
The Japanese city, village, or town is just what you might expect from book descriptions. Hundreds of small wooden houses, paper windows, and all jammed tightly together in little narrow streets and just swarming with people. Uncle Sam’s incendiary bombs must have worked havoc there. I saw the results of such weapons while in the Tokyo Hospital substitute, and I’d seen Silvertown on fire from the distance of Leicester Square and that was small compared to one memorable night when they lit up Yokohama across the bay from the site of one Hospital in Tokyo. No HE [Note: High Explosive] was used, yet they admitted a known death-roll of 30,000 in that one fire. These wooden city blocks must have been death traps when once a fire got going. I’ve, of course, seen the few Jap cities and towns at a period when all or 90% of the shops were closed down and boarded up — nothing to sell — so what they really look like in normal times I can only guess; but lately, they have looked like ghost towns and everywhere needed a coat of paint badly. So far, of course, I’ve mostly seen only railway stations in Tokyo — vast solid buildings mainly remarkable for the incredible number of people who were crammed, jammed and queued at every barrier and platform. I’ve been in Tokyo railway stations six times, and each time they looked more like a foot-ball stadium at home on the day of a big match.
Image 14: Tokyo after an incendiary bombing in 1945
Next Morning, 21st. [Note: Tuesday 21st August 1945]
Still another morning without any news. Just finished my morning fatigue [Note: Manual chores related to maintaining the camp], cleaning up the area — that was the cat’s lick it got this morning. But sure sign that the war is over — we’ve just been issued with ten apples per man — I danged five straight and by a big effort of will power, put the others aside.
This starts me on the food question, the great all-important topic of food — for the whole period of imprisonment, 50% of all conversations have been about food, natural enough to men who’ve been hungry all day, every day for years. We’ve lived on grain of course all the time, rice, barley, Korin or millet, Indian atta meal [Note: On Sundays the POWs were given a large bun made from brown Indian Atta flour. Source: From Jamaica to Japan Dairy of a Hong Kong Prisoner of War, by Thomas S. Forsyth] and beans plus vegetables in fair quantities, and occasional little spoonfuls of meat and fish.
Polished white rice formed the main grain issue in Hong Kong. For two months there in the beginning, we lived, incredible to say, on rice alone, the vegetable issue being almost negligible. This period was the killer, of course, as white polished rice contains almost no nourishment and malnutrition moved in with its attendant diseases. Beri-beri and Pellagra principally. Beri-beri is really kidney failure and starts by constant urination forty, fifty times per day — then the water-works break down and fail to eliminate the water from the system. Your legs first swell up with the water and gradually but in a very short period failing treatment, two-three days — the water level and swelling spreads upwards until it reaches the heart and lungs — curtains. The treatment is a drug known as Thiamine, injected usually, which stops the rot maybe. Pellagra is the more dangerous, but less acute. It starts with red patches appearing on your legs and face, later ulcers. Much later the victim starts chronic diahorrhea, very difficult to arrest at this stage, your eyes begin to fail, your mouth and tongue become red and raw and so sore and tender that you cannot eat or even smoke. Next step craziness, and shortly after that the funeral. The course of this disease runs over a period of months and the worst of it is that when you get it the victim quickly becomes so weakened that at any time during the course of his illness, he is easy meat for any other disease germ floating about, dysentery, pneumonia, diphtheria, malaria and catching these when you’ve already got pellagra is finis usually. I don’t think medicine can do much for pellagra — nicotinic acid helped a hell of a lot, but a strong constitution and plenty of fighting spirit saved most men. The real cure for both of these diseases would be plenty of eggs, milk and meat. We might as well have asked for crushed pearls!
These two diseases are the direct result of trying to live on boiled rice and veg with maybe two ounces of meat or fish per week, perhaps vegetable oil goes a little way in preventing the onset of such maladies, but even it — peanut oil or coconut oil at the bad period in Hong Kong were not issued (peanut oil is such a good cooking oil especially for deep frying that it has often struck me why we won’t make more use of it at home.)
At the end of 1942 when most of the harm had been done, the Red Cross succeeded in getting supplies to us. Bully beef, tins of meat and veg. stew, dried fruit, sugar, cocoa, Indian atta meal and three food parcels per man. The bulk stuff, Bully etc. we spun out until I left on draft for Japan, to give you some idea of the quantity. They started by issuing a tin of Bully per day for four men, and a little cocoa, sugar, meal and fruit. When I left, only the bully remained and was issued at one tin to twenty men per day! 12/20th of an ounce per day! But these supplies had given us the little extra vitamins we needed, and within three months of their receipt you wouldn’t recognise the men they improved so amazingly. When these supplies arrived, our unpredictable hosts also decided to increase rations and gave us fair quantities of oil and flour and better vegetables and a regular (more or less) issue of fish, about twice a week. I forgot to mention the receipt from the Red Cross of what most people considered the most valuable food of all — Indian Ghee — goat grease [Note: Comparable to dripping] in tins. Quite palatable as a frying oil and useable as a bread spread in lieu of butter. We got quite a large quantity of this stuff and many consider that this stuff was mainly responsible for our rapid return to health. The Japs, of course, stole vast quantities of these supplies and what came into camp were further depleted by fiddling and thieving by the people running the ration stores. I might mention here, that the British Officer of the Regular Army has lost the last bit of respect which he had retained for his conduct during and after the war out East. The idol had feet of clay and completely disgusted his more robust other ranks by knuckling under weakly to the Japs — peace at any price — but please do not continue to treat us equally with the common soldiers! And what the Japs didn’t give them they stole from us! Our kitchens also were rotten with thieving and selling of stores to the moneyed members of the community. But in spite of all we managed to live (or most of us did). But the weird meals I’ve eaten there. Once in a very bad period I’ve had my share of a dog stew — a big pot, one small dog, some cabbage, onions and sweet potatoes and a little salt. It was OK and I could have eaten more; but there wasn’t much for nine men interested. Whalemeat is OK, colour dark red, texture like beef, not very fishy to taste. Octopus or squid is lousy, fishy and rubbery. Try boiling up some potato tops or carrot tops to get the all-time low in a vegetable. Another point — never boil your (white) cabbage, fry, it in a little oil or fat, no comparison. Porridge boiled in Cocoa. I’ve gone completely native in my liking for sugary, oily curries. Garlic I’m just addicted to — love it in vast quantities. I want stacks of sugar in the meat stew! If you don’t believe me, try it.
On arriving in Japan we got slightly better food and more of it (for doing ten times as much work as in HK). But again, our main food has been grain, but a mixture of rice, barley, millet and beans in varying proportions. O.K. except when barley happens to predominate in the brew. All of us suffer from recurring bouts of diahorrhea, but when barley is uppermost in the grain mixture our natural functions tend to start working without any control being exercised. In small quantities apparently, it is a good food, containing a big Vitamin B load, and thus combating the tendency to Beri-Beri. Beans (Soya) same as Mr Heinz’s Pork & Bean cans, have been our mainstay. I’ve mentioned them before. Our fellows have, I think, been able to slave day after day in that mine only on the food value of their soya bean ration. We get three times a day, as much as you can pack in a pint mug, of grain (beans included) about as much veg per day as the ordinary person eats at home, boiled with soya bean sauce extract and maybe a little flour (barley or potato flour) as thickening. We were lucky to see a ration of about 2 oz of meat per week or an issue of fish per week and only twice in 14 months have they issued cooking oil.
In Japan, though we heard that vast quantities of Red Cross supplies had been sent to prisoners, I, for instance, received three Red Cross parcels, one hair comb, one tin of polish, one safety razor, three blades and a pencil. Most fellows, and I have met a lot in Tokyo Hospital from all over, have had a similar story, so we presume that many a Jap has lived well on Red Cross supplies. Enough of food for now, but at present we’re waiting impatiently as ever for our midday mugful of grain and two spoonfuls of boiled cucumber in bean sauce! Another few days and maybe we eat some white man’s food. Won’t some Yankee quartermaster get an education when he starts in to try feeding his first consignment of ex-prisoners.
One amazing effect of our food during the last few years I might mention. At the start of our POW existence a great many of the regular soldiers (60% estimated) were suffering from Venereal Disease – mostly gonorrhea – and within two months on plain rice diet all signs of the disease had cleared up, despite the fact there was no medical treatment for them. An amazingly simple answer to a question which had troubled the Medical authorities greatly at the time.
Another interesting fact in the same strain more or less. Forty two months without women. Dreadful fate? Not a bit of it. The married men worried about their wives and children, of course, but our poor diet has apparently eliminated all sexual desire from us and strange to relate, you never hear these boys spinning lewd stories or speaking of their amorous past or futures. The question of women non est. Some of the younger married men are quietly worried stiff over this question and our doctors have been many times asked to reassure anxious husbands that the status quo ante [Note: Latin for “the way things were before”] will reoccur with sufficient eggs, beefsteaks and beer.
Another aspect of food and hunger — I’m disgusted with myself that I haven’t learnt a few languages, Chinese and Russian (I know bits of both) especially. Many times I’ve tried to have many others, but constant hunger is a complete deterrent to mental concentration on any subject except how to scrounge something extra to eat. I’m sorry I wasn’t able to do something in the way of increasing my education and perhaps my market value also, but I saw a lot of poor studious souls sit down to study and many of them just eat themselves into the grave. Maybe of course the scholarly type of man wasn’t exactly suited to the life? The Japs incidentally, right from the beginning, forbade any kind of study class or meeting religious services being the only exception. They had escapes on the brain and this rule was supposed to prevent men meeting for the purpose of planning such escapes. Naturally, the meetings the rule aimed as suppressing went on unsuspected, but all other quite innocent gatherings were immediately dispersed.
In Hong Kong, of course, we had plenty of spare time, and during the good spells played football and hockey and cricket, bowls and a little tennis. Shall I say that about 20% of us, me included, were occasionally fit enough to play such games, viz when our draft left for Japan we left 850 men only behind in Hong Kong — 400 of these were in the hospital area of the camp! But the greatest recreation and vice was Bridge acc. to Culbertson & Co. I’ve forgotten quite a lot in the last year but at one time in the H.K. camp I was at the stage of quoting extracts ad lib from Clubertson‘s Golden Book, the Bible of Bridge, and I’d really become, I suppose, a first class player. Naturally, I guess, as Komorsky and I partnering each other invariably played for highish stakes, and losing frequently meant no next meal — you get good very quickly when you’re eating often depends on your bidding! The Canadians were the worst gamblers and played craps — dice — for everything they could lay their hands on. A whole hut full sat down on the night we all got a remittance of 1/24 apiece from the Red Cross, and next morning two brothers walked into the canteen with 1/1400 in their hands!
Two days later. 24th August. [Note: Thursday 24th August 1945]
I started this letter on the 17th, a whole week has now elapsed since we got our first news of the Armistice and we’re still here waiting. Today we have decorated our roof with large letters “P.W.” on instructions from some HQ or other and we are told that an aeroplane will come across today or tomorrow and drop some stuff for us. [Note: The Japanese were required by the terms of their surrender to give General MacArthur an inclusive list, known as the “Yellow List” of the names, locations, and populations of all POW camps in existence under Japanese control, and that all such camps be clearly marked “P.W”.] Naturally we are all deeply interested in what this stuff is going to be. 95% are praying for a few cigarettes and some chocolate. I’m inclined to bet on our Yankee friends doing things properly and just loading their plane with everything from soup to nuts and dropping the lot conveniently to camp. However, you can imagine 242 well-trained pairs of ears listening for the first purr of an aero engine. Someone is going to get killed in the rush! The cigarette position is chronic at present and we’re still living on our grain and very small issues of vegetables. I’ve been playing poker and sleeping alternatively all day for the last two days. Sleep most of the day — poker all night — no strain to a veteran of the mine night shift. Also the millions of fleas and lice here prefer to operate at night and retire during the day, thus making it more convenient for the human population to sleep during the day. I’ve acquired pocket fulls of Japanese money, incidentally, at poker and of course can do nothing with it. I’ve known many cases of men using the paper money as lavatory paper. I’ve just been outside on a fatigue party for rations and brought home our first fish issue for about three weeks, one bale of dried mackerel and two boxes of oysters. Oyster soup tonight, also two boxes of Jap army biscuit ration (first time we’ve see it). One Jap army comfort parcel – poor C’s — one sheaf of lav paper — one pair of cotton socks, one packet toothpowder, one packet postcards, and that’s a Jap soldier’s comfort parcel.
Next Day. 25th. [Note: Friday 25th August 1945]
Image 15: Friday 25th August 1945 “Wild delight” greeted spontaneous aerobatics display over Sendai 2-B POW Camp by 12 US Navy Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat fighters from the aircraft carrier USS Lexington. “Now we know the War is really over”
Yep, the Yanks have found us. We saw them first this morning flying around, but horrible disappointment, they failed to locate us, but at 12 pm they came back, twelve Grumman fighters, and located us and treated us to a display of aerobatics right over the camp, coming down one after another right over the roof to the wild delight of the boys here. Now we know the war is over, we’re now all listening for the hum of a transport plane bringing the supplies we hope for. If you took a census of what is hoped for I think cigarettes and chocolate would represent the majority demand — just chocs and fags for 240 of the 242 old soldiers.
In passing, I’ve just heard that our Doctor OC (Yank, Sioux City, name Cmaley, pronounced Smayley — more regular fellow than medico) has negotiated for the services of a photographer, so I hope to get a few snaps to include with this letter. Some photographs of the camp and surroundings would illustrate far better than I can describe. [Note:
Next Day. 26th. [Note: Saturday 26th August 1945]
Yes, the Yanks found us yesterday, but they have forgotten to return with the much needed supplies, particularly fags. We’re all nearly out of smokes, many of us (me included) haven’t a butt to our name and this we regard as a great punishment and completely unfitting for the soldiers of a victorious nation, but all we can do about it is smoke leaves. Your humble serv. and his present associates are good and thoroughly well fed up with this indefinite waiting about, tempers getting pretty short all round!
27th Great day. [Note: Sunday 27th August 1945]
Apologies for above paragraph. The Yanks came today en-masse by plane once, twice, three times, and to the wild excitement of the boys here, boxes, bales, cartons, parachuted down from plane after plane diving down to 50 feet above the camp. Too low, actually, as they (to our delight) damn near wrecked the wooden camp buildings as the parachutes failed mostly to open sufficiently and parcels and boxes just crashed at 100 mph through the roofs and walls, and it paid to keep on your toes and when you saw the bomb bays opening as the planes zoomed in on their release run. But what they dropped — Manna from Heaven to rice, korin and bean-sated wretches here. In typical Yank fashion, when they did drop stuff they damn near dropped a whole department store. Hundreds of US Army field ration boxes, breakfast, dinner and supper packets. Typical breakfast packet — 1 can ham and eggs, 1 compressed cereal, pkt. biscuits, nestle 1 pkt. patent coffee – fruit bar – chewing gum, five cigs. Lunch and dinner rations in similar packets, real treasure to us. Also rations of cigarettes, Camel, Luckies etc. A sack of ground coffee, boxes of choc. bars, scented soap [Note: Cashmere Bouquet soap] , shaving cream, razors, magazines (Time, Collier’s), papers and letters from the individual pilots asking for answers, they’ll get a fan mail. Razors, toothbrushes, toothpaste, personal packages from boys of the crew of the USS Lexington, everything in fact. The camp is in an uproar at present, seven pm, just after evening meal — for the first time since the Japanese episode you couldn’t even give your rice ration away — most of us too excited and happy to eat. At present this hut is bedlam, two or three concerts in full swing, a poker school (Yen) wild, a pontoon school at least 25 – 30 players, these men helping to ruin the bank. Others brewing up coffee, soup powders, lemonade.
Image 16: TIME Magazine – US Edition – August 20, 1945
Image 17: Colliers Magazine – 11 August, 1945
Next morning. 28th. [Note: Monday 28th August 1945]
Couldn’t sleep last night. Went to bed at 2am, up 4am and out over the fence with a pack of clothing, old boots etc on the back and set out for the mountain farm as dawn was breaking. Caught my farmer as he was crawling out of his hut and swapped my old clothes etc. for a pack full (64) large freshly picked pears and about 20 lbs of potatoes. Some load, but got it down the mountain road and back over the camp fence before roll call, undetected. Rich man now bringing up the coffee, chocs. and cigarettes of the unenterprising citizens. Rather disappointed that stupid farmer couldn’t produce eggs. He’ll have ‘em tomorrow morning, blast ‘im as his good wife nearly cried when I put the three bars of soap and a woolen sweater back in my pack. I’ll eat a six or ten egg omelette for breakfast tomorrow morning, and maybe a roast chicken for lunch.
Interval.
Yanks here again, yes, two planes have just been over and dropped a letter ordering signs to be painted on the parade ground indicating our requirements. T = Food; D = Cigarettes; X = Medical supplies; M = Clothing. Ts and Ds will appear fronts. To hell with Ms and Xs, waste of valuable aeroplane cargo space.
Image 18: Iwake Coal Mine / Yoshima / Sendai B POW Camp 28th August 1945 (Photo Source: http://www.mansell.com)
To resume letter, diary or story or whatever you might now call this script — our Doctor OC left at 3 am for our area HQ city, called Sendai, a 100 or so miles North of here, bearing telegrams from everyone, official lists etc. and a decorated chunk of parachute embellished by our local artists with the Corps badges of all the different units in this camp and autographed by everyone as an offering to the Lexington’s crew. (PS, hush-hush, my pal has just reported that lunch, potatoes, popcorn, pear pie, coffee and biscuits is in course of preparation. He works in the repair shop and clothing store and provides the purchasing capital by sleight of hand and takes over the cargo and serves meals in the privacy of his store — an old army custom.
Finish using this paper, latest parachute from Yanks even contains notepaper and envelopes — slightly crushed.
Yes, the Yanks are still coming, bless them — they’ll kill us with kindness, literally. We cannot sleep because of the hordes of mosquitoes and fleas at night and every time you try to get your head down for forty winks by day, Uncle Sam Santa Claus sends over another squadron to bombard the camp with 50 lb cases of rations, and wise men stay in the open where you can dodge (one Canadian, too lazy to get up and out today, missed death by a matter of inches). Anyway, with our present state of excitement, plenty of tobacco and strong coffee in addition to previously mentioned factors, I’ve had 71/2 hours sleep in the last 72 hours!
Image 19: US Army Air Corps (USAAC) B-29 Super Flying Fortress
Today the US Army Air Corps took their turn in the sky. And what an act they put on. Two four engined Flying Fortresses made their entrance with a fighter escort. And when those FFs started to provision us, the fun really started. Giant parachutes floated down with 4 ft. high steel oil drums filled with enough foodstuffs for a battalion and a 100 complete kits of clothing, caps to boots. Unfortunately, someone miscalculated the weights and stresses and the food drums broke free from their parachutes and rocketed earthwards to bury themselves in the rice paddies about a mile from camp. But we salvaged what we could of the resulting mixture of milk, cocoa, chocolate, cigarettes, tinned meats, fruits and vegetables, sugar, shaving soap, face cream, toothpaste, tinned soups etc. etc. but the village children got about 60% of the food in smashed tins with mud sauce from the paddy. The starving little children ate it there and then with obvious relish. Some of them didn’t like the taste of toothpaste and shaving soap particularly, but they tried hard to get it down. A couple of parachutes caught in the local HT cables and then we had a nice display of fireworks! Two hours work for everyone in the mud and slush but we don’t know what to do with all the food we have. Tonight we fed half the village kids with what we couldn’t eat (they’re starved in the village and as there seems to be about five kids per adult out there when we go out now, the kids just mob us for presents of eatables).
29th [Note: Tuesday 29th August 1945]
The US Navy successfully bombed camp with 250 breakfasts, 250 lunches and 250 dinners in packages, and a 100 cigarettes per man — 25000 cigarettes, two more breaches in the roof and it has started to rain (hellish sticky now, too — hot!). I’m stuffed full of chocolate fruit, biscuits, tinned meat etc. and it never rains but it pours. Someone has thrown a scare into the Japs here and they are giving four loaves of bread per man per day and 1/2 a ton of fish just rolled in through the gates. We can’t possibly use this! and we’ll have to get it taken out of the camp!
Image 20: Although following America’s entry into World War II Deanna Durbin’s sparkle became increasingly eclipsed by the rise of Judy Garland for many POWs Durbin was still the Best Pin Up of WWII
The Flying Fortresses — just one — appeared overhead again, and a groan went up to Heaven; but the Lord heard our prayer and the bomber didn’t release anything. Letter dropped yesterday by FF said that every three days would see deliveries of rations. Even that’s too much! The magazines dropped by the Navy planes are a joy. Chaps keep coming up to you all day with news flashes gleaned from different mags. Bing Crosby is film star No. 1 — what, that punk? Deanna Durbin is NOT dead (we’d heard she was). And who are all these new film stars? And Churchill is an American idea of a HERO! How Mussolini was killed, that great adventure of the landing on France described, the story of the Philippines POW horror camps. It is mostly true too. I’ve heard that story from many a Yank in Tokyo Hospital, and believe me they in PI [Note: An abbreviation for the Philippines] camps had a holiday compared to what [happened to] the Singapore fellows who were sent to work on the construction of the Burma-Siam Railway [Note: Thailand – Burma / Death Railway]. That’s going to make one of the most horrible stories ever written, for written it must be. The Magazines again — trial of the French traitors, meaty reading, by golly – it gives us Hong Kong men some ideas about a similar purge when we get back there. And we won’t have any shortage of candidate for the rope provided the local loyal Chinese haven’t forestalled us! Wavell [Note: Archibald Percival Wavell, the Viceroy of India] in Indian Dominion status or independence? Russia is still coming into Manchukuo [Note: The Empire of Manchukuo / Manchuria was the Japanese created puppet state in modern northeast China and province of Inner Mongolia where Puyi, the last Qing emperor, was the nominal regent and emperor. On 9th August 1945 the Soviet Union commenced the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation in which over 1,000,000 Red Army troops were sent into Manchuria. Their defeat of the largest and most celebrated command in the IJA – The Kwantung Army – was a major factor in the Japanese decision to surrender] and Korea. Why the hell don’t I know more Russian? The Kuomintang [Note: The Chinese Nationalist Party, or KMT, led by Chiang Kai Shek, which fled to Taiwan in 1949] and the Communists in China still as far apart as ever. It looks as though the European freebooter will still be able to make an honest penny along the China coast. China gets Formosa [Note: Taiwan] returned and Formosa with half a chance is a land of milk and honey, both of which commodities are saleable for honest dough. The mountain dwellers still collect human heads as ornaments in Formosa, and I’ve heard that if you haven’t got your nut well screwed on in Formosa, you’re apt to have it screwed off.
Image 21: August 1945 – Tanks from the Soviet Red Army roll along a street in the Chinese port city of Dalian in north eastern China
But no mention of Eire [Note: Eire is the Irish name for Ireland] in any of the mags, and I’m starved for news of the old country. Have we or have we not lost out by our stand on neutrality? Personally I was disappointed when we didn’t come in when the US became embroiled. We could have done so then in perfect safety and without any loss of face or life maybe; but I guess I’ll read all about it some day. First thing I’m going to do is order 31/2 of past Time and Life mags.
Our Doctor OC has still not returned from HQ, but rumour has it we leave in a few days bound for the Philippines. Looks like ole Barney puts the pack on shoulder again — hurrah for that. You know, Peg, I’ve gathered no moss I guess, but I don’t want moss, and gosh I love rollin’. I must admit to an awful itch to have a good look at Tokyo and Yokohama before leaving Japan. I’d also dearly love to kick a few Japs’ arses — but none of them around here are worth kicking. The capital might produce a few of the old Samurai class within range of my boot, and I’d erase a couple of years’ bitterness and ill-treatment from my mind very quickly.
Photographs taken today – personnel only copy included.
30th [Note: Wednesday 30th August 1945]
Navy planes over again this morning. Had us all out of bed post-haste at 5.30 am. Dropped message — “No supplies today, landing ops. in progress. Hospital ships in Tokyo Bay waiting to evacuate POWs. Have you out within a few days.” Good.
Have just read small snippet in US magazine about De Valera — “Once again thumbs nose at Allies by calling on German Minister to sympathise with him on death of Hitler”. [Note: In response to Taoiseach Eamon de Valera’s 2nd May 1945 visit to the home of of Eduard Hempel, German Minister (Ambassador) to Ireland to express his condolences, which caused international consternation, in a radio address marking the end of the war in Europe British Prime Minister Winston Churchill praised his government’s restraint in not re-occupying Ireland “…His Majesty’s Government never laid a violent hand upon them, though at times it would have been quite easy and quite natural, and we left the de Valera Government to frolic with the German and later with the Japanese representatives to their heart’s content“ to which de Valera responded “..if his (Churchill’s) contention be admitted in our regard, a like justification can be framed for similar acts of aggression elsewhere and no small nation adjoining a great Power could ever hope to be permitted to go its own way in peace”. Source /read more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)#The_Emergency_after_the_end_of_World_War_II ]. I can’t believe this, or has the man gone completely mad? I saw no objection to our neutrality during the war, but cannot see any necessity for a Catholic, Irish Premier to express public sympathy for the death of Hitler. I’ve already had a horribly bitter argument with my friend Murphy [Note: Pelly Murphy] over this report (he is a fanatical West Briton), my only defence being that there must be some mistake. If there’s not, I’ll just have to take full advantage of my active service pay-book on which II may claim a British passport or become a naturalised Chinese subject!
Have just weighed myself, 69 kilograms, a 1551/2 lbs, 11 st. stripped — very good for a POW.
6th [Note: Thursday 6th September 1945]
Got tired of writing lately and skipped last six days, but we’re still in camp. On the 1st of this month the US Army sent their B17s over and bombed us with supplies in staggering quantities. It took the whole camp about 3-4 hours to carry the stuff into safety and even then we only rescued about 60% of it from the rice paddies and the village children. Tinned supplies of all sorts, toilet accessories and at least 1500 cigs. per man.
It was dearly paid for by our chaps. Many of the huge parachutes failed to hold their loads, which hurtled downwards all over the country, unchecked. Two of our men were standing on the roof trying to signal the planes with a lamp. A huge packing case crashed down on them — one a Yank, Sy Siretta [Note: Staff Sergeant Joseph F.Sarata, US Army Signal Corps #6134856, POW #211] by name, was killed outright. The other, Zino Gozano [Note: Private Jose Maria “Zinho” Gosano, HKVDC #3710, POW #159], a Portuguese volunteer from Hong Kong, got the edge of the case only, but had his legs broken. We sent both him and Murphy [Note: Pelly Murphy] to Tokyo that day, and I believe they may be flown to the States right away. Poor old Sy we hauled out to the crematorium and his ashes were returned the next day. Two village children were also killed in the same manner, but I guess life is cheap here — no one gives more than a passing murmur of regret and then lines up for his share of the grub and cigarettes.
Discipline here has just disappeared and we wander the country at will now — we own the joint, in fact. The last three nights I’ve been eaten chicken dinners at different farmhouses. We pay in kind — old boots, clothes, blankets, overcoats, winter uniforms, cigarettes, chocolate and buy anything they’ve got eggs, tomatoes, potatoes, milk, vegetables. There’s also a geisha joint running full blast in the village, where booze may be obtained for various presents. My pal from the repair shop and I succeeded in transporting the camp sewing machine there last night and flogged it for three quarts of awful liquor. That’s why I’m in camp tonight, alas, still feeling very sorry for myself. That stuff must have had a very high poison content.
We’ve been standing to move off every morning since the 2nd, but we just don’t seem to move. We were positively sure of moving yesterday morning and this morning, but we’re still here. We’re now running short of food again and the fellows rely more on their own foraging abilities for their chew, but even that should fold up soon. We’ve traded off nearly everything we possess — most guys have no blankets left to sleep on tonight, having swapped same for food in the village. But what the hell, nobody cares about small things like that!
The Japs have moved out of camp, leaving us rifles and bayonets, and we’re now standing our own guards. Main duty of the guards is to regularly throw buckets of water over the village kids who block the exits, scrounging chocolate etc.
And now, the real reason for writing tonight. If we don’t move tomorrow morning, two of us are going to look for the Yanks — we’re pushing off to Tokyo under our own steam. Going by train if possible, we don’t quite know how actually, but we’re completely browned off by this waiting, and any damn thing for a change of air. So maybe this letter ends here, as if we make Tokyo I’ll air mail this straight away.
Continued on train bound for Tokyo (We hope)
We, self and pal (Desmond Hynes, papa Irish) [Note: Lance Corporal Desmond Alva Hynes, HKVDC #2585, POW#43, of London] left camp this morning [Note: Friday 7th September 1945] and by brute ignorance boarded the train at local station. Money we have none, but plenty of cigs, chocolates, soap, two blankets, 5 pairs of boots and a whole parachute of blue nylon. We reckon this is enough wealth to see us through until we reach some US outpost somewhere. We hope this train is going to Tokyo — it’s still going southwards so we must come close to the Capital if it keeps going long enough. You should have seen the ticket collector’s face as we just passed through the barrier — tickets nil.
Sept 8th. [Note: Saturday 8th September 1945]
Atsugi Air Field, [Note: Located 36 kilometres of Tokyo, Atsugi Airfield was home to the Japanese 302 Naval Aviation Corps, which shot down over 300 USAF bombers during the 1945 fire-bombing of Tokyo. Following the completion of the Atsugi control tower a day earlier, the first aircraft carrying Allied occupation troops landed in the heavily damaged Atsugi airfield on 30th August 1945, as did the same General MacArthur to accept Japan’s surrender. ” On 30 Aug, Atsugi was the busiest airport in the world ….340+ takeoffs and landings at the rate of 1 every 2 minutes..” (Source / read more: Jack McKillop Combat Chronology of World War II http://www.usaaf.net/chron/index.htm. Nine days later ex POW #96 Barney Byrne arrived at Atsugi.]
Image 22: 30th August 1945 – General Douglas MacArthur arrives at Atsugi Air Base near Yokohama to take his post as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Occupation of Japan.
Outside Tokyo.
Things have happened at express speed, but I think I left off saying that we hoped we were on a Tokyo train. We were, all right. Arrived in Tokyo at 8 p.m. last night after several hours in the train. Got into the main station, but couldn’t find any Yank Army — and no one seemed to know where the Yankee Army occupied. This shook us somewhat but we finally convinced a small boy porter that we had to go to a hotel anyway US Army there or not. The small boy rather surprised us by taking an oil lamp in his hand and setting off at a smart trot. We went out into an almost pitch dark central Tokyo where just an odd light shone here and there between ruined buildings. We walked behind our small guide for ages trying different one-time hotels but all closed and in darkness. Finally small guide had an earnest confab with a Jap policeman and we set off again with renewed energy. I was getting rather nervy by this time. Not a sign of a Yank anywhere, and everywhere in darkness. I was beginning to weigh up my chances of ditching my kit and making a fast getaway if any incident should occur. Needless worry, for we finally after about half an hour’s walking, came to a lighted hostelry, and heavily rewarding small guide with Lucky Strikes and Camels, we marched in. “Does anyone speak English here? Are there any Americans here?”
“Oh, yes, sir! Do you wish to stay here tonight?” Bango. That shook us for a start from a Jap, but we recovered quickly enough to inform him that wild horses wouldn’t get us out into the streets again. Anyway, he led us to the reception desk, where lo and behold six bepistolled Yanks are loudly demanding accommodation. Greetings, etc, all round and then we find out where we are. Tokyo’s Number 1 Imperial Hotel, and the Yanks are MacArthur’s GHQ advance party just arrived to take over the hotel as Headquarters as from tomorrow; Majors, Colonels, and what have you, but all modern Yankee soldiers are very Socialist and approachable, and “Shure, boys, don’t worry, you’ll get somewhere here to sleep tonight.” They were very interested in the two dirty Rip Van Winkles and started the question and answer game. But after a short while they got back to their own business of arranging for the takeover, and we were adopted by the War Correspondents, particularly ‘Life’ and ‘Cosmopolitan’.
My pal and ‘Life’ retired to bed in the latter’s room quite early, but Harry Bambridge (Note: Harry T. Brundidge), Assistant Editor of the ‘Cosmopolitan’, was made of sterner stuff and he and I started swapping yarns. He and I repaired to the room of ‘Time’, who produced (magician) a bottle of Johnny Walker ‘Black Label’, an almost incredible thing to do. And the three of us walked into that bottle courageously. When it was finished, Harry (by now ‘old horse’) of Cosmopolitan, who, it must be admitted, had had a pretty good start over us two, sallied forth and brought six bottles of Jap beer home alive. By 3 am, I heard more unpublished and unpublishable news about this war than I’d hoped to learn in the next month. Harry was bitterly lamenting the fact that US Intelligence had found out too quickly that he had hidden away ‘Tokyo Rose’, the Japp ‘Lord Haw Haw’, and made him produce her before he could persuade her to write a full exclusive story for Cosmopolitan. (Note: “… At war’s end, in the summer of 1945, the first American journalists ashore sought Tokyo Rose‘s story. When two Hearst reporters, Harry Brundidge of Cosmopolitan and Clark Lee of International News Service, were told that her voice was that of many girls, they insisted on meeting one of them. Iva [Note: US citizen Iva Toguri d’Aquino] knew of “Tokyo Rose” from foreign news dispatches and an item in Time magazine … she was aware that in claiming it she would open herself to a charge of treason. At the same time, she felt that she had done nothing wrong, and when she was offered $2,000 for an exclusive interview, she accepted.
On Sept. 3. the day after the formal surrender in Tokyo Bay, Iva went to Lee and Brundidge’s room at the Imperial Hotel and, while Lee typed, she explained how the name “Tokyo Rose” was thrust upon her. She told of her life in Tokyo during the war years and of how she and the POW’s had had to function under constant Japanese pressure. To illustrate the Japanese surveillance, though not necessarily to illustrate any attempt to subvert the propaganda effort, she described how, after the Battle of Formosa. a Japanese major had directed her to say, “You fellows are all without ships. What are you going to do about getting home now?” and how she had said, “Or. phans of the Pacific, you really are orphans now.” The quoted words would play an important part in her trial.
Iva did not receive S2.000. Instead she was rewarded by visits from U.S. military police, and eventually taken to Sugamo Prison in Tokyo where General Tojo and other Japanese prisoners accused of war crimes were awiting trial. Here Iva remained for II months, unaware of the charges against her, denied legal counsel, bail and speedy trial”. Source: Tokyo Rose : Traitor, By John Leggett, Dec. 5 1976, New York Times). He and his two other correspondents are able to keep up with the war by operating a private B17.
Retired about 3 a.m. to a spring bed, sheets and white blankets, bathroom attached and I was called by the chambermaid bringing my tea at 7 a.m. And that’s how lucky you really can be just short of miracles.
Had breakfast in the Grill Room with Des and ‘Life’. Milk porridge, fried fish and fried bread and coffee was all they could provide, but it was the white tablecloth, silver and the service that really counted. To actually sit down and be served with a meal at a table.
Then out with two Signal Corps Tech Sergeants to see the Victory Parade of General MacArthur’s officially taking over of Tokyo and the hoisting of the US flag. Very disappointing show: troops were anything but Guardsmen, and were very few — there was a band but we couldn’t find it and we never bothered to walk as far as the US Embassy to see the flag hauled up.
Back to the hotel to rescue our kits before GHQ condemned them as antiques and we found a Lieutenant commanding a ‘Duck’ (monster amphibian vehicle who was going to Yokohama [Note a distance of 17 miles or 27 kilometres]where POW repatriation HQ was). Luckily the Loot and his boys wanted to see the town and we all piled in and went for a grand tour of Tokyo and finally to Yokohama. 50% of both cities are completely in ruins and what damage I’d seen done to London up to November 1940 was mere child’s play compared to the devastation in these two cities — miles and miles of nothing but rubble and scrap iron. Lovely sight.
Six-wheel-drive 6.8 ton amphibious DUKW, better known as the Duck, now a familiar sight as a tourist conveyances in many cities
A military truck chassis, the Duck featured a slab-sided boat hull for a body and a single 25in propeller behind its rearmost axle.
Finally arrived at the quayside in Yokohama to find POW HQ located in a huge dock warehouse with three hospital ships lying alongside. We were fed, washed, deloused, refitted, medically examined, questioned, sent cables, gave sworn statements re ‘atrocities’ (they’re real hot on this question), and met our first white girls for three and a half years. Blonde, painted, scented, betrousered US WAACs or something and didn’t I ever enjoy talking to those gals.
But everything happened so fast. Within three hours I found myself in a lorry with about fifteen other POWs bound for Atsugi Air Port where I am at present. We’re flying tomorrow by Okinawa and then on to Manila. Actually I tried to stay here in Tokyo for a few days but they railroaded me so damn quickly that I hadn’t a chance to make any arrangements and I’m now about to bed down for the night in the hangar here and don’t know what time we take off in the morning. I’m now intending to airmail this from Manila.
On board AC 56 Transport [Note: Barney may well be referring to “a (Lockheed) C-56 (Lodestar) transport”. However, the Lodestar was a light twin-engine aircraft which carried no more than 18 passengers, and two paragraphs below Barney describes flying from Atsugi to Okinawa in a four-engine aircraft with a capacity of at least 60 passengers. It’s therefore more probable he was flying in a Lockheed C-69 Constellation, a large troop transport aircraft utilised for flying occupation forces into Tokyo and bringing the former POWs to Okinawa, for transit on their way home]
9th September. [Note: Sunday 9th September 1945]
Up this morning at 6 a.m. and lazed around airfield waiting for the plane to take us off. About 200 planes of all types on this field and the runway was sending them off and taking more in every minute.
Finally climbed aboard this huge four-engines plane and took off on our five-hour trip to Manila. This is sure a luxurious method of travel. There’s hardly any pitching or rolling — I’m writing this on my knee and smoking cigarettes. About forty of us are aboard and there’s still room for another 20 or so. We’re about three hours out at present and there’s nothing to see except clouds and the odd tiny ship.
Image 23: Sunday 9th September 1945: From hell to heaven – Aboard a Lockheed C-69 Constellation, liberated Irish Prisoner of the Japanese Barney Byrne flies out of Atsugi Airfield in Tokyo bound for Kadena Airfield in Okinawa
Next day. 10th [Note: Monday 10th September 1945]
Okinawa [Note: Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, the largest island in the Ryukyu Islands chain].
Arrived here last night after a six-hour trip from Tokyo. I guess you’ve seen plenty of pictures of this place – wild virgin island. You wouldn’t recognise it now. The US forces have moved in with everything possible in equipment. We landed on a gigantic airfield for a start, an airfield of really staggering proportions reminding you of something from H G Wells ‘Shape of Things to Come’. No exaggeration, but our plane must have taken at least 5-7 minutes to taxi to its parking place, and there seems to be about five different runways on the field and, no kidding, there must be a thousand airplanes parked around the field. And the famed Yankee automobile road builders jungle razers, excavators etc, all in full working order, just smashing out roads in every direction.
We explained and registered and were once more forcibly fed by the Red Cross girls. I had a cup of coffee and six doughnuts pushed into my hand before I’d time to say ‘boo’, but was asked to leave some room for dinner which would be served as soon as we got to the camp for POWs.
Camp is canvas tents -wooden mess-halls, wash-houses, latrines, thousands of POWs here. Radios going on all over the joint. Bulldozers digging new roads, levelling sites – planes roaring overhead all the time, motor traffic like rush hour at home, (no Yank above the rank of Corporal ever walks, he rides his jeep), and above all the radio public address loudspeakers keep bellowing out the names of people to leave on the outgoing planes. At present 10 p.m. it quietens down a little, and the movies are going full blast with the latest Hollywood Super-Technicolour colossal being shown in the open air with the riding lights of a few hundred ships in the bay as a background. Only drawback is that incoming planes drown proceedings every couple of minutes. But what the heck, its our first movie and it’s free, so why beef?
We’ve met up with a lot of fellows who were originally with us in Hong Kong POW camp and have been busily comparing notes all day. But the story is the same all over. I’m sick of hearing it, and only I wrote it down early on in this letter, Peg, I don’t think you’d ever have heard such a complete or nearly complete recital as this. Every newspaper we get here is full of atrocity stories and welcomes for the returning heroes and I’m already pretty sick of the rigmarole.
Best feature of the day is a successful swindle pulled by yours truly in getting a seat on a Manila plane tomorrow morning. Maybe I’ll have more to add on arrival there.
Manila.
Sept 13th. [Note: Thursday 13th September 1945]
Waited all day on the 11th [Note: Tuesday 11th September 1945] in Okinawa, but bad weather prevented flying. 3 a.m.on the 12th [Note: Wednesday 12th September 1945] was hauled out of bed — no electric lights in tents, no candles, no matter — got packed and we got to the aerodrome. A 6 a.m. we boarded a B24 [Note: Following Japan’s surrender USAAF Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers also flew in occupation forces and brought out POWs from Okinawa] and took off. Two hours out things really started to happen. One of our four engines began to spit oil and smoke and the child who was the rear gunner told us in a rather overdone tone of complete assurance that there was no immediate danger, but we were going back to Okinawa – However we should put our Mae Wests [Note: Allied aircrew called their yellow inflatable life jackets “Mae Wests” because “it gave the appearance of the user being as physically endowed as a popular film actress of the time” Source: http://wiki.answers.com] on, in case. Your old nephew grinned cheerfully and put on his life jacket, but indulged in an amount of private profanity at the prospect, at this late stage in the game, to swim for it. We made it back to the airport at 10.30 a.m. and in the best movie style were chased down along the runway by about six fire engines and ambulances. The fire engines proved very necessary, as when the engine was stopped it went up in flames and the firemen went to work instantly. Across the airport by lorry and straight into another plane, a C.46 twin engined transport, and took off again at eleven thirty am. These transport planes are OK by me, B24 bombers are uncomfortable and hellish cold. I damn near froze in the B24 until the return part of the trip, when maybe it was the Mae West that kept me warm, or maybe I was too scared to feel the cold
Anyway, at the second attempt we made Nichols Field, Manila, [Note: Located about six miles south of the heart of Manila in Pasay City and Parañaque City, Metro Manila, near the shore of Manila Bay, Nichols Field was home to the US Army Air Force’s 20th Air Base Group. Occupied by the Japanese from December 1942 to January 1945, the airfield is now the location for Manila’s Ninoy Aquino International Airport] without incident at 5.30 p.m., making ten flying hours for yours truly yesterday, and if I don’t fly again for a long, long time, it’ll be too soon.
A lorry pulled up alongside the plane and we loaded up. It was to transport the poor POWs at most two hundred yards across the airport to the Red Cross reception centre where we unloaded again, and were welcomed by the Yankee WAAC gals and a BAND playing ‘Happy Days are Here Again’ followed by ‘Roll out the Barrel’. Of course, the poor half-starved POWs must drink more coffee and eat some doughnuts and biscuits. I mustn’t allow myself to write too much about the generosity of these Yanks but I will remark that even the way they give is nice — they make you feel glad to take all this stuff from them, it gives them such obvious pleasure to pamper you; there is no suggestion of charity about it.
Left the airport and drove in a lorry for about half an hour to this Reception Camp which appears to be on the outskirts of the city. It’s a really vast camp and they impress on you the necessity of remembering the number of your street and tent in case you get lost.
I’ve not seen much of the camp as yet; cinema, canteen,bath-houses, stores everywhere. You get something for nothing at every turn: two sets of uniform, complete from cap to boots; toilet accessories of all kinds, and a Canteen ticket which entitles you to three bottles of beer, 40 cigarettes, 5 cigars, 2 ozs of tobacco, candy, cocoa, peanuts, and Coca Cola and fruit ad lib. All in addition to three huge meals a day. I’ve got to admit its got me licked — I can’t eat or drink or smoke fast enough to keep up to the issue.
Today I’ve been through my medical examination and I think I’ll rate A1 after a little dental treatment. For about the 20th time since the war started I’ve been vaccinated and inoculated against cholera and typhoid. Any germ connected with these maladies must turn pale with fright when it sees me coming. I’ve also been issued a pay-book and five pounds in cash. It’s burning my pocket at present and you can’t spend a penny here in camp if you tried.
Tomorrow I think I’ll find my way to the City and see if I’ve still retained the knack of spending dough. If I’ve forgotten I think I can relearn rapidly.
I’ve cabled Byrne Kilcullen today and sent air mail letters to Jim, Tom, and the Long Lad, congrats on marriage. Tomorrow I hope to do ditto for Nick and Peter Barden, Mamie and Gertie Lawler (I’ve remembered the name Ned Coffer of course). Lights out in the canteen now. Hot and sticky here in Manila, prefer Japanese climate.
September 17th. [Note: Monday 17th September 1945]
Still working in Manila. I’ve been down in the town once only to see the sights, but both the Artillery and the bombers had got there before me and ruined the view. The town is just a mess, and at present it is purely a military camp. There’s tents pitched right in the centre of it, and traffic is still 90% military transport.
Night life is booming of course with literally hundreds of little cafe night clubs. Beer is unobtainable and rot-gut whiskey, gin and run about 6.9 peso a half pint (15/-) [Note: shillings] a half-pint. A meal costs a fortune, if you can buy one.
The remnants of the Hong Kong POW camp arrived here yesterday, including my pal Komorsky, who is dead set on going to England. If that crazy Russian ever gets to Kilcullen, please give him a bed and some food. He and his mother gave me a lot of help in remaining alive. He is a most wonderful raconteur, and you’re quite safe in believing 25% of his yarns, but the other 75% is well worth listening to for its entertainment value! You’ll probably meet Anatoly Mihailovich Komorsky some day and you’ll enjoy it.
He and the others have brought the full account of what happened in Hong Kong during and after the Jap occupation and I’m mad at having missed that aftermath. Komorsky or I will be able to relate that at some future date, but now I’m finishing this letter and hope to persuade the air mail to carry same. I’ve shelved my original plan of giving it to Terry Ashcroft as he hasn’t yet got out of Japan.
Where I’m going myself is still a matter of conjecture as the authority are being pig-headed in refusing to send people to China.
Cheerio ladies and best of love
I’ll cable my first possible mailable address
My connection to Barney is that he was the son of my mother’s (Kathryn “Kath” O’Reilly nee Byrne) father’s (James J “Jim” Byrne) sister Bridget “Birdie” Byrne.
Birdie had five older sisters, or the aunts, Katie Agnes (who married Michael Shortall, and was known by Barney as “Auntie Katie”) Sarah (Dais), Nora, Anna (Nannie), Margaret (Peg) and a younger brother James J Byrne. All resided in Kilcullen, a small town on the banks of the River Liffey in Co. Kildare.
Their mother Catherine “Kate” Byrne died in 1901, while their father James Byrne died in 1904. Sister Nora took over the running of the family shop and pub, while Peg ran the Post Office.
Birdie Byrne married a John Byrne (no relation, just a coincidence), thus not changing her last name and they lived at Kilgowan House, in Usk, just outside Kilcullen, Co., Kildare which is referenced in Barney’s diary above. At the age of twenty-five she died, twenty-two days after the birth of her first child. Bernard, who always known as Barney, was born on Sunday 7th of December 1913, just over seven months before the outbreak of World War I.
His father John Byrne, a farmer and publican, remarried and he and his new wife lived in Kilgowan. However, she did not want to care for the infant Barney who was subsequently raised in Kilcullen by his mother’s sisters who lavished him with care and love. All the sisters adored Barney but Peg, to whom his diary letter is addressed, was especially close to him.
According to the memoirs of Phyllis Brugnolotti, whose grandmother was Auntie Katie:
“..Peg was our favorite aunt. She was full of pep and she always had bright ideas about how to entertain us. She ran the Post Office which was across the street from the Byrne grocery. Telephones were not common at that time so most people went to the Post Office to make telephone calls. If a call in for someone in the neighborhood, Peg answered the phone in a stentorian voice. She was a legend in the town.
Peg had been to a convent school in England which may account for her distinctive accent. The school was known as Adelphi Academy located in Salford, near Manchester.”
When he was a child Barney had rheumatic fever which left his heart weak, so there was considerable dismay among the aunts when they learned, possibly because he had broken a tooth, he had taken up boxing as a hobby.
He attended school at the Dominican Order run Newbridge College, in Co. Kildare from where he went to University College Dublin (N.U.I.) to study accounting earning a B. Com degree. He also became an Associate of the Society of Accountants and Auditors (A.A.S.A.).
“When Barney went to London to work, he was a member of the Irish Club. My younger sister and I subsequently went to London and once we saw him when we were going down the escalator and he was going up. We found him fascinating and he always gave us half a crown”, recalled Phyllis.
He appears to have left London in November 1940 heading by ship to Hong Kong to take up the position of Hong Kong Government War Taxation Examiner, which commenced in January 1941. Leaving behind a Britain at war, a London which had just been ravaged by the German bombing blitz, and weary of sudden attack by enemy aircraft or submarines, as his ship steamed into the relative calm of the Indian Ocean a notion that he was heading out of harm’s way toward the East would surely have crossed his mind.
Noted Phyllis:
“During his imprisonment from time to time the aunts would receive a postcard from the prison camp, the war of course being a great anxiety to them. Having survived the war he finally got back to Kilcullen.”
“We saw him cooking cooked ham in a frying pan; this was a revelation to us as we had never seen anyone fry cooked ham!”
After the war Barney seems to have travelled directly to Hong Kong where met and later married Phyllis (1925-1978). It is unclear where or how they met. She would have been in her early 20s when she married him. He went on the found what was to become a leading accounting and auditing firm in Hong Kong: John B P Byrne & Co, certified public accountants (Note: Now known as JBPB & Co., a subsidiary of BDO Limited in Hong Kong). According to his nephew Brian Byrne (Note: son of Jim Byrne, my mother’s brother, who was very close to Barney) Barney made his first trip back to Ireland in the early 1950s.
Similar to most POWs, Barney’s body, already challenged by the health troubles of his childhood, never really recovered from the appalling treatment meted out at the hands of the Japanese. To the deep sorrow of his wife Phyllis, Peg, and the Byrnes of Kilcullen, on the 10th April 1955, at the age of 42 in the Hong Kong Club Barney had a heart-attack and died. He was with friends. His 25 year old wife Phyllis [Note: Phyllis Christine Read, formerly Byrne née Kirby, otherwise known as Phyllis Christine Sharp, of No 18, St George’s Place, York, North Yorkshire and formerly of No 55, Buxey Lodge, No 37, Conduit Road, Hong Kong. Source: http://catalogue.jerseyheritage.org/collection/Details/archive/110286633/%5D
was in England at the time undergoing treatment for Tuberculosis (TB). [Note: This last sentence requires further corroboration as being factually correct] She subsequently remarried, and being of a similar age to my mother they became good friends. She used to stay at Avoca Lodge during her visits to Ireland.
At the age of 53 Phyllis died on the 20th October 1978, she was interred with Barney.
Source: Quotations related to Barney are from the memoirs to Phyllis Brugnolotti the grand-daughter of Katie Agnes Byrne, the sister of my mother’s father.
Red Star marks the location of the grave of Private John Bernard Patrick Byrne (HKVDC #4732) – Barney – and his wife Phyllis Read
Lost but not forgotten – – Byrne family plot at New Abbey Cemetery, Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, Ireland
In Memory of John Bernard Patrick Byrne, New Abbey Cemetery, Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, Ireland
Appendix 02: The Fall of Hong Kong – A Personal Experience Xmas 1941 by FRANCIS CRABB, O.B.E., E.D. Ex. Pte. No. 2 (Scottish Coy) H.K.V.D.C..
[Note: Verbal accounts by different informed sources in Hong Kong confirmed that Barney Byrne was one of the HKVDC 2 Coy “elements of the Volunteer batteries” referred to in the piece below. Niall distinctly recalls a conversation in which Barney was mentioned as “one of the last 60 to surrender at Choong Hom Kok”].
“…. by the next day, the 24th, we were well pinned down in the valley by shell and machine gun fire. Our casualties gradually mounted so that the three platoons were getting rather thread-bare. I was transferred to Company H.Q. as a runner and we all moved off that evening. The H.Q. was in STANLEY VILLAGE POLICE STATION, one platoon going on up to the CHUNG HOM KOK peninsula and the others spreading out in the foothills above the village. The Japs attacked in strength all that night but we held our lines until midday on Christmas Day. We were now all mixed up — Middlesex, ourselves, Stanley gaol warders and elements of the Volunteer batteries, all under control of our Company Commander. The only method of communication we had was by runner so I was on the go all the time. By midday the position was pretty hopeless, the Company H.Q. had been wiped out during one of my absences and control was taken over by an officer who had been in gaol up to a few days before. We pulled back to the hills just overlooking the gaol and then were relieved by the Royal Rifles of Canada who had been in STANLEY FORT. We were exhausted and retired to the Fort to sleep out that night. Next morning we were advised that the Colony had capitulated the previous day and that the STANLEY PENINSULA area — or what was left of it — had surrendered early that morning, the 26th. We set about destroying all the arms we had, but when they were all put together it was a pitifully small pile to be dealt with. It was then necessary to contact the Japs and see what we could do about our wounded who had been left in the hills during the retreat. Parties were organised to search and I went on several, but it was rarely that wounded men were picked up; in the majority of cases it was burial parties that were required. The Company gradually collected together: we had 50% casualties of which half had been killed, including our Company Commander and Company Sergeant-Major. The remainder was a very sorry group to be herded into prison camp. We did, however, have the satisfaction of knowing that the Japs in direct opposition to us had considerably greater casualties than our own, for their funeral pyres on the STANLEY football pitch were extremely large….”
[Barney Byrne‘s allusion to “The Eve of Waterloo” fittingly portrays a sense of the edgy atmosphere at the China Red Cross Ball at the Peninsula Hotel on the night of Sunday 7th December 1941. At 8.00 am the following morning the Japanese invaded Hong Kong.
“The Eve of Waterloo” is a part of one of Byron’s most celebrated poems, “Childe Harold. Three nights before the Battle of Waterloo the English Duchess of Richmond gave a ball in Brussels, and invited many of the officers of the allied English and Prussian armies, which were at war with the French. The Duke of Wellington, commander-in-chief of the English army, was said to have been one of the guests. While the ball was at its height a messenger brought word to Wellington that the French under Napoleon were advancing towards the city. He did not wish to alarm the people, and so kept the information secret, but he sent the officers one by one to their regiments, and finally left for the field himself…
Source / read more: http://www.poetry-archive.com/b/the_eve_of_waterloo.html.
“THERE was a sound of revelry by night,
And Belgium’s capital had gathered then
Her beauty and her chivalry, and bright
The lamps shone o’er fair women and brave men.
A thousand hearts beat happily; and when
Music arose with its voluptuous swell,
Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again,
And all went merry as a marriage bell;
But hush! hark! a deep sound strikes like a rising knell!
Did ye not hear it? — No; ’twas but the wind,
Or the car rattling o’er the stony street;
On with the dance! let joy be unconfined;
No sleep till morn, when youth and pleasure meet
To chase the glowing hours with flying feet.
But hark! — that heavy sound breaks in once more,
As if the clouds its echo would repeat;
And nearer, clearer, deadlier than before;
Arm! arm! it is — it is — the cannon’s opening roar!
Within a windowed niche of that high hall
Sate Brunswick’s fated chieftain; he did hear
That sound the first amidst the festival,
And caught its tone with death’s prophetic ear;
And when they smiled because he deemed it near,
His heart more truly knew that peal too well
Which stretched his father on a bloody bier,
And roused the vengeance blood alone could quell;
He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, fell.
Ah! then and there was hurrying to and fro,
And gathering tears, and tremblings of distress,
And cheeks all pale, which, but an hour ago,
Blushed at the praise of their own loveliness.
And there were sudden partings, such as press
The life from out young hearts, and choking sighs
Which ne’er might be repeated; who would guess
If ever more should meet those mutual eyes,
Since upon night so sweet such awful morn could rise!
And there was mounting in hot haste; the steed,
The mustering squadron, and the clattering car,
Went pouring forward with impetuous speed,
And swiftly forming in the ranks of war;
And the deep thunder, peal on peal afar;
And near, the beat of the alarming drum
Roused up the soldier ere the morning star;
While thronged the citizens with terror dumb,
Or whispering, with white lips — “The foe! they come! they come!””
by: Lord Byron (1788-1824)
Appendix 04: Memories of Shamshuipo POW Camp
– By Corporal Arthur Gomez, HKVDC # 3053
– Arthur Gomez, a Portuguese national (who like Barney could have chosen to sit out the war in the neutral Portuguese colony of Macau, but instead also joined the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps) was interned at the Shamshuipo POW Camp with Barney, whom he knew.
“ Freedom was something we lost and never found in Shamshuipo. Never did we think that such conditions could ever prevail when we would be prevented from sitting down when we wished – or eating or drinking when we were hungry or thirsty. Yet these were very minor things compared with our other deprivations that we endured during those bitter years. Sometimes we yearned to have a moment to ourselves to mend or wash our clothes. Every day we went on some form of working party. The Camp kept Tokyo time i.e. 2 hours ahead of Hong Kong time. This meant that we paraded at 5 o’clock in the morning every morning – summer and winter. It was exasperating to hear that bugle call. Every time it sounded the Orderly Sergeant would rush to pick up the new orders and come back to detail a group of men to do this or that. It goes on for weeks on end and then there is a break. There was always that constant pang of hunger. When a picture of food would appear it seemed more attractive than a picture of Betty Grable in shorts. In three years and eight months we were in Shamshuipo Camp, there was only one issue of a toothbrush with a small packet of “Lion Brand” tooth powder, one issue of “Short Time” towel and twice we received a ration of 20 sheets of toilet paper. The rest the time we depended on the library! The Dutch used “bottled water” and it was an acrobatic feat as the “facility” was a length of water pipe run through the wall from end to end with a big soil bucket underneath each “compartment”. So with a bottle of water, we had to perch on this pipe like so many sparrows. Occasionally some would tumble and splash right in it! Then I remember the cookhouse. Most of the time we had nothing to cook but rice. The menu read for weeks: RICE BUST. But the cooks were ingenious: they saved the oil and the salt which were minuscule quantities per man per day but added up after a few months to provide us with a real treat. I remember that we did get date duff once or twice. Our festival menus at Christmas and the New Year were not only works of art but of imagination. It really looked grand when elaborately written up in restaurant French but it really meant that we were getting a bit of corned beef, some vegetable boiled in water and a bit of oil with a serving of hot tea. Ooh la la – scrumptious Christmas fare!
Arthur E Gomez”
Source / read more: http://www.rhkr.org/history/memory/Shamshuipo.html
Appendix 05: “I knew your uncle” Private Byrne HKVDC
– By Private Alfredo Jose M Prata, HKVDC #3604 POW #168
“From: Ajmprata@XXX.com To: niall@XXX.com Subject: Diary 28/06/2004 12.37:GMT Standard Time Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2004 11:37:26 EDT
Dear Niall
I believe I ‘knew’ your uncle (Pte. Byrne HKVDC) who was ‘drafted’ in April’44 from Camp ‘S’ (Note: Shamshuipo POW Camp) Hong Kong to Camp 7′ (Yoshima POW Camp, Sendai near Tokio) Japan in mid-May’44.(The voyage was as described in the Diary). He and others of the HKVDC (mixture of British, Polish, French Norwegian, Swede, Czech and a few Americans) shared the same No.2 (combined hospital) hut with some 120 odd Portuguese POWs from Nos.5 and 6 Portuguese Coy HKVDC [Note: Two of the HKVDC’s seven infantry companies were wholly comprised of Portuguese volunteers](and worked in the same shifts in separate shafts in the coalmines). The other shift was made up of Canadians (Royals Rifles and Winnipeg Fuseliers) [Note: Royal Rifles and Winnipeg Grenadiers, not Fuseliers] POWs complemented by a few of the British Units RN/RA/RE/RAMC/RASC [Note: Royal Army Service Corps]/Dockyard [Note: Royal Naval Yard Police]) in Hong Kong and were bunked in the No.1 hut. I do not recall a Pte.3632 K. A .Komorsky, but remember Pte’s. Solansky, Tausz [Note: Czech Sergeant Joseph Tausz, HKVDC #4309, POW #23], Arnulphy [Note: Gunner Carlos Arnulphy, HKVDC #4688, POW #198], the K(Ch)ristians [Note: Danish Gunner Jorgan Vibe Christensen, HKVDC #4689, POW #199, and Gunner N O Christensen, HKVDC #4354] and particularly T.R.(Theo) Ingram [Note: Australian Private Ralph ‘Theo’ Theodore Ingram, HKVDC #1747 POW #196] all HKVDC POWs who I thought were ‘tetamie’ bunk-mates in the lower bunk some distance opposite mine in the far right top bunk in the No.2 hut.
I am afraid I cannot tell you much about your Uncle except that I knew him to be a quietly spoken man who had friends but a very much kept-to-himself type of person – like the most of us in the camp. Because there was no question of “escape” and the living and working conditions of the Camp [with Day and Night shifts] did not provide much time for us to ‘socialise’; everyone had only one object…to stay alive and fit enough to walk out free of and from the Japs.
We spoke only to those involved in our daily (nightly) life: to those working in the same team (Driller and 4 shovellers) and mess mates [for meals in camp]. I believe your Uncle worked with Theo Ingram in the mess/mine team as ‘line cleaners’ keeping all rail- lines completely free of ‘falls’ which, if un-cleared, would/could (and in some cases of deliberate acts) un-rail coal-filled-wagons on their way up to the top 800+metres to the mine-head.
There were only four (4) Camp deaths: 2 Portuguese, 1 American and 1 British (RN) but no funerals and I do not know what happened to their ashes. (I believe the Diary mentions 6 – quite possible! – Zinho Gosano was mentioned but did not die. After repatriation by hospital ship from Japan he became a priest and remained and died in NZ about a year ago.) Theo Ingram (pre-war HK Government) retired in Canada and I believe died only a couple of years ago. Tausz passed away in the late 50s and Arnulphy not long afterwards.
Since your Uncle kept a Diary he would have mentioned some of his friends (in HK/Jap POW Camps). Did he mention a Mario Roza [Note: Sergeant Mario Luiz Roza, HKVDC #2463, POW#26] who was a trainee accountant — your Uncle started a company of Accountants (Note: John B P Byrne & Co, Chartered Accountants, which is now JBPB & Co – formerly Grant Thornton in Hong Kong), shortly after the war in Hong Kong and I am sure Mario Roza would have spoken to him both during and after WW2. Incidentally I believe Mario Roza was also a member of Theo Ingram’s team in the mines……..”
**************** Thank you for a copy of his Diary which I have gone through just once, so far, with lightening speed. I assure you that this and it’s contents will be kept completely confidential and will (with all my personal papers on WW2) be destroyed on my demise. I enjoyed our brief “talk” and welcome further correspondence…….
Yours sincerely Alfredo”
Appendix 06: “I was forced to work in a coal mine (Iwake)”
– By William James McGrath, Royal Naval Yard Police, Hong Kong
“…. 2. I was taken prisoner at HONG KONG on the Twenty fifth of December 1941, and confined in SHAM SHUI PO P.O.W. Camp HONG KONG. I remained there until late in 1943 [Note: McGrath – POW #76 – was actually in Hong Kong 6th Transport Draft on the Naura Maru], and was taken to JAPAN. I cannot remember the name of the ship I sailed in, on arrival in JAPAN I was taken to SENDAI No. 2B P.O.W. Camp YOSHIMA, JAPAN. I remained a prisoner in the above camp until my release in August 1945.
…..3. While a P.O.W. in SENDAI No. 2B Camp I was forced to work in a Coal Mine, I am unable to recall the name of this mine, I had no previous experience of mining, and had never worked in a mine. The work I consider was very dangerous for inexperienced men, and conditions were very bad with no safety precautions. Coal dust was almost unbearable and ventilation non existent: The use of explosives by inexperienced men constantly endangered the lives of those working underground. We were told each day the number of trucks of coal to be got out, and were forced to remain in the mine until the stated number were produced irrespective of the hours worked. On several occasions after attention by Medical Officer when suffering from dysentery, I was ordered by the Japanese Medical Officer to go down the mine and work, and I was then forced to go. Early in 1945 when working in the mine I was struck by some trucks that had broken away on a steep incline, one truck struck me in the stomach and crushed me along the side of the tunnel, I was knocked out for some time and unable to continue working, I was refused permission to go to the surface and see the Medical Officer. My mate working with me on this day was a man by the name of Pelly MURPHY [Note: The same Murphy referred to in Barney’s letter as his “fanatical West Briton” friend”, which establishes, given Barney’s comments about the circumstances in which Pelly received his injury, that the writer, William James McGrath (who was also injured), Pelly and Barney were in the same work gang. Barney it appears was very lucky to escape injury]. He had his leg broken and was badly knocked about, and he was taken to the surface and received medical attention. Medical supplies were very limited and medical attention very often refused. We worked in gangs of five in the mine, with one Japanese guard to each gang……..”
Source / read more: http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/sendai/sendai_2/mcgrath_affidavit.html
Appendix 07: Barney Byrne and War Taxation in Hong Kong, 1940-41
– By Edgar Mathias McGrath (reproduced unedited by Ray Chidell)
“At the outbreak of the Second World War the British Empire was encouraged to support the war effort. For the Colonies and in particular, Hong Kong, this came down to a financial contribution.
The Hong Kong Government considered raising $16 million (1 million pounds) – the question was HOW?
Hong Kong was traditionally almost a FREE Port – Customs and Excise levied income by way of licenses on the opium trade and controlled the liquor trade similarly but apart from a rating system there were no taxes as understood in the United Kingdom.
So taxation appeared to be the answer – Taxation of Income.
Of income there was a great deal – from individual salary earners, from Corporations (Banks and Hongs like Jardines for example) businesses and land.
But income tax on the UK model involved taxation of the individual and a complete disclosure of all his or her income from all sources and this became a problem as the Chinese Business community (from where a large part of the income derived) were completely opposed to a full disclosure of the structure of their businesses, the names of the individual partners, the family holdings in the firms and, of course, the possibility of disclosing the holdings of Tongs (Secret Societies) in many of the trading businesses.
“Compromise” became the operative word and a system was devised to produce a number of separate compartments of taxation rather than a unified personalised system. So – tax salaries, Corporations, Businesses and Land (at varying rates) but importantly secure the consent of the Chinese traders to pay a flat rate tax on their business profits without disclosure of the details of ownership.
There was a similar system already operating in 1939 in Ceylon and this became a model for the War Taxation Ordinance 1940 which finally got through the legislature.
Problem no.2 – Staffing
For a new Department of Government the Cadet Corps could offer no specialists with business or taxation experience.
For a Head of their Department there would be a Commissioner and two Assistant Commissioners. The nearest to a specialist available was the Accountant General at that time – Tom Black – not a Cadet – entry into the Civil Service but right down to earth in financial terms. He was despatched to Ceylon to study their system and whilst there he recruited two of their senior taxation team for secondment to Hong Kong – Cyril Van Langenburg and Hans Lourenz (both being of Dutch Burgher descent).
For Assistant Commissioners then – One Cadet (Arthur Clarke) and Cyril Van Langenburg.
To perform similar functions to UK Tax Inspectors there had to be specialists. None existed in the HK Civil Service and the Accounting community in Hong Kong had no-one with any recent experience of the Taxation system.
Six Assessors or Examiners were needed so Government decided to recruit from the UK – six Chartered Accountants, aged 25-30 with experience, since qualifying, in Taxation. These posts were advertised in the UK in professional Journals, interviews were conducted by the Crown agents assisted by top men from the INLAND REVENUE and appointments made on two-year contracts, first class return passages paid for both husband (and wife if any).
We (that is including me the composer of this piece) were sent out as travel allowed – the first two Charles Tresise and Philip Appleyard latched on to the last of the flying boat passages and got there first in June 1940. Paul Chidell got passage by sea on the “NARKUNDA” P&O and in July 1940 I and James MacIntyre made it round the Cape on the Viceroy of India arriving mid September 1940.
The sixth appointee left last and was torpedoed en route!
So then there were Five.
It was a tremendous experience – apart from the upper echelon of Commissioners and Examiners there was a staff concerned with Information and Intelligence to set up individuals and Business details calling for Returns of Income, a collection section to get in the tax assessed and a most important group of Chinese with Accountancy training to translate into English format the beautifully painted Chinese Accounts – works of art really (but no one could ever be certain whether the accounts presented to us were either the true record or the one for the proprietors, or the one for the tax man!). But we assessed and we collected.
We, the Examiners, were at the sharp end of the operation – as already explained the idea of taxing was anathema to everyone in Hong Kong and they expected us to be “blood suckers” no less.
Our PR job was to convince them that fairness and impartiality was what we aimed at. The fact that we had all come from “the other side of the fence” so to speak, infected our attitude instinctively, so that I remember one taxpayer saying to me (with wonder) “You chaps treat us as if we were your CLIENTS”. On occasions we told people they had a right of appeal against our assessments and they could be represented at the appeal by a representative – either legal or accountancy – and argue their case. So we became accepted and no one got beaten up!
The War Taxation Ordinance 1940 had been drafted by the legal luminaries of Hong Kong and when we came to implement it we came across technical anomalies which could never have arisen had experienced taxation drafters been in charge.
Rumour had it that one clause had been scribbled on to the back of an envelope one evening in the Hong Kong Club! So we had to put up various submissions to iron out these inequalities and inequities – these were accepted and passed as amendments so we were building up a taxation structure similar to the mountain of legislation since 1840 in the UK! (Just as well it ended there in December 1941.)
1. Tom Black went on long leave to Australia October 1940 and Arthur Clarke stood in until his return in August 1941.
2. The FIVE became SIX at last – Thea Mathias (FCA) Edgar’s wife had to remain in the UK when women and children were evacuated from HK in June 1940. In 1941 she lobbied the Colonial Office to appoint her to the sixth place, sailed May 1941 from Gourock and arrived HK mid-September 1941 (an Epic Voyage!).
3. James MacIntyre fled the coop for private practice in early 1941 and Barney Byrne was appointed and came out from UK mid 1941 so we were SIX again and all ended up in Japanese bags!!
4. FCA means Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. When Thea (FCA) arrived the locals thought it meant FEMALE Chartered Accountant. They were really behind the times!!
[Paul Chidell’s widow added the following note in May 1998.]
“I believe that the £1 million was indeed raised for the British war effort before Hong Kong fell to the Japanese. Arthur Clarke returned to Hong Kong after the war and subsequently became Financial Secretary. Of the rest only Paul Chidell and Charles Tresise returned to the post-war Inland Revenue Department, which was constructed from the War Taxation beginnings with Eric Pudney (previously Accountant General) as Commissioner.”
Edgar and Thea Mathias set up practice in Tavistock, Devon. Barney Byrne and Charles Tresise returned to private practice in Hong Kong and Singapore respectively and Cyril van Langenburg went home to Ceylon.
Edgar Mathias is, to my knowledge, the only survivor [as at May 1998] of the Wartime Taxation team, but tells me that their senior clerical assistant, ‘Andy’ Andrews, lives in Guernsey, aged 98.”
[Paul Chidell, uncle of Ray Chidell, suffered shockingly in Japanese captivity during the war but survived. I remember him as a fairly elderly man, practising as a Chartered Accountant in Chichester. RMC]
Source: http://www.claritaxbooks.com/2012/11/war-taxation-hong-kong-1940-41-2/#comment-1861
(c) 2019 Niall O’Reilly as published and individually to the contributors concerned – Please do not cite, circulate, or copy without permission of the author of this post
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The day after tomorrow: Only 4 wrecked walls
September 27, 2009 December 30, 2012 Niall : Two roads diverged in a wood, and I...
Email received 28th September 2009 from AB, a friend living in Metro Manila
“Oh dear, i thought were going to die: me, mom, sister in law with my 11 months niece and our neighbour with her 7 months old baby was stranded to the 2nd floor while the water kept rising. My god if u just knew niall. So far my family are complete. All our things are washed out. The only thing that’s left on our house is the floor and four wrecked walls and what we wear on our body and my bag were i put all my imp docs,cellphone and a digicam. Thats all what we got niall. It looks like an ocean. niall all u can see is waters”
Manila under water
On the 27th September Tropical Storm Ketsana left the Philippines in a ‘State of Calamity’, leaving behind 80% of Manila submerged in water and mired in mud, and a trail of 300 people dead and missing, and some 500,000 displaced across 25 provinces.
Philippines, Weather destruction, Manila, Philippines, Tropical Storm Ketsana Leave a comment
Asia Gaelic Games, Manila 1997- Korea’s ‘Kimchi Kickers’
September 28, 2008 June 29, 2014 Niall : Two roads diverged in a wood, and I...
“The Kim Chi Kickers of GAAG ’97
It is eleven years ago since I hung up my Gaelic football boots. In point of fact, it’s also eleven years since I first put them on, although I’m having trouble recalling exactly what were on my feet as I played the position of goalkeeper for the Kimchi Kickers, the first team from the Republic of Korea to participate in the Guinness Asia Gaelic Games (GAGG), held at Manila’s salubrious Nomads Sports Club from June 6th to June 8th 1997.
It should come as no surprise that my memories of the occasion are now somewhat fuzzy for it took a team celebration hosted by the Irish Ambassador to Korea two weeks after the event to piece together some semblance of what exactly happened such was the entertainment both on and off the field of play.
From the outset I’d like to let it be known that as our motley squad assembled on the afternoon of June 5th at Seoul’s Kimpo Airport I was very much under the impression I was only accompanying the Kimchi Kickers as one of three official fans (the others being yer man Shay from Unilever, and Yvonne, the wife of Alan Hobbs of Enterprise Ireland/IDA distinction), for I’d never in my life played Gaelic Football (the only preceding Gaelic Athletic Association recollection of note was when as an eight year old being forced to finish a dish of cold cabbage and ham in a dining room festooned by dazzling silver All-Ireland trophies and medals at the Tralee home of John Joe Sheedy, the Kerry great) and hadn’t a clue about the rules. I’d also never been to the Philippines, and knowing well the band that called themselves the Kimchi Kickers this was one experience I wasn’t going to miss.
I’d also like to let it be known that at a quarter to four the following morning as we all poured ourselves back into the Midtown Hotel lobby, the official GAGG hotel, after an over enthusiastic introduction to Manila’s riotous nightlife, I still hadn’t a clue about the rules. I do recall though one of the more perceptive members of our line-up noting the lobby being very quiet at this time (“all the other teams must be asleep” she noted), that our New Zealand borne goalkeeper was missing, while our star player, Roy, was complaining about a bite on his neck (not of the Mosquito variety) and the need to get some sort of injection.
You’d be forgiven for thinking that one and all had just came together at the airport, were given a rule book, a Kimchi Kicker sports shirt and directed toward the boarding gate. Nothing could be further from the truth. By the time the Kimchi Kickers assembled they were a well and truly oiled team. They (note at this stage I don’t use the word “we”) were comprised of dedicated FAS graduates, Aussie Rules fanatics from down under, in addition to a Canadian and the New Zealand goalkeeper, all of whom had been religiously practicing every Sunday for the previous four or five months. And training conditions were harsh indeed, sure there wasn’t even a decent Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) practice pitch to be found anywhere in Seoul, except those hard asphalt surfaces. And despite some queer looks of puzzlement from the locals as to what sort of ball game was being played by the ginger-haired foreigners with those green tartan hats, the Kimchi Kickers persevered with their training program under the wise, professional, and inspirational guidance of Alan Hobbs. British Airways came in with a bit of sponsorship money, which made possible the fitting out of stylish on-and-off the pitch attire (as in navy blue polo shirts), which, in hindsight, must have been the attraction to join for the Kimchi Kickers’ two secret weapons: Annie from Ireland and Sue from Korea. They’d remain secret until five minutes before the kick-off of the first match when an impassioned argument with the match officials and tournament organisers ensued. Our first win and a first in GAGG history: acceptance of a unisex team that would soon be taking on the might of Singapore Gaelic Athletic Association and Hong Kong Gaelic Athletic Association.
It was also a committed and confident team raring to go, ready to do Korea proud, that arrived in Manila Airport, where we were bumped into Cathal Friel, a friend from Donegal, on the first leg of a world backpacking trip, who wanted to see for himself what all the commotion was about. While promising he’d be Kimchi Kickers loyal fan #4 it was lightheartedly noted his hiking boots were multipurpose. “You must be joking”, said he.
And so to 8.00am back in the now full of life lobby of the Midtown Hotel, after less than three hours sleep. In the midst of all the cheery smiles, the hearty mix of Irish county, Australian and many imperceptible accents, the good –natured slagging and banter, as old friendships and bonds were rekindled among Gaels from Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai, Thailand, Malaysia and Korea, I had the first spine-tingling moment of many I’d experience over the next two days: Despite the euphoria and the sense of occasion everyone had a single-mindedness. They were here to emulate the spirit of Derek Brady and bring back the Trophy bearing his name to their respective country of temporary exile. It was a great moment to be Irish.
With the outside temperature hitting a sweltering 35 degrees Celsius, by the time we boarded the coach to drive us to the tournament venue we were already covered with sweat. However, it wasn’t just the heat that was concerning the Kimchi Kickers. Our New Zealand goalkeeper wasn’t exactly of sound mind having just returned from a night on the town absolutely the worst for wear.
“But Niall all you need to do is stand there and keep your eyes focused on the ball, we’ll do the rest”.
“But I don’t know the rules”, my second spine-quivering moment.
“We’ll explain”, said the girls, and in one of those “and the way she might look at you” Sally O’Brien moments I was in as goalkeeper for the Kimchi Kickers.
The girls produced a ridiculous looking pair of Nomads Sports Club black shorts, with an outlandish green goalkeeper’s hat, while someone else produced a pair of white runners. I was ready.
We were ready and as we ran out onto the park for our first game the only words ringing in my mind were the conundrum “carry the ball three steps, drop and toe-kick back into the hands, repeat when you’re running up the pitch and then hand-pass”. I recall we got off to the best start possible. Team Malaysia, our first opponents, had decided they could make their own way to the venue by taxi only to become lost in transit.
For the next two days we ran our hearts out… It was absolutely brilliant.
Even now I can visualise the stifling heat, bottles of water flying all over the place, newly recruited belisha beacon-like Cathal Friel running around the pitch in his hiking boots, the two girls scaring the living bejesus out of the opposition through their high-pitched screeching and other choice weapons of mass destruction, and the strong presence and savvy footballing skills of Colin, Ray and Alan. All helped to win the big-hearted crowd over to our underdog status. The personal high for me on the field of play though was the draw with Singapore and my match saving tackle on their leading light. I just remember telling myself he wasn’t going to get past me, closing my eyes and running in his direction. He didn’t and the ensuing crunch hurt a lot, yet the adrenalin rush from hearing the crowd show their appreciation while my fellow Kimchi Kickers patted me on the back had me up in a jig running back to protect our goal, ready for more of the same.
In the end the Kimchi Kickers lost a few games, won one or two. However, the results didn’t matter. What mattered was the courage, dedication, loyalty to team mates, the desire to win, the humbleness in victory, and dignity in defeat that each and every participant confirmed to be the true unique spirit of the Guinness Asia Gaelic Games.
When it was announced I had been voted the Aer Rianta Player of the Tournament / Man of the Match, another spine-tingling moment, I felt truly humbled, an honour I am still very proud of to this day (a very useful piece of GAA metal to highlight in my CV). The post-tournament celebrations and the camaraderie were equally amazing.”
This personal recollection was written by myself — The Goalkeeper — for the Gaelic Games Association Asian County Board website. It is posted here:
http://www.asiancountyboard.com/tournaments/asian-gaelic-games-2013/asian-gaelic-games-1996-2011/196-personal-stories
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170/108 Over Pressure - The Silent Killer
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HULL: An Interview With Xandria Phillips
Someone recently asked me about contemporary queer poets that I would recommend—a considerably hefty question to ask a person, since there are just so many great queer folks truly spearheading poetry scenes everywhere right now—and one of the first that came to mind was Xandria Phillips. Their debut, HULL, out last month, was one of my favorites this year. In 80 pages, Xandria packs in everything a reader could want, seamlessly bridging formal play with thematic substance. The anti-colonial never wavers, adamant and dynamic in its deployment by Phillips throughout HULL, as it’s woven through historical contexts and pulled towards personal, emotional experience. Also, Xandria is just a cool person. More than a poet, they’re a nascent painter (see HULL‘s cover art for reference) and a passionate TV-show analyst, and they were kind enough to talk with me about their latest project, its themes, tokens of affection, and more savory stuff. Check out their new book and go hear them read!
—June Shanahan
June Shanahan: You open the book with the poem “YOU AND I”, a piece whose form could be read column by column, but also across gaps, kind of through columns, opening possibilities for different poems to come forth. This kind of dynamic takes so much careful work to build, so much attention at the site of each word, and it reoccurs in a few other poems in HULL as well. Can you talk about what kind of process went into crafting these particular poems, and perhaps the processes in writing the book as a whole? Where did you begin?
Xandria Phillips: “YOU AND I” is a contrapuntal, meaning it is intentionally crafted to be read as two separate columns, as well as all the way across. I like this form because I think it is a great place to start if you want to showcase polar instances and the ways they might overlap and diverge. I often think about this phrase written by Elizabeth Alexander, “Many things are true at once.” “YOU AND I” began as two separate poems. I made them face each other as columns, and then word-by-word, shifted the language until they were speaking back and forth with each other. The hours clocked here were staggering. I wrote the brunt of it during my MFA and picked the poem back up about two years later to make some final changes. Poems like “STRESS DREAM IN THE KEY OF PROZAC” nod towards this form, while rejecting a consistent passage across sides of the poem. This speaks to a process of divergence that exists in HULL primarily as subtext.
JS: Next to hefty lines like, “I am here because I could / never get the hang of body death, though it has been presented to me like one would offer a roofied cocktail / or high-interest loan,” you write, “I am only here because I am ineligible / to exist otherwise.” I’m curious to hear more about the eligibility you’re alluding to—where is the ‘here’ that you are situated in this poem?
XP: This line borrows from Terrance Hayes a bit. His line from “Lighthead’s Guide to the Galaxy,” “I am here because I could never get the hang of Time.” I’m interested in the way existentialism is at the forefront of this poem. The “here” I am referring to feels split between the present within the poem, the here throughout writing the poem, and the actual present. I consider eligibility to be a form of human legibility. Can I be read in a fashion that elicits humanity when I am in need of help? In moments when I advocate for my own health and well-being, I can feel the way that global history has led me to this acute moment or “predicament of Blackness.” One’s eligibility for help or resources is so often mutable within Blackness.
JS: Though there aren’t really ‘chapters’ necessarily, HULL has a few sections that kind of coagulate, one of which is a series of two-stanza poems that flow out under the heading “INTIMATE ARCHIVES”. With titles like “Angola Penitentiary,” “Tulsa ‘The Black Wall Street’ Bombing,” and “The Tuskegee Experiments,” they all kind of nod at particular places and events in American history. What, would you say, is their common thread? Were these all written together or did they kind of come at different times throughout your writing of HULL?
XP: I wrote these pieces together in a series while considering Maafa, also known as the African Holocaust. Maafa takes into consideration the centuries of torture, occupation, enslavement, and scientific racism that Black people have experienced. There is an unearthing quality to this piece as it incorporates both common knowledge, and lesser-known instances of violence. At the time that I composed this piece, I was in graduate school. I lived in an atmosphere of anti-Blackness without a proper witness. This idea of witness carried over into “Intimate Archives” as I began with the idea that amidst any disaster you might find two people struggling to maintain their love and care for one another. In my work, I try to both dissolve and amplify these wide-spread events into hubs of inwardness and communion.
JS: There’s another series of poems later in the book wherein you’re doing these diurnal chore-like things or going on adventures with these different iconic Black cultural figures — folding laundry with Sara Baartman, self-medicating with Michelle Obama, escaping Virginia with Vester Flanagan — and the spectrum of their icon-statuses, if you will, is super wide-spanned. What was the drive for bringing these otherwise fairly disparate figures together, especially bringing them together in the kinds of scenarios in which you do?
XP: I love this question. I am forever a student of Black studies as both historian and futurist, and because of this, I felt an urge to collaborate with figures I feel pulled to. Anarcha, Edmonia Lewis, Michelle Obama, Sara Baartman, and Vester Flannagan have two things in common: their Blackness, and an astonishing trajectory. I am in many ways writing these figures out of relative obscurity, Vester and Edmonia for instance, who shared landscapes with me, and feel imperative and singular in their navigation of identity and freedom. Michelle Obama is a figure that is hyper-imposed into my imagination, and I wanted to take the opportunity to shuck some of her grandeur for familiarity.
JS: It’s really difficult for me not to just read all of my favorite lines back to you because there are just so many, but I’ll settle for this: the poem “WANT COULD KILL ME,” the line “I want to buy you / a cobalt velvet couch / all your haters’ teeth / strung up like pearls” had me not just smiling but also thinking about tokens of love and the lavishness of desire (especially queer desire). What was the weirdest/coolest thing someone has given you, or that you have given another person, as a token of affection?
XP: Tokens of affection might just be my love language, but you probably guessed that from reading “WANT COULD KILL ME.” Last year my friend KT, who is a visual artist got me a copy of the book Interaction of Color by Josef Albers, as well as a gouache set. Gouache is a hyper-pigmented acrylic paint. They got me these gifts after I gushed to them at a bar for an hour about color. I later used this set to paint the cover of HULL. I was so moved because to me, application is everything, and here I was given material to learn from, and an elevated means to practice it. I think gift-giving is wild because it’s a way to change or bring change to someone else in a non-compulsory way. This gift in particular altered my path considerably.
JS: What kinds of projects are you working on now? Where can we follow you as you go forth with your brilliant light?
XP: I’m currently writing and painting towards a hybrid manuscript entitled Presenting as Blue / Aspiring to Green. I’m having a lot of fun writing about my friends, television shows, and color theory. The plan is for the book to eventually give up on linguistic communication and shift into a visual literary coding project. I’m working on a system to translate language into art so the reader has an opportunity to gaze upon a line’s essence. Presenting as Blue / Aspiring to Green is in a heady and early stage. I will be sure to share its progress via my website: xandriaphillips.com. It’s been wonderful chatting with you, June. +
Order your copy of HULL here!
Xandria Phillips is a poet and visual artist from rural Ohio. They are the author of Reasons For Smoking, which won the 2016 Seattle Review chapbook contest judged by Claudia Rankine. Their poem “For a Burial Free of Sharks” won the 2016 Gigantic Sequins poetry contest judged by Lucas De Lima. Xandria is the poetry editor at Honeysuckle Press, and a teaching artist for Winter Tangerine’s NYC workshops. Their work is featured or forthcoming from Virginia Quarterly Review, Black Warrior Review, Crazyhorse, West Branch, and elsewhere.
Tags: poetry, Interview, Nightboat Books, HULL, Xandria Phillips, blog
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Tag Archives: Alex Wotherspoon
Movies & TV, The Apprentice
Sir Alan Makes His Choice
June 14, 2008 Richard 2 Comments
I’m somewhat getting used to not agreeing with Sir Alan over the final winner of the Apprentice, indeed over the four runs of the competition so far I think I’ve only actually agreed with his choice once.
The grand finale this year pitted Alex and Helene against Lee and Claire, with Sir Alan arbitrarily deciding which team had won, and picking his apprentice from the two on the winning team.
The task involved producing a new fragrance for men, involving giving a sales pitch, and presenting advertising. Both teams made mistakes. Alex and Helene proved to not be able to work together, and largely lost a day deciding on a name. Thanks to their allocated designer, they got a stand out idea for a bottle (and it was interesting watching the boardroom exchanges with Alex trying not to admit that he was given the idea) that could be split into two, which then lead to a name for the product – Dual. Helene tasked with producing the fragrance managed to produce a near clone of the perfume she usually wore, again an embarrassing moment for her in the boardroom. However the task also gave them a fixed price point for the product, and with their fancy bottle, all the margins would be blown.
Things weren’t much better on the other side. In terms of a product, their market research (asking a bunch of plumbers) indicated that men wanted a more male oriented fragrance, so they very much targeted male stereotypes, opting for a near Bond themed launch and product, calling the perfume Roulette, and producing a Bond-esque advert set in a casino. The problem with this was that to the industry guests invited to the launch this seemed to be strongly encouraging gambling, and would be a difficult sell as the main purchasers of fragrances for men are actually women (buying as gifts), so the thought was that the advert and theme would be off-putting to the main purchasers. Scent wise the task fell to Claire, and people were less than impressed, in one case describing it as a seventies throwback.
The split of teams was pretty deliberate I think. Claire has previously shown herself to be strong at presenting, Lee by far the weakest of the final four. Putting the two of them together proved to be beneficial, as Claire was able to help Lee to produce a much better presentation.
In the boardroom, Sir Alan awarded the task win to Lee and Claire, the two candidates most people expected to be in the final anyway, ostensibly because the dual bottle design was too expensive. Then after that, he seemed to fairly swiftly opt for Lee as his apprentice.
To many people Claire was the stronger candidate, but in much the same way as he did last year, Sir Alan has opted for someone with a lot to learn, someone he can shape, rather than the much stronger candidate. Needless to say, much as with Kristina, who is doing rather well for herself, Claire may find that coming in as runner up gives you a much wider choice of opportunities.
However, whilst his choice was a surprise this year, the choice this year has generated more column inches because of the revelation last week that Lee had lied on his CV. When you saw a brief shot of the offending document last week what he had done is quoted the dates of the course, and then put a note underneath that he had not completed it, however when question further on it he didn’t immediately admit the length of time he was there, causing a definite problem when it transpired that the company had contacted the university. Sir Alan, when questioned on this in the You’re Hired following the announcement justified it by saying that everybody fibs on their CV’s, and then made a comment about the expense claims filed by Bordan Tkachuk, the interviewer who had found out about the lie. At this point the camera cut to a not very happy looking Bordan Tkachuk sat in the audience. The decision has also been criticised by other TV businessmen for the message it sends out about being untruthful on a CV – many stating that honesty is a key quality in business.
To some extent, the You’re Hired programmes afterwards proved to be more of a revelation than previously. One interesting point was that Alex very much blew it the week before in the boardroom because he attacked Lucinda. Sir Alan said when asked about why Alex wasn’t suitable said that by that point it was already clear that Lucinda wasn’t going to be picked, and it was unnecessary to do what he did, almost kicking somebody when they were down. Alex tried to justify his actions by pointing out that all the others agreed with him, but largely didn’t get very far with his justification. The programme also looked back at the clash between Helene and Lucinda, made all the more interesting by having Lucinda sat in the audience with the other candidates. Helene tried to defend herself by arguing that it was the pressure of the task and that things were sorted out later, saying that her and Lucinda were on more friendly terms – unfortunately Lucinda didn’t agree.
The other uncomfortable looking former candidate on the programme was Jenny Celerier who was pretty loud throughout the early part of the programme until Sir Alan came on and the infamous kosher Chicken incident came up, and the discussion moved to a discussion about Jenny Celerier and her boardroom tactics. Once again she was heavily criticised for the way she latched on to what Sir Alan was saying and manipulated the boardroom. Certainly of all the candidates this year she has come out by far the worst from the experience being shown bullying other candidates and quite blatantly telling lies to get on. Unfortunately whilst she got her marching orders, the fact that Sir Alan has been seen to let off and employ a liar does tend to lessen the impact. As the article goes on to state that one-in-four companies have rescinded job offers due to dishonest or accurate CV’s. Certainly in previous recruitment processes for technical roles we’ve almost dispensed with interviews before we give candidates a thorough technical test to confirm that they can actually do what they say on their CV – and a worryingly large number of them cannot.
Maybe then it is good news for Lee, but bad news for the rest of us who have to recruit somewhere other than a TV show.
Alan SugarAlex WotherspoonBordan TkachukClaire YoungHelene SpeightLee McQueenLucinda LedgerwoodSir AlanThe Apprentice
Interviewing the Apprentices
June 7, 2008 Richard Leave a comment
As previously, this past week we got two chances to find out a bit more about the remaining Apprentice candidates, firstly with a programme profiling each of the semi-finalists with contributions from friends and family, and secondly with the traditional tough interviews from friends and colleagues of Sir Alan.
Taking the family contributions first, it showed what a diverse background the candidates come from. Some like Alex have had a relatively privileged upbringing, being schooled privately, whilst Lee is the son of a milkman and is driven by wanting to achieve more than his parents did. There were also some troubled backgrounds, Lucinda for example refused to discuss her parents and they did not appear, whereas Helene grew up having to cope with an alcoholic mother.
There were one or two interesting insights from talking to the friends and family, for example Alex, despite his relatively quiet exterior is regarded as being an expert manipulator by his family. The biggest embarrassing comment from a parent has to go to Claire’s Mum who when asked about the fact that her daughter talked too much agreed, and then added that during her early life Claire seemed to scream continually, before almost instantly going over to talking non-stop! She also added that Claire’s technique for dealing with Sir Alan is very similar to how she handles her own father.
The other tit bits that came out included some hints about the candidates current jobs – only Lucinda is currently paid more than Sir Alan is offering – although from comments in the interviews later in the week, Claire is achieving more with her bonus, although her basic salary is below the rate that Sir Alan is offering.
Moving on to the interview show, as is quite often the case, it did turn out to be a bit of a text-book demonstration of things not to do in interviews or job applications. Lucinda committed the classic error of starting to waver over whether she wanted the job at all, and worse than that telling the other candidates. She also had a hard time being the candidate taking a pay cut, a move which for some of the interviewed is incomprehensible – why change jobs for less money! After having disrupted the previously stable working relationship between Lee and Lucinda since he swapped teams a couple of tasks back, Alex continued by bringing this up in the boardroom after the interviews, certainly a move that lost him some fans in the audience. It should be said that this was partly because Alex was on the back foot after the interviews anyway as he had taken a lot of heat for an apparently boring CV. His standard excuse for this has been that he is only twenty-four – the problem being that on this occasion he was being interviewed by people who had achieved significantly more at a younger age.
Alex and Lucinda came out relatively unscathed compared to Lee, who had a catalogue of interview disasters, all the more amazing considering that he has previously worked in recruitment. First off Paul Kemsley asked him to demonstrate his dinosaur impression, something he has done on the show before – this was a test, and what Lee was supposed to do was politely decline – unfortunately he didn’t, and was then on the back foot trying to justify why he had done it in an interview but wouldn’t do it in front of Sir Alan. Claude Litner then picked Lee up on some spelling errors on his typed CV – as he and probably the rest of us were wondering, why didn’t Lee either use a spell checker, or get somebody to proof read the thing. The biggest faux pas however was spotted by Bordan Tkachuk CEO of Viglen, who had checked up on the candidates CV claims, and had been suspicious by some of the attendance dates that Lee had submitted. After giving Lee a couple of opportunities to correct them, Bordan then presented Lee with a letter from Thames Valley University confirming that rather than attending for two years as Lee had claimed, he had only been there for four months. Amazingly, that didn’t get him sacked – a number of people who I’ve chatted to about the programme who have been involved in interviewing for roles have said that something like that almost instantly leaves you to question what else on the application is untrue, and when presented with other suitable candidates, generally means that the person who has lied is out. Considering the problems that Sir Alan later had whittling the candidates down to two, it is a massive surprise that Lee was allowed to stay.
This year, the interviews were changed slightly by the addition of Karen Brady, who had a rather different opinion of some of the candidates, in fact whilst others were expressing concern at Claire’s incessant talking, she went so far as to say that if Sir Alan didn’t offer Claire a job then she would. All of this contributed to a quite surprising conclusion, with Sir Alan being unwilling to reduce the numbers down to two. There were no massively stand-out candidates, each had good points and bad points, so in the end he sacked Lucinda – to be honest she probably would have gone a lot earlier had it not been for the fact she kept being on the winning team. Her doubts about her fit were probably accurate, certainly she probably wouldn’t be a good fit with Sir Alan, and since she is in a well paid job that she enjoys anyway, it doesn’t really matter.
Amongst the four that are left, I think probably the most obvious potential winner is Claire. She has grown considerably over the series, but the main negative point about her is the amount she talks. However she has been shown to be able to modify that behaviour in the later part of the series. Lee has seemed to be a generally good candidate, but the issues over his CV seem to be a big negative, equally Alex has good points, but for me he still doesn’t stand out. Helene is interesting in that she seems to have got this far by virtue of keeping a low profile. Certainly her profile has been low enough that Sir Alan doesn’t seem to feel he knows what she does. She is also from a very different background than the others, coming from a corporate rather than sales background. After the interviews there was some accusation that she was playing on the tough childhood and alcoholic mother, which I thought was rather unfair – certainly it hasn’t really been mentioned until now, and it’s more that it came up in the interviewing than anything else. Sticking my neck out I’d say that Claire will take the prize at the end, but as before I’m not going to be surprised if Sir Alan gives it to somebody else.
Alan SugarAlex WotherspoonBordan TkachukClaire YoungClaude LitnerHelene SpeightKaren BradyLee McQueenLucinda LedgerwoodPaul KemsleySir AlanThe ApprenticeViglen
The End of the Road for Michael
May 28, 2008 Richard Leave a comment
After literally begging for another chance, on the Apprentice last night, Michael finally got his marching orders. Once again he had asked for a chance to prove himself, this time being put in charge of the team for a sales task, something that should have been right up his street.
The task was to sell rental packages for super-cars. The teams had a chance to choose their models – Michael and Alpha going for a mid-price tactic, whilst Lee, in charge of Renaissance went for the much more high risk strategy of taking on the top of the range Pagani Zonda S, which could only be sold in packages of a day or above, starting at £2750 for the day. The other cars could be sold in slots as short as an hour, starting at £65.
As was stated several times, to the right customer – city traders with bonuses basically – the packages would sell themselves, certainly this was the experience for the latter part of the task where the teams went head-to-head in the middle of Docklands, however it was also important to make sales early on, and this is where Michael lost it. Whilst Claire and Helene were selling hours on the Spyker in the city, for some inexplicable reason Michael seemed to think he’d be able to sell firstly in a side street in Knightsbridge, and then in the Portobello Road market. Having said that, looking at how things were going on the other team, it looked like he might be in with a chance anyway. Alex and Lee again tried to drop Lucinda in it by sending her off solo despite the fact that she had no sales experience. First off she was sent off on a pointless task to make raffle tickets that were never used, and then she was left on a street corner trying to sell the Aston Martin, but thinking it was the Zonda. She had about as much luck as Michael. But Alex and Lee weren’t doing much better, and by the afternoon with lots of interest but no sales were starting to wonder if the gamble had been worth it. Docklands was the key though, and with bottles of bubbly to ply the punters, they shifted and impressive £11,815 worth of sales, with even Lucinda managing a sale (of £65).
The situation in Renaissance is probably one of the more intriguing aspects of the past couple of weeks. Prior to Alex being swapped over from the other team, Lee and Lucinda had seemed to be working well together. They had operated successfully both as leader and team member. Alex seems to have upset the balance though. Lee and Alex seem to get on really well, but they also gang up on Lucinda. Last night it was claiming the idea of the raffle as their own, last week it was arguments over design. After the problems earlier on in the series Lucinda is obviously keen to gain credit for her contributions, so has been getting decidedly annoyed when she feels she is being pushed into a corner, and has definitely learned to spot when she is being set up to fail. However, having been the only candidate not to be swapped at any time, remaining on Renaissance for the whole ten weeks, her team has only lost twice (although she was in the boardroom on both occasions).
When it became clear that Alpha had lost again, Michael seemed a sure bet to go, but that’s not how things panned out in the boardroom. Sir Alan was really keen to hear from Helene, someone who has tended to keep a low profile, his thought was that she really wasn’t worth keeping, and as she initially didn’t really respond in the boardroom, whilst Michael was in his full scale begging routine once again, it looked like maybe Sir Alan was right. But faced with the challenge, Helene seemed to wake up and fight her corner – something that is a key skill for the task next week, the interviews – and Michael was finally shown the exit. Whilst I’m pleased he’s finally gone, he has produced some great moments, some of which you can see on his highlight reel – worth it just for the expression on the face of Margaret Mountford part way through…
Next week is usually a week of real surprises. Certainly in previous years candidates I’ve thought were sure fire finalists have fallen, unable to handle the tough interviews. Candidates who have performed fantastically on the tasks have crumpled as their credentials are picked to pieces. We have an interesting mix. Lucinda I’d never expected to see get this far, Lee and Alex are no surprise though. Claire has had a bumpy road, but seems to be learning from past mistakes, and is also a good salesperson. Finally we have Helene who has kept her head down, but might yet prove to be able to talk her way through to the final. I doubt we’ll get anything quite as dramatic as the walkout last year, but I’m sure the Apprentice still has a surprise or two to come.
Alex WotherspoonClaire YoungHelene SpeightLee McQueenLucinda LedgerwoodMargaret MountfordMichael SophoclesPagani ZondaSir AlanSir Alan SugarSpyker C8The Apprentice
Artistic Adverts
I don’t know whether the producers of The Apprentice make a note when they are picking candidates, or whether there is some strange kind of symbiosis between getting on in business and being a frustrated actor or director, but whenever Sir Alan dusts down the advertising task there are always one or two candidates willing to step up to the mark with an attempt to showcase their movie making talents into thirty seconds, and missing the whole point of the task.
This time it was Raef and Michael, who having discovered a shared interest in amateur dramatics launched into scripting their advert before the team had even decided on a brand for their box of tissues – the choice of product for the advertising task this year. Fellow team members Claire and Helene were pretty well left to get on with designing the box, putting together the press advert and the final presentation, while Raef and Michael recruited Siân Lloyd for their advert and produced a beautifully shot fifty second drama to try to win the task. The problem? It had to be thirty seconds, so they cut the in-your-face product shot, and cut their start turn down to a blink-and-you-miss-it moment, leaving mainly a sequence with two child actors sharing a tissue, but without the product box in sight. Claire pulled together a slick presentation, and a nice tasteful box for their “i ♥ my tissuesâ€? line, almost in spite of the lack of leadership from Raef.
Over on the other team, Lucinda was having creative differences with Alex and Lee as they produced a garish bright yellow box covered in pictures of people sneezing, and a cheesy, not very well shot advert that blatantly placed the product in shot multiple times, and repeatedly mentioned the equally cheesy product name “atishu!�. The creative differences scuppered the presentation, with Lee seeming pretty embarrassed at the lousy performance he gave.
So when it came to the boardroom, Raef and co seemed a picture of confidence, the opposition had produced a lousy looking add and a garish product, and his team had put on a slick show. But they’d missed the vital point, however good the production values, the advert didn’t show the product. Subtle advertising is not what Sir Alan is about. He never wants artistry, he wants to shift merchandise, so it was Raef that was shown the door, like a number of other budding Apprentice directors before.
The moral for next years candidates – when Sir Alan hands you a video camera, don’t forget the purpose of the film…
AdvertAdvertisingAlan SugarAlex Wotherspoonatishu!Claire YoungHelene Speighti ♥ my tissuesLee McQueenLucinda LedgerwoodMichael SophoclesRaef BjayouSiân LloydSir AlanThe Apprentice
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Maple Leafs rebound to beat Bruins in Game 3 of first-round series
Terry Koshan
Updated: April 17, 2018 8:44 AM EDT
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TORONTO — Stand witness, indeed.
The Maple Leafs, considered to be all but dead in some corners following the first two games of their first-round series against the Boston Bruins, are back.
Winners of a club-record 29 games at the Air Canada Centre during the regular season, the Leafs shrugged off a couple of dismal results in Boston and beat the Bruins 4-2 on Monday night.
“I didn’t feel like we played to the capability we’re capable of, so it was definitely a statement game for us,” Auston Matthews said.
“We knew this was kind of a do-or-die game for us. We’ve been good at home. The crowd was into it and it was a fun game. A good win.”
The Bruins lead the Eastern Conference best-of-seven 2-1 with Game 4 set for Thursday night in Toronto.
The victory also means the Leafs will have Nazem Kadri again in the playoffs, as the centre will return from a three-game suspension for Game 5 on Saturday in Boston.
While Matthews got his first point of the series when he scored in the second period — a goal which also was his first career game-winner in the playoffs — the Leafs had contributors hopping over the boards on every shift.
AUSTON.#StandWitness | #StanleyCup pic.twitter.com/gJw7zD6bFR
— Toronto Maple Leafs (@MapleLeafs) April 17, 2018
Patrick Marleau, the crafty 38-year-old veteran, scored two goals, including one for insurance with under four minutes to play when he kept on a two-on-one and beat Bruins goalie Tuukka Rask on the glove side.
Oh My Marleau.#StandWitness | #StanleyCup pic.twitter.com/WrgEBuCqG2
There was goaltender Frederik Andersen, excellent after allowing a couple of soft goals, finishing with 40 saves, including on all 18 shots he faced in the third period. And keep in mind Andersen was stellar after getting the hook in Game 2.
Andersen’s stick save on David Pastrnak was nothing short of ridiculous, with Matthews telling reporters it was “one of the best saves I’ve ever seen.”
Toronto Maple Leafs Auston Matthews during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Tim Schaller at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Mitch Marner during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Torey Krug (front) and Brad Marchand at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Mitch Marner during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Brad Marchand (left) and Charlie McAvoy at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs William Nylander during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Zdeno Chara at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk watches the puck go into the net during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Zdeno Chara and goalie Tuukka Rask at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk celebrates his first period Round 1 Game 3 goal against the Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk (right) and Tyler Bozak celebrate a first period Round 1 Game 3 goal against the Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk (centre and Tyler Bozak (left) and Mitch Marner celebrate a first period Round 1 Game 3 goal against the Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs celebrate a first period Round 1 Game 3 goal against the Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Mitch Marner during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Torey Krug (left) and Adam McQuaid at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk during second period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Charlie McAvoy at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs goalie Frederik Andersen keep his eye on the puck during second period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs James van Riemsdyk during second period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Rick Nash at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs celebrate a goal during second period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Connor Brown during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Charlie McAvoy at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs William Nylander during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Connor Brown during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Danton Heinen at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Morgan Rielly and Tomas Plekanec during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Auston Matthews during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins Torey Krugat the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Morgan Rielly during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins David Pastrnak at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Patrick Marleau goes in for a goal during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against past Boston Bruins goalie Tuukka Rask at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Patrick Marleau celebrates a goal during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Patrick Marleau (centre) celebrates his goal during third period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs Patrick Marleau during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Toronto Maple Leafs president Brendan Shanahan watches the Leafs during first period Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Leafs' fans cheer on the Toronto Maple Leafs during Round 1 Game 3 action against Boston Bruins at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ont. on Monday April 16, 2018. Ernest Doroszuk/Toronto Sun/Postmedia Network
Leafs at home playoff victory over Boston Bruins
And how about that Patrice Bergeron line, so prolific for the Bruins back at home with a total of 20 points in Games 1 and 2?
Leafs coach Mike Babcock moved Tomas Plekanec up to the second line between Marleau and Mitch Marner, using the trio often against Bergeron, Brad Marchand and Pastrnak. While the Bergeron group had its chances, it did not score, and after a couple of months of wandering in the wilderness with Toronto, Plekanec’s savvy came through.
Always hug your goalie. #StandWitness | #StanleyCup pic.twitter.com/EID9Az4pWS
In the bigger picture, the Leafs team that hit the ice on Monday night before a boisterous crowd of 19,663 resembled closely the group that racked up a franchise-record 105 points during the regular season.
Speed, which had not been as evident in the first two games in Boston, was a defining factor again. The Leafs supported each other in the offensive zone, keeping Rask on his toes and ensuring the Bruins defencemen were consistently looking over their shoulders.
“We had a better push,” Babcock said. “Our goaltender, kind of part way through the game, really settled in and got playing the way he’s capable of playing. That made huge difference for us.
“Our fans and our building, we had last change, all those things. We’ve been good at home all year. It’s nice to get one here. We’ve got a couple of days now to get regrouped and get ready for the next one.”
1st Star: @f_andersen30 #StandWitness pic.twitter.com/luMQAkgAlx
The Leafs were disciplined as well, going shorthanded once after the Bruins scored five power-play goals on 10 opportunities in the first two games.
James van Riemsdyk gave the Leafs a 1-0 lead late in the first period on what was Toronto’s only power play of the game, marking the first time in the series Boston trailed.
This is @JVReemer21’s office.#StandWitness | #StanleyCup pic.twitter.com/ivliX25K00
After Andersen allowed a shot by Adam McQuaid into the net early in the second, the Leafs responded 43 seconds later when Marner fed Marleau.
Marner ➡️ Marleau ➡️ 🚨 #TMLtalk | #StanleyCup pic.twitter.com/FFbaNFfdgM
It was 2-2, though, thanks to a nice goal by Zdeno Chara, who banked the puck in off Andersen’s mask at 6:19.
Matthews’ first of the post-season came on a pass from William Nylander — also the latter’s first point of the series — and Toronto managed to hold the one-goal lead until Marleau’s second of the night at 16:25 of the third.
The Leafs had a scare when Andreas Johnsson left the game in the third after a collision with Marchand, but he returned, calling it “a relief.”
It’s possible the Leafs, who will have a day off on Tuesday, will get forward Leo Komarov back for Game 4.
They did just fine without him, and Kadri, on Monday.
“It was crazy, it was great,” Marleau said of the atmosphere. “I look forward to the next one.
“I think just using that excitement and energy from the fans … having the second change is something that you try to take advantage of, but for the most part, it’s just having that energy.”
tkoshan@postmedia.com
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Frederik Andersen
Mike Babcock
Tomas Plekanec
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Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins (over 190,000 names).
I've added a new "hot key" to my Welcome Page. It is the ancestry of my husband and is called "Dennis Lundahl's Genealogy Site." His ancestry includes people from Sweden (Skåna & Väster Götland (was Skaraborg) counties), Switzerland (Solothurn canton), & New York State Palatine & Dutch settlers. "Last Edited Date" is now a data element in each record. My ancestry is from New England, Virginia, England, Scotland, Germany, & Switzerland (as of 31 December 2019). My current concentration is on combining the database of a dear friend who recently passed away with my database. Her ancestry is heavily into New England, with additional ancestry from Scotland & Switzerland.
Dennis Lundahl's Genealogy Site
Bardon I de Cognac, Seigneur de Cognac1,2,3
Last Edited 6 May 2013
M, #40385, b. circa 1085, d. circa 1131
Father Helie IV de Cognac, Seigneur de Chambarot2 b. c 1057, d. c 1094
Mother (Miss) de Pons2 b. c 1060
Charts Some Descendants of Charlemagne (#1)
Some Descendants of Charlemagne (#2)
Bardon I de Cognac, Seigneur de Cognac was born circa 1085.2 He married Emma de Limoges, daughter of Ademar III "le Barbu", Vicomte de Limoges and Marie des Cars, before 1110.1,3 Bardon I de Cognac, Seigneur de Cognac died circa 1131; Buried at Cognac St. Leger.2
Emma de Limoges
Ithier IV de Cognac, Seigneur de Cognac+2 b. c 1115, d. c 1148
[S11569] Europaische Stammtafeln, by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, Vol. III, Tafel 773.
[S59] GeneaNet.
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 128.
Alberee de Beaumont1
Last Edited 7 Oct 1998
F, #40386
Father Sir Robert de Bellomont, Comte de Meulan, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, Pont-Audemer, Brionne, & Vatteville b. c 1046, d. 5 Jun 1118
Mother Isabel de Vermandois1 b. 1081, d. b 17 Feb 1147
Alberee de Beaumont married Hugues II, Sire de Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais circa 1120.1
Hugues II, Sire de Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais
Agnes de Beaumont1
Last Edited 13 Aug 2004
Agnes de Beaumont married William de Say, Baron d'Aunay.1
William de Say, Baron d'Aunay
Godehilde de Toeny
Last Edited 5 Mar 2014
F, #40388, d. October 1097
Father Ralph III de Tony, Seigneur de Conches & Toéni (Tosny), Lord of Flamstead1 d. 24 Mar 1102
Mother Elizabeth de Montfort1 d. a 1110
Charts Some Descendants of Charlemagne
Godehilde de Toeny married Sir Robert de Bellomont, Comte de Meulan, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, Pont-Audemer, Brionne, & Vatteville, son of Roger de Beaumont, Seigneur de Pont Audemer, Brionne, la Haye-Aubrée, Sahuz, Tourville, & Vieilles and Adeline de Meulan; This marriage is not recognized in Royal Ancestry.2 Godehilde de Toeny Also married Baldwin I de Boulogne, Count of Edessa, King of Jerusalem (d. Mar 1118).1 She and Sir Robert de Bellomont, Comte de Meulan, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, Pont-Audemer, Brionne, & Vatteville were divorced before 1096.1 Godehilde de Toeny died in October 1097.1
Sir Robert de Bellomont, Comte de Meulan, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, Pont-Audemer, Brionne, & Vatteville b. c 1046, d. 5 Jun 1118
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. V, p. 270-271.
Eupheme de Cantelou1
Last Edited 21 Nov 2004
F, #40389, b. 1120, d. 1154
Eupheme de Cantelou Her brother is William Canteloupe (Record 6738).2 She was born in 1120.1 She married Sir Alberic III de Vere, 1st Earl Oxford, Earl of Essex, son of Aubrey II de Vere, Sheriff of London & Middlesex, Lord Hedington and Adeliza (Alice) de Clare, in 1139.2 Eupheme de Cantelou and Sir Alberic III de Vere, 1st Earl Oxford, Earl of Essex were divorced before 1154.2 Eupheme de Cantelou died in 1154.1
Sir Alberic III de Vere, 1st Earl Oxford, Earl of Essex b. 1120, d. 26 Dec 1194
[S11588] Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, 97, 25.
[S11588] Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, p. 97.
Mathilde1
Last Edited 1 Dec 2019
F, #40390, d. 1082
Mathilde married Ingelbert III van Peteghem, son of Ingelbert II van Peteghem and Glismode (Guismode).1 Mathilde died in 1082.1
Ingelbert III van Peteghem d. a 1052
Ingelbert IV Peteghem, Vogt von Cysoing & Peteghem+1 d. a 1135
[S2] Detlev Schwennicke, Europaische Stammtafeln, New Series, Vol. XXVIII, Tafel 91.
Sir Henry Inglose1
Last Edited 9 Jun 2013
M, #40391, b. circa 1400, d. 1 July 1451
Father Sir Henry Inglose1 b. c 1375
Mother Anne Gyney1 b. c 1376
Sir Henry Inglose was born circa 1400 at of Dilham, Norfolk, England.1 He married Amy (Amice) Wythe, daughter of Sir John Wythe and Sybil St. Omer, before 1427.1 Sir Henry Inglose left a will on 20 June 1451; Requested burial at Horsham Priory, Norfolk.1 He died on 1 July 1451.1 His estate was probated on 4 July 1451.1
Amy (Amice) Wythe d. a 1440
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 232.
Sir Henry Inglose was born circa 1375 at of Dilham, Norfolk, England.1 He married Anne Gyney, daughter of Roger Gyney, circa 1397.1
Anne Gyney b. c 1376
Sir Henry Inglose1 b. c 1400, d. 1 Jul 1451
MacBeth, Prince of Scotland
M, #40393, d. 1057
Father Sigurd II, 7th Jarl of Orkney d. 23 Apr 1014
Mother Bethoc of Scotland b. c 984
MacBeth, Prince of Scotland died in 1057; In battle.
Maud Lucy
Maud Lucy married Walter de Clare, son of Richard de Clare, Lord of Clare and Rohese Giffard.
Walter de Clare
Findleach MacRory, Mormaer of Moray
Findleach MacRory, Mormaer of Moray married Bethoc of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm II, King of Scotland & Strathclyde. Findleach MacRory, Mormaer of Moray died in 1020.
Bethoc of Scotland b. c 984
Dungal, Prince of Scotland
Last Edited 30 Sep 2009
M, #40396, d. 999
Father Kenneth II, King of Scotland d. 995
Mother (Miss) of Leinster
Dungal, Prince of Scotland died in 999.
Margaret de Bohun
Margaret de Bohun married Walter de Clare, son of Richard de Clare, Lord of Clare and Rohese Giffard.
Dolfin, Ruler of Cumbria1
M, #40398, d. after 1092
Father Cospatrick, Earl Dunbar & Northumberland, Lord of Carlisle & Allendale b. c 1040, d. c 1075
Mother (Miss) FitzEdmund
Dolfin, Ruler of Cumbria died after 1092.1
[S11565] The Scots Peerage, Vol. III, edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, p. 243.
Erlend, Co-Jarl of Orkney1
Father Thorfinn II, Jarl of Orkney b. 1009, d. c 1056
Mother Ingebiorg of Halland2 d. b 17 Feb 1068
Erlend, Co-Jarl of Orkney married Thora Somerledsdatter, daughter of Somerled Uspaksson.3 Erlend, Co-Jarl of Orkney died after 1099 at Nikaros; In captivity.4
Thora Somerledsdatter
Gunnhild of Orkney+5
[S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. X, Appendix A, p. 14-16.
[S11569] Europaische Stammtafeln, by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, Vol. X, Appendix A, p. 13.
[S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. X, Appendix A, p. 16.
[S11569] Europaische Stammtafeln, by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, Vol. II, Tafel 80.
Guilbert (Guérard) de Gerberoy, Sire & Chatelain de Gerberoy, Seigneur de Lachapelle & Wambez1,2
M, #40400, b. circa 1075, d. 1131
Father Sir Hédouin II de Gerberoy, Seigneurr de Gerberoy & Martincourt2 b. c 1045, d. 1108
Mother Edwige de Gournay2 b. c 1046, d. 1098
Guilbert (Guérard) de Gerberoy, Sire & Chatelain de Gerberoy, Seigneur de Lachapelle & Wambez was born circa 1075 at of Gerberoy, Oise, Picardie, France.2 He married Marguerite de Clermont, daughter of Hugh de Clermont, Comte de Clermont, Mouchy-St. Elou, Gournay, Luzarches, Breuil-le-Vert, & Creil and Marguerite de Montdidier, in 1104.1,2 Guilbert (Guérard) de Gerberoy, Sire & Chatelain de Gerberoy, Seigneur de Lachapelle & Wambez died in 1131.2
Marguerite de Clermont
Sir Elie de Gerberoy, Sire & Chatelain de Gerberoy+2 b. c 1109, d. 1169
Somerled, Jarl of Orkney1
M, #40401, d. circa 1015
Somerled, Jarl of Orkney died circa 1015.1
[S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. X, Appendix A, p. 9.
Einar II 'Wrymouth', Jarl of Orkney1
Einar II 'Wrymouth', Jarl of Orkney died in 1020 at Sandwick, Hrossey; Killed by Thorkel Amundisson "the Fosterer".1
Riverius Stilson
M, #40403, b. 26 July 1744, d. 1802
Father Moses Stilson b. 25 Dec 1705, d. 1777
Mother Mary Beers b. 9 Jul 1708, d. 1766
Riverius Stilson was born on 26 July 1744 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT. He married Anna Baldwin, daughter of Theophilus Baldwin and Jerusha Beecher, on 6 August 1767 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT. Riverius Stilson died in 1802 at of New Milford, Litchfield, CT.
Anna Baldwin b. 24 Nov 1744, d. 29 Oct 1811
Polly Stilson b. 17 Mar 1770, d. 24 Jun 1855
Anna Baldwin
Last Edited 11 Jan 2010
F, #40404, b. 24 November 1744, d. 29 October 1811
Father Theophilus Baldwin1 b. 1694, d. 1745
Mother Jerusha Beecher1 b. 1 Sep 1705
Anna Baldwin was born on 24 November 1744 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT.1 She married Riverius Stilson, son of Moses Stilson and Mary Beers, on 6 August 1767 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT. Anna Baldwin died on 29 October 1811 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT, at age 66.
Riverius Stilson b. 26 Jul 1744, d. 1802
[S61] Unknown author, Family Group Sheets, Family History Archives, SLC.
Maelsnectai, Mormaer of Moray1
Father Lulach, King of Albany, Chief of Clan Duff b. c 1032, d. 17 Mar 1058
Maelsnectai, Mormaer of Moray died in 1085; A monk at his death.1
[S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 153.
Christina of England1
Father Edward 'the Exile', King of England b. 1016, d. 10 Apr 1057
Mother Agatha of Derlingau1 d. a 1066
Christina of England died at Romsey, England; A nun.1
[S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 8.
M, #40407, b. 27 February 1737, d. 13 April 1814
Father Enoch Buck b. 5 Apr 1683, d. c 1745
Mother Mary Beebe b. 26 Sep 1699, d. c 1745
Daniel Buck was born on 27 February 1737 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT. He married Ann Denton, daughter of Benjamin Denton and Rachel Wheeler, on 9 October 1756 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT. Daniel Buck died on 13 April 1814 at New Milford, Litchfield, CT, at age 77.
Ann Denton b. 10 Oct 1733, d. 20 Apr 1776
Hannah Buck b. c 1767
Giric of Scotland1
M, #40408, d. circa 25 March 1005
Father Kenneth III, King of Albany d. c 25 Mar 1005
Giric of Scotland died circa 25 March 1005.1
Gillacomgain of Scotland1
Gillacomgain of Scotland died in 999; Killed.1
Malcolm, King of Strathclyde1
M, #40410, d. circa 990
Father Duff (Dubh), King of Albany d. 967
Malcolm, King of Strathclyde died circa 990.1
Sir Alan de Swinton
Father Ernulf (Ernald) de Swinton d. b 1166
Sir Alan de Swinton died circa 1200.1
[S11571] A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. III, by John Burke, Esq., p. 486.
Eleanor de Ferrers1,2,3
Last Edited 8 Feb 2014
F, #40412, d. 16 October 1274
Father Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl Derby, Constable of Bolsover Castle1,4,3 b. c 1193, d. 24 Mar 1254
Mother Sybil Marshal1,4,3 d. b 1238
Eleanor de Ferrers married Sir Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, Constable of Scotland, son of Sir Saher de Quincy, Magna Carta Baron, 1st Earl of Wincester, Constable of Fotheringhay Castle, Keeper of Canford & Hedingham Castles and Margaret de Beaumont, circa 17 January 1253; Without license from the King. They had no issue.5,1,2,3 Eleanor de Ferrers married Sir Roger de Leybourne, Sheriff of Kent & Cumberland, son of Roger de Leyburn, Lord Berwick and Alianore Turnham, before 8 September 1267.6,1,2,3 Eleanor de Ferrers died on 16 October 1274; She had married (1) William de Vaux of Tharston & Houghton, Norfolk (d. about 5 December 1252).1,3
Sir Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, Constable of Scotland b. c 1195, d. 25 Apr 1264
Sir Roger de Leybourne, Sheriff of Kent & Cumberland d. 5 Nov 1271
[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 412-413.
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 443-445.
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 561-562.
[S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. XII/2, p. 753.
[S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. VII, p. 634.
Lorette de Quincy1,2,3
Father Sir Saher de Quincy, Magna Carta Baron, 1st Earl of Wincester, Constable of Fotheringhay Castle, Keeper of Canford & Hedingham Castles4,5 b. c 1160, d. 3 Nov 1219
Mother Margaret de Beaumont4,5 b. c 1155, d. 12 Jan 1235
Lorette de Quincy married Sir William de Valoines, Chamberlain of Scotland, son of Philip de Valoniis, Chamberlain of Scotland; They had 3 daughters (Lora/Lorette, wife of Henry de Balliol; Isabel, wife of David Comyn; & Christine, wife of Peter Maule).1,2,3 Lorette de Quincy was born circa 1198.1
Sir William de Valoines, Chamberlain of Scotland d. c 21 Jun 1219
Christian de Valoines+6,2,3 d. a 1290
Lora de Valoines+2,3 d. bt 1265 - 1272
[S11588] Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, p. 100.
[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 409.
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 440.
[S11586] The Scots Peerage, Vol. VII, edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, p. 5.
Hartmann III, Graf von Kyburg1,2
Last Edited 25 Jun 2003
M, #40414, d. 27 November 1264
Father Ulric III, Count of Kyburg2 d. 1227
Mother Anna von Zähringen2
A contract for the marriage of Hartmann III, Graf von Kyburg and Margareta of Savoy was signed on 1 June 1218 at Mouden.1,2 Hartmann III, Graf von Kyburg died on 27 November 1264; Buried at Wettingen.1,3
Margareta of Savoy b. 1212, d. 4 Sep 1270
[S11569] Europaische Stammtafeln, by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, Vol. II, Tafel 190.
[S11569] Europaische Stammtafeln, by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, Vol. XII, Tafel 32.
[S11582] CD-ROM: Nobility of the Holy Roman Empire and Other European Nobility, by GenQuest.
I've added a new "hot key" to my Welcome Page. It is the ancestry of my husband and is called "Dennis Lundahl's Genealogy Site." His ancestry includes people from Sweden (Skåna & Väster Götland (was Skaraborg) counties), Switzerland (Solothurn canton), & New York State Palatine & Dutch settlers. "Last Edited Date" is now a data element in each record. My ancestry is from New England, Virginia, England, Scotland, Germany, & Switzerland (as of 31 December 2019). My current concentration is on combining the database of a dear friend who recently passed away with my database. Her ancestry is heavily into New England, with additional ancestry from Scotland & Switzerland. I've also taken time to fill in my Hoover and Brooks ancestry.
Compiler: Mr. Marlyn Lewis, Portland, OR
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Home | Topics A-Z | Health | Physical Health Issues
Keys to Collaboration Between Hospital-based Violence Intervention and Cure Violence Programs (2018) OVC-Sponsored, Grant, 16 pages, NCJ 251823.
The Healing Justice Alliance, with funding support from OVC, published this report to help guide communities that are implementing, or are interested in implementing, both hospital-based violence intervention and cure violence programs to address violence impacting young males.
National TeleNursing Center: Program Evaluation Final Report (October 2018) OVC-Sponsored, Grant, 76 pages, NCJ 253059.
OVC funded the National TeleNursing Center (NTC) to develop and evaluate telemedicine in providing consultation to Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) nurses conducting forensic sexual assault medical examinations in remote and/or underserved hospitals. This report provides an overview of the development of the NTC, presents data on the delivery of services, provides updated results of site clinicians’ experiences with telenursing services, and discusses lessons learned from over five years of project implementation.
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program Development and Operation Guide (August 2016) OVC, 2 pages, NCJ 250082.
This Guide serves as a blueprint to improve your SANE program and ensure that all sexual assault victims receive the highest standard of patient-centered care.
Bruising as a Forensic Marker of Physical Elder Abuse (February 2009) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 27 pages, NCJ 226457.
Sixty-seven adults ages 65 and older reported to adult protective services for suspected physical elder abuse were examined to document the location and size of bruises and assess whether they were inflicted during physical abuse.
Mandatory Reporting of Nursing Home Deaths: Markers for Mistreatment, Effect on Care Quality, and Generalizability Final Report (2008) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 97 pages, NCJ 221893.
This study collected follow-up data for a previous study in exploring the potential impact of a 1999 Arkansas law that mandates the reporting of all nursing home deaths to the local coroner.
Bruising in the Geriatric Population (June 2006) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 22 pages, NCJ 214649.
This study examined the occurrence, progression, and resolution of accidental bruising in a sample of adults ages 65 and older, in order to provide a knowledge base for the comparative identification of abusive bruising of elderly individuals.
Impact Evaluation of a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program (2003) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, NIJ Research Report, 128 pages, NCJ 203276.
This report details the findings of the University of New Mexico Hospital Emergency Medicine Department's comprehensive outcome evaluation of the Albuquerque Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Collaborative.
Part Of the NIJ Research Report Series Abstract | PDF
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (VCF) has been reinstated and will provide compensation for any individual (or a personal representative of a deceased individual) who suffered physical harm or was killed as a result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, or the debris removal efforts that took place in the immediate aftermath of those crashes. On January 2, 2011, President Obama signed into law the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-347) which expands the pool of applicants eligible for the Fund to include individuals who experienced injuries associated with the attacks or subsequent debris removal. The VCF site allows users to obtain a list of the kinds of documents and information needed in order to process claims; register for the VCF online, the first step in submitting your claim; fill out an online eligibility form to determine VCF eligibility; submit a claim online; and review Frequently Asked Questions.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): Indian Health Service
IHS is responsible for providing federal health services to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Center on Child Abuse and Neglect
The Center on Child Abuse and Neglect offers assessment and treatment for children who have been abused or neglected, adolescent sex offenders, and women and the children of women who used inappropriate substances during pregnancy.
National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP)
NCAVP addresses the pervasive problem of violence committed against and within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and HIV-affected communities.
National Network of Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs
Violence is preventable, and trauma centers and emergency rooms have a golden moment of opportunity at the hospital bedside to engage with a victim of violence and to stop the cycle of violence. The Network's purpose is to strengthen existing programs and help develop similar programs in communities across the country.
On Aug 29 2012 at 2:00PM, Vivian Brown, founder and former CEO of Prototypes, and Amy Fleischauer, LMSW, Director of Victim Services at the International Institute of Buffalo, hosted a discussion on Implementing Trauma-Informed Care in Victim Services Settings
On Apr 7 2010 at 2:00PM, Anne Ream, founder of The Voices and Faces Project, hosted a discussion on Raising Awareness for Survivors of Child Abuse and Neglect
What is the Antiterrorism and Emergency Assistance Grant Program (AEAP)?
The Office for Victims of Crime uses AEAP to help jurisdictions respond to victims’ immediate and on... Read More
How can I order the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) DVD, Cómo Recuperarse de sus Lesiones Relacionadas con el Delito, NCJ 215732?
The Cómo Recuperarse de sus Lesiones Relacionadas con el Delito DVD, NCJ 215732, can be ordered thro... Read More
How can I learn about effective victim service programs?
The CrimeSolutions.gov website uses rigorous research to inform practitioners and policymakers about... Read More
Is technical assistance available for the implementation of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination (SAFE) Protocol?
The National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations: Adults/Adolescents, Second E... Read More
Keys to Collaboration Between Hospital-based Violence Intervention and Cure Violence Programs (2018) OVC-Sponsored, Grant, 16 pages, NCJ 251823. The Healing Justice Alliance, with funding support from OVC, published this report to help guide communities that are implementing, or are interested in implementing, both hospital-based violence intervention and cure violence programs to address violence impacting young males.
National TeleNursing Center: Program Evaluation Final Report (October 2018) OVC-Sponsored, Grant, 76 pages, NCJ 253059. OVC funded the National TeleNursing Center (NTC) to develop and evaluate telemedicine in providing consultation to Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) nurses conducting forensic sexual assault medical examinations in remote and/or underserved hospitals. This report provides an overview of the development of the NTC, presents data on the delivery of services, provides updated results of site clinicians’ experiences with telenursing services, and discusses lessons learned from over five years of project implementation.
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program Development and Operation Guide (August 2016) OVC, 2 pages, NCJ 250082. This Guide serves as a blueprint to improve your SANE program and ensure that all sexual assault victims receive the highest standard of patient-centered care.
Bruising as a Forensic Marker of Physical Elder Abuse (February 2009) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 27 pages, NCJ 226457. Sixty-seven adults ages 65 and older reported to adult protective services for suspected physical elder abuse were examined to document the location and size of bruises and assess whether they were inflicted during physical abuse.
Mandatory Reporting of Nursing Home Deaths: Markers for Mistreatment, Effect on Care Quality, and Generalizability Final Report (2008) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 97 pages, NCJ 221893. This study collected follow-up data for a previous study in exploring the potential impact of a 1999 Arkansas law that mandates the reporting of all nursing home deaths to the local coroner.
Bruising in the Geriatric Population (June 2006) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, 22 pages, NCJ 214649. This study examined the occurrence, progression, and resolution of accidental bruising in a sample of adults ages 65 and older, in order to provide a knowledge base for the comparative identification of abusive bruising of elderly individuals.
Impact Evaluation of a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program (2003) NIJ-Sponsored, Grant, NIJ Research Report, 128 pages, NCJ 203276. This report details the findings of the University of New Mexico Hospital Emergency Medicine Department's comprehensive outcome evaluation of the Albuquerque Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Collaborative.
Part Of the NIJ Research Report Series
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Tag Archives: illegitimately
The “Powers’” Great Accolade – “Brand Pedo”
Imagine, if you will, there existed a world populated only by biological automatons that were solely allowed to survive at the behest of a vague commercial bureaucracy. Because of this uncertainty, imagine if none of these automatons realised they were abject properties of a brutal federal control program. If the slave masters, the “authorities”, decided they desired to stamp their immense power over will, to “once and for all” demonstrate their authority over the slave classes, could they outlaw or remove all fluid or solid sustenance resources without losing or graphically impairing their prized stock? Could they make the air unfit for consumption or destroy all known shelter to stress their despotic ambition? No, the only the true liberty they could possibly take away without permanently impairing labour is “unnecessary” sexuality. That world does exist. It is planet Earth and the ignorant, naive biological automatons are human slaves; fodders dedicated for a system that deliberately transcends spiritual logic and reason in order to complete and maintain its program,
By corporate commercial determination, per “the program”, paedophilia is the root of all evil, and for reasons that so firmly contradict erudite populism, truth has become obsolete. The term paedophilia itself is nonsensical was it not for the fact that just about everyone has been radicalised into believing trappings of propaganda. So, going back to basics, it would be correct to start by analysing authentic etymology of terms in order to corroborate any coherent meanings. Only by careful analysis of the cold, dry facts can sound “basis” encapsulating the mainstreamers’ obtuse view be deciphered.
Paedophilia is a combination of two Greek words. One (paidos) means child and this is topically self-explanatory. The other, philos, calculates rather more problematic interpretation. Yes it translates to mean “love” as would be expected within the cognitive frame of child love. Nevertheless, the Greeks had three words (eros, agape and philos) to represent the emotion. Eros is used to convey an earthy erotic, sexual passion or lust. Agape is an emotional spiritual bond that perhaps might signify symptoms such as pity, togetherness or other deep soul connections (shall we say). Philos proposes a brave new world, one that is generally estranged from the Western concept of love. It is the Greeks’ “intellectual love” evocation and this might be best appraised as “to be on the same wavelength” (with others). Respect of a peer would make an acceptable version of the same concept.
Therefore paedophilia literally means “respect for children”, so how on earth did it translate into the ugly mess that has embraced the greatest of all modern day hysterias?
It seems likely (though I find no evidence of historic accountability) that the term was originally sponsored by those that formed special liaisons with children. It was a way of justifying engagements that might have otherwise been frowned upon by wider society. Promiscuity is a revelation of modern times, awoken by the 1960’s flower power sexual revolution. Prior to that lust outside marriage was a profound negative and “age restriction” on unions had been superficially imposed by religious authorities for so long that physical adult child pairings would have seemed unconscionable. This is not to say rules were not broken behind closed doors. Suffice to say, prior to the 1960’s suspicious borderline adult relationships would have had to have been considered lust free but always either plausibly “working towards marriage” or “undeniably platonic” for seemly social tolerance.
It was only after sexual revolution, political authority saw value in promoting homosexuality as a crass attempt to pervert all sexual relationships (i.e. by reversing principled traditionalism that defines sexual intercourse as a procreation precaution and not as a recreational tool, cultural insanity was born. Of course, this merely acts as a stepping stone towards outright control of the human mind – “you will behave as we say anytime we lecture you”). Thus those rabid synthesised outcries at phantom paedophilia are backed off strategized and scoped political support aimed at positively accelerating homosexual causes. “Contradictory” pederasty was most recently (1600’s onwards) adopted by the French (pederastie) from the Latin paederastia (Greek – paiderastia) and popularly translates to mean “lover of boys”.
Remarkable French piano prodigy and composer Camille Saint-Saens, a covert gay of the high Victorian period, once famously reported, “I am not a homosexual. I am a pederast”. This ironically demonstrates how much values have changed. Homosexuality was stigmatised because it was deeply hated (though undoubtedly egged on by political shit-stirrers) throughout cosmopolitan society and, therefore, illegal. Underage sex was not illegal, but because sex outside marriage was so universally chastised, “decent” normal folks would have found the practice unthinkable.
Even so Saint-Saens innocently reveals evidence of two streams of social conditioning. To admit to have been homosexual would have enraged retribution to beyond the pale so it was denied. Yet to confirm his overt but ambiguous paedophilia was the best way of diffusing allegations against him and shutting up critics. Of course there is much more to this tale (which circulated around his regular trips to Algeria – a place renowned for egregious sexual tolerance at the time). Saint-Saens cast himself as the paternal spirit ever excited by the ambitions of youthful innocent exuberance and not as a lecherous molester of children.
Ancient sexual roots of pederasty were neither explored nor acknowledged as relationships were symbolised as paternally platonic per the cultural view. However, the stem “erasty” is a version of erasthai (Latin) for which eros (Greek sexual love) is a derivative. This should emphasise the nonsense of modern times’ furore. If sex between adults and children was to be intimated by a slur, then pederasty is the ideal term. In fact, though it is believed to have originally been used to describe adult/minor homosexual trysts, the etymology is actually formally gender neutral. Does the “substitution” of paedophilia (in place of pederasty) not aptly highlight the wilful arrogance/ignorance of mainstreamers?
Many well founded information sources have come to light that broach the rather obvious homosexual connection to global control networks after Gary Allen’s tantalising volume “None Dare Call It Conspiracy” was published in 1972 (only a year before the Trilateral Commission was formed by late David Rockefeller). Those behind the eugenics movement aiming to radically reduce global populations have been implicated as players in the “program” many times. Whether this is true or not is open to debate, but philosophic motives are beyond argument.
If all population units were strictly homosexual, then procreation would require external management, perhaps offering theoretical provisos such as medical intervention to save humankind. Younger more fertile parents produce stronger offspring that live longer and this corroborates (though statistics are “contradictory”) a matched conspiracy. Paedophilia (younger, more fertile) has been outlawed whereas homosexuality (guaranteed infertile) is now both legal and encouraged (with initiatives such as sex change development offered to “asexual” [sic] children as young as four years old). Clearly all measures improve the ongoing population control/reduction agenda. I should add that whereas some institutionalised heterosexuals may argue they have a right to abolish repulsive homosexual practices, any [even justifiable] overt or covert despotism still prepares undeniable infringements against sovereign liberties.
Eugenics’ attack on the people has been unyielding. Wars used to be the preferred vehicle. Yet, as I write, the American “health system” (for instance) debatably shows up ten to a hundred times more effective at disposing of populations than war, depending on which statistics are favoured. Several drugs (including dozens of branded opiates) administered under the banner of “healthcare” are known to kill or impair life. The best reference is “auto-immune deficiency” so-called AIDS. Harmless retrovirus HIV was blamed for [known] effects caused by previously shelved (1950’s) chemo drug AZT. Naturally symptoms have been by no means limited to HIV “sufferers”. Timothy McVeigh’s foolhardy quest to bring down a building in Oklahoma City in 1995 was masterminded by the same powers he was attacking in defence of the “program”. They were behind the (at least) 50,000 AIDS related deaths of First Gulf “War” veterans. Ignorant conscripts were killed by their supposedly “protective” medications.
To be honest I believe the 1960’s flower power movement was a corporate inspiration too. Either that or corporates rode the coattails of the general erosion of faith in traditionalism (also a reaction to the distrust that blew over into anti-war mass desertions from Vietnam?). When did “the people” ever make any sincere [group] initiatives for themselves? I believe the powers wanted to introduce contraception universally. By that token, temporarily encouraging promiscuity was the only rational lever against the [Catholic] Church. Even so, to this day Catholicism has not bowed to Zionism on that level. The sexual revolution was predictably short lived. Prominent film stars, HIV and AIDS put a huge damper on any free thinking after the 1980’s.
It is interesting that Oklahoma and Waco (which set the precedent for legitimised “law enforcement” murder of any American citizen) saved [then President] Clinton’s bacon. It shows me “the people” have no say or formal influence on what is “in the interest” of “wider society”. That is the “programmers’” exclusive right. A good example of elite manipulation of public opinion can be seen in analysis of the (ridiculous) “gay plague” branding campaign. Whereas an overburden of industrial pollution and chemical pesticides “caused” HIV in Africa, there has been barely a mention of it anywhere, ever. I shall focus on “Big Oil” in a future article provisionally titled “Coming Clean on Cancer”. To resoundingly dampen the free love heyday, throughout the early 1990’s British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ran regular government sponsored television adverts that symbolised promiscuous sex as guaranteeing participants’ “horrible deaths”. Presumably similar libellous techniques were used in other corners of the first world.
I haven’t personally referenced Jon Rappoport’s “AIDS Inc.” (1988) but I feel sure he will have delivered correct conclusions after reviewing his various websites. Paedophilia is also nothing short of a stagnant political move as are all other trappings designed to bolster the Eugenic movement’s determination to deny life. Forget the hotbed “abortion”. From the lofty position of purity, is not contraception the undeniable attempted murder of an unborn child? Given their Zionist-Bolshevik tactics, I would be very surprised if the visceral anti-abortion lobby is not another face of the same arbitrary plutocracy. When “they” decide they need to repopulate, anti-abortion will become the new flavour of the month. Currently abortion is a decoy that removes the sting from contraception.
Those demonstrably anti-paedophilia have been set up, applied more or less zero attention to the real issues. The shambles that is “organised” (a splintered, refracted mess) society is our testament. Rationalist Eckhart Tolle makes a surprising amount of sense in his claim that classical crusaders crusade merely for empowerment of their egos. I extend that philosophy somewhat and emphasise the bigger and more divisive the “cause” (sic), the greater the “individual” empowerment. There is no bigger cause than paedophilia currently. It is the mother of all causes today. Protesters, critics and complainers keep well clear of truth in order to preserve their egos. Maintaining the fantastical narrative line in deference to truth is the objective goal. Besides, if their “big issue” was to evaporate indefinitely, aimless lives would have nothing to bolster egos. Political spin, intricate make-believe dressed as truth has avowed the horrible “standards” that have cultured public infatuation.
Because the cultivation of biological automatons is the brainchild of the “program’s” covert marketing arm, Zionism (symbolising prison planet), there is almost absolute topical congruity between the mainstream and “alternative” press instruments. Alternatives also weave their own brands of make-believe and encourage that most foul of whimsical, plausible denials’ – “who to believe?” Indeed, as most independent or third party writers and journalists are incapable of doing much more than parroting or reacting against information issued by mainstream/alternative “authorities”, sanity has become wedged somewhere between a rock and a place beyond vital imagination. Even the great Jon Rappoport hasn’t ever dared offer paedophilia a fair birth from what I have read. Only an extraordinary journalistic genius with a death wish could and would religiously tackle this subject with unbiased sincerity. Like homosexuality in its wake, paedophilia now humbles the zealous.
Arguably everything political began with the collapse of Atlantis. After the Pharisees (the theoretical Atlantis “derelicts” Nicolai Levashov mentions in his illuminating book “Russian History Viewed through Distorted Mirrors”) conquered relative druidism 3,000 years ago, a globalist agenda has followed the uniform path towards the “program’s” unilateral attempt aimed at shaping all other creeds and cultures in its image. Permitting only Puritan adjusted worship is one of the many small steps aimed to configure that grand design. Sharia Law (a cauldron of intolerance; banning all manners of sexual expressions), incidentally, few seem to real realise, is iconic Zionist Law.
Political charades “for order” are exploited by puppeteers that use militant groups (deliberately formed for such purposes) such as “ISIS” and “Al Qaeda” to instil fear. Labelling of designate “children” (with 21 desired as the ideal age barrier) and applied sexual prohibition has been a long standing goal that heralds back to the Victorian era (and presumably prior). In some ways it surprises me that Gladstone did not realise the utopian objective back in the nineteenth century. Although with infant mortality prevalent and the need for fodder for wars to once and for all break the opposition in his time, outcomes and their contingencies have been predictable to say the least.
Maybe it was last year or perhaps the year before when I noticed a mainstream headline that poked me in the eye. It was significant enough to spur me to remove MSM as my default webpage. The article in question presented one of America’s provincial sheriffs’ who was voicing implausible concerns over a child rape trial. The “child”, at the time, had been seventeen years old. Two days before her eighteenth birthday, she had allegedly voluntarily engaged in penetrative sexual intercourse (statutory “rape”) with her [then] boyfriend. Only in America could a “trial” like that be “taken seriously”. But it does highlight the fact that the “program’s” zeal is all about fanatically vigilant oppressive power of order, bereft of sane judgement. Australia (where I live currently) handles these matters differently.
Over a decade ago a mature looking twelve year old, blonde haired girl produced a bouncing heir with her [also] underage boyfriend (if memory serves me right, he was fifteen). The sensational TV show “Current Affair” was all over the news like a baby’s rash. They “named and shamed” everyone they could collect until everyone associated turned bright purple and frothed at the mouth. Nothing was done about the couple because nothing could be done so, after the furore, everyone politely looked the way, except there was a sequel. The hapless girl dared produce a second sprog at age sixteen by the same father (this time presumably of father worthy age). Sacra-bleu!!!!! I hope the TV show paid her well. She deserved every cent. He was almost certainly jailed for twenty years or more.
There is actually quite a long history behind changing attitudes. Chronologies (were they to be read and digested) would go a long way to diffusing the sheer insanity that currently embroils the paedophilia “outrage”. Attitudes have, in some ways, remained the same but it is reflective contingences employed that have radically altered. Perhaps making the adolescent discovery tour “theoretical” has helped induce mesmerised masses. People’s inability to focus on anything in isolation (thus perpetually basing existence on generalities) appears to be the most devastating symptom of the “TV age”.
One could look back at the collapse of craft industries in favour of industrial commercialism as the beginning of the withering of independent mind [that worked off trial and error and, ultimately, questioned everything]. In the eighteen and nineteenth centuries there were occasional challengers. Disparate groups, such as the Luddites, did attempt to block imperial progress. Interestingly, prior to “industrialisation”, learning centres were almost exclusively used to prepare society’s elite classes. In fact, going much further back, I would argue it was only after the abolition of the mystery schools (run by the druids) in the Dark Ages that saw the shift from education to processed dogma learnt by rote as the staple for mainstream education.
Even those that complete a Master’s Degree today are given no marks for personal input beyond how it satisfies comprehension of “evidence”) (i.e. synthesised “worthy” information that has been rubber stamped by “credentialed” proscribed agents of globalism under the thumb). To which end eventually none dare question established “rules” which are actually beyond question. It is also duly noted that the precise same strategy has been used by political proponents that word laws governing paedophilia in ways to ensure any possible “right minded” intellectual protagonist’s challenge would be judged as spitefully ambiguous (at best). I find no evidence supporting rationale behind our current childhood threshold and can but assume the demonstrably baseless “18” figure was pulled out of thin air at the whim of some starched bureaucrat or other. Globalist hacks have been running “Holocaust style” attack campaigns against anyone that dare test viability ever since.
It was not that long ago when the age of [marital] consent was “12” (following ancient Roman tradition) in some US states and the European nation of Holland. America may be recognised as the modern day super power, but originally it was founded and developed as a formidable expansion of the Union of Jacob (or Great Britain), so the history of English law making plays extreme relevance to this debate. There was no legal age of consent until one of the British Middle Ages Kings decided to impose boundaries through fear that there would be no under limit to matrimonial alliances (or presumed sexual liaisons) with maidens. I am deliberately foggy on “which king” it was because I would like it to be Norman Jew William the Conqueror (who ushered in a “new age of [cloaked] Zionism”) as it does fit well with my overall patter. So if he’s the one, top marks for me.
Either way, for the best part of a millennium “the people” and their ruling powers had no objection to marital unions between de facto “adults” from age twelve. It was a king (the “contemporary” power) who had instigated radical new restrictions (be it conceived from ancient foundations) which also implies some marriages (prior to law) were made between parties (maidens specifically) aged less than twelve years. One would imagine that a small popular core would have always been against “young” marriages, whereas the majority must have been easy with whatever was the conventional norm. The perennial remainder (probably an equally distinct minority) are traditionally mostly shown as bloated cadaverous sorely vocal antagonists destined to bluster at first sight of illuminated “reasoning” by compilers of historic propagandas. Those that covet callous restrictions will do anything to preserve them.
In medieval times (as emphasised earlier) the age of consent strictly concerned marriage but did not place any focus on sexual activities outside matrimony. That was left to religion. Western religion is an adaptation of Roman paganism. Therefore when Christianity sprouted from the burning embers of Gnosticism, naturally austere (Pharisee promoted) rules were applied to marriages which ideally revered all lustful and licentious behaviours as “ungodly”. A functional allowance was made for purposes of procreation. Per this fashion, an adaptation of orthodox Jewish attire, the Christian bridal gown, attempted to limit “lustful” sexual intercourse between marital partners. Even so, for a great period (can anyone say with “authority” how long?) the proverbial line was drawn at age “12”.
So how has this ongoing “con operation” been run in a way to successfully beguile the madding masses? Today’s mental health institutions and asylums for the insane provide glimmers of insight. I determine that the profession’s handbook outlining three hundred or so “behavioural conditions” is simply an expansion of crass religious judgement as to what it is to be “good” or “evil”. Jon Rappoport regularly advises all behaviours classed as varied evidence of insanity are equally symptoms of normal behaviour. Evil (as termed) actions therefore are now indefinitely branded as manifest insanity. Modern society runs on adapted rules that are designed to obfuscate the truth, so while one could argue we are either “more” or “less” free than before, in principal only “terminologies” have changed and not the convictions that delivered them.
When the world was conquered in the 1650’s (capitalising on discoveries such as the United States of America), there was an uncomfortable transition from royal to civilian government power. The full changeover took about 300 years and today no royal wields any visible power. It was only after civilian government was firmly rooted that perceived social issues were targeted by the pariahs of control to facilitate their utopian dream agenda. Of course, the ideal policy (as far as they are concerned) is always eradication, but when (as is so often true) extreme measures fail, soft humanitarian ploys are stealthily drafted. Similar to current workings of political/legal administration, reasons behind tortured virtue offered as “grounds” rarely (if ever) matched true objectives behind schemes unveiled as “value solutions”.
High Victorian British politics eventually found a Prime Minister with the right measure of zealous hatred to tackle youth sex head on with a proverbial sledge hammer. Himself a reputed brothel crawler (and paedophile), William Gladstone first increased the age of consent to “15” in 1875. So foul was his hatred it inspired infection and; consequentially, he succeeded in raising “the bar” again to “16” by 1878. This did nothing to inhibit intimate relations with children, as evidenced in outpourings of diatribe over the plight of a pregnant provincial London prostitute aged ten in the early 1900’s. Whether the girl was anything more than a figment of the imagination remains to be proven. There are numerous other period artistic writings that might be sourced to highlight identical topical content.
Logic underpinning Gladstone’s reasoning behind the marital age of consent increases was null and void, more or less precisely equating to William the Conqueror’s war spoil “logic”. Age fifteen, and then sixteen, was simply deemed “young enough”. No science or consideration to individuals’ right to choose was applied or contemplated. Each was a corporate edict for the nonsense that is proscribed as the “greater good”. The same lack of basis was approximated in 2001 when Great Britain almost paved the way to the “program’s” supreme goal “21”. If legislation for the age of consent (now beyond marriage, of course) set at twenty one had passed, the rest of the world (an extension of Great Britain) would have been doomed to follow, eventually. In other words, legislations are arbitrary measures. Construction of a “group identity” model permitting only standardised values and behaviours for standardisation’s sake is the selfish result. Given the raft of evidence, even a slothful fool should determine this always has been (albeit in varied forms) the plan; though few “in power” would dare agree or admit to their repugnant deceitfulness.
The reason the powers have dimly promoted their numerous nurturing society “concepts” (even though society does anything but nurture) is messages are designed to make the opposite of truth “appear” truthful. In fact categorisation/classification of [designate] children supports a global social enslavement program (one of numbers of cultural adjustment frameworks that are currently processed simultaneously and connected via the World Wide Web and other international exchanges). In effect, each synthesised cycle is designed to break children into new gormless adult slaves as asset-worthy (“useful”) fodder to man the system. Per this design, children are instructed fantasy is more plausible than truth, though (thankfully) not every teacher plays dumb.
Nevertheless, those that deceive and act spitefully are rewarded for personal dishonour. That’s the “program” for all society; all societies. Scripted reality versions profit from denying conscience, of course, so true spirituality must be forbidden at all cost regardless of cultural persuasion. Frankly, this in consideration, it is impossible to function in society today without being unfaithful. Ancient, traditional rites of passage have gradually been replaced with risk/reward (I’ll call them) “holographs” supplied by the “goggle box” and other mechanisms of influence. Sexuality is now almost universally framed as something “obviously” (sic) illicit. Thus, most things sexual might arguably judgmentally parry with actions like smoking and the consumption of drugs/alcohol. For the young, relationships have been reduced to “intrigue” which opens the door to cruel, vindictive power plays. Consideration of blackmail as the first option in negotiation persists into adulthood.
Individuals (making up the majority) that are determined to be law abiding (patriotic) become effective prisoners in their own open society. Sexual repression invariably leads to differing communication problems between sexes and, to a certain degree, estranges relations. The miraculous presupposed instant transition from impertinent scripted childhood to “proficient” adulthood does not prepare the way for pretty society. Each new insolent, spoilt, self-centred, experience lacking generation of “adults” attempts to crudely push its way up the queue. Many have predictably abused their supposed “right” to say no and have been conditioned into thinking any (and all) natural sexual acts are “theoretical” forms of rape. Few adults will contend there are only determinations to be and no “rights” at all (a fact the “program” callously capitalises on).
Culturally male/female roles/mindsets have not kept pace with everything else that has been going on in the background (i.e. systemic shredding of individualistic natural sexual dignity). One consequence is men and women are still destined for classical marital unions (even if not in name). Men, per this profile, must seek sexual gratification and women should provide the opportunity (i.e. male hunters, female prey). However, because women now collaterally (i.e. “the great group”) envisage all sex acts as “potential” forms of rape, they have been given an enormous degrading power.
In their administrative capacity, they can permit undignified sexual acts with whomever they choose, when legitimate and “legal”. Downgraded social ethics have had the effect of dragging all women down to the realms of whoredom (or celibacy for dissenters). Any whore’s power is her “right” to administer sex “favours”. “Program” masters know this full well. Their “combobulation” child exploitation takes whoredom away from the spotlight. Thus, the modern day whore cannot traffic (an exploit variant) him or herself. He or she must traffic another or others. Prostitution, from the time it was labelled “the oldest profession”, has been effervescently legitimised. “Populist” anger has specifically shifted from attacking prostitution in general to the [predominantly phantom] child sex industry. This is not to say “decent society” is comfortable with prostitution, but affairs of the flesh do not antagonise in the way they used to.
Physiologically, the only morally valid justifications behind any prohibitions of sexual acts might be on grounds of “lack of fertility” or body “immaturity” (which would provide basis for the mother of debates if tackled sincerely). Those proven unfertile could be justifiably deemed sexually unaccountable and, providing “procreation” was seen as the only functional benchmark for that type of communication, it could be outlawed to satisfy the requirements range outlined. There is actually quite a big degree of variance in apt statistical data on this arena. The youngest “woman” (on record) ever to birth a child was aged six. Women, in general, may begin their menstrual cycles from about age nine. Men are late risers with the ability to ejaculate prevalent usually from about age thirteen. The youngest father (for my research) is listed as aged eleven.
According to “nature” (reflective of God), a sexual metamorphosis demonstrably takes place in women at age nine and men of age thirteen. Thus, an uncomfortable surplus of wilderness years in respect of current legal accountability should be duly noted. Wilderness years, in the case of women, number nine. For men there are five years. How is this legal accountability in any way, shape or form naturally legitimate? By the time an average woman turns eighteen half her life has been sexual. God’s blessing has been terrorised and abused by society’s ignorance and abject subservience to the “program”. Terrorist peers foist the consequences of their foul laws on the trembling masses producing barely a shudder of dissent. Yet all should be acutely aware that these measures are designed purely to degrade the majesty of sexual intercourse to further scope for the production of “efficient” human “automatons”. Killing off stagnant populations is a fringe benefit.
When a woman turns eighteen, psychologically, nothing changes. Her mindset is still the same as it was before. She had been sexual but to be sexual was to “sin” (a pharisaic Judaic preconception) and this was “forbidden” (fruit). She was sexual but, as nothing has actually changed, to be sexual now IS to “sin”. There is one difference and it’s a big one. It is the power of control. Before she could illegitimately offer sexual consent or forbidden fruit (opening the door to all sorts of nasty blackmail scenarios) and now she can legitimately grant sexual consent as the fruit is ripe (opening the door to all sorts of nasty “double standards”). This is how sexual women have been reduced to whoredom.
Men have paid the price too. The perverse game we call politics impinges on all male values. Those that are not avowed celibates are rapists-in-waiting. Under foul terms as these, any man that dares to succumb to sexual urges can and will be accused of theoretical rape. This is all courtesy of modern social-conditioning mechanisms geared to elevating fantasy. The average woman now believes she always has the “right” to determine which “rapes” are permissible. She can also change her mind. That is the modern woman’s “privilege”. Women that kowtow with the “program”, in deference to God, lampoon our most uncharitable, sacrilegious, sanctimonious system of order. It is a system that relies on the deceit, dishonesty and partisan biased judgement of its user base. Never forget, all laws polarise judgement.
The crux of the arguments (ever so rarely in plain sight) supporting age legislation tend to rely on [corrupt] academic standards as “justification” for categorisations in place. Never mentioned are the numerous early teens “prodigies” put through the university system early. These are the anomalies that frustrate the “program”. The maturity gap, when inspected in detail, is far larger than most would imagine. For example, in relatively recent times a six year old British boy was heralded as the new oils (painting) master. Back in the 1980’s a petulant pup became a self-made millionaire (when being a millionaire meant something) in computers before he had reached his tenth year.
Martha Argerich’s (a celebrated Argentine virtuoso) notorious 1949 first public performance of the piano solo of Beethoven’s first concerto when she was seven years old presents an interpretation that would put most adults to shame. There is an account of a nine year old girl who successful singlehandedly reared the surviving family for several weeks after her mother died. Only lack of money ultimately frustrated her course. Given these facts, age legislation is indisputably unfair. Why is it supported so widely and so staunchly by our trembling masses?
There is a simple answer sadly seemed beyond the lateral comprehension of ordinary folk. In fact the answer has already been substantively outlined. People are generally pathetically weak and lazy. The largest, most incessantly in focus voices always seem to grab the limelight, founding “opinions” as they go. Mass Medias, therefore, control the way people generally think. Yes there are occasional dissenters, but, generally speaking, mass Medias tend to push (control) the populist view. That is because supporting broadcasters employed by mass Medias are people too. Broadcasters are not significantly different to any average man on the street. They too are mostly weak and lazy and don’t like to think too deeply about “obvious” issues. Of course, on the other hand, if the majority mysteriously morphed into dissenters, mass Medias would disappear as fast as they appeared and the “program” would perhaps have to engage dogmatic religion to shore up cultural adjustments once more.
Weakness and laziness by themselves do not cement opinions that are used to back legislation, such as edicts supporting age restrictions. People act because they feel empowered by acting. There is a fundamental perceived payoff for parents that support the synthetic dividers separating proscribed “children” from “adults”. The payoff is controlling power. Being the boss or “king” must be regarded as the pinnacle of empowerment and, consequentially, families have been moulded into control hierarchies. Perhaps this has always been the case. For as long as historic memory records, periodic shifts to varied standards used to justify different age categorisations have been relatively seamless. That, by no stretch of the imagination, makes wrong “right”.
We must never underestimate conditioning mechanisms in the background geared to advancing false status-quo. Currently, each new crop of sexual children is deliberately immersed in cultures of facile restriction. Years long torment offers the vague promise of “freedom” (age eighteen “adulthood”). Developmental pressure builds from “terrible teens” to graduation. Many have willingly tried to believe in law and order to be patriotic (one of the group). They never rebelled. They never came to terms with what they had been denied. They never attempted to discover. Therefore, the majority of emerging and new adults bitterly support a terrorising system because they were “forced” into making sacrifice themselves.
In other words, pathetically weak adults will go to any lengths to wreak revenge on their kith and kin simply to appease their own failed ethical development. If you cannot honour yourself, how is it possible to behave responsibly to others? The great tragedy is [it seems] that people are incapable of recognising their sexuality or, to a greater degree, understanding how corporate interests stole their natural development. If age standards defining adulthood were radically shifted upwards to say forty years as the new age of consent, I do not believe there would be any major rebellion (after the first generation targeted was out of mind’s way). Old habits die hard, so I will concede the “powers” would have a hell of a marketing task ahead of them. How to convince all those marginalised people that merely want to behave naturally they are “wrong” to do so?
I have already outlined that British legislation tabled an increase to age twenty one in 2001, so why stop there? If the predominant cause behind age laws is nothing short of a population control/reduction measures, then (given the ever rising masses) logic suggests further increases are going to be ushered in. (Subtly ignoring the ethics nightmare exposing the true face of industrialism) China’s austere corporate experiment permitting only one child per family unit predictably failed dismally. Then again, if you can forbid sovereign adults “sexual license” by labelling them as “children” in legislation, the outlaw of procreation satisfies an expansion of the eugenics mantra. Ages twenty five and thirty marked traditional ancient Roman and Jewish commencement of maturity. Age fifty is of religious significance in Tibetan culture (and generally classed as the start of “middle age” in the west). Seventy five is another modern western classification milestone representing maturity or “old age”.
There potentially is no upper limit. Perhaps in the future sexual permits will be kept to octogenarians, the well-to-do that satisfy legal “exemptions” (loopholes) and “approved” (sanctioned) whores (to “service” the well-to-do)? Slavish automatons would do well to understand that each (fiendish) plan can only be stymied by the lack of faith of its designers. Confidence in communication is everything, but that is ultimately largely backed by compliance test initiatives. A sound pitch bolsters faith and the rest can be left to chance. What better target to exploit than “the family”? By turning corporate-political objectives into “family planning” advice, devious powers have cast a brilliant initiative. Families can now blame themselves for government issues and most will be oblivious to the fact. Admittedly a few have been waking up to the truth that “schooling” is actually social indoctrination in drag. But is this enough to spur momentum towards worldwide clear vision and outright revolution?
Times have changed greatly. In England years ago when attitudes were different, the age of consent was still sixteen. People could and did enter into marital unions at that age. These were normally sexual unions too. But that was trivial because teenagers (prevalently over twelve years old) also commonly interacted sexually. Legally underage pregnancies were unsurprisingly not particularly scarce. Ironically and sadly, the great “outrage” was against additional “family burden” as the young were obliged to be indoctrinated at school and few would have had the influence to earn “breadwinning money”. To me it shows just how pitifully inherently selfish people are. If only the vigour applied to blame and transference was directed at taking ownership of problems and compassionate dedication to delivery of lasting real solutions, then societies might be something to be proud of.
A long time ago, when I was fifteen, my mother asked my father to give me some sex advice. I vividly remember how he approached the cause. “You know all about it [sex], don’t you son?” He stammered, confidently. I nodded back wisely, as I had been the proud owner of a well-thumbed “hard core” adult magazine from age fourteen. Indeed, the pages were so well loved; they had come away from the staples in places. The point being is my father was too embarrassed to broach the subject of sex with me. It remained the unspoken understanding for as long as he lived. He used to use euphemisms like “it’s as easy as riding a bike” when he knew I kept damned well falling off. This is the norm, I’m told. Occasional controlling parents spew their ill-founded opinions. The rest offer silence when the silly puns run out.
Controlling parents aim to censor inappropriate behaviours. These might include masturbation in public. A Talmudic branch of Christianity called the Baptist Church (traditionally) labels masturbation a “sin”. Offspring of Baptist families are surely dealt all sorts of psychological blows unless they adjust to being exceptionally deceitful. When I was very young I remember all the local kids in my playgroup used to occasionally interact with [vaguely sexual] truth or dare games. My own junior sister was particularly prolific in her formative years. We lived in a rural Jacobean period farmhouse which had a winding spiral staircase to the upper floors. Between beams my father had lodged makeshift cream chipboard panels to form walls and these made as excellent “scribbling” white boards.
One day, after a rather heated discussion with my mother, my sister (then age six) drew a biro cartoon of a “matchstick” couple copulating to prove she knew about sex. I am not sure it was a masterpiece but it was technically sufficient for the purposes under scrutiny, earning an immediate deletion under a double layer of white paint. Interestingly my mother never punished my sister for that and said nothing more on the subject. What could she be “punished” for? Knowing the truth? It seems fitting to roll out Krishna’s immoral quote (a regular visitor to this website) once more, “Spirituality brings to freedom whereas forces of evil paralyse”. What would Krishna have said about modern day paedophilia hysterics?
Perhaps it is no accident that the powers behind their mischief “program” sometimes refer to themselves as the Annunaki Brotherhood. The Order’s iconography depicts a thick braided cross trapped by an unbroken wicker circle. Cosmically, a cross represents path choices but the circle closes off any avenue of inquisitive exploration. The icon, therefore, is the “prison planet” or Zionism symbol. It sets paralysis standards (put into motion by pharisaic usurpers); the ones Krishna described as “evil”. Social paralysis begins with restriction of will [of the child] to confuse the mind (spiritual centre) in order to produce broken, de-spiritualised adults (slaves by any other name). To socially outlaw sexuality is to remove the most fundamental of all birth rights. Bodies without minds are only capable of following orders.
But there is more. Few are aware of the true potence of sexual self-esteem. Potent life is contained in the chakra governing the erogenous zones from conception. Those that deliberately superficially attack sexual developmental behaviour aim to create literal zombies – walking dead!
Posted on November 12, 2017 by ozziethinker in Rage against the machine • Tagged abortion, adolescent, agape, age restriction, aids, AIDS Inc., Al Qaeda, Algeria, American health system, Annunaki Brotherhood, anti-abortion lobby, anti-war, arbitrary measures, arbitrary plutocracy, asexual, asset-worthy, Atlantis, austere, authorities, auto-immune deficiency, AZT, Baptist Church, Beethoven, behind closed doors, beyond question, biological automatons, brand, breadwinning, bridal gown, British politics, brothel crawler, callous restrictions, Camille Saint-Saens, Catholic Church, celibacy, chastised, chemical pesticides, child, child exploitation, child love, child rape trial, child sex industry, clinton, combobulation, Coming Clean on Cancer, commercial bureaucracy, composer, con operation, contraception, contradictory, control hierarchies, controlling power, cosmopolitan society, critics, cultural view, current affair, David Rockefeller, de-spiritualised adults, deciphered, deep soul connections, deeply hated, derelicts, discovery tour, dissenters, dogma, drugs, druidism, Eckhart Tolle, elite manipulation, emotional, eradication, eros, erotic, ethical development, etymology of terms, eugenics movement, exemptions, exuberance, facts, false status-quo, family burden, fantasy, federal control program, fertile, flower power, fodder, forbidden fruit, forces of evil, Gary Allen, gay, gay plague, global control networks, Gnosticism, goggle box, graduation, great acolade, greater good, Harmless, hiv, holographs, homosexuality, human mind, human slaves, humanitarian ploys, hysterias, illegal, illegitimately, immaturity, impairing, implausible concerns, independent mind, Indoctrination, industrial pollution, infertile, infringements, innocent, insane, institutionalised, intellectual love, ISIS, Jon Rappoport, journalistic genius, justifiable, Krishna, lack of money, lampoon, law and order, London prostitute, loopholes, lover of boys, Luddites, lust, mainstreamers, Margaret Thatcher, Martha Argerich, mass desertions, masturbation, medical intervention, mental health, mesmerised masses, militant groups, molester of children, mystery schools, Nicolai Levashov, None Dare Call It Conspiracy, nonsensical, normal folks, Norman Jew, obtuse, octogenarians, Oklahoma City, opiates, outlaw, outright revolution, paederastia, paedophilia, paiderastia, paidos, paralyse, parroting, patriotic, pederastie, pederasty, pedo, pervert, Pharisees, philos, piano prodigy, pity, platonic, plausible denials, political move, political shit-stirrers, populism, power over will, prison planet, prisoners, privilege, prized stock, procreation, Promiscuit, promoting, propaganda, public infatuation, Puritan, purity, radicalised, Rationalist, rebellion, recreational, reduction agenda, religious authorities, repopulate, respect, retribution, retrovirus, rites of passage, Roman paganism, rules, Russian History Viewed through Distorted Mirrors, sacrilegious, same wavelength, sanctimonious, sanity, selfish, sex favours, sexual children, sexual consent, sexual dignity, sexual passion, sexual prohibition, sexual relationships, sexual revolution, sexuality, Sharia Law, silly puns, sin, slave classes, slave masters, social issues, social tolerance, social-conditioning mechanisms, sound basis, sovereign liberties, spiritual logic, spitefully ambiguous, standardisation, statutory rape, synthetic, terrible teens, Terrorist, the oldest profession, the powers, theoretical rape, Tibetan culture, Timothy McVeigh, togetherness, transcends, Trilateral Commission, truth, uncharitable, unconscionable, unthinkable, vietnam, virtuoso, voluntarily, Waco, well-to-do, Western concept, who to believe?, whoredom, wider society, William Gladstone, William the Conqueror, youthful, Zionism, Zionist-Bolshevik, zombies • 31 Comments
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Are Email Marketers Missing Their Share of the $41.1 Billion Advertising Spend?
Doug Morneau
As the world of digital advertising and marketing has planted its stake firmly in the ground in support of “NATIVE” (Sponsored) Advertising, the consumers have made it clear that they support the move.
The line between online content written by journalists and story-like ads that are paid for by specific corporations can be blurry, but according to a new study, consumers don't seem to mind -- as long as the content meets certain criteria.
"What we found is that if there is useful information contained in the advertisement and there is a recognized brand logo, then the credibility of the company is not damaged," said study co-author Sun Joo "Grace" Ahn, assistant professor of advertising in UGA's Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. "In our study, we found that when we honestly tell people that a company is sponsoring the ad, their perception of that company didn't change." - The University of Georgia - November 14, 2016
While Native Advertising seems to be the new shiny object, it’s not without its own marketing spin …. If I recall just a few years ago and for the last 20 years before that, we referred to this as sponsored advertising.
How Big is the Spend on Native Advertising in the USA?
Spending on native advertising in the U.S. is projected to reach $32.9 billion in 2018, a 31% increase from last year, according to estimates from eMarketer. Marketers’ spending on native ads rose about 50% in 2017 and 64% in 2016.
In 2019, native ad spending will increase to $41.1 billion, at which point native ads will account for 61% of total digital display ad spending in the U.S., according to the forecast. - The Wall Street Journal - WSJ 2019-04-11
Four Ways Native Advertising in Mobile Impacts Brands
Awareness: In a study of 1000 users of a travel app, Yahoo found that native ads increased top of mind brand awareness by 114% relative to the control group and by 279% when used in conjunction with a paid search campaign.
Recall: A test by mapping app Waze, found that branded pins that were included within maps were recalled more than twice as effectively as unbranded counterparts.
Engagement: Yahoo discovered that native adverts on mobile garnered three times as much attention as other traditional mobile ads. Additionally, a study from Celtra found that consumers were 40% more engaged with a native mobile advert than with a traditional mobile banner creative.
Intent & Action: Pinterest reports that 53% of daily users subsequently purchased online or in-store as a result of seeing mobile native advertising on the platform.
Email News-Letters Have the Consumer Trust
The recent article by Ray Schultz in Media Post spoke to consumer trust in email newsletters.
Where do consumers go for reliable information in this age of fake news? They don’t say social media.
The winner was email newsletters.
“It has to do with trust. Of 1,000 consumers polled, 58% say trust in the publisher sending the email entices them to read it — the number one reason.”
How Adults Consume and Filter Information Online, a study commissioned by PowerInbox and conducted by Mantis Research.
Now, while I’m busy placing native ads for clients around the globe in more traditional forms - on websites, podcasts, and print publications, it seems the email marketing client-side world has not taken notice.
That raises the question … are Email Marketers Missing Their Share of the $41.1 Billion Advertising Spend?
Media buyers and email marketers have the opportunity to:
Leverage existing consumer trust in email newsletters?
Use an advertising type that the consumer approves of?
Grow their in-house email list by marketing to consumers who are active subscribers to other publishers email lists?
It wouldn’t be fair to go any further without a couple of points of clarification on a topic that at best the industry doesn’t agree on common terms.
Solo Email
Dedicated Email
Email List Rental
Sponsored Email
Native Email Advertising
Depending who you ask, what websites, email service providers, agencies, we all may be talking about the exact same topic.
Email sponsored email or list rental as it's sometimes referred to, is really another form of influencer marketing, leveraging the influence of a chosen brand or publisher who sells advertising in their own email newsletter.
The email is sent by that publisher or brand provides the advertiser access to both individual consumers (B2C) as well as businesses (B2B) who have self-identified specific areas of interest or problems based on the publisher's email list that they have subscribed to (permission).
There are two ways to do native advertising using email – programmatically or one-off long-form. The one-off long form is typically called “list rental.” This is when a marketer approaches a publisher or brand that owns an email list and pays them to send out an organic-looking email on their behalf. - Native Advertising in Email - Native Advertising Institute
Email list rental and sponsored email is the traditional way of advertising to email subscribers on a third party email newsletter.
Renting an email list or buying a sponsored solo email, as the term implies, means the email list owner/publisher sends your email marketing message once to their house list.
Marketers only acquire the contact information of the prospects if they respond to your marketing message. You never actually see the email list. Instead, you send your marketing message to the list owner, and that owner broadcasts your email message.
Open Rates & CTR
What can you expect for open rates and click through rates partnering with publishers to set up your native or sponsored advertising within their email newsletter?
I spoke with Fast Company a few weeks ago as I was setting up a media buy for a client. Their numbers are pretty sweet.
Its popular-email newsletters have an average open rate of nearly 40% and an average CTR of 9.05%.
Closing thoughts.
When I began my career selling advertising, my sales manager said:” If you want to hunt elephants, make sure you go to elephant country”.
Translated, don’t try and convince businesses that don’t see the value in advertising to advertise, instead find companies that are spending lots of money advertising and convince them to spend some of their budgets with you.
The same is true with sponsored email advertising. It’s going to be easier to convince a consumer that has subscribed to one brand's email newsletter to subscribe to your email than it will be to convince someone who doesn’t subscribe to email newsletters to join your list.
This may be our finest hour as all the planets align for email marketers to add this form or media buy to the marketing mix.
Native advertising has been growing year after year (media buyer with the budget to spend)
Consumers are more concerned with the quality of content and the value it brings than the fact that it’s sponsored.
Increased trust in email newsletters over social media.
Huge publishing brands at the table with great subscriber relationships that are willing to work with marketing teams (like you and me) to help you get your message in front of the publishers' email newsletter subscribers.
Doug is an Author, Speaker, Podcaster, and Media Buyer - specializing in Sponsored Email.
His first book “THREE BIG LIES – The Real Truth About Renting Email Lists to Generate Targeted Leads and Sales” became an International Best Seller.
As a podcaster, Doug currently hosts the “Real Marketing Real Fast” Podcast. He interviews top marketers, industry experts, and SAS vendors.
www.DougMorneau.com
Wednesday, 24 April 2019 Are Email Marketers Missing Their Share of the $41.1 Billion Advertising Spend?
Guest - Paul Kirch (website) on Thursday, 25 April 2019 15:53
Such great content. I have struggled with the best way to leverage email marketing. I don't want to alienate, but instead I want to engage. I've debated on email newsletters for some time. I knew they were effective, but it's great to see they still are.
Guest - Jaime Jay (website) on Thursday, 25 April 2019 17:15
Fantastic! Thank you for sharing. Knowing what advertising works and what does not is on ongoing battle for me. Reading this peaks my interest and would love to learn more about building out a native advertising campaign.
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Curated Reporting
Philadelphia Sunshine Project
<FBI agents invented a defendant to catch a judge
Not all those who wander are lost … but most are: A wayfinding tour of City Hall>
Growing Pains: Storytelling with Nikki Allen Poe
Kenneth Lippon September 29, 2014 /0 comments
By Kenneth Lipp
I’ve written quite a bit about local activist-convict-politician-comedian Nikki Allen Poe – he’s a good friend of mine, and I worked as his campaign manager during his run for Philadelphia City Council. I’ve covered and worked with Poe because I think he’s a good guy and funny as hell.
Poe appeared in Tell Me a Story: Growing Pains, an “evening of storytelling” at Shot Tower Coffee on September 17th. His routine is a 5 minute bio of his past 5 years, from capricious mid-twenties, through Occupy Philly, to the infamous Smokedown Prohibition events at Independence Mall and the recent success of Councilman Jim Kenney’s marijuana decriminalization bill, which Poe helped to conceive and push through.
It’s funny and well worth the watch. Check Poe out.
Tagged: Nikki Allen Poe
About Kenneth Lipp
Kenneth is a writer and researcher. He’s from Alabama, and will not apologize for it. He moved to Pennsylvania in 2012, but has been in love with Philadelphia since a late-night stroll down Ben Franklin Parkway to the Art Museum in July of 2011 with the love of his life. He is interested in telling Philadelphia’s dynamic and absolutely unique stories with the zeal of a constantly enamored newcomer. Kenneth is also passionate about government transparency and protection of whistleblowers, most notably PFC Chelsea Manning. His research and reporting on law enforcement and surveillance have been featured in various publications, including Rolling Stone (Meet the Private Companies Helping Cops Spy on Protesters) and Popular Science (Boston Tested Crowd-Watching Software That Catalogues People's Skin Color). His training is in both genetics and history and he likes the joke about being a helicase and unzipping your “genes.” He’s driven to know, and thinks you can handle, the truth. Follow him on Twitter @kennethlipp. View all posts by Kenneth Lipp →
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Philosophy Break
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Dancing with Nietzsche's Perspectivism
19th-century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche's perspectivism provides a compelling approach to thinking about the world — as well as our place in it.
By Jack Maden | October 2018
6 MIN BREAK
You may or may not be familiar with the below quotation, often attributed to Nietzsche. It bounds across the internet in meme form, usually laid over images of silhouetted people dancing at sunset... or on underground train carriages.
"And those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music."
On a literal level, it’s a rather quirky observation. Nightclubs would look a little off if the music was muted — hordes of fun-loving punters bumping and grinding in silence, like there’s no bloody tomorrow…
With a bit of context and some deeper reading, however, the quotation points to an important and profoundly influential approach to thinking about the world — and our place within it.
Nietzsche is not an enigma
The very form of quotations — the apostrophes clothing the words before that combined hammer-blow of surname and full stop — fixes our attention, arouses our curiosity. Listen up brain, our eyes signal, this statement is followed by a mysterious, virtually unpronounceable surname, and therefore taps into an esoteric realm of knowledge and meaning that we must pay attention to.
‘Nietzsche’ thus appears as an enigmatic accompaniment to a lofty statement, an exotic brand, an unknowable badge of authenticity… when in actual fact, Friedrich Nietzsche (pronounced neat-cha) was simply a troubled German guy from the 19th century with a bonkers moustache and a brilliant mind.
Apparently Nietzsche's moustache paved the way for the modern shoe brush.
Nietzsche wrestled not with obscure inaccessible esoteric realms. Rather, he simply attempted to unpack why we label some things 'good' and others 'evil', how these judgements are formed, and ultimately how we can transcend such categories to each fulfil our true potential and become the best possible version of ourselves.
Let’s return to our initial quotation, which is a good route into Nietzsche’s thinking:
Those observing the dancers, Nietzsche says, cannot hear the music. The music here can seemingly represent anything — a particular idea, faith, desire — and the ‘dancers’ respond to it, feel it, appreciate it. The observers, meanwhile, untouched by what they cannot hear, dismiss those who respond to it as insane.
On reading the quotation we feel inclined to join the dancers and to condemn the judgemental observers for their ignorance: just because they can’t hear the music doesn’t mean that we are insane for dancing.
So, the take-home message appears to read thus: just because you don’t understand or respond to something, that doesn’t make it insane.
Now, why is Nietzsche spouting this sort of thing? The answer, in fact, might simply be: well, he's not — for it is unclear whether he actually directly wrote our quotation at all. Indeed, a whole host of writers could lay claim to being its source.
That it is widely thought to belong to Nietzsche, however, is justified in that the attitude it expresses signifies a recurring idea that permeates his work. This idea emerges when we pair our quotation with something that Nietzsche wrote in one of his last and most read writings, Thus Spoke Zarathustra:
"You have your way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist."
This pairing — that not understanding something doesn’t mean you can dismiss or belittle it, and that there is no single or correct ‘way’ to life — reveals the core principles of what has come to be known as Nietzsche’s perspectivism.
A new way of seeing the world: perspectivism
Perspectivism, as the name suggests, is a way of viewing the world through combining differing perspectives. There is not one objective and eternally true way to view or understand the world, Nietzsche thinks, but rather a multitude of differing perspectives that are subject to cultural, societal and biological limitations. Philosophers down the ages who declare to have found objective truth have never taken their own biased perspectives into account. Accordingly, it is only through combining these different views that we can begin to appreciate a broader understanding of the universe we live in.
This might seem an obvious point — hardly profound — but perspectivism, as well as the extent to which Nietzsche actually supported it, is rather controversial, for it points to a relativist attitude towards truth.
Astrophysicists, for instance, would certainly dismiss the idea that there are a number of different ways to think about, say, the nature of the universe. That life is governed by the laws of physics, they would argue, rests on solid mathematical foundations and myriad experiential data: it is the correct way to think about the universe.
Telescopes. The only perspective?
Science’s descriptions have contributed more to the human condition and cohere better with reality than any theological, spiritual, romantic or philosophical viewpoint ever has or indeed could. So, feel free to label all the non-evidence based subjects as mere perspectives, but leave science out of it.
Is perspectivism thus a load of rubbish? Does the deeper reading of our quotation merely reveal a flawed idea? Well, let’s consider how proponents of perspectivism could respond.
Sure, they might say, science has been remarkably successful at explaining and harnessing nature for our benefit, but like everything else it remains a human construct.
The imperfect theories of science are not eternal; they simply express the way we — with our fleeting, biologically limited existences — currently think the universe works, evidenced by data that we — with our primitive, restrictive tools — have access to.
Brilliantly clever? Yes. Wonderfully useful? Yes. Objectively true? Not so sure, for science cannot escape the subjective lens of humankind. Besides, its focus on the physical structure of the universe has led to the sacrifice of something rather significant: meaning.
Take the heart. Is it only a lump of muscle that pumps blood around the body? Or is it, too, a hackneyed metaphor for love? Take stars. Are they only burning masses of exploding gasses, billions of miles away? Or are they, too, the inspiration for a million teenage poets, who weave their hopeless troubles into the night’s sky?
Twinkle, twinkle, ickle stars.
The point, to put an end to this overblown language, is that surely there is a place for all these things: surely our worldview is enriched by collating different perspectives, by thinking of the universe not only in terms of how it works but also in terms of what it means.
Living in an internet age in which mortal battles in online comments sections rage on a daily basis, we could perhaps learn from the thought that none of us really perceive or opine the truth, as such truth may be permanently denied to us due to our limited and finite perspectives.
So, rather than dismiss as insane or stupid opinions that we can’t understand or that differ from our own dogmatic agendas, if we were to consider and combine our subjective perspectives in a rational and thoughtful way, then perhaps, as well as learn something new, we might all get along a bit better, too.
Let's conclude this brief discussion on perspectivism with some final words from our main man Nietzsche, taken from arguably his masterwork, On the Genealogy of Morals:
"And as to whether these fruits of ours are to your taste? But what is that to the trees!"
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Tag Archives: Mrs. Winslow’s
by panaceachronicles Leave a comment
Dr. Calkins Chapter 17 – The Awful Power
“A true opium of evil people is a belief in nothingness after death — the huge solace of thinking that for our betrayals, greed, cowardice, and murders that we are not going to be judged.” Czesław Miłosz
While there is no denying the power of Opium to addict, that power is not universal, nor is it always invincible. Dr. Calkins book is filled with exceptions, as well as with sad stories of those who were not exceptions. This chapter is largely about those who were victims.
However terrible the power of Opium to addict has always been and still can be for many people, the current “Opioid Crisis” isn’t really an Opium crisis. Instead, it is a crisis born of chemical manipulation of the natural gift of the Poppy into a chemical weapon, used for their own purposes by the world’s governments, banks, oligarchs, dictatorships, gangs, corporations, and other organized criminal organizations.
Perhaps the greatest virtue of Cannabis is that almost none of the power that Opium possesses is given to the evil ones of this world by Cannabis. There has been exploitation, and plenty of evil intent has surrounded Cannabis in the past, but that was not because of the power of Cannabis to addict, which is does not; rather it was because of the power of Cannabis to liberate and give pleasure without addiction.
Just as the spiritual side of people has been corrupted by organized conspiracies in the form of churches, the pleasure-loving and creative side of Cannabis has been corrupted by those who, for a moment in time, controlled its sources. That time is now over, and the criminals have largely moved on to chemicals with the indisputable power to addict, enslave, and exploit. Where the Opium Poppy has been cruelly manipulated by the world’s dark masters to enslave whole generations, the Cannabis flower has never given those dark forces the power of addiction to use as a weapon against mankind.
Why call these chemical monstrosities forged from the flower of the Poppy weapons? Because they are employed precisely like all weapons, to force people to do the will of those who wield the weapon, and in this case the forces applied by the weapon are destitution, degradation, suffering and death.
The purpose seems to be to extract wealth of whatever pitifully small amount is possessed, and political acquiescence to whatever agenda is decreed, on the part of the maximum number of people while at the same time rendering them incapable of resistance or protest.
For some reason that I have never been able to discern, there are groups of people, invariably controlled by psychopaths, whose only purpose in life is the enslave other humans. I can’t imagine what satisfaction this gives to these people, but it clearly satisfies their greatest needs because it has been their behavior since the beginnings of time.
However even though I cannot make out the motivation of such people, nor understand what possible satisfaction they obtain, it is nevertheless quite clear to me where the concept of evil comes from, because these people are evil in the flesh, and their victims are the poor, powerless, gullible, careless, foolish and ignorant of the world.
You would think that people with such almost infinite power in their hands would at least try to gain their satisfaction from conquering a worthy opponent, if they are driven to combat rather than peace. But this is not their pattern. Rather, they invariably choose to exploit and overpower easy prey, so perhaps along with great evil goes great cowardice and self-loathing. I am certain that their lives are empty of love, and that although they may delude themelves into thinking that their power and wealth brings them pleasure, I am certain that they never once experience joy in their terrible lives.
But all I really know about these people is that they are beyond my understanding.
With that, allow me to introduce you to Chapter 17 of the great 1870 book “Opium And The Opium Appetite” by Alonzo Calkins, MD, in which he discusses the grip of Opium on the minds, hearts and bodies of millions of victims in his day. As you read this chapter, please reflect on how little has changed since the good doctor wrote these words over 150 years ago except in one meaningful way. Just as the power of the stone club and sword have morphed into the power of nuclear weapons, the power of the Poppy flower has morphed into the Opioids – Fentanyl, Oxycontin, and beyond.
(From) Opium And The Opium Appetite” by Alonzo Calkins, MD, published 1870
Chapter XVII: Is The Opium-Appetite Qualifiedly Vincible?
“Qui nunc it per iter tenebricosum illuc, unde negant redire quenquam” – Catullus
“A fog is not to be brushed away with a fan.” – Japanese Proverb
Under existing physical debility, so impetuous are the longings for an adventitious stimulus of some sort, so various and plausible are the reasons alleged and the excuses offered for the using of such, so ingenious are the devices contrived for the secret procuring of supplies, and so convenient the subterfuges in exculpation of the fact when suspicion can no longer be quieted nor detection anticipated and avoided, that the doctors have come to receive the protestations of parties implicated with a most skeptical distrust if not with outright incredulity. The opium habit particularly, however carefully covered up against outside observation, must nevertheless drop its veil of concealment when fairly submitted to the scrutiny of an expert.
The turbid complexion, the rugose skin, the shrunken limb, the frigid touch, the tremulous gait, even the zigzaggery of muscular movement as viewed in the chirography alone, may serve as distinctive semeiotic indexes; or if indeed these signs be but faintly pronounced, yet the vivid sparklings and wild glancings of the half-averted eye, so provokingly treacherous to the tongue and its figments, are “confirmation strong” over any and all disguises.
Concurrent testimony is irrefragable testimony. Dr. Oppenheim, speaking for Western Asia, pronounces the influence “a fatal fascination, never to be broken by any wily stratagem or open force whatsoever.” Dr. Pidduck says of the opium eater, that “he can no more break away from his habit than the paralytic imbecile can throw off his lethargy.” Dr. Elliotson’s declaration, that “after diligent and extensive inquiry he could not find the first instance of voluntary renunciation,” is sustained by Dr. Palmer of Ontario, who “had never known, not even by hearsay, of the first instance of permanent reformation after the habit had become confirmed.”
In further attestation of the general conviction is the declaration of Dr. N. Allen, one of our experts upon all questions pertaining to physiology and hygiene, and a scrutinizing inquirer withal, who thus writes: “I have known several of either sex, persons among the foremost for native talent and acquired gifts, who had succumbed to the fatal habit, not one of whom ever succeeded through the use of whatever suggested remedy in breaking loose from the vice and recovering the lost ground.” Among the sufferers he notes in particular a lady of superior endowments and of exalted social position, the wife of a professional gentleman, who has been addicted to morphine for 15 years, and who now (to speak in homely but pertinent phrase) is about used up, or will be eventually, if we take the testimony of one who knows if anybody knows. The victim is as a careless sleeper caught and entwined in the coils of a boa; the grip is that of the Old Man of the Sea, who choked to death the unsuspecting wayfarer when once mounted astride his shoulders.
Detection and exposure, though scarcely avoidable in the end, may be averted or hindered for a season certainly. A woman of 30, who had been upon laudanum for six years at the rate by-and-by of 4 ounces a day, had contrived to keep her habit concealed for half this period even from the husband (Dr. S.). Verily truth is stranger than fiction – sometimes. There is a Mr. C. also, who some months since came under the writer’s personal inspection. This man, a mechanic, having contracted rheumatism in his earlier life (for which he had been treated with calomel to salivation), had resorted to opium as an alleviation of neuralgic pains, going on to such an extent that his physician finally gave him warning he must either break away from his opium or break down under it. This was fifteen years back, and a very considerable reduction of dose was actually made through the next five years; but increasing nervousness, and a super-added debility the consequence of a fistulous drain from one of the thighs, led to a revival of the habit in its pristine intensity nearly. There is an obvious emaciation affecting the entire frame, but the countenance is anxious-looking rather than haggard The dose for a year (as pretended) has been one teaspoonful of laudanum, once repeated, for the day; but not unlikely an ounce rather than a quarter as much would express more nearly the truth in the matter. Besides there is in this instance ocular evidence that example has had its force of operation.
Opium, an equivocal luxury in the beginning daintily approached, becomes ere long under the clamorous demands of a perverted appetite a dire alternative, a magisterially controlling power. Less rigid are the gyres, less galling the manacles that hold fast the malefactor in his prison, than is that bondage of the will-power which oppresses so overwhelmingly the opium devotee. The proximate cause of this moral enfeeblement is, a corporeal condition, a physical want, a power independent in itself and able to subordinate to itself the entire mental machinery. The dominant symptom is an intense constriction, thoracic or abdominal as may be, as intolerable in its operation as it is uncontrollable in its course. This pathologic state is thus adverted to by Van Swieten: “Alvus (opio familiariter adhibito) pertinacissime constringitur.”
Trousseau (and Linsly also) has described the morbid change both minutely and accurately. “The patient awakes from his half-torpid slumbering to a revived consciousness again, with parched fauces, a brassy taste in the mouth and a blistered tongue perhaps; a glacial coldness penetrates the entire frame-work while the body is bathed in sweat; the visceral organs are painfully compressed under the intense corrugation and constriction of the parietal incisures, or agitated with throbs as if they were being rent asunder, and profuse and uncontrollable dysenteric evacuations intensify the general agony, until death, no longer terrible in the immediate prospect, is coveted rather as a comforting alternative.”
Fearful as is the picture, it is no overdrawn representation. A Chinese writer describes the sensation in the stomach as an “indefinable but inappeasable longing;” De Quincey likens the feeling in the organ to “the gnawing of some imprisoned reptile;” the Hospital-patient, Mr. B., speaking from his own experience, pronounces the epigastrial constriction a something horrible beyond description; Grose represents the sufferer under the oppression as half-dead for the time. Mr. B. declares concerning himself, referring to a time when he had undertaken a breakoff, that “for ten days and nights together he lay without closing his eyes in sleep for once, so persistent were the torturings he had to endure.”
There was in New York one Dr. W., a man who had spent all, (not “in riotous living” like that other prodigal, but, worse than that, in the procuring of opium for his daily use), who was in the habit of calling at Naumann’s. About every day he purchased a packet of morphine, 15 grains precisely for the time, or two or three, provided the money held out. “Three such (so he said) would always set him right.” One time, just after leaving the shop and ere a “fit of the trembles” had entirely passed off, he fell upon the curbstone, but a second powder straightway put him on his legs again. No longer able to provide for himself, he was receiving from a friend a fixed gratuity to go for board and clothing; but so overpowering was his appetite that he stinted himself in his fare to bestow the more money on his stimulus. His course and end were what could be easily foreseen; physical wear, penury, and the dejection of spirit incident to his other depressions drove the suffering man at length to his last earthly home, the Island rendezvous.
Of the cases properly ranging with what might be denominated the order of the invincibles is a narrative of one now to come. Mrs. C, age 25, mother that had been and grass widow that was, consulted Dr. L. in reference to some form of sexual malady, yclept for convenience hysterial neuralgia. Some weeks having passed on with various treatment but without visible improvement, the patient after a close questioning one day at length confessed to her habit, declaring at the time that for her to think of renouncing her stimulus was simply preposterous. To show how much she used for the time, she drew out from a small cabinet a vial labelled “sulphate of morphine;” and from this she poured upon the palm of her hand what would weigh apparently about 10 grains. The vial it was now agreed should be committed to the custody of the mother, and be used thereafter only at her discretion. A few days having elapsed, another visit was made. The doctor on entering the chamber found the patient sitting up in bed, arms akimbo and hands nervously grasping the hypochondria, and delivering herself at short intervals and in shrill but half-suppressed utterances, after this style of ejaculation: “Oh, dear! Oh, dear! Mother, mother, give me the morphine!” A casket was brought in, from which having drawn a small bottle she proceeded to saturate her handkerchief with the contents. That liquid was chloroform. With such materials the patient had for a good while been practising upon herself, and with the knowledge and connivance of a homeopathist. In this case constipation had become an established symptom, the entire organic machinery had got racked out of joint, there was a wasting of the body, and, as the countenance too plainly betokened, “leanness had entered into her soul.” “May a man drive away a hungry lion in the wood, or quench the fire in the stubble when it hath begun to burn ?”
A case in conclusion of the chapter will show within how narrow limits the tiger may be chained without being restrained of his liberty altogether. A. F. H., of Ontario county, distiller, born in 1820, is now just 50 years of age. A robust constitution, not seriously impaired until late in life (notwithstanding a salivation undergone in his twelfth year for a malarious fever), was an original inheritance. His ordinary weight at the time of his majority was 195 pounds, and his physical vigor was equal to anybody’s. Compelled by the nature of his business to be exposed much, not to cold alone but to damps also (for sometimes he had to stand in water up to his knees an hour or more), he experienced occasional chills, and later a rheumatic inflammation which determined on the first invasion to the hips and knees. This was in 1848; from which date similar attacks proceeding from similar causes recurred twice a year at first, but later in periods gradually lengthening and also more frequently recurring.
Towards the close of the year 1858, so bent had the limbs become and so stiffened the joints, and to such a degree of intensity had the general suffering advanced, that the victim, who had striven so long and so stoutly to clear himself of the meshy web of symptoms in which he was to be so long and so inextricably entangled, now sensible his waning strength was no longer adequate to the struggle, betook himself to his bed, and kept it too out of sheer necessity for eighteen tedious months, never leaving it all this time only for the briefest periods and when lifted from it by the strong arms of friends at hand. The doctor, aware he was about to have an untoward case upon his hands, appears nevertheless to have “taken the responsibility,” with the vigor of a Jackson if not with the temerity of one. Tonics and nervines, as cinchona, colchicum, the nux, and other articles of approved reputation, appear to have been put to vigorous service, but not with encouraging results. Among the various resorts was opium, which was used for its sedative efficacy from the beginning, but without material advantage anyhow.
Three months had passed, and the patient was now beginning to entertain apprehensions of damage accruing from the continuous use of an agent so potent as opium; but somehow he got reassured again, convinced that the same could be dropped at any time and without embarrassment, in case any palpable detriment should come of it. First used was the concrete gum, in pills of the musket-shot size, three for the day. Subsequently and for experimental trial morphine was substituted, but without manifest advantage, and so a return was made to the original form. There was found to attach to the morphine one advantage, and also a disadvantage. The disturbance of the stomach was less considerable than as before, but there was to offset this a strange sensation as of sinking by a sudden precipitation into a chasm below, a hundred or two hundred feet down. This feeling occurred only concurrently with a doze, and very irregularly at that. It appears to have had something in common with the peculiar thrill of the epileptic aura.
Another three months having matured but without any appreciable benefit derived from the opiates, a gradationary reduction anticipative of ultimate abandonment was proposed and undertaken. At this stage an ounce would last perhaps ten days only, or again it would cover two weeks. The first experiment was with pills graduated by precise differences (the largest for the beginning), so that one ounce should extend through forty days. The sufferer having become very weak and proportionably irritable by the time he had gone half-way, suddenly put ship about, and from this day forward he appears to have followed his own bent very much. By the ninth month from the first the doctor also, whether from distrust of his patient or from discouragement in the course, (one or both considerations operating), ceased to render further attendance.
There was by this time established a complication of symptoms truly disheartening. Constipation beginning very early had long been a fixed condition scarcely alleviable by purgatives or other means, emaciation had proceeded to such an extreme that the skin seemed to hang loose about the limbs very much like the husk over a withered ear of corn, the entire frame was agitated with tossings to and fro, and not unfrequently was felt an alternating sense of heavy oppression, as it were a death torpor creeping over and pervading the entire bodily frame, and the whole aspect betokened a prostration insurmountable and desperate. The appetite, which a full dose would often sharpen up, gave place in the intervals to anorexia, with nausea or vomiting or both succeeding and perhaps the oftener in the early morning. Sleep, irregular in the main, was exempt however from the commonly additional companionship of dreams and visions. After the evening pill (there were usually three, for scarcely once, if that, amidst all these vicissitudes and trials was there an intermission of dose beyond eight hours), the patient would lie in a placid dreamy (not dreaming) repose, giving free scope to his fantastic reveries but “taking no thought for the morrow” meanwhile. The most refreshing sleep followed upon the morning pill. During the waking hours when under the full excitement he would feel “happy as a full-blown sunflower;” in the opposite state with the “ horrors” upon him, “ the sensations were what no imagination can conceive, much more what no pen could describe.”
The first trial at reform, abortive as it had turned out, did not however discourage future attempts undertaken of his own impulses. One time he made up a batch of pills graduated strictly by the scales. After this he hit upon the following device: Sixty pills made out of an ounce of the gum having been transferred to a bottle, there were added as a menstruum just so many tablespoonfuls of whiskey. As often as a tablespoonful-draught was poured off, so often was the vacuity replaced by additional measures of the pure whiskey. The trial was proceeded in until the medicinal strength of the liquor had got reduced by about fifty percent; but here the familiar nervous tremors reviving intercepted the well-intentioned undertaking, and our friend relapsed, to fight again upon the old line, but “not to fight it out upon the old line.”
Having now become excessively restive under repeated drawbacks and thoroughly intolerant of protracted confinement, Mr. H. was ready and on the watch for any “favoring gale” of hope under his complicated infirmities. Engrossed with the “loud talk and the tall professions” of one Mann down in Gotham (a sort of “seventh son of a seventh son”), weak as he was, and with a spine doubled upon itself almost, he journeyed away to New York, elate with joyous expectation in the beginning, but beguiled into a “delusion and a snare” in the end by the like of such fellows as “Keep the word of promise to the ear, But break it to the hope.”
Seven years had this man been a slave to opium, and for six of these years so intense had been the rackings in the joints, he was able to rise out of his chair (for he keeps the sitting posture mostly) no otherwise than as lifted by other hands applied to the armpits. In the course of these years he had at different times called to his aid from near and far physicians not a few, whose respective advisory views when put together for comparison wore a very particolored complexion.
Doctors are prone to disagree, even where they do not agree to disagree. Getting sight accidentally of a circular commending McMunn’s Elixir, he resolved to make a last effort at reform by a reduction upon that. The sensations experienced upon the change were a wonder to himself. The tremors subsided, the intestinal constriction relaxed, digestion and appetite improved, and comforting sleep was had withal, and the frame began to recover something of its original rotundity; and now, after a five-years’ trial, he is as well satisfied with the elixir as he was at the first. An ounce vial lasts for four days to a week, but the desire (never regular now) abates in summer or whenever the mind is preoccupied with extraneous affairs. His general aspect is decidedly good, and but for the spinal incurvation he could work by the ten-hour rule as well as he ever did. Alcohol, though tried, never served him any way as a substitute for the opium. Feeling that by a strong exercise of will he could break with his stimulus any day, he yet holds to the melius-cras idea, the same as thus expressed by Talleyrand, that “it is better to put off to tomorrow what need not be done today.”
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Anecdotes & Evidence: Extreme Dosage Of Opium
(Editor’s note) With this post I am resuming the chapter-by-chapter posting of the remarkable book “Opium And The Opium Appetite” by Alonzo Calkins, MD. This long and challenging book, published in 1870, allows us to hold a mirror up to our current “Opioid Crisis” and see it for what it really is – not a crisis of our times, but an ongoing theme in American life.
In this chapter Dr. Calkins discusses the many cases that he experienced personally, and that he gathered from other physicians and elsewhere, regarding extreme cases of Opium/Morphine consumption. Extremes of consumption were not always tied to addiction, as he points out, and the stories in this chapter ought to make us think twice about the “one dose and you’re hooked” meme that is so popular with those who make a living from ensuring that there is always a plentiful supply of souls in dire need of “rehabilitation” and “recovery”.
Many people born since the 1990’s don’t understand the history of the “Opioid Crisis” because they were not yet born when previous “crises” were being manufactured and sold to the public by breathless media acting as the propaganda mouthpiece of the State. Consider, to take one of the worst examples of social disinformation, the “Crack Epidemic” of the 1980’s that sent tens of thousands of mostly young Black men to prison, creating an entire generation of fatherless Black children and fueling the next act in America’s “drug wars”.
While the “fake news” epithet may seem to be quite contemporary, the fact is that much of the “news” has always been fake, and never so much as when drugs are the topic. For all of his faults, Dr. Alonzo Calkins wrote what he saw and what he believed, and left us a record of what was true 150 years ago and remains true today – we don’t have an Opioid Crisis; we have a permanent crisis of the American soul.
“Opium And The Opium Appetite” by Alonzo Calkins, MD
Chapter XVI: The Posology (Dosage) Of Opium
“Exempla – quorum me turba fatigat.” — Ovid
“Let me have a drachm of poison. Sweet draught! Sweet, quotha? O fool! that now as luscious as locusts, shall shortly be in thy mouth as bitter as coloquintida!” — Romeo and Juliet
By those who have studied the “Ars nihili credendi” many of the statements recorded in this chapter will be transferred to the column of the incredibilia; but there is ample authentication behind nevertheless. Van Swieten refers to a dose of 16 grains as something extraordinary; Garcias (Morewood) knew a woman in Turkey, of good intelligence and of a conversational turn, who informed him her daily consumption was 10 drachms (!). Hufeland mentions a 30-gramme dose, one ounce less half a drachm. As a measure of effect, however, it should be understood the apothecary’s scales are but a very insufficient criterion.
Initial doses vary from a fraction of a grain upward; but amateurs start more boldly, as in the instance of a Chicago youth, who began upon 3 grains of morphine, and ran his course proportionably fast. Surgeon Smith names 5 grains of the chandoo for the neophyte; 290 grains he has known in the case of the veteran. Libermann, in the Chronique Medicale, has given a tabulated summary of a thousand smokers, of whom he kept a record while he was in China engaged in the imperial service, as here classified:
Of the thousand, 646 vary between 1 and 8 grammes, 250 between 10 and 20, and the remaining 104 range from 30 to 100 grammes. (The higher extreme seems scarcely credible, and perhaps the text should read grains.)
The Theriakis of Eupatoria not unfrequently go to 100 grains; the Hamals (porters) of Constantinople not seldom use an entire ounce.
The “big doses” are restricted by no lines of longitude. Dr. Hawkins was informed by a druggist of an eastern county in England concerning a farmer there, who one day came into the shop, asking for an ounce and a half of laudanum. This having been swallowed was after a brief time followed by a second draught, and again by a third, and several ounces besides were purchased for taking home. This “operator” was plainly of the new-school progressives.
But in bold practice New York City and the rest may safely challenge Birmingham, or Paris, or Canton. A woman of Atlanta (a buyer for a considerable time, and if she ain’t gone she lives there still) sends her daughter with the two-ounce vial for laudanum three times a day regularly (Redwine). The cause thereunto moving had been a proclivity to “spiritual liquor.” Wayne gives an instance of 6 ounces; Eimer of the same quantity daily repeated.
Paregoric and McMunn come in for their share in the awarding of honors. Besides the quart-measure are pint cases in plenty by Shedden, Lee, S. Smith, and others. McMunn also talks loud. Dr. Lente knows a woman at Cold Spring, who buys for the week three dozens of bottles. A gentleman who was making a purchase on Union Square one day, declared of himself that he used up, one day with another, 12 bottles. Dr. L. had seen and prescribed for a youth (as he then was), who, having become habituated to strong drink provided by injudicious friends for a lingering diarrhoea of his, had found in this elixir a present quietive for symptoms threatening delirium tremens. On a certain day he was known positively to have taken six bottles. This case, however, is thrown into shade altogether by a record at Binghamton, that of a lawyer, a detenu at the Asylum there half a dozen years since, whose totality was by his own record 3200 bottles, and for a certain day one and two-thirds dozens, the equivalent of a pint of laudanum within one ounce.
Morphine demands a separate section. MacGillivray’s patient has been noted already (chap. xii.). Dr. Gill of London had on his hands one time a professor of vegetarianism (50 years old actually, but, judged by his attenuated limbs and parchment skin 20 years ahead of that mark), whose stated supply was 55 grains. The allowance having been cut down flesh was substituted for porridge and cabbage, and in no long space Mr. Witherskin was able to make a much-improved show in the outer man. A third drachm case is from Redwine, that of “a brother fallen from his high estate,” who had pioneered upon whiskey. A fourth case is of a German woman lately in the hands of Naumann, who by a gradual progression through several years had finally reached one drachm precisely, at which mark she stood a considerable time. This person cured herself by pursuing, at the suggestion of Mr. N. (a very intelligent druggist), the gradative course. The weekly diminutions were made by grain and two-grain reductions in alternation.
A fifth case is communicated by Mr. Leys of Brooklyn, and the detail is a precise transcript of the record. A woman, thirty-five years old at the time of her death, wife and mother both, had been a regular purchaser for the six years precedent to her demise, though a consumer for several years earlier. Of medium embonpoint and with a fair countenance, she would scarcely have attracted casual attention otherwise than by the half-averted but lustrous eye. In regard to constipation hers was an exceptional case, nor was the final sickness (which was of the acute type) obviously traceable to her morbid habit. The dose for the first month of the six years was 16 grains (in the form of Magendie’s solution), which quantity had doubled by six months and quadrupled by the time a year had run. This 16 grains per month had grown by the end of the fourth year to 16 grains per day, and in another year to 20 grains. For the first half of the sixth year the progress was from 20 up to 30 grains; during the final six months one drachm was the measure, regularly called for as the morning came.
Number six is Mr. B., a prominent druggist in the metropolis, age 49, the subject of a severe chronic diarrhoea for half a dozen years. Morphine, which, like Choroebus penetrating the Grecian phalanx now within Ilion’s towers after assuming the helmet of the slain Androgeos, a pretended friend while an enemy in disguise, was early employed for its supposed curative efficacy (and indeed always to the present mitigation of symptoms, for “without it his bowels would run away from him”), but the benefit derived has ever been of ephemeral continuance only. No notable emaciation is observable as yet, nor has the general health become materially impaired. Magendie’s solution (16 grains to the ounce) is the form, and this is taken, an ounce for the time, in very precise measure, to the extent perhaps of four times that in the day, or again a pint may last the week through. He has been known to have his ounce four times in the day, and an additional one at his private office, i.e. 80 grains of the salt. In the general way, morphine to the amount of 15 grains is no uncommon dose; 30 to 36 grains is with rare exceptions the limit.
Gravity of action may be as disproportioned to quantity as is the case of alcoholics. An instance of idiosyncrasy referable to this section is given by Dr. Barnes. The occasion was an existing diarrhoea. With the approbation of a doctor opium had been used daily for three weeks, by the end of which time, “although the flux was subdued the opium was not subdued.” The medicine acted strangely, kindling Then up a fire in the stomach as it seemed, so that for another three weeks nothing swallowed would lie, rice water excepted, and all the vital powers seemed to be flagging. A year having proceeded in this manner, a change to the right-about was resolved on. Agonies and horrors followed upon the breaking up, to abate only by littles, but success was secured at last. For a time from the first, but for a brief period only, a sort of ideal tranquility, a visionary happiness followed each dose, but the subsequent experience was the reverse of all this. The recollection of the sufferings had survived as vividly twenty-five years after as if they had been of yesterday. The dose (the gum was used) had at no time exceeded four grains.
The caprices of single doses taken for a special occasion are even more variant and strange than the operations under continued use. Of minimum doses of fatality there have been noted (as already mentioned) 3 grains of the gum (Grisolle), a grain of morphia, and half an ounce of laudanum, and there have been even less than these. Maximum doses of tolerance are the very antipodes of such. Recovery has followed upon the ingestion of 30 and 60 grains of the gum, and once after 20 drachms had been swallowed. Instances of like result are recorded of morphia in doses of 30, 55, 60, and even 75 grains, and after laudanum, as in two cases, where 5 ounces had been taken, and in a third where the quantity was 6 ounces.
The records of practice in disease are yet more astounding. Doses fearlessly used at this day for various forms of organic derangement would only a half-century since have staggered the boldest. For instance, Pinel allowed a woman at La Charite, far gone with cancer uteri, 120 grains of solid opium for the twenty-four hours, and greatly to the alleviation of symptoms. M. Marc, in the Gazette de Paris, gives a similar case. His patient on one of the days took 62 grains of morphine. Monges and La Roche of Philadelphia had such a patient, whose allowance her last three months was 3 pints of laudanum for a day and a night, with some pure opium extra. For a urethral malformation a woman under Zaviani consumed in the progress of thirty-four years 200 pounds of the solid and above. On some days 200 grains was her mark. Dr. Knight of New Haven once had a patient with uterine cancer, who used daily and for a very considerable time, and without prejudice also, a drachm of morphine at least, and from that even up to 3 drachms. Bellevue Hospital records make a show ahead even of these. In a case of puerperal peritonitis occurring in 1862, Dr. Clark administered in the course of seven days various preparations, equivalent altogether to 200 ounces of opium proper, and on one of the days 472 grains, an ounce to within a fraction.
Medium doses.
Rev. G. Smith, an English missionary, made a tour of observation one day around Amoy, having Lim-pai, a reformed opium eater, for cicerone, with the following results. Upon questioning ten persons as met indiscriminately and at random, he found their average to be 1 mace or 60 grains. The general average he ascertained to be 3 candareens (= 17% grains) of the chandoo (Allen). The mean for Aleppo Russell puts at 3 drachms; a high figure certainly, even for the maw of a Turk. Dr. Garrod, however, knew of a Turkish gentleman, a mere youth, who used one drachm in the morning and the same repeated at night, besides the laudanum he took in the intervals, an ounce or more.
At the Pauper-house, Singapore, Dr. Little ascertained that of fifteen persons, smokers for periods varying from 3 to 20 and averaging 11 years, the medium dose was 32 grains. At the Mount Hope Asylum 2 to 4 ounces of laudanum is nothing uncommon (Dr. Stokes). Specific quantities are a drachm of the gum, 1 to 2 drachms of the salt, and a pint of the tincture, so much per week (Moore, Skey). The dose varies much with the pecuniary ability. A purchaser at Giles’s (such is a specimen-case) would get from time to time an ounce of laudanum only, it might be, and again twice or thrice that. Equability and moderation in dose is what is oftentimes but very capriciously respected. A gentleman called one day at Tarrant’s for a scruple of morphine; this, having dropped into a tumbler of water, he swallowed forthwith, with the intent, as was for the moment suspected, of poisoning himself. All anxiety was soon removed, however, by the stranger’s explanation that “such was his way.”
Gradual Advances.
“The small quantity of Opium,” observes Dr. Little, “soon loses its effect, and to produce the requisite excitement the little pea must be doubled and again increased, until, as I have known, the original has got multiplied a hundredfold.”
A married woman turned of 50, who began upon two ounces of laudanum for a week, has now, after a considerable term, attained to the pint-mark (Leys). A spinster of 55 was several years in getting as high as 6 ounces per week. Dr. Palmer reports two cases where the weekly consumption was 2 drachms of morphine, and four others in which the quantity was half that Among his opium-cases was Mrs. O’G., addicted to the drug about forty years, .who by very slow advances had reached at last two drachms for the week, with the addition of a little whiskey taken as a priming. Another instance was Mrs. T., 50 years old at her death, who had been a consumer for nigh upon half of this term. She even in her latter years had not exceeded a drachm for the week to the very last year, but here the quantity was doubled. An extra interest attaches to this last case, in connection with the question of degeneracy. Of the two children born subsequently to the confirmation of the habit, the elder, a son always feeble and sickly, died at fifteen; the daughter, contrarily to what might be expected, now eleven years old, has a robust and thriving aspect. The patient died a year ago of pneumonia.
A lady of Ontario county with whom the writer has conferred, Mrs. S., age 60 or above, mother now of several grown-up children, became an invalid ere she had completed her maiden life; whereupon, with the concurrence of a physician, she sought relief in morphine. From the beginning through the entire period the advances have been very gradual to a drachm for three weeks (the present limit), or if for any special exigency this amount has been at all exceeded, she has ever been careful to recover the lost ground, returning again to the fixed standard. No other medicine has been found upon trial to answer her needs by way of substitution. Those common sufferings, such as constipation, agrypnia and ugly dreams, have not been among her experiences, nor is there during the day any marked exhilaration, or indeed any very definitely-pronounced characteristic, with the exception of the peculiar skin-hue and a somewhat toddling gait. A discontinuance was not advised.
Periodic augmentations in a ratio constantly increasing are according to the normal course; but then there are stages also of what may be called a “satisfied craving,” lasting for months or even years. Formiggini had a patient with a facial neuralgia that had come of caries of the maxilla, who used one gramme of morphine daily. This kept her system at the saturation point; but this precise quantity the lady must have, no less, no more; any excess she could not (or would not) tolerate, and if put on reduced allowance she became desperate (Revue de Paris).
The Lancet, 1832, contains a case not dissimilar. In this instance hysteria was the objective malady. A woman, now of the respectable age of 50, used for her measure 20 grains of the gum, so much precisely, day after day. (These hysterial cases require a good deal of humoring, particularly when spinsters are concerned who have arrived at a “certain age,” that age of all ages the most uncertain.) Dr. S. S. sends the case of a woman twenty-five years old and married, who made a beginning upon laudanum in her 20th year. Lately she has kept herself strictly to 4 ounces for the twenty-four hours; but “this much she will have at all events, even if she must beg for it or steal for it.”
Jones had for a reputed customer an elderly lady of the Hudson River border somewhere along, who purchased her supply of him for several years, sending a granddaughter (her deputy in the transaction) once a month for the pint of laudanum. Like the rest she ceased by-and-by to make report representatively or otherwise. “They come and go,” as Dr. Guion says.
A woman of mature age, an attendant at Eimer’s for fifteen years continuously there was, whose weekly purchase was what would make an average of half a drachm for a day. There was also a teacher attached to one of the public schools in Brooklyn, who was so careful of her ways, that she was at the pains of crossing East River about every four days, to get as many ounces of laudanum from a doctor at the West End (Mr. L.). Her general aspect all this time gave no indication of any progressing deterioration, nor was there so much as constipation complained of. This person all at once ceased to reappear; whether it was that she had opened a new account with another doctor, or whether she had gone to settle an old account with death, did not transpire.
Moderation in quantity and steadiness of dose are oftener observable perhaps in case of congenital infirmity or traumatic lesion; for instance, when spinal irritation or an ununited fracture is the coexisting evil.
Inconsiderable advances upon the existing dose are seldom hazardous, where a large stride might prove critical. An inquest at Bradford, England, brought out the following facts: a woman with chronic asthma (one of those maladies that contraindicate opium absolutely) had taken a dose considerably exceeding the usual one, causing her death only a few hours after. A second case to be adduced comes from Binghamton. A patient there was, who, having strayed off to town one evening, felt disposed to have a fresh sip of an old friend; and so, having purchased two ounces of laudanum he swallowed the whole at once, a quantity he had never ventured on before. Dr. Day reached him, but not immediately, nor until the comatose stage had set in. The battery with other appropriate helps was put to expeditious use, but to no purpose, for death had his victim the very same night.
There was a New York lady, now of middle age, a custom-visitor at Bedford’s for years together, who for the alleviation of an existing intra-pelvic tumor had used morphine a long time, but in very definite and exactly-measured doses always. Her usage was to have the 48 grains (her amount for the day) divided into three-grain packets, so that the times of recurrence should come with the expiration of every hour and a half. One morning it appears, but for some reason not cleared up, she had put four of the divisions together for a single dose, thus having swallowed 12 grains instead of the 4. The stimulative action proper was overwhelmed by the predominant toxic force, and a fatal coma set in.
The rule of progressive cumulation reversed is among the rarest of the rare, and asseverations made to fortify such pretensions must ever be taken cum grano salis, i.e. at a very considerable discount.
There used to present herself very regularly at Goodall’s a young woman with her four-ounce laudanum vial. That she used twice four ounces every day was manifest from a circumstance she did not appear herself to have thought of, the extra label that had been superadded at another shop. There was a merchant who had broken down upon McMunn’s, an irregular visitor at Gates’s, who whenever he called would drink off a vial of the elixir, and take away several of the same sort, for occasional use only as he pretended, when doubtless he did the same thing at other druggeries. A Frenchman, known to Naumann for nineteen years, who all this time and even before had been familiar with laudanum, had a two-thirds ounce vial, which he was very particular to have filled once a day. The double labelling it was that exposed him. Long and freely as this monsieur had been addicted to his stimulus, he showed no distinctive indication of the habit other than in the peculiar sallowness of complexion.
Devices intended for disguising the extent if not the fact of the enslavement are as ingenious and varied as the contrivers are numerous. Two considerations act as prompters to such course; the supposed power of exerting a certain self-control over the paroxysmal excitement, and the apprehension of encountering a frowning public opinion in case the deception is unmasked.
Miss P., a spinster of thirty summers (and who was liable to continue such for as many winters), had purchased of Loines in the course of two years (so the ledger showed) 13 gallons of McMunn’s solution, without enumerating the additional supplies she had certainly procured in the interims from other establishments. This course it appears had been followed up so clandestinely all the while, that outside of her own family not a surmise of the existing habit had found place even among the naturally credulous. Opium eaters, if they cannot obviate suspicion altogether, may by the exercise of a dextrous ingenuity often put this same suspicion on its good behavior. A nibble from the mass, a pinch from the packet or a sip from the vial may create no more wonder, than the brandy flask slyly drawn from the pocket, or the delicate thumbing of the rappee box by the suaviter-faced tourist in the linen overall.
Reductions upon established doses, palpable in quantity if not of permanent continuance too, are to be reckoned among the actualities as well as the possibilities. De Quincey once fell back from his professed maximum of 8000 drops to 1000, and without experiencing any considerable discomfort either. Mr. B. of the Hospital calculated upon personal trials, that for real working service half an ounce of the gum or half a drachm of the alkaloid is as good as twice that. In the occasional use, amidst the daily avocations of business, it is possible to exercise much “prudence and discretion,” what is in accordance with the views of Dr. Pitcher (who appears to have a sharp eye for observation), and also of Dr. Lee. The merchant, for instance, who feels the need of an extra stimulus of some sort, by substituting a pill of opium in place of the half-gill of whiskey, is better able to work himself out of the perplexities of the hour without attracting the notice of some censorious neighbor, who is ever quick in discerning the mote in a brother’s eye though unaware all the time of the beam in his own eye.
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Calkins Chapter 13: Utilities And Anomalies Of Opium
(Editor’s note) If you have been following my posts of the preceding 12 chapters of “Opium & The Opium Appetite”, you know that the author holds prohibitionists in pure contempt. He objects to their obnoxious moralizing, but he objects even more because the remedies they have always proposed – moral condemnation, forced confessions, and foul imprisonment – are demonstrably ineffective and invariably do nothing but cause further suffering and harm.
In this chapter we see Alonzo Calkins as a doctor who fully appreciates Opium as a powerful natural medicine, one which had no equal in his day and, truth be told, has no equal today, although finally the world is also finally beginning to re-awaken to the powerful, natural healing virtues of Cannabis and Coca. So-called pharmaceutical science has discovered plenty of ways to take the basic power of Opium and magnify it many times over through chemical manipulation, but if Mother Earth had never given her People the Opium Poppy, doctors would still be stuck with leeches and bleeding to “heal” their patients.
Chapter XIII: Utilities And Anomalies Of Opium
“Quo nihil magis meliusve terris Fata donavere, bonique divi.” – Horace
“Take the goods the gods provide thee.” – Dryden
Like as the prince of Athenian orators, when interrogated upon the essential constituents of eloquence, pronounced action to be the first, the second, and the third cardinal element, so the physician, whom long experience has made sage, on surveying the broad field of the materia medica, would name opium as the “quo magis nil simile aut secundum,” his first, his second, and his third reliance.
Opium has been denominated, and in no extravagance of hyperbole, the grand catholicon for human ills. Laudation here has scarcely been exhausted even in the excess. In the “Opiologia” of Wedelius, opium is the “medicamentum ccelitus demissum,” the heaven-born gift. Tillingius styles it the “ anchora salutis sacra,” – the bower anchor of health. Sydenham says that “medicine without it would go at a limping gait;” and John Hunter, in an exuberance of enthusiasm, exclaims: “Thank God for opium!” Van Swieten in his estimate does not fall behind: “Opium, le plus efficace de tous les medicaments et sans quoi tout de guerir cesserait d’exister, est le remede de quoi le Tout-Puissant a fait present pour le bonheur et la consolation de l’humanite souffrante.”
Opium is indeed the Columbiad of the medical arsenal. Of this most potent agent thus writes Dr. Lee: “In disease, suppose the dose restricted within warrantable bounds, neither headache nor nausea nor discomfort in any form ensues, but a peaceful sleep is brought on, to be succeeded by a feeling of refreshing. Not merely is nervous excitement quieted and physical depression guarded against, but more: when there has been degenerescence of tissue, as from phagedenic ulcerations, opium, while it assuages pain, arrests in notable ways the morbid waste that is going on and re-energizes the languishing functions. The powers of this life-renovator, working out as they do under sinister conditions, appear indeed almost marvellous, far surpassing in their magnitude any force that inheres in alcoholics or quinine, or in all the anaesthetics besides.”
In the hour also that presages cold death’s approach to disjoint the mortal fabric, opium viewed as a euthanasial resource alone is second only to the vital air we breathe.
As an instance of the adventitious support that opium often renders under disease, the case of the late Dr. O. of New York may be adverted to. An invalid half his life and from inherited causes, he was afflicted mainly with a form of neuralgia which seemed disposed to concentrate its force in the knee joints. Pains most acute, of the spasmodic sort, would suddenly invade the parts and without any premonition whatever, and pass off again perhaps as suddenly. The suffering at such times was excruciating, amounting indeed oftentimes to an agony. By-and-by there were evidences of what is denominated locomotor ataxia, which would show itself for instance on his getting into his wagon, when he would be a considerable time exercised in effecting the proper upright balance. There was but one resource that had been found of service to the mitigation of his pains, and that was morphine. This he took very regularly and for a good while, two grains three times for the day. His life, which indeed was by this help rendered tolerable only, was doubtless prolonged at least ten years beyond the limit by natural course. A prominent symptom, and one of great annoyance, was a habitual constipation, which had no other relief for the time than in the use of cathartic pills taken every three to four days.
Life in this instance may be said to have gradually worn down with the progress of the nervous exhaustion, and death surely was rather a boon to be longed for than an evil to be deprecated.
The magical virtues which popular belief has ascribed to the poppy have been embodied in story and commemorated in song. Thus the illustrious Carthaginian queen – “evicta dolore”, overcome with grief and chagrin in the prospect of being deserted and left forlorn by the wily adventurer, to whom, out of the fulness of her confiding heart, she had so generously proffered an asylum and a refuge after his toilsome wanderings, all-despairing now, while dissembling her ultimate purpose, devises this stratagem. As if hoping, when other hope had failed, by availing herself of some magic influence, still to detain the fickle Aineas within her realm and against the declared decrees of fate, she commissions her sister Anna to undertake a journey away to Ocean’s farthest margins, even unto Ethiopia’s bound, there to seek out a Massylian woman, priestess in Apollo’s temple (and the same who had preserved the golden apples in the gardens of the Hesperides, by soporizing the dragon that was lying in wait and watching his chance for them), and there to procure from the sorceress a phannakon that should dissolve her present enchantment, and deliver her desolate spirit from the thraldom in which the perjured Trojan now held her captive.
The piquant Moliere, ever liberal of his satire in squaring accounts with the doctors, while ridiculing the routine medicaments of his day, has indirectly, perhaps unwittingly, pronounced a laudation upon opium.
That opium imparts to the imagination a wonderful vivacity and to the tongue a most lively volubility, is a fact that in instances has had signal display. There was Jane, Duchess of Gordon, half a century back, the cynosure of the gay throng and the life-spirit of the conversazione, whose life had been of as little account to the outside world as her death was of concern to the magic circle within which she had lived and moved. She drew her peculiar powers of inspiration confessedly from this same energizing fountain.
A New York lady, of scarcely inferior but only of more circumscribed fame, and a rival who might have been by chance association, there was, a patient some twenty years ago of Dr. C. A. Lee. “My friend, Miss H. (thus writes Dr. L.), a lady of brilliant endowments by nature, to which, however, opium gave additional lustre, was accustomed to have her paregoric, a pint, daily. Regularly as the morning came her bottle went to the apothecary’s, and by night the contents were used up. Bright as a star in Andromeda’s girdle, she shone amid the throng from eight o’clock in the evening to midnight and past, often seeing the grey morning ere she retired for bed. Marvellous indeed were her parts and her power of display; but then it took her the entire day to rouse the fires and get up steam.”
A pertinent case belonging to the same family is contributed by Dr. Quackenbos. Mrs. B., who died about ten years since at the age of 65, contracted the habit of stimulating upon opium, using the same according to a doctor’s prescription for hemorrhage incident to the first parturition. A sherry wine glass three times a day was her measure, and in regard to quantity she was always very precise, not having deviated in any degree as was believed for the last fifteen years. Being a lady of fashion with abundant wealth, she divided her time between city and her country house, without occupation either physical or mental, such as was likely to give a favorable diversion to a growing morbid taste. Change for the worse in almost every respect grew upon her as the months advanced. The skin contracted a turbid yellowish hue and had a good deal the feel of parchment. What, however, is an exceptional condition, she had no regular constipation, nor did she in the progress of years get dropsical.
Her daily routine was this. Four o’clock in the morning was her hour for bed and from this on to ten, when she had her first glass or eye-opener. By this time the whole frame would be agitated with most intolerable tremors; but a cup of black coffee (the strongest), taken soon after, helped to steady the nerves very decidedly. The day was worried through as best it might be by one who was without the capacity to enjoy, and with whom the hours went laggingly along. The second glass was upturned at six in the evening, a little precedent to her breakfast, the first meal of the day. The third glass was taken at eleven, and now she was ready for the living room. In the daytime she looked like a woman; now she appeared as of the “fat, fair and forty” age (without the fat). The transformation she had undergone by this was marvellous even to her familiar acquaintances. Her skin (for she was of a sanguineous temperament) now shone again transparent as in youth, her eyes sparkled as with a gem glitter, and the brilliancy of her conversational talents concentrated upon herself the admiring attention of all beholders. Her dinner hour was now twelve, and at this time she had an enjoyable repast. Her death had no connection with the habit, having followed upon an attack of pneumonia.
The transient exaltation of the imaginative faculty under the inspiration of opium has an exemplification in the polished and highly poetic style of Dr. Thomas Brown’s treatise on the “Philosophy of the Human Mind.” In elaborating his chapters the author would sometimes trench upon the deep hours of the night, feeding the intellectual fire meanwhile whenever it flagged with bountiful potations of whiskey that had been “seasoned” from the laudanum vial.
Sir James Mackintosh, a pupil of the doctor’s at the time, hearing the office one morning somewhat abruptly and unexpectedly, happened to overhear a private order (which was intended for the daughter’s ear alone} delivered in the following terms; “ My dear, bring me the moderate stimulus of a hundred drops.”
Distinguished criminal-lawyers (and a conspicuous instance was Erskine of England) have been wont to prepare themselves for a special effort with the same sort of help.
In 1770 (Kerr) a famine pervaded India, and so severe and widespread did the suffering become, that only people of wealth had the means of providing for their wants, and making their condition at all tolerable, in the substitution of opium for other food, procuring it finally at a most extravagant cost.
Cotton Famine Food Riots
Says a correspondent of the L. Med. Gazette, concerning the cotton-famine of 1863-4: “More suffering was experienced among the factory people of Lancashire (a class that now make large use of the stimulus), through pecuniary inability to purchase their opium, than from restriction in their food: thus extensively had laudanum superseded food proper.”
“Grande aliquid, quod pulmo animoc pnelargus anhelet.”- Pkrsius
“The London poor, many of them (says Dr. Anstie), use opium considerably, but in the form of laudanum rather, and more extensively when they are upon short wages. Under the force of the stimulus, the desire for food proper is evidently dispelled in a most remarkable way.” The halcarras (runners between Bombay and Surat) sustain themselves during their fleet journeys upon the opium bolus, without other addition than a small stock of dates (Dallaway).
Could the thousands of our soldier volunteers, the half-starved, half-frozen gaol victims of Winder and Wirz, in that Dartmoor of Secessiondom, Andersonville Prison, have been granted the dole of a grain ration only of the quietive, hundreds from among the thousands that there perished might even at this hour be rejoicing by the family hearthstones again. Let the women of “the crafts” be admonished how they come to supplement with an opium pill the scanty noon lunch at the shop.
This roborative virtue inherent in opium has been put to practical service upon various emergencies. Dr. Burnes had a journey to make one night in the Cutch country through a rough region, without so much as a bridle path for road. With his guide, a native, he made a halt at midnight for refreshment. Following the example of the other, he was persuaded to use a drachm of opium, taking one-half himself and giving the remainder to his horse. Having re- mounted, they pursued their journey of forty miles to its completion by morning, riders and horses both having held out in very good condition.
There was a Canadian farmer, one Paxton, now sixty years old, healthy and athletic to an unusual degree, who had been habituated to opium a good while, having taken at the rate of two ounces, and in his later years three ounces per week. With a proper amount he was able to do the work of two common men, but without it he was reduced at once to a state of prostration and misery. In his desperation he would, if necessary, even send his boys over the winter snows for miles of a night to procure a supply. He was a free liver sure enough, for he drank whiskey in proportion, and chewed tobacco besides.
Dr. F. D. Lente knew an old cripple bent up with rheumatism, whom he had repeatedly seen drink off his quarter-tumbler of laudanum, and without more ado than a toper would make over his half-gill of whiskey. This much he would take as he could get it, whether it was by purchase or as a free gift, for. as he said of the draught, “It set him up all straight again.
A case every way remarkable if not altogether unique, evincing how the depression arising from short food and the exhaustion coming of exposure to the elements combined may be surmounted through the energizing operation of opium, is here recorded as it was detailed in the hearing of the writer by the chief party concerned, and as confirmed by a surviving brother, Capt. R. H. Griswold of Old Lyme, Conn., and by the late Dr. N. S. Perkins of New London.
In the year 1818-19 Captain Henry Griswold set sail in the ship Almira, bound from Cadiz for New York, with a cargo of salt. A few days out the vessel from being overladen sprang a leak, requiring an immediate abandonment. The crew took to the long-boat on its being brought alongside, though at the risk of being swamped, for the ship went under in about fifteen minutes. There was barely time to throw aboard a single cask of water, besides a few biscuits hastily gathered up from the dinner table; for the rest they must trust to luck.
Afloat now, captain and crew to the number of nineteen, in a crowded craft without shelter of any kind, they were “driven by the wind and tossed” to contend with withering sun and pelting storm and surging sea as best they might, and for twenty-one long days and nights. In progress the day-ration was necessarily reduced to one gill of water and half a cracker. Three of the number, having meantime gone into a delirium, were secured to the thwarts, and of these one died on the seventeenth day. The captain, constitutionally enthusiastic and jovial, had kept up the heart of his men with cheering words, interspersed now and then with a song or a yarn, and an occasional sip allowed from the winter-green vial he had taken along. Thus they fared.
A Saturday night had come, when the captain, having dropped into a doze for the first time, seemed to himself to spy land in the distance (they were nearing Fayal Harbor, though unconsciously), and upon the shore a man in the habit of a friar standing and beckoning Awaking, he breaks out in these words: “Cheer up, my boys, and worry the night through, we shall sight land tomorrow.” Sure enough, (and who shall doubt any longer about dreams and premonitions!) next morning there hove in sight and within hailing distance a boat bearing what appeared to be the identical friar as seen in the dream. They were soon in port, but almost exhausted, all but the captain, the only man of the company now able to raise himself upon his legs.
Here is a mystery truly, now to be explained. The captain, when ready to leave his cabin finally, on casting his eye hurriedly around caught sight of a vial that was standing apart on a shelf. This, without any forethought, he slipped into his vest pocket, taking from the medicine chest at the same time the vial of wintergreen. From the latter he distributed to the men once a week regularly; the other vial (and it proved to be the laudanum vial) he reserved for his own private use. This he applied from time to time to his lips and tongue, but stealthily and unobserved by the crew. The effect in reviving his strength and spirits was indeed magical; and to the use made of the liquid he attributed (and correctly, no doubt) his sustained power of endurance. His constipation (that most pestering symptom appertaining to sea life) he managed effectually on getting ashore, with the help of a half-pint draught from a bottle of olive oil. Another very noticeable effect of the laudanum was that it made the stomach tolerant of sea water.
Among the Orientals opium is used as a preparative for the battle-field. In 1850 (Chinese Register) just as a fight with the rebel force on the Northern frontier was impending, it was found one morning that the imperial soldiery to the number of some thousands had made a stampede for a foray upon the neighboring country, with the intent of renewing their stock of opium. What precise advantage, however, is to be expected from such stimulus may be calculated from a fact mentioned by Hue in relation to the campaign of 1832 against the Yaous, that the emperor’s army, though numerically superior, fell much below their adversaries in pluck and steadiness. The repeated successes secured by the rebel chief, often against great odds, are ascribed by this tourist to the abjuration of opium, as exacted of them in accordance with the prescribed rule of military service.
The Rajpoots (that soldier-class whose meat and drink one might almost say is opium), when the morning preceding an expected battle has come, take a double charge of the stimulant, and thus fortified they are able to confront their enemy as with a wall of fire, never receding, never yielding, but like tigers fighting on even to the death.
The martial impetuosity of the Turk, so diverse from his habitual apathy of demeanor at home, is wakened up by similar incitements, just as “Dutch courage” on the Zuyder Zee is provoked by draughts of Schiedam.
The Moslem soldier, says Barbier, in anticipation of an onslaught to be made upon a host in the field or upon a beleaguered town, prepares himself with an extra of the kind. This “bello vivida virtus” is thus portrayed by Byron in his “Siege of Ismail:”
“And one enormous shout of “Allah!” rose
In the same moment, loud as e’er the roar of war’s most mortal engines,
To their foes hurling defiance; city, stream, and shore resounded,
“Allah” and the clouds, which close with thickening canopy the conflict o’er,
Vibrate to the Eternal Name:
Hark! through all sounds it pierceth – “Allah, Allah, Hu!”
During the month Ramadan or April (the Mohammedan Lent-season), when no food of any description can be swallowed between sunrise and sunsetting on pain of anathematization, this sort of device is often practised: two or perhaps three opium-pellets (hashisch is sometimes combined), folded together concentrically, yet so that each is enclosed in its separate wrapper, are thus swallowed in mass, to undergo successive solutions in the stomach.
The great poet of his day, who was wont to see with his own eyes whatever was worth the seeing and describing, makes a brief allusion in the following lines:
“Just at this season Ramazani’s fast
Through the long day its penance did maintain;
But when the lingering twilight-hour was past,
Revel and feast resumed the rule again.”
Certain anomalous uses to which opium has been applied, for it is a kind of double-edged tool that must be handled cautiously every way, a something “dextraque laevaque a parte timendum”, may be properly adverted to here. In those Eastern countries where tortures are self-inflicted by way of penance, opium (or it may be bhang, one or both) is the common preparative.
There was the fakir that came under Heber’s notice in India, who in his journeyings around was wont to exhibit to the gaping crowd his tongue pierced with a bodkin. The Hindu widow was prepared for the suttee by a drugging of the same sort. The dervishes of Etolia, says Tournefort, undergo a like discipline, and then run the gauntlet between flaming torches, severely scorched, but apparently indifferent to pain. At Delhi and other Indian capitals, where effeminate rajahs, the degenerate representatives of the great Timur, long held nominal sovereignty, but where petticoated neuters really guided the reins, there once obtained a practice of this kind. To obviate the rivalry for the succession that was very sure to arise among a large household of superfluous princes of the blood, there was hit upon the device of reducing them to the condition of imbecility through a systematic training upon opium from childhood forward.
At Stamboul they used a more expeditious instrument, the bowstring. Aurungzebe had an invention of his own devising, an opiated elixir, Poust so called, which he was wont to commend as a morning draught to obnoxious courtiers and suspected sultanas. Such potion, while less repulsive to appearance, was none the less efficacious than the glaive of the Capidji bachi, or than the sack and a fast anchorage in the Bosphorus.
Exploitations upon opium here at home have thus far taken less of the tentative form, but then the likelihood is we shall be able from time to time to “report progress.” The same element used by the pen painter to heighten the coloring of the “ horrible and awful,” and that supplies puffiness to the platform spouter in his laborings upon the forcible feeble of oratory, may serve equally well the purpose of the astute drover for “putting into condition” a limpsy bullock before his exhibition at Bull’s-head, or that of the stable jockey in getting up his spavined jade for a third appearance at Tattersall’s: just as in India teamsters and farriers contrive to give to a hide naturally coarse and rough a sleeky look and feel, or to infuse a mettlesome vigor into the flabby muscles of a spent animal by a liberal administration of poudre arsenicale (Morewood).
Opium Idiosyncrasies
(Editor’s Note) In this chapter, Calkins relates tales of both great tolerance for Opium and great sensitivity to its influence, and doesn’t go to any lengths to explain the difference except for remarking that Opium gets them all in the end. Of course, dying at the age of 100 after smoking Opium all your life doesn’t really do much for what Calkins wants us to think of as a death sentence. Unlike many of his other chapters, however, he doesn’t rant and condemn the moral weakness of those who over-indulge, nor does he go to great lengths regarding the life circumstances of those he describes. Some of these “collected tales” are quite interesting; the rest merely ho-hum. I am posting this chapter mainly to maintain the flow of the narrative. I couldn’t find a graphic that illustrates what Calkins calls “Opium Idiosyncrasies” but perhaps this one is idiosyncratic enough to make the point. I didn’t know that Buddy Holly played the banjo.
Chapter XII: Idiosyncrasies
“Quo teneam, vultus mutantem,Protea, vinclo?” – Horace
“’Tis green, ’tis green, sir, I assure ye –
Green (cries the other in a fury),
Why, sir, d’ye think I’ve lost my eyes?” – Merrick
Individual constitutions here and there turn up to notice, upon which the action of opium appears to be nearly if not quite innocuous; others again, if not altogether intolerant of the malign influence, are extremely impressible to such influence. All such are cases of idiosyncrasy.
Organizations there are which seem fortified by the very constitution of their nature against exterior influences altogether. Thus speaks Cabanis: “N’oubliez pas jamais, qu’il est des organisations qui triomphent de tous les exces, parcequ’ils ont recu de Dieu le privilege de se retremper ou tant d’autres succombent.
Memorable instances may be cited in illustration.
Darius (says Athenaeus), an extravagant wine-bibber, was never overcome by intoxication. This monarch took the pains to have engraved over his tomb the following epitaph (Henderson): “Here lies the man who could drink more wine and bear it more bravely than any other.”
The great commoner, Pitt, on retiring from the House of Commons after an exciting debate, would drink off two bottles of port as if it had been so much lemonade. Carre d’ Avignon instances an invalid, yet short of his fiftieth year, who daily consumed two-thirds of a litre of brandy, and with this two pounds of tobacco in the course of a week. Marcet knew of a case not unlike, a man who besides his pint of spirit used up in the course of the day a gallon to a gallon and a half of country-ale. Drinkwater of Worcestershire had a field laborer who could drink his sixteen quarts of cider in the working hours of the day; but even this man is put into the shade by a Welsh squire told of, who weighed forty stone, and whose score was eight gallons of “home-brewed.”
Brissiac, one hundred and sixteen years old as reported, died as he had lived, with a cigar in his mouth. Von Tschudi while in Peru met a coquero, a man reputedly one hundred and thirty years of age (a centenarian undoubtedly), who had been a coca eater the larger part of his life, but who had never been sick, not for a day.
There was a gentleman of New Jersey, Dr. G. known to the writer, who died something more than ten years since at the ripe age of eighty-two. This man, hale and agile, an early riser, a temperate eater, and of marked mental activity, was a noted consumer of whiskey, though never to the extent of inebriation. The quantity for a single drink was about half a wine glass, but this was repeated three times or sometimes oftener before breakfast, and so in proportion for the other parts of the day, to the amount altogether of one to one and a half pints. Such cases, however, belong rather to the catalogue of rare cases.
Tolerance of opium is as conspicuous as is that of other narcotic stimuli. There was Mahomet Rhiza Khan of Schiraz, who took opium enough at a time to poison thirty ordinary persons, and yet when seen ten years after when he had got to be ninety-six years old, he was to appearance as vigorous as ever.
In the Pharmaceutical Transactions (London) of 1860 is the report of an inquest held in the case of a young rogue, who, now tired of life and prepared to shuffle off the mortal coil, proceeded (as appeared from a memorandum left on his table) after the following manner: Laudanum, a half-ounce draught, was followed up by eight grains of the gum; but these proving inefficient, four grains of morphine and a swallow of Battley’s liquor (what he had kept as a reserve) were superadded, all having been used in about a week’s time. The pistol completed the business: “Il lui falloit, au lieu d’opium, Un pistolet, et du courage.”
A more extraordinary case than the preceding has been published by Dr. MacGillivray of Canada. A man of good estate, thirty-seven years of age, who used alcoholic liquors withal and to excess, had besides been addicted to the use of opium now three years. One day and in the doctor’s presence he swallowed a drachm of morphine in half a tumbler of whiskey, and in twenty minutes from this four ounces of laudanum, and finally in the evening, after their return from the opera, he finished off with fifteen grains additional of morphine, with whiskey as at first no prejudicial effects had followed to appearance, though the man admitted his constitution was being gradually undermined. Death from delirium tremens occurred some months after.
Instances less conspicuous, but scarcely less significant, are of no infrequent occurrence. Dr. Russell at Aleppo was one day with a Turk, who in his presence swallowed a drachm lozenge in the morning, repeating his dose at noon and again at evening, and without evident prejudice. Dr. Tait of Edinburgh knew a lady of mature age, ruddy-faced and sound, who had enjoyed her daily half-ounce of laudanum for twenty-four years. Wilberforce, who, as advised by Dr. Pitcairn, had used opium for its roborant power a term of years (though in moderate amounts only), observes, that for any peculiar sensations experienced he was scarcely aware on any one day whether he had taken his dose or had forgotten it. There is a New York lady of patrician connections, Mrs. M., who began the use of opium not far from twenty-five years back, and for causes incidental to the married state. She has reared a family of children nevertheless. Her measure for a good number of years (and what has not since been materially deviated from) was two drachms of morphia every day. The only obvious indication of the habit a certain sparkle in the eyes and a very moderate exaltation of the spirits, and the only morbid effect of consequence, a transient diarrhoea after any casual intermission.
In all such cases, however, signs of deterioration will ultimately show themselves (Dr.L.). In a lower sphere of life was an elderly lady of New Jersey, who used to come over to Moreton’s every three or four days for her opium, seldom varying inside of half a drachm or exceeding a drachm. Thus she did for ten years (though she had been an opium eater for twice that period) down to her death, which occurred about 1850, she being then in her sixty-ninth year. Health in the general was fair, constipation was never complained of, the countenance showed nothing usual other than a degree of sallowness, and the death appears to have had no obvious connection with her habit.
In the London Lancet of 1837 is a narrative by Morewood of an Indian prince, a sensualist of the Oriental type proper, pampered in his imbecility of enjoyment by whatever power could command or gold could purchase. The account is his own, as given on a visit of the English ambassador. Eighteen hours of the twenty-four he spent in sleep (if a dreamy stupor be such), being aroused at intervals, and then only for the renewal of his boluses; the remaining time he passed in a state of half-waking, engrossed ith his hallucinations and reveries. This potentate that was by a Dei-gratia right purely, but victim really to a bondage more abject than pertained to the humblest of his menial attendants, used ounces of opium every day, taking no food proper, a little pilau only excepted. A servile imitator without the merit of originality, he practised upon a text that had been proclaimed centuries before: “Eat, drink, and sleep – what can the rest avail us? – So spake that sceptred fool, Sardanapalus.”
At the opposite extreme are cases as remarkable, evincing the idiosyncrasy of intolerance. An instance is given by Reaumur. Several young men having come together one evening for a carousal, it was agreed to make an experiment upon one of the number, by dropping into his wine a four-grain powder of opium. The individual upon whom the deception was practised having retired to bed, was not thought of again until the next morning, when he was found rigid in death. Tournon gives the case of a lad with earache, whose ear having been plugged with a bolus of four grains, he fell into a sleep soon after, but to wake no more. Morphine too in the proportionately small dose of one grain, and half an ounce of laudanum also (if not less than this), have acted fatally (Sieveking).
A very unusual exemplification of extreme sensitiveness under morphine, in the person of Dr. Vandervoort of New York, is here given as communicated by himself. For some unwonted and extreme nervousness, the doctor has now and then found a wonderful quietive in morphine, but what is especially noticeable is the amount of effect so out of proportion to the extremely small quantity used. Three minims of Magendie’s solution (only 1/4 of a grain of morphine) would within a moderate space throw him into a state of serene sedation and most voluptuous repose, to be followed in three or four hours by a profuse sudorific action of the most comfortable kind, and finally by a sleep for the night calm and refreshing. No nausea or other unpleasant symptom was felt in the morning, unless the amount had been exceeded by a single drop or two, or in case the original dose had been repeated.
There is an idiosyncrasy of a secondary order, and of artificial creation rather, the creature of habit carried to excess, but none the less distinguishable and peculiar when once established. This is a morbid lesion of some kind, which, however perplexing to the scrutiny of the anatomist, is none the less discernible in its developments. Here or there may be observed a case of extreme sensitiveness and impressibility of the stomach under the action of opium, whatever be the preparation used or however reduced the dose. Perseverance in the use, or a revived use only after a period of intermission, becomes doubly hazardous. Analogies may be observed in the action of the bromides, of lead, of mercurial salts, upon such as have once undergone the characteristic organic changes. A lady, Miss Louisa X., then under the care of the present writer, suffered once a severe salivation of more than three weeks’ continuance, and, all from a ten-grain dose of calomel, notwithstanding that the medicine had been followed within four hours by oil as a counter-agent This pathologic excitability of the organism had been established through the intemperate employment of mercurials, more than ten years before, against a malarious fever.
The popular belief that opium, used habitually, if in moderation, is proprio vigore pernicious, is a proposition to be accepted only with qualifications. The differences observed are ascribable almost as much to race perhaps as to individual temperament. The peoples of the Orient generally, being of the phlegmatic cast more, are able to bear with more certain impunity than Europeans, not stimuli only but narcotics as well, be these alcoholic liquors or opium or tobacco. The Chinese, as Dr. Parker observes, have indeed “a susceptibility to opium like wax to the seal.”
European families, if perhaps less responsive under the primal influence, appear altogether less tolerant under the permanent impression. If not “wax to receive,” yet “marble to retain” they certainly are. Dr. Macpherson says, that though the Chinese, rich and poor as well, are smokers in so large proportion, nevertheless as a people they are athletic and vigorous and capable of great endurance, and that the lower orders both as to intelligence and physical stamina are quite equal if not superior to the uncultivated classes of the West.
Sir H. Pottinger, and also Mas, Spanish envoy at Peking, have drawn similar inferences from their observations. Even Dr. Little, while insisting that body and mind with it do not seldom wear out from excess, holds that the majority suffer no more from smoking opium than do Englishmen from smoking tobacco. The coolies certainly, inveterate smokers as they are, scarcely yield in persevering endurance to any class we could pit against them.
The indolent Turk too, as appears, is fully as tolerant of the narcotic as his neighbor of the Farther East. A great consumer of tobacco, coffee, and opium, one and all, he breaks down only exceptionally. Turn him out for the big doses. Edward Smith met with a gentleman in Smyrna, who took his three drachms in the morning and at night again, and without experiencing either exhilaration or narcotism in an unwonted degree. This person himself expressed the conviction, however, that his extravagance was wearing him out.
On the borders of the Mediterranean and the Euxine with their balmy skies, like instances, not uncommon, could scarcely be matched here in Cisatlantic land. The prima-facie objection to opium lies no more in the possible extravagance of use and the incidental liabilities than in the presumption, that the habit once fastened upon the man is fixed irreversibly, impressible to no impulse of the will-power from within, unyielding before any moral persuasives brought to bear against it from without. Facilis descensus – smooth is the slide over the slippery verge, but, revocare gradum – to face the whirl and surmount an overwhelming tide, here is a conflict too mighty for mortal endeavor. The desperate opium eater is like some reckless mariner pushing his fragile bark along an unexplored sea, careless of the hidden rock on which he may split or of the foamy eddy into which he is being furiously borne, until in a moment he has passed from sight, “Imo barathri ter gurgite sorptus.”
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Opium Addiction: Immature Development And Family Degeneracy
(Editor’s Note) This chapter contains some pretty offensive, elitist, racist language, so please be advised.
This chapter is a recitation of horrors, in particular the terrible price that infants and children pay for toxic substances ingested by their mothers before and during pregnancy. The damage done by using toxic Opium-based quack “medicines” to keep infants quiet and manageable was a world-wide phenomenon in the 1800’s, directly attributable to ruthless exploitation of gullible women promoted through the advertising of hundreds of tonics and elixirs. These “medicines” did indeed contain opium, but not fresh, pure opium gathered directly from the poppy. The manufacturers of these toxic brews used instead the cheapest dregs of global Opium commerce along with alcohol, morphine, heroin, and other popular toxins like mercury and bromine to boost the sedative effects of their “infant syrups”.
Interestingly enough, in 19th Century accounts of opium growing villages where people used pure opium from infancy, and where babies were fed opium straight from the field primarily because it dulled hunger, although everybody in these villages were opium addicts in the sense that they were daily lifetime users, the accounts that describe the rural poverty and primitive living conditions don’t describe the horror and degradation of addiction, but often report – somewhat bemusedly – widespread longevity and good health. Starvation, poverty and disease seem to have been the biggest obstacle to living long healthy lives in these villages, not Opium addiction. For the most part in these disparaging and racist 19th Century reports, scenes of degeneration and human degradation due to Opium addiction are confined to the cities, far away from the poppy fields and far down the chain of toxic adulteration of the opium and inhuman exploitation of the people.
Calkins joins others of his age and class and is at his judgmental, racist worst in those parts of this chapter where he analyzes the degeneration of the human race under the influence of opium, but that does not reduce the usefulness of his observations of life in America as he encountered it in his medical practice. Neither does the racism and smug superiority of the observers he quotes from around the world negate the factual component of their observations of the effects of cheap, adulterated, toxic Opium on poor, ignorant and castaway people compared with the relative good health and longevity of people in the rural Opium-growing villages.
In reading this chapter what strikes me the most clearly is that virtually none of the terrible fates of the people that Calkins describes were created through moderate consumption of pure, natural Opium; they are instead quite obviously victims, people whose lives are equal parts misery, pain and hopelessness, and who turned to whatever they believed would give them even a moment’s peace, regardless of the consequences for them or their children. That is the horror described here, although Dr. Calkins does not quite have the perspective to see the true nature of the horrors he describes. We can’t condemn him for this shortcoming – how many of us, were we living in 1870 and seeing the world that he experienced every day, would know any better?
What I find unforgivable is that today, 150 years later, the ruling classes whose wealth comes largely from exploitation of helpless people are still successfully convincing the “good people” of every society to blame both the victims and the substances that the victims use to escape their painful lives, and to ignore the plain evidence of their rulers’ greed and consummate evil. The continuing success of this transparent mind manipulation and the failure of society’s institutions to call this class of despotic parasites to justice is the most solid evidence I can find (along, of course, with nuclear and biological weapons in the hands of madmen) that the human race is quite likely doomed – not the fact that frightened, suffering people continue to try to escape the calculated misery of their lives in any way they can.
“And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.” Matthew 19:24
Chapter XI: Immature Development And Family Degeneracy
“Sevior armis – Luxuria.” – Juvenal.
“O Luxury, thou cursed by heaven’s decree!
How do thy potions, with insidious joy, diffuse their pleasures only to destroy!” – Goldsmith
Morel, while admitting that the medium term of life has doubled within three centuries, contends nevertheless that the race, taken as a whole, is degenerating. The idea, far from being paradoxical, derives a certain speciousness of support certainly from the general fact, that there are numerous deteriorating agencies perpetually at work, whose operation is purely pernicious, and whose end is destruction. Peoples, like individuals, their climacteric attained and the solid buttresses of a rigid temperance and a severe morality once undermined, verge by rapid slides towards disintegration and decay. In the stolid visage of the organ grinder from the Tyrol, or in the stupid grimace that greets you from the upturned faces of a group of Neapolitan lazzaroni – “Proles docta ligonibus Versare glebas” – is there discernible, in faintest tracery only, one solitary vestige of lineament that perchance links their pedigree with the Gracchi and the Metelli of old?
“Poor, paltry slaves! yet born midst noblest scenes;
Why, Nature, waste thy wonders on such men?”
When Vasco da Gama and Albuquerque voyaged to Malacca, there to plant colonies that should reflect lustre upon their ancient mother, little prescience had they even in dim shadow of the debasement and apathy into which these settlements were eventually to sink. Here upon this Peninsula, says Dr. Yvan, where the Portuguese settlers number at most but three thousand, one may see on every street boys with etiolated complexion and puny limb, who if perchance they survive the period of childhood will pass at once to that of adult life (for here there is no intervening season of youth), to lapse ere long into a premature decrepitude. An enemy, subtle as the serpent, more malignant than war and pestilence combined, has wrought out the mischief.
So, too, Formosa (Isle of Beauty) presents the spectacle of a race once hardy and warlike, but now sunken in an emasculating decline through subjection to the same pestilent invader. Of the children in Malacca whose parents have been habituated to opium, says Surgeon Smith, “They go about with the physical expression of general enervation, and in their mental aspect the imprint of dullness and fatuity. So of the boys in Amoy, whose index marks are watery eyes, sunken cheeks, and sallow faces, an idiotic expression, and a mopy gait”
Verily, “the iniquities of the father’s development a curse visited upon the children even unto the third and fourth generations.”
Assam, as appears from the account by Bruce, presents an equally ugly picture. “Opium is the plague that threatens to depopulate this beautiful country. Here is a people, once vigorous and thriving, now the most demoralized and degenerate of all the tribes of India.
As in China, where population has fallen off from an annual advance of three percent, to one-third this, so here the natural increase is visibly kept down through impaired fecundity; and as for old men, there are very few indeed. Deplorable as is the physical corruption of the Assamese, their moral debasement is even worse. Eking out existence in a miserable effeminacy, and utterly impervious to any sense of shame, they will recklessly go to any excess for the procuring of their stimulus, even to the bartering of wife and children. The doctrine of hereditation, in which is implied neither the transmission of vice actual (personal transgression involving will), nor yet the certain perpetuation of any one definite appetite before every other, but only a proclivity to someone kindred taste or habit, meets us as far back as when Plato speculated and Aristotle dogmatized, if indeed we do not find the germ of the same in the story of “ man’s first disobedience.”
Hippocrates presents the main idea thus: “Patrum in natos abcunt cum semine mores.” with Mercatus, “Habitus per assuetudinem acquisitus, transit in naturam.” Lucretius also long since enunciated the same idea, and he at a later day is followed by Valsalva: “Animal simile simili generat, secundum naturam in actu.”
Synd Ahmed Bahador, a pundit of the day, claims for the Brahminical Mishna the original promulgation of the doctrine. Vouatt finds an analogy obtaining in the inferior animals. As exemplifications of development in the human constitution may be instanced, oinomania, boulimia, nymphomania; in the moral, not unfamiliar examples are, pseudomania, kleptomania, phonomania. The “corruption of blood” as indicated in the general physiognomy, works in either of two ways: by directly obstructing the proper evolution of the brain-substance, or else by bringing about at a later period an impaired integrity of structure, and by consequence an enfeebled vitality, and besides a circumscribed power of intellection.
Dr. Palmer of Ontario, speaking of women addicted to opium, observes that they seldom venture upon marriage, for that barrenness and disappointment in other respects are the results in prospect. Mrs. P., a patient of his, who made her beginning two years before marriage, that is, ten years ago, was divorced after a time. No children came of this union, and there was no sufficient explanation of the fact other than in the existence of the habit. This person, notwithstanding her “general denial” is known to be using morphine to the amount of a drachm per week.
Most toxic agents, of whatever name, appear to possess some common property, by virtue of which they determine primarily to the brain or the spinal axis. The observation is borne out by various pathologic evidences. Prof. Ogston of Aberdeen, upon examining the brain of a woman who in a drunken fit had just drowned herself, found in the cerebral ventricles a fluid that in physical properties corresponded essentially to alcohol. In the Illinois Journal of Medicine is recorded the case of a man, also drowned while intoxicated, from whose brain, on removal of the calvarium, there emanated an odor distinctly alcoholic. The consequences to be expected under similar conditions are thus expressed by Morel: “Sous l’influence des alcooliques et quelques narcotiques (telles que opium) il se produit des perversions si grandes dans les fonctions du systeme nerveux, qu’il en resulte des veritables degenerescences, soit par la force directe de Tagent toxique, soit par la seule transmission hereditaire.”
Two cases from Prof. Z. Pitcher, M.D., of Detroit, evince very considerable diversities of effect under the operation of the same narcotic – opium. Mrs. P. E. A., now twenty-eight years of age, was the mother of two children. Phlegmasia dolens after each confinement, and a general hyperesthesia existing which each return of the menstrual period always aggravated, had got into the using of opium, periodically only at first, but by-and-by continuously, until the habit had become settled. After a few years, the narcotic not being found to suffice the nervous craving, alcohol became an additional resort and in large and increasing amounts. Nutrition was not essentially interfered with by these excesses, nor was she disqualified for supervising the affairs of the household through infirmity, cither physical or mental, and, besides, she had been able to nurse and rear the children independently of help. Upon the cessation of the menstrual function, the addiction to both stimuli grew upon her more and more; and for the rest of her life or to her 64th year, the daily dose, somewhat irregular, was often a scruple. The temperament of this patient might have led to the use of whiskey independently of the existing causes.
Mrs. H. B., now about forty-five years of age, and mother of eight children, was married at twenty. Health continued good until the birth of the youngest child (eight years since). Embolia of the uterine sinuses (pursuant upon the last birth) with its attendant sufferings led to the practice of taking morphia daily in small doses, but with much regularity, though in quantities increased as time advanced. At intervals the alkaloid has been somewhat reduced in amount from the substitution of alcoholic liquors; but lately both stimuli have gone on together and to extravagance. Conspicuous upon all occasions is a growing imbecility of mind, the more evident now from being in painful contrast with the natural moral force once so brilliant and strong in her habitual demeanor.
The idea of an influence of some sort transmitted from a corrupted fountain rests upon a foundation stronger than mere presumption. In Norway, “…in 1825, the spirit-duty was taken off, and in ten years from that the increase in percentage of congenital idiocy was ascertained to be as 150 to 100.” Dr. Howe, in a Report to the Legislature of Massachusetts rendered in 1848, makes return of one hundred idiots, whose parents to nearly one-half were found upon inquiry to have been habitual drunkards. According to the second Report of the Binghamton Asylum, it was ascertained that out of 1406 persons who had suffered delirium tremens, the parents or else the grandparents on one side or the other had been drunkards in 980 instances. Dr. Down in the London Lancet for 1859 records two cases pertinent to the main inquiry. In one family there was a child five years old with the intelligence of a nine months’ infant, but without deformity of body. Several of the children showed corresponding defects. In another family a part of the children were growing up healthy in look and of normal stature, and the last of the entire group also presented as good an appearance, in the intervening period, and after the father had become a habitual drunkard, two children were born, markedly distinguished from the rest in their stinted arms, big bellies, and bulgy heads. There was ground for believing that in both instances procreation had been effected inter paroxysm.
The proper view to be taken of these and other analogous cases is this undoubtedly; not that a certain physical appetite or organic vitiation, nor that a definite moral proclivity is certainly determined, but rather what Dr. Parrish has termed it, “an inherited condition of system.”
Nero, says Petronius, in the beginning of his reign deported himself soberly and in the exercise of a mild, forbearing spirit; but ere long, “tel racine, telle feuille”, throwing off all disguise, he rushed headlong into wild and even unnatural excesses, as if he would subvert the very order of nature, nursing his high-blown vanity and malignancy of temper in the practice of cruelties, such as were to have been expected of the monster brood born of an Agrippina. “Can a fountain send forth from the same mouth both sweet water and bitter?”
Hartley Coleridge, who followed his father in propensity to excesses, though in a collateral course rather, is forced in the agony of his desperation to exclaim, “ O woeful impotence of weak resolve!”
But we are not compelled to halt upon analogy, however significant that may be viewed as negative, pregnant evidence. There are facts confirmatory of this sort of foetal susceptivity where opium also has been the toxic used. Upon an inquest held at Walpole by Dr. Macnish, it appeared that a child, five years of age, though to appearance only so many weeks old, had never been able to walk nor so much to utter an articulate sound. The mother during her gestation (as was in evidence) had taken to morphine, using a drachm a day in the months just preceding her demise. The child, born before the habit had become fixed, showed a normal development and the aspect of general health
A confirmatory case is by H. Vanarsdale, M.D.. of New York. In this instance the parties, both of them, were healthy and robust by original constitution and by habits of life too, with the exception that the woman had for a very considerable period been in the practice of using morphine regularly and to great excess. An infant born subject to the liabilities had only a very imperfect physical organization with weak intellectual indications.
Pestilent as opium is upon the brain developed in its maturity, yet more pernicious, times over, is the reaction when it falls upon immature years. Whether the child suck in the poison mediately through the natural lacteal channels, or whether it receive the same pure and undiluted as measured out by the teaspoon, contamination is equally assured. “Mourir en fleur ou vivre bien petit” – such is the slippery tenure of life, such the inexorable necessity imposed. In view of such prospects, what shall be thought of a fashion obtaining among families of distinction in China, that of encouraging boys yet within the age of puberty in the use of the opium-pipe, with the fallacious expectation that such habit may perchance exert a resistive force against appetites and indulgences of a more sensual character? The furnishing of laudanum by their impoverished parents to children employed in the cotton mills of Lancashire may make a plausible show of excuse; but what can be said in palliation of practices, as in some of the lace factories for instance, where the infant incumbrances, fruits of the “ impermissa gaudia” enjoyed in their liaisons de convenance, are put upon Godfrey as precedent to the stronger alcoholic tincture, by which together they are used up in about six months?
Dr. Harper says of the Fen districts, where laudanum is given extensively, that the infant mortality is at an excessively high figure, and his account is corroborated by the doctors and the clergy of the parochial districts all over England
A pertinent case is from Prof. Pitcher. J.W. A., a young man at the time and a midshipman in the Navy (about 1825), had contracted the habit of intemperate drinking. His father, with the view to his reclaiming, sent him into the Indian country in charge of an attache of the American Fur Company. Having reached Sault de St. Marie he had an attack of delirium tremens, and to get rid of the horrors of his hallucinations he one day made a plunge into the Falls. Rescued from this peril, he renounced whiskey for eight years, or during his residence in this region, having substituted in its place tobacco, of which he used large quantities.
Soon after reaching the wintering-ground of the detachment, he married a half-breed Chippewa, by whom he had one child, a daughter, with feeble intellect and scrofulous habit. On his return to Detroit, in 1835, Dr. P. met him again. Meantime he had taken a second wife, one-fourth Shawnee, and, as appeared, had become habituated to opium in connection with his tobacco, though as yet and for some time after he was able to keep his habit disguised.
At the outbreak of epidemic cholera in 1849, being in painful dread of an attack, he voluntarily and without advice gave up all his narcotics; but there followed upon the change an appalling fit of delirium as before, with accompanying spectral illusions indescribably terrible. Recovering again, he resumed his opium, now in the form of morphine, increasing the amount until he had reached 20 grains. From this time onward there proceeded a gradual decay of intellectual power, the will especially becoming extremely feeble. The habit continued until 1856, broken only by death.
In his case the appetite for alcoholic stimuli – the reverse order is the common one – preceded the opium. The children born after the second marriage did not all inherit the infirmity of the parent; the two that were of his own temperament showed a tendency to phthisis. Both became intemperate drinkers, and one died such; the other, having substituted opium for alcohol, still survives, the progress of the original malady being apparently arrested.
In relation to hereditary transmission generally, Dr. P. is of opinion that the liability is greater when referable to the mother. A case of Dr. Palmer’s seems to incline to the doctrine of qualified hereditation. The youngest child of a family, now arrived at his majority nearly, has grown up an illiterate dullard, from sheer incapacity to learn anything. Following the mother but on a different line, he has thus early taken to dissipated ways, with the prospect of dying a sot. The mother, Mrs. H., now of the age of 50, has used opium for half this period, though never exceeding a drachm for the week.
There came under the writer’s notice, not long since, an invalid eighteen years old perhaps, of scrofulous habit somewhat, with an obscure indication of choreic tendency, and in intellect decidedly below par. This girl, the fifth in the series, was born after an interval of half a dozen years, by which time the habit of the mother (which had had its beginning soon after marriage, if not considerably earlier) was thoroughly established and in more palpable development. No indications of taint were noticeable in the older children.
The reckless employment of opiated preparations to the imperiling of infant life almost exceeds belief. There was a woman in Singapore, a desperate smoker at the rate of 36 grains of the chandoo daily, with two young children to care for, which she managed only this wise. To stay their noise (for they would whine and moan all the day if left to themselves) she would breathe over their faces a whiff or two of opium smoke. This practice (a common one in her country, as she represented to Surgeon Smith) allowed her to go to her task in the fields, unincumbered and unembarrassed.
Parrish of Philadelphia knew of a mother who used to give her child (it was but two years old) for a morning-potion a tablespoonful of laudanum, and for a similar purpose.
Paregoric, that household bane so empirically and yet so lavishly dispensed by imprudent mothers, whether for its present sedative efficacy, or whether for its supposed prophylactic virtue, has been, as an instrument of retributive evil, the very Nemesis of the nursery.
Here is an enumeration of particulars by a medical correspondent of the “Morning Chronicle”;
“Serious suffusion of the brain, if not degenerescence of the substance, with disruption of the cranial sutures, extreme nervousness and a lowered vis vitae, a sallow, corrugated skin, a tympanitic abdomen, limbs shrunken and shrivelled, a mopy gait, the faces hippocratica as of the death-spook in the window, youth in fine already transformed into the ugliness of decrepit age, with tabes mesenterica or dropsy in the not distant future — such are the appearances, such the prospects.”
“Could our mortuary registers reveal more of the hidden causes that are unremittedly operating to the impairment of the physical constitution ere the primal period has passed, they would tell of children sacrificed in hecatombs year in and out, the passive victims of syrups and elixirs whose labels are as audaciously false as the gilding is vulgarly profuse.”
“A case in point once fell under the observation of the writer of these pages. Mrs. B., a matron of a New England town, had taken for adoption into the family a boy then two years old. The child, from excess of solicitude and out of a mistaken kindness, was pampered with candies and other entremets during the day, so that by the time night had come it had got gorged to repletion. Restive now under its colicky pains it was not to be amused with cradle rockings, and so the dernier resort, the infallible paregoric vial, was taken into service. The dose, ten drops for a start, soon grew to a teaspoonful, and such supply was continued unremittedly through several months. As in similar cases, brief was the course and urgent the close – hydrocephalus in the sixth year. “So fades the lovely blooming flower.”
“Purpureus veluti cum flos, succisus aratro, Languescit moriens.” – Virgil.
Opium Use, Longevity And Personal Deterioration
(Editor’s Note) In this chapter we get to the crux of the matter regarding the impact of Opium on people’s health and longevity – Dr. Calkins finally says it straight out:
“Facts and opinions thus apparently conflicting in the exterior view are sufficiently reconcilable if various qualifying considerations be allowed due force. Prominent among these are purity in the article and moderation in the use.”
“As observes the Rev. Mr. Doolittle, “The favored classes, being possessed of abundant means, can always procure supplies of the purest quality, whereas artisans and others are necessarily limited to the inferior sorts.”
From that observation it is only a very short leap to acknowledging that if a person grows their own Opium poppies and harvests the tears of the poppy themselves, and smokes only these crystallized drops of the sun and moon in moderation, then all of the benefits and none of the harm that has been attributed to Opium addiction will fall upon that person.
Similarly, if in our society an ethical grower were able to produce pure, natural Opium for a collective of friends or local clients, and if that Opium were to pass into the hands of the smokers unadulterated by passing through a commercial chain of manipulation, adulteration, greed and deception, then entire communities could enjoy the benefits of the Opium poppy without any of the degradation and pain created entirely by capitalist exploitation. The Opioid Crisis is a crisis of Predatory Capitalism, not of Opium.
(If it matters, I make the same distinction between Capitalism and Predatory Capitalism that I do between hunting animals for food and slaughtering animals for perverted erotic pleasure.
The same principles apply to Cannabis, to Tobacco, to Coca Leaf, and to other spirit plants not as familiar in America. If any of these natural miracles are grown personally, or locally, and if they are either free or priced reasonably according to the labor and capital required to grow them, or if they are bartered for directly with the grower, then there will be no harm, no crime, no suffering, and no degradation of the human body or spirit. It is the predatory commercial chain that has been developed around each of these pure, natural plants that is the cause of unbearable pain on a global scale – not the plants themselves. The plants are sacred gifts of Mother Earth and the Great Spirit. The pain and suffering are entirely man-made.
(From: “Opium And the Opium Appetite”
Chapter X: Longevity And Personal Deterioration
“Abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem;
Longa Tithonurri minuit sehectus.” – Horace.
“Devouring famine, plague and war,
Each able to undo mankind,
Death’s servile emissaries are:
Nor yet to these alone confined –
He hath at will
More quaint and subtle ways to kill.” – Shirley.
Longevity, in the prospective, is to be determined, not upon the citation of instances exclusively but from physical condition and social surroundings also. Plato died in harness as it were, that is, pen in hand, at the ripe age of 84. Suleyman of Constantinople passed into his 99th year. Dr. Burnes cites the case of Visrajee, a Cutchee chief 80 years old and more at the time, with health unimpaired, though an eater a lifetime. Schlegel’s woman lived upon laudanum, one might say, having used it regularly from her 49th to her 70th year, and at the rate of 300 drops in her last years. Dr. Christison instances a woman of 70, who had been habituated 40 years of the time; and another, a Leith woman, who used half an ounce as long, and who lived ten years longer. Dr. Pidduck had a similar case of the other sex.
A Brooklyn pharmaceutist furnishes for this record the case of a grandmother who died at 98, having in a measure subsisted upon laudanum for a quarter of her life. The amount for the last two years (and this had not for a long time varied considerably) was 2 tablespoonfuls, always provided she could get that much allowed her. Emaciated and withered some beyond what in the course of nature was to be expected, she lived exempt from nervousness and constipation.
Edward Parrish notices a Philadelphia lady, who having at her advanced age fallen under a sudden apprehension of impending death, betook herself to opium as what must save her, if anything could, and now for several years she is still holding out. Five octogenarians there have been known of by the writer, all within New York City and the environs, and twice as many ranging between 65 and 75.
Observers neither few nor obscure have raised the question, whether any curtailment of the life-term is to be ascribed of course to the free use of opium. Dr. O’Shaughnessy of Calcutta, one of the doubters, declares his opinion thus: “The longevity of the opium eater is proverbial.”
Smokers not a few, sixty and seventy years old, who had been addicted half their lives, came under the notice of Surgeon Smith. Dr. Oxley was assured by several such, that neither is life shortened nor health impaired, provided due limitations in quantity are maintained. Dr. Burnes, at the Court of Runjeet Singh, remarked that the people of that locality did not, to appearance, suffer much from using opium, nor was there any visible contraction of the natural period. Sir John Bowring, resident at Canton in an official capacity for twenty ears, pronounces the accounts published by many purists as superficial in description and overwrought detail.
Here at home Dr. C. A. Lee reckons it from proven that opium, used in moderation, their contracts the expected term or impairs functional regularity. These views are strengthened by certain known facts. Thus Dr. Harper, the Dispensary in the Fen district of Lancashire, hunted up one day out of the entire company of consumers, fifteen persons averaging in quantity ¼ to ½ an ounce, whose median age was 75 years. The Assei-Batang (gold-traders), a very industrious class, though notably given to the smoking of opium, are healthy and robust, says Marsden; and even in the Tories at Benares, the atmosphere of which is constantly charged with pulverulent particles or vapory exhalations arising from the gummy masses, the ickers and other manipulators have an average of life comparing favorably with the handicraft-workers generally (Dr. Eatwell).
Reports and opinions in discrepancy with such are not lacking nevertheless. Dr. Oxley, while resident in Singapore, had never met (a single instance, an octogenarian, excepted) the first opium eater that had one beyond maturity. Dr. Madden at the Constaninople Bazaar found but one visitor who had passed his climacteric, a man who had formed the habit twenty-five years before. Most of the theriakis present were apparently short of thirty-five. Dr. Parker and Dr. Macgowan both, after an extended survey of the field, express corresponding views. Says De Pouqueville, “The man who begins at twenty cannot expect to pass his thirty-sixth year” (a point twenty-five years short of his term according to the life-tables), and Oppenheim concurs. Pohlman, American missionary at Amoy, and Martin of the civil service, would reduce even this term. Dr. Little, a final appellant in all inquiries that pertain to opium, affirms that the stimulus when freely used not only shortens the term of life, but operates powerfully in making that life miserable so long as it lasts.
American physicians hold similar views. Dr. Palmer had but three patients at most who had neared seventy; most fell short of the meridian.
Thus speaks Cabanis upon narcotic stimuli in general: “L’usage habituelle de narcotiques contribue beaucoup a la longue a halter vieillesse precoce, enervant avant le temps, et s’aggravant de jour au jour.”
Of 29 detenus at the House of Correction in Singapore, all Chinamen, the 21 who smoked bore every one of them a sickly aspect with indications of premature decline; of the 9 besides, only 2 had been invalids in any respect. The doses of the twenty-one varied between 24 and 350 grains, the average being 80.
Mustapha Shatoor, whom Edward Smith saw in Smyrna, seemed by his withered face and scorbutic tooth-sockets full twenty years older than he was. His counterpart, as described by Adams, was a feeble man of a Malay village, bent almost double upon himself, whose skinny, clawlike fingers, ulcerous mouth and waddling gait, gave him much the appearance of another Nebuchadnezzar turned out to grass.
The deteriorative influence may show itself, though variously, in an entire household. There is the Chrystie family of L., a N, E. town, numbering five in all, who subsist upon opium, consuming whatever they can raise the money for, whether by stealing or otherwise, all having the look of emaciation and stupidity. The father in particular has become excessively nervous from cataleptic spasms, and all appear if a slow death were upon them. A single exception among them is a daughter, who, having had a home away from the rest, has kept clear of the contamination. Her advantage over them, both mentally and in person, is obvious and unmistakable. Three ounces of the gum per week (as much as they are able to procure anyhow) make the supply for the five; but be it so much or less than this they never fall back upon liquor as a substitute (Dr. S. S.).
The aspect of the opium eater who has fully succumbed to the malign influence is thus indicated: A sunken glassy eye with a livid circle around the pupil, dilated at first but afterwards permanently contracted, the skin of a muddy yellow or bronzed, an embarrassed tongue with thick speech, fissured lips, spine pronated and to an extreme perhaps, wasted limbs, a claudicating, vertiginous gait, a look haggard, decrepit and cadaverous, and in the end a general derangement of the physical functions and a paralysis of the mental faculties.
A fit appendix to the preceding summary is the case of the Turkish Effendi, reported by Beaujour, who had his boluses every hour, varying them with coffee taken twice as often, and whose sole aliment proper was six ounces of rice. This desiccated specimen of humanity might have passed very well for a mummy.
Then, too, the rich, unrestricted as they are in the variety of their luxuries, are less likely to push any one of them to an extreme. Indeed, with the great majority of consumers, the most powerfully cooperative influence is the scant supply of food and its unsubstantial quality. Universally it holds, as the mortuary records show, that people of easy condition in life with the various luxuries accessible, free livers though they be, do as a class outlast nevertheless their ill-provisioned and impoverished neighbors; just as the fastidious gourmet who sips Lafitte at Tortoni’s will outlive the saboted artisan who goes for his vin ordinaire six times a day to the cabaret in the Banlieu.
There is a certain class in the commonalty, the litterateurs, who make a far better show than the average. Randolph died at 60, Coleridge at 62, Hall reached 66, and De Quincey (who had one long period of intermission, however) attained to 72. Lamartine went to his 77th year, but then he began too late to be included properly in this enumeration.
In this chapter may properly be recorded the history of an opium eater, more remarkable, as viewed in all its phases, than any that has hitherto found a place on the records of medical journalism.
In 1852 there called at the office of the writer, upon the suggestion of a mutual friend, a person of mature age as he obviously was, yet retaining much of the clearness of complexion, brilliancy of eye, and elasticity of gait that belong properly to youth, and with voice marked by mellow tone curiously vibrating between falsetto and basso. This visitor (a gentleman of the ancien regime with truly in his entire bearing), now in his eighty-sixth year, in view of his robustness, and but that his teeth were gone, might have passed for a man of sixty. A specific symptom having been prescribed for, the patient departed, to be met a second time and on Wall Street thirteen years after, when it was observed he still maintained the at-militaire port of the early soldier.
Captain F. L., of the 60th British rifles, who during an eventful life has circuited the globe twice over in the prosecution of official service rendered at remote stations, contracted one time, while doubling Good Hope, a rheumatism in the form of lumbago. The malady proving obstinate, opium, faute de meilleur, as advised by a medical officer, began to be used, but irregularly only and in half-grain doses at most The present mitigation of suffering that was very sure to follow invited renewals of the pill, until what had been only an occasional resource became an indispensable companion. For two years no augmentation in quantity was made, and indeed for a long period there were but very inconsiderable additions.
From the tenth year on to the fourteenth the advance was from about twenty to thirty-six grains. From this point, however, there was a more accelerated progress, up to a drachm at length. The maximum finally reached was 75 grains for the twenty-four hours, and only in a single instance, and to the extent of twice seventy-five grains, was this amount ever exceeded. Precise measure appears, however, to have been of secondary moment, for, so resistive was his physical stamina, he could on an emergency drink off a tumblerful of laudanum entire, the very thing he once did at sea, being supplied from the medicine chest An extra annoyance was a local neuralgia induced by a shell-wound at Busaco. A fragment of this missile, having got a lodgment in the thigh, lay imbedded there for more than twenty years, slowly burrowing its way towards the knee, from whence it was finally dislodged by the scalpel.
This Nestor of opium eaters, for he has been a consumer over half a century and for something over one-half of his life, now 104 years of age, whose present regular dose is 60 grains or one drachm of the solid gum, experiences none of the excitement, physical or mental, that pertains to the habit, feeding well and sleeping regularly. Opium has become in his case a constituent part of the pabulum vita, a roborant, in fact, as indispensable for the maintaining of the several functions in their proper energy and equipoise as is the daily ration of food.
Only two considerable discomforts are felt: an occasionally intervening diarrhoea, during the continuance of which the usual allowance is reduced perhaps by one-half or thereabouts; the other, that besetting symptom attaching to the habit, and which holds the victim in perpetual thrall – constipation. This often persisted for a fortnight together, unrelieved thus long except from the stimulus of some active purgative, until, as advised by the writer, recourse was had to instrumental aid, and to the signal relief of the sufferer. The syringe, now had in almost daily requisition for eighteen years, has about superseded cathartics. Upon medium calculation, this veteran of veterans has consumed in the course of half a century two-thirds of a hundredweight or more of solid opium; but for all this his personal aspect and habitual carriage betoken a fairly vigorous man scarcely advanced to years fourscore. A physiological anomaly so unique, so extraordinary, should presumably derive some elucidation from the checkered course as traced in the record.
This voyaging soldier, born in London, March 1766, was of Anglo-French parentage. His father’s father was among the Huguenots who were expelled from France in 1685 by the edict of Nantes; his mother was an Englishwoman. After an education at the Croydon military school young L., at the age of twenty-three, was commissioned an ensign. Previously to his embarkation for the Peninsula he had served under Cornwallis in India, under York in Holland, and with the force that co-operated with Nelson at the bombardment of Copenhagen. In Spain it was, 1810, that he achieved signal distinction. Having volunteered to lead the forlorn hope against a French battery which, from a height, commanded the town of Busaco, the young ensign carried the redoubt after a brief but desperate struggle, but at the expense of fifty-nine killed and wounded out of a squad of one hundred picked men. Himself, already wounded from a fragment of an exploded shell, was felled to the ground in the very crisis of the fight, receiving a cut across the scalp from a sabreur. In recognition of this feat of successful daring, conduct that in the grande arrnee would have earned a marshal’s baton conferred upon the field, he was awarded a commemorative medal and a captaincy. Subsequently on service at the Cape, the new captain introduced himself for the first time to the Yankees, his future friends, by over-hauling an American cruiser. This was in 1811. In 1814 he is found at the Vienna Congress an attache of Castlereagh; and at St. Helena, whither his regiment had been ordered, he made the acquaintance of the illustrious prisoner, Napoleon.
Having sold out his commission in 1818, this indefatigable man, never tired of service, turns up as governor of a convict establishment in Australia. In 1824, being at sea with his family on the way for London, he was shipwrecked in Algoa Bay, losing his wife, and with her all his earnings, fifteen thousand pounds in gold; himself barely escaping, having been picked up on the strand in a state of insensibility and exhaustion. In 1837 the captain, then a voyager upon the Pacific Seas, visited Tahiti, some time after the French occupation. Ever faithful to his native instincts and ancestral traditions, he rendered himself active in behalf of the English missionaries there who were suffering some grievance at the time; but his interference operating somewhat in derogation of Gallic honneur, he was tendered by the admiral on the station a gratuitous convoy to England; a proffer which, with his characteristic suavity of politesse, he unhesitatingly accepted.
A retired pensioner, denizened in New York since 1848, this gentleman is now enjoying his “sunset of life” in a serene tranquillity amidst distinguished friends, who appreciate his worth and delight to do him honor. As if “never weary in well-doing,” our friend during the riot scenes of 1863 was the instrument, though at much personal hazard, of rescuing a life from mob-law vengeance; thus earning, Athenian-like, the honorable meed of a “civic crown.”
Conformably to habits established in early youth and but little departed from, the captain rises at three o’clock in the morning and has a substantial meal, then reads till the hour has come when he can get his morning-paper a mile away, breakfasts at eight, and in due time is off for Fifth Avenue, gets home for dinner, which he has about two of the afternoon and which he sets to with zeal and gusto, has a brief siesta after, and tea at five o’clock. At seven of the evening he retires for bed, and has a continuous comfortable sleep for six hours, undisturbed by dreams or visions of any description.
Such are the methodical habits of the man, such is the daily routine. Hearing continues unimpaired, the eye is but little dimmed, the memory is still unconfused and retentive, and conversational interviews are conducted in a pleasant way, intermingled with sententious remark and lively reminiscence. The pre-eminently ennobling grace that adorns the character, and what must not be overlooked in this episode, is that firm faith fixed on Him who is the succor and stay of us all. Let me embrace thee, good old chronicle, That hast so long gone hand in hand with Time – most reverend Nestor!
Tags: alcoholism treatment, asylums, British imperialism, Cannabis, chandoo, Chandu, colonial exploitation, degeneration. Mental illness, drug recovery programs, global opium trade, Hashish, Heroin, Indian Opium, infant addiction, Laudanum, McMunn’s Syrup, medical cannabis, medicinal Poppy, Mental health, Morphine, Mrs. Winslow’s, Opioid crisis, Opioid rehab, Opioid treatment, Opioid withdrawal, Opioids and alcohol, Opioids and Cannabis, Opium addiction, Opium and Cocaine, Opium dreams, Opium habit, Opium hallucinations. Opium Den, opium harvest, Opium Poppy, opium trade, Opium visions, Opium Wars, painkillers, Papaver somniferum, patent medicines, physician addiction, prescription opioids, Snake Oil, terminal illness, Turkish opium | Permalink.
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CNN Poll: Romney tops Obama but loses to Clinton
CNN Political Editor Paul Steinhauser
Washington (CNN) - If a rematch of the 2012 presidential election were held today, GOP nominee Mitt Romney would top President Barack Obama in the popular vote, according to a new national survey.
But a CNN/ORC International poll also indicates that if Romney changes his mind and runs again for the White House, Hillary Clinton would best him by double digits in a hypothetical showdown.
Follow @politicaltickerFollow @psteinhausercnn
The survey, released Sunday morning, also suggests that more Americans see Clinton as a strong and capable leader than those who feel the same way about Obama. But Clinton's numbers on five personal characteristics have slightly edged down the past few months.
And the poll points to a jump the past month in support among Republicans for New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Texas Gov. Rick Perry.
How Romney fares
According to the poll, if the 2012 election were somehow held again, Romney would capture 53% of the popular vote, with the President at 44%. Obama beat Romney 51%-47% in the popular vote in the 2012 contest. And he won the all-important Electoral College by a wider margin, 332 electoral votes to Romney's 206.
Last November, an ABC News/Washington Post survey indicated that if the 2012 election were held again, Romney would have had a 49%-45% edge over Obama in the popular vote.
Romney has said numerous times that he won't run for the White House again. But what if things changed and he ended up as the GOP nominee in 2016? The CNN poll indicates that 55% of Americans would support Clinton, with Romney at 42%.
"Politically speaking, there is an interesting group of people who would not vote for Obama but would pick Clinton over Romney," said CNN Polling Director Keating Holland. "It turns out that nearly seven in ten of them are women, and 56% are Independents."
The CNN poll – just like almost every national and state survey preceding it – indicates that the former secretary of state remains the overwhelming frontrunner for the Democratic nomination. Clinton is seriously considering a second White House run.
Two-thirds of Democrats and independents who lean toward the party say they would most likely support Clinton for the presidential nomination. One in ten say they'd back freshman Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, a super star among liberals. And eight percent support Vice President Joe Biden. That's a slight swap from last year, when Biden stood at 12% and Warren at 7% in CNN polling.
Like Clinton, Biden is mulling another presidential bid, while Warren has said numerous times that she's not running in 2016.
Did book tour hurt Clinton?
The poll was conducted more than a month into Clinton's book tour for her new memoir "Hard Choices."
Did Clinton's well publicized book tour – including her controversial remarks that she and her husband Bill Clinton were "dead broke" when they left the White House in 2001 – hurt her standing with the public?
The number who say that Clinton shares their values dropped from 56% in March to 51% now, and the number who say she cares about people edged down from 56% to 53% in the same time period.
"But it's tough to tell whether Clinton's remarks were the reason for any change that might have happened. The number who believe that Clinton agrees with them on issue and can manage the government effectively also dropped, and those are not qualities that you would expect to be affected by any concerns over Clinton's wealth," said Holland. "The more likely explanation is that the book tour hurt Clinton - if it did so - not because of any specific comments that she made but because more Americans now view her as an active candidate for the White House."
GOP field all knotted up, but big jumps for Christie and Perry
The poll also indicates the race for the 2016 GOP nomination remains a wide open contest with no obvious frontrunner among the potential Republican White House hopefuls.
Thirteen percent of Republicans and independents who lean towards the GOP say they'd likely back Christie, with Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky and former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, a 2008 Republican presidential candidate, each at 12%. Perry – who ran for the White House last time around – and Rep. Paul Ryan of Wisconsin – the 2012 GOP vice presidential nominee – are both at 11%.
Christie and Perry have each jumped five percentage points from CNN's last Republican nomination poll, which was conducted in June.
Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush and Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas are both at 8%, with Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida at 6%, Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin at 5% and former Sen. Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania, who battled Romney deep into the 2012 GOP primary calendar, at 3%.
Turnout key in midterms
The poll's release comes with 100 days to go until November's elections. And the biggest question surrounding this year's midterms is how many people will turn out to vote.
The answer is crucial, because a smaller, more typical midterm electorate should favor the Republican Party. That's because single women, and younger and minority voters, who are big supporters of Democrats in presidential election years, tend to cast ballots in smaller numbers in the midterms.
That's the problem facing Democrats this November, as they try to hold onto their 55-45 majority in the Senate (53 Democrats and two independents who caucus with the party). The party is defending 21 of the 36 seats up this year, with half of those Democratic-held seats in red or purple states. In the House, the Democrats need to pick up an extremely challenging 17 Republican held seats to win back the majority from the GOP.
The new CNN poll illustrates the turnout problem for the Democrats.
In the generic ballot question, the Democrats have a four percentage point 48%-44% edge over the Republicans among registered voters. The generic ballot asks respondents to choose between a Democrat or Republican in their congressional district without identifying the candidates.
But when looking only at those who say they voted in the 2010 midterms – when the GOP won back the House thanks to a historic 63-seat pick up and narrowed the Democrats' control of the Senate – Republicans hold a two-point 48%-46% margin.
The poll was conducted for CNN by ORC International from July 18-20, with 1,012 adult Americans questioned by telephone. The survey's overall sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points.
Filed under: 2014 • 2016 • CNN Polls • CNN/ORC International poll • CNN/ORC poll • Hillary Clinton • Mitt Romney • President Obama
ABarker
Excuses, lies, distraction...
Thought I was talking about obama? Well, true, he's all that too but I'm actually talking about many of the respondents on here. Lets see – the poll only called people with land lines which must be old white people, if the republicans hadn't gotten in obama's way, if, if, if.... Personal responsibility seems to have fallen off the face of the country.
Sad y'all.
July 27, 2014 07:10 pm at 7:10 pm |
mbaron1949
2014 is not 2012.
2016: Mitt vs. Hillary?
2024: Rubio vs. Michelle O?
How was the poll made?
Romney won't be the nominee. I think we are wishing for a man with some integrity and leadership, though. Had about enough of the pothead adolescent in the White House....poll reflects we have had enough.
Will you people ever learn to think outside the Obama fabricated bubble? You can't keep taxing the rich and corporations without driving them elsewhere. When the rich are taxed to death it ultimately drives many corporations abroad and it is the middle class and poor who really do pay the price. I am not saying the elitists are right, I am just saying that that is how it works. Romney for all his perceived faults is far more experienced and aggressive for these troubled global times. I am not saying we should go to war, we've all had it with that but America needs to show strength and let the world know we are on the job, not asleep at the switch like Obama is..............
Roger Greenberg
I dont trust any poll such as these. Most Americans cant find Iraq or Ukraine on a map. The American public is fickle and lets face pretty stupid. Im to trust these polls? Its like asking a bunch of preaschoolers questions LOL
ANNIER
That's a no-brainer! He alienated the working backbone of this country with his "47%" remark. There is no way whatsoever he and his simpering twit of a wife identify in any way with any average Joe in this country; plus his magic underwear beliefs make him a subject of derision.
Hilarious, the "lack of leadership" comment above. The POTUS inherited a bankrupt country, and in my estimation has done a valiant job in stopping the USA going RIGHT over the edge! He will never be given credit for ANYTHING, because the right is bound and determined to vilify him at every opportunity. Why he wanted to be the first black POTUS of the USA will FOREVER be a mystery to me!
amazing....you all forget that mittens said during vietnam he got daddy to get him a deferment so he could ride his bike through the paris country side, nor has any of mittens sons ever served in the military,,,,,so when push comes to shove and the e/u says go pound sand to sanctions what would mitt do??? zero,,,,i believe bush sr said it best about all flip floppers...they wet their finger to see which way the wind is blowing and they still dont know what to do....america doesnt need mittens
Sad it took America's this long to realize they made a colossal mistake.
caseyhd
Is this the same poll that said Romney was going to win in 2012? It's truly a worthless poll to begin with. Firstly Romney would have been a terrible POTUS. Since no one has heard him for a while he does not get the 24 hr a day attacks like Obama gets from Fox.
Sooo – wasn't he supposed to win by a landslide in 2012? So much, in fact, that he didn't bother with a concession speech.
ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha
I think we'd all be a little sick of our return to Iraq, presence in Syria and impending entrance into Gaza if Romney were actually President at this time.
The conservative vote is split though among about 8 candidates, and as those candidates drop out conservative voters will eventually rally around one candidate.
Christie is at 12% but he's a moderate, whose other voters could he get? Jeb Bush's? that's only another 10%, that's not enough to win the primary.
Carolle
And if Romney had won, the results may show the same "buyer's remorse" with him. It's hard to tell how much further in debt he would have taken this country with more wars, and tax breaks for his rich buddies.
Nit-Mitt over Obama - not a chance! Actually, the current GOP prospects won't have a chance against Hillary or even PeeWee Herman!
Nonsense! How many decisions that has consequences has Romney made since the election. Every candidate is "perfect" just before they take office. Once they cross the line from theory to practice, they lose their "perfection".
What a pointless exercise in futility Obama isnt running for any office in the future, get over it.
Saddlin Up
All this proves is that liberals haven't learned their lesson.
Didn't "the Polls" show Romney besting President Obama the night of the last 2012 presidential election?
What do "Political Polls" matching President Obama against Mitt Romney matter anyway, CNN...since neither will be running in the upcoming 2016 presidential election.
Liberals are afraid and they keep on hoping in empty promises. Come Fall 2014 and in 2016 Liberals will fall
kzooresident
A poll showing Romney beating Obama with (assuming) the same participants preferring Clinton over Romney is suspect at best.
Obama hasn't created millions of jobs. People quit looking for work and fell off the rolls. The Market is propped up by Federal $$$$$ which is taxpayer money. And then theres gas. Its higher than when Obama took office along with food prices and power bills. More people on EBT than ever in this country. Doesn't look like things are so rosey in Obama Land unless your one on the dole and getting the freebies. Then its a biscuit train on gravy wheels. But if have to work for a living then its been a h##lahish 6 years.;
R Owen
A ridicules poll and irrelevant.
A lot of people in the GOP are sore at Rick Santorum, because they think his persistent attempts to beat Romney in 2012 weakened Romney for the general election. But the truth is, Rick Santorum represents the core beliefs and sentiments of the Republican Party, especially when compared to Romney who essentially invented Obamacare.
This just goes to show that the majority of people are simply ignorant beyond comprehension. CNN is really becoming like Fox News just reporting more and more idiocy.
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Jay Hoskins Exhibit at NUPOC Gallery: The World of Wood
Where: 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1100, Chicago, IL 60611
Contact: R. J. Garrick, PhD 312.503.5700
Group: Northwestern University Prosthetics-Orthotics Program (NUPOC)
Category: Fine Arts
At NUPOC, science, technology and art intersect. In recognition of the artistry that is vital to prosthetics and orthotics, NUPOC is delighted to announce the installation of The World of Wood, an exhibit of hand-crafted furniture and objects d'art by Jay Hoskins. Simultaneously functional and decorative, each of the 15 pieces radiate an organic warmth.
A hybrid woodworker, Hoskins uses table saws and jointers to prepare the lumber to size; and he uses planes and chisels to join and finish his pieces. For contrast, he uses multiple wood species and incorporates them into hand-worked veneers. Hoskins' work is influenced by the designs of Frank Lloyd Wright and David J. Marks. Visually and tactilely engaging, Hoskins' elegant works appeal to both modern and traditional sensibilities.
Hoskins learned carpentry from his father and together they built houses in northern Illinois communities. With income from his carpentry, Hoskins paid his way through college, and subsequently launched a successful career in industrial automation and computer technology. Throughout four decades of a high-paced professional life in technology, woodworking grew increasingly significant, offering a hands-on, unhurried contrast to the digital world.
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Quiz: Which ABBA Song Describes Your Love Life?: HowStuffWorks
Which ABBA Song Describes Your Love Life?
Ian Fortey
Image: ABBA
Did you know that ABBA has sold more than 63 million records worldwide, and potentially as many as 150 million? That's in the same range as acts like Lady Gaga, Maroon 5, Adele, U2 or Mariah Carey. That's a whole heck of a lot of albums. But it does make sense when you think about the fact that a Swedish disco band from the '70s could have such amazing success, because look at what they do. Even if you don't take into account the success of the films and musical versions of "Mamma Mia" there's the music itself. How can you not feel good when an ABBA song comes on? That was the whole point of ABBA. The music didn't need to be super complex or display incredible guitar riffs with blistering solos. It was just upbeat and peppy and easy to sing along with or dance to. It was disco music. It was fun. And if music isn't fun on some level it's doing something wrong. Luckily for ABBA, that was never an issue. Their music could be applied to just about any situation imaginable. Including your love life!
If you're a true ABBA fan, then you have to know there's at least one song by them that can really describe your love life. Time to find out which one! Take our quiz and see!
Generally speaking, are you pretty satisfied with your love life right now or not?
I could use some more fun.
Mostly, yeah
For the most part, yeah
ABBA aside, what was the best disco band of all time?
When you meet someone new, do you like to take things slow or do you rush into it?
The faster the better
Depends on the situation
I'm happy to go slow.
I'll take whatever I can get.
So, are you in a committed relationship right now or are you playing the field?
I'm a player alright.
It's hard to explain.
Neither, really
Do you feel like you have a "type" that you're more attracted to than others?
I like adventurous people.
I like intelligent people.
I like strong people.
Anyone breathing
Ever hook up with someone you met on a dating app like Tinder?
A few times
Haven't needed to
I tried, it but didn't like it much.
No luck so far
Are you the kind of person who's into romantic gestures like flowers, gifts for no reason or romantic dinners?
I do like to be spontaneous.
I've done stuff like that before.
Have you ever kissed a person without even knowing their name?
Maybe in the past
Maybe not a last name
Are you more into flings or are you looking for along term relationship?
Fling fling fling!
Long term would be ideal.
I'm in no rush to be in a relationship.
I'm happy with anything.
What's going to stop a night of sexy fun dead in its tracks for you?
Bad B.O.
Someone who's being rude.
Someone who keeps checking their phone
Someone who's too controlling
How many times do you feel like you've legitimately been in love?
I fall in love every other day.
Two or three times
I guess maybe never.
How many serious relationships have you been in so far?
It's been a good number.
Four or five
Two or three
Have you ever been cheated on?
A couple of times
Not that I can prove
Have you ever gone to a club just to find someone to hook up with?
Not in years
I've tried.
Is PDA ever an acceptable thing?
Within reason
I guess that depends on how much A and where the P is.
When it comes to dating, which of these sounds the most enjoyable to you?
Dinner and drinks
An amusement park
Do you believe that opposites attract?
I'm attracted to anyone.
What's the most underrated ABBA song out there?
"The Name of the Game"
"Angel Eyes"
"Rock Me"
"Lovelight"
Is it ever cool to date your best friend's ex?
Maybe you could hook up in secret.
That seems shady.
How do you feel about a long-distance relationship?
I've had a few.
Too much stress
They never last.
I'm down!
If your partner came to you and suggested an open relationship where you could see other people, how would you respond?
That sounds awesome.
Not a chance
We'd have to talk about it.
I think I could be OK with that.
Do you have any issues with jealousy?
Maybe a little
Yeah, I can't help it.
Do you put any stock in what your horoscope says about your love life?
I've never even read a horoscope.
I read them but they don't seem to be very accurate.
Would you ever get the name of someone you loved tattooed on your body?
I already have!
Seems a little risky
I'd do it for sure.
What's the best gift to get for that special someone on Valentine's Day?
Something sexy
A romantic getaway
Valentine's Day is overrated.
Roses and chocolate
Do you feel like you always have to be doing something with your partner, or can you just chill together?
I like to keep things interesting.
Sometimes it's cool just to hang out.
You need a good balance.
Are diamonds really a girl's best friend?
Well, they're not a bad idea.
They're a little overrated.
I thought dogs were.
I wouldn't know.
How often do you text the person you love during the day?
Not that much
I guess as much as is necessary.
Which ABBA lines speaks to you the most?
"I feel like I wanna sing when you do your thing"
"Wanna make you feel happy every day of your life"
"Love is a tune you hum-de-hum-hum"
"I never thought I could cry for you"
Love or lust?
Lust!
Either one
What Disney Song Describes Your Love Life?
What Does Your Palm Say About Your Love Life?
Are You Dating Your Soulmate From a Past Life?
Do I Love Her?
Do You Love More Like a Millennial or a Gen Xer?
Do I Love Him?
The Love Test
Quiz: Which Movie Title Accurately Describes Your Love Life?
We'll Guess Your Love Life Three Years From Now
If Your Love Was a Flower What Would It Be?
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ES2314989T3 - Surgical system for radioscopic location with extended catographic volume. - Google Patents
Surgical system for radioscopic location with extended catographic volume. Download PDF
ES2314989T3
ES2314989T3 ES98900984T ES98900984T ES2314989T3 ES 2314989 T3 ES2314989 T3 ES 2314989T3 ES 98900984 T ES98900984 T ES 98900984T ES 98900984 T ES98900984 T ES 98900984T ES 2314989 T3 ES2314989 T3 ES 2314989T3
preferably
ES98900984T
Shlomo Ben Haim
Assaf Govari
Zeev Weinfeld
Biosense Webster Inc
1997-02-14 Priority to PCT/US1997/002440 priority Critical patent/WO1997029683A1/en
1997-02-14 Priority to WOPCT/US97/02440 priority
1997-03-31 Priority to US4287397P priority
1997-03-31 Priority to US42873P priority
1998-01-22 Application filed by Biosense Webster Inc filed Critical Biosense Webster Inc
2009-03-16 Publication of ES2314989T3 publication Critical patent/ES2314989T3/en
A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
A61B2034/107—Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
A61B2034/2051—Electromagnetic tracking systems
A61B2034/2063—Acoustic tracking systems, e.g. using ultrasound
A61B2034/2072—Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient
A61B2090/363—Use of fiducial points
A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
A61B2090/376—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using X-rays, e.g. fluoroscopy
A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
A61B2090/397—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave
A61B2090/3975—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave active
A61B34/25—User interfaces for surgical systems
A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
A61B90/11—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
A system (150, 200) for determining the disposition of an object located within the body of a patient (32) comprising: a position sensor (142), for coupling with the object (36); a plurality of reference sensors (126), for attachment to the body; characterized in that it also comprises a mobile field transducer (132), to transmit fields to or receive fields from the position sensor (142) and the reference sensors (126); and a processor (248), for the selection of at least one of the reference sensors (126) in proximity to the object (36) and for the determination of the coordinates of the sensor (142) of the position with respect to the reference sensor selected (142), with respect to the selected reference sensor (126), regardless of the movement of the field transducer (132) with respect to the patient (32).
Surgical system of location by Radioscopic with expanded cathographic volume.
The present invention generally relates to field of contactless object location systems, and specifically to monitor the position of medical probes.
In recent years, surgical techniques minimally invasive procedures have become preferred to carry out many procedures that previously They developed with an open incision. The adoption of these minimally invasive techniques has been accompanied by the development of visualization procedures of a surgical instrument that is manipulated inside the body. Although endoscopes offer a Preferred display mode in some surgical areas, are unsuitable for use in many procedures, such as in neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures, in which, certain instruments must be inserted and manipulated with a great delicacy within narrow spaces with visibility poor optics In spine surgery, for example, and in particular, in certain treatments of Invertebral discs, a thin hollow needle should be inserted close from the center of the intervertebral space, so that you can aspirate the fluid disc without touching the spinal cord, the spinal nerves and blood vessels located in the vicinity.
In neurosurgery, before carrying out the surgical intervention, a three-dimensional image of the head of the patient, preferably using a system of Production of images by computerized angular tomography (CAT). The image is used by the surgeon, as is known in the technique, in the planning of the procedure and, preferably, in establishing a three-dimensional frame of reference for the operation, fixed with respect to the patient's anatomy. During the surgical intervention itself, when the surgeon insert or manipulate a surgical instrument, its position is tracked in relation to the frame of reference. A frame Stereotactic can be fixed to the patient's skin or bones, to be used in the monitoring and guidance of the position of the needle.
Various techniques are used in the art procedures to track the position of a surgical instrument with respect to the anatomy of a patient. For example, the Oberdorf Medivision Advanced Support Systems, Switzerland, offer a system for spine surgery spine that includes an optical position sensor attached to a surgical instrument and a reference element that incorporates three optical fiducial marks, in a spatial relationship fixed default. The reference element is fixed to the the patient's back in a known position, using a camera to track the displacement of the instrument with respect to the reference element.
PCT Patent Publication WO 96/08209, describes an image production and tracking system for the position for use in medical applications, which uses a reference frame fixed to the patient's head. The system controls the position of a surgical instrument with respect to the frame of reference, using a mobile sensor, such as a sensor of the electromagnetic field, of a type known in the technique, fixed to the instrument. The pre-registered images of The patient's body, usually CT images of the head of the patient, are represented in response to the controlled position of the instrument with respect to the body. The position of the instrument It is registered on the pre-registered images.
Preferably, before the intervention surgical, the frame is fixed to the patient's head, obtaining a set of TAC images. These images are used to record the coordinates of the frame position, including the coordinates of a reference position sensor located in the framework, in relation to the patient's anatomy. Then, during surgery, the output of the signals using the mobile and reference position sensors are controlled to track the coordinates of the sensors The coordinates of the mobile sensor with respect to the reference are used to record the position of the instrument with respect to the patient's anatomy, for example using CT images previously obtained.
Similarly, US Pat. 5,383,454, describes an image production system and Follow-up for use in neurosurgery. Before the intervention surgical, ultrasonic emitters are fixed to a plurality of reference points located on the patient's head, and a set of CT images of the head are emitted showing the positions of the reference points. Similar issuers are fixed to a surgical probe for insertion into the head. During the surgical intervention, a structure of microphones located in the operating room receive ultrasonic signals issued by the emitters located above the patient's head and on the probe These signals are used to determine the position and orientation of the probe with respect to the points of reference. Position and orientation information is used to display an image of the probe superimposed on the images TAC pre-registered.
Position determination procedures They are also described, for example, in US Pat. 5,558,091, 5,391,199, 5,443,489 and 5,377,678. The systems of position determination generally use a device extracorporeal to place a sensor attached to the instrument surgical. The extracorporeal apparatus includes one or more field transducers, as a rule some radiators or receptors, located above and / or around the patient, the which transmit some fields to and / or receive fields from the sensor. Each radiator or receiver has a "volume of characteristic "detection in which the fields have the enough intensity to generate a signal enough intense in combination with the sensor, so that you can determine the location of the surgical instrument until the level of precision that is intended.
The size of the detection volume depends on general size of radiators or receivers. In some types of surgery, such as in back surgery, the size of the detection volume may cause limitations when surgical intervention If large radiators are used, they can interfere with the movements of the surgeon or another medical staff member. Small radiators, which do not occupy a lot of space, they may not have a detection volume what sufficiently broad and / or may have a low resolution.
Although the position of the detection system can be used to align the position of the instrument with the images previously acquired by CT or NMR, in accordance with the foregoing, surgeons are generally reluctant to rely on pre-registered images. In addition to the use of a reference frame or reference points and position sensors to track a surgical instrument, as described in the aforementioned PCT publication and, for example, in US Pat. 5,383,454, as a rule, the production of fluoroscopic radioscopic images is used to verify that the instrument is effectively in the position indicated by the position sensors. This verification is needed, inter alia , to ensure that the frame has not been displaced with respect to the patient's anatomy and that the position readings from the position sensors have not moved. An error in the angle and depth of the instrument can obviously have disastrous consequences.
Typically image production is used fluoroscopic radioscopic, in which two radioscopic images perpendicular are formed simultaneously, an image anteroposterior (from top to bottom) and the other one lateral image (from side to side). The biplanar fluoroscope is without However, expensive, and must be substantially actuated continues to control the position of the surgical instrument, what which results in highly radiation doses to the patient undesirable, as well as towards the operating room staff. Likewise, Fluoroscopic images obtained during the operation are not record with the previously obtained TAC images or with the coordinates of the reference position sensor, so that no there is a practical way to recalibrate sensor readings of the position if they turn out to be wrong.
U.S. Patents 5,265,610 and 5,577,502 propose the performance of medical procedures traumatic during which periodically some are obtained radioscopic images to offer information to the surgeon about the three-dimensional location of a penetrating instrument. With the In order to minimize X-ray doses to the patient, use RF transmitters and receivers to receive positional information on the penetrating instrument. The positional information from RF transmitters is used to superimpose the position of the instrument on the radioscopic images. You can also track the patient movement and adjust the image representation in the corresponding way. So, it keeps the images radioscopic can be updated less frequently than conventional radioscopic follow-up tests.
It is an objective of some aspects of the present invention provide devices for use in performing a radioscopic guide surgery with improved precision and comfort.
It constitutes an additional object of some aspects of the present invention provide devices of utility in reducing the dosage of radiation to a patient during said surgical intervention.
It constitutes an additional objective of some aspects of the present invention provide some devices to record the readings of the coordinates received from a coordinate detection device with an image radioscopic in the course of a surgical procedure.
It is an objective of some aspects of the present invention provide an apparatus for effecting the follow-up of a medical probe housed inside a patient using small field transducers, such as magnetic field radiators that substantially do not obstruct patient access
It constitutes an additional objective of some aspects of the present invention provide an apparatus for track a medical probe located inside a patient using a small field transducers while maintaining a high signal to noise ratio.
It is an objective of some aspects of the present invention enable tracking of located objects within a patient over an enlarged area, while maintaining High tracking accuracy.
In one aspect of the present invention, the surgical intervention can be guided using an image single-plane radioscopic, without loss of information from the three-dimensional position
In a further aspect of the present invention, the devices are arranged for use in surgery of the column, and in particular, to guide a needle through space intervertebral
It is disclosed, but not claimed, a procedure in which a surgeon guides a surgical instrument located inside a patient's body by visualization of an image indicative of the position and orientation of the instrument, superimposed on and aligned with one or more images fluoroscopic body. Fluoroscopic images are captured as required during surgery, preferably using a single plane fluoroscope, of low cost. The fluoroscope is preferably rotated around the patient to capture and represent multiple images from different angles, images on which it is recorded simultaneously the position and orientation of the instrument. I dont know requires an expensive biplanar fluoroscope, with the usual doses high radiation Fluoroscopic images are captured and updated in real time, in the operating room, unlike images taken by TAC, which should typically be captured in advance, as described in the PCT publication previously mentioned WO 96/08209 and in US Pat. 5,383,454.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a surgical system comprises a rigid elongated instrument, such as a needle, which has a pointed distal end for insertion into the body of a patient, and a reference element, which must be placed in body contact The instrument includes a device coordinate detection, preferably adjacent to the end proximal of the instrument. The reference element thus includes same a coordinate detection device, preferably similar to the instrument, and at least three brands fioscial radioscopic, in known positions with respect to detection device located on the element. Brands fiducials are located to fully define the position and the orientation of the element, and thereby of the detection device located on it, in the radioscopic images of it.
Preferably each of the devices of coordinate detection located in the instruments and within of the reference element comprises one or more coils, which generate electrical signals in response to a magnetic field applied externally generated by one or more radiators, by example, as described in US Patent No. 5,391,199. More preferably, each of the devices of detection comprises a plurality of field sensitive coils magnetic, as described in the Patent Publication PCT No. WO 96/05768.
A biopsy needle to which said is attached position sensing device is described in the Patent application PCT / IL97 / 00058. The signals generated by the coils are processed, preferably, to determine the position coordinates and orientation in six dimensions both of the instrument as of the reference element with respect to the reference frame based on a common set of radiators magnetic field, preferably coils, located in proximity to patient body
As an alternative, it can be used for stated purpose any appropriate type of device coordinate detection, including sensors, known in the technique, based on mechanical, electromagnetic principles, ultrasonic, and optical. In particular, some Sensors sensitive to a DC magnetic field, according to the described in US Patent 5,558,091.
In the context of this request for patent, the term "device for detecting coordinates "means that designates any appropriate sensor that generates signals sensitive to its position and / or orientation, signals which are processed to determine the coordinates of an object at which sensor is fixed It should also be understood that, although certain forms of preferred embodiments with reference to the devices of the position of the coordinates that provide information on both the position as of the orientation, the principles of the present invention can also be applied using applications appropriate detection device that provide only position information or only information from the orientation. Likewise, although they are described herein certain preferred embodiments with reference to sensors located on the instrument and fixed to the patient, the which measure the fields from the radiators adjacent to the body, the principles of the present invention can also be applied by placing field emitters on the instrument and the patient and using receivers located in position adjacent to the body to receive the emitted fields.
In certain embodiments preferred, the reference element is placed in contact with the patient's skin, adjacent to the area of the body inside from which the instrument is inserted, and is held in position preferably by tweezers or glue. The position and orientation of the element with respect to the characteristics relevant anatomical body of the patient, are established by obtaining one or more radioscopic images in one or flatter, and then determining the coordinates of the fiducial marks on the element of the one or more images. Should it should be noted that, since the relative positions of the brands fiducials located on the item are predetermined and are known, the coordinates of the lines even in a single plane of the images are sufficient to determine the scale of the radioscopic image and the six dimensions of the position and orientation of the element with respect to the patient's body.
Preferably, the images are introduced on an image processing computer of any kind appropriate known in the art, which analyzes the images for Identify and determine the positions of the lines. The computer below finds the image scale and the position and orientation of the element.
Also preferably, two images Fluoroscopic are obtained in two respective planes, generically perpendicular, to verify the determination of the coordinates. Alternatively or additionally, an image or TAC set of images can be obtained for the purpose indicated.
The coordinates of fiducial marks as well certain are used to find the coordinates of the six-dimensional position and orientation based on images of the detection device located on the element, based on the known position of the detection device based on the marks. These coordinates based on the image of the detection device are compared with coordinates based on signals of six dimensions, determined from the signals generated by the detection device itself, in accordance with previously described, to register a system based on the coordinates, associated with the detection system of coordinates with an image-based coordinate system, associated with radioscopic images. Preferably, the computer shows the position of the element and the device located on it in one or more of the images.
Also preferably, the computer compares the distance between the positions of the fiducial marks of the radioscopic images with respect to known distances, real, between the marks and determines an image scale factor based on the comparison.
As an alternative or additionally, a coordinate detection device can also be arranged on a fluoroscopic chamber that is used to obtain the radioscopic images, in addition to the detection devices of the coordinates located on the reference element and the surgical instrument, in accordance with the previously described. The signals from the detection device located above The camera can be used to determine the scale factor of the images, as well as to identify the viewing angle of the images. The coordinate detection system located above the camera can ignore the need for devices coordinate detection located above the reference element and about the surgical instrument to offer its coordinates both of position and orientation.
When the instrument is entered in the field surgical, its position coordinates and orientation are determined using the signals generated by the device detection located on it. Preferably, they are determined three three-dimensional coordinates of the position and two coordinates of elevation and of the angular azimuth of two dimensions of instrument. (As a general rule, it is not necessary to know the angle of bearing of the instrument, that is, the rotation around its axis). Alternatively, three can be determined and used three-dimensional coordinates of the position of the sensors in two points along the length of the instrument to determine the position and orientation of the instrument.
The coordinates of the instrument, determined from this way, they match exactly with the images radioscopic by reference to the calibrated readings of the coordinates by means of the detection device located on the reference element. The coordinates of the element are a then used to determine the position of the tip distal of the instrument with respect to the patient's anatomy in base to radioscopic images. Preferably, the coordinates and known dimensions of the instrument are used by the computer to generate a scale image of the instrument and properly oriented, superimposed on one or more of the radioscopic images.
During the surgical intervention when advances the instrument inside the patient's body, the signals generated by the detection device located above the instrument are used to track the instrument coordinates and, preferably, to update, of accordingly, the representation that shows the image of the instrument. Preferably, a new radioscopic image is gets from time to time, and the image is processed to find the coordinates of fiducial marks on the element of Reference of the new image. More preferably, said new image must be obtained and processed when the coordinates of the position and orientation of the element derived from the sensor is observed that change, or at any other appropriate time determined by A user of the system. The coordinates of the marks of the new image are compared with the coordinates above determined. If it turns out that the coordinates of the lines have changed, the coordinates of the position and orientation of the element derived from the sensor and the instrument are again matched with the new image, using the procedure above described This procedure is used to correct any translational or rotational movement produced within the system surgical as well as with respect to any change of scale of the Radioscopic image obtained and represented.
In some preferred embodiments, the radioscopic images obtained immediately before and / or during a surgical procedure they match the CT images of the patient's body previously obtained. Before of obtaining the TAC images, the reference element is fixed to the patient's body in a desired position, according to the above, so that fiducial marks placed on the element appear in the TAC images. He reference element remains fixed to the body in this position during the surgical procedure. The coordinates derived from fiducial mark images of radioscopic images are compared with the corresponding coordinates derived from the images of the TAC images, in order to register the images radioscopic and CAT.
Preferably, based on this record of images, TAC images are rotated and / or scaled, of according to known techniques, to align the CT images with Radioscopic images. Likewise, the information of the three-dimensional, rotated and / or scaled CT images of the Exposed form, can be projected onto the image plane radioscopic and superimposed on the radioscopic image or represented throughout it. Additionally or as an alternative, the coordinates of the instrument and / or an image of the instrument can be represented on an image by appropriate TAC.
In some preferred embodiments, the instrument is attached on an adjustable guide that aligns the shaft length of the instrument with a desired linear path of Penetration into the patient's body. For example, within One of the intervertebral spaces. The guide, according to known techniques, allows the instrument to be advanced only along this linear path, although the trajectory can be adjusted if necessary. The procedures previously described to determine and record the coordinates of the position and orientation of the instrument are used in the Guide adjustment with respect to the desired trajectory.
In other preferred embodiments, the desired linear penetration path is marked by the user with reference to the one or more radioscopic images, for example, by entering the coordinates of points along the path. Preferably, the computer mark the path on the image, and show the position of the instrument with respect to the trajectory. Also preferably, the computer emits an alarm if the instrument deviates from the trajectory in more than one predetermined tolerance and / or presents a visual signal to indicate the correct direction in which the instrument must be displaced.
It should be appreciated that the embodiments Preferred previously described allow a surgeon insert and manipulate an instrument inside a patient's body under the visual guidance of a radioscopic image of the body that includes an accurate, continuously updated representation of the instrument. The radioscopic image is obtained during surgical intervention and can be updated at will. In procedures known in the art, on the contrary, the guide visual is provided, if provided, using Radioscopic or CT images previously obtained. These images cannot show the changes that occur within the patient body Also, if the registration or the change of scale adequate of the previously acquired images is disturbed, for example, by mechanical misalignment of system elements, the procedure must as a rule be interrupted in order to proceed to recalibration.
Likewise, the procedures disclosed may be implemented using fluoroscopic equipment ordinary that already exists in many operating rooms. The image and the instrument coordinates are updated, according to previously described, with minimal interference with the surgical procedure, and with other existing equipment in the operating room, and with a minimum radiation dose to the patient. The The present invention also enables the surgeon to visualize the images of the patient's anatomy and the instrument that is being inserted in two planes of images perpendicular to each other. In accordance with the procedures known in the art, normally they should be used for the indicated purpose Biplanar special fluoroscopes, which are bulky, expensive and that expose the patient to higher radiation doses.
According to another aspect disclosed, but not claimed, the surgical intervention is carried out using one or more miniature magnetic field transducers, preferably radiators, which are susceptible to displacement with respect to the patient. These radiators in Miniature in general does not interfere with the surgeon's actions, and can be displaced during the surgical intervention of the positions that interfere with the surgeon, without disturbing the position determination.
In patent application PCT / US97 / 02440, the which is transferred to the assignee of the present application and corresponds to your priority document, a radiator that includes one or more miniature field transducers, is located in the immediate surroundings of a patient. The radiator is small and does not obstruct substantially a surgeon's access to the patient's body. However, the radiator has a small detection volume Due to the miniature size of the transducers. Therefore, Document PCT / US97 / 02440 proposes the use of a radiator removable that can be relocated during the intervention surgical One or more reference elements are fixed to the body of the patient. Reference elements are used per rule general to align the position of an instrument or probe Surgical with the body. Likewise, when the radiator is displaced, the reference elements are necessary in order to set the position of the radiator with respect to the box reference of the patient's body.
In some preferred embodiments disclosed, but not claimed, the application procedure PCT mentioned above, PCT / US97 / 02440 is improved for enable more precise, fast and flexible use of radiators transducers A plurality of reference elements, preferably coupled with fiducial marks, they are placed on The patient's body. The reference elements include some miniature coordinate detection devices, in relationship with the above described. Fiducial marks enable the positions of the reference elements to be displayed on images taken from the body, according to what previously described, including both images obtained by CT before the surgical procedure as radioscopic images fluoroscopic obtained during the procedure. The elements of reference are placed on the body with a sufficient density so that, for each desired position of the radiator with respect to the body, at least one of the reference elements is located within the detection volume of the radiator.
Preferably, the reference elements and fiducial marks are placed on a belt, which extends throughout the patient's body. Preferably, the fiducial marks are mounted on the reference elements or are located at fixed points with respect to the elements of reference, so it is easy to register the elements of reference on body images.
Alternatively or additionally, the belt It has sufficient rigidity to maintain a substantially shaped fixed when placed on the body, and the elements of Reference are fixed at fixed points with respect to the belt. Three or more fiducial marks are attached to the belt. Three or more fiducial marks are attached to the belt in appropriate positions to record the reference elements on an image taken of the body and the reference elements.
During the surgical intervention, the Radiators and / or the patient are displaced as required. Every Once the position of the surgical instrument is determined, the position of at least one reference element is also determines, to record the position of the instrument within a reference frame fixed on the body, by comparison of determining the position of the instrument with that of the reference elements Due to the speed speed of the position determination, position tracking continues substantially uninterrupted even when the Radiator is in motion.
Preferably, each time the radiators or the patient are displaced, and / or periodically, independently of the movements of the radiator, the signals coming from all the reference elements are compared to find the element that offers the most intense signal. The position of this reference item is determined and used to record the Instrument position during position tracking. Preferably, the position of the instrument derived from this way is used to register an image of the instrument, either on a fluoroscopic radioscopic image, according to what previously described, or on an image previously obtained, such as taken by scanning by a CT scan or an NMR
In some preferred embodiments disclosed, but not claimed, the detection volumes of the radiators are indicated on the images of the body or of any other appropriate way. Preferably, the volume of Detection of each radiator is indicated separately. For example, Each detection volume can be indicated by a color different, which is also preferably marked on the respective radiator itself. Preferably, the indication of Detection volume of each radiator is updated every time The radiator is displaced. Also preferably, the surgeon You can set a desired resolution level, and the volume of detection is determined accordingly and indicated on the images.
Preferably, before the intervention surgical, the position determination system is calibrated by sequential determination of the positions of the reference elements with respect to the body. Preferably, it get an image of the body that includes the elements of reference fixed to the body, for example, by production of CT, NMR or radioscopically images, and the positions of the Reference elements are registered on the image.
It should be noted that, although this Report describes certain embodiments disclosed preferred with reference to certain types of procedures surgical, for example, the treatment of discs intervertebral, the principles can also be applied to other procedures, such as other procedures Orthopedic and neurosurgical. A report is disclosed herein procedure for radioscopic guide surgery, which includes: the placement of a reference element, to which a device for detecting the reference coordinates, on the a patient's body, obtaining a radioscopic image of a body, including the element, during the intervention surgical image processing to determine the coordinates based on the image of the detection device reference coordinates, reception and processing of signals from the coordinate detection device reference to determine their coordinates based on the signals, and the registration of coordinates based on the image and based on the signals to determine a transformation of coordinates between them.
Preferably, the coordinate register to determine a coordinate transformation, include the Determination of an image scale factor.
The disclosed procedure includes the determination of the coordinates of a radioscopic camera used to obtain the radioscopic image, in which the Image scale factor determination includes comparison of camera coordinates with device coordinates of detection of the reference coordinates.
Preferably, the procedure includes the determination of a viewing angle of the camera with respect to the body, based on camera coordinates.
Preferably, the reception and processing of the signals from the device for detecting the reference coordinates to determine their coordinates based on the signals include determining the coordinates of the orientation and position in six dimensions.
Preferably, the procedure includes the approach of a surgical instrument, to which a device for detecting the coordinates of the instrument, in the immediate patient body, reception and processing of the signals from the device for detecting the instrument coordinates to determine their coordinates based to its signals, and the determination of the coordinates based on the image of the instrument by applying the transformation coordinates to coordinates based on device signals of instrument coordinate detection.
Preferably, the procedure includes the representation of the image and registration of a representation of the instrument located on it using the coordinates of the Image based instrument.
Preferably, obtaining the image Radioscopic includes obtaining a plurality of images from different viewing angles with respect to the body, and in the that the representation of the image and the record of the representation of the instrument included in that includes the registration of a representation of the instrument properly oriented in at least two of the plurality of images.
Preferably, the procedure includes the designation of coordinates based on the image of a point existing within the body chosen as the target, and the determination and representation of a linear path along from which the instrument is advanced to reach the point chosen as objective.
Preferably, the procedure includes the designation of coordinates based on the image of a point chosen as the target within the body and determination of a linear path along which it is advanced to the point chosen as objective.
Preferably, the procedure includes the advancement of the instrument inside the body and the comparison of coordinates of the instrument with the linear path to detect a deviation of the instrument from the trajectory.
Preferably, the procedure includes the provision of an indication for a user of the instrument when the detected deviation exceeds a predetermined tolerance.
Preferably, the provision of the indication the user includes the issuance of an alarm
Preferably, the procedure includes the linear path correction in response to deviation.
Preferably the reception and processing of the signals from the detection devices of the Instrument and reference coordinates, includes reception and processing of the signals generated by the devices in response to a common magnetic field.
Preferably, image processing to determine the coordinates based on the image of the sensor the reference-position includes the location of the locations of the image of the fiducial marks located About the reference element.
Preferably, obtaining the image radioscopic includes obtaining a sequence of images during surgery, and including the processing of the image to determine the coordinates based on the image the processing at least two images of the sequence to determine the respective coordinates based on the image based to each of the at least two images.
Preferably, the procedure includes the Obtaining a CT image of the body after placement of the reference element on the body, and the alignment of the CT image with the radioscopic image by locating the coordinates of the element of the TAC images and radioscopic
It is also disclosed, but not claimed, a procedure for tracking an object within a body, including fixing a plurality of devices detection of the reference coordinates to the body and at least one device for detecting the coordinates of the object on the object, the record of the positions of the plurality of reference coordinate detection devices within a frame of reference fixed to the body, the selection of at least a device among the plurality of detection devices of the reference coordinates in proximity to the object, and the reception and processing of signals from the at least a device for detecting reference coordinates selected and of the device for detecting the coordinates of the object to determine the coordinates of the object based on the signals and of the reference device selected to register the coordinates of the object with respect to the body.
Preferably, fixing the plurality of reference devices includes the fixation of some devices such that, substantially at each point of an area of interest in or on the body, at least one device is within a predetermined range of action of the point.
Preferably, the reception of the signals includes the reception of signals sensitive to the intensity of a field transmitted by or affecting at least one transducer of field close to the body, and determining the radius of action default according to a detection volume of the field transducer, within which the volume can be determined of the coordinates of the detection devices of the coordinates to a desired degree of precision.
Preferably, the detection volume has an extension substantially less than that of the area of interest.
Preferably, the fixation of a plurality of reference devices includes fixing at least one belt comprising the plurality of detection devices.
Preferably, the fixation of at least one strap includes a substantially strap fixation rigid
Preferably, the selection of at least one of The reference devices include the determination of reference devices that provide registration of object coordinates to a desired degree of accuracy.
Preferably, the reception of the signals includes the reception of signals sensitive to the intensity of a field transmitted by or affecting a field transducer, and the determination of the reference devices that provide the record with the desired degree of forecast includes the measurement of the intensity of the signals received from at least one of the reference devices.
Preferably, the selection of at least one of The reference devices includes the comparison of intensities of the signals received from two or more of the plurality of reference devices.
Preferably, the selection of at least one of the reference devices includes the periodic repetition of the selection stage of at least one of the devices of reference.
Preferably, the reception of the signals includes the transmission and reception of energy fields between the minus one of the devices and a field transducer located in the immediate surroundings of the body
Preferably, the procedure includes the change of a relative arrangement between the field transducer and the body, in which the selection of at least one of the reference devices includes sensitive selection to fields of the relative arrangement between the field transducer and the body.
Preferably, the object includes a surgical instrument.
Preferably, the registration of positions of the plurality of reference devices includes obtaining of an image of the body that includes two or more of the plurality of detection devices of the reference coordinates.
Preferably, the registration of the position includes image processing to determine the coordinates based on the image of two or more of the dispositives.
Preferably, the procedure includes the fixing a plurality of fiducial marks to the body in points fixed with respect to the reference devices.
Preferably, the determination of coordinates based on the image of the reference devices includes the registration of the positions of the devices with regarding the coordinates based on the image of the marks fiducials
Preferably, the reception of the signals It includes the transmission and reception of non-ionizing fields.
Preferably, the procedure includes the representation of a map of some areas that are included within of the detection volume of at least one field transducer.
Preferably, the procedure includes the elaboration of an image of the body and in which the representation The map includes the map overlay on the image.
An additional procedure of tracking and an object within a body that includes the placement of at least one field transducer, which has a volume detection, in the immediate vicinity of the body, the determination of the position of the at least one field transducer, the representation of a map that shows the detection volume of at least one field transducer within a body, and control of the body tracking in response to the map.
Preferably, follow-up control includes the displacement of at least one field transducer sensitive to the map, to maximize the tracking of object.
Preferably, the position determination of the at least one field transducer includes the determination of the position of at least one field transducer with respect to a reference device fixed to the body.
Preferably, the disclosed procedure it includes the elaboration of an image of the body, in which the map representation includes the map overlay on the image.
Preferably, the displacement of at least a transducer includes at least the displacement of a transducer field so that the object is located within the volume of detection.
Preferably, the placement of the at least one field transducer includes the placement of a plurality of field transducers, and the map representation includes the association of each field transducer with an area of the map included in their respective detection volume.
Also as an additional disclosure, which not claimed, a reference sensor belt is provided for recording position information, including a band that can be attached to the patient's body and a plurality of reference sensors mounted on the band.
Preferably, the belt includes a plurality of fiducial marks located in fixed positions with Regarding the reference sensors.
It is arranged, in accordance with this invention, a system for determining the position of a object located inside a patient's body, which includes a position sensor, which is intended for coupling over the object, a plurality of reference sensors, which are intended for attachment to the body, a field transducer removable, which is intended for the transmission of fields to or from the field reception from the position sensor and the reference sensors; and a processor, intended for selection of at least one of the reference sensors located in the Object immediate and coordinate determination of the position sensor with respect to the reference sensor selected, regardless of transducer displacement field with respect to the patient.
Preferably, the processor is adapted periodically to select the at least one reference sensor to enable precise determination of object position with respect to the selected reference sensor.
Preferably, the sensor is adapted to select the at least one reference sensor using the transmission of fields that generate signals in the sensors, and the comparison of sensor signal intensities.
Preferably, the system includes a image production device to produce an image on which the determined coordinates are recorded.
Preferably, the processor is adapted to indicate a detection volume of the field transducer over the picture.
Preferably, the system includes a band which can be fixed to the patient's body, in which the plurality Reference sensors are mounted on the band. Preferably, the field transducer includes a radiator.
Preferably, the field transducer includes a small transducer that does not substantially obstruct the movements of a surgeon.
Preferably, the position sensor and the reference sensors include field sensors magnetic
It is also disclosed, a system for determination of the position of an object located on a body of a patient, which includes a position sensor for your coupling to the object, at least one reference sensor for its body fixation, one or more field transducers that have about respective detection volumes for field transmission towards or receiving fields from the position sensor and the reference sensor, and a processor, which determines the object arrangement and transducer positions of field sensitive to transmitted fields and indicates the volumes of detection of field transducers sensitive to positions.
Preferably, the processor represents a map of detection volumes.
Preferably, the map is superimposed on An image of the body.
It is also disclosed, a surgical device for a radioscopic guide, which includes a reference element, the which is located in contact with the body of a subject, said element comprising a device for detecting the reference coordinates, in a predetermined fixed position on it, a fluoroscope, for the formation of at least one radioscopic image of the body, including the element of reference, and a computer, which receives signals from the reception devices of the reference coordinates and processes the signals to determine their coordinates based on their signals, and that analyzes the image to derive a system of coordinates based on the image and to find a transformation to record the coordinates based on the signals and the system of coordinates based on the image.
Preferably, the reference element includes a plurality of fiducial marks located in positions fixed default on that one, and analyzing the computer the image to find the coordinates of the marks based on the image to derive the coordinate system based on the image.
Preferably, the disclosed apparatus includes a surgical instrument, which has a distal end for its insertion into the body, and that includes a device instrument coordinate detection set to instrument, in which the computer receives the signals coming of the instrument coordinate detection device and apply the transformation to the signals to determine the coordinates based on the image of the surgical instrument.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a screen, activated by the computer, screen on which show at least one radioscopic image with a representation of the instrument superimposed on it, in which the representation is aligns with the image based on the coordinates of the instrument Based on the image.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a frame, which guides the instrument along a predetermined path inside the body, in which the frame is adjusted to respond to instrument coordinate variations Based on the image.
Preferably, the at least one image Radioscopic includes a plurality of radioscopic images, constituted by the fluoroscope from at least two angles different with respect to the body.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a fixed coordinate detection device to the fluoroscope, for the determination of the position of the fluoroscope with respect to the body.
Preferably, at least one of the coordinate detection devices includes a coil, the which generates signals in response to a magnetic field externally applied
Preferably, at least one device of coordinate detection includes a plurality of coils not concentric
Preferably, the apparatus includes one or more magnetic field generators, which apply some fields Magnetic to the coils.
The present invention will be understood in a manner more finished from the subsequent detailed description of its preferred embodiments, taken in combination with the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1A is a schematic side view of a surgical reference element that includes some marks fiducials and a detection device,
Fig. 1B is a schematic view from above. of the element shown in Fig. 1A;
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a surgical system, which includes the element of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a radioscopic image, which includes certain elements of the system of Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a radioscopic image antero-posterior, which includes similarly certain elements of the system of Fig. 2; Y
Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a split screen fluoroscopic video image, illustrating a simultaneous production of dual-plane images,
Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a surgical system, according to an embodiment preferred of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a belt of a reference sensor according to a form of preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a surgical system, according to another embodiment further preferred of the present invention; Y
Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of a radioscopic image that includes certain elements of the system of Fig. 8, according to an embodiment preference of the present invention.
Detailed description of certain embodiments preferred
Reference is made below to Figs. 1A and 1B, which schematically illustrate an element of reference 20, in top and side views, respectively, of according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The element 20 preferably comprises a disk of plastic material 26, which is, as a maximum preference, transparent to both visible light and X-rays. One plurality of fiducial metal marks 22a, 22b and 22c, of according to known techniques, they are embedded inside the disk 26. A position and orientation detection device 24, with an additional fiducial mark 23 above or adjacent to detection device, is embedded or similarly fixed to element 20. Preferably, device 24 is manufactured so that a portion of the device, for example, a coil, as will be described later, can she herself serve as a brand 23. The positions of fiducial marks 22a, 22b, 22c and 23 and of the device 24 located on the element 20, and therefore the distances between each pair of brands and between each brand and the device 24, are predetermined and known.
Preferably, device 24 comprises a plurality of non-concentric sensor coils, according to described in PCT Patent Publication No. WO 96/05768. The coils generate signals in response to a magnetic field externally applied, as will be described later. These signals are processed to determine the coordinates of the position and orientation in six dimensions of the device 24 and by both of the element 20 to which the device is fixed.
As an alternative, device 24 can understand any appropriate type of position sensor known in the art, provided it can be used to determine the six-dimensional coordinates of element 20 with the sufficient accuracy for use in surgery, according to what described below.
As shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, the Element 20 includes three fiducial marks 22a, 22b and 22c, together with the additional mark 23, although any appropriate plurality of brands. Fiducial marks have some individual forms or other characteristics, which differ from each other, so that each of the brands can be easily individualized Preferably, element 20 includes at least three marks, to fully define a coordinate system in which, for example, the marks define the plane X-Y and a scale of origin and distance in that. Also preferably, element 20 has indentations 27 adjacent to each of marks 22 and 23. Indentations 27 they have the precise size to receive the end of an instrument which has a position sensor on it, for example, the needle 36, as will be described below, so that the sensor of the position on the instrument can be calibrated with regarding the calibrations of marks 22 and 23.
Although element 20 is conveniently designed as a disk, as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, Any appropriately shaped element can be used. Preferably element 20 must be shaped and / or fixed easily to a part of a patient's body against which he is going to be placed
Reference is now made to Fig. 2, illustrating the use of element 20 as part of a system 30 for spine surgery, according to one embodiment preference of the present invention. Element 20 is fixed to the back of a patient 32, preferably by gluing the element to the patient's skin The element is located adjacent to a space intervertebral 34 of the patient's back inside which he is going to a needle 36 being inserted, for example, in order to aspirate a broken disc, but not in a position that could interfere with the Needle access to space. Preferably, the needle 36 is retained with a needle guide 38, known in the art, the which enables the point at which the distal end of the needle 36 will penetrate the skin and the angle of its penetration will fix and maintain accurately.
A position and orientation detection device 40, similar to the device 24 located on the element 20 is fixed to the proximal end of the needle 36. Magnetic field generating coils 42 are located on or adjacent to a bed 44 on which it is lying on the patient 32. The field generating coils 42 generate magnetic fields of varying time at different frequencies, under the control of the excitation circuit 46 in accordance with that described in the PCT publication mentioned above. These fields cause the sensor coils of the devices 24 and 40 to generate electrical signals, sensitive to the respective positions and orientations of the devices with respect to the coils 42. These signals are received by a computer 48, which analyzes them to determine the relative coordinates of the orientation and position in six dimensions of the devices 24 and 40, with respect to a common frame of reference, defined by the coils 42 generating
As an alternative, needle 36 may include one or more sensor coils, preferably of the type described in the U.S. Patent No. 5,391,199 mentioned above, fixed along the length of the needle. For example, the needle can have two coils of the type indicated in locations default separated from each other. The signals generated by these sensor coils in response to the magnetic field are analyzed by the computer to determine the coordinates of the position in three dimensions of each of the sensor coils. The coordinates of the position of the two sensor coils are adopted together to determine the coordinates of the position three-dimensional and elevation and dimensional angular azimuth of the needle 36 with respect to the reference frame defined by the 42 field generating coils. As a general rule it is not necessary know the needle bearing angle (rotation around its own axis).
Preferably, computer 48 controls multiple aspects of system 30, including the circuitry of excitation 46, and performs the processing functions of the image, as will be described later. Computer preferably it also receives input from user interface controls 50 and activates a screen 52, and it can be attached to a printer, a disk drive or others appropriate peripheral devices known in the art.
System 30 also includes a fluoroscope 54, of a type known in the art, comprising a tube radioscopic, likewise radiates to patient 32 from one side of his body, and an image intensifier 56 / camera on the side opposite. Any of the multiple existing fluoroscopes can be used for the purpose indicated. Fluoroscope 54 does not it needs to be specially adapted for use within the framework of system 30, except that a video signal or other image signal appropriate is connected to computer 48. The radioscopic tube not shown in Fig. 2, since it is in the forward position with respect to the plane of the figure. Preferably, the tube and the intensifier 56 may be located in any position convenient with respect to patient 32, for example, the tube by below and the screen above the patient, to capture images fluoroscopic from any desired angle. These images are display on screen 52 either one at a time or one split screen or in a multi-screen combination, as will describe later. Optionally, an additional device 55 coordinate detection is attached to fluoroscope 54 and is coupled to computer 48 for determining the distance and / or angle of view of the fluorosocope with respect to to reference element 20 and patient 32.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a lateral fluoroscopic image 60, as shown by the screen 52 after processing by the computer 48. The image 60 includes vertebrae 64 together with reference points 62a, 62b, 62c and 63, which correspond respectively to the marks fiducials 22a, 22b, 22c and 23 located on element 20, whose general position is indicated by a dotted lines that connect points 62a, 62b and 62c. The coordinates are determined two-dimensional points 62a, 62b, 62c and 63 of image 60, using image processing procedures known in the technique, and are used to determine the location and angular orientation of element 20. The relative coordinates of these points are compared with the known positions of the marks 22 located on the element 20 to find a factor of image scale 60 and to locate the coordinates of six dimensions based on the image of the device 24. The device 24 is not shown in Fig. 3, but its coordinates are indicated by means of pseudotridimensional axes 66.
The coordinates based on the image of the device 24 are compared with the coordinates in six device dimensions, as determined by the computer 48 based on magnetic field sensitive signals generated by the device. A coordinate transformation, by example, a transformation matrix, is determined to register the coordinates based on the signals with the coordinates based in the image and to transform the coordinates of a system of coordinates to the other. Normally, element 20 does not move during a surgical procedure, so that the signal - and the image based coordinates - will remain perfectly aligned. The transformation is applied to transform the coordinates based on the signals of the device 40 located above needle 36 (shown in Fig. 2) with image 60. The device coordinates 40 are indicated by axes 68 of the image 60, as shown in Fig. 3. If desired, it can be fixed an additional position sensor directly on the patient 32, to verify, if necessary, that the alignment of the coordinates has not been modified.
Preferably, the computer 48 superimposes on the image 60 a computer generated representation 70 of the needle 36 or, as an alternative, a representation or a cursor mark indicative only of the needle tip. The representation 70 will accurately show the needle 36 within the image 60, since the representation is located, oriented and scaled in the image according to the known coordinate transformation, determined in accordance with the above described. When the needle 36 is advanced inside the intervertebral space 34, the computer 48 continuously receives signals from the device 40 and updates its determination of the coordinates of the device based on the signals. This determination is used to update the representation 70 within the image 60, to show its true position, without the need to effectively obtain additional radioscopic images. However, a surgeon using the system 30 as a rule will occasionally use the fluoroscope 54 to obtain additional images as the needle is inserted, and specifically when the needle tip is approaching an area of potential danger, such as the column
Also preferred, some controls 50 to program a desired path 72, marked by a line of stripes and dots in Fig. 3, that the needle 36 is going to follow through the intervertebral space 34. The path 72 is programmed, for example, by indication to the computer 48 of an entry point 74 and an end point 76 of needle insertion. These data are below. represented in image 60 to contribute to the alignment of the guide 38 with the path, 72 and to track the needle advance 36 along the path. Preferably computer 48 emits an audible alarm if needle 36 deviates of path 72 in more than one predetermined tolerance and / or serves as an indication to the surgeon as to the correctness of the required path Additionally, or as an alternative, if guide 38 is properly automated and connected to the computer 48, the computer can automatically control and adjust the guide to position the needle 36 at an appropriate angle.
Image 60 can be renewed as desired, by obtaining new images by fluoroscope 54. Preferably, after each acquisition, computer 48 repeats the image processing steps described above, in order to re-register the coordinates based on the image and based on the signals of element 20 and needle 36. Image 60 must be renewed, in particular, if the coordinates based on the signals of the device 24 change, for example due to patient movement 32. Similarly, if get a new image from a different viewing angle or with a different scale from the previous image, the coordinates are preferably registered again and transformed.
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a anteroposterior image 80 obtained by fluoroscope 54, after the relevant rotation of the tube and the screen 56 to an approximate angle of 90º around the patient 32 from the position shown in Fig. 2. The image is processed to place points 62a, 62b, 62c and 63 and to represent the respective position and orientation axes 66 and 68 of devices 24 and 40, together with representation 70 of the needle 36, according to the above described. When the needle 36 is observed along one direction generically longitudinal of the image 80, the representation 70 is foreshortened. The surgical operating system 30 may, however, choose any convenient viewing angle, including views oblique.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the double screen representation 90 showing the generated data by system 30, according to an embodiment preference of the present invention. Preferably, image 80 it is represented in parallel with the image 60 inside the screen 90, and the position of representation 70 of both images is updated, as described above, so that the advance of the needle 36 when entering the space 34 can be simultaneously visualized both from the lateral angle and from the antero-posterior angle. Must be appreciated that the present invention makes it possible to observe said images two-plane dynamics, without having to repeatedly obtain new images in both or even in one of the planes. The news images in any of the planes or in a different plane can be obtained as often as desired, however, the Screen 90 will be updated accordingly.
In some preferred embodiments disclosed, but not claimed, radioscopic images 60 and / or 80 align exactly with the TAC images above obtained from the patient's body 32. Before obtaining the images TAC, the reference element 20 is fixed to the body in a desired position, as shown, for example, in Fig. 2, of so that fiducial marks 22 and 23 located on the element appear in the TAC images. Element 20 remains fixed on the body in this position during the surgical procedure. The coordinates derived from the image of the fiducial marks of the radioscopic images are compared with the corresponding ones coordinates derived from the image of the TAC images in order of recording the radioscopic images and by CT.
Preferably, based on this record of images TAC images are rotated and / or scaled, from according to known techniques, to align the CT images with one or both radioscopic images 60 and 80. Also, the three-dimensional information of the TAC image, rotated and / or changed from scale as indicated, can be projected on the plane of one or both radioscopic images and superimposed on the images radioscopic or shown next to them. Additionally or as alternatively, the coordinates of instrument 36 and / or an image of the instrument can be represented on a TAC image appropriate.
Although the preferred embodiments exposed have been described in general terms with reference to different types of position detection device 24 and 40 and guidance, it should be appreciated that the principles of this invention can be applied using any other type of position sensors and sane orientation with techniques known.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a system 120 for spine surgery, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As in Fig. 2, patient 32 is lying in bed 44 ready to be operated on his back. A plurality of reference sensors 126 are attached to the back 128 of the patient 32, preferably, using an appropriate medical adhesive. Each sensor 126 preferably comprises a fiducial mark 130, which enables easy recognition of the sensors 126 in the images of the back 128. Preferably, the fiducial marks 130 are embedded inside or placed on the sensors 126. In order to register the position of a sensor 126 on an image of the back 128, at least three marks 130 are used, preferably associated with the sensors close to the registered sensor. As an alternative, each sensor 126 is firmly coupled to three fiducial marks attached to the patient 32, so that there is a known relationship between the sensors 126 and the marks 130. As an additional alternative, a plurality of marks 130 are fixed to the back 128 with sufficient density so that each sensor 126 has at least three marks 130 in its vicinity, to enable the recording of the position of the sensor 126 with respect to the
A surgical needle 36, with a sensor 142 mounted in a fixed position with respect to its tip, it is inserted inside the back 128, for example, to vacuum a broken disc. A radiator 132, coupled to a system 150 for determining the position, is carefully introduced in the immediate vicinity of the back 128, in order to transmit and / or receive magnetic fields to and / or from sensor 142 and determine the position of the tip of the needle 36. The position determination system 150 is preferably the one described above with reference to the Fig. 2, and / or as described in the Patents U.S. 5,558,091, 5,391,199 or 5, 443,489, or in the International Patent Publications WO 94/04938 or WO 96/05768.
Preferably, the determination system 150 of the position is coupled with a production device 156 of images such as fluoroscope 54 above described, in order to record the positions of the sensors 142 and 126 on an image visualized by the surgeon. Should be understood, however, that the system 150, in accordance with described herein, can also be used in conjunction with other imaging devices, including NMR and CT, and / or others may be used links, for example, those described in the publication PCT WO / 08209 or in US Patent No. 5,383,454.
Preferably, the radiator 132 comprises one or more field transducers, preferably coils of Small field transmission. Preferably, the radiator 132 comprises three coils, which, as a maximum preference, they are located substantially orthogonal to each other. Like a alternatively or additionally, a plurality of radiators, as shown below in Fig. 8. Preferably, A ferrite core is incorporated into each coil. The coils are preferably mounted on the radiator of the form described in document PCT / US97 / 02440, although it can be used any other appropriate mounting configuration. Preferably radiator coils 132 are excited at different frequencies or, as an alternative, they are multiplexed in time or of any other way excited, so that the respective field generated by each of the coils can be distinguished from the fields of the other coils.
Preferably, the radiator 132 is mounted on a gooseneck 148 which is fixed to the bed 44 by a clamp 149. As an alternative, gooseneck 148 can slide along a railing of the bed 44. As an additional alternative, the radiator 132 may be mounted on any appropriate mounting device that allows for easy introduction and exit in the vicinity of the needle 36.
The sensors 126 are preferably located near the vertebrae 34 of patient 32 with a density appropriate. Preferably, for substantially every point in the that the sensor 142 may be located, at least one sensor 126 may be within a sensing volume of radiator 132 that encompasses both sensor 126 and point. The detection volume of radiator 132 is defined as the volume at which sensors 126 and 142 can be placed so that the transmitted signals between radiator 132 and the sensors are sufficiently intense to enable the location of the sensor with a predetermined accuracy and / or with a relationship default signal / noise.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a belt 160 holding reference sensors 126, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The belt 160 comprises a long strip of fabric or other material appropriate for firm fixation to patient 32. Sensors 126 they are embedded within the belt 160 or are fixed on a outer surface 166 of the belt. Fiducial marks 130 are firmly located on the belt 160 with respect to the sensors 126. Preferably, the marks 130 are fixed to the sensors 126. A wire rod 162 connects the sensors 126 to the length of strap 160 to a standard plug connection 164 located at one end of the belt 160.
Preferably, the belt 160 is made of Standard sizes and supplied rolled in a small strip. TO the time of preparation of the surgical intervention, the belt 160 is unwound over patient 32. Preferably, a inner surface 168 of the belt 160 has a medical adhesive which fixes the strap 160 to the patient 32. As an alternative, the Adhesive is placed by a surgeon when belt 160 is deployed on the patient.
In some medical procedures, you can use more than one strap 160 to serve as a reference for the position. Specifically, two straps 160 can be placed adjacent to an area on which it will act, on both sides of the area.
Preferably, reference sensors 126 They include three-axis miniature coils such as described, for example, in the PCT publication above mentioned WO 96/05768, or in PCT publications PCT / GB93 / 01736, WO 97/24983, WO 94/24938 or in US Pat. 5,391,199.
Before surgery, the system 150 position determination is calibrated, so that the determined positions of sensors 126 are recorded on an image of the patient 32 which includes the images of the fiducial marks 130. The determined positions of the sensors 126 are registered on the image according to the image of the corresponding marks 130. Preferably, marks 130 are automatically identified on the image according to your computerized form or density. As an alternative or additionally, the surgeon indicates the locations of the marks 130 on the image. Consequently, the positions of 126 sensors on the image are determined according to their known relationship with brands 130.
Preferably, the calibration also includes the determination of the positions of the sensors 126 with each other. Preferably, a large long range radiator is used, to determine the relative positions of the sensors reference 126. As an alternative, radiator 132 is used for the calibration that is carried out with respect to one of the reference sensors 126 ', which is chosen arbitrarily. He radiator 132 is located at an arbitrary point near the sensor reference 126 ', and the positions of the sensors are determined adjacent 126 ''. The radiator 132 is then moved to determine the positions of another group of sensors 126 with regarding the sensors whose positions were already determined. This procedure is repeated until they are determined. substantially all sensor positions 126. As a additional alternative, sensors 126 are fixed in positions relative to each other, and these positions are pre-stored in the position determination system 150. During calibration it is only necessary to determine the position of one of the sensors 126 and the positions of the rest of the sensors 126 are calculated from I agree with that one.
During surgery, the radiator 132 is maneuvered as necessary until it approaches the needle 36 to provide accurate tracking, without interfering with the actions of the medical staff that carries out the surgical intervention. Radiator 132 continues to transmit magnetic fields, regardless of their position. 150 system position determination measures the signals received in the sensor 142 located on the needle 36, and in one or more sensors of reference 126 located near the needle, and accordingly Determine the orientation and position of the needle. The 150 system of position determination thus records the needle position 36 within a frame of reference fixed to back 128, with independence of the movement of the radiator 132 or the patient 32, and represents an image or cursor corresponding to the position of the needle on fluoroscopic and / or CT or MRI images of the back, as described above.
Preferably, at an appropriate speed and of periodically, such as every few seconds and / or every time that the radiator 132 is displaced, the determination system 150 of the position performs a procedure of assigning a current reference sensor 126, with respect to which it is determined the position of the sensor 142 located on the needle 36. The radiator 132 transmits a test signal, which is preferably the same signal used for position determination. 150 system measures the signals received by each of the sensors reference 126 in response to the test signal. The sensor that presents the most intense received signal is defined as the sensor of currently assigned reference. As an alternative, the sensor currently assigned reference is chosen as the sensor reference 126 closest to radiator 132, based on the image in real time of the patient 32.
Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a surgical system 200, according to another embodiment preference of the present invention. System 200 includes a plurality of radiators 132, which are used to determine the positions of the sensors 126. The use of multiple sensors 126 enables the use of small radiators 132, the which do not require much space. Also, the use of multiple radiators allows the detection volume of each radiator 132 be reduced, with the consequent increase in the resolution of the determination of the position carried out using the radiators
Preferably, the radiators 132 are activated sequentially, so that the fields transmitted by a radiator does not interfere with determining the position that They use the other radiators. As an alternative, only one radiator is activated continuously at any time determined. This radiator is chosen to be the most radiator next to needle 36. As an additional alternative, radiators generate fields of different frequencies that substantially do not interfere with each other. Preferably, the assignment of the current reference sensor 126 is carried out by independent way for each radiator 132, that is, each Radiator has its own current reference sensor.
Preferably, system 200 includes a fluoroscope 256 which contains the images of patient 32 and fiducial marks 130. A 248 computer processes the images results and displays them on a screen 252. Preferably, the images are processed according to the positions determined using radiators 132.
Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a 260 fluoroscopic image as shown on screen 252 as a result of the processing carried out by the computer 248 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, areas 262 included in the detection volume of the radiators 132 are indicated on image 260. Preferably, the detection volume of each radiator 132 is indicated differently, to associate the areas indicated 262 with respective radiators 132. For example, each radiator 132 may be painted in a different color, and that color is used on image 260 to indicate the volume of Detection of the respective radiator. Preferably, the areas included in two detection volumes, for example area 264, They are marked according to this approach.
During the surgical intervention the surgeon or an assistant preferably makes sure that the desired areas are included within the detection volume of at least one radiator. When a desired area is not within the volume of detection of any of the radiators 132, the surgeon or the assistant can move one of the radiators to a position in which the desired area is included within its volume of detection.
Preferably, the scope of each volume of detection of each radiator 132 is known to computer 248 before surgery, possibly as a function of a maximum predetermined resolution of the coordinates, and of according to the position of the radiator, its volume of detection. As an alternative or additionally, the radiator transmits some fields to the reference sensors 126 and of agreement with those who respond with a sufficiently strong signal, the position of the radiator and / or the volume of detection.
It should be noted that although in the present memory certain preferred embodiments are described with reference to certain types of surgical procedures, for example, for the treatment of intervertebral discs, the principles of the present invention can also be applied to systems for use in other types of procedures, including head surgery, biopsies and tube insertion.
Likewise, although in the embodiments Preferred above described herein, the radiators are described as transmitters of magnetic fields that are received by the position sensors, the principles of The present invention can also be applied to systems of determination of the position in which the sensors transmit fields, and radiators are replaced by receivers, okay With known techniques.
It should also be understood that the forms of preferred embodiments described in the preceding paragraphs are set forth by way of example and that the full scope of the invention It is only limited by the claims.
1. A system (150, 200) for determination of the arrangement of an object located within the body of a patient (32) comprising:
one sensor (142) of the position, for coupling with the object (36);
a plurality of reference sensors (126), for attachment to the body; characterized in that it also includes
a transducer mobile field (132), to transmit fields to or receive fields from the position sensor (142) and from the sensors reference (126); Y
a processor (248), for the selection of at least one of the sensors of reference (126) in proximity to the object (36) and for the determination of sensor coordinates (142) of position with with respect to the selected reference sensor (142), with respect to the selected reference sensor (126), regardless of movement of the field transducer (132) with respect to the patient (32)
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor (248) is adapted to periodically select the at least one reference sensor (126) to enable the precise determination of the position of the object (36) with respect to the selected reference sensor (126).
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor (248) is adapted to select the at least one reference sensor (126) by transmitting fields that generate signals in the sensors, and the comparison of signal intensities in the sensors (126).
4. The system of any one of the claims 1 to 3, comprising a production device of images (252) to produce an image (260) on which they are Registered coordinates determined.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor (248) is adapted to indicate a volume of detection (262) of the field transducer (132) on the image (260).
6. The system of any one of the claims 1 to 5, also comprising a band fixed to the body of a patient, in which the plurality of sensors reference (126) is mounted on the band.
7. The system of any claim above, in which the field transducer (132) includes a radiator.
8. The system of any claim above, in which the field transducer (132) includes a small transducer which, in use, does not substantially obstruct the movements of a surgeon.
9. The system of any claim preceding, in which the position sensor (142) and the sensors Reference (126) include magnetic field sensors.
10. The system of any claim precedent, in which the object includes a surgical instrument (36).
ES98900984T 1996-02-15 1998-01-22 Surgical system for radioscopic location with extended catographic volume. Expired - Lifetime ES2314989T3 (en)
PCT/US1997/002440 WO1997029683A1 (en) 1996-02-15 1997-02-14 Movable transmit or receive coils for location system
WOPCT/US97/02440 1997-02-14
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ES2314989T3 true ES2314989T3 (en) 2009-03-16
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1998-01-22 CA CA2250961A patent/CA2250961C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1998-01-22 JP JP53552098A patent/JP4265698B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1998-01-22 ES ES98900984T patent/ES2314989T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1998-01-22 IL IL12649198A patent/IL126491A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
IL126491D0 (en) 1999-08-17
DE69840161D1 (en) 2008-12-11
EP1181891B1 (en) 2003-09-24 A system for detecting a position of a magnet associated with an indwelling medical device
EP2099379B1 (en) 2012-01-04 Portable electromagnetic navigation system
US5730129A (en) 1998-03-24 Imaging of interventional devices in a non-stationary subject
US5871445A (en) 1999-02-16 System for indicating the position of a surgical probe within a head on an image of the head
JP5005128B2 (en) 2012-08-22 Medical positioning system
US5769861A (en) 1998-06-23 Method and devices for localizing an instrument
US5671739A (en) 1997-09-30 Imaging of interventional devices during medical procedures
US7117027B2 (en) 2006-10-03 Method for establishing a three-dimensional representation of a bone from image data
US7925066B2 (en) 2011-04-12 Method and apparatus for correcting an error in the co-registration of coordinate systems used to represent objects displayed during navigated brain stimulation
US6678546B2 (en) 2004-01-13 Medical instrument guidance using stereo radiolocation
US9248000B2 (en) 2016-02-02 System for and method of visualizing an interior of body
JP5065783B2 (en) 2012-11-07 Stereotaxic treatment apparatus and method
US9211164B2 (en) 2015-12-15 System and method for determining a position of an object
DE19751761B4 (en) 2006-06-22 System and method for currently accurate detection of treatment targets
US5772594A (en) 1998-06-30 Fluoroscopic image guided orthopaedic surgery system with intraoperative registration
DE69832425T2 (en) 2006-07-27 System for performing surgery, biopsy, ablation of a tumor or other physical abnormality
US6775404B1 (en) 2004-08-10 Apparatus and method for interactive 3D registration of ultrasound and magnetic resonance images based on a magnetic position sensor
DE69531994T2 (en) 2004-07-22 System for position detection by means of a reference unit attached to a patient's head for use in the medical area
US8543189B2 (en) 2013-09-24 Method and apparatus for electromagnetic navigation of a magnetic stimulation probe
CA2201877C (en) 2004-06-08 Surgical navigation systems including reference and localization frames
US5836954A (en) 1998-11-17 Apparatus and method for photogrammetric surgical localization
US6851855B2 (en) 2005-02-08 Registration method for navigation-guided medical interventions
EP3032456B1 (en) 2018-04-25 System and method for optical position measurement and guidance of a rigid or semi-flexible tool to a target
EP1510182B1 (en) 2010-01-06 Apparatus for performing stereotactic surgery
EP0501993B1 (en) 1997-06-11 Probe-correlated viewing of anatomical image data
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Johnson & Wales Field Hockey Conquers Westfield State 3-0
Johnson & Wales (RI) (1-4, 0-0) 0 2 0 1 3
Westfield St. (3-2, 0-0) 0 0 0 0 0
2nd - 19:51 - Jillian Miele (Johnson & Wales (RI))
2nd - 28:18 - Mackenzie Wolf (Johnson & Wales (RI))
4th - 55:06 - Jillian Miele (Johnson & Wales (RI))
G: Jillian Miele - 2
A: 3 Players (#4, #12, #19) - 1
Sh: Jillian Miele - 5
Sv: Grace Pendergast - 6
Sh: Shannon Roycroft - 4
Sv: Riley Goulet - 5
WESTFIELD, Mass. – Sophomore forward Jillian Miele buried two goals against Westfield State to lead the Wildcats to a 3-0 victory. Johnson & Wales field hockey earned its first win of the season.
Johnson & Wales: 1-4
Westfield State: 3-2
Jillian Miele (JWU): 2 Goal
Mackenzie Wolf (JWU): 1 Goal, 1 Assist
The first quarter of the game the Owls appeared to have the advantage, outshooting the Wildcats, 4-0. However, in the second quarter, the Wildcats fought back by turning strong defensive stops into counterattacks. This led to Jillian Miele scoring in the 19th minute of the game with an assist by Morgan LeDuc.
Throughout the game the Wildcats were able to keep the offensive pressure on, adding two more goals. First-year Mackenzie Wolf earned her first collegiate goal off a pass from Hailey Schneider at the 28 minute mark. For extra insurance, Miele added a fast break goal late in the fourth quarter to take the Wildcats to a 3-0 victory.
Goalkeeper Grace Pendergast (1-3) earned her first shut out of the season, turning away six shots on goal. Westfield State led in shots 15-12, while Johnson & Wales led in saves 8-7.
Johnson & Wales will look for another victory on Saturday, September 14 at 2:00 PM on the road against New England College.
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Philippine Ship Spotters Society
The Philippines' premier ship spotting and discussion group
MV Princess of the Universe
The Ferry Routes of Sulpicio Lines and the Assignments of Its Ships
Posted on October 25, 2016 by psssadmin
Among the local liner shipping companies before, it was Sulpicio Lines which was known for an almost unvarying schedules and routes. For nearly 15 years until they were suspended from sailing by MARINA (Maritime Industry Authority) because of the capsizing of the MV Princess of the Stars off Sibuyan Island, their schedules were almost the same. The only significant change was when the MV Princess of Unity arrived in the country in 1999 and Sulpicio Lines created an entirely new route for her, the Manila-Cebu-Davao-Dadiangas (General Santos City) route. But this route was permanently gone in 2005. For a time, Sulpicio Lines also gave MV Manila Princess a route similar to the MV Maynilad (Manila-Zamboanga-Davao route). But she did not last as they can never make it engines reliable enough.
With an unvarying route, Sulpicio Lines does not need to advertise in the national and local papers unlike her main competitor WG&A Philippines (later the Aboitiz Transport System or ATS) which always changed assignments and schedules. Passengers know which day there is a Sulpicio ship in their area and what is the hour of departure. They just go to the port as Sulpicio Lines does not practice the online booking system. The only failure would be then was if the scheduled ship is on drydock. However, if a suitable reserve ship is available, Sulpicio Lines will still run the route and schedule. And that was one of the functions of their MV Manila Princess then, to relieve ships going to the drydock.
Folio credit: Ken Ledesma
The queen route of Sulpicio Lines was the Manila-Cebu route. This was the route where they field their flagship and that runs twice a week (so that means plenty of interport hours for the ship). Many of her passengers are still bound to the other islands including Mindanao and so they still transfer ships. Some of them do after shopping in SM Cebu or in Colon. Or some leave their belongings somewhere and go to Carbon Market. SM Cebu, Colon and Carbon are all just near Cebu port.
Conversely, some of the passengers of the ship going to Manila are from the other islands including Mindanao. Cebu Port is actually a great connecting port. In a hub-and-spoke model, Cebu Port is the hub and the routes emanating from her as the spokes.
Photo credit: Britz Salih
In these nearly 15 years, three ships served as the flagship holding the Manila-Cebu route. The first was the MV Princess of the Orient starting in 1993 when she arrived in the country. She replaced the old flagship which was the MV Filipina Princess. However, on 1998, Princess of the Orient sank in a storm off the coast of Cavite. The MV Princess of the Universe then replaced her on the route and she held the route until 2004 when MV Princess of the Stars arrived.
Going back to a more distant past, it was in 1975 when Sulpicio Lines adopted an exclusive Manila-Cebu route in the mold of MV Sweet Faith and MV Cebu City when it fielded the MV Don Sulpicio came (this ship was more known by her latter name – MV Dona Paz of the sinking infamy). When MV Don Sulpicio was hit by a fire while sailing (and beached), the MV Dona Ana replaced her on the route (this ship was also more known by her latter name – MV Dona Marilyn of the foundering infamy near Maripipi island). When the MV Philippine Princess arrived in 1981 she took over the Manila-Cebu route until MV Filipina Princess displaced her in 1988.
The next most important route for Sulpicio Lines in this period was the route held by the MV Princess of Paradise, the fastest liner in the country for about a decade or so. She held the Cagayan de Oro route and she sails to that port twice a week. One was a direct voyage and only taking 25 hours for the 512-nautical mile route. On the way back to Manila, she calls on Cebu. Her next voyage in the same week will be a one that will call first in Cebu and Nasipit before going to Cagayan de Oro. From Cagayan de Oro she will do a direct voyage to Manila.
Photo credits: Sulpicio Lines and Josel Bado
The third most important route for the company during this time was the Manila-Cebu-Surigao-Davao route held by the big and former flagship MV Filipina Princess. This route has rough waters during the ‘amihan’ (the northeast monsoon) but it seems with her sailing ability she was just fit for this route. Being just run once a week she has long lay-overs in Cebu Port especially on her way back to Manila where she stays overnight. These long lay-overs was one of the characteristics of Sulpicio Lines and passengers appreciate this because they are given time to visit relatives and to shop. As for me, I welcome it as it gives me a chance for “free tourism” (as I don’t have to spend to reach the place and if I am already tired and sweaty I can go back to the ship and partake of its free meals, too).
The next most important route of Sulpicio Lines after this was the weekly Manila-Iloilo-Zamboanga-Dadiangas route, a route that does not pass through Cebu but nevertheless calling on three regional centers of trade and commerce. In the Philippines, the routes passing through Iloilo are the next most important after the routes passing through Cebu. Three ships held this route for Sulpicio Lines. The first was the MV Princess of the Pacific. After she grounded on an islet off Antique in 2004 which resulted in comprehensive total loss (CTL), she was replaced by the MV Princess of the World. Later, when she was destroyed by fire the MV Princess of the South held this route. Except for MV Princess of the World, in terms of size, these ships were already a notch below the ships that served the first three routes, an indication of the relative difference of the central routes via Cebu and the western routes via Iloilo. Their speed too is also no longer in the 20-knot range of the ships in the first three routes (except MV Princess of the World).
After the four come the relatively minor ships and routes of Sulpicio Lines (although the route held by MV Cotabato Princess does not look minor). And I will start first with that. MV Cotabato Princess held the Manila-Estancia-Iloilo-Zamboanga-Cotabato route. Actually, the liners from Manila does not dock in Cotabato Port which is a shallow river port. Instead, they dock in Polloc Port in Parang, Maguindanao, a significant distance away. This route has long lay-overs, too. Since there are plenty of marang, durian and lanzones in Zamboanga, enterprising passengers will bring in those fruits and sell to the passengers while sailing. It will be sold out by the time the ship is docking in Manila. So that there will be no restrictions they will also give the crew and the captain their shares. Estancia, meanwhile, is known for its abundant fish supply.
The next most important route after this was the weekly Manila-Dumaguete-Ozamis-Cebu route. Upon reaching Ozamis, the ship still goes to Cebu and comes back the same day in the evening after the arrival. In this way, the Sulpicio Lines ship also serves as a Visayas-Mindanao overnight ship but she has only a few passengers in this role. Since this route was a chopped version of the former route that still calls on Cagayan de Oro (dropped when MV Princess of Paradise arrived), she has two overnight lay-overs in Dumaguete which was nice. Adventurous passengers use that chance to roam the famous Dumaguete Boulevard. Two Sulpicio ferries served this route. The first was the old flagship MV Philippine Princess. When she burned in 1997 (in a drydock), the MV Princess of the Caribbean replaced her. Both ships are cruisers.
I do not know the next most important route of Sulpicio Lines. All were weekly and all seems not to be priority routes. Here, the older and lesser ships of Sulpicio Lines were concentrated.
I might start with the near-parallel route of where MV Princess of Caribbean served. Incidentally, they depart Manila simultaneously. The ship on this route was the MV Dipolog Princess and from Manila it goes first to Tagbilaran, then Dipolog (actually Dapitan) before proceeding to Iligan and Cebu and she will retrace the route. Like the MV Princess of Caribbean she was also assigned an overnight Visayas-Mindanao route. She has even less passengers in this role. She has also long lay-overs but not overnight ones. This ship and route functioned as the ride of the Bol-anons in Lanao to their home province. This was not actually a strong route as the voyage takes too long and the ship was no longer at par with the good standards of the era. Many in Lanao just take the ferry to Cagayan de Oro and take the bus. That was also true for passengers from Manila.
Photo credit: Joe Cardenas
I would rather next discuss the route to Palawan before discussing the routes that hook eastward. Sulpicio Lines has also the route to Puerto Princesa via Coron. It was the MV Iloilo Princess that was assigned there. But if there is a vacancy in the other routes, the ship has the tendency to leave Palawan and substitute. MV Iloilo Princess was also not that reliable as her engines were balky and I heard that only one chief engineer, the most senior, had a good feel for her engines. When MV Iloilo Princess burned in a shipyard in 2003 there was no replacement on the route any longer.
Photo credit: Gorio Belen
The next route was a route that has permanence. It was the “longest” route in the company which means it had the most ports of call, a type which was a remnant of the routes of the past when express liners were just few, the roads were still bad and shipping companies try to call on most ports possible for increased revenues. This was the Manila-Masbate-Calubian-Baybay-Maasin-Surigao route. This was even the chopped version (it was up to Butuan in the old past) so it might be a surprise to some. Calubian was a port of call because of the emotional attachment of the owners to it (they started somewhere near there) although it has lost all significance. The MV Palawan Princess mainly held this route after she was displaced in the route to Ozamis. It had no airconditioned accommodations and the general arrangement plan was much like an ex-FS ship although she was bigger. She was the oldest liner then (not really a liner but a passenger-cargo ship). Her alternate was the much better MV Surigao Princess. But she cannot hold the route for long because of problematic engines. Too bad because though small her accommodations are up to Suite level (what a contrast with MV Palawan Princess). MV Surigao Princess was gone in 2003 when she was broken up.
Photo credits: Times Journal and Gorio Belen
Photo credit: Edison Sy
The next route and ship were remarkable because they were able to hold on to the route when her era was already over because of the coming of the intermodal transport. The route was the Manila-Masbate-Ormoc-Cebu route. No, you can’t buy a Manila-Cebu ticket for this ship. You would have to pay extra for the Ormoc-Cebu leg which functions as an overnight route (in the MV Princess of the Caribbean and MV Dipolog Princess one can’t also ask for a ticket up to Cebu from Manila). There were long lay-overs too in Masbate and Ormoc. Even when the intermodal was already ruling, the MV Cebu Princess still soldiered on in this route because Sulpicio Lines simply won’t send ships to breakers as long as it was still capable of sailing.
The last liner route of Sulpicio Lines was a route that changed, was cropped within the period I am discussing (the other I mentioned that were cropped were cropped before this period). This was the route of the MV Tacloban Princess. Originally, she had a twice weekly route to Tacloban with one of that passing by Catbalogan. But with the loss of passengers and cargo to the buses and trucks, they dropped Catbalogan. For a time she even stopped sailing the Tacloban route (just too many buses here and also trucks especially trucks going back to Manila looking for a load). There was a time Sulpicio Lines combined her route with the route of MV Cebu Princess. Sulpicio Lines simply does not give up on a route and area. And that characteristic was the one lost by Philippine shipping (and that was irreplaceable) when they went out of ferry business because the other competitor was known for dropping routes in a minute because bean counters ruled there.
Photo credit: John Carlos Cabanillas
Aside from these liner routes, Sulpicio Lines also had dedicated overnight ferry routes and ships. For the Cebu-Cagayan de Oro overnight route they used two ships. The first was the MV Cagayan Princess. But when the competition heated up in this route they fielded the new liner MV Princess of the Ocean. After she was assigned there, nobody can outgun Sulpicio Lines in the Cebu-Cagayan de Oro overnight route in size and speed (well, even in the prestigious and premier Manila-Cebu route, Sulpicio Lines does not want to be outmatched).
And for the Cebu-Nasipit overnight ferry route, they have the MV Nasipit Princess at the start. But she does not sail in most days as its engines were really bad. When MV Princess of the Ocean was assigned in the Cagayan de Oro overnight route, the MV Cagayan Princess was assigned the primary duty in the Nasipit overnight route. In 2005 the MV Princess of the Earth came and she relieved the MV Cagayan Princess which was then brought to a new route, the overnight ferry route to Naval, Biliran. The Nasipit (Butuan in Sulpicio Lines parlance) overnight ferry route was one overnight route that Sulpicio Lines dominated in this era as the competition was inconsistent (sometimes there were ships, sometimes there were none).
In 2008, Sulpicio Lines was suspended from sailing in the aftermath of the MV Princess of the Stars tragedy. Three ferries, the MV Cebu Princess, the MV Cagayan Princess and the MV Tacloban City were sold off immediately to raise cash (and I knew then that the routes that hooks eastward and the most threatened by the intermodal will be finally lost). A few ships were allowed to sail thereafter but MV Cotabato Princess quit soon. Meanwhile the Sulpicio Lines fleet languished in Mactan Channel.
One by one the laid-up ships were sold to the breakers starting with the MV Princess of Paradise and MV Palawan Princess. This was followed by the MV Cotabato Princess. I guess they were trying to raise cash for settlement and other expenses by these disposals and also to amass cash for the purchase of new cargo ships. They had then two ships sailing, the MV Princess of the South which was holding the Manila-Cebu route and the MV Princess of the Earth which was sailing the Cebu-Cagayan de Oro route with a diversion to Nasipit twice a week.
There were five ships then in Mactan Channel and in their wharf in Pier 7 in Mandaue. These were the MV Princess of the Universe, the MV Filipina Princess, the MV Princess of the Ocean, the MV Princess of the Caribbean and the MV Dipolog Princess. It is as if Sulpicio Lines was still waiting for a favorable turn of events in the greatest crisis of their company when public opinion was very much against them. But in one fell swoop they sold the five laid-up ships to the breakers. Maybe for emotional reasons the departures happened in the night.
Laid up three years those ships already deteriorated especially they were in sea water. Every year not used the budget needed to get them going again mounts. And the hope that the government and MARINA will relent on restrictions seemed to have evaporated. Being politicians, they would rather feed off on uninformed public opinion. Having no understanding of the maritime industry, they did not know they were killing the already threatened liner sector. Along this time PSACC (Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation – the new name of Sulpicio Lines) reached the decision to just concentrate on container shipping.
In 2014, Sulpicio Lines sold their last two ferries, the MV Princess of the Earth and lastly, the MV Princess of the South. Now they are gone from passenger shipping. And when PSACC had already sold their last liners, MARINA withdrew their passenger license. Funny.
Ironic but the government is now encouraging entrants to this sector. But definitely there would be no takers as the viability of liners has changed and they have killed the most interested and most loyal shipping company in this sector. As the saying goes, “The medicine was too strong that it killed the horse”. That is what they did to Sulpicio Lines. The company will still survive in cargo shipping but the dedicated sea passengers have no more liners to sail with. Sad.
Posted in Company Feature, Shipping RoutesTagged Aboitiz Transport System, “Dona Marilyn”, “free tourism”, cagayan de oro, Cagayan-Manila direct route, Calubian, Catbalogan, Cebu Port, Cebu-Cagayan de Oro overnight route, Cebu-Nasipit overnight ferry route, connecting port, Cotabato port, Dumaguete, Dumaguete Boulevard, Estancia, iloilo, intermodal, Manila-Cagayan route, Manila-Cebu route, Manila-Cebu-Davao-Dadiangas (General Santos City) route, Manila-Cebu-Nasipit-Cagayan route, Manila-Cebu-Surigao-Davao route, Manila-Coron-Puerto Princesa route, Manila-Dumaguete-Ozamis-Cebu route, Manila-Estancia-Iloilo-Zamboanga-Cotabato route, Manila-Iloilo-Zamboanga-Dadiangas route, Manila-Masbate-Calubian-Baybay-Maasin-Surigao route, Manila-Masbate-Ormoc-Cebu route, Manila-Zamboanga-Davao route, MARINA (Maritime Industry Authority), MV Cagayan Princess, MV Cebu City, MV Cebu Princess, MV Dipolog Princess, MV Don Sulpicio, MV Dona ana, MV Dona Paz, MV Filipina Princess, MV Iloilo Princess, MV Manila Princess, MV Nasipit Princess, MV Palawan Princess, MV Philippine Princess, MV Princess of Paradise, MV Princess of the Earth, MV Princess of the Ocean, MV Princess of the Orient starting, MV Princess of the Pacific, MV Princess of the Stars, MV Princess of the Universe, MV Princess of the World, MV Princess of Unity, MV Surigao Princess, MV Sweet Faith, MV Tacloban Princess, older and lesser ships of Sulpicio Lines, Ormoc-Cebu leg, overnight ferry route to Naval, Biliran, Palawan, Parang Maguindanao, Polloc port, PSACC (Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation), Sulpicio ferries, Visayas-Mindanao overnight ship, WG&A PhilippinesLeave a comment
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IPOB: IPOB anniversary to hold in 120 countries as Lion Squad march in Onitsha
IPOB: IPOB anniversary to hold…
Leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Nnamdi Kanu, yesterday, reaffirmed the appointment of Uche Mefor as his deputy and Chika Edoziem as head of the Directorate.
Kanu said the duo would be responsible for communicating his thoughts and views to IPOB membership and the rest of the world, through Radio Biafra.
He added that no other person has the right to issue press release without their permission.
Kanu, who spoke through his lawyer, Mr. Ifeanyi Ejiofor, in a statement said the structural setup of IPOB world administrative headquarters will now be situated in London, United Kingdom and Germany, respectively.
He noted that Radio Biafra broadcasting from London was duly registered under United Kingdom Regulatory Laws, fully licensed and censored under relevant regulatory frame work where Kanu remains the founder.
“It is in the face of the ongoing misconception and rumour making the rounds regarding the status of a new renegade channel floated in America that it has become necessary to issue this statement.
‘‘At the same time, all the members of IPOB and general public are hereby informed that the position of coordinators of all coordinators has been abolished following the reorganisation carried out by the leadership of IPOB and anybody parading himself as a coordinator should be treated as a criminal.”
He, however, urged members of IPOB and Biafrans to observe the sit-at-home order to honour the fallen heroes who were killed during civil war between 1967 and 1970.
Meanwhile, the group has confirmed that the 50th Biafra anniversary celebration will be held in over 120 countries and territories around the world.
IPOB Media and Publicity Secretary, Emma Powerful, in a statement in Awka, said Kanu had directed that the event be given the serious attention it deserves.
He said the event will also be used to prove to the world that Biafrans were ready for the upcoming referendum for its sovereignty. In a related development, IPOB Ontisha Lion Squad, yesterday, took to the roads and streets of Onitsha, Anambra State, to sensitise traders and residents to comply with the sit-at-home order. The squad, numbering about 100, kicked off the sensitisation march from Ozomagana, off Ochanja Market through Old Market Road, Main Market and terminated at Central School Road, Onitsha.
The members, mainly young boys and girls held Biafran flags and placards with inscriptions: ‘We should all comply with May 30 sit-at-home order, ‘No going back on May 30,’ ‘we must honour our fallen heroes, no market, bank, parks, school should open,’ no movement on that day…” They sang and chanted Biafran songs and marched peacefully without any disturbance and harassment by security agents but maintained orderliness along the roads and streets throughout the march.
that lasted for hours.
One of the members of the group who doesn’t want to be named said they were advised not to speak to anybody including the press, told our reporter that the road march was to enlighten the members of the public on the forthcoming May 30 Biafra Day to honour those that lost their lives in the struggle.
He said IPOB is known for its non-violent approach for the struggle and will continue to maintain law and order in carrying out its activities but lamented that in the previous rallies and protests, their members were maimed and killed for no just cause.
He further stated that no security agent attacked them throughout the road march and urged traders and residents of Onitsha and all Biafrans to comply with the sit-at-home order on May 30 to avoid security agent’s attacks and harassments.
According to him, “what we are doing is to tell members of the public the need for them to stay at home on May 30 to honour our fallen heroes who died in the struggle. We don’t want our members to be killed again by security agents. We are not going to march or protest or do rally on that day, we should be at home throughout the day to respect those who shed their blood for the restoration of Biafra.”
Meanwhile, IPOB confirmed that the 50th Biafra Anniversary celebration would be held in over 120 countries and territories around the world outside Biafraland.
It said the event would also be used to prove to the world that Biafrans were ready for the upcoming referendum for Biafra sovereignty. Emma Powerful, the media and publicity secretary of IPOB, in a statement made available to newsmen in Awka said IPOB leader, Nnamdi Kanu had directed that the event be given the serious attention it deserves.
BIAFRA ANNIVERSARY/sd
50TH BIAFRA ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION TO HOLD IN 120 COUNTRIES – IPOB
· Plans Referendum for Biafra
Geoffrey Anyanwu, Awka
The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) yesterday confirmed that the 50th Biafra Anniversary celebration coming up on May 30, 2017 would be held in over 120 countries and territories around the world outside Biafraland.
IPOB said the event which was for the honour and remembrance of the heroes and heroines that died in in the cause of fighting for the liberation of Biafra would also be used to conclusively prove to the whole world that Biafrans were ready for the upcoming referendum for Biafra sovereignty.Comrade Emma Powerful, the Media and Publicity Secretary of IPOB in a statement made available to newsmen in Awka said the IPOB leader, Mazi Nnamdi Kanu had directed that the event be given the serious attention it deserves.
He said, “We have been directed by our leader to demonstrate our formidability and resoluteness in our respective countries of residence across the globe in such a manner that our heroes, wherever they lie, even in unmarked graves in forgotten battlefields, will be proud of what they achieved 50 years ago.
The image maker of the group however decried what he described as very pathetic and downright criminally unpatriotic actions of certain individuals he said hide under the banner of Biafra but serve a Northern Nigeria agenda.
He said “These elements and their groups, not content with duping people in the name of Biafra, have now gone to bring shame and infamy to themselves and their group by attempting to discourage our people from honouring our heroes and much worse even shaming the memory of their own members that died in the course of Biafra agitation.
“IPOB and it’s leadership will prove to the Nigerian agents in our midst that the historic event of the 30th of May 2017 Remembrance Day celebration and Sit-at-Home order issued by our supreme leader Mazi Nnamdi Kanu will be a watershed in the struggle for the liberation of Biafra and a remarkable one in the history of our nation. After this sit-at-home, which is a mini referendum for us, comes the real referendum later this year. IPOB is the largest most potent freedom fighting outfit anywhere in the world right now and we stand to prove this on the 30th of May 2017.
His statement reads in part, “…Biafrans both home and abroad must honour and remember our heroes and heroines that died to stop the total Islamization of the sacred land of Biafra and perpetual enslavement of the children of God. The exceptionally gallant soldiers of the class of 67-70 and the fearless IPOB family (including MASSOB members killed over the years) during numerous protests and rallies to free Biafra, paid the ultimate price by sacrificing their lives that we may live. It is therefore the patriotic duty of every right thinking Biafran (man, woman and child) to respect the sacrifice these brave men and women made for our survival as a race.
“All IPOB family units outside Biafraland, in over 120 countries and territories around the world, are expected to partake in street demonstrations, rallies, lectures and prayers to ensure the remembrance of our fallen heroes and heroines on 30th of May 2017 goes down in history as one of the greatest events the world would ever witness. IPOB will use this event to conclusively prove to the whole world that we are ready for the upcoming referendum for Biafra sovereignty.
“We commend IPOB families in the UK, Europe, Asia, Middle East, USA and many others across the world that have managed to secure marching permits from their relevant authorities because of this historic 30th of May event. The leadership of IPOB are also aware that almost all countries where IPOB has presence, including Angola, Mozambique, Congo DRC, Namibia and Tanzania have respectfully perfected their own arrangements to honour our heroes and heroines on that particular day.
“IPOB family members in the UK have secured their venue at Trafalgar Square London for a rally. It is however interesting to note that when the Deputy National Coordinator of IPOB UK contacted the British Metropolitan Police for permission to march on Trafalgar Square on the 30th of May 2017, they were informed by the officer responsible for issuing permits that since 2014 IPOB under the leadership of Mazi Nnamdi Kanu started its street protests in London, there had never been any breach of public peace compared to similar protests by other groups that have always degenerated into scuffles and altercations with law enforcement agencies in the London area.”
The statement noted that Britain being a civilized country and having recognized the very civil approach of IPOB granted permission to IPOB to proceed with the rally without undergoing the tedious application process for a permit.
“In Biafraland and certain parts of the British created country known as Nigeria, Biafrans are required to stay at home and not venture outside. There will be a complete lockdown of Biafraland and major cities where Biafrans have a significant population concentration like Sabon Gari in Kano, Lagos, Kaduna, Zaria and Abuja.”
Further on those he described as saboteurs, IPOB said, “They have collected money from their Hausa Fulani sponsors to try and disrespect our heroes that fought and died for us. These charlatans without shame or honour have forgotten that MASSOB members died at the hands of the same people they have gone to collect money from to stop a remembrance that includes honouring their own members that died in service to Biafra
“This is the height of evil and betrayal of the very worst kind. To shamefully make such open and unguarded statements concerning the Remembrance Day celebration of our fallen heroes and heroines who died that we may live is indicative of the hopelessness and criminal mindset of these Nigeria sponsored criminals masquerading as Biafrans.”
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BIM for Food Service
What is BIM?
As many people already know, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is not software but a process. It is the digital representation in graphic and non-graphic form of the property and all that it contains. If we think of any object such as a brick of Lego for example, we must imagine a 3D object that also contains data, that features all the values of the brick. It is basically an object with a virtual spec sheet inside it.
What is 3D,4D, 5D 6D?
4D represents development in time, 5D realization costs and 6D property management costs from design to realization to demolition and new reconstruction. In the future, we will also talk about 7D, security (to understand security against possible terrorist attacks). The project represents only a small part of the life cycle of the entire Process.
What are the advantages of BIM?
An advantage of BIM is that paper or workshop drawings with 3 views are not used any more, as the represented digital model provides all the necessary information. In addition, the parametric functions have many benefits, just to give a simple example, legs are added or removed automatically in relation to the size of a table. In addition, if equipment must be changed and there is more than one in the system, they will be changed automatically. This avoids mistakes. Another big advantage is the Clash Test, but there are many others as can be seen in the graphic below:
What challenges does the Foodservice Industry face today?
The big challenge for the Foodservice Industry is to provide from the manufacturer side model libraries that will allow designers to make use of this important tool. But the challenge extends also to designers who are faced with new investments such as buying new powerful computers and software, investing in staff training and learning to work in a shared environment where other people can see what one does, including any mistakes. Learning how to communicate in a coordinated manner, with precise rules such as how to store your work, and so on is another challenge for the designers.
What is the time scale for adopting BIM worldwide?
Some countries such as Scandinavia, the United States, Singapore and the Middle East have already adopted it, others like the UK did so in 2016. France will start using it in 2017, Germany in 2020 and other European states by 2025. So, we must make a move, those who start first will be ahead of the game.
What are the Manufacturing Industry and Foodservice Associations doing?
There have been several initiatives in Europe to establish a working group between EFCEM and FCSI EAME to elaborate the IFSE Data Dictionary parameter list in several languages. Shared parameters are the heart of BIM. In these parameters, there is also data on power requirements and consumption intervals, and required spare parts, all elements that can provide the cost of managing a device or equipment at the preliminary draft stage, allowing you to make the correct decisions at an early stage.
Apart from IFSE Data Dictionary shared parameters, what is the plan of the agenda of the BIM Technical Committee?
The agenda includes 5 points: shared parameters, MEP power connection points, geometry and information definition (Level of Detail LOD), material definitions by group, how to use different formats to open BIM.
But concretely, what are the advantages for the customer in particular?
The main advantage lies in transparency, cost, time and security. I have recently been to a conference during which anti-fire measures were discussed. Wall drilling without proper sealing precautions may propagate the fire, so failure to comply with standards can create problems. Using the CODE CHECK, you can check whether all required standards have been met. In Germany, some insurance companies are also asking for old buildings to be redesigned in BIM to be more transparent about security. Another example in the Foodservice industry (which does not exist now) could be the ability to check the HACCP of the project under analysis.
Which is the most used Software for BIM in the Foodservice Industry?
From a survey that I sent to 1638 FCSI Consultants and Designers throughout the World, 143 answers were received, of which only 105 replied to this question and I found out that the most used software is REVIT from Autodesk. There are also applications like SPECIFI which are embedded in the Software and include, in addition to libraries from various manufacturers, other automated features that make it easier to design a plant. Always talking about databases recently, the EFCEM BIM database has been put into operation on which several manufacturers can make their own libraries available. So, we are moving in the right direction, but there is still a lot to do.
La lista dei materiali utili
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_ENG_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_ENG_V07_1_2017
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_DEU_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_DEU_V07_1_2017
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_ITA_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_ITA_V07_1_2017
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_POR_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_POR_V07_1_2017
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_FRA_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_FRA_V07_1_2017
Parametri: IFSE_SharedParametersList_ESP_V07_1_2017 | RFA: IFSE_Dummy_ESP_V07_1_2017
Excel IFSE_ParameterDataDictionary_V07.1_2017
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#MeToo Offender Journalists Helped Sink Hillary. Don't Let It Happen Again
Mark Halperin (left) and Glenn Thrush (right).
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Mark Halperin and Glenn Thrush were yanked from the spotlight amid scandal. Should they be allowed back on stage without bold reforms?
This OZY series explores the #MeToo movement's impact around the world.This OZY original series explores how the #MeToo movement is reverberating around the world.
By Jeremy Fassler
The Daily Dose AUG 27 2019
In the past few weeks, two men accused of sexual harassment and abuse at the onset of #MeToo have returned to the spotlight. New York Times journalist Glenn Thrush, accused of harassing female co-workers at Politico, has been promoted to covering the 2020 campaign after an internal investigation demoted him. Meanwhile, former NBC News contributor Mark Halperin, who has been accused of groping women and masturbating in front of them, has announced he has a new book coming out this fall titled How to Beat Trump.
The pattern for men who misbehave is always the same — man apologizes, man goes away, man comes back, no questions asked — but it’s the last part that raises the hackles. Comebacks should require hard questions be answered by the accused. Otherwise, how can we be sure that he has changed his ways?
It’s important not to conflate Thrush and Halperin given that the accusations against them are different. Halperin’s abuses were by far the more extreme, spanning decades. Thrush’s transgressions involved making inappropriate passes at his female co-workers.
He’s basically making it sound as if the sins of everybody else are the same as his.
Jonathan Alter on Mark Halperin
Political analyst Jonathan Alter says “the punishment and the level of atonement need to fit the crime, or at least the misdemeanor.” He believes that the Times was “perfectly appropriate” in its actions against Thrush, who sought treatment for his alcoholism after the allegations. However, Thrush has remained mum since his apology in 2017, and a Times representative declined to speak with me on the record concerning this matter.
Halperin, apart from an apology following the revelations of his abuse, and another mea culpa last week, has been flippant about his behavior. In an interview with radio host Michael Smerconish, he said glibly, “I’m happy to be judged by perfect people.” That, says Alter, is “a very nasty and insincere comment that actually says a lot about how he got into trouble in the first place. … He’s basically making it sound as if the sins of everybody else are the same as his.” Halperin has not personally apologized to his victims.
If Thrush and Halperin were more forthcoming about what they have specifically done to reckon with their misdeeds, it would be easier to extend the benefit of the doubt. That’s difficult to do, though, given that their misogyny bled into their coverage of the 2016 election as they cast Hillary Clinton in a negative light.
Halperin had previously portrayed Clinton as “Napoleon in a navy pantsuit” in his book Game Change, co-authored with John Heilemann. From the moment Clinton announced her campaign, Halperin beat the drum over the email “scandal,” calling her decisions “wrong, selfish, [and a] failure to cooperate.” On the other hand, he treated Trump with kid gloves, minimizing allegations of sexual assault against him by describing them as “nothing illegal … nothing beyond boorish or politically incorrect” and labeling him a “naturally gifted” candidate. His sycophancy was so blatant that NBC’s Brian Williams chided him for it on the air.
Thrush was more critical of Trump than Halperin was, but he still showed gender bias in his reporting, such as suggesting Clinton hadn’t earned her success when he dubbed her the “Queen of Coasting” in September 2016. On Twitter, he mocked her for “calling for love and kindness — by SHOUTING!” (caps his). When his followers asked him to talk about sexism in the campaign, he was quick to dismiss them. Even in 2017, he dismissed the idea that sexism had anything to do with Clinton’s loss.
But... sexism. I leave anything out? https://t.co/AkEpMBSs4y
— Glenn Thrush (@GlennThrush) August 21, 2017
Thrush and Halperin, like Charlie Rose, Matt Lauer and Ryan Lizza, were both unduly harsh on Clinton and accused of sexual harassment during that first wave of #MeToo. Their views on and behavior toward women skewed their journalistic objectivity and twisted public opinion against Clinton. The media’s attitude toward her might have been different with more prominent female journalists covering the election, but since many of the women these men victimized left the profession, we’ll never know what they could have achieved had they stayed.
It’s not up to the accused to set the terms for their rehabilitation. They must earn it by demonstrating that they have learned the right lessons. More women are running for president than ever before, and one might even be the nominee. If Thrush and Halperin want to return to the political arena, they must make this public show of atonement; otherwise, there’s no guarantee that their attitude and behavior toward women won’t skew both their writing and our body politic.
Jeremy Fassler, OZY AuthorContact Jeremy Fassler
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Interlude: Rope
On August 23, 2019 August 29, 2019 By ErraticErrata
“First, gifted:
Iron to bind
And rope to kill.”
-First of the three so-called ‘Mavian Entreaties’, found on raised stones across much of eastern and Procer
The anger had come, white-hot and blinding, but it did not last for Cordelia had learned calm at her mother’s knee. Mother might have never held an audience or passed judgement without swallowing a sigh of impatience at been the bare bones ceremony of a Lycaonese court, but then she’d never been a creature of halls and laws. The Rhenian blonde still remembered being taken on her first hunt out in the mountains, her ever-restless mother still as a statue for half a night as they waited for the stray ratling to come into arrow’s reach. Patience, sparrow, Mother had whispered. Patience and quiet and take your kill only when the time is ripe. The arrow had taken the ratling in the flank instead of the neck and even at seven Cordelia had been ashamed at the mistake, but the lesson of the night had lasted longer than the chagrin. It had been years since the First Prince had held a blade larger than a knife, much less strung and fired one of the sturdy shortbows her people kept for children and the weak, but unlike Frederika Hasenbach – once Papenheim – she’d not been born for the song of steel and strife. These halls, these laws, were the blades she knew how to wield.
And it seemed someone had begun quite the ambitious game, just under her nose.
The thought lingered and spread after she sent out her messengers, summoning to the ancient palace of the Merovins every trustworthy sword and spear she had in Salia. After that release of anger, the venting of frustration, her temper cooled and she began considering the details of this apparent folly. The Holies had called into session the Highest Assembly, which while truly a power they held if only obliquely – the House of Light had the right to present petitions directly to the Assembly on any day of the year, even on days where no session had been called, which meant the act presenting such a petition could turn into functional summons to one – had been used only sparingly since the Liturgical Wars. They had also ordered the arrest of Brother Simon by their own guards, along with consignment to one of the House’s basilicas in the capital. The summons themselves were not an overreach on the surface, though likely in practice, yet the arrest of one of Cordelia’s own spymasters and formal court official was a direct challenge to the office of First Prince. One done in wartime, when she held an absolute majority in the Assembly that could not easily be shaken.
Using Simon of Gorgeault’s arrest and detainment as a pretext to discipline the Holies would not be a popular measure, not when darkness loomed to the north and faith in Above was the last comfort for so many, but neither would it be the stuff riots were made of. Not when Cordelia had paid lips to whisper her preferred telling of the tale in every great tavern and brothel of Salia, which the priests knew well she had. They had, in the past, complained of her savaging of the reputation of Amadis Milenan and his allies through such means by the intermediary of the now-arrested Brother Simon. They would know that so long as sanctions were fair and artfully phrased, she would be able to lay them without much trouble. And that after such lasting conflict she would settle for nothing less than a crippling: confiscation of wealth, grain and lands. Every priest not serving provable purpose in their current position sent to the norther fronts to provide healing and moral succour. Cordelia had been pressing for these measures or milder manners of them for some time now and been denied again and again. There was no true short-term gain the First Prince could think of that would be worth the bleeding she would inflict on them in its wake. That was concerning as it meant, in all likelihood, that the House of Light intended to force her to abdicate.
Agnes would have warned me, Cordelia thought. Though her cousin’s peering eyes had been on the darkness to the north and the madness in Iserre, she would not have missed so glaring an attack. And mentioned it even if it were doomed to failure, which the fair-haired prince was unwilling to believe out of hand. There was always a way to end a reign, even if it was a simple as a knife in unscrupulous hands. And so the deeper game she’d glimpsed began to take shape for while one failing was a mistake and two ineptitude, but three could only be deliberate. Of that sudden awareness Cordelia gave no outwards sign, though assessing her current situation she felt her stomach clench. The Rhenian princess had moved from her solar to the beautiful Gallerie des Hérons after sending out her summons, for the gallery with the great windows overlooked the outer courtyard where her trusted soldiers would be coming to gather. It was large enough to accommodate an assembly of captains before they set out as well, which she’d been giving instructions in arranging even as she considered the words she’d speak when addressing them. She’d had servants fetching tablecloths and refreshments to make the entire affair seem less of a hasty arrangement, but the great gallery was rather empty of other company.
The First Prince idly strode towards the great open glass window, a time-worn but still powerful enchantment on the windowsill keeping out most of the wind and cold from winter’s last gasps. Cordelia pretended to enjoy the view, though in truth she’d been gazing to see if any of her Lycaonese soldiers had come. They had not, and the soldiers in the courtyard below were all in the livery of Salia itself – which meant they were little more than city guard, and of suspect loyalty. Half a step had her body angled so she could study the gallery through its reflection on the glass, as she casually set a hand on the lukewarm windowsill and allowed fatigue she truly felt to reach her face. Eight, nine, ten servants in the hall. All with an Alamans look to them, none that she’d brought with her from Rhenia. Louis of Sartrons had departed some time ago to reach out to any Circle of Thorns agents in the capital, yet the second of her three spymasters had remained at her side. Balthazar the Bastard had taken being so surprised by the Holies poorly and been in constant conference with some of his spies since. He offered fresh reports to Cordelia regularly, having early on found out where Brother Simon was being held and confirmed that ever current sitter of the Assembly had been sent for by the House of Light.
Even as the First Prince watched, a woman in rough fantassin leathers was allowed in by the guards guarding the southern entry to the gallery and made her way to where the head of the Sliver Letters was seated to whisper in his ear. The ferocious-looking spymaster heard her out, replied in a low tone and sent her off. Cordelia looked away before her scrutiny could be noticed, instead assessing the guards surrounding her. Eight at the southern and northern entrances, all in Salian livery. There were another three discreet doors in the gallery, from what the tall blonde could recall, though through the glass reflection she could only see two. Servant entrances for two of the three, and the last would lead to a privy room for guests too inebriated to stray far to relieve themselves when feasts where held in this gallery. She knew which of the three was the first servant door – one of the maids she had sent for cloths mere moments had left through it – yet did not know the other two, which meant attempting to leave through one risky. Cordelia knew there would not be two chances to slip the noose, which was why she studied the soldiers assembling below in the courtyard. Near fifty now, still all Salians. Could that many truly have turned their cloak?
Were she trying to isolate the First Prince of Procer within her own palace she would have only moved after ensuring she had enough conspirators to do so, yet there was no telling if her enemies had been forced to move early. Having kept the jaws closing around her hidden so far might mean as much, springing from fear of what she might do were she aware, or it might simply be consequence of a preference for discretion. The odds were better down there, she thought, than with the guards at the entrances. The courtyard must be at least ten feet below, and solid stone. Her blue dress, while not so impractical as to make it impossible for her to move quickly, would still be ungainly. The First Prince of Procer kept herself from stiffening when her spymaster’s recognizably heavy gait was heard before her. She turned to glance at the approaching Balthazar, allowing the faintest hint of impatience to touch her face.
“Your Most Serene Highness,” the black-haired man said. “I’ve news from the city.”
“Speak,” Cordelia invited.
“There have been riots in the streets,” he grimaced. “The priests have claimed that you mean to crown yourself queen and incited the people to violence.”
“Unfortunate,” the First Prince of Procer said. “They will have to be dispersed, by club if not by speech. Best to act promptly before the unrest can spread. How many soldiers have arrived?”
“Two hundred in the palace barracks, and those that can be seen below,” Balthazar said. “I would starkly advise against taking to the street with numbers less than five hundred, Your Highness. Salian riots see stones thrown and knives bared even in times of plenty.”
And there it was, she thought. A feasible reason for her to stay here in this hall, cooling her heels as the city went to the dogs around her and conspirators carried out their coup. Balthazar Serigny was one of them, of that there can be no doubt. The Holies could not have her unseated without a vote in the Highest Assembly, and they could not possibly be so foolish as to expect that such a vote could be won without preparation. The House of Light must have reached out to fence-sitters and the discontent, which the Silver Letters should not have missed given their heavy presence in Salia. And to think that Cordelia herself had ordered them to strengthen their presence, in order to expunge the last of the Eyes of the Empire from the capital. She’d invited the wolf at her table, believing it a hound. At least, the Rhenian thought, the conspirators had failed to secure enough votes to unseat her properly. They would not be resorting to such methods if they could use legitimate ones instead. On the other hand, if she was made prisoner and another candidate for her office presented how many of her allies would truly stay with her? Cordelia’s grip on the Highest Assembly had not been gentle, though she had been careful never to ruffle feathers without good reason. Some would turn, though, she knew. Some already had under her very nose.
“Send for Captain Haas,” she said, making her face imply restrained desire for a frown.
Balthazar would not accede to that, for Andrea Haas was the head of her personal retinue and a hardened killer besides. Cordelia’s heart clenched when she realized that her old compatriot had likely been assassinated as a prelude to the coup, though it could not be certain. Agnes… no, they would not touch Agnes. The Augur was too important a strategic asset for them to hurt even if she was Cordelia’s cousin. I can do nothing for anyone from the bear’s den, the First Prince thought. First I must escape. Balthazar grimaced, as if reluctant, and she gazed at him with polite impatience until he gave answer.
“Captain Haas had been drinking,” the spymaster said. “And is half in a stupor, at the moment. I would send for a priest to sober her, Your Highness, but given the circumstances…”
“As you say,” the First Prince of Procer said. “The entire priesthood is suspect until proven otherwise.”
“I’ll send for the current ranking officer, if you’d like,” Balthazar offered. “A Lieutenant Beringer, I believe.”
So the conspirators had even sunk hooks in one of hers, Cordelia thought with distaste. It could be a hostage had been taken, she considered, but then she would not glorify the stuff her people were made of. They could be just as venal and treacherous as anyone else, and there were some who might say that the way Cordelia Hasenbach had sent no host to bolster the defence of the Lycaonese realms meant she’d betrayed them first. All of her soldiers here had kin who had either fought at Twilight’s Pass or died there. No, their loyalties were no so ironclad as they might have been a year past.
“So long as it does not detract from muster,” she idly said. “It seems the Hellgods have my plans in their eye, tonight.”
“We’ll crush them as soon as we have our forces in order, Your Highness,” Balthazar Serigny said. “It is a matter of an hour at most.”
Cordelia inclined her head by a fraction and then looked back down into the courtyard, a clear if silent dismissal. There were perhaps a hundred soldier now, some of which had noticed her presence. Not a single one wore anything other than a Salian tabard. There was movement in the corner of her eye, and the First Prince almost tensed before she forced herself not to – and then Balthazar nailed the windowsill with a dagger, biting into the wood, just as her fingers clenched against the wood until they paled.
“Always were sharp, weren’t you? For a savage,” the man casually said, and whistled.
Half the servants unsheathed knives, while a pair of guard on the southern entrance and a single one to the north were slain by their comrades without hesitation. One of the maids tried to run for a door, but a thin man in servant’s livery threw a blade without missing a beat and it went through the back of her skull. The others screamed, and obeyed when told to sit on the ground with their hands behind their head.
“It was the lack of a flinch, was is not?” Cordelia calmly asked.
“It’s a good trick, when you’re dealing with a scheming one,” Balthazar grinned. “Anyone would flinch, expect someone thinking they might have a reason not to. What was it that gave us away?”
“Agnes would have warned me,” the First Prince said. “If she did not, it was because someone prevented her from doing so.”
And only the Silver Letters, of all the many possible conspirators in the city, had the means of doing that. They had, in the end, caught the most damning of the weakness in an oracle: a warning meant nothing if it went unheard. It had been four days, since Cordelia last spoke to her cousin. She’d meant to do so, she truly had, yet there was so much to do and if the Augur had an important insight she’d send a messenger to say as much. The servant who were not Silver Letters had all obeyed and knelt, and Cordelia felt her blood turn cold when she saw Balthazar trade a look with one of the assassins.
“No,” she hurried said. “Do not-”
Throats cut the servants dropped to the side, one after another, as they twitched and gurgled the last of their life away. Cordelia did not look away. She had not known their names, not one of them. Yet she would learn them, if she survived, these innocents who had lost their lives because she’d not been quite as clever as she thought she was.
“That was unnecessary,” the First Prince said, voice raw.
The bearded man chortled.
“Going soft, are you?” Balthazar said. “Can’t have witnesses to this, Hasenbach, lest the priests find their scruples after the deed is done and decide to turn on me.”
“So the Holies truly are in revolt,” Cordelia said, forcing calm. “You did not simply suborn some of my people and feed me a lie.”
“Wouldn’t move without them,” the spymaster said. “No, without the righteous sort at my back this would have been mere wickedness.”
The man grinned, revealing crooked teeth.
“This is Above’s work, though, or I’ve been assured,” Balthazar said. “Though the full amnesty was more to my taste than some old fool’s early absolution, I’ll tell no lie.”
Amnesty. And there it was, why she’d kept speaking to this stain of a person even as the blood of innocents spread across the panelled floor. Balthazar Serigny was a gloater, and one who had a particular distaste for his social superiors as well as Lycaonese – though the second came as a surprise to her, truth be told. There’d nary been a hint of it before today. Amnesty over killings within the bounds of the capital could only be extended by the ruler of the principality of Salia, which was however happened to be the First Prince or Princess of Procer. This was, currently, Cordelia herself. The conspirators had therefore a clear successor for her in mind, one that’d gone as far as putting their name to a pardon before the bloody work of dethroning Cordelia had even begun. And there were only a very few people in Procer who could feasibly fill her seat so smoothly. Amadis Milenan might have, before his abdication, and now in his stead Princess Rozala Malanza – who in truth had become a stronger candidate than Amadis had ever been even at the peak of his influence.
Her own uncle, Prince Klaus Papenheim, might also gather such support as the foremost general in the Principate as that realm lay on the brink of destruction. Prince Ariel of Arans might squeak through as a compromise candidate, but the man lacked strong ties outside the eastern Principate. Not the kind of figurehead around which a coup would be birthed, and certainly not when hundreds of thousands of soldiers were marching through eldritch paths into his lands. No, of all these the only practicable candidate was Rozala Malanza. Who, aside from middling talent in scheming, had spent most of the last year on campaign in a principality where scrying was impossible. Which meant either Princess Rozala had hidden her cunning very skillfully, someone of influence was behind her or this was a foreign plot to cripple Procer just as it seemed possible for it to be saved. Cordelia’s heart whispered of Malicia, the old enemy in the East, but the Dead King was conceivable foe as well – though through clandestine intermediaries, for the Rhenian doubted even the lowest of the low would strike bargain with the Hidden Horror directly.
Or, Cordelia grimly thought, they might be fools. They grew scared of what they saw on the horizon, rustled up someone of high enough birth and used them as a figurehead for this ill-advised butchery. That the Holies might truly be so arrogant as to presume they’d be able to force the election of their chosen candidate without any real support seemed unconvincing, but Cordelia Hasenbach was not so conceited as to deny that the measures she’d taken to ensure the survival of Procer might lead others to act against her this dramatically. Out of fear or principle, or perhaps even the heady potion that could be brewed from both together. It did not matter, in the end. Order would be restored, and everyone who’d lent their hand to this utter lunacy made to dance at the end of a rope. Balthazar, sure he had her in hand, moved away from the window.
“Now be a good girl and sit down in a corner, Cordelia,” the spymaster grinned. “You might even make it out of this alive, if you do as you’re told.”
He’d left the knife in the windowsill, she saw. That simplified matters. The blonde princess snatched the dagger’s handle, ripping it clear of the wood. The large bearded man looked at her with a mixture of contempt and amusement. He was a former soldier, a hardened killer and significantly larger than her. There were more than a dozen soldiers and Silver Letters as well, now all casting eyes on her. Uncle Klaus, she thought, would have said something outrageously obscene before baring his sword and attempting to fight his way through. And, brave stubborn old warhorse that he was, he would have died trying.
“I suppose even the runt of the litter will know a little fighting,” Balthazar Serigny laughed. “Go on then, First Prince. Impress me.”
The princess’ cool blue gaze swept the room, burning every face into her mind. Names she might not have, but this would suffice. Patience, sparrow, her mother’s voice rang. Patience and quiet and take your kill only when the time is ripe.
“Before spring comes,” Cordelia Hasenbach calmly said, “I will see you all hang.”
Before they could reply she slashed as her own breast before dropping the dagger. Shallow but long, the wound bled vividly and began soaking her dress. Even as surprise and confusion bloomed across the faces of those looking at her, the First Prince climbed the windowsill and threw herself down into the courtyard. The landing was painful, and she did not suppress her scream as she felt her leg crack.
“Murder,” Cordelia called out to the crowd of soldiers looking at her. “Treason! Serigny tried to assassinate me!”
It was time to find out, she thought, whether Alamans gallantry was an empty boast or not.
Interlude: Iron
Interlude: Candle
166 thoughts on “Interlude: Rope”
Okay. Cordelia, I have my problems with you, but holy shit are you badass when it comes down to it.
Also, I am more convinced than ever this is Scribe’s work.
“There’s only one person that can stab me, and that’s me” – Cordelia Hasenbach
Nobody out-crazies [Cord]elia!
Blasphemer! Burn the Heretic!
Cordelia doesn’t do the crazy shit. She’s normally a planner and plotter. She’s just not an incompetent when she has to improvise. We think. There is not yet definitive evidence either way on that, although, her escape shows promise.
Unparalleled crazy shit is the purview of Kairos, goblins, and Cat. Also Bard, probably.
Agreed on both points.
I keep forgetting about Scribe. I swear, hear name should she Spy, she blends so well into the background. Only coming to the forefront to cause devastation and unrest before disappearing again.
It’s one of her powers. I think.
…who were we talking about again?
Imp, maybe?
I feel even more confident in my prediction last chapter that this is all scribes work.
Also Scribe’s Name being scribe fits better for her being unnoticed so often I mean the best way to not be noticed is to simply be background noise. How many people can honestly say that they perfectly remember little people who do things like sign paperwork, take out trash, or a hundred other menial things? Like does anyone remember the last interaction with a person at a DMV that they had? Baring them doing something to really make an impression, I would speculate not. I now realize that I’m rambling about why I feel like Scribe is such an appropriate name, but that isn’t going to stop me from posting this.
If it was a name like Spy we would remember. But Scribe just sounds so… uninteresting.
You’re right – Spy would be a James Bond, while Scribe is an actual spy 🙂
If we’re considering the tendencies of many less-than-practical Named to go for maximum drama and minimum planning, Spy might be just as likely to be a Sterling Archer.
…God, Archer but with Named abilities. I think I just low-key frightened myself.
Ayyy lmao read my last sentence again after posting and realized that technically we already have an Archer with Named powers.
And she would fit right in the Archer series!
Picturing the LANAAAAA yelling but with Catherine’s name instead. And ofc Zeze is obviously the Krieger of the group.
…Oh shit, is Black the Mallory of the group?
“later revealed to have been Dread Emperor Traitorous all along”
Named or not, scribes and the like tend to be ignored, like this epigraph showed.
Sparsebead
I do not think this was Scribe’s doing. She might have started it, but as soon as she heard that Amadeus is free, and on the way to a conference with Cordelia, she should have abandoned this plan.
Though I think it’s entirely possible that she was the one who started this conspiracy, but the Holies and other people involved went ahead without a thought once she abandoned it (and stopped holding them back from being way too hasty). It would also explain some of the rough edges.
Yep. That’s my reading too.
Although I would add that Scribe likely stopped putting in effort but didn’t care to try to stop it either. She does not care about anything but her precious Amadeus, not even things that he cares about.
Okay, that was well played.
If the story goes against you, then just change the damn story.
Really I expected her to have some ritual up her sleeve when she wounded herself.
But dang, she has balls of solid neutronium.
Well played Cordelia.
So, this is Eudokia’s plot to destabilise Dalia/Procer, and co-incidentally weaken the influence of the House of Light.
Now, was Scribe’s true intention for the coup to succeed, putting whoever her nominee is in place on the Throne of Salia, or is Scribe’s intention that the coup fail, and the Silver Letters (Procer’s counter-intelligence branch, let’s remember) be purged, giving Scribe’s agents an easier time of infiltration after the fact?
The best plans are the ones where success isn’t binary. The ideal situation could be for Cordelia to be overthrown, with the benefit of even if it fails Cordelia’s spy network is gutted.
Exactly, why not both?
👌 truly Xanatos
minichirops
Thank you. I was going to say that, but less succinctly.
Also, not really caring about the outcome and working towards a binary goal is the most important step to defeating an Auger.
jalexanderb
I’d say her goal is ‘destabilize Salia’, and she’s already succeeded perfectly. No matter which outcome follows this, that’s just icing on the cake.
If Scribe knows about the Accords and the Black Knights escape, the House of Light could be her target. It would be the single greatest opponent to the Accords.
Or the nature of the Auger meant she didn’t have the luxury of choosing a target. She just leaned into the first conspiracy she stumbled upon in retaliation.
That’s what I’m seeing.
The coup succeed: Scribe put Malanza, who’s currently marching with Cat, on the throne.
The coup fail: Cordelia will have to deal from a position of extreme weakness with Cat, who’s marching toward the city with a army, to crush the House of Light and secure her position.
Result: Whoever end up ruling in Procer will be in Cat’s pocket.
Kel the Seer
Scribe has never liked Cat, since even as a candidate for the position of Squire was a direct threat to Black’s life. The Name of Squire is intended to transition into the next Black Knight, whether by killing the current holder or taking over after their death. Scribe intimated as much early in the series and sees Cat as a blind spot for Amadeus. Cat’s last interaction with Black was to stab him before walking away, leaving her firmly on Scribe’s bad side.
I agree that she has multiple goals in place to position herself for even further goals, but I don’t see those as necessarily helping Cat out. Black on the other hand…
He is about to walk into a conference surrounded by enemies (Grand Allince, Pilgrim, etc), some of whom will want him imlrisoned or executed for his actions in Procer. Removing an accomplished politician (Cordelia) with a less accute ruler, weakening the Holies, destabilizing the alliances in the Assembly, gutting the multiple spy groups in Procer, etc. None of those are so at odds that they cannot all be simultaneously accomplished. Each that fails still weakens threats to Amadeus. Each that suceeds puts him in a stronger position when he sits at the table and either way the chances of him being executed are lessened with each plan.
After all, when the Accords reached Cordelia vis scry, Scribe likely learned all the details since she was probably the unassuming scribe recording it all for Cordelia to review. She thought Black should have claimed the Tower before. If he is the signatory for Praes on the Aaccords and squeezes for all the consessions that he can, doesn’t that play favorably into a story of his ascent to Dread Emperor?
frolamiz
Iron indeed.
A cunning old fox will chew off its own leg to escape a trap.
A cunning Cordy will stab herself in the chest and cry out “Treason!” to survive a coup.
A tired Catherine would probably just dip that section of the city in Goblinfire and call it a good night…
Goblinfire is so Book 2. Theres a whole lake right there just waiting to be repurposed.
Goblinfire burns anything yes? So why not combine the best of both worlds and burn the surface of the lake with goblin fire then drop said burning lake on the enemy?
*Robber, waking suddenly and sitting bolt upright*
“I’ve never been more aroused, and I have no idea why.”
..now THAT is a mental image 😈
I guess you could call that a version of napalm.
Well, everyone is going to blame Catherine for the fires anyways, and then somehow still interpret the attempts to put it out via Lake as some sort of double tap attack.
I didn’t remember that Salía was so close to a lake. How convient.
You mean a tired Catherine will be greeted with a city on fire and have to sort the mess out before a quick nap.
And of course they’ll blame her for the fire.
At this point, enough people are making jokes about Catherine being blamed for fires that she’d probably have picked up a curse from the stories if she was still Named.
it’s scribe, right? Eudokia is the kind of spymistres that use others spies as tools, ironic i have to say.
well, with this the house is done and cordelia have free hand to clean the other nobles
Most likely. This is the perfect time to strike. It destabilizes Procur while leaving her technically out of it. Scribe probably spent time setting things up to interfere with the Augers messages then just let the conspirators move up the time table.
Cordelia will probably be either dead by the end of the story, or have started a new monarchy, because if she survives and keeps her position power is probably going to be even more consolidated around her.
Well, I’m sure Cardinal could use another personnel with such foresight for peace and the will to bleed for the long run.
The thing is, in addition to the in-world story mechanics, Cordelia has Plot Armor like whoa, because there is simply no plausible replacement character for her Role.
After the Princes Graveyard, AFAICT there are two foreground characters who could plausibly succeed her as ruler of Procer: The Iron Prince is established as military with no political acumen, so scratch him. The most plausible character available is Rozala, and she left her sword in the ground of Issere — not exactly a decrowning, but deeply symbolic. That said, Rozala and friends, are heading there via Twilight, so they’ll show up Sooner Than Expected, but I think not soon enough to intervene in this.
Hmm. Maybe the local forces of Iserre will be the ones to save Cordelia’s bacon.
I think Rozala and friends *will* show up in time to intervene. I think that Scribe (or whoever it was) is running an imposter plot – sending messages in Rozala’s name to organize the coup while she was away fighting in the south. That would explain why the conspirators say they have a signed pardon from their backer, even though (as Cordelia notices) it would be extremely difficult for Rozala to have run such a scheme while she was cut off from scrying.
And the natural way to throw a monkey-wrench into this plot is for the *real* Rozala to unexpectedly show up before the coup is complete and reveal the deception.
Eh? What makes you think even Rozala’s name is involved here? the HoL we know, and the traitor strongly implied they were backing him directly.
This conspiracy would need a Prince or Princess to become First Prince instead of Cordelia.
Cordelia was running through the candidates for a coup, and Rozala was one of the few names she came up with as viable candidates to be behind this.
That said, Rozala isn’t behind it. Though it’s not impossible that somebody’s using her name. Probably unlikely, though.
However, if there’s an actual Prince knowingly involved in this, it’s probably a non entity as reigning Princes(ses) go, who is probably going to be more of an overly ambitious figurehead and take orders, rather than give them.
Scribe, Bard or Procerean.
Seeing that it’s guide-verse, probably all of it combined.
theothin
Don’t forget the Free Cities. This seems like a good time for Hierarch to make his move.
Doesn’t really sound like Hierarch’s MO to me.
Even the Dead King is a possibility, given this wouldn’t require a military intervention by him.
Well, we know Rozala isn’t behind this.
I wonder how someone managed to cut off Augur from getting messages passed.
That seems like the sort of thing she’d send a warning about before it happened.
Which means that somebody had to acquire one helluva lot of connections and pull without alerting Augur in order to cut off her communications through some sort of unplanned action.
It doesn’t have to be a consistent thing just a once. Right time right palace and a message lost.
That’s good for one message … but Augur would most likely have sent multiple messengers. Especially for something this big.
It’s been four days … which means every messenger has to have been stopped for those four days. Because if the future Augur is seeing doesn’t change, that means Cordelia hasn’t done anything about it. Especially since Augur’s predictions usually require some measure of follow up and clarification by Cordelia, and Augur knows that.
I doubt Scribe is blocking access to the Auger, she just hung around until she found an opportunity to convince the Silver Letters to do it.
You’re thinking in terms of our world (e.g., “redundancy for critical functions”), and also considering Augur as if she were a guard “watching the radar”.
In Guideverse, “the critical message was intercepted” has enough story power to stand on its own. Also, Auger is not so worldly or aggressive as Cordelia. The conspirators could simply subvert or replace the messengers assigned to Augur and isolate her just as they tried with Cordelia.
I’m still not so sure it’s Scribe, but with this new layer of the situation, now I’ll grant it could be, because she wouldn’t have had to deal with the House of Light itself — just give their secular allies a bit of help and confidence.
Or Above really is behind this because Cordelia is on her way to becoming a Villain?
Or, it’s Bard, and Augur’s abilities don’t work right on what Bard does and sets in motion.
Also, we know Bard could do this without difficulty.
It could be the Bard is just profiting from what Scribe was going to do anyway – ensuring she ‘succeeds’ in that…? Because no one will ever find out the Bard had her hand in that pie, too, right?
Whatever it is, I hope we’ll at least get a hefty sum of speculation in-book. An explanation at some point would be so much better, of course… damn, curiosity. Speculating is fun, but only so long.
Another option: Augur predicted that any message to Cordelia would be intercepted, so she instead sent something by a back-channel to “the cavalry”, (say, the Iron Prince or the Lycaonese troops) who will show up in due course.
The Scribe (whom I believe is responsible for this coup) is nothing if not resourceful, not to mention the fact that she and Black had already been studying the Augor for weaknesses. Honestly if someone is going to subvert the efforts of the Augor it feels right that it would be the Scribe. I really hope we get to see more characters with non-action related Names take on a greater role. There’s just so much untapped potential…
I think it’s Bard, not Scribe.
The operational constraints required for Scribe to bypass Augur are brutal – no planned actions, only taking advantage of naturally occurring opportunities as they appear.
I just don’t think Scribe has had the time to pull this off given the constraints she has to operate under to avoid Augur’s precognition.
At least … I don’t think Scribe has had the time to do this without someone else (Bard) doing stuff to clear the way and set things up for her to take advantage of.
Scribe doesn’t have to fool or trick the Auger in her current position. She just has to stop any summons from auger from reaching Cordelia’s ears, and since the spy network is compromised that can’t be THAT hard. Also Scribe could have purposefully caused unrest but in a less aggressive way, then taken advantage of people’s natural distaste towards Cordelia taking steps towards be a Tyrant (though that part’s just speculation on my end).
We even have foreshadowing in an earlier book when Scribe was going to try and create opportunities to take later to try and get around the Auger.
It’s that hard because she would know the conspiracy during the planning or even before it.
Some power must have been used to counter the Auger
If only we knew someone with the ability to be so utterly beneath notice that even people who know her personally would forget about her existence even when she’s being actively talked about…
Bard also has a known motive. She said flat out to Cat that Procer “has been a fire in my lap since its founding”. Suppose it turned into a proper Kingdom?
She’d be fine with a Villainous Queen of Procer for now — yes, it would throw the continental balance even further towards Evil, but that will correct itself — especially if the Dead King gets taken down. Once Cat goes off to Keter or wherever, Callow would still love to have a Heroic sovereign (and Viv was never all that Evil, she could easily flip back), Kairos will burn himself out in due time, the Titanomachy isn’t going anywhere, the Levant is surprisingly stable with some good leadership in the wings, and Cordelia… well, even if she gets a Villainous Name, she’s got plenty of enemies. (And might have more when whatever she fished out of that lake comes to light.)
Incidentally, the thing from the lake is also a solid motive for the HoL’s attempted coup, it’s not unlikely for them to have found out about it!
I see that Cat “convincing” Amadeus on the Accords is the end to the Scrib-gone-rogue plot line, because if it’s good enough to sell to more than half of the High Lords, then it’s good enough to sell to Scribe.
Is it though?
Convincing Black was based on showing signatories that each of them has something to gain.
Convincing Scribe requires showing that Black has nothing to lose due to Accords.
Yeeep. She’s not exactly on the same page as him wrt long term goals ;u;
Also, he’ll need to have talked with her. I’m not seeing how Scribe could have gotten instructions from him prior to this being set into motion.
Huh. Actually, she could have set this into motion prematurely upon getting instructions from him so that it would fail. Knocking over the card house.
So it appears Above really is moving against her?
I think killing the servants was a mistake. You can’t do Above’s work and slaughter servants like that. Just to hide witnesses? That seems like Stupid Evil.
Really the Holies should have gotten the Assembly and used some Light for Smite Cordelia. “Light burned her. She was Evil. I’m petitioning you to elect a non-Evil First Prince. Or at least a cool one. Like that new priestess of darkness.”
Nope. Some people who follow Above is moving against her. We have never seen Above actively intervene without being called on first, even when a tiny nudge could have done lots, like when the Laure House of Light was crowning Cat.
It is not above who is moving against her. It is the people forming the HoL, who are only human. The Gods don’t communicate with their servants. It is a completely human plot, born of paranoia, stupidity, egoism and manipulation.
Concerning the smithing, becoming a tyrant is bad, but not Evil, so Light would have had no effect on Cordelia.
The limits of Light seem cultural, nor inherent. Lanterns can set people on fire with their minds after all. They melted Nauk and he wasn’t Evil.
Also, there easily could be a relic or artifact that lets the priests cheat the system. Not to mention some kind of “Chains of Judgement” artifact, that they could use with liberal application of bullshit.
I predict Cordelia will face something like that as she faces down the HOL in the assembly. They will accuse her of TYRANNY and judge her. Then Below will make an actual offer.
The Proceran priests can’t harm directly someone. I doubt anyone in-universe think she is turning into a Villain except for Catherine. The priest would have no reason to Light her.
They can, they just choose not to. I’m pretty sure there where some that threw down their vow “for the greater good” in Malanza’s army when she tried to invade Callow.
So it’s very possible for one of them to choose to “sacrifice himself” and do it.
Technically, creating fences to block someone´s path is not harming them, it is the cavalry that came after that kill the skirmishers. It was not a direct attack like the Lanterns, and I suppose their oaths would be different.
I wouldn’t even exclude Catherine.
Catherine has directy said she’s worried Cordelia might be turning into a Villain
Catherine has offhandedly suggested that what Cordelia is doing is something Villains do. That’s quite a ways away from suggesting she might get an Evil Name anytime soon.
It’s in the same direction though.
Nauk was super evil though? I mean, I suspect Lanterns can use those flame powers on anybody within their discretion, but he was a soul-scorched general of the Arch-Vile’s army who liked eating people. Just cause he was likable doesn’t mean he was Neutral.
It was the Lanterns, not the HoL. I suppose their oaths are different.
Capital Evil. He wasn’t empowered by Below. I don’t think the Light actually judges someones morals, as at least some of the priests are horrible human beings. It’s all Above vs Below, not nice vs mean.
>They melted Nauk and he wasn’t Evil.
I’m fairly sure he worshipped the Gods Below.
How sure? I recall it mentioned when Vivi and Haks were contemplating the political ramifications of their soldiers returning to Callow with Crow wings emblazoned on their banners and Haks mentioned most the Fifteenth kept to Below if they kept to anything at all. So, which camp was Nauk in. And is there even a distinction in the eyes of Above (or at least smite-happy Angels)?
I mean. Callowans keep to Above, Praesi keep to Below. We don’t know about any instances of people actively switching from the religions they were raised in – there were probably a few, but nothing of the sort was brought up for Nauk, so he most definitely burned offerings to the Hungry Gods exactly like the rest of the orcs.
As others note, Above doesn’t touch human politics directly. And as both Pilgrim and the late Saint have demonstrated, killing innocents in a Good cause is totally on the table for Their mortal followers.
Well played Cordelia. Well played.
Its gonna make the peace talks kinda awkward if she finds out that the Scribe was behind this. Then again, they might be able to go with the old plausible deniability that no believes but everyone let’s stand due to lack of concrete evidence trick.
If she does survive this, its likely her position will be much stronger. As the House of Light will be slapped down. Only problem will be the lack of spies after all the loyalty purges.
Oh, and the murdered servants, though I don’t think you should blame the scribe for that.
More likely, even if Scribe was involved, nobody ever knows about it. The Bastard and the HoL are perfectly plausible culprits.
I like Cordelia, even surrounded by ennemies she managed to think of a plan to escape. And it is definitely Scribe who organized this, but she could not have done it without the sheer stupidity of the HoL. Let’s make a coup during a war that we are barely winning, it could in no way backfire!
“Pfft, who needs a functioning Principate anyway?! I’m sure if we pray hard enough the Gods Above will stop us from being murdered and risen as part of that big scary zombie-god’s undead horde” – Some dumbass of a proceran priest probably
The 10th Crusade will totally work this time, for sure. Guaranteed!
Have faith.
To be fair, Cordelia’s action of throwing herself through the window wasn’t so much a plan as a desperate gamble. She is betting that the soldiers in the courtyard aren’t part of the Coup.
Now she has entered Survival Mode, bleeding and with a wounded leg, her trusted guards away and enemies all around. She has to turn the situation by telling the populace about the assassination attempt (apparently the rebels didn’t want to kill her, only to depose her), thus the rioting people will turn against the original instigators and protect Cordelia.
In the worst case scenario, Cordelia needs to hang in there until Catherine arrives.
Also, while Cordy may not have explicit story-fu, she has certainly gotten on the right side of a perfectly workable story: Vile treachery against the valiant lawful ruler!
Balthazar needs a good story to counter, and it’s not at all clear that he can make “overthrowing the evil Tyrant” work at this stage — he struck way too early for that story to have real traction. Now, If he’d waited until she was gloating about her new eldritch weapon/ally/patron, that would have been a shoo-in.
Nah, he already did the classic villian fuck up that Terry Pratchett talked about: He stopped to Gloat. A true good assassination? You kill the vilian as swiftly as possible. The good man who decides you must die doesn’t care that you think they are clever, or that you squirm, or lose hope, or bargain uselessly. They just want you dead, so they make you die. It’s the evil man that wants those things, and so stops and savors the kill. And so gives you much more chance to survive it.
They aren’t even barely winning the war, they’re consistently losing it at a moderately fast pace. Dead King just randomly imposed an armistice from their point of view.
I saw every part of this chapter coming except for that last part. Damn, Cordelia does not mess around. Shows you don’t need supernatural powers to be a badass.
Hey, we knew people don’t need superpowers to be badass a long time ago – look at the Hellhound and some other members of the 15th (R.I.P Nauk and Ratface).
Lycaonese are an entire breed of Badass Normals.
Aka Proud Warrior Race Guys. Including the women.
Their hair just doesn’t turn blonde when they get angry.
??? I’m afraid I don’t get that reference.
Saiyans, most like.
In the anime Dragon Ball Z, the race of Saiyans become blue-eyed blonde when transformed in the state of Super Saiyans, a state that drastically augments their speed, strength, and energy.
That’s their secret captain, their hair’s always blonde
I kinda wish I’d posted in last chapter about my predictions. Thought that things would go to hell and there’d be a bloody coup simply b/c things have been going too well. And b/c I didn’t think it’d be as simple as Cordelia thrashing the House through politics. I even predicted a spymaster would betray her, except I thought it’d be Louis b/c Balthazar seemed too obvious. Would have made for a great “I knew it!” moment. It’s just I’ve NEVER been right in my predictions so I didn’t air it. Strong regret.
Always air your predictions.
We have a thing on discord where bets for the next chap are collected, and the winners get to change nicknames of losers until next chap. It’s a lot of fun to both win and lose, come hang out :3
Always share your predictions; fan theories are one of the things that spice up web fictions. Whether they are correct or mistaken is actually largely irrelevant.
My hint for something else being wrong last chapter, was when Cordelia noted that “Two of the most skilled spymasters alive looked at her with faces betraying utter surprise“.
My reaction was “ok, these dudes know something they aren’t saying” but I didn’t expect Balthazar to betray Cordelia right away, nor did I expect her to stay guarded only by Balthazar’s men.
It will be interesting if Louis also betrayed her, since that would mean Cordelia just lost all, or at least most of, her spy network.
Does anyone know how large Calernia is? Like, in kilometres? Just want to get a better mental picture of distances and size.
Hmm, honestly no one except maybe ErraticErrata can tell you that.
Nothing in the story talks about distance, only in some cases the travel time is mentioned. Even the cities are never referenced by area, but rather by population size.
Although there are maps you can check out (top of the page, the “Art, Maps and Other” section) and make your own mental image of the distances involved, at least in a relative manner.
I personally think of Calernia as something about the size of Eurasia.
Smaller than Eurasia as a whole, I think — the equivalents of China, India and Russia seem to be on other continents. More likely Europe proper, maybe out to Turkey or so.
Yep, maybe just Europe. But don’t take the countries in Calernia as direct representations of countries from Earth, especially not in matters of size.
Callow is inspired by England but isn’t an island, while Praes is heavily inspired by Africa with some Arabic elements (though Levant also has arabic elements in their design). We don’t have much info about the Yan Tei and Yamin-ine (the guideverse China and India) to speculate their size, but the Elves were said by Bard to own a country larger than the whole continent of Calernia.
The maps we have might make it seem as if Calernia is small, but it is definitely very large, to the point that going from one country to the other takes months by ride (Tariq states as much when he goes from Levante to Orense, and Orense has border with the Dominion), and according to Book 3 Chapter 19, going from Marchford to Laure takes a month and half on forced march to top speed and that’s just from the southern middle of Callow to the northern middle.
The maps available:
I had South America as my reference point. Eurasia is significantly larger than I’d even considered. There’s only seven or so countries in Calernia. And only Procer can be considered large by an Asian perspective. At least, how I think of it.
Hells there’s over fifty countries in Africa, and what’s in Calernia doesn’t look large enough to be the equivalent of fifty nations. And Eurasia is bigger still!
Not to mention Black has called Calernia a backwater continent and the Bard said the Elven Nation those of the Golden Bloom originate from is larger than all of Calernia.
The number of countries isn’t equivalent to size. Africa (with 54 countries) has 3 times the size of Europe (with 44 countries).
And with Procer being basically the European Union and Praes being Africa (of which there are plenty of hints, from the language and ethnicity to their political history), I don’t think it is an exaggeration to use Europe as a model for approximate size. I agree that the whole Eurasia may be too big for Calernia, but that’s merely a mental image that I use (I imagine Africa switching position with Asia, thus I have the Eastern Calernia as Procer and the Western Calernia as the Principate, with the cold lands of the north being Keter, Chain of Hunger and Ever Dark) the actual sizes involved are honestly beyond me, I simply use that accommodation and mental configuration as it makes it easier for me to reference.
Another thing, remember that an important detail about maps is scale, which none of the maps available of Calernia have. All we have as reference is traveling time, and even that isn’t a very exact measure.
The maps we have might make it seem as if Calernia is small compared to our world’s continents, but it is definitely very large, to the point that going from one country to the other takes months by ride (Tariq states as much when he goes from Levante to Orense, and Orense has border with the Dominion), and according to Book 3 Chapter 19, going from Marchford to Laure takes a month and half on forced march to top speed and that’s just from the southern middle of Callow to the northern middle.
Also, just because there are larger and more powerful states outside of Calernia doesn’t mean that it is objectively small. It’s simply that they are weak when compared to those great powers beyond the sea. When Black said that Calernia is a backwater continent he meant it in the sense of power and development, not because of size.
For example: The gnomes have airships apparently impervious to magic and missiles (maybe lasers), the Dwarves have superior weaponry, and the Elves superior sorcery, while countries like Yan Tei, Baalite Hegemony and the Miezan were shown to have superior nautical skills and technology that enabled them to sail across the Tyrian Sea and reach Calernia.
My impression is that Calernia isn’t meant to actually be very large, erratic is just terrible with estimating travel time.
Well, designing accurately the geography and size of something is a very hard thing to do. It is extremely rare to see such thing in any media, be it movies, books, comics or games. Usually those kinds of calculations are made by careful fans with lots of free time.
That said, Erratic doesn’t seem terrible at estimating travel time, it actually has been pretty consistent and also has taken into account that a large force of soldiers on foot is slower than a small group horse-riding.
I’m actually more surprised that there was a successful message network without the use of scrying (Cordelia was shown using birds to deliver and receive messages, but that’s still huge distances to cover).
…if you made a detailed timeline that took into account travel times that would be super neat
> The number of countries isn’t equivalent to size. Africa (with 54 countries) has 3 times the size of Europe (with 44 countries).
True. I was using it as a quick an easy reference point and not a hard measuring system.
> And with Procer being basically the European Union and Praes being Africa (of which there are plenty of hints, from the language and ethnicity to their political history), I don’t think it is an exaggeration to use Europe as a model for approximate size.
Whoa, whoa, whoa. Slow down. It’s long been established (by the readers at least, not sure if we’ve WoG on the topic) that Procer is the HRE. No one’s ever considered it the EU until now. Secondly, Praes is Africa? Just the whole continent?
Yes, their language, ethnic description, and even their city names suggest they are based on various African people groups. But, well, that doesn’t mean their one country is equivalent to the size of the whole continent. They’re plenty of RL African groups missing with no real Praesi counterparts. Besides, even with scrying, it would be nigh impossible to for a medieval society to maintain an empire the size of Africa with anything resembling the hold Praes has on it’s constituents. Let alone stretching to conquer yet even more territory.
Did the Fifteenth really march across a continent’s worth of land to get from Ater to Summerholm?
Just because Praesi are African inspired doesn’t mean Praes is Africa in size.
> Another thing, remember that an important detail about maps is scale, which none of the maps available of Calernia have. All we have as reference is traveling time, and even that isn’t a very exact measure.
Yes, and I’m hard pressed to imagine that travelling from Ater to Laure is equivalent to Going from Berlin to Addis Ababa.
> When Black said-
I’m aware. It was one point in two. Black says they’re technologically inferior, and Bard said they were a tiny thing. Coupled together, the impression given is that they are just some small continent off the coast of the real Eurasian equivalent. Else, why would they only have been bothered my mainlanders in the age of antiquity? I mean, how many peopled conquered Africa before and after the Romans/Carthaginians? Why don’t the Yan Tei grab a slice if Calernia is a huge plot of land with technologically inferior peoples?
There are European inspired people, African inspired people, and Levantine inspired people, but I just can’t see Calernia being anywhere near the size of Africa and Europe together. Europe alone, maybe. Africa alone, I strongly doubt. But both together?
> I’m actually more surprised that there was a successful message network without the use of scrying (Cordelia was shown using birds to deliver and receive messages, but that’s still huge distances to cover).
If Procer were the size of the HRE it’d be feasible. I mean, the HRE managed it without scrying.
Just like you, I’m using those as reference points, not as actual measures. It’s simply easier for me to organize them that way, the actual sizes involved and the calculations of distances are beyond me, as I have said before.
That being said, there are some points I must address:
If by HRE you mean the Holy Roman Empire, the closest equivalent in the Guideverse would be the Miezan Empire who invaded Calernia centuries ago and slaved Praes. Both their structure and historical background hint to that. They are explicitly said to have been the ones introducing Miezan Numerals, the higher order of mathematics, spell formulas, and technological revolution in engineering to the point that ancient Miezan bridges (like the one in the Blessed Isle) still hold to the current day. The few insights we had to Miezan language suggests Latin as its Earth equivalent too, (the names Ater, Praes and Thalassina have latin roots and meaning, for example).
Procer, on the other hand, is a union of 23 different states, and three distinct ethnicities, of which the Lycaonese stand as a Germanic group, while the Alamans and Arlesites have shown traces of French and Spaniard ethnicites, as signaled by their languages and the names of the Principalities.
The First Prince (from which the name Principate comes: Princeps means chief or first, as in First Among Equals) is elected in a “limited democracy” by the votes of the members of the Highest Assembly, who are the effective rulers of 23 different lands, they aren’t vassals under a sovereign, they are an association and each Prince and Princess of Procer is a potential candidate to the office of First Prince. While the name “Principate” may make us think of the early period of the Roman Empire under Ceasar Augustus (and we can see some parallelisms), the Princes of Procer have vast differences with Roman Senators, both in the nature of their power and the influence they hold, as the Proceran Princes are effectively monarchy in their lands with a huge degree of freedom in management and lawmaking.
Maybe Praes is smaller than Africa, sure, but even if it were, scrying and magic are enough to stablish effective communication and keep a hold on the territories. The Mongol Empire under Ghenghis Khan was larger than Africa, and had a network of relay stations to deliver messages by riders. Every single large empire in our world has done similar things to stablish a firm communication between its center of power and the lands under its control. Magic vastly simplifies the issue.
As for why other nations beyond the sea don’t attack Calernia anymore, we don’t know their circumstances and geopolitics, their last intervention was due to Triumphant apparently becoming an actual threat to them when she unified Calernia. The Miezan invasion was overthrown by Praes, and the Baalite Hegemony apparently collapsed by reasons independent to Calernia, leaving Ashur abandoned but with an ingrained culture and caste system.
We simply don’t know enough to make an educated guess, they could simply have signed treaties of not touching Calernia anymore or for a certain amount of time. Maybe they are currently occupied and at war, maybe someone made a magical experiment and there’s a perpetual storm that surrounds Calernia and now it’s unreachable, maybe their gods told them to not go there. That’s largely irrelevant for the matter at hand.
The Miezans are analogous to the original Romans, it’s not entirely clear if they’re the Republic or the Empire.
They aren’t the Holy Roman Empire, though.
The Procerans might be loosely analogous (politically speaking) to one of the era’s of Italian city-states, pre unification. Albeit with a greater measure of unity than the Italians city states had.
However, none of these analogies are dependent upon the size of Calernia.
That said … somebody could probably work out a guesstimate on the size of Calernia based on the maps and known marching times for the Legions/Army of Callow while they’re in Callow/Praes and have an established infrastructure for supplies and don’t need to do things like forage or graze animals. I say the Legions/Army of Callow because they’re the professional and well organized forces, and so would be more consistent in terms of their movement and would likely be at the higher end of army movement speeds.
Yep, it’s important to keep in mind that none of the countries in Calernia is an exact equivalent to a country of Earth, even if there are similarities and some equivalencies in language or ethnicity.
The Miezan also seem similar to the Greek kingdoms (like the Macedonian Empire under Alexander the Great, for example), while the League of Free Cities is way more similar to the Greek polis as city-states.
As for guesstimating the distances by using travel time…
well, we would have to still assume a speed for their marching. I would put it somewhere between 20 and 30 miles per day. As stated in Book 3 Chapter 19, Nauk said that “if they marched halfway to the grave”, which I assume means marching at top speed with minimum rest, they could go from Marchford to Laure in a month and a half (through Arcadia it took them only 3 days).
It’s honestly hard to measure that because we’d be assuming a lot, but for the example’s sake let’s use 30 miles per day.
30 miles x 45 days = 1300 miles, that’s 2092.15 kilometers, that’s twice the distance between Berlin (Germany) and Paris(France). Even going from Warsaw(Poland’s capital) to Paris is 1591 km; the distance from Munich to Hamburg (cities located in the southern and northern parts of Germany) is 790 km, about 491 miles.
And that’s only between two cities in the middle of Callow, not even the whole extension of the country AND not using their top and most exhausting marching speed, which was what Nauk used to make that statement of covering the distance in 45 days.
So the middle of Callow is larger than Germany. And Callow is among the smallest of the countries in Calernia. I’m sticking to my theory of Calernia being huge.
To be fair, that distance is the road distance, which probably isn’t a perfectly straight line, so the distance “as the crow flies” is probably a bit less.
On the other hand, I think the upper end of non-foraging, non-grazing, foot infantry armies is closer to 40 miles per day than 30, and 20 miles per day is bad even when foraging and grazing.
But yeah, Calernia is fucking huge. Even if we use the lower, 20 miles per day figure (which is slow) for 45 days, it’s still 900 miles between Marchford and Laure. Or nearly twice the distance you cited for Germany.
And it’s not like Marchford and Laure are at the extreme ends of Callow. They’re both pretty well in the middle, no matter which direction you go.
And the sheer size makes it pretty clear why Procerans don’t have a unified national identity – Procer is just too big.
Honestly, it’s more surprising that Callow has what appears to be a pretty unified and universal national identity.
We also must consider that Calernia probably doesn’t have the pretty roads we have on Earth, and it’s not like an army can march through forests and mountains easily, troops mostly stick to roads when on march, at least when within their own territory.
I recall that most of the cities of Callow were kingdoms at some point of their history; it’s confirmed that Marchford, Laure, Liesse, and Daoine were independent and strong nations before the Alban unification of Callow. Their unified national identity is likely a consequence of their constant wars against Praes in recent centuries.
Though the southern Callowans and the northern Callowans don’t get along well, Catherine mentioned they are almost different people, and Daoine is a semi-independent state with their own rules and culture, so there’s that.
My understanding is that premechanized armies generally prefer to stick to roads all the time, not just in their own territory. At least, when they’re available.
On the other hand, I believe that at some point there was mention of the Miezans leaving behind roads/highways, and Miezan engineering work being better than most “modern” work.
Between those routes as examples, and the military (and trade) advantages of good roads, I’d expect that Praes and Callow, at least, both have pretty good road networks, at least on the major routes. Even if they were lacking previously, Amadeus would have recognized the value in a major investment in roadway infrastructure. For that matter, I expect that at least some of the competent Dread Emperors of ages past would’ve done the same.
I’m less sure about the rest of Calernia, though.
On the other hand, it’s also a distinct possibility that Triumphant (and/or underlings) would have exported the value of good roadways in her conquest of Calernia.
True, but armies tend to get inventive and creative on the paths they use when invading or in hostile territory, both for sneaking out and for ambushing.
See for example the Exiled Prince’s Silver Spears going through the hills to Marchford, the League’s armies going through the Waning Woods, and the northern expedition of the Tenth Crusade opening a path through the Whitecaps Mountains.
Or think of Australia: One country that’s bigger than than all 44 European countries combined.
I mean, take a look at these numbers:
Europe has 10.18 million km2 of area.
China has 9.59 million km2, The United States has 9.83 million km2, and Russia is a monster with 17.1 million km2 in size. These are the Superpowers of the world.
So when the Elven Country is cited as being larger than the whole of Calernia, it’s not to mean that Calernia is objectively small, but rather to emphasize the utter vastness of the Elven Country.
I’m sure nobody would say that Germany, England, Japan or Switzerland are backwater countries judging only the sizes. They would be hugely mistaken to make such an assumption.
I knew you couldn’t trust a man whose nickname was “the Bastard”. I wonder if Arnaud had something to do with this? Still, props to Cordelia, but now she’s got a civil war on her hands in the middle of the apocalypse.
Hey, we trusted a guy who called himself Ratface.
That said, I’ll grant that The Pilgrim made the wrong call on which person would successfully build a United Nations on this continent when he decided to back Cordy over Cat.
If not for the DK, Tariq would have been right, no one would have trust Callow or Praes to make alliance with them.
Why should that allowance be made? That just means he also failed to predict that calling for a Continental War Against Evil would drag you into a Continental War Against Evil.
Seriously, he though he could bowl over Callow, stomp on Praes, and then focus on “finally ending the Hidden Horror”. Like everyone was just gonna stand around and patiently wait to get Crusaded.
Damn, an attempt of Coup d’Etat right now, when they are in the middle of a crisis? Are those priests insane?
Is this Scribe’s work? This is one heck of an infiltration if it is.
Though I would suspect the Bard since this was instigated by the House of Light, but we never know.
P.S: It will be hilarious if Catherine has to be the one to fight to make Cordelia regain her position as First Prince. The irony would be too sweet.
Probably the Scribe nudging along a preexisting Cabal.
Well, different people, different agendas.
There is probably either a very power-hungry or self-righteous and proud to the point of not admitting they’re mistaken clique in the Hollies that either has good connections/spies or someone had interest in informing them of the happenings during Prince’s Graveyard.
Idk if this was supposed to succeed or not. But this not succeeding probably is a better outcome for Cat. Cordelia would be able to consolidate her power and remove/restrain some obstacles to Cat’s plans.
As to who could have their fingers in it?
Bard most likely is aware of this, but I don’t think she set this in motion herself. At most, she induced someone to do it, whether through direct conversation or steering events to reveal information to someone so they act OR she predicted someone would do this even if she didn’t act and didn’t stop it. That is to say, if this was supposed to not succeed then she might have hindered something.
Scribe? Could be, but I bet she has info on the accords and Black’s agreement on them. Hard to say if she agrees or not. She is her own person, even if she is loyal to Black, so she might have reasons to stop him from going this route.
Malicia? This I could see, but more in the sense that it would have been supposed to succeed. Though seeing as this wasn’t done perfectly – i.e. the execution of the deed involved murdering so many servants then either this was hindered by someone, they didn’t have many other options for the main turncoat – which would reek of desperation to act, something I doubt Malicia would resort to at this stage unless she knows about the Accords and sees herself as betrayed already (which could be the case) though I still find this unlikely (only as a feeling though).
frondred
first you forget scribe then everyone forgets you.
Yeah, they just Disappear.
Captain Amazing
So it seems Cordelia, like Akua, was made to murder someone at an early age. Or have you forgotten that ratlings are people too?
Cool ending btw.
Inconvenient people aren’t really people. Especially when they’re Evil.
Hydrargentium
I didn’t think ratlings were more than barely sentient, until they transformed into Horned Lords. And in any case, every ratling ever has tried to kill and eat any human it has encountered.
So, not exactly the same thing.
They’re barbarians without a satiety response, but they’re absolutely people. The Intercessor specifically mentions the ratlings as a cogent power in her conversation with Neshama. They’ve just been under millennia of corruption from Below and had everyone who tried to improve their lot assassinated by Above. Goblins and orcs were similarly “dehumanized” despite being no less -anything- than anyone else.
They’re specifically noted by Masego to be incapable of higher reasoning, with the exception of the the very youngest and the Horned Lords.
Also, any ratling in Rhenia is an invader that will eat anyone in its path.
> had everyone who tried to improve their lot assassinated by Above.
Lol what. Are you actually getting that from somewhere? And also what Dresden 67 said. And also what konstantinvoncarstein said.
The problem with the ratling is that they literally cannot stop themselves from eating everything they come across, making them a danger for everyone. And Akua had to kill a childhood friend, while for Cordelia it was an invader trying to slaughter and eat civilians. The circumstances are completely differents.
“Barely-sentient invading baby-eaters are people too”? Is this a parody account for making fun of how some of the fanbase is reflexively sympathetic to anyone and everything labeled as Evil? I mean, people seemed plenty happy about Catherine killing Proceran invaders and they weren’t even killing and eating everyone. I don’t think the followers of Good are the ones applying the double standard here (for once) lol.
Why, does fate seem to desire that Cat collect foils like other’s collect enemies. First William, then the Grey Pilgrim and now Cordelia. Two rulers who want a better world and are willing to become tyrants forced by circumstance to do it. Hell, they even have matching wounds now.
William – stab to the chest (in her defense, he stabbed her chest first)
Akua – stab to the chest and rip her heart out
Pilgrim – stab to the chest to pull out aspect
Cordelia – I’m sure someone will blame Cat for the slash.
I must say, Cat is really taking this whole “finding a way into someone’s heart” rather literally.
The way to a man’s heart(*) is between the third and fourth ribs. 😉
(*) Or a woman’s, even.
oh wow Ebun will love this
Cat is actively shaping the Story with a nearly-unprecedented level of skill and power, so it is coalescing around her.
To further the comparisons, one was granted queenship by another’s hand and kept it relatively bloodlessly. The other came to the crown by bloodshed and treachery. One did anything to save her people and country from ideals the other sacrificed her homeland and people for ideals and a pipe dream. One sits out on the field surrounded by friends and allies while the other sits on her throne surrounded by wolves with knives. One has the favor of gods and is a religious figure the other is in conflict with those of the cloth and has no divine blessing whatsoever. One got a name early on and shed it for freedom, the other started with no name and is (presumably) developing one. The list goes on and on, was this planned? P.S. Her circumstances remind me of the song “the girl who climbed the tower” what lyrics would you write for Hasenbach? Also what about malacia (who is UP TO SOMETHING) and the other heroes who are presumably up north like the white knight and the champion.
Guys remember Blacks recent talk with Cat about what Scribe might be up to in the capital?
Razorfloss razor
Well this is a cluster fuck of epic proportions. This is turning into cats playground
So an injury across the chest and will now walk with a limp.
Cat is going to be laughing a lot.
Good catch with the leg.
…um😕
The quote at the top:
Rope to kill”
.why is it reversed..sort of
“rope to bind and iron to kill” is obvious so clearly i am missing something…
Prisoners and death by hanging. It’s not talking about death on the battlefield, I think it’s talking about death through politics.
They put you in metal shackles(irons) and then hang you (rope)
Considering that quote is “from the ‘Mavian Entreaties’ found on raised stones across much of eastern Procer”, which likely are stones akin to the “Mavian Prayers”, so maybe this quote is something referring to Fae?
Been re-reading the Guide and thought about the reasons Bard made a deal with Kairos in Twilight.
I’m betting the Bard’s purpose was to kill Laurence.
The reason would be that she knew she was about to be exposed as a maker of villains and that the Saint of Swords would be one of the few people actually able to kill her.
Sure the saint of swords would be able to kill her she just wouldn’t die.
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Windows 8.1 To Have Start Button and Boot-to-Desktop Features
Microsoft talked more about Windows 8.1 today, confirming some previously rumored expectations.
The details were shared by Antoine Leblond, corporate vice president of Windows program management, in a blog post. Windows 8.1, formerly code-named "Windows Blue," will be available sometime this year as a no-cost update to Windows 8 via the Windows Store. Veteran Microsoft watcher Mary Jo Foley predicts that this update will appear as a release-to-manufacturing version in August.
Microsoft also plans to release a preview of Windows 8.1 on June 26 in conjunction with the start of the company's developer-oriented Build event in San Francisco.
Leblond offered just a few details and said that Microsoft would talk more about the new update. He characterized the changes as a response to customer feedback.
Start Button. The biggest bombshell appears to be a concession to those wanting a start button. Keyboard and mouse users will be able to access a "Start tip," which looks a lot like the Windows Start charm icon, by pointing their mouse cursors to the bottom left corner of their screens. The icon pops up when the cursor is in that position. In the Desktop mode of Windows 8.1, this Start icon appears on the taskbar, just like a pinned application.
Boot to Desktop. The next thing of note is the new ability to set the operating system to "boot into alternate screens." That capability implies that Windows 8.1 machines could be set to boot directly into the Desktop mode, which may be helpful for organizations that will rely more on using legacy applications, rather than the newer touch-optimized "Windows Store Apps" (formerly known as "Metro" apps).
No Start Menu. Along with a start button, some users wanted a start menu, too. That feature wasn't mentioned by Leblond. Still, he did mention that users of Windows 8.1 will be able to change their settings to see their apps in the Apps view, instead of the tiles view, so having that capability may be a partial concession to not having a start menu. All apps can now be seen in Windows 8.1 by swiping from the bottom of the screen. Users can "filter" their apps, and display them by "name, date installed, most used, or by category," according to Leblond.
Snap More Apps. The improved snap feature in Windows 8.1 will show up to three applications side-by-side, in different windows sizes, on a single screen. However, the number of snapped apps may depend on the device's screen size. Writer Ed Bott, who reported on seeing a preview of Windows 8.1, said that the limit is a maximum of four snapped apps per screen. Bott mentioned a few additional features not noted by Leblond. For instance, the touch keyboard will make it easier to type numbers without swapping keyboard screens.
More PC Settings. Microsoft enhanced the PC Settings charm on the Windows Store App side of Windows 8.1. Leblond said that, with Windows 8.1, "you can do things like change your display resolution, set your power options, see the make and model of your PC, change the product key, let you run Windows Update, and even join a domain -- all from PC Settings." That change brings back easy access to most of the old Windows Control Panel settings, according to Bott's account.
Improved Search. The Bing-powered search capability will be enhanced in Windows 8.1 to display content from various sources, such as SkyDrive, the Web and files on the user's computer. While some commenters in Microsoft's blog post complained that Microsoft will be too prying in aggregating content locally, which could be a privacy concern, that point was addressed by Microsoft representative Brandon LeBlanc.
"Local searches are not propagated to the web or pushed to the web from your device," explained LeBlanc. "Content local on the device you are searching on is just included in the search results on the device -- within the rich search experience Windows 8.1 provides."
Internet Explorer 11. Internet Explorer 11 will arrive with Windows 8.1. Improvements in IE 11 include faster page loads and the ability to have multiple open tabs. The open tabs will sync across devices. Microsoft is also promising a better touch experience with IE 11.
Other new features in Windows 8.1 will enable users to better customize a device's screen appearance, including the ability to run a slideshow of photos on the lock screen using pictures from the local machine or Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage service. Users can shoot photos from the lock screen, without logging into Windows 8.1.
Lastly, Microsoft is planning updates to the apps that ship with Windows 8.1, including the Photos app (with new edit features) and the Music app (improved searching).
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Reel Roy Reviews
…to the chagrin of true arbiters of taste
Tag Archives: fruitvale station
“In times of crisis, the wise build bridges, while the foolish build walls.” Marvel’s Black Panther
[Image Source: Wikipedia]
Wow. I think we are truly in a Golden Age of superhero cinema, wherein technology and talent and investment have converged to create engaging spectacles that not only sell a sh*t-ton of action figures but, y’know, have something to say.
Wonder Woman. Logan. Captain America: Winter Soldier. Spider-Man: Homecoming. Thor: Ragnarok. Deadpool.
And, now, arguably the best of them all: Marvel’s/Disney’s Black Panther.
Classic comic book creators like Jack Kirby, Stan Lee, Neil Gaiman, Alan Moore long ago tapped into the allegorical power of superheroes as a lens to assess our present reality and to give us hope … or a dose of hard medicine.
It took Tinseltown decades – with a number of promising starts and soul-crushing stops – to wake up to the fact that, while, yes, these movies cost a lot of money, they will make a lot more if they aren’t dumbed down and focus-grouped past all recognition. Give us relatable figures in a heightened environment, thereby offering commentary and guidance on surviving this tumultuous human condition.
Think Shakespeare … with capes … and slightly easier to follow. Or Aesop’s Fables … in Spandex. The messages in these films are essential and timely and healing, but, even more importantly (and perhaps sadly so), these messages are making money, which is, alas, the only language that sometimes brings actual change in this country. Nonetheless, I’ll take it.
Black Panther is a superhero fable our stormy times need. If Wonder Woman helped soothe hearts broken over Hillary Clinton’s defeat – anticipating the #MeToo and #TimesUp movement – in an escapist adventure celebrating the strength and power of women, Black Panther offers a fist-raising rallying cry for those in pain over the institutional racism and politicized xenophobia which always existed but has come roaring to the fore since November 2016.
Imagine an African nation, with limitless natural resources, that developed, unmolested by Western colonization, to its truest societal, cultural, intellectual, industrial, and technological potential. This is Wakanda, the fictional setting of the latest offering from Marvel Studios.
Directed with verve and sensitivity by Ryan Coogler (Fruitvale Station, Creed) from his own screenplay, Black Panther takes a smidge of Hamlet, a bit of Richard III, maybe some Henry IV, a lot of Alex Haley, some Suzan-Lori Parks and James Baldwin, with a sprinkling of Disney’s own The Lion King and throws it all in a blender, yielding magic.
Prince T’Challa (a haunted and haunting Chadwick Boseman with enough leonine presence to command the screen and enough emotional uncertainty to allow us all to project our own anxieties and dreams onto him) returns to a kingdom in turmoil after the assassination of his father.
His mother Queen Ramonda (Angela Bassett who really just has to be Angela Bassett here … her and her cheekbones … and that’s just fine) is preparing for her son’s coronation. T’Challa’s sister and Wakanda’s tech wizard Shuri (a gleefully scene-stealing Letitia Wright) impishly ensures her brother’s swaggering male ego doesn’t run off the rails. T’Challa is challenged for the throne, first by competing tribal leader M’Baku (an imposing yet delightfully comic turn by Winston Duke) and later by interloping American Erik “Killmonger” Stevens (a beautifully nuanced Michael B. Jordan).
I won’t spoil some fairly significant “palace intrigue” twists, but suffice it say Jordan delivers one of Marvel’s strongest villains to date (watch out Cate Blanchett’s “Hela” and Ian McKellen’s/Michael Fassbender’s “Magneto“). This isn’t your standard-issue “I’m going to take over the WORLD” baddie.
Nope, Killmonger is a disruptive demogogue whose power-to-the-people shtick is motivated by anger and frustration that Wakandan isolationism has deprived generations of displaced African descendants the resources and aid that would have transformed their lives and leveled the playing field. Who’s the villain, and who’s the hero here? Pretty heady stuff for a superhero fantasy, and Jordan doesn’t miss a beat.
Coogler wisely frames the film with sequences set in Oakland, California, depicting the hardscrabble conditions facing too many African-Americans today. (People vs. OJ Simpson’s Sterling K. Brown puts in a brief but effective, narratively significant appearance here.) The juxtaposition of our reality with the “Emerald City”-escapist beauty of Wakanda is sobering and revelatory.
Reflecting on a hard lesson learned through soul-crushing circumstances, Boseman’s T’Challa observes in the film’s final scene (before the United Nations, no less): “In times of crisis, the wise build bridges, while the foolish build walls.” (Yeah, tell me that isn’t some overt shade-throwing to our present administration. Swoon!)
We also have damn fine character turns by Danai Gurira as Okoye, the chrome-domed head of Wakanda’s all-female army Dora Milaje, and by Lupita Nyong’o as Nakia, first and foremost Wakanda’s chief foreign intelligence agent and only secondarily T’Challa’s on-again-off-again love interest. The women are anything but damsels-in-distress in this flick; they are a**-kicking-take-names-later warriors who more than hold their own onscreen with our titular hero.
Martin Freeman is a twitchy, breezy delight as government handler Everett K. Ross, and Andy Serkis is great, scenery-chewing fun as sonically-super-powered smuggler Ulysses Klaue. Even Forest Whitaker as Wakandan elder Zuri with the same old tired, hammy, pontificating performance which he always delivers can’t bring this intoxicating wild ride to a screeching halt.
It’s a Marvel movie, so, yes, there are spaceships and car chases and explosions aplenty, nail-biting races-against-the-clock, and more references to fictitious ore “Vibranium” than you could shake a graphic novel at. The design-work in this film is beyond extraordinary, importing Jack Kirby’s original comic book concepts but infusing them with an African authenticity and a breath-taking, jewel-toned aesthetic. But Coogler knows that none of that matters a damn if we aren’t invested in character, plot, and message. This is a remarkable film.
It’s time for change. For women. For people of color. For the LGBTQ community. For those of us growing older. For the differently-abled. For humanity. Between seeing this film this weekend, and watching those beautiful and brave teenagers from Parkland, Florida, publicly calling out the complacency, corruption, and culpability in our national leaders, I – for the first time in a while – have (a glimmer of) hope.
Reel Roy Reviews is now TWO books! You can purchase your copies by clicking here (print and digital).
In addition to online ordering at Amazon or from the publisher Open Books, the first book is currently is being carried by Bookbound, Common Language Bookstore, and Crazy Wisdom Bookstore and Tea Room in Ann Arbor, Michigan and by Green Brain Comics in Dearborn, Michigan.
My mom Susie Duncan Sexton’s Secrets of an Old Typewriter series is also available on Amazon and at Bookbound and Common Language.
Thank you to sweet friend Victoria Nampiima, an upcoming Ugandan fashion designer, for sending these beautiful threads this week!
Posted By: Roy Sexton (Reel Roy Reviews) Category: Action, Comic Books, Disney, Must See, Pop!, Sci Fi Tags: #metoo, #timesup, aesop's fables, alan moore, alex haley, andy serkis, angela bassett, black panther, black panther review, captain america civil war, cate blanchett, chadwick boseman, creed, danai gurira, deadpool, disney, dora milaje, erik stevens, everett k ross, forest whitaker, fruitvale station, hamlet, hela, henry IV, ian mckellen, In times of crisis, jack kirby, james baldwin, killmonger, letitia wright, logan, Lupita Nyong'o, m'baku, magneto, martin freeman, marvel, michael b. jordan, michael fassbender, nakia, Neil Gaiman, okoye, parkland, People vs. OJ Simpson, ramonda, reel roy reviews, richard III, roy sexton, ryan coogler, shakespeare, shuri, spider-man homecoming, stan lee, sterling k brown, suzan lori parks, t'challa, the lion king, the wise build bridges while the foolish build walls, thor ragnarok, uganda, ulysses klaue, vibranium, victoria nampiima, wakanda, winston duke, wonder woman, zuri
“The failures of my generation are the opportunities of yours.” Fantastic Four (2015)
I’m an ornery pain. I’m the only person in America (or possibly the world) who didn’t like Frozen, yet I adored notorious flops The Lone Ranger and John Carter. I find prestige Oscar-winners like Crash or Birdman overrated messes, but I can watch Xanadu in an endless loop. (Though even I admit Xanadu stretches the acceptable limits of “guilty pleasure.”) When most of humanity flocks to something or flees from it, I’m always headed in the opposite direction. Hell, I even kinda liked Jonah Hex. You probably should just stop reading … now.
And it is with this context that we come to Chronicle-director Josh Trank’s reboot of Fantastic Four, admittedly a film that we, as a downward spiraling culture, did not need, given that the “First Family of Marvel Comics” already hit the silver screen twice in the past ten years in a pair of much campier, candy-colored offerings.
I suppose, given all of the hyperventilating sky-is-falling press over this late summer entry, I expected this new Fantastic Four to be a laugh-out-loud howler of a train wreck, not unlike that last Transformers movie (a movie I might add that nobody liked but still made a billion dollars). It wasn’t … at least not to me and the two other people in last night’s screening room.
I was pleasantly surprised that I actually, sort of, enjoyed myself. Word of warning: it is a very somber affair, but with zero gravitas and even less fun. However, the smart play Josh Trank makes (that is, before he completely disavowed his work on the flick in a Twitter rant a few weeks back) is in staging his film in a creepy, David Cronenberg-lite horror universe, where, say, being turned into a man on fire or a man made of rubber or a man made of orange rocks or a woman who can’t see her own hand is not necessarily a whimsical day at the park. It’s a logical approach, and Trank has cast his film with some of the best young talents in Hollywood, all acquitting themselves nicely.
Yet, it’s not the glib August superhero escapist fare anyone expected in a post-Guardians of the Galaxy moment, not does it have the courage to be full-blown creep-fest either, so Fantastic Four just sort of floats dormant in some audience-confounding, foggy nether realm. In short, I liked the movie’s tone directionally and the cast in concept and the unrealized potential best, which is strange praise indeed.
Playing the titular heroes are Whiplash‘s Miles Teller (“Reed Richards”), House of Cards‘ Kate Mara (‘Susan Storm”), Fruitvale Station‘s Michael B. Jordan (“Johnny Storm”), and Turn‘s Jamie Bell (“Ben Grimm”). The cast’s standout, Bell has a criminal dearth of screen-time, but, in his few stoic minutes, he sets a beautifully glowering tone of disaffected youth that propels and enriches what passes for character development in the movie’s relatively brisk running time.
All that said, much of the film is a drag, but, for some reason, I found its dreary sensibility and general mopiness compelling. Nope, we did not need yet another origin story of these heroes, but that’s what we get. This time instead of rocketing into space, our intrepid foursome explore another dimension (where they gain their amazing abilities … er … deformities) while attending the Baxter Institute, a kind of Hogwarts for Science Geeks in Midtown Manhattan.
By far, the weakest part of the film is its villain Victor Von Doom, a Draco Malfoy without the charm or the pretty platinum hair. In the comics (goofy name notwithstanding), this is a character who can be so fascinating with his Oedipal complex, inferiority complex, God complex, and all around prissy pissiness. For the life of me, I can’t figure out why filmmakers haven’t figured out he is the proto-Darth Vader and deserves a film of his very own. Ah well. At this rate, between Toby Kebbell’s not-ready-for-The-CW posturing in this iteration and Julian McMahon’s pretty boy voguing in the prior films, we will be lucky if we see Dr. Doom selling mouthwash and toothpaste during Saturday morning cartoons.
The film is nothing but 90 minutes of set-up, which would be fine if there was a payoff, but the proceedings completely fall apart in the final act, a clutch of computer-generated nonsense in the “other dimension,” the “otherness” being some billowing clouds, a lot of steam, and goofy floating rocks. Our heroes have to stop Doom from blowing up our world or throwing us all into a black hole or giving us gas from cheap popcorn … or something. Wait, what was this movie about again?
And that’s a shame, because until the film’s final moments, I actually dug it. Maybe Fantastic Four will find a second life as a pleasant, dreary televised diversion on rainy Sunday afternoons, and maybe (one day) someone will finally give this classic family of four-color misfits the smart but zippy movie treatment they deserve. Or not.
Early in Fantastic Four, Reg E. Cathey – playing Franklin Richards, the stony-faced scientist father of Susan and Johnny Storm – rumbles ominously, “The failures of my generation are the opportunities of yours.” And, dammit, the Fantastic Four film franchise is giving us nothing but opportunities. Sigh.
Reel Roy Reviews 2
Reel Roy Reviews is now TWO books! You can purchase your copies by clicking here (print and digital)In addition to online ordering at Amazon or from the publisher Open Books, the first book is currently is being carried by Bookbound, Common Language Bookstore, and Crazy Wisdom Bookstore and Tea Room in Ann Arbor, Michigan and by Green Brain Comics in Dearborn, Michigan. My mom Susie Duncan Sexton’s Secrets of an Old Typewriter series is also available on Amazon and at Bookbound and Common Language.
Posted By: Roy Sexton (Reel Roy Reviews) Category: (Dark) Slice-of-Life, Action, Comic Books, Film Review, Home Viewing, Sci Fi Tags: ben grimm, birdman, chronicle, comic books, crash, david cronenberg, dr. doom, fantastic four, fantastic four reboot, fantastic four review, Film, frozen, fruitvale station, house of cards, human torch, invisible woman, jamie bell, john carter, johnny storm, jonah hex, josh trank, julian mcmahon, kate mara, marvel, michael b. jordan, miles teller, movie, mr. fantastic, reed richards, reg e. cathey, Review, super heroes, susan storm, the cw, the lone ranger, the thing, toby kebbell, transformers, turn, victor von doom, whiplash, xanadu
VOL. 2 OUT NOW! Click cover to order from Amazon
Click cover to order...
Book also available at these locations...
Ann Arbor, MI: Bookbound, Common Language, & Crazy Wisdom;
Dearborn, MI: Green Brain Comics;
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Thank you, Columbia City Post & Mail!
Whew! Thank you, Detroit Legal News, Legal Marketing Association, Canton Chamber of Commerce … and Jason Momoa & Cosmopolitan Magazine?! Quite the 24 hours …
Happy New Year karaoke shenanigans: a musical salute to Dreamgirls, Country Girls, and Funny Girls?
“I retain the right to be moved by those little things that nobody notices.” Cats (the movie!), Bombshell, Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, Little Women (2019), The House with a Clock in Its Walls, The Man Who Invented Christmas, Where’d You Go Bernadette?
From BroadwayWorld: ‘Live From The Starlight Lounge’ Will Benefit The American Cancer Society Relay For Life, February 5
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Honesty & Faith: my experience of life as a Christian with a Motor Neurone Disorder.
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Valē
Published February 17, 2013 Uncategorized 1 Comment
At about the same time that I was writing my previous Sunday post, my brother was dying.
At the top of this page is a picture from the outback. Just to right of centre you can see an old iron-clad hut which is the only remaining structure from the Mission era of Warburton Ranges. Much of our brief friendship happened right there in the “Share-A-Din”; as it is known amongst the Christian workers that share it’s often noisy welcome. Sometimes we met at his home where I would wait at the gate to be welcomed, rather than boldly knocking on the door itself as we do ‘over east’. The discussion often rose from a verse in his ever-present bible, which would lead to other passages that we read aloud in Ngaanyatjarra and English. He was always keen for me to practice his tongue. If we were speaking by phone he would secure my promise to post him the various passages that we had discussed in very large print on account of his failing eyesight. Occasionally we drove to a couple of fenced off acres a short way out of town which were his pride and joy. We would first sit in silent awe outside the gate, and then begin a guided tour – with historical commentary – past a couple of tidy houses, some camels, a donkey perhaps, and bough-sheds that were perpetually under construction for future Christian Conventions that were a part of Livingston’s grand vision. Once we squatted down on tiny concrete slabs in the red sand, all laid out in neat rows under a burning sun, like cheese-toast in a griller. These had been the floors of corrugated iron huts, one per family, in a former colonial era. Not for the first time my friend wept openly as he told me about the suffering of his people. Then we might sit under the welcome shade of a peppercorn tree …and sing. Livingston always led (always, in everything!), and I would follow along in a hymn, a gospel song or two, sometimes in English, sometimes not; and even the odd country and western number. Then came a rambling, deep and humorous conversation that covered all manner of topics but returned to shared joys and concerns in our respective families and churches. And then we would pray. And sing, perhaps; and pray. I think that my status as a grandfather (at only 47!) was just as vital to these exchanges as my credential as a fellow pastor.
We had know each other in the early ‘80s when I lived in Warburton, an isolated Western Desert community roughly half way between Alice Springs and Kalgoorlie, but our friendship proper did not begin until we met in the same isolated settlement in mid 2008. I had returned to Warburton with one of my daughters and some close friends to witness the dedication of Mama Kuurrku Wangka (‘Father God’s Word’, or the Ngaanyatjarra Bible); and to farewell two friends who had made the translation of the Bible their life’s work and were retiring to Alice Springs. The Livingston we met was very changed from the rough and ready young man we remembered; and had become a senior leader in church and community. I had grown up too, and Livingston would introduce me to others with a thespian retelling of my history as the young fellow who had worked with (or perhaps for) his father in the Community Store so many years ago; the very same boy that his father used to speak of, Livingston claimed, “as a son”.
The last time we met was Easter in 2010 when I spent three weeks in the ‘Share-A-Din’ and we journeyed together to an Easter Convention. Back then I was still travelling light, with a manual wheelchair, a backpack and a pair of sticks. I remember the wheelchair was somewhat confronting for Livingston. He made quite a joke about pushing a white fellow around, and the more people we came across the bigger the joke got! On my final morning in Warburton Livingstone arrived at the Share-A-Din puffing and rushing, with only half an hour to spare before the flight. He had been away on funeral business, and I had thought I might not see him again. But he had returned, and there was just time for a cup of tea, and some talk, and – as always – prayer. At the last he stood up, with the wide grin of a person about to giggle at their own joke,
“Next time I see you”, he said, laughing, “we’ll have a cup of tea in glory; we’ll be having a cup of tea at the Heavenly Banquet!”
I was taken aback! But in the next moment I reckoned that he was right: this really was goodbye for us. I trusted him to know this, just as I had come to trust his knowing about many things. Livingstone was something of a rascal; he was never a man to retire in the crowd. He was strong willed and proud; and he well knew the power of his family name and the position of influence he commanded. But in his mid-life experience of a radical conversion to Christ he had seen something so true, so good, and so bright, that whenever he spoke of it I was convinced.
Livingstone, with his wife Connie, in the ‘Share-A-Din’ 2010.
On a second visit to Warburton later in 2008 I made a pledge. This was not a passing undertaking; it was the earnest outcome of prayerful deliberation with my wife after returning home from the Bible dedication. My enduring promise to Livingstone – if he would accept it – was that I would support the Ngaanyatjarra church in whatever way I could; by visiting, by praying, by building bonds of friendship between our church ‘over east’ and his church in the far west.
“They raise their voices, they shout for joy;
from the west they acclaim the Lord’s majesty.
Therefore in the east give glory to the Lord.” Isaiah 24.
If you can believe it, I pledged my life to this. I didn’t know then that within three months I would have picked up a walking stick; or that on my return to Warburton in 2009 I would be using a pair of them; or that my final trip would be made in 2010 by wheelchair. How often have I pondered that pledge, and the calling I followed in making it, and the frailty of my fulfilment? Sometimes it feels like a cruel joke; a pointless and hopeless enterprise. But that is merely a human perspective, and I hear Livingstone’s voice laughing it away, and, in the same breath offering his oft-stated resolution; earnest and solemn,
“We’re going all the way brother; we’re following Him, you know? All the way”.
I wrote about my friend before visiting in 2010:
A Ngaanyatjarra Man
and recounted and impossibly moving story he told:
Other posts written from the Desert are:
Being and Doing – one of my favourites,
Kurta, Yirringkarra-rni!
Dumbstruck.
1 Response to “Valē”
1 norma chalmers March 1, 2013 at 1:39 pm
Loved this story of your friend.Will you ever visit there again Rod.Bless you.Norma
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1 Gallo, Maria Luciana
1 Humphreys, Jere T.
1 Landschoot, Thomas
1 Norton, Kay
1 Rotaru, Catalin
String Players
1 Biomechanics
1 Health education
1 Musculoskeletal
1 Musicians
1 Posture
Pilates and String Musicians: An Exploration of the Issues Addressed by the Pilates Method, an Illustrated Guide to Adapted Exercises, and a Pilates Course for University String Players
String players have been identified as the most affected group of instrumentalists suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, and most of the problems are related to posture. The high prevalence of injuries among string players suggests that there is room in the music curriculum for a program tailored to this population and that can provide both immediate and long-term solutions. Pilates is a mind-body conditioning method of exercises and a philosophy that shares many similarities with string playing technique and performance, which suggests that its practice can be beneficial to improve not only the posture of string players but also various other …
Gallo, Maria Luciana, Norton, Kay, Landschoot, Thomas, et al.
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Global Ocean Genome Project
AuthorAranda, Manuel (1)Berumen, Michael L. (1)
DiBattista, Joseph (1)
Piatek, Marek J. (1)Saenz Agudelo, Pablo (1)View MoreDepartmentBiological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division (1)
Bioscience Program (1)
Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) (1)Marine Science Program (1)Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) (1)JournalMolecular Ecology Resources (1)KAUST Grant NumberCRG-1-2012-BER-002 (1)Publisher
Aquarium trade (1)
Bony fish (1)
Endemism (1)
View MoreType
Year (Issue Date)2016 (1)Item AvailabilityMetadata Only (1)
Draft genome of an iconic Red Sea reef fish, the blacktail butterflyfish (Chaetodon austriacus): current status and its characteristics
DiBattista, Joseph; Wang, Xin; Saenz Agudelo, Pablo; Piatek, Marek J.; Aranda, Manuel; Berumen, Michael L. (Molecular Ecology Resources, Wiley, 2016-08-29) [Article]
Butterflyfish are among the most iconic of the coral reef fishes and represent a model system to study general questions of biogeography, evolution and population genetics. We assembled and annotated the genome sequence of the blacktail butterflyfish (Chaetodon austriacus), an Arabian region endemic species that is reliant on coral reefs for food and shelter. Using available bony fish (superclass Osteichthyes) genomes as a reference, a total of 28 926 high-quality protein-coding genes were predicted from 13 967 assembled scaffolds. The quality and completeness of the draft genome of C. austriacus suggest that it has the potential to serve as a resource for studies on the co-evolution of reef fish adaptations to the unique Red Sea environment, as well as a comparison of gene sequences between closely related congeneric species of butterflyfish distributed more broadly across the tropical Indo-Pacific. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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HomePublicationsTest-retest reliability and effects of repeated testing and ...
Test-retest reliability and effects of repeated testing and satiety on performance of an Emotional Test Battery
Suzanne Higgs
Colin Trevor Dourish
The P1vital® Oxford Emotional Test Battery (ETB) comprises five computerized tasks designed to assess cognition and emotional processing in human participants. It has been used in between-subjects experimental designs; however, it is unclear whether the battery can be used in crossover designs. This is of particular importance given the increasing use of ETB tasks for repeated assessment of depressed patients in clinical trials and clinical practice. In addition, although satiety state has been reported to affect performance on some cognitive and emotional tasks, it is not known whether it can influence performance on the ETB. Two studies explored these issues. In Experiment 1, 30 healthy women were tested on the ETB on 4 separate occasions (each a week apart) in a within-subjects design. In Experiment 2, another 30 healthy women were randomized to either a satiated or a hungry condition, where they were given an ad libitum lunch of cheese sandwiches, before (satiated) or after (hungry) they were asked to complete the ETB. Experiment 1 demonstrated good test-retest reliability for the ETB. One of the tasks was free from practice effects, whilst performance on the other four tasks stabilized after the first two sessions. In Experiment 2, eating to satiety only affected performance on a single ETB task. These results suggest that the ETB can be used in crossover designs after two initial training sessions. Further, as a robust satiety manipulation had only a limited effect on a single ETB task, it is unlikely that appetitive state will confound ETB performance.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Emotional Test Battery, ETB, practice effects, satiety, crossover design
Thomas_et_al_Test-retest_reliability_Journal_Clinical_Experimental_Neuropsychology_2015
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Show licence
The relationship between social identity, descriptive social norms and eating intentions and behaviors
Jason Thomas & Suzanne Higgs, 1 May 2019, In : Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 82, p. 217-230 14 p.
Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat
Suzanne Higgs, Dec 2019, In : European Neuropsychopharmacology. 29, 12, p. 1321-1332 12 p.
Effects of eating with an augmented fork with vibrotactile feedback on eating rate and body weight: a randomized controlled trial
Suzanne Higgs, 22 Oct 2019, In : The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity . 16, 1, p. 90
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Posts Tagged ‘Ubuntu SDK’
Winners of the 2013 Ubuntu App Showdown
Posted: October 24, 2013 in Tech Updates
Tags: 2013 Ubuntu App Showdown, App Store (iOS), Application programming interface, Apps, Brad Wells, Brian Robles, Giulio Collura, Harmattan, judging, Karma Machine, Linux, Meego, mobile OS, Nokia, Nokia’s, operating system, Original Apps, Ported Apps, QML, Reddit, Saucy Bacon, Snake, Ubuntu, Ubuntu SDK
The judging is finished and the scores are in, we now have the winners of this year’s Ubuntu App Showdown! Over the course of six weeks, and using a beta release of the new Ubuntu SDK, our community of app developers were able to put together a number of stunningly beautiful, useful, and often highly entertaining apps.
We had everything from games to productivity tools submitted to the competition, written in QML, C++ and HTML5. Some were ports of apps that already existed on other platforms, but the vast majority were original apps created specifically for the Ubuntu platform. Best of all, these apps are all available to download and install from the new Click store on Ubuntu phones and tablets, so if you have a Nexus device or one with a community image of Ubuntu, you can try these and many more for yourself. Now, on to the winners!
Karma Machine (Original Apps)
Machine is wonderful app for browsing Reddit, and what geek wouldn’t want a good Reddit app? Developed by Brian Robles, Karma Machine has nearly everything you could want in a Reddit app, and takes advantage of touch gestures to make it easy to upvote and downvote both articles and comments. It even supports user accounts so you can see your favorite subreddits easily. On top of it’s functionality, Karma Machine is also visually appealing, with a good mix of animations, overlays and overall use of colors and layouts. It is simply one of the best Reddit clients on any platform (having written my own Reddit client, that’s saying something!), and having it as an original Ubuntu app makes it a valuable addition to our ecosystem. With all that, it’s little wonder that Karma Machine was tied for the top spot on the judges list!
Saucy Bacon (Original Apps)
Something for the foodies among us, Saucy Bacon is a great way to find and manage recipes for your favorite dish. Backed by food2fork.com, this app lets you search for recipes from all over the web. You can save them for future reference, and mark your favorites for easy access over and over again. And since any serious cook is going to modify a recipe to their own tastes, Saucy Bacon even lets you edit recipes downloaded from somewhere else. You can of course add your own unique recipe to the database as well. It even lets you add photos to the recipe card directly from the camera, showing off some nice integration with the Ubuntu SDK’s sensor APIs and hardware capabilities. All of this mouth-watering goodness secured developer Giulio Collura’s Saucy Bacon app a tie for the #1 stop for original Ubuntu apps in our contest.
Snake (Ported Apps)
The game Snake has taken many forms on many platforms throughout the years. It’s combination of simple rules and every-increasing difficulty has made it a popular way to kill time for decades. Developer Brad Wells has taken this classic game from Nokia’s discontinued Meego/Harmattan mobile OS, which used a slightly older version of Qt for app development, and updated it to work on Ubuntu using the Ubuntu SDK components. Meego had a large number of high quality apps written for it back in it’s day, and this game proves that Ubuntu for phones and tablets can give those apps a new lease on life.
Go and get them all!
The 2013 Ubuntu App Showdown was an opportunity for us to put the new Ubuntu SDK beta through some real-world testing, and kick off a new app ecosystem for Ubuntu. During the course of these six weeks we’ve received great feedback from our developer community, worked out a large number of bugs in the SDK, and added or plan to add many new features to our platform.
In addition to being some of the first users of the Ubuntu SDK, the app developers were also among the first to use the new Click packaging format and tools as well as the new app upload process that we’ve been working on to reduce review times and ease the process of publishing apps. The fact that all of the submitted apps have already been published in the new app store is a huge testament to the success of that work, and to the engineers involved in designing and delivering it.Once again congratulations to Brian Robles, Giulio Collura and Brad Wells, and a big thank you to everybody who participated or helped those who participated, and all of the engineers who have worked on building the Ubuntu SDK, Click tools and app store. And if you have a supported device, you should try out the latest Ubuntu images, and try these and the many other apps already available for it. And if you’re an app developer, or want to become an app developer, now is your time to get started with the Ubuntu SDK!
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realedreform.com
Education reform must empower the people, not protect the power.
This is the how and why
October 15, 2017 October 15, 2017 ~ dmaxmj
Lloyd Blankfein testifies that he deserves every damn penny
Goldman Sachs pays him for screwing investors.
(This is from 2013) The current attack on public schools had its beginnings in the financial crisis of 2008. At that time the blame for the economic woes of the nation had appropriately been pinned on the financial games and the players within the investment community. Everybody knew whose fault it was and that the people to blame had made out very well at the country’s expense. There were congressional hearings, the country was hopping mad, and it was about time-thank you very much.
Unfortunately, the tone of the game players was not apologetic, in fact it was dismissive. You got the feeling watching that they felt put out by this congressional hearing silliness, and that the way they do business is the industry standard…a “ya pays yer money and ya takes yer chances” midway challenge. Little time was spent dealing with the fact that as industry insiders, the heads of big banks and finance industry insiders had not only been instrumental in designing the rules to be almost impossible to understand, they had designed it so they would win even when their customers and the economy lost.
So we all lost. “Too big to fail” meant incredible amounts of taxpayer money went to bail out and prop up the institutions that had already abused their position and our trust. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008) authorized the U.S, Treasury to spend up to $700 billion to buy up distressed assets from financial institutions that found themselves heavily leveraged in a failing market. Those funds were then redirected to inject capital directly into those institutions. Finding themselves flush with taxpayer cash one of the first things they did was pay out executive bonuses. (Los Angeles Times, July 2010)
(A couple tidbits from that L.A. Times story):
The Obama administration’s pay czar on Friday came to the same conclusion about fat Wall Street bonuses that average Americans have already reached: There’s no logic behind them, except greed.
There’s simply no justification for multimillion-dollar bonuses that are paid out to people who were irresponsible,” said Rep. Peter Welch (D-Vt.), who this year proposed legislation levying a tax on bonuses of more than $50,000 at TARP recipients. The money would be used to increase loans for small businesses.
But this criticism and attention (and outrage?) dissipated quickly. When the occasional hard question about incredible salaries and bonuses paid to top executives in the financial sector arose, the response had something to do with the necessity to pay competitively in those fields to attract talent.
A good question would be talent to do what?
“The anger at these corporate subsidies was justified because breaks like these are a symbol of a budget process designed to shift money and power to people who already have too much of it”
Ironically, public workers during this time came under attack for their salaries, benefits and pensions. It was the only move that could be made when it had become clear that policy makers were either unable/unwilling to address, or culpable in the abuses of our economy. Someone had to fry, and public workers with the pensions that were not only an obligation-a debt to be paid, but a source of play-money were a strategically smart target. And this is one of the most vital things to keep in mind:
As average Americans struggle more and more financially, a very purposeful effort has been made to avoid contrasting the wages and benefits of public employees with the segment of the upper class that controls an astronomical amount of wealth, continues to see its fortunes grow, and controls policy. Instead, the powerful have used the media to make the comparison between public workers and the “average American worker” who has struggled with stagnant or declining wages on an economic playing field tilted towards the wealthy. For the wealthiest, fostering resentment and suspicion between the classes below them has been their solution to the potential danger that those citizens might unite with an agenda of social justice and equity.
Our Present Situation
The promise of “hope and change” that we had been sold by candidate Obama has vanished in swirl of bailouts and an assault on public workers. Suddenly the public is responsible for repairing the damage done by the irresponsible behaviors within the banking, mortgage and investment community. The loss of jobs; the loss of value in our homes; the difficulty in securing financing for the simple projects or possessions that the average American hopes for: a new car; a home equity loan or refinancing… Portraying public workers and public schools as the significant economic burden worked as a blame shift away from the true culprits while the myths of investors and job creators went only briefly examined. Time and time again politicians called for that “shared sacrifice” in these trying economic times-but they weren’t usually speaking to the top 1-2 percent. They were signaling to everyone else that they would need to tighten their belts.
Shared sacrifice, really?
These calls for shared sacrifice, criticisms of public workers pay, doomsday prophecies regarding social security…all have been echoed repeatedly by news pundits with little real connection to the majority of citizens already victimized-now being told they should accept being further disrespected.
And more often than not, the word “unions” is attached to the narrative as if it is at best a quaint but outdated concept-at worst a parasitic scourge and job-killer. Even gentler assessments of unions and their purpose miss the point.
“The struggle between teacher’s unions and conservative think tanks to influence educational policy is clearly a key battleground in the context of school reform.” (Neoliberalism in the classroom: The political economy of school reform in the United States)
It isn’t about influencing “educational policy”.
In the same way that teachers and schools are supposed to be apolitical in the way they deliver an education and support learners inside the school and the school day, politicians should refrain from assuming an understanding of the job of teaching that they have not earned. It’s about professional autonomy and the difference between a mission statement for teaching that we can all agree on, and one that is either loudly ill-defined or silently shameful.
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Medication name
European prescription medicines info
Home / A / Aloxi
Aloxi (palonosetron hydrochloride) - A04AA05
Medication name Aloxi
ATC Code A04AA05
Substance palonosetron hydrochloride
Manufacturer Helsinn Birex Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Aloxi: Summary of product characteristics
Aloxi: Conditions or restrictions regarding supply and use
Aloxi: Labelling
Aloxi: Package leaflet
What is Aloxi?
How is Aloxi used?
How does Aloxi work?
How has Aloxi been studied?
What benefit has Aloxi shown during the studies?
What is the risk associated with Aloxi?
Why has Aloxi been approved?
What measures are being taken to ensure the safe and effective use of Aloxi?
This is a summary of the European public assessment report (EPAR) for Aloxi. It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the medicine to reach its opinion in favour of granting a marketing authorisation and its recommendations on the conditions of use for Aloxi.
Aloxi is a medicine that contains the active substance palonosetron. It is available as a solution for injection (250 micrograms in 5 ml) and as capsules (500 micrograms).
What is Aloxi used for?
Aloxi is used to prevent nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines to treat cancer). The solution for injection is used in adults and children 1 month of age or older for chemotherapy with medicines that are either a strong trigger of nausea and vomiting (such as cisplatin) or a moderate trigger (such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin or carboplatin). The capsules are only used in adults for chemotherapy that is a moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting in adults.
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription.
Aloxi should only be given before chemotherapy. The solution for injection should be given by a healthcare professional about 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. In adults, the solution should be injected into a vein over 30 seconds at a dose of 250 micrograms. It may be made more effective by the addition of a corticosteroid (a type of medicine that can be used to prevent nausea and vomiting). In children, the solution should be given by infusion (drip) into a vein over 15 minutes at a dose of 20 micrograms per kilogram body weight.
In adults, if the capsules are used, the patient should take one capsule one hour before the start of chemotherapy.
Prescription drugs listed. Substance: "Palonosetron hydrochloride"
Palonosetron hospira - palonosetron hydrochloride
Akynzeo - netupitant / palonosetron hydrochloride
For more information, see the package leaflet.
The active substance in Aloxi, palonosetron, is a ‘5HT3 antagonist’. This means that it stops a chemical in the body called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT, also known as serotonin) from attaching to 5HT3 receptors in the gut. When 5HT attaches to these receptors, it normally causes nausea and vomiting. By blocking these receptors, Aloxi prevents the nausea and vomiting that often happen after chemotherapy.
Aloxi solution for injection has been studied in three main studies involving 1,842 adults receiving chemotherapy that was a strong or a moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting. Aloxi, given at two different doses, was compared with ondansetron and dolasetron (other medicines of the same type).
Aloxi solution for injection has also been investigated in one study involving 502 children receiving chemotherapy that was a strong or a moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting, where Aloxi was compared with ondansetron.
A further study compared three doses of Aloxi capsules (250, 500 and 750 micrograms) with the solution for injection in 651 adults receiving chemotherapy that was a moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting.
All of the studies measured the number of patients who did not vomit after receiving chemotherapy.
Aloxi solution for injection was as effective as the comparator medicines. With chemotherapy that was a strong trigger of nausea and vomiting, 59% of the adults receiving Aloxi did not vomit in the 24 hours after chemotherapy (132 out of 223), compared with 57% of the patients receiving ondansetron (126 out of 221). With chemotherapy that was a moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting, 81% of the adults receiving Aloxi did not vomit in the 24 hours after chemotherapy (153 out of 189) compared with 69% of those receiving ondansetron (127 out of 185). When it was compared with dolasetron, these values were 63% for Aloxi (119 patients out of 189) and 53% for dolasetron (101 patients out of 191).
In the study in children receiving chemotherapy that was a strong or moderate trigger of nausea and vomiting, 59% of the children receiving Aloxi solution for injection at a dose of 20 micrograms/kilogram did not vomit in the 24 hours after chemotherapy (98 out of 165), which was the same percentage as seen in patients receiving ondansetron (95 out of 162).
Prescription drugs listed. ATC Code: "A04AA05"
Palonosetron accord - A04AA05
Palonosetron hospira - A04AA05
In the study looking at Aloxi capsules, all three doses of Aloxi were as effective as the solution for injection over 24 hours, with around three-quarters of the patients not vomiting. However, only the 500 microgram dose remained as effective as the solution for injection over the first five days after chemotherapy: around 59% of the patients receiving the 500 microgram capsule or the injection did not vomit during this period.
The most common side effect with Aloxi (seen in between 1 and 10 patients in 100) is headache. With the solution for injection, dizziness, constipation and diarrhoea are also seen in between 1 and 10 adults in 100. For the full list of all side effects and restrictions with Aloxi, see the package leaflet.
The CHMP decided that the benefits of Aloxi are greater than its risks and recommended that it be given marketing authorisation.
A risk management plan has been developed to ensure that Aloxi is used as safely as possible. Based on this plan, safety information has been included in the summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet for Aloxi, including the appropriate precautions to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients.
Other information about Aloxi
The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Aloxi on 22 March 2005.
The full EPAR for Aloxi can be found on the Agency’s website: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/European Public Assessment Reports. For more information about treatment with Aloxi, read the package leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Prescription drugs listed:
Lonsurf
Xeristar
Methylthioninium chloride proveblue
Olumiant
Opsumit
This summary was last updated in 02-2015.
prescription drugs listed
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Retrocomputing Meta
Retrocomputing Beta
Hot answers tagged game-consoles
Why weren't discrete x86 CPUs ever used in game hardware?
Video game hardware, whether for home consoles or arcade machines, is designed pretty much from scratch. Hardware designers have pretty much free rein on choosing what CPU to use, basing their choice on factors like cost and ease of programming. The Intel 8086, quite frankly, was a poorly designed processor and was never well regarded. While you could ...
hardware gaming arcade x86 game-consoles
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What was the effect of the Video Game Crash of 1983 outside of North America?
The very same article you link says in German Wikipedia (rough translation): At the time of the North American crash the European market was strongly dominated by games for home computers, thus the crash had next to no consequences. My memory completely agrees with that - There was no such thing as a Video Game (console) hype, so as such nothing that ...
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Does switching on an old games console without a cartridge damage it?
In general, no. Cartridges from the first few generations were really only breakouts for ROM chips and thus were mostly a collection of address and data lines with a +5V and GND at minimum and perhaps a few others. In the case of the Intellivision, it also had SYNC, serial lines and a video passthrough (to support IntelliVoice, Atari 2600 module, etc.). The ...
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What was the first console to have temporary backward compatibility?
The Mega Drive/Genesis is the obvious answer, but I can also make a case for the earlier Master System. Initial models were fully compatible with Sega's prior console, the somewhat obscure SG-1000. However, with the removal of the card slot and expansion port in later revisions this was severely eroded. Some games on cartridges may still work, but anything ...
history game-consoles backward-compatibility
Matthew Barber
What was the first games console to support linking consoles together for local multiplayer?
The original PlayStation supported a link cable much like the Gameboy's out of the box via its serial port; e.g. you can see that European launch title, Wipeout, supported it by inspecting the row of features starting near the bottom left of the back of the box: It is a passive cable, and became available in 1995. If you'll allow intelligent peripherals ...
game-consoles
A prime example is Atari burying thousands of unsold game cartridges in landfill. Well, that may have had its source with hubris over overestimated sales numbers (and licensing fees), in combination with less than desirable conversions regarding quality (Pac-Man) or story (Raiders of the Lost Ark) or combinations of both (ET). However the effect on ...
Raffzahn
Term “console” in game consoles
A console is a piece of furniture. Originally only meant to describe a kind of writing desk to stand up to, usually with a tilted surface. In technology it got used to describe control boards, which often looked alike in the early days. In general usage it describes today a self supported furniture (standing on the floor), meant to hold other items on top ...
When did game consoles begin including FPUs?
The first major console to incorporate an IEEE 754 floating point unit would be the N64. The main use of them in games is for the mathematical operations involved when transforming in-game 3D objects into 2D shapes for rendering on the display. An important secondary use is for games that have physics engines. Previous consoles typically did this by means ...
history hardware floating-point game-consoles
The use of the term "console" in reference to home video game systems arose because of the association of these systems with TV's in the U.S. At the time these systems were gaining popular acceptance in the 1980s, most U.S. homes had a single main/larger TV that existed as a piece of furniture in the Living Room or Family Room. These were commonly referred ...
Brian H
What was the difference between a Games Console and a Home Computer?
There's no single commonly-accepted definition; the dividing line has shifted over time. In 1977 when the Apple II, PET and TRS-80 collectively invented home computing the difference was pretty obvious: the computers had the ability to display good-quality text, and provided a textual interface. That codified into a home computer having a keyboard and ...
Source Code Archival in early Game Developement
There is some anecdotal evidence that often there was no real source control or archival system in place, just ad-hoc backups. For example, a number of machines from 90s developers have been recovered recently, particularly Amigas. One belonging to Psygnosis and one belonging to Team 17 have surfaced. No evidence of any version control or systematic backups ...
software-development game-consoles
The Mega Drive 1 and 2 can run Master System software via the Powerbase Converter. Neither the Nomad (the portable Mega Drive) nor the Mega Drive 3 are capable of doing so without further internal modification. I therefore posit the Mega Drive.
How good a Cray could be as a video game console? [closed]
The Cray you're describing there is nothing but a block of pure processing power. You're not describing any sort of input or output, so the question is very vague. You could put any sort of rendering front-end onto a generic computer like that: Older 8-bit home micros could have bitmap modes, or tile modes with sprites, or some combination of these, making ...
game-consoles cray
Konix Multisystem: 6 MHz 8086 (1989). Sure, it was cancelled just before release, but it got amazing press (I remember Jeff Minter raving about it at Earls Court) and some of it lived on as the (68k based) Atari Jaguar.
scruss
The question is a bit unclear on what is considered local. Edit: Tommy's good answer included the Jaguar and JagLink which may be the right 'first' here. Something I forgot even though I had one back then - including JagLink and DOOM. Except and unlike implied, the JagLink box doesn't change communication in any way like a LAN adaptor. Any right wired ...
The Master System was the first really successful console in Europe; this was quite a while after 1983. Prior to that, video gaming was almost exclusively performed on home computers. Prior to 1983 the big names in Europe were luminaries such as Sinclair, Commodore, Acorn and Thomson. All of those companies survived into 1984, and the market even grew from ...
The original 8086 was quickly overshadowed by the Z80, which was somewhat compatible but easier to work with as it required less support hardware. Also many arcade developers preferred the 6502 and derivatives, and then later the 68000 which was easier to work with on both the hardware and software fronts. Another issue was that the development machines ...
The original Xbox was an ~$800 computer sold at a loss, with embedded hardware making it impossible to use it as such. To my knowledge, Microsoft was the first company to take that gamble: that it couldn't be hacked and used as a home PC, and therefore negate the sales of their peripherals or software that they get kickbacks on. They took that gamble because ...
Mazura
The main difference is that games consoles only run games, not productivity software or a visible operating system. For example, compare the Commodore 64 and C64GS, the latter being a dedicated games console. The keyboard was removed, the BASIC interpreter largely hidden (and useless due to the lack of a keyboard anyway) and games booted directly from ...
An early example is the 1994 game Zero Tolerance for the SEGA Mega Drive / Genesis, which allowed for local multiplayer with two systems and two TV sets connecting both machines with a link cable. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Tolerance_(video_game)
César González Segura
The documentation for the 6502 processor says nothing about what will happen if it attempts to execute opcodes beyond those defined by MOS Technologies. Among other things, the designer made no particular effort to ensure that such opcodes wouldn't cause bus-control wires to be pulsed in sequences that would not otherwise occur under any specified ...
The 3DO, launched in 1993, featured a custom FPU. Although the CPU is a standard ARM model, the FPU is a custom design for the system. It pre-dates the Nintendo 64 by 3 years.
Probably the Nintendo 64 was the first home console to use floating point math for its inner calculations, thanks to the graphics chipset provided by SGI. Other game consoles from its time, such as the Sony PlayStation, the SEGA Saturn, the Atari Jaguar or the Panasonic 3DO made use of integer fixed-point math exclusively. From this point on, basically all ...
I've recently done some research on the Magnavox Odyssey, the world's first video game console, and it appears that the term "console" was never used for it during development or when it was brought to market in 1972. Looking at the early marketing materials, it appears to have first been seen by the public on the TV show What's my Line in a programme ...
Curt J. Sampson
I would be very surprised if a console would cause damage to itself if it's turned on without a cartridge. That's a serious defect! I don't imagine there's any way to tell where this "lie" has come from. My guess is schoolyard scares, just like "you know if you call the police it'll actually recharge your phone battery?" (also a lie, don't do it)
My nephew used to have a Videopac 2000 (if I recall correctly). It worked with cartridges, and we sometimes used to remove cartridges and reinsert it (mostly with just a second or less delay), to see what happens. Sometimes the game got corrupted software-wise which meant for a quite unusual gameplay. We did this so many times, that I can assure the ...
Michel Keijzers
I have no info about the gaming consoles but when I was creating my own HW computing stuff (for different purposes) I did not use Intel CPUs as they require additional ICs just to be able to work (It stuck till today as the PCs have a chipsets on board...). Z80 and or MCUs (even from Intel) was preferred by me as it did not need those and you know fewer ICs ...
The German market for video games and pinball machines had another crash at roughly the same time. From 1983 on, youth protection laws restricted those machines to locations where youth under age 18 had no admission. That pretty much killed all the video games in public places and pushed the sales of home video game consoles and especially the Commodore C64 ...
The recent release of the stack of Infocom source code is more the norm than not. Simply, backups of source code stored someplace rather than a formal source code version system. Part of the issue was that teams were very small. A great boon of VCS (version control systems) is the share of code among team members. The larger the team, the more the necessity ...
No. This was no more than an expected user error at the time. In fact some versions of the Master System (and I believe the Genesis) had an inbuilt game that would launch when you power on the console without a game inserted, and the GBA initiated a network reciever (for simgle-cart multiplayer games). The way a console would typically boot up, it would try ...
game-consoles × 12
arcade × 2
gaming × 1
nintendo × 1
power × 1
floating-point × 1
x86 × 1
cray × 1
backward-compatibility × 1
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KidsHealth /
/ Indoor Tanning
Reviewed by: Patrice Hyde, MD
Indoor Tanning vs. Sunlight
The sun's rays contain two types of ultraviolet radiation that affect your skin: UVA and UVB. UVB radiation burns the upper layers of skin (the epidermis), causing sunburns. UVA radiation penetrates to the deeper layers of the epidermis, where it triggers cells called melanocytes (pronounced: mel-AN-oh-sites) to produce melanin. Melanin is the brown pigment that causes tanning.
Both UVA and UVB rays contribute to skin aging. Both types also can cause potentially cancerous changes in your cells' DNA. And, according to a recent study, radiation from just 10 indoor-tanning sessions in 2 weeks can suppress a person's cancer-fighting immune system.
Tanning beds use UVA light, which penetrates the skin more deeply than UVB rays. So tanning beds can cause just as much — if not more — damage as the sun. Plus, the concentration of UVA rays from a tanning bed is greater than the amount of UVA rays a person gets from the sun. And despite manufacturer claims, some tanning lamps do also emit UVB light.
So if you try indoor tanning, you'll absorb far more rays in the long run, significantly age your skin, and put yourself at even greater risk for skin cancer.
What Tanning Salons Don't Tell You
Studies show that users of tanning beds and tanning lamps have much higher risks of basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the two most common types of skin cancer. Doctors also know that young people are more at risk for melanoma, the most serious kind of skin cancer. It used to be that mostly older people got melanoma, but doctors now see more people in their twenties (or even younger) with serious cases of skin cancer.
Don't rely on tanning salons to let you know about the risks of using their product — they're in business to make money, after all. Sometimes employees actually don't know much about the damage tanning beds can do. They mistakenly believe they are safer than the sun, even though they can do as much damage or more.
Laws are changing to protect consumers, but some states are farther along than others when it comes to passing tanning bed laws. In most places, it's up to the salon to watch out for customers and maintain their equipment.
Minimizing Your Risk
People who have tanned in the past already have skin damage — even if they can't see it yet — and need to be very cautious about getting more UV exposure. Everyone (even people who tan easily) should wear sunscreen or sun-protective clothing (or both) while outdoors, and have their skin checked periodically by a dermatologist for suspicious moles or other lesions.
You don't have to go without a sun-bronzed look. The new generation of self-tanners and body makeups offer easy, realistic results at a reasonable price. Just be sure to use a daily sunblock with an SPF of at least 15 when you go outdoors since fake tanners don't protect you against sunburn or sun damage (and some scientists believe that fake tanners might even make skin more susceptible to sun damage).
There's one thing to be cautious about when it comes to self-tanners: It's a good idea to avoid airbrush or spray-on tans. The FDA hasn't approved DHA (the main ingredient in self-tanners) for use internally or on mucous membranes (like the lips). Spray tans may have unknown health risks because people can breathe in the spray, or the tanner may end up on their lips or eye area.
More on this topic for:
Tips for Taking Care of Your Skin
I Got Blisters From a Sunburn. What Should I Do?
Myths About Acne
Permissions Guidelines
Note: All information on TeensHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
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The Roubler application is simple, intuitive, secure and built using the most advanced cloud-computing technology available.
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Bill Moyers: Andrew Bacevich on Washington’s Tacit Consensus
February 23, 2014 · by Rise Up Times · in Militarism, Military Madness · 1 Comment
What words best describe present-day Washington politics? The commonplace answer, endlessly repeated by politicians themselves and media observers alike, is this: dysfunction, gridlock, partisanship and incivility. Yet here’s a far more accurate term: tacit consensus.
Bill Moyers Moyers & Company February 21, 2014
Where Republicans and Democrats disagree, however loudly, matters less than where their views align. Differences entertain. Yet like-mindedness, even if unacknowledged, determines both action and inaction. In the ‘Bill-W.-Obama’ era, a neoliberal consensus defines American politics. In his classic text, The American Political Tradition, the historian Richard Hofstadter identified the parameters of that consensus. It emphasizes, he wrote, “the rights of property, the philosophy of economic individualism, [and] the value of competition.” It assumes “the natural evolution of self-interest and self-assertion … into a beneficent social order.” Grab and get ultimately works for the larger benefit of all. That, at least, is the idea.
President Barack Obama, center, speaks as former Presidents Bill Clinton, left, and George W. Bush, right, listen in the Rose Garden at the White House in Washington in 2010. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
Of course, when Hofstadter published these observations way back in 1948, his subject was not the neoliberalism of our day but an earlier variant — the progressivism that had shaped the American political agenda during the first decades of the 20th century. During the era bookended by the two Roosevelts, Theodore and Franklin, progressives had sought — successfully — to preserve corporate capitalism by curbing its excesses. Attacked by their critics as radicals, TR and FDR were in fact anything but.By 1948, Hofstadter was worried that progressivism had become a spent force, leaving Americans “bereft of a coherent and plausible body of beliefs.” In fact, a revised, more assertive brand of liberalism was already gathering strength. While this new Cold War liberalism differed from pre-World War II progressivism in some respects, protecting the “free enterprise” system remained a top priority. With perceived threats to that system now coming primarily from abroad, exercising global leadership, backed by ample military muscle, now became one of liberalism’s abiding signatures. This modified consensus, superseding progressivism, dominated the American political scene for several decades during the latter half of the 20th century.Although the Cold War has long since ended, this emphasis on an expansive, militarized foreign policy persists. If there’s a fresh element in today’s neoliberal consensus, it’s found in the realm of culture. As neoliberals see it, received norms related to family, gender and sexuality ought to be optional. What Hofstadter in his time described as a “democracy in cupidity rather than a democracy of fraternity” has become in our day a democracy combining cupidity with individual autonomy at the expense of fraternity and self-restraint, all backed by the world’s most powerful, widely deployed and busily employed military establishment.
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To imply that all Americans subscribe to this neoliberal consensus would be misleading, of course. A loosely-organized antiwar movement objects, however ineffectually, to Washington’s penchant for military adventurism.
Are the troops in Afghanistan fighting for our freedom? If so, the package of things they fight for includes the prerogative of dispatching US forces to wherever it pleases Washington to send them, along with no-fault divorce, abortion on demand, gay marriage, and an economic system that manifestly privileges the interests of the affluent at the expense of those hard-pressed to make ends meet. To pretend otherwise, indulging in some sanitized or cliché-laced definition of freedom, is to engage in willful self-deception.Watch: Andrew Bacevich on Changing Our Military Mindset
To imply that all Americans subscribe to this neoliberal consensus would be misleading, of course. A loosely-organized antiwar movement objects, however ineffectually, to Washington’s penchant for military adventurism. Moral traditionalists protest against the casting off of social conventions, again without discernible impact on policy. Risking the charge of engaging in class warfare, groups such as the Occupy Wall Street movement raise a ruckus about the yawning gap between the rich and everyone else. Again, the effects of their efforts appear negligible.
As far as their practical impact is concerned, these dissenters might as well be locked in a soundproof booth. They shout, but are not heard. Hofstadter had anticipated their predicament. “The range of ideas … which practical politicians can conveniently believe in,” he observed, “is normally limited by the climate of opinion that sustains their culture.”
Here we come to the heart of the matter: the climate of opinion. Only politicians who possess an aptitude for interpreting the prevailing climate will succeed in gaining and holding high office. In the political sphere, ideas at variance with that climate are by definition inconvenient. Expedience dictates that they should be ignored.
Whether the precepts informing basic US policy today actually work as advertised – whether the neoliberal consensus keeps us safe, liberates us from archaic and repressive attitudes, and creates conditions conducive to broad prosperity or whether they foster needless wars, moral confusion, and social injustice is an interesting question. That the question deserves more attention than it presently receives is undoubtedly the case. What cannot be argued, however, is that those precepts depart in any significant way from what the prevailing climate of opinion demands.
Andrew Bacevich is a professor of history and international relations at Boston University. A graduate of the US Military Academy, he received his PhD in American diplomatic history from Princeton University. Before joining the faculty of Boston University, he taught at West Point and Johns Hopkins University.
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Tags: American Political Tradition, Andrew Bacevich, barack obama, Bill Moyers, George W. Bush, military mindset, Moyers & Company, Richard Hofstadter
Media for the People!
Walter J Smith · February 28, 2014 - 10:36 pm · Reply→
What Andrew Bacevich didn’t say may matter here as much as what he did say. He is correct that none of those precepts informing the consensus on the failing US contemporary policy/strategy “depart in any significant way from what the prevailing climate of opinion demands.”
Among the important things he didn’t say, consider the overall article, and ask: what, then, is the relevance of all those dissidents and the fact they are ignored soundly and universally?
It is a pattern every good historian is keen on; and no one can dispute Bacevich’s keen historical sense of the present moment in today’s US political culture, and the historical implications of what this culture’s radical failure along with the approaching uniformity of the dissident’s critique of the failing policy/strategy, along with the radical drift absent effective global leadership and many other contemporary details of global politics and the collapse of US leadership: what is this moment pregnant with?
The dissidents smell it in their bones. The deniers long ago abandoned their entire sense of smell. Where Dylan could appropriately sing, “You don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind is blowin'” the casual observer can now with excellent justification ask: why does every single US leader now need an entire army of pollsters, analysts, consultants, and gurus of all sorts to take so much as a trial balloon of a step to see how it will play out with that sophisticated army’s “indicators” and “assessments” and over the foreseeable…what?…next seven seconds of the average political hack’s attention span?
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University > Research portal > Research publications > Three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic vortex equilibria with m...
Three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic vortex equilibria with m−fold symmetry
https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.989
Open Access version in St Andrews Research Repository
Jean Noel Reinaud
We investigate arrays of m three-dimensional, unit Burger number, quasi-geostrophic vortices in mutual equilibrium whose centroids lie on a horizontal circular ring; or m + 1 vortices where the additional vortex lies on the vertical ‘central’ axis passing through the centre of the array. We first analyse the linear stability of circular point vortex arrays. Three distinct categories of vortex arrays are considered. In the first category, the m identical point vortices are equally spaced on a circular ring and no vortex is located on the vertical central axis. In the other two categories, a ‘central’ vortex is added. The latter two categories differ by the sign of the central vortex. We next turn our attention to finite volume vortices for the same three categories. The vortices consist in finite volumes of uniform potential vorticity and the equilibrium vortex arrays have an (imposed) m−fold symmetry. For simplicity all vortices have the same volume and the same potential vorticity, in absolute value. For such finite volume vortex arrays, we determine families of equilibria which are spanned by the ratio of a distance separating the vortices and the array centre to the vortices mean radius. We determine numerically the shape of the equilibria for m = 2 up to m = 7, for each three categories, and we address their linear stability. For the m−vortex circular arrays, all configurations with m ≥ 6 are unstable. Point vortex arrays are linearly stable for m < 6. Finite volume vortices may however be sensitive to instabilities deforming the vortices for m < 6 if the ratio of the distance separating the vortices to their mean radius is smaller than a threshold depending on m. Adding a vortex on the central axis modifies the overall stability properties of the vortex arrays. For m = 2, a central vortex tends to destabilise the vortex array unless the central vortex has opposite sign and is intense. For m > 2, the unstable regime can be obtained if the strength of the central vortex is larger in magnitude than a threshold depending on the number of vortices. This is true whether the central vortex has the same sign as or the opposite sign to the peripheral vortices. A moderate strength like-signed central vortex tends however to stabilise the vortex array when located near the plane containing the array. On the contrary, most of the vortex arrays with an opposite-signed central vortex are unstable.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Published - 25 Mar 2019
Quasi-geostrophic flows, Vortex instability, Vortex interactions
The alignment of two three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic vortices
Reinaud, J. N. & Carton, X., 25 Aug 2019, In : Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. Latest Articles, 33 p.
The stability and nonlinear evolution of quasi-geostrophic toroidal vortices
Reinaud, J. N. & Dritschel, D. G., 25 Mar 2019, In : Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 863, p. 60-78
Entrapping of a vortex pair interacting with a fixed point vortex revisited. II. Finite size vortices and the effect of deformation
Reinaud, J. N., Koshel, K. V. & Ryzhov, E. A., 28 Sep 2018, In : Physics of Fluids. 30, 9, 10 p., 096604.
Entrapping of a vortex pair interacting with a fixed point vortex revisited. I. Point vortices
Koshel, K. V., Reinaud, J. N., Riccardi, G. & Ryzhov, E. A., 28 Sep 2018, In : Physics of Fluids. 30, 9, 096603.
The merger of geophysical vortices at finite Rossby and Froude number
Reinaud, J. N. & Dritschel, D. G., 10 Aug 2018, In : Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 848, p. 388-410 23 p.
Related by journal
Long frontal waves and dynamic scaling in freely evolving equivalent barotropic flow
Burgess, B. H. & Dritschel, D. G., 10 May 2019, In : Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 866, 12 p., R3.
On the regularity of the Green-Naghdi equations for a rotating shallow fluid layer
Dritschel, D. G. & Jalali, M. R., 25 Apr 2019, In : Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 865, p. 100-136
Scale-invariant singularity of the surface quasigeostrophic patch
Scott, R. K. & Dritschel, D. G., 25 Mar 2019, In : Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 863, 12 p., R2.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Journal)
David Gerard Dritschel (Editor)
Activity: Publication peer-review and editorial work types › Editor of research journal
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Avaz Twist Tower
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Omera Stupca 19
Sarajevo Poetry Days
Kranjčevićeva 24
MeetBosnia Off Road Tours
Kranjčevićeva 21 (reservation requied)
Kranjčevićeva bb
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Put života 8
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Type: Venue
Tešanjska 24A, 71000 Sarajevo
Mon - Sun: 09:00 - 23:00
Avaz Twist Tower is the tallest building in Sarajevo and offers a fantastic view of the city.
It was opened in 2009, when it was listed as one of the ten most beautiful buildings in the world by Schuco, the world’s leading producer of glass and aluminum facades.
In addition to its height (175 meters) and the fact that it takes up an impressive 32,000 square meters, the tower is also unique because of its twisted facade and the powerful fieldscopes up on the 36th floor, which provide visitors with a chance to peer into almost every nook and cranny of Sarajevo.
The tower has super fast panoramic elevators, giving visitors an unforgettable experience as they are whisked up 150 meters.
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dzandar
zandar-en
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Brexit: Rise of the gig economy in the UK fuelled decision to leave EU, MPs told
Ben Chapman
The Independent 28 March 2017
a protest by UberEATS workers protest over pay and conditions, outside the company's offices in London, August, 2016: Reuters
Many people voted for Brexit because of a “fourth industrial revolution” that has seen British workers’ rights undermined, MPs were told on Tuesday.
The explosion in the gig economy and part-time agency work since the 2008-9 financial crisis has meant the UK is “hurtling towards casualisation of labour and society has a price to pay,” Tim Roache, general secretary of the GMB union said.
Unemployment dropped this month to equal its lowest level since 1971 but many of those jobs are insecure, leaving increasing numbers of workers without rights such as sick pay or holiday pay.
Speaking to the business, energy and industrial strategy committee, Mr Roache asked: “How can you begin to plan your life? How can you know that you’ll have enough work to put a meal on the table for your kids, to pay the bills, let alone to save for a mortgage or get a roof over your own heads?”
The fear and worry that comes with this caused large numbers of people to vote to leave the EU, he said.
“For some years, workers have felt that their lot is getting worse and worse and worse, and with this drive towards casualisation they feel even more disenfranchised,” Mr Roache said.
"They feel like you as politicians don’t understand their challenges, you don’t look like them, sound like them or have the same life experiences as them.
“So they look for someone to blame. They think: 'If [migrants] weren’t over here, my employer would treat me well like they used to; I’d be able to get to the doctors tomorrow, not next week; My child wouldn’t be in a class of 40'.”
In the same evidence session, Jennifer Hardy, finance director of Transline, the agency that paid Sports Direct workers less than minimum wage, promised to give workers what they are owed.
In August last year, Transline first agreed to pay around £1m in back pay after it emerged it had underpaid agency staff. However, Steve Turner, assistant general secretary of the Unite union, told MPs on Tuesday that Transline has so far failed to fulfil its promise.
Mr Turner said: “Transline have refused to pay the back payment for the non-payment of national minimum wage for the period of employment that employees had before Transline took over the contract. So they are refusing to honour the transfer of undertakings regulations.
“This is a huge issue. This is hundreds and hundreds of pounds for thousands of workers, where Best Connection, the other agency, has honoured the agreement and paid in full. Sports Direct has paid in full. But one agency, Transline, has decided it’s not going to do that.”
The payments are to be backdated to May 2012 and could be worth up to £1,000 for some workers.
The parliamentary evidence session on the future of work comes as pressure continues to mount on companies relying on casual labour.
On Monday, law firm Leigh Day announced it was representing 200 self-employed drivers who work for takeaway courier, Deliveroo. The workers are taking legal action against the company, demanding employment rights including the National Living Wage and holiday pay.
Santander also faced criticism this week after it emerged that it offered some staff a contract guaranteeing just one hour of work per month.
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WOWtv - Zachary Levi Wants Shazam In Another Justice League' Movie
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Napoleon and the Veronese Easter
During Napoleon Bonaparte’s Italian campaign, the inhabitants of Verona revolted against the French forces stationed in the area. The bloody fighting started on April 17, 1797, Easter Monday, thus the rebellion became known as the Pasque Vernesi or Veronese Easter. It ended on April 25, with the capture of the town by French soldiers. The Veronese Easter gave Napoleon the excuse he had been looking for “to efface the Venetian name from the face of the globe.” (1)
The assassination of the French at Verona by J. Duplessi Bertaux. Source: Bibliothèque nationale de France
The uprising
In March 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte – then a relatively unknown French general – was appointed commander of France’s Army of Italy. His orders were to invade northern Italy and occupy Lombardy, an Austrian possession. The French Directory thought this would compel Austria to move troops away from the Rhine, where France was fighting against Austria and its allies in the War of the First Coalition.
In June 1796, Napoleon’s army reached Verona. The town was part of the Republic of Venice, which had proclaimed its neutrality in the war. There was considerable friction between the inhabitants and the French soldiers, who behaved more like occupiers than guests. The devout Veronese opposed France’s Jacobin political ideology. The French fomented a number of incidents on Venetian territory, hoping to engineer the creation of a Jacobin government that would ally with France.
By March 1797, Napoleon was advancing into Austria. He wanted to keep his Italian conquests and had in mind offering Austria a dismembered Venice as compensation for her lost territory. He sent a spy to Verona to meet with the Jacobins there and attempt to overthrow the town’s government. On April 11, the plot was uncovered. Some of the conspirators were arrested.
On the night of April 16, Easter Sunday, a manifesto was pinned up in Verona, inciting the population to rebel against the French and their local collaborators. Though it appeared to be signed by a Veronese, it was actually the work of a French collaborator. The purpose was to provide an excuse for the French to definitively occupy the town. Venetian authorities had the copies taken down and replaced with a new manifesto, urging the population to remain calm. It was too late. On April 17, brawls broke out between French soldiers and the local inhabitants. The French discharged cannons into the crowd. The Veronese responded by raging through the streets, killing, wounding and capturing Frenchmen. As described by one of the French soldiers:
[P]easants, taking advantage of the [Easter] festival, crowded into the town and mixed with the townsfolk and the Slav soldiers who still garrisoned the town, clogging the streets and the squares. Around midday, all of a sudden, upon a signal given by whistle blasts, this mob fell upon the French, attacked our isolated outposts, and massacred the guards. Our sick and wounded, who filled our hospitals, had their throats slashed with daggers. The bodies of the murdered French were thrown into the Adige River. The murderers spared neither women nor children. Some of the French were able to reach the forts we occupied. Others sought shelter in the palace of the Venetian magistrate, who granted them asylum, no doubt to preserve the appearance of neutrality should the assault fail, for he did nothing to stop or calm the insurgents.
Once they were masters of the town, the insurgents assaulted the forts, using cannons in the attack, which proves that the Venetian soldiers were on their side. They captured one of our forts and murdered the garrison. The others repulsed them with a hail of bullets; they fired on the town as well. The general in command at Verona, though surrounded, was still able to warn General Kilmaine and ask for help.
We left for Verona with the Lombard legion. After a battle outside the town against the peasants and the Slavs, we scattered them and, as we pursued them, put them to the sword pitilessly. The town was burned. These Veronese people are as cowardly as they are savage. We entered the town unopposed. Our soldiers were furious. They killed everyone who showed any resistance. They wanted to sack the town. It was only with great difficulty that the pillage was stopped, but it was not possible to save the pawnshop. The magistrate and the Venetian authorities vanished.
The leaders of the revolt who had been captured were shot, and a heavy tax was imposed on Verona. [It amounted to] a month’s pay for the soldiers, plus a horse for the mounted officers. I received my horse, but I never obtained my month’s pay. Probably not everyone lost out. (2)
Napoleon’s secretary Bourrienne happened to pass through Verona the day before the rebellion. He wrote:
I arrived in the Venetian territory at the moment when the insurrection against the French was on the eve of breaking out. Thousands of peasants were instigated to rise under the pretext of appeasing the troubles of Bergamo and Brescia…. Easter Sunday was the day which the ministers of Jesus Christ selected for preaching, ‘that it was lawful and even meritorious to kill Jacobins.’ ‘Death to Frenchmen! Death to Jacobins!’ were their rallying cries. At the time I had not the slightest idea of this state of things. After stopping two hours at Verona, I proceeded on my journey without being aware of the massacre which threatened that city. When about a league from the town, I was however stopped by a party of insurgents, on their way thither, consisting, as I estimated of about two thousand men. They only desired me to cry ‘El viva Sento Marco,’ an order with which I speedily complied and passed on. What would have become of me had I been in Verona on the Monday! On that day the bells were rung, while the French were butchered in the hospitals. Every one met in the streets was put to death. The priests headed the assassins, and more than four hundred Frenchmen were thus sacrificed. The forts held out against the Venetians, though they attacked them with fury; but repossession of the town was not obtained until after ten days. On the very day of the insurrection of Verona, some Frenchmen were assassinated between that city and Vicenza, through which I passed on the day before without danger; and scarcely had I passed through Padua, when I learned that others had been massacred there. Thus the assassinations travelled as rapidly as the post. (3)
Repercussions
Eight of the rebel ringleaders were arrested, tried and put to death by firing squads. Another 50 or so were sent as prisoners to French Guyana. Verona had to pay massive reparations. The town was required to supply France with boots and clothing for 40,000 soldiers, a large amount of money, and a hoard of paintings and sculptures, which were shipped off to Paris. (4)
Napoleon referred to the uprising as the “Sicilian vespers,” referring to a rebellion against medieval French rule in Sicily that had been signalled by the ringing of vesper bells on an Easter Monday. (5) The Veronese Easter and other attacks against the French on Venetian territory gave him the excuse he needed to conquer Venice. Even before Napoleon knew about the Veronese Easter, he had signed (on April 18) the Treaty of Leoben with Austria. This included secret articles that ceded Lombardy to France and divided Venice between France and Austria. Since Venice was still a neutral, independent republic, Napoleon had to find a way to conquer it to fulfil his obligations under the Treaty. He wrote to the Directory on April 30:
I am convinced that the only course to be now taken is to destroy this ferocious and sanguinary government. (6)
Napoleon ranged his heavy artillery around Venice and blockaded the harbour with his warships. On May 12, 1797, the Great Council of Venice voted to dissolve the thousand-year-old republic and surrender the city to Napoleon. Napoleon handed Venice to Austria in the Treaty of Campo Formio, but only after looting the city. Among the many treasures sent to Paris were the four bronze horses of St. Mark’s Basilica (returned to Venice after Napoleon’s 1815 defeat) and The Wedding at Cana by Paolo Veronese, which remains in the Louvre.
The Wedding at Cana by Paolo Veronese, fruit of Napoleon’s looting of Venice after the Veronese Easter
Napoleon’s Looted Art
Napoleon and the Easter Insurrection in Corsica
What did Napoleon say about the Battle of Waterloo?
What if Napoleon won the Battle of Waterloo?
5 Easter Traditions No Longer Practiced
Napoleon in a letter to the Directory, May 3, 1797, quoted in Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Private Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, during the periods of the Directory, the Consulate, and the Empire, Volume 1 (Philadelphia, 1831), p. 58.
Jean-Nicolas-Auguste Noël, Souvenirs militaires d’un officier du premier Empire (1795-1832) (Paris, 1895), pp. 11-12.
Private Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, during the periods of the Directory, the Consulate, and the Empire, Vol. 1, p. 57.
Philip Dwyer, Napoleon: The Path to Power (New Haven & London, 2007), p. 294.
Barry E. O’Meara, Napoleon in Exile; or A Voice from St. Helena, Volume 2 (London, 1822), p. 355.
20 commments on “Napoleon and the Veronese Easter”
I would surmise that the “Private Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, during the periods of the Directory, the Consulate, and the Empire” of 1831 – are likely to be a falsification, of dubious quality. No such work is known to be an official source. Could you give some explanatory comments on this book?
Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne was Napoleon’s childhood friend, from the military academy at Brienne, who later became Napoleon’s private secretary. His multi-volume memoirs of Napoleon – based on the extensive notes and documents Bourrienne supplied to a ghost writer – were first published in 1829. The French historian Jean Tulard (an expert on Napoleon) says that they supply “some useful information.” Napoleon’s letters to the Directory quoted in my post can also be found in Napoleon’s official correspondence (Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, Vol. 3, pp. 13 & 26: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6319350x).
Kevin F. Kiley says:
Bourrienne is an unreliable witness as his ‘memoirs’ were not actually written by Bourrienne himself. A publisher named Ladvocat ‘installed’ Bourrienne in a small room to write his memoirs, but all Bourrienne produced were some notes upon which the first two volumes of his ‘memoirs’ were based. The other eight volumes were ghost-written by Maxime de Villemarest who was ‘a failed diplomat turned journalist.’ Bourrienne died in 1834 in an insane asylum. He was sacked twice by Napoleon for extortion and embezzlement. In 1830 Comte Boulay de La Meurthre headed a group who in the 720 page volume Bopurrienne et ses erreurs pointed out the factual errors in the alleged ‘memoirs.’ Using Bourrienne as a source is ‘iffy’ at best for they are mendacious and definitely are biased against Napoleon. What the ghost-writer didn’t know he made up. And it should be pointed out that de Villemarest was an admirer of Talleyrand (another who was sacked for avarice by Napoleon) and wrote a ‘biography’ of him.
Thanks for these details about Bourrienne’s memoirs, Kevin. There are differences of opinion about how useful his memoirs are; as Tulard says, they cannot be entirely discarded. In any case, of the quotes I have used from Bourrienne in this article, two are from letters that appear in Napoleon’s official correspondence (which was authorized by and edited — favourably to Napoleon — by his nephew Napoleon III), and the third provides a corroboration of other eyewitness accounts of the massacre of the French in Verona. If Bourrienne is mendacious in this case, it may be in overplaying the extent of the violence against the French. The historian Philip Dwyer, for example, believes that the number of French killed was “probably closer to a few dozen” than four hundred.
But the trick when using suspect references is to know what is accurate and what is not. And that is difficult if not impossible with mendacious and suspect memoirs such as Bourrienne’s.
Vincent Cronin has done excellent work evaluating memoirs in an appendix to his biography of Napoleon which is one of the best available.
Further, I don’t put much trust in Dwyer’s work.
For what Napoleon did or didn’t say, it is best to go to his Correspondence to ensure what has been quoted is not taken out of context.
I agree, Kevin, thus the link to the Correspondence above.
Cronin’s biography provides a highly sympathetic view of Napoleon. In the words of Susan Howard, reviewing the book for the Napoleon Series, “Cronin’s system is to produce a rose-tinted picture of events by missing out anything unpleasant…. The use of the primary sources is very selective: I can find passages in Caulaincourt, Gourgaud and Bertrand which contradict the author’s views, yet he includes these as his reliable sources. He also includes Lecestre’s Lettres inedites de Napoleon I — omitted from the original Correspondance because they show the Imperial rule at its worst. One wonders if Cronin actually read them, since they are incompatible with his picture of Napoleon as idealistic and honourable, a heroic figure with just enough flaws to make him human. To talk of ‘blots on the imperial picture’ is the most feeble of understatements when the picture is completely wiped out by reading Napoleon’s own words.” (Full review here: http://www.napoleon-series.org/reviews/biographies/c_cronin.html.)
As for Dwyer’s two-volume biography of Napoleon, Rafe Blaufarb (Director of the Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution at Florida State University’s Department of History) calls it “the gold-standard account of the Napoleonic adventure” (see http://www.historynet.com/mhq-reviews-napoleon-in-power.htm). Reviewing a number of Napoleonic biographies last year, Charles Esdaile (a history professor at the University of Liverpool who specializes in the Napoleonic era) noted that Dwyer’s work “for the time being at least must be judged to remain the standard text” (http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1707).
Mark Anderson says:
Miriam Al Jamil says:
Have never seen a definitive list of what is still in the Louvre after the ‘looting’. Would be interested to know about the process of returning them, and why some work was not included.
Owen Connelly mentions the issue in his book Napoleon’s Satellite Kingdoms and states that many of the so-called ‘looted’ works were legitimately purchased by the French government and still belong to France.
Some that could be considered ‘stolen’ remained in France also as Louis XVIII did not want to offend the French people by returning them.
Alexander I purchased hundreds of works as the allies could not decide in 1814 which works had been legally seized during the course of the wars.
There’s an excellent summary of the Napoleonic art theft and its complicated aftermath in the December 2008 issue of the University of Pennsylvania Law Review: https://www.pennlawreview.com/print/old/Goodwin.pdf (with thanks to Søren Kruse for drawing this article to my attention).
Tom Holmberg says:
Re: Tulard & Villemarest
Nouvelle Bibliographie Critique des Mémoires sur l’Époque Napoléonienne… by Jean Tulard (Droz, 1991):
Publiés en 1829, ces mémoires firent sensation. Ils ont été depuis cette date, constamment utilisés par les historiens de Napoléon, surtout pour la jeunesse de Bonaparte. Ils appellent pourtant de graves réserves. Ils auraient été composés sous le ministère Martignac, après l’élimination de Bourrienne de la vie politique. En réalité, selon Méneval qui connaissait bien Bourrienne, celui-ci victime d’embarras financiers et déjà malade, a simplement consenti ‘ à couvrir de l’authorité de son nom des mémoires à la composition desquels il n’a coopéré que par des notes confuses, incomplètes, pièces que des hommes de lettres furent chargés de mettre en oeuvre ‘. Ces rédacteurs ont dû suppléer à l’insuffisance de ces notes par leurs propres recherches et à l’aide de documents qui leur ont été fournis par l’éditeur Ladvocat. Ainsi la célèbre bataille de boules de neige à Brienne a-t-elle été empruntée, non aux souvenirs de Bourrienne, mais à la traduction française par Bourgoing d’une brochure anonyme anglais, “Quelques notions sur les premières années de Bonaparte.” D’autres emprunts proviennent de Salgues (Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire de France). Certains documents, comme la lettre de Christine (sic) Bonaparte, semblent apocryphes.
L’auteur serait Charles de Villemarest, qui fut attaché au cabinet de Talleyrand. De là les éloges adressés au prince de Bénévent dans le cours des “Mémoires.” La maladie empêche Bourrienne de contrôler les affirmations de Villemarest. Est-ce à celui-ci ou à Bourrienne que l’on doit attribuer les insinuations malveillantes à l’égard de Napoléon et de son entourage?
My rough translation:
Published in 1829, these memoirs created a sensation. Since that time they have been used constantly by the historians of Napoleon, especially for the youth of Bonaparte. They however call for serious reservations. They would have been composed under the Martignac ministry, after the elimination of Bourrienne from political life. Actually, according to Méneval who knew Bourrienne well, this victim of financial embarrassments and already ill, simply agreed ‘to lend the authority of his name to the memoirs, the composition of which he cooperated only by supplying the confused notes, incomplete, that men of letters were hired to use.’ These writers had to compensate for the insufficiency of these notes by their own research and using documents which were provided to them by Ladvocat, the editor. Thus the celebrated battle of the snowballs at Brienne was borrowed, not from the memoirs of Bourrienne, but from the French translation by Bourgoing of an English anonymous pamphlet, “Quelques notions sur les premières années de Bonaparte.” Other borrowings came from Salgues (“Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire de France”). Certain documents, such as the letter of Christine (sic) Bonaparte, seem apocryphal.
The author is Charles de Villemarest, who was attached to the cabinet of Talleyrand. From there arises the praise addressed to Prince de Bénévent [Talleyrand] in the course of these “Mémoires.” His illness prevents Bourrienne from controlling the assertions of Villemarest. Is it with Villemarest or Bourrienne that one must allot the malevolent insinuations with regard to Napoleon and his entourage?
“Villemarest, Charles-Maxime de, 1758-1852, littérateur. Le plus célèbre des ‘teinturiers’, les fabricants de mémoirs de la Revolution, du Consulat et de l’Empire à qui les acteurs de ces années-là, qui ne voulaient ou ne pouvaient écrire eux-mêmes. confièrent de vive voix ou par écrit les éléments de leurs souvenirs. Élève au Prytanée, remarqué par Bonapate, il fut attaché au cabinet de Talleyrand et, en 1813, devint secrétaire du prince Camille Borghèse….Parmi les mémoires qu’il rédigea en partie ou en totalité, certains sont devenus célèbres, aussi intéressants que suspects: ceux de Mlle Avrillon, première femme de chambre de Joséphine, de Constant, premier valet de chambre, et de Bourrienne, secrétaire intime de Napoléon.” From a dictionary of French literature.
“Villemarest, Charles-Maxime de, 1758-1852, literary man. The most famous of the ‘teinturiers’ (colorers?), the manufacturers of mémoirs of the Revolution, the Consulate and the Empire to which the actors of these years, who did not want or could not write themselves entrusted of sharp voice or written the elements of their memories. A student at Prytanée, noticed by Bonaparte, he was attached to the cabinet of Talleyrand and, in 1813, became secretary to Prince Camille Borghèse…. Among the memoirs which he wrote in part or entirely, some became celebrated, as interesting as they are suspect: those of Miss Avrillon, first chambermaid of Joséphine, of Constant, first valet, and Bourrienne, intimate secretary to Napoleon.”
Le plus célèbre des ‘teinturiers’, ces fabricants de mémoires de la Revolution, du Consulat et de l’Empire à qui les acteurs de ces années-là, qui ne voulaient ou ne pouvaient écrire eux-mêmes, confièrent de vive voix ou par écrit les éléments de leurs souvenirs.”
Most famous of the “teinturiers”, these manufacturers of memories of the Revolution, the Consulate and of the Empire to whom the actors of those years, who did not want or could not write themselves, entrusted of sharp voice or written the elements of their memories.
Un fameux littérateur et “teinturier” (1785-1852), auteur – en partie – d’un grand nombre de mémoires d’Empire, diplomate sous le Consulat, secrétaire du prince Borghèse en 1808, et journaliste sous la Restauration. On imagine sans peine à quel point le talentueux et prolifique Villemarest, maintenant fidèle aux Bourbons, s’acharne avec virulence contre la Révolution, sans trop ménager non plus l’empereur Napoléon, son bienfaiteur d’autrefois englouti par l’histoire. C’est justement ce regard “opportuniste” sur un passé récent qui donne tout son prix à ce recueil de “vrais faux souvenirs”.
A famous literary man and “teinturier” (1785-1852), author – partly – of a great number of memories of Empire, diplomat under the Consulate, secretary of prince Borghèse in 1808, and journalist under the Restoration. One imagines without sorrow at what point the talented and prolific Villemarest, now faithful to the Bourbons, is baited with virulence against the Revolution, without sparing either the emperor Napoleon, his benefactor of formerly absorbed by the history. It is precisely this “opportunist ” glance on a recent past which gives all its price to this collection of ” truths false memories “.
A recent book on the topic is Damien Zanone, Écrire son Temps: Les Memoires en France de1815 à 1848. Lyon: PUL, 2006
“Historian Jean Tulard has… observ[ed] that “no period has given impetus to as large a number of memoirs as has the Consulate and Empire.” They began to appear under the next regime, the Restoration (1814–30), and to multiply under the subsequent regime, the July Monarchy (1830–48). Artisanal gave way to industrial production. Publishers hired teinturiers, or “dyers,” who added bright colors to the plain fabric of the narratives furnished by insufficiently literary authors. Sometimes the cloth had to be unraveled and rewoven again a little differently. Sometimes the publishers had to make the fabric for themselves in the first place. Ladvocat created a sort of memoir-factory, turning them out one after another. He employed a teinturier named Villemarest who produced at least three best-sellers, including the memoirs of Bourrienne.” Metzner, Paul. Crescendo of the Virtuoso: Spectacle, Skill, and Self-Promotion in Paris during the Age of Revolution. Univ. of Calif., 1998. P.284
Thanks, Tom. This is very helpful re. Bourrienne’s memoirs. I would also refer those who are interested to Max Sewell’s excellent article entitled “The Truth About Memoires” on the Napoleon Series website, which summarizes the credibility of a number of the Napoleonic era memoirs: http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/eyewitness/c_truth.html.
Susan Howard and I have disagreed over Cronin and other subjects of the period for years. I’ll let that subject be. Suffice it to say that we both have different opinions of Cronin’s work.
John Elting, still the authority on the Grande Armee, thought that Cronin’s biography was useful and very helpful. Cronin was among the first to give a view of Napoleon the man. JC Herold gave an astute viewpoint on Napoleon in his The Mind of Napoleon. Fain’s memoirs are also very helpful and they were written after Napoleon’s death.
Both Dwyer and Esdaile are not admirers of Napoleon and their view is tainted in that direction. Michael Broers, JM Thompson, Andrew Roberts and John Elting have a different perspective and one I believe comes much closer to the mark. Robert Englund’s biography is also excellent.
Perhaps we should have a blog section just for the discussion of those biographies and the attached memoirs? Just an idea…
Thanks for the suggestion, Kevin. The topic of Napoleonic biographies is certainly one on which people have strong opinions, with favourites usually based on how strongly (or not) one admires Napoleon. Cronin and some of the other authors you’ve mentioned are notable admirers of Napoleon, so one might say their view is “tainted” in that direction. I agree Stephen Englund’s biography is excellent. The Napoleonic Wars Forum (http://www.napoleonicwarsforum.com/) provides a great venue for discussion of this and other topics, as does the Napoleon Series Discussion Forum (http://www.napoleon-series.org/cgi-bin/forum/webbbs_config.pl).
Thanks very much for the recommendations but I am already a member of both forums. I have enjoyed your postings on The Napoleonic Wars Forum.
Thanks, Kevin. I was pretty sure you were a member. I was thinking the forums might be of interest for those who might be following our discussion and are wondering where they can go to read more opinions of Napoleonic books and participate in those discussions.
Randy Ford says:
Very interesting, Shannon, thanks for the insight from all posters too.
Thanks, Randy. Glad you enjoyed the post.
‘Death to Frenchmen! Death to Jacobins!’ were their rallying cries.
Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne
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Frequently Asked Questions About The Lion King
What is The Lion King about?
The Lion King follows a young lion cub, Simba, who is born into the royal family and is misled about his father's death by his wicked uncle Scar, who assends to the throne after Simba is encouraged to run away. Adult Simba must fulfill his destiny to be king.
How much are The Lion King tickets?
The Lion King ticket prices on the secondary market can vary widely depending on the location, day of the week, season, and other factors. The Lion King tickets can be found for as low as $115.00, however the national average is $236.00.
How to get cheap The Lion King tickets?
If you’re looking for cheap The Lion King tickets, tickets can be found for as low as $115.00. Additionally, once you click on your preferred event date, use the “sort by price” button located in the top left hand corner of the event page to sort all available The Lion King tickets by cheapest tickets available.
What's The Lion King's tour schedule?
The 2020 Lion King tour schedule is listed below.
Dates City Location
Open run New York, NY Minskoff Theatre
Jan 8 - Feb 2, 2020 Cincinnati, OH Aronoff Center for the Arts
Feb 5 - Mar 1 Milwaukee, WI Uihlein Hall at Marcus Center
Mar 4 – Mar 22 South Bend, IN Morris Performing Arts Center
Mar 25 - Apr 12 Toledo, OH Stranahan Theater
Apr 15 - May 10 Omaha, NE Orpheum Theater
May 13 - Jun 14 Denver, CO Buell Theatre
Jun 17 - Jul 12 Tempe, AZ ASU Gammage
Sep 2 - Sep 27 Costa Mesa, CA Segerstrom Center for the Arts
What is the recommended age for The Lion King on Broadway?
Most shows will have both a recommended age limit and minimum age requirements. Generally, children under the age of 4 are not permitted at Broadway shows. The Lion King is intended for ages 8 and up.
How long is The Lion King?
The Lion King is approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes, with one intermission.
What should I wear to The Lion King on Broadway?
There is no specific dress code for The Lion King. Some people like to dress up an others will go in jeans. It is recommended to avoid anything too casual such as tank tops and cut off shorts.
Who was in the original cast of The Lion King?
The original cast of The Lion King includes:
Simba Jason Raize
Scar John Vickery
Mufasa Samuel E. Wright
Nala Heather Headley
Rafiki Tsidii Le Loka
Timon Max Casella
Pumbaa Tom Alan Robbins
Zazu Geoff Hoyle
Shenzi Tracy Nicole Chapman
Banzai Stanley Wayne Mathis
Ed Kevin Cahoon
Sarabi Gina Breedlove
Young Simba Scott Irby-Ranniar
Young Nala Kajuana Shuford
How to Buy The Lion King Tickets
SeatGeek is the best way to browse, find, and buy The Lion KingTickets.
Browse the above listings of The Lion King tickets to find a show you would like to attend. Once you find the perfect date and show time, click on the button on the right hand side of the event to see all available tickets for that show.
Next, explore all available The Lion King tickets on the left hand side of the screen. Filters at the top of the page allow tickets to be sorted by price, or by SeatGeek’s Deal Score feature, which ranks tickets by value and tells you exactly how good of a deal you're looking at. On the right hand side, you can explore SeatGeek’s interactive maps to find the perfect seating section, and to get a preview of what a view from a seat in that section will look like.
To buy The Lion King tickets, click the ticket listing and you will be directed to SeatGeek’s checkout process to complete the information fields.
SeatGeek will process your order and deliver your The Lion King tickets.
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Aronoff Center for the Arts in Cincinnati, OH
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Minskoff Theatre in New York, NY
Morris Performing Arts Center in South Bend, IN
Stranahan Theater in Toledo, OH
Orpheum Theater in Omaha, NE
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(→Parks & Outdoor)
Latest revision as of 17:40, November 25, 2010 (edit)(undo)
'''West Seattle''' is the area west of the [[Duwamish River]] and was annexed by [[Seattle]] in 1907.
Thanks to the city's many hills, lakes, and bays, all Seattle neighborhoods are distinct. However, none is more a world unto itself than giant West Seattle. It is only minutes from city center travelling down [[Highway 99]] and across the [[West Seattle Bridge]].
On September 28, 2006, Seattle Times columnist Ron Judd, in a humor piece titled "How to tell the truth about the Pacific N.W.," described West Seattle in an imagined Q&A explaining the NW to a non-local:
<b>Q:</b> What should I know about West Seattle?
<b>A:</b> It’s lovely, and sort of an island unto itself in a social sort of way. Unfortunately, after the next big earthquake, it very likely will be an island unto itself in a physical sort of way.
West Seattle's miles of rolling peninsula feature many of the city's loveliest parks and beaches, its highest hills, a couple of happening retail districts studded with good restaurants, middle-class neighborhoods blessed with gorgeous views, and a mix of residents as diverse as any in town.
West Seattle might be more apt to be called Southwest Seattle because it occupies that quadrant of the city. The "south" part was skipped because Seattle has long been divided along class lines north and south. As the nicest part of the South End, early boosters called the place West Seattle to distance it from its embarrassingly obvious southern location.
There is a broad spectrum of housing available, with the majority of real estate retaining a very favorable return. Known at the "gold coast" the many in the housing market, the latest development to raze and remodel the Highpoint area has helped land values continue up at a pace out lasting the bubbles the rest of the city sees. Generally, the socio-economic spectrum stretches from the southeast, near [http://www.whitecenter.com White Center], northwestward until one arrives among the leafy, pricey homes overlooking [[Alki Beach]], the city's favorite strand.
Known as the "gold coast" to many in the housing market, West Seattle has broad spectrum of available housing, with the majority of real estate retaining a very favorable return. The latest development to raze and remodel the Highpoint area has helped land values continue up at a pace outlasting the bubbles the rest of the city sees. Generally, the socio-economic spectrum stretches from the southeast, near [http://www.whitecenter.com White Center], northwestward until one arrives among the leafy, pricey homes overlooking [[Alki Beach]], the city's favorite strand.
==Highlights==
* [[California Avenue]]: Most head for the beach, but this street's two distinct retail districts (Admiral Junction and Alaska Junction) provide reasons to visit. Along with the book shops, antique malls, craft stores, and yoga studios, highlights include Easy Street Records, easily Seattle's coolest record store and cafe; ArtsWest Playhouse & Gallery for live theater, music, comedy, and cabaret, plus a quality art gallery, classes, and workshops; the Admiral Theater for second-run movies; across the street is Mission with it's notorious margaritas and pleasing decor; Ovio Bistro for chic dinner fare and a great bar; Metropolitan Market, a tastefully upscale environment for grocery shopping, including exemplary produce, cheese, and wine sections alongside a full-service deli ; West 5, excellent home-cooked favorites and full bar in a retro atmosphere; Lee's Asian Restaurant, the best hole-in-the-wall Chinese joint in Seattle; several good pubs and bistros include Circa, Elliott Bay Brewing and Beveridge Place Pub; West Seattle Nursery, a first-class neighborhood garden center for plants you won't find at Home Depot; and ice cream cones and sandwich at Husky Deli, a neighborhood gathering place beyond compare.
* [[California Avenue]]: Most head for the beach, but this street's two distinct retail districts (Admiral Junction and Alaska Junction) provide reasons to visit. Along with the book shops, antique malls, craft stores, and yoga studios, highlights include Easy Street Records, easily Seattle's coolest record store and cafe; ArtsWest Playhouse & Gallery for live theater, music, comedy, and cabaret, plus a quality art gallery, classes, and workshops; the Admiral Theater for second-run movies; Mission's notorious margaritas and pleasing decor; Ovio Bistro for chic dinner fare and a great bar; Metropolitan Market, a tastefully upscale environment for grocery shopping, including exemplary produce, cheese, and wine sections alongside a full-service deli; West 5, excellent home-cooked favorites and full bar in a retro atmosphere; Lee's Asian Restaurant, the best hole-in-the-wall Chinese joint in Seattle; several good pubs and bistros include Circa, Elliott Bay Brewing and Beveridge Place Pub; West Seattle Nursery, a first-class neighborhood garden center for plants you won't find at Home Depot; and ice cream cones and sandwiches at Husky Deli, a decades-old neighborhood gathering place beyond compare.
* Hamilton Viewpoint: So magnificant is the view from this point at the North end of West Seattle it has been featured as a backdrop of ABC News, many movies, and of course the ongoing tour buses looking to give their passengers the best views of Seattle.
* [[Lincoln Park]]/[[Fauntleroy]]: Parks don't get any prettier than this, with a mile of spectacular beach backed by forested hills laced with trails. A summertime bonus: Colman Pool, a saltwater-filled public olympic-sized swimming pool, perches at the tip of Pt. Williams in the park's center. Access is by foot only; easiest to come from the park's south parking lot. Just past the park is the Fauntleroy Ferry Dock, giving access to Vashon Island and Southworth across Puget Sound. Four blocks east, Endolyne Joe's provides good, moderately priced eating.
* [[Schmitz Park]]: Winding paths weave their way through old growth into secret places in this lovely Olmstead park. Donated to Seattle in 1908 by Ferdinand and Emma Schmitz, Schmitz Park has been preserved as a santuary and memorial to what old Seattle looked like. You will be delighted by owl hoots and the babbling brook. Great info about the park can be read at http://www.schmitzpark.org.
* [[Lowman Beach Park]]: A small adjunct at the North end of Lincoln park seperated from the rest of the park by a few homes lined along the seawall. Tennis courts with the best waterfront views in Seattle lie here.
* [http://www.WestSeattle.com WestSeattle.com Community Website]
* [http://westseattleblog.com/ West Seattle Blog - West Seattle's only daily news source]
* [http://www.thelefebvreteam.com West Seattle Real Estate]
* [http://www.hiyu.com West Seattle HiYu Summer Festival]
* [http://www.westseattleherald.com West Seattle Herald - Local Newspaper]
* [http://www.gonorthwest.com/Washington/seattle/West_Seattle/West_Seattle.htm GoNorthwest West Seattle]
* [http://westseattleblog.com/ West Seattle Blog]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Seattle "West Seattle" article on Wikipedia]
[[Category:West Seattle]]
Latest revision as of 17:40, November 25, 2010
West Seattle is the area west of the Duwamish River and was annexed by Seattle in 1907.
Thanks to the city's many hills, lakes, and bays, all Seattle neighborhoods are distinct. However, none is more a world unto itself than giant West Seattle. It is only minutes from city center travelling down Highway 99 and across the West Seattle Bridge.
Q: What should I know about West Seattle?
A: It’s lovely, and sort of an island unto itself in a social sort of way. Unfortunately, after the next big earthquake, it very likely will be an island unto itself in a physical sort of way.
Known as the "gold coast" to many in the housing market, West Seattle has broad spectrum of available housing, with the majority of real estate retaining a very favorable return. The latest development to raze and remodel the Highpoint area has helped land values continue up at a pace outlasting the bubbles the rest of the city sees. Generally, the socio-economic spectrum stretches from the southeast, near White Center, northwestward until one arrives among the leafy, pricey homes overlooking Alki Beach, the city's favorite strand.
Neighborhoods Edit
"The Junction", Admiral, Alki, Arbor Heights, Beach Drive, Delridge, Fauntleroy, Gatewood, Genesee, Harbor Ave, High Point, Highland Park, Lincoln Park, Luna Park, Morgan Junction, Pigeon Point, Roxbury, Schmitz Park, Sunset, Westwood, Youngstown
Highlights Edit
California Avenue: Most head for the beach, but this street's two distinct retail districts (Admiral Junction and Alaska Junction) provide reasons to visit. Along with the book shops, antique malls, craft stores, and yoga studios, highlights include Easy Street Records, easily Seattle's coolest record store and cafe; ArtsWest Playhouse & Gallery for live theater, music, comedy, and cabaret, plus a quality art gallery, classes, and workshops; the Admiral Theater for second-run movies; Mission's notorious margaritas and pleasing decor; Ovio Bistro for chic dinner fare and a great bar; Metropolitan Market, a tastefully upscale environment for grocery shopping, including exemplary produce, cheese, and wine sections alongside a full-service deli; West 5, excellent home-cooked favorites and full bar in a retro atmosphere; Lee's Asian Restaurant, the best hole-in-the-wall Chinese joint in Seattle; several good pubs and bistros include Circa, Elliott Bay Brewing and Beveridge Place Pub; West Seattle Nursery, a first-class neighborhood garden center for plants you won't find at Home Depot; and ice cream cones and sandwiches at Husky Deli, a decades-old neighborhood gathering place beyond compare.
Hamilton Viewpoint: So magnificant is the view from this point at the North end of West Seattle it has been featured as a backdrop of ABC News, many movies, and of course the ongoing tour buses looking to give their passengers the best views of Seattle.
Parks & Outdoor Edit
Lincoln Park/Fauntleroy: Parks don't get any prettier than this, with a mile of spectacular beach backed by forested hills laced with trails. A summertime bonus: Colman Pool, a saltwater-filled public olympic-sized swimming pool, perches at the tip of Pt. Williams in the park's center. Access is by foot only; easiest to come from the park's south parking lot. Just past the park is the Fauntleroy Ferry Dock, giving access to Vashon Island and Southworth across Puget Sound. Four blocks east, Endolyne Joe's provides good, moderately priced eating.
Schmitz Park: Winding paths weave their way through old growth into secret places in this lovely Olmstead park. Donated to Seattle in 1908 by Ferdinand and Emma Schmitz, Schmitz Park has been preserved as a santuary and memorial to what old Seattle looked like. You will be delighted by owl hoots and the babbling brook. Great info about the park can be read at http://www.schmitzpark.org.
Lowman Beach Park: A small adjunct at the North end of Lincoln park seperated from the rest of the park by a few homes lined along the seawall. Tennis courts with the best waterfront views in Seattle lie here.
WestSeattle.com Community Website
West Seattle Blog - West Seattle's only daily news source
West Seattle Real Estate
West Seattle HiYu Summer Festival
West Seattle Herald - Local Newspaper
"West Seattle" article on Wikipedia
Retrieved from "https://seattle.fandom.com/wiki/West_Seattle?oldid=10419"
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Crowhurst 1066 Battlefield Association
The place to find out about the Norman Invasion and Battle of Hastings
Posts Tagged With: chronicle of battle abbey
Battle Abbey foundation document confirms battlefield at Crowhurst
Posted on July 13, 2016 by secretsofthenormaninvasion
There is no battlefield at Battle Abbey.
English Heritage are promoting the 950th anniversary of the Battle of Hastings this year. New analysis of the Chronicle of Battle Abbey proves beyond doubt that the abbey was not the original battlefield. Those who wish to examine this proof can find the evidence here at this link and I would be pleased to hear from anyone who has any reason to doubt either my view or the expert opinions upon whom I rely.
The evidence of the Chronicle, together with the geophysics in Crowhurst is also supported by the Domesday data analysis which shows conclusively that Crowhurst was the most wasted manor in 1066 where the battle took place. This is followed by the second most wasted manor Wilting where the Normans camped at Wilting Manor. The new evidence in the Chronicle of Battle Abbey now explains in a logical manner why these two manors stand out in the Domesday analysis as the two most wasted manors recorded in the Domesday Book. This conclusive analysis together with the fact no archaeological has ever been found at the Battle abbey site means the site of the battlefield in Crowhurst must now be investigated. Despite five years of information coming out and being sent to media and English Heritage nothing has been done to investigate. English Heritage promised to provide a proper archaeological investigation of the Abbey site when Time Team failed to find evidence of the battle. That was scheduled as a public dig in April but canceled without explanation and since then English Heritage has continued to market its battlefield operation to the public, stepping up the spin as the 950th anniversary of the Battle approaches this October 14th.
The question that must be asked is should a national heritage organisation be spending tens of thousands of pounds on radio and press advertising on a site with no provable provenance because they earn money from the gate. Can it be claimed they can spend this money on advertising but cant afford to do the archaeology that is needed. Any impartial organisation interested in national heritage would investigate the claims made for Crowhurst because they were documented at the time of the invasion. Even now faced with evidence they have known about for some time nothing has been done. The justification to continue marketing operations is made because they seek to rely upon ‘tradition’ as their right to continue to earn gate money from the public. Quite a lot of gate money – its not peanuts. That claim of ‘tradition’ can now be shown not to have any validity and is not even supported by the abbey’s own foundation document.
I cannot see how any organisation can sell the anniversary of such an important date in English history without knowing it is selling access to the real site and with public money when there is no evidence for what they claim. Worse still their claim runs contrary to the documentary evidence.If any other organisation were to conduct itself in such a manner it would be stopped and subjected to court proceedings until the veracity of the claims were proven. It is no longer possible to ignore the evidence presented. English Heritage are not behaving in the manner expected from a national heritage organisation when it comes to the most important date and battlefield site in the world..
Categories: Announcements, battle abbey, port of Hastings | Tags: 950th year aniversary, 950yrs, battle abbey, battle of hastings, chronicle of battle abbey, domesday book, english heritage, malfosse, norman invasion, second battle of hastings, wilting manor | Leave a comment
Ground Radar in Crowhurst supports 1066 battlefield.
More Burgh information Chapel Field
Is the Bexhill Link Road going through the UK's most important battlefield?
LIDAR confirms defensive structure of The Burgh at Hastings
Get the ebook and printed book here
Our Facebook group
Boats found by archaeologists and hidden.
English Heritage confirm Hastings Battlefield in the wrong place.
New Lidar image of Hastings Port area show features
battle abbey
caen stone
port of Hastings
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Labs Blog: The Inspired Worklife
By John Arenas | December 10, 2013
How Your Workplace Can Make You Healthier
Companies Are Reconsidering Your Health, Outside of Insurance
Health and wellness in the workplace will become one of the hottest topics next year, according to Forbes’s Top 10 Workplace Trends for 2014.
With the Affordable Care Act to come after the New Year, companies can save a lot of money and be more productive and effective with a healthier workforce. Currently, employees miss an average of 8.7 days per year due to poor health.
Some companies are already making their employees’ health a priority, by offering gym memberships, on-site fitness classes, and healthy dining options. In the next few years, we think (and hope) that this will become the norm. Other companies are taking this a step further.
Delos, a U.S.-based real estate developer, spent six years developing the WELL Building Standard — the first building standard focused exclusively on enhancing people’s health and wellbeing through the built environment. Delos has just made the Los Angeles headquarters of real estate company CBRE a WELL Certified space. Some of the office’s standout health-conscious features include biophilic plantings, smart lighting systems, energy absorbing flooring, advanced air purification, water filtration systems, ergonomic desks and chairs, and anti-microbial coatings on all surfaces.
Professionals who are healthier are happier in their jobs. Over the next few weeks, we will explore other ways—from physical environment to work flexibility — that health and wellness will be a major contributor to the changing workplace.
Reputation Management: Where You Work Can Be Just As Important As How
By Susan Harrison Read More
Say Adios to the Office: Are Office Assets Going the Way of Retail?
By John Arenas Read More
Great Expectations: A personal perspective on safety and security in the era of coworking
By Paula Gomprecht Read More
Don’t Play Games When it Comes to Your Safety and Security
By Vinay Kantak Read More
What Uber Can Tell Us About the Future Workplace
What does hospitality mean in coworking?
Switching your Location Will Make You Better at Your Job
Coworking Takes Hold with Corporate Occupiers: Disrupts Real Estate
Greater Happiness Leads to Greater Productivity, Study Finds
Call us at (866) 907-7832 or fill out the form below for more information. A member of our team will contact you shortly.
This address can be yours in minutes. Simply complete the form below and we’ll call you back to answer any questions you have and to finalize set up your new Virtual Office. If you don’t want to wait, feel free to call us 346-309-3085. We look forward to hearing from you.
Subject *General InquiriesMembershipArrange A TourMedia RequestFranchise Development InformationVirtual Office
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United Covets Competitors’ Profit Margins in Smaller U.S. Cities
- Jan 23, 2018 8:53 pm
United Airlines plans to grow capacity by four percent to six percent for each of the next three years. That may not sound like a lot, but the U.S. is a mature air market, so this is a big deal. But United President Scott Kirby said the airline shrunk too much under previous management and must get its mojo back.
— Brian Sumers
United Airlines is significantly underperforming its competitors at its hubs in Chicago, Denver and Houston, so it will add flights from them to smaller U.S. cities as it seeks to match profits produced by American Airlines and Delta Air Lines, executives said Tuesday.
“Our international gateways have higher profit margins — about seven points higher — than our competitors,” United President Scott Kirby said during an investor event coinciding with United’s fourth quarter earnings call. “And Chicago, Denver and Houston, despite being big markets, despite being well-positioned geographically, have profit margins that are about 10 points lower than our competitors mid-continent hubs.”
Kirby should know. As president of US Airways and later American Airlines, he took advantage as previous United’s management placed less of a priority on domestic flights, favoring long-haul international routes from coastal hubs in New York and San Francisco. First, at US Airways, Kirby built a massive Phoenix hub with connectivity across the American West, and then later, at American, he bulked up operations in Dallas/Fort Worth, Chicago and Charlotte. Airline insiders consider the Charlotte hub, along with Delta’s in Atlanta, two of the most profitable hubs in the world.
To Kirby, the math is simple. The two largest U.S. ultra-low-cost carriers — Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines — tend to focus on point-to-point service, often between larger cities, leaving opportunity for network carriers such as United to sell connections between markets like Rochester, Minnesota and New York at relatively high prices.
For United, Kirby said, Rochester to Chicago to New York is potentially more profitable than Chicago to New York, where United must price to compete with Delta, American, and, perhaps more importantly, Spirit.
The more flights United adds to from Houston, Chicago and Denver hubs, the more possible city-pair combinations it can offer smaller-city customers. Earlier this month, United announced several new routes that fit the strategy, including Chicago to Bismarck, North Dakota; Denver to Appleton, Wisconsin, and Houston to Dayton, Ohio.
“More scale and more connectivity is what we have to drive at these hubs,” Kirby said. “A hub-and-spoke airline is really a manufacturing company. It is about manufacturing connections. The more connections you can drive to hubs, the higher profits you drive at that hub.”
Kirby told analysts United might not erase all 10 points in margin gap, but it should get close. “We are not going to accept 10 margin points lower in profitability,” he said.
Investors react
United reported fourth quarter net income of $580 million, with a pre-tax margin of 6.4 percent. For the full-year, net income was $2.1 billion with pre-tax margin of 7.9 percent.
United told investors it will increase capacity 4 to 6 percent in 2018, with similar numbers expected in 2019 and 2020. Not all of it will come from domestic routes from Chicago, Denver and Houston. There will be growth elsewhere, and United executives said they’ll be more aggressive in flying during off-peak periods. In the past, it might have parked a plane when demand decreases, but now it will fly it and try to earn whatever revenue it can, executives said.
Just after the call, United’s stock fell nearly $5 in after-hours trading. Investment analysts often prefer more prudent capacity management in line with GDP increases, which they believe helps keep tickets prices high.
Some analysts also told Kirby they fear United, American and Delta will now battle for market share in smaller cities, depressing yields. But Kirby said he does not expect airlines to skirmish over share in small cities. Instead, he said, markets where Delta and American each had 50 percent share will resettle, with all three big airlines grabbing one third.
United is third in share in many smaller cities near Houston, Denver and Chicago, which not only hurts the airline’s ticket revenues, but also affects credit card penetration, Kirby said. That’s important to an airline trying to persuade more customers to apply for co-branded cards as a means toward increasing revenues.
“The kind of people who get airline credit cards are the kind of people that travel and need to fly,” Kirby said. “And just like a Houston-based customer is naturally biased to have a United Airlines credit card, a Kansas City or Wilmington, North Carolina customer has a natural bias to have the credit card of the airline that is biggest in that city.”
Kirby said United has a “real opportunity” to attract more customers to apply its credit cards. He said he is working with Chase, United’s partner, on other strategies to increase sign-ups.
Product and Segmentation
During the event, executives briefly discussed product, including Premium Plus, United’s new premium economy for long-haul flights.
Chief Commericial Officer Andrew Nocella said it will take United about three years to roll out the seats “across its international system,” though he did not say which aircraft will get them. That puts United significantly behind American, as last week an American spokesman said the airline had installed it on 39 of the 82 long-haul aircraft slated to get it. Delta’s product, meanwhile, started flying late last year on A350s arriving new from Airbus.
Also, Nocella said United will expand and tweak its no-frills Basic Economy fare. It expects to sell it in some international markets this year, and soon will permit Basic Economy customers to select a seat for a fee. Today, Basic Economy customers cannot buy a better seat, no matter how much they’re willing to pay.
Tags: airline innovation, lccs, premium economy, Scott Kirby, united airlines
Photo Credit: United Airlines passengers board a flight in Chicago, one of three airports slated to get new flights in the next three years. M. Spencer Green / Associated Press
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Hong Kong Express Stops Pregnancy Tests for Saipan-Bound Travelers https://t.co/9HPZKRZv19
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Ethiopia Breaks World Record By Planting 353 Million Trees in 12 Hours
Jul 30, 2019 Admin 0 Comments News
Ethiopia Breaks World Record By Planting 353 Million Trees in 12 Hours.
Ethiopia set a new record by seedling more than 353 million trees in a single day on July 29, 2019. Previously the record was in the hand of Indians who were able to plant more than 66 million trees in day. Ethiopia achieved this feat by officially closing government offices so that everyone participates in the program.
Among the trees planted Oromoia region takes the lions share by planting more than 211 million trees. Where as Amhara region achieved to plant more than 87 million trees. Even the capital city, Addis Ababa, planted about 3.1 million trees.
This reafforestation plan will enhance the forest coverage of the country as well as helping to reduce the effect of environmental change. This could be a blue print for the country and for Africa in general towl work towards afforesting the continent where drought has potential consequences by exposing the nations for famine and other related problems.
Later on the day the prime minster of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed thanked all the society who participated on Green Legacy to plant trees. And he promised his government will word towards making the country better and prosper in every aspect in order to make it a better place to live in. He also mentioned that this will create topic for Western to talk about Ethiopia and make them eager to visit the country.
This was among many reforms made by the young and energetic prime minster Doctor Abiy Ahmed as part of reafforesting the country.
Ethiopia green legacy world record plat trees
Ethiopian Prime Minister Dr Abiy Ahmed's Green Legacy
Ethiopian prime minister Dr Abiy Ahmed Green Legacy and implementation plan Doctor Abiy Ahmed, most loved Ethiopian leader, is...
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Accepted submission by -- OriginalOwner_ http://tinyurl.com/OriginalOwner at 2017-04-11 06:03:54 from the who-really-needs-independent-experts-anyway? dept.
Common Dreams reports [commondreams.org]
The 30-member panel was described [thinkprogress.org] by ThinkProgress as "a group of scientists, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other experts tasked by the Obama administration in 2013 with raising standards for the use of forensic evidence in criminal proceedings".
In its place, a senior forensic advisor will be appointed "to interface with forensic science stakeholders and advise department leadership", Sessions' statement said [justice.gov].
[...]"The reliance of law enforcement on questionable science and the overstatement of the reliability of that science has been a leading cause of the wrongful conviction of innocent people", said [nacdl.org] National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) president Barry Pollack on Monday. "The reason the National Commission on Forensic Science has been so important is that it includes leading independent scientists, allowing an unbiased expert evaluation of which techniques are scientifically valid and which are not. NACDL is terribly disappointed that even while acknowledging the crucial role played by the National Commission on Forensic Science, the Attorney General has chosen to disband it."
Previous: Forensic Hair Matches: More Junk Science from the FBI [soylentnews.org]
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Big Wreck Ends Joey Coulter's Strong Run at Daytona
22 Feb 2014 Speedway Digest Staff
Joey Coulter arrived at Daytona International Speedway ready to start the 2014 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series (NCWTS) season with a new team, a new crew chief, and a return to a familiar manufacturer. Entering his fourth consecutive full-time Truck season, Coulter joined GMS Racing to drive the No. 21 Allegiant Travel Chevrolet Silverado and compete for the championship.
After a successful practice session on Wednesday afternoon saw Coulter fourth fastest on the speed chart, the GMS Racing team knew their Chevrolet was in good shape for Friday night’s NextEra Energy Resources 250. Crew chief Jeff Stankiewicz decided to make one run during Thursday’s practice and start preparing the Allegiant Travel Silverado for qualifying.
Rain moved into the Daytona area on Friday afternoon, washing out qualifying and delaying the start of the 100-lap event. Once track officials completed the drying process, Coulter started the race from the fifth position, based on overall practice speeds.
As soon as the green flag flew, the leaders ran single-file on the bottom and clicked off laps until the competition caution slowed the pace on lap 20. Coulter radioed to his team that the Allegiant Travel Chevrolet was “all good so far” and Stankiewicz called his driver to pit road for fuel and a track bar adjustment. As Coulter was exiting pit road, the veteran narrowly avoided a fellow competitor, causing the GMS Racing entry to restart from sixth place on lap 25.
With being scored in the sixth position, Coulter lined up on the outside groove behind NCWTS defending champion Matt Crafton. Crafton and Coulter continued to make the outside line work and stay door to door with the preferred inside line.
Stankiewicz told Coulter he would need to pit in two laps, just as the second caution slowed the pace on lap 52. Coulter returned to pit road for right side tires and fuel. With varying strategies on pit road, the No. 21 Allegiant Travel Chevrolet restarted from the 24th position. Within two laps, Coulter quickly maneuvered his way back into the top-15.
Still running in the outside line, Coulter moved into the 13th position by lap 60 as the competition started to pick up with 40 laps remaining. Thirteen laps later, disaster struck as a 16-truck accident occurred and destroyed the Allegiant Travel Chevrolet. Coulter almost had the wreck missed, before another truck came back onto the racetrack sending the 23-year-old into the wall.
The damage sustained was too much to repair and Coulter’s night ended prematurely. The No. 21 Allegiant Travel Chevrolet team finished in the 32nd position.
“It’s very unfortunate to end the first race of the season this way,” said Coulter after being evaluated and released from the infield care center. “I could feel business picking up and knew something was getting ready to happen. It’s a shame because the GMS Racing guys built a really fast Allegiant Travel Chevrolet and I thought we had a truck to contend for the win. It felt great to be in a Silverado again and we will go back to the shop, get ready for Martinsville and be ready to go.”
The next NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race will be at Martinsville (Va.) Speedway on Saturday, March 29, 2014.
GMS Racing PR
More in this category: « Hornaday Leaves Daytona with Fifth Place Finish Timothy Peters Finishes Second in the Closest NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Finish at Daytona »
Copyright ©2020 Speedway Digest - Home for NASCAR News
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Safety, Racing and Richmond
Steven B. Wilson for Speedway Digest
Its been a little less than a week since Brad Keselowski went for a weird ride at Indianapolis Motor Speedway that saw his car sitting on the tire barrier and he having to crawl from the car as it sat nearly on its side.
In the advent of the SAFER barrier tracks are relying less and less on these old barriers and moving towards covering nearly every inch of track wall with SAFER to reduce injuries to drivers.
Keselowski for his part following the incident has spoken with officials at Indianapolis Motor Speedway on his incident there.
“I didn’t talk to NASCAR on it I’ve talked a little more to the track which is good as I think they are more in charge.” Said Keselowski
Safety is something that Keselowski would like to see more of an evolution in the next couple of years and coupled with the new Gen-7 car that is due in the sport it might be perfect timing for that to happen.
“I’d like to see the cars continue to evolve; I’d like to see the safety equipment continue to evolve. It continues to get better and I think there is a lot more we can continue to do on the concussion side.” continues Keselowski
“I’d like to see the road courses step up some more as I think they are a little behind everyone else.”
Keselowski for his part sees the tire barriers as a bit of antiquated safety protection and “band-aids to suboptimal wall angles”. Instead he would be in favor of seeing the poor walling be fixed for the detail that goes into the Cup Series events.
As the focus now shifts to the Playoffs, Keselowski and Penske racing head into Las Vegas this weekend to kick everything off with the second round coming next weekend at Richmond Raceway.
As Keselowski reflects on the No. 2 car and Penske Racing’s success at the track it’s something, he’s never felt pressure from Penske to go and win instead as he says its been about as a driver coming into an event and putting pressure on yourself to win.
“Richmond is a short track and such a cool track.”
However, when it comes to putting down some sort of track substance to open the racing grooves that he’s “okay with whatever the tracks want, I’ll just go out and race it and be the best I can be.”
As the playoffs begin this weekend in Las Vegas its but a short ten week stretch that will crown a champion in the Cup Series. For Keselowski he’s looking long term in what it will take to be there in Homestead and contend for his second championship.
“It’s a tough ten race stretch, glad to have the opportunity to win the championship. We got to make it count, we’ve got to have the speed, execution and luck on our side. We haven’t had that over the last few years.”
While earlier this week Penske Racing added a new driver into the fold of their organization through their affiliation with Wood Brothers Racing announcing the Matt DiBenedetto will pilot the famous No. 21 machine in 2020.
“I think it’s a great opportunity for Matt. Its good to see for him as he’s caught some bad breaks and some good breaks. Its good to see him catch a good break.” continued Keselowski
Richmond for its part since moving into the Playoffs is a tough track to drive with a such few opportunities for passing. For him to go to victory lane next Saturday night Keselowski and his team are looking for some more long run speed.
The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series playoffs kick off the weekend at Las Vegas Motor Speedway on Sunday at 7 P.M. on NBCSN then moving to Richmond Raceway under the lights on Saturday, Sept. 21st.
More in this category: « Weekend Preview: Las Vegas Motor Speedway Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Playoffs Media Day Notebook »
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Eric Crampton on Meat, Health, Hospitals, and Sustainability
Ron on What can we learn from Healthy Housing Initiatives? New evidence from the Wellington Well Homes scheme
Helen Fitt on Lime E-Scooters – Avoiding a collision course with public health?
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Vaping very likely to improve health in NZ – but how does this compare with other options?
By Public Health Expert • 27/03/2019 This post was syndicated from Public Health Expert - View original source
Prof Nick Wilson, Dr Frederieke Petrović-van der Deen, Dr Cristina Cleghorn, A/Prof Coral Gartner, Prof Tony Blakely
Our just-published modelling study suggests that easier access to nicotine via vaping as a replacement for tobacco smoking, will improve the health of the NZ population.
The estimated health gain is about the same as 10% per annum tobacco tax increases per year for 15 years, or a national colorectal cancer screening programme. Considering all sources of uncertainty, our study supports cautious liberalisation of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes – as NZ is doing. In this blog we discuss this new study and issues that policy-makers should consider to maximise the potential health gain – and minimise risks.
Our joint NZ/Australian team used a computer simulation model to estimate the likely net health impact of liberalising access to e-cigarettes in NZ (relative to a situation where e-cigarettes containing nicotine were not legally available). The just-published study (in a top epidemiological methods journal: Epidemiology [1]) took into account the various benefits of vaping (eg, the lower risk of vaping compared with smoking tobacco and increased population-level smoking cessation rates), as well as the risks (eg, some uptake of vaping by youth who would have otherwise remained smokefree and vapefree, and former smokers vaping long-term instead of staying nicotine-free).
The results were that the NZ population alive in 2011 was estimated to gain 236,000 extra years of healthy life over the remainder of the population’s lifespan – albeit with a wide range whereby 95% of our estimates fell in the range of 27,000 to 457,000 years given all the uncertainties around benefits and harms [1] (all results at 0% discount rate). Over this time period, there would also be cost-savings to the NZ health system from a reduction in tobacco-related diseases of NZ$3.4 billion [b] (2011$) (95% range: NZ$370 million to NZ$7.1b). So this intervention has roughly the same health gain as 10% per annum tobacco tax increases per year for 15 years [2], or a national colorectal cancer screening programme [3] (see Fig 1, showing quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] gained, all using a 0% discount rate).
Note: Error bars are 95% uncertainty intervals.
This work can also be compared with the full range of other potential tobacco control interventions we have modelled. It does well when compared to our just-published study on the promotion of a smartphone app for smoking cessation (the e-cigarette liberalisation is 10 times better for health gain) [4]. Yet it does fairly poorly compared to a sinking lid on tobacco sales [2] which is 5 times better (see Fig 2, all results at 0% discount rate). For other comparisons see the 29 tobacco control interventions for NZ and Australia that are listed in our online league table at: https://league-table.shinyapps.io/bode3/ (this covers QALY gains, health costs and cost-effectiveness but all results in the league table use a 3% discount rate).
Taking uncertainty into account
There is genuine scientific uncertainty with our results since there is still a lot that is unknown about vaping and health – and vaping technology is also evolving rapidly. But an advantage of modelling is that we can include uncertainty about many key inputs. That is why when we consider all the major sources of uncertainty in the data that we estimate a 95% uncertainty range for the health gain of between 27,000 and 457,000 healthy years of life. Our study included various scenarios – including a worst case one that assumed “close to zero cessation impact, 38% of smoking health risk of vaping, and an increase in youth smoking uptake rates”. This, albeit very unlikely scenario, resulted in a net loss in health (Fig 3).
But since we submitted our model results for publication, new evidence has emerged which addresses two of the biggest drivers of the uncertainty in the model. This increases our confidence in the base case results. First, a large randomised controlled trial in the UK [5] found that e-cigarettes used during a quit attempt doubled a person’s chance of successful quitting, compared to ‘just’ using standard nicotine replacement therapy (and with both groups getting behavioural support). Second, there are concerns that e-cigarettes may act as a ‘gateway’ for youth to take up tobacco smoking. But examination of the youth tobacco smoking rates since e-cigarette use has increased (eg, in the US [6]), has found no slowing down in the ongoing declines in youth tobacco smoking rates.
Smart regulation should increase health gains and lower vaping-related risks further
NZ currently has the opportunity to build on its history of successful regulation of many aspects of tobacco (marketing, warning labels etc) and relatively tight regulation of prescription medicines, to design appropriate regulations for vaping products. Suggestions we make include: the desirability of avoiding excise taxes on vaping products (so they are cheaper than more harmful tobacco products); combining vaping product sales with smoking cessation advice; ensuring retailers of vaping products – particularly sales staff – are trained in providing advice on dose and other aspects; and on regulations that may reduce youth uptake of vaping [1]. Some of us have published articles on vaping regulation [7] [8] [9] [10] and written various scholarly blogs eg, here, here, and here]. So when the NZ Government commences the Select Committee process for e-cigarette regulations (perhaps later this year) – we hope to present on this work in more detail.
In summary, our modelling work suggests that the continuing use of e-cigarettes by New Zealanders (instead of tobacco) will generate large health gains and cost savings to the health system. But there is genuine scientific uncertainty – and more research will be needed to clarify the true size of the health gains. However, we have a high degree of confidence that careful liberalisation of access to e-cigarettes will generate health gain – and likely large health gain. But e-cigarettes are no panacea – much larger gains, perhaps 20 times higher, would be achieved by a ban on commercial combustible tobacco products phased in over a period of time (eg, a sinking lid on supply). Greater availability of lower risk alternative nicotine products, such as e-cigarettes, is also likely to increase the viability of implementing more radical approaches such as phasing out commercial combustible tobacco sales.
Petrovic-van der Deen FS, Wilson N, Crothers A, Cleghorn CL, Gartner C, Blakely T. Potential country-level health and cost impacts of legalizing domestic sale of vaporized nicotine products. Epidemiology. 2019;(Published online 15 February).
van der Deen FS, Wilson N, Cleghorn CL, Kvizhinadze G, Cobiac LJ, Nghiem N, Blakely T. Impact of five tobacco endgame strategies on future smoking prevalence, population health and health system costs: two modelling studies to inform the tobacco endgame. Tob Control. 2018;27(3):278-286.
McLeod M, Kvizhinadze G, Boyd M, Barendregt J, Sarfati D, Wilson N, Blakely T. Colorectal Cancer Screening: How Health Gains and Cost-Effectiveness Vary by Ethnic Group, the Impact on Health Inequalities, and the Optimal Age Range to Screen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(9):1391-1400.
Nghiem N, Leung W, Cleghorn C, Blakely T, Wilson N. Mass media promotion of a smartphone smoking cessation app: modelled health and cost-saving impacts. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):283.
Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, Li J, Parrott S, Sasieni P, Dawkins L et al. A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. New Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629-637.
Levy DT, Warner KE, Cummings KM, Hammond D, Kuo C, Fong GT, Thrasher JF, Goniewicz ML, Borland R. Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check. Tob Control. 2018.
Hall W, Gartner C, Forlini C. Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction. 2015;110:1061-1067.
Wilson N, Edwards R, Hoek J, Thomson G, Blakely T, van der Deen F, Caldwell B, Crane J. Potential new regulatory options for e-cigarettes in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2015;128(1425):88-96.
Wilson N, Hoek J, Thomson G, Edwards R. Should e-cigarette use be included in indoor smoking bans? Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95(7):540-541.
Fraser D, Weier M, Keane H, Gartner C. Vapers’ perspectives on electronic cigarette regulation in Australia. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(6):589-594.
About Public Health Expert
Public Health Expert is the blog of University of Otago public health researchers who research everything from tobacco and alcohol to infectious diseases and obesity.
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AVR on Closing New Zealand’s Borders to Mitigate a Severe Pandemic has Merit
Matt Walker on A public health perspective on taxing harmful products
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Adventures in Science Fiction Cover Art: Art mysteries! Help Identify the SF Cover Artist (Novels by Clarke + Silverberg + Wilhelm, et al.)
October 19, 2016 Joachim Boaz 33 Comments
Below are a group of uncredited covers whose artists I have not been able to firmly identify. Some were brought to my attention by Adam who runs a collectible SF store (link). I’d love to hear your input — make sure to read the guidelines.
Guidelines: If you think a cover is the work of a particular artist, please please please provide some evidence for your claim: for example, a comparison cover, a citation from a book/resource, or, perhaps a link to a canvas or artist webpage. This makes identifying the artist more authoritative than a vague claim and readers can follow along more easily. If you think you’ve identified the author, I recommend peeking at their other credited covers at The Internet Speculative Fiction Database.
Pocket Books was notoriously bad at citing their artists. If we are able to identify a few of those below (Margaret and I and Journey), we might be able to nail down tens more covers missing citations in their catalogue.
The three covers below for Fred Saberhagen’s Empire in the East sequence are clearly by the same artist—the style seems so familiar! And, the 1974 Signet edition of Cage a Man (1973), F. M. Busby is credited as FMA only. I wonder if it’s possible to identify who FMA was.
In some cases, I have a pretty good idea who the artist might be but don’t have enough evidence…. I am convinced that Stanislaw Fernandes created the 1974 Signet edition of New Dimensions IV (1974) , ed. Robert Silverberg. Although, it would be very early in his career and love to have some firm evidence.
I look forward to your ideas!
EDIT: I’ve gone ahead and indicated which ones have been solved by inserting the artist into the citation.
For more Adventures in SF Cover Art consult the INDEX
(Bob Haberfield’s cover for the 1971 Tandem edition of The Man in the Maze (1968), Robert Silverberg)
(Peter Lloyd’s 1974 Signet edition of New Dimensions IV (1974) , ed. Robert Silverberg)
(Ed Soyka’s (?) cover for the 1978 Pocket Books edition of Double Mobius Sphere: A Story of the Shape of the Universe (1978), P S. Nim)
(FMA’s cover for the 1974 Signet edition of Cage a Man (1973), F. M. Busby)
(Fernando Fernandez’s cover for the 1975 Signet edition of The City and the Stars (1956), Arthur C. Clarke)
(Uncredited cover for the 1970 Pocket Books edition of Nebula Award Stories Three (1968), ed. Roger Zelazny)
(Uncredited cover for the 1978 Pocket Books edition of Margaret and I (1971), Kate Wilhelm)
(Uncredited cover for the 1974 Tandem edition of Changeling Earth (1973), Fred Saberhagen)
(Uncredited cover for the 1973 Tandem edition of Broken Lands (1968), Fred Saberhagen)
(Uncredited cover for the 1973 Tandem edition of The Black Mountains (1971), Fred Saberhagen)
(Uncredited cover for the 1977 Pocket Books edition of The Starchild Trilogy (1977), Frederik Pohl and Jack Williamson)
(Uncredited cover for the 1978 Pocket Books edition of Journey (1978), Marta Randall)
(Uncredited cover for the 1970 Tandem edition of Hawksbill Station (1968), Robert Silverberg)
1970savant-gardeexperimentalF. M. BusbyFred SaberhagenKate Wilhelmpaperbackspost-apocalypticpulpRobert SilverbergRoger Zelaznysci-fiscience fictionspace operatechnology
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33 thoughts on “Adventures in Science Fiction Cover Art: Art mysteries! Help Identify the SF Cover Artist (Novels by Clarke + Silverberg + Wilhelm, et al.)”
Collectible Science Fiction says:
The Man in the Maze is Bob Haberfield.
Thanks so much Adam!
You mentioned that you had confirmation? It definitely looks stylistically like his work…
Yeah, obviously not from Haberfield himself but when I posted this cover on my site 2 SF art collectors who follow immediately claimed him as the artist. Style looks very similar to his Mayflower stuff.
What do you think of my Stanislaw Fernandes idea for the 1974 Signet edition of New Dimensions IV (1974) , ed. Robert Silverberg?
admiral.ironbombs says:
I haven’t seen it confirmed anywhere, but my guess is that “City and the Stars” was done by Dean Ellis, especially since he was doing a lot of Clarke covers for Signet around that time… not 100% sure it’s his style though.
Most of those Tandem covers are terrible 🙂 And the Nebula Stories 3 looks like a photo-montage.
I think you’re right on Dean Ellis. I strikes me as odd that it hasn’t been confirmed via a canvas etc as he was quite prolific and well-documented in comparison to some of these artists! I actually have a theory about many of those Pocket Book covers. Was waiting for the input of others….
Fernandes? Interesting. What about Peter Lloyd?
Ellis seems right, good call. Would disagree on the Tandem covers, especially the Le Guin covers by Goodfellow.
Adam, hmm, did not consider Peter Lloyd — he has so few credited covers… but yes, this one seems very similar (has the sparkle at the edges)
The birds seem almost similar to the 1977 Pocket Books edition of The Starchild Trilogy (1977), Frederik Pohl and Jack Williamson cover!
Peter S says:
While I’m not disputing Admiral Ironbombs regarding ‘City and the Stars’, the cover does remind me of Mitchell Hooks – such as his cover for James Gunn’s ‘Immortals’
One of my favorite covers… I wish somehow we could definitively claim one or the other!
I think you’re right in that the style is close—background building shapes are similarly abstract and the human(s) in the foreground are more detailed—but the majority of the time Hooks included his signature (bottom center-right on the Gunn cover). Signet could have trimmed it though, who knows. Hooks is one of my favorite cover artists.
I do think it’s more likely that it’s Eliis. Early on Hooks did some crime and mystery novel covers which are very good, I wish that he had more covers than he does, or at least credited covers!
Also, the cover for ‘The Black Mountains’ looks like Jim Burns to me.
I’m on a smartphone, lets see if I can create a link correctly:
http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?366460
Has Kate Wilhelm’s The Killer Thing been identified?
Because, that is what stylistically seems the closest to me. Although, the Saberhagen covers seem so much less articulate. Argh, I dunno…
This one looks like Jim Burns too. His vehicles and space ships have an organic, vaguely menacing look, and his figures seem to have elongated limbs and heads. Another artist with a similar style is Tony Roberts, but his vehicles aren’t quite the same, and I haven’t seen him include very many human or alien figures in his work.
What do you think about Ed Soyka for the 1978 Pocket Books edition of Double Mobius Sphere: A Story of the Shape of the Universe (1978), P S. Nim… and also, for this uncredited Kate Wilhelm cover.
I think that is a good match, the styles are very similar. He did some covers for horror novels too which seems to fit his style well.
The ‘Starchild’ cover looks like some of the art from Analog of around that time but I can’t narrow it down much beyond that. Broeck Steadman comes to mind since he did some black and white interior drawings for Analog that look a bit like the woman on that cover. I can’t find any of examples those online. His full color covers have a much more hyper-realistic style than those b&w works though so it’s probably not him.
I’d be interested in finding out who did the ‘Margaret and I’ cover too.
Tom Hering says:
I believe the cover for the Signet edition of “The City and the Stars” is by Fernando, aka Fernando Fernandez (ISFDB entry). The style, typography, and gouache/watercolor medium are the same as some other early ’70s Signet editions of Clarke, as well as the 1973 Signet edition of Effinger’s “What Entropy Means to Me.” In the examples below, his signature is only visible on “The Other Side of the Sky.”
Arguments I’d make in favor of Fernandes. (1.) The shared motif of little colored discs in the art for “The City and the Stars,” “The Other Side of the Sky” (signature visible), “What Entropy Means to Me” (signature visible), “The Wind from the Sun,” and “Tales of Ten Worlds.” (2.) Note the design of the rocket fins (if that’s what they are) on the cover of “What Entropy Means to Me.” Now look at the sides of the towers, near the top, on the cover of “The City and the Stars.” (3.) Look at the way flesh is painted on the covers of both “The City and the Stars” and “What Entropy Means to Me.” (Note: I’m having second thoughts about the “Glide Path” cover. The motif of little discs is missing, so it may be a different artist.)
Here’s another Fernandes (signature visible).
Looks like it’s Fernandez with a “z” not an “s,” though ISFDB gives “Fernandes” and “Fernando” as alternates. He was a Spanish artist known primarily for his comics work. He produced art for British and American publishers, appearing in “Creepy,” Eerie,” “Heavy Metal,” and “Vampirella.” He also produced comics adaptations of Asimov, as well as B&W illustrations for Dickson’s “Dorsai.” Paperback covers included publishers like Ace, Dell, Bantam, and Signet. Check out the “illustrations / SF” section of the official website (in Spanish): http://www.fernandofernandezart.com/index.php
Well, that seals it! Now to get it credited on isfdb.org…. But, apparently that takes some effort. Thanks so much!
(it is one of his best covers for sure. I love the city, reaching upwards, and, I would find it hard to believe that some collector hasn’t snatched up the original considering it graced the cover of such a famous novel).
Tom, I really like the Fernandes attribution, and, I think you’ve provided very convincing arguments. Although I initially thought it might be Ellis, I do see that it has a distinct style.
Thank you for all your work 🙂
It wasn’t work – it was fun. I love a mystery. 🙂
That’s the spirit! (yeah, I too love solving cover art mysteries…)
I received this today from Hector Fernandez, the son of Fernando Fernandez, concerning the “City and the Stars” cover.
Thank you for your E-mail.
The answer to your qüestion is yes. This is an artwork of my father Fernando Fernández.
I am not sure if we have The original book cover. If you are interested in The original please write me …”
My guess that Fernandez worked in gouache/watercolor is probably wrong. Looking at the other art on the official site, yes, he did sometimes use a mixed media technique, but his primary medium was oils. So for commercial assignments like “The City and the Stars,” I would guess he used oils – on illustration board rather than canvas. Oils can be thinned and made fast-drying, so you get results similar to gouache/watercolor, in both aesthetic and practical terms (the latter being a consideration in commercial work). If his son still has the original somewhere. I would guess the price would be between 1,000 and 1,500 euros, again judging by the originals being sold on the official site.
Welshgriffin says:
http://www.comicartfans.com/GalleryPiece.asp?Piece=624694
THE STARCHILD TRILOGY and JOURNEY are by the same illustrator, a guy who showed up at Pocket Books in 1978 and completed a couple of dozen cover illustrations for them. I’ve been researching who this guy is for years and I still don’t have a name!
Yeah, I matched the style — one reason I included more than one of the same artist, although, as you indicated, so far unknown… alas! (I’ve been in contact with a bookseller who Marta Randall also couldn’t remember, if she ever knew, the artist either).
Marta owns the JOURNEY painting but she said there’s no name on it:/
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DC Comics writers
Comic book writer
Sholly Fisch is an American comic-book writer. He worked on DC Comics' Looney Tunes.
Comic credits
Scooby-Doo (DC Comics)
Main article(s): Scooby-Doo (DC Comics)
89(c). How's Bayou? - writer
#91(e). Roller Ghoster - writer
#92(b). Code of Dishonor - writer
#97(b). Yo Ho Haunted - writer
#99(b). Cowpoked - writer
#99(d). Saur Feat - writer
#107(a). Howl in the Family - writer
#107(d). Howl's Well That Ends Well - writer
#110(a). The Greatest of Us All - writer
#111(a). Family Plot - writer
#112(a). Eek-stra Innings - writer
#118(a). This Old Haunted House - writer
#122(b). Franklin, My Dear... - writer
#122(e). Flour Power - writer
#125(a). Fly By Night - writer
#125(d). Time to Scare - writer
#144(a). Fangs But No Fangs! - writer
#144(c). Brush with Danger - writer
#147(a). Howling Good Time - writer
#150(b). The Blackest Knight - writer
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You? (DC Comics)
Main article(s): Scooby-Doo, Where Are You? (DC Comics)
#9(a). Tooned In - writer
#10(a). Endgame - writer
#13(a). Family Gathering - writer
#28(a). Fright One Candle - writer
#65(a). A Little Mourning Exorcise! - writer
#76(a). Ghost Writers - writer
#81(a). Troll Bridge - writer
Scooby-Doo! Team-Up
Main article(s): Scooby-Doo! Team-Up
1. Man Bat and Robbin' - writer
2. Who's Scared? - writer
3. Two Mites Make It Wrong - writer
4. Teen Titans--Ghost - story by
5. Trouble in Paradise - story by
6. A Super Friend in Need - story by
7. Scooby-Doo, When Are You? - story by
8. Future Shocked - writer
9. Truth, Justice, and Scooby Snacks - story by
10. Quest for Mystery! - writer
Retrieved from "https://scoobydoo.fandom.com/wiki/Sholly_Fisch?oldid=341866"
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sbchamber@scsbc.org
1717 Gervais St., Columbia, SC 29201
President and CEO, Frank Knapp, Jr.
Issues Advocacy
Climate / Energy, Environment, Press
SC Senate Takes 1st Permanent Step Against Offshore Drilling
SCSBCC Interns
The Advocate of South Carolina Small Business 1717 Gervais Street • Columbia • SC • 29201 www.scsbc.org • (803) 252-5733 PRESS RELEASE Date: January 15, 2020 From: South Carolina Small Business Chamber of Commerce Subject: BREAKING NEWS: SC Senate Takes 1 st Permanent Step Against Offshore Drilling Contact: Frank Knapp, President/CEO,…
offshore oil exploration and drilling Read more
Climate / Energy, Press
Feds ordered to produce additional seismic documents
Charleston Regional Business Journal January 8, 2020 Staff Report A U.S. district judge has ordered the federal government to produce all documents related to its decision to allow seismic blasting tests off the coast of South Carolina, a legal victory for municipalities and environmental groups who are suing to block…
Conservationists win court round against oil drilling offshore SC
Charleston Post and Courier January 7, 2020 By Bo Petersen The federal agencies in charge of approving seismic testing for offshore oil and gas in the Atlantic must show conservationists how they arrived at their permitting decisions, a district court judge in Charleston has ruled. That means staff will have…
Press, Taxation
Senate confirms Trump pick for small business chief
“This is a fresh opportunity for the administration to refocus on issues or measures that could actually help small businesses,” said Frank Knapp, co-chair of Businesses for Responsible Tax Reform. The Hill January 7, 2020 By Naomi Jagoda The Senate on Tuesday confirmed Jovita Carranza to head President Trump‘s Small Business Administration…
Tax Reform Read more
SBA Administrator Jovita Carranza Must be a Strong Voice for Main Street in an Administration that Favors Big Business
Jan. 7, 2020 Statement by Frank Knapp, Jr., co-chair of Businesses for Responsible Tax Reform and president & CEO of the South Carolina Small Business Chamber of Commerce, who formerly served on an advisory body to the SBA Office of the National Ombudsman, on today’s appointment of Jovita Carranza as…
Reno, Vegas entrepreneurs say Trump’s 2017 tax law has not helped small businesses
Northern Nevada Business View December 31. 2019 By Kaleb Roedel RENO, Nev. — Tonda Benge had plans to hire more staff, raise wages, and invest in better technology. Benge, owner of Professional Dog Mom in Reno, assumed she’d be able to do all of this, and possibly more, following the…
Election Security, Press
Businesses campaign for election security
Lexington County Chronicle December 26, 2019 Special to the Chronicle The small-business community is doing its part to ensure a fair election in 2020. Protect Democracy USA, the business campaign launched in August calling on Congress to pass legislation critically needed to protect the 2020 elections has been re-branded “Business…
Election security Read more
At Tax Law’s 2-Year Anniversary, Small Businesses Ask Policymakers for Reform that Actually Helps Main Street
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Conan Knoll conan@emcstrategies.com (831) 524-6764 Nevada entrepreneurs join Businesses for Responsible Tax Reform on a press call to discuss how, two years in, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has failed to help small businesses and to call on policymakers and candidates to support tax policy…
Business Campaign for Election Security Re-branded
PRESS RELEASE Date: December 3, 2019 From: Business 4 Protecting The Election (formerly Protect Democracy USA) Subject: Business Campaign for Election Security Re-branded Contact: Frank Knapp, 803-252-5733 (w), 803-600-6874 (c), ProtectElection@gmail.com “Protect Democracy USA, the business campaign launched this past August calling on Congress to pass legislation critically needed to…
Economy, Press, Small Business
Local businesses prepare for Small Business Saturday
WIS-TV November 29, 2019 By Emily Wakeman COLUMBIA, S.C. (WIS) – You may be recovering from a day spent at the department stores taking advantage of all of the Black Friday deals, but this week’s kickoff of the holiday shopping season continues tomorrow with Small Business Saturday. It’s a day…
small business Saturday Read more
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Search University
Saint John's Seminary
Saint John's Seminary in Brighton
(Rating 4.6 based on 5 reviews)
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Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above
Degree-granting
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Saint John's Seminary offers 12-degree programs. Student-to-faculty ratio is 7:1. 69.2% are women, and 30.8% are men. 10% percents of international students. Total price of living is between $24450 and $32700 per year.
Average annual cost includes tuition and fees, books and supplies, and living expenses, minus the average grant/scholarship aid. Separate metrics have calculated for different institutions depends on calendar system and sector of the establishment (public or private).
The Saint John's Seminary is a private and academic-year institution, so it’s net price represents an average of all programs and includes only undergraduates who first enrolled in the fall term and receive Title IV aid. The total cost of attendance depends on whether undergraduates live on campus, off campus (not with family), or off campus (with family).
By Family Income
Depending on the federal state, or institutional grant and available, Saint John's Seminary students in your income bracket may pay more of less than the overall average costs.
$0 - $30,000 --
$30,001 - $48,000 --
$75,001 - $110,000 --
$110,001+ --
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Neither required nor recommended:
Secondary school GPA
Secondary school rank
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Admission test scores
Typical room charge for academic year: -
Typical board charge for academic year: -
Combined charge for room and board: 8250
In-district
Types of financial aids
0 of Saint John's Seminary undergraduates were awarded with some type of financial aid, it’s 0 percents of all undergraduate students. This makes Saint John's Seminary number 173 in the amount of financial aid awarded to students among all educational institutions in Massachusetts.
Students at Saint John's Seminary awarded 0 types of loans or aids, the biggest percent of students received a federal grant aid.
Living & meal
Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking students required to live on campus
Institution provide on-campus housing
Institution provides board or meal plan
Veteran Services Available
Services and programs are not available to veterans, military servicemembers, or their families
Percent indicator of undergraduates formally registered as students with disabilities
Does not offer distance education opportunities
Here are the learning opportunities available in Saint John's Seminary.
Weekend/evening college allows students to complete courses and attend classes only on weekends or only in evenings.
Retention rate
Full-time retention rate
Part-time retention rate
The Saint John's Seminary full-time retention rate is 0% and part-time retention rate is 0%.
Retention rate is the percentage of the institution's first-time first-year undergraduate students who continue at that institution the next year. E.g., full-time students who study in the fall semester and keep on studying in the same program next fall semester are included in the retention rate.
Retention rate is an important indicator: if it is high, it demonstrates that school offers quality curriculum, good student environments and cultures as more students choose to continue their studies.
The student-to-faculty ratio at Saint John's Seminary is 7:1, that means that for every 7 students the institution has one professor, lecturer or specialist with a degree in education. Lower student-to-faculty ratio is better - it means that professors can dedicate more time and attention to each student.
Student-to-faculty ratio
Men/Women
Number of international students
Percent of international students
Race/ethnicity breakdown
Total ethnicity
Men ethnicity
Women ethnicity
Students enrollment in distance education
In Saint John's Seminary the biggest percent of students are enrolled in on-campus courses.
Distance education location breakdown
Here are the students enrolled exclusively in distance education courses at Saint John's Seminary and grouped by their location. Distance education courses are the most popular for students located in not reported location.
Number of degree programs offered
Saint John's Seminary offers 12 programs in total: 9 are for Master's degree and 3 are Bachelor's degree.
This is one of the lowest number of programs in comparison with other 37 universities in Suffolk county. Saint John's Seminary is one of the few institutions in Suffolk that offers a Bachelor's degree program.
Total credit/contact hours
Here you can find the data on instructional activity in measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Also we shown the Massachusetts state average data to help you compare.
Saint John's Seminary provides coursework for undergraduate students and graduate students.
In 2014-2015 academic year estimated full-time equivalent undergraduate enrollment was 34 students with 1027 сredit hours for 12-month instructional activity period. The enrollment for graduates was 130 with 3113 credit hours.
TOP 3 Popular Majors
The most popular majors counted as percentage breakdown of degrees awarded in every single discipline in Saint John's Seminary
34% — Theology and Religious Vocations
22% — Theological and Ministerial Studies
12% — Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries
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Student Reviews and Ratings for Saint John's Seminary
Marcelo Ferrarisecon
Source of the review: Google Places, Google Maps™
Matthew Harringtonsecon
William Crouchsecon
Richard Rosssecon
very great memories of life and studies there. Attended from 1971-1973. great friends of faith, .
Dee Chiluiza R.secon
Address: 127 Lake Street
Religious affiliation: Roman Catholic
Calendar system: Semester
General Phone Number: +6172542610
Institution is active in current year: 1
Institution's internet website address: sjs.edu
Financial aid office: Go to the page
Admissions office: Go to the page
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Veterans and Military Service members tuition policies: Go to the page
Student-Right-to-Know student athlete graduation rate: Go to the page
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HP leaps into cloud computing with lackluster lineup
HP prepared a lineup of products aimed at cloud computing, but IT managers can’t stifle their yawns. Who needs an HP cloud, anyway?
Carl Brooks, TechTarget
Enterprise IT shops may not think of Hewlett-Packard as a technological leader. Sure, the company sells a lot of ink and printers, but when it comes to servers, it's one of a crowd of identical x86 offerings and hardly the touchstone for innovation.
But that's apparently something HP is trying to change, as the company last week unveiled a set of cloud computing services and products that plants it right in the path of other major IT suppliers. Can the stalwart computer hardware supplier compete? It's hard to say; its products are not revolutionary, and HP has a ways to go in convincing customers it's got the goods to be a cloud player.
For example, Chris House, technical engineer for Metro Health, a Midwestern medical provider, operates a healthy deployment of HP blade servers and has started looking into automated deployment of virtual machines and ways to meter usage.
Many customers...will not shift to [HP] just for simplicity.
Stefan Reidanalyst, Forrester Research
House said that some of HP's new line up might fit the bill. At first glance, however, it appeared to him to be existing technology rebranded into a new product line. "The only new thing is the HP Cloud Service Automation," he said.
Analyzing HP's cloud products
The products are "…sort of pulling together of existing technologies with a few additions," said The 451 Group chief analyst John Abbott. He said that the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) component was the freshest part of the package, but even that was something where HP had some previous grounding. It bought outsourcing giant EDS in 2008, which had run hosting operations and even on-demand infrastructure for quite some time.
Abbott pointed out that HP's new IaaS doesn't even run the same software and hardware that it's pitching to customers; it's running on the HP high-availability Integrity line, since the new CloudSystem line doesn't have the kind of scalability that HP needs for a service offering. For instance, HP's Integrity line includes the Superdome, a well-established high availability blade server/converged hardware offering that HP has been touting for several years.
Superdome runs HP-UX11 and, depending on how you squint, could be considered a bare metal foundation for a cloud computing environment. It meets all the requirements but doesn't necessarily have the self-service, end-user friendly capabilities normally associated with cloud.
It's telling that HP is not offering IaaS on the same platform as its own cloud products, CloudSystem and Cloud Service Automation (CSA). It's also a prime example of the essential smoke-and-mirrors of cloud computing; HP's own cloud products aren't battle tested yet, but it can offer the basic on-demand service to consumers with substitutions.
HP says that its ECS-Compute service will be fully compatible with its CloudSystem box and its CSA platform; it can make that promise because the company's in the driver's seat on service delivery. But can a user buy a CloudSystem and get the same performance HP says it can deliver? Probably not.
HP's new cloud computing lineup
Enterprise Cloud Service-Compute: HP says its Enterprise Cloud Services-Compute (IaaS) will be offered to existing qualified (i.e., large) customers only. It will be sold on-demand, like Amazon Web Services (if you can get into the party) and the company is touting easy integration with existing management systems. HP wants you to think of ECS-Compute as an extension of your in-house infrastructure. Pricing is hammered out per customer.
HP CloudSystem: HP’s cloud-in-a-box. This is a preconfigured rack appliance based on the BladeSystem Matrix. It’s preloaded with HP’s Cloud Service Automation (CSA) software and has a portal interface for users to provision resources. HP says it will tie directly into the ECS-Compute service and allow for hybrid clouds that users can handle with their own management. It will also be compatible with non-HP storage and networking products.
Cloud Service Automation: The core of the HP cloud offering is an amalgam of HP’s OpenView system’s management and Opsware’s virtualization and automation software. HP also turned recent acquisition Stratavia into Cloud Maps for BladeSystem Matrix. An application stack management tool, Cloud Maps lets IT shops create, configure and provision templates of virtual servers and applications. It comes preconfigured for use with SAP, Oracle, Citrix and other enterprise applications.
Is HP too late into the cloud?
The 451 Group's Abbott said that HP's late entry into enterprise cloud services hasn't changed the competitive landscape much. Even though it's playing catch-up on actual cloud computing products when compared to rivals IBM and Dell (and to a much lesser degree Oracle, CA and BMC), enterprise cloud is a very long-term goal at this point.
"[HP's] had to build out its stack, but it's been doing that for some time," he said. "[For instance], it used to be terrible at the software side, but it's been getting its act together for the last few years."
Abbott said there's another factor in play, too. HP may not aggressively pursue enterprises because it knows that, for most HP customers, its equipment is already a basic commodity and enterprises aren't going to be the long-term major transformative cloud purveyors.
"In about five years, the main target for high-end hardware will be telcos and big service providers," he said. "It'll move out of the mid-level enterprise."
HP says that true public cloud, like Amazon Web Services or Rackspace, is something the company is working on but isn't ready to talk about yet. That would be an interesting direction for the IT giant, since it just spent five years consolidating to five data centers worldwide (minus research operations). It almost certainly has the high-octane compute capacity to compete with Amazon and probably even offer cheaper service, but it definitely doesn't have the expertise in selling to the public.
Bandwidth is the rub, not hardware
However, it's arguable whether or not cloud services need to come from traditional vendors these days. Matt Clark, IT director for a major electronics firm, said enterprises interested in cloud computing should wait and see whose products are actually delivered.
"IT shops should just hold out for another nine to 12 months. By then, the guessing game will be over and clear leaders will emerge," he said.
Clark said what he spends on servers is split equally between HP, Cisco and Oracle. He would like to pursue private cloud, but the hardware layer isn't his primary concern.
"Personally, since so much data will be going in and out of our internal networks, the data transport costs will be a large factor," he said. "We have been working very closely with our various telcos [and service providers]."
If a private cloud platform comes around, Clark said that he'll take it or leave it on the merits. As for HP's new public cloud offerings, he felt his firm was unlikely to go out to anyone's cloud, even a trusted big-name IT brand.
"I don't see us buying anything from HP or IBM in the public cloud space at this time," he said. Clark added that for security and compliance reasons, it's in the corporate interest to keep data operations close to the company.
Cloud purveyor déjà vu?
If all of this sounds a little familiar, well, it is. IBM's CloudBurst appliance and Cisco's Unified Computing Systems have been in play for almost two years now, and even Oracle beat HP to the punch with its Exalogic appliances last year. All those companies, and even Dell, have software stacks and hardware ready to go for a private cloud deployment.
HP isn't known for its agility, despite owning EDS and selling IT services. Big enterprise-scale managed service providers (MSPs) are much better positioned to compete on public clouds than HP is. Forrester analyst Stefan Ried noted that billion-dollar MSP T-Systems had recently launched an AWS clone for its enterprise customers in Europe that is far more likely to see action than HP's less agile and less developed ECS-Compute offering.
Ried added that many enterprises were already taking advantage of cloud computing infrastructure in myriad ways, and the attraction to single-source vendors was weak in the cloud world.
"Many customers might have picked already a combination of two extremes, like IBM and Amazon, and will not shift to [HP] just for simplicity," he said.
UPDATE: HP spokesman Christian Verstraete responded to this article to say that the HP ECS-Compute infrastructure does, in fact, run on the same core BladeSystem Matrix components that make up the new CloudSystem appliances, but the software and configuration HP runs in its own data centers is not identical to what is shipped in the CloudSystem appliances.
Carl Brooks is the Senior Technology Writer at SearchCloudComputing.com. Contact him at cbrooks@techtarget.com.
HP Helion throws forward PaaS to hybrid clouds
By: Ed Scannell
HP reinforces commitment to open, hybrid cloud vision as business split looms
HP updates Helion CloudSystem as hybrid cloud push gathers pace
HP Helion (Hewlett-Packard Helion)
HP CloudSystem adds horsepower in OpenStack private ... – SearchCloudComputing
HP attempts to boost cloud cred with Converged Cloud ... – SearchCloudComputing
HP Helion (Hewlett-Packard Helion) – SearchCloudComputing
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Topic Windows systems and networks
SubTopic Identity and access control
Identity and access control
Windows OS management
Four ideas to better secure identity management in the cloud
As corporations store increasingly large amounts of mission critical data in the clouds, identity management needs to be more secure. Here are four ideas that could help.
Jonathan Hassell, 82 Ventures LLC
It's mid-2011 and we see an increasing focus on moving things from our corporate locations to big bins of cloud capacity in the sky. We see botnets being taken down by the FBI and we see new social networks on the horizon. What do all of these events have in common? It is the need for accurate and secure identity management.
As these recent trends continue, what do IT departments need to be looking for in their identity software and from their identity vendors? Here are four ideas about what's new and what's to come in identity management.
1. Identity will be federated even more so than it is now. Key to the future is taking your identity with you: making sure it works not only for your network's internal services, but also for extranets and cloud-based applications. As the cloud steals workloads and jobs from on-premises servers, having a portable sense of who you are becomes increasingly important.
How do you synchronize an Active Directory identity with an Office 365 identity? How do you synchronize your HR identity with your organization's social media presences? How do you ensure that your customers' identities in your e-commerce systems are portable to your online forums, your customer support system, your billing, and your marketing or promotion fulfillment systems? Synchronization and federation will be the key subjects in the coming years
2. Smart cards and other "possessive tokens" will spread. In more advanced companies, there already are requirements for users to log on to Windows with a smart card. This will spread. Identity should be more than a username and a password on an enterprise desktop: it should be something that's carried with you, that's serviced by something on someone's person and not just two bits of information someone else gives you.
Workstations and even your standard-issue enterprise client computers are so powerful now that even complex passwords and pass phrases can be cracked in reasonable amounts of time, and it still doesn't help that many users refuse to give up their easy-to-remember passwords. Requiring tokens or physical objects adds a layer of obstruction to ne'er-do-wells that attempt to gain access to your system, and have the added benefit of being able to store claims information that can be federated to other systems as well. A future in picking yourself up by removing your smart card and moving yourself to a different environment by plugging it in again is not far off.
3. Two-factor authentication will be mandatory in many more situations. In Europe, for instance, almost all banks require both a password and a hardware token for logging into online banking portals. In the US, such two-factor authentication, another great proof of identity, is generally limited to big businesses and individuals with high net worth and private banking access. Two-factor authentication for consumers in any other context is almost unheard of.
This will change, because as smartphones become ubiquitous and mobile applications can function as hardware tokens, the cost to implement two-factor authentication will drop precipitously. Imagine your users logging into Windows with a username, their password or PIN, and a one-time passcode sent to their mobile phone via SMS straight from your datacenter. That's loads more secure.
4. Information control, and anonymity control, will become paramount. This is a broader point, but one that deserves being made. Witness the uproar around Google deleting accounts from its new Google+ service that weren't set up using people's real names. When your identity becomes easily portable, it also becomes easy to track: and most people develop a deep and lasting resistance to companies piecing together their movements and whereabouts without their knowledge or consent.
Identity platforms and identity management services need to develop frameworks for giving users, and in some cases their administrators, control over the information about a user that is both presented and retained by other networks and services. The Internet should remain a place where people can choose to remain anonymous. Likewise for corporate users who should not be forced to choose between easily federated identities and the protection and comfort of anonymity for basic services.
More on identity & access management
Identity management guide for CIOs
Six ways to improve identity and access management for Windows
In short, through tools like Active Directory Federation Services, Federated Identity Manager 2010, and some of the deeper security tools in Windows Server 2008 R2 (like authentication mechanism assurance and Certificate Services), identities over the coming few years will break free of their corporate silos now. Your users will use one identity for their corporate desktop, your company's associated cloud services, and perhaps even their leisure services. No more split personalities: users become whole in the new era of identity.
You can follow SearchWindowsServer.com on Twitter @WindowsTT.
Jonathan Hassell is president of The Sun Valley Group Inc. He's an author, consultant and speaker in Charlotte, N.C. Hassell's books include RADIUS, Learning Windows Server 2003, Hardening Windows and, most recently, Windows Vista: Beyond the Manual. Contact him at editor@searchcio-midmarket.com.
Dig Deeper on Microsoft identity and access management
Understanding what Azure AD federation really means
Golden SAML: How can it abuse SAML authentication protocol?
By: Nick Lewis
claims-based identity
CA Strong Authentication offers businesses low-cost MFA and 2FA
By: David Strom
What is federated identity management? – SearchSecurity
Understanding what Azure AD federation really means – SearchWindowsServer
Federated identity management still has some growing ... – SearchFinancialSecurity
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An assessment of the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment plants on the island of Gran Canaria (Spain)
Last updated: Sat, 18 Jan 2020 21:19:44 GMT
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Tag Archive: bundlers
What FEC filings show about 2016 candidates
by Idrees Kahloon
Candidates for president offered the first detailed look at their campaign finances yesterday. While Hillary Clinton is running away with the money race for Democrats, the competition for cash is much tighter on the Republican side.
DNC paid $4.5 million for events at White House
by Peter Olsen-Phillips
A new Sunlight analysis of campaign finance records from the Democratic National Committee finds party operatives have made frequent use of the White House grounds during the past four years.
Obama discloses less about inaugural donors
by Keenan Steiner
Jan 4, 2013 7:41 pm
What a difference four years makes: President Barack Obama, who began his first term with a promise to change the way Washington works, barred corporate donations to his first inauguration, capped individual contributions at $50,000 and began disclosing his donors and bundlers more than a month before his swearing-in.
This time he waited until two weeks before the inauguration to release his first list of donors. The Presidential Inaugural Committee posted the names on its website but without the amount of each donation nor the contributor's occupation and city. Nor was a separate list of bundlers posted.
Moreover ...
Turning the Camera on Romney Bundlers
by Liz Bartolomeo Sep 5, 2012 9:50 am
Last week at the Republican National Convention in Tampa, ABC News reported on a private yacht event exclusively for Romney... View Article
by Lisa Rosenberg Aug 15, 2012 11:00 am
As the pundits debate what the addition of Paul Ryan to the GOP presidential ticket means for the race, one... View Article
Transparency in the State of the Union
by John Wonderlich Jan 24, 2012 10:43 pm
Tonight’s State of the Union Address raised even less transparency issues than we expected. (See the text at the end... View Article
Influence Explored: Obama’s Bundler List
by Nicko Margolies Jul 15, 2011 5:48 pm
Earlier today the Obama campaign released a list of 244 fundraisers who have bundled thousands of dollars in donations to the president's victory fund.
After FEC Eviscerates Bundling Disclosure Law, Only One Bundler Discloses
by Paul Blumenthal May 22, 2009 11:13 am
According to The Hill, only one political action committee (PAC) reported bundling campaign contributions for a political candidate during the... View Article
In Broad Daylight: Rangel’s Disclosure Discrepancies
by Paul Blumenthal Sep 15, 2008 1:22 pm
Like a man sinking in quicksand, Rep. Charles Rangel continues, with every flailing day, to sink further as more discrepancies... View Article
Tracking Obama’s earmarks
by Bill Allison
Aug 12, 2008 4:50 pm
Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., steered earmarks to some organizations with a board member who is also serving as a top bundler to his presidential campaign, according to the Next Right. This raises what for me is one of the primary questions about earmarks in general. Members of Congress say they know the needs of their states (or districts, in the case of House members). Whence comes this in-depth knowledge? Do they hear about needs from constituents, from their own personal observations, or do insiders--lobbyists, campaign contributors and others--educate them? Because the process is so opaque, in most cases we simply ...
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Angkor What?
A Monk at Angkor Wat.
Angkor Wat is Cambodia’s famous UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is breathtaking sprawling, carved ruins of a once great civilization. Angkor Wat is the primary reason that more than 50% of international tourists visit Cambodia on guided tours to Cambodia.
Cambodians are proud of their ancient monument and put it on the Cambodian flag in 1850.
Angkor Wat is the best representation of classical style of Khmer architecture. The temple has been built to represent Mount Meru, the home of the Hindu Mythology lord of Brahma and the demi-god devtas.
Constructed in the early 12th century (between 1113 and 1150) Angkor Wat is the largest religious monument in the world, and one of the world’s most visited religious sites on tours to Cambodia. It was dedicated to Vishnu, a Hindu deity, rather than the current king.
Angkor Wat is unusually oriented to the west, a direction typically associated with death in Hindu culture. Archaeologists and scholars disagree as to why the ancient builders chose to deviate from the ‘norm’ at the time. Bas-reliefs at Angkor Wat read counterclockwise, another indication that the temple is associated with funeral rituals.
Angkor Wat was shifted from Hindu to Buddhist use sometime around the late 13th century. The temple is still used by Buddhists today.
Angkor Wat was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. The site suffered from decades of unregulated tourism and looting; many ancient statues have been decapitated and their heads sold to private collectors. An international collaborative effort has helped to slowly restore sites and prevent further collapse of unstable structures. Most of the money to restore Angkor Wat comes from foreign aid. Only an estimated 28% of ticket sales goes back into the temples.
The Angkor temple Ta Prohm — famous for the large vines that strangle the ruins — was used as the set for the hit movie Tomb Raider.
Although most tourists know of the Angkor Wat temple complex, the city comprises of Angkor Thom and the Bayon Temple which are equally intriguing. The site receives more than 2 million visitors annually for a reason – It ebbs an aura of divinity that can only be found in Incan and Mayan holy shrines.
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SinglesEPsAlbums
Sherman de Vries “Positive energy keeps me going. Traveling the world, building up inspiration worldwide.”
Jan 10, 2020 - Rebecca Cullen
Following the release of a string of original tracks, each one building further on the impressive streaming numbers of the last, we caught an interview with producer and artist Sherman de Vries to find out more about his journey so far. Here’s the conversation in full.
Hi Sherman, thanks for the interview! For those new to your work, how would you describe yourself and what you do?
I am a songwriter, music producer & mixing and mastering engineer. ShermandeVries.com.
Your catalogue has grown extensively in the past year or two, how do you maintain such an impressive workflow – what drives you?
The great people around me. Positive energy keeps me going. Traveling the world, building up inspiration worldwide.
Mona is a personal favourite, a brilliant track – the melody, the loving element, the bounce of the beat – how did the song first come to be?
Well basically me and my buddy Emiz from Nigeria was thinking for a long time already to make a song together. So we started pitching ideas for our record and started writing to an afro beat we made. Then I came with the idea to make it a type of afro dancehall style, which not many have done before.
From there, Emiz went in the booth and started recording his vocals to the Mona song. Then I got started on the mix and mastering and we planned our release just about 2 months ago and it reached over 100,000 hits in just 2 months time, going on 200,000.
How did you manage to get placed in 2018’s Billboard Chart Toppers?
Hard work and consistency
What’s your main intention when crafting a new track – what do you want to present listeners with?
For listeners to enjoy my type of energy to a track. Something new, fresh and vibrant.
How important is networking and collaboration in building a career in music?
Very important. You must network on a daily basis in order to achieve success. Connecting yourself with the right people worldwide. In this time of era it’s now easier for artists and producers to network through the internet.
In what ways do you think having an eclectic background and parents from two different parts of the world has affected your personality and your creative direction?
Well it’s a blessing to be a part of both worlds. Europe and the Caribbean. Being able to travel across both seas was a big inspiration for my music as well. I was born and raised in the Caribbean, St. Maarten, but also lived for 10 years now in Europe. I’ve experienced both cultures in music which are both much different from each other. I am blessed to be able to bring both cultures and style into my own music, which helps me create my own sound internationally.
What’s your biggest aspiration as a producer and songwriter?
Having people to enjoy my sound and one day to be able to get a Grammy.
Is live performance an important part of your plans, and if so – what’s the live scene like where you are?
If you could change one thing about the music industry, what would it be, and why?
No idea ATM we are now in the age of independence where everyone has a chance to make a song blow just through the internet. All the resources are now there for us. Let’s get it!
What’s next for you, and what’s the best thing people can do to support you?
A lot of new music on the way a long with music videos.
Find & follow Sherman de Vries on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube & Instagram.
DancePopProducerRnBTrip HopSherman de VriesLos Angeles, California, USA
Rebecca Cullen
Founder, Editor, Musician & MA Songwriter
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Tag Archives: screenwriters
Violence and Story: How Much Violence Should I Put in My Story?
October 25, 2012 James Gilmore Leave a comment
A question came up in a LinkedIn group not too long ago regarding ‘violence’ in one writer’s story. This writer presented a work based on his own life to a writing teacher, who responded by telling him it was “too violent.” Since the writer still felt strongly about his largely autobiographical story, he posed the question to our discussion group: “How Much Violence Should I Put Into My Story?” Today we propose to answer that question.
Here are three simple rules for using violence in your story (in order of importance):
Violence Must Be Appropriate to STORY
Violence Must Be Appropriate to GENRE
Violence Must Be Appropriate to your INTENDED AUDIENCE
All three of these rules are interdependent and what affects one will affect others as well.
(NOTE: When we mention “amounts” of violence we are referring to both volume AND intensity.)
1. VIOLENCE AND STORY
Although violence is often considered an aesthetic value (that is, a matter of taste), it actually plays a distinctive role in your story. If the story is about gang violence among teens on the street and how terrible it is, you will have to include enough violence to communicate the ideas, meaning and thematic elements required in your story. But if you are making a fun action-adventure that is neither realistic nor gritty, then keep the violence down to a tolerable level because the only thing you gain by adding more is a higher MPAA rating.
2. VIOLENCE AND GENRE
Crime dramas, horror flicks and gritty action thrillers inherently require more violence to live up to the audience’s expectations than do other genres, like comedy or romance.
3. VIOLENCE AND YOUR INTENDED AUDIENCE
Obviously, splattering the walls with gore in an educational animated film about a group of hugging teddy bears is not appropriate to an intended audience of young children. Family-oriented films have the least violence because they are intended to be seen by a broad-spectrum audience which includes parents and children of all ages. On the other hand, if it’s a gory horror film, part of the viewer’s expectation is to see the screen painted with a certain volume of blood and guts, lest they be disappointed.
LEVELS OF VIOLENCE
The remarkable thing about violence in art is how we perceive it as consumers. The more explicit the storyteller makes the details of a violent act, the more violent it will be perceived by the audience. To decrease perceived violence, a storyteller may employ a strategy called “cutting away” in which the storyteller avoids providing explicit details by cutting (in film, or the equivalent in prose) to the reaction of an onlooker, avoiding vivid portrayal of the worst details but leaving most of it to the imagination of the audience.
Here is a basic guide to the main categories of violence employed by storytellers in books and film:
1. No Violence: No violence at all. Usually confined to children-oriented materials and programming targeted at females, such as chicklit (print) or dramas which focus on character and relationships. An excellent example of this violence level is Lost in Translation, a film by Sofia Coppola.
2. Comic Violence: The most common violence in animated and family-oriented stories. Usually bloodless and without lasting effects, violence is presented in a funny way to counteract its seriousness. Think Shrek.
3. Bloodless Violence: It’s surprising how much an absence of blood and gore can reduce the gravity of pain and death. Bloodless violence is prolific among big blockbuster films that want to appeal to a broad audience. Return of the Jedi (and all of the Star Wars films) uses virtually no blood at all.
4. Moderate Violence: The most common type of violence used in media, it has some blood but only light gore or detail, such as Lord of the Rings (movies) and The Hunger Games (book). Hunger Games keeps the perceived violence level fairly low for its intended audience (YA, “young adult”) by employing the written equivalent of “cutting away.” The 2012 film adaptation takes this a step further.
5. Realistic Violence: This can be gritty, gory, and even downright gruesome. Just about any specimen of the war genre falls into this category, such as Saving Private Ryan and We Were Soldiers.
6. Gory Violence: The most extreme violence level includes films like I Spit on Your Grave as well as a large bulk of the horror genre in both film and print. At its most extreme end there is a horror subgenre called torture porn.
Use common sense in determining the appropriate level of violence for your creative work, and only that violence which serves the story, genre or intended audience. You need enough to get your point across but don’t overdo it.
audience expectationfictionfilmfilmmakersnonfictionplaywrightsprosescreenplayscreenwritersserialstageplaytechniqueviolencewriters
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January 19, 2020 03 8313 3678 office.melbourne@syromalabar.org.au
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Home » PARISHES » VIC & SA » St. Mary’s Parish Melbourne West
Migration of Syro-Malabar faithful to Melbourne began in the late sixties. Even though they were few in number, they kept in touch with each other along with other Kerala Christians during the seventies and eighties. The first Syro-Malabar Qurbana was celebrated at the St. Paschals Chapel, Box Hill in the mid-eighties by Fr. Jacob Kavungal, SVD who is a seminary professor in Melbourne. The early nineties saw a few more families migrating to Melbourne, but the flow slowly started its momentum by the late nineties. The few families who assisted in the socio-spiritual growth of the Syro-Malabar Community, in the early years are: Thomas John, Paul Kaithavelil, Thomas Mathew, Jose Pius, and Joy Abraham.
A one-day Prayer service arranged by the visiting Vincentian Potta team in October 1998 gave momentum and enthused Malayalee Catholics to gather for celebrating Qurbana in Malayalam. Fr. Francis Adapoor O’Carm arrived in Melbourne in 1999 for his higher studies, and under his leadership, the Malayalee Catholic Society of Victoria was formed in year 2000 to organize monthly Holy Qurbana at Box Hill. The first committee of the Society decided to make a request for a permanent chaplain for the Community.
Bishop and the Syro-Malabar Bishops synod, Fr. John Aravankara was appointed as part-time chaplain to Syro-Malabar Catholics. The appointment and arrival of Fr. John in December 2001, was a major step towards the growth of the Community.
The appointment of Fr. John as chaplain to the Syro-Malabar Catholics of Melbourne paved the way towards a Syro-Malabar ecclesial structure and formation of community committees. Mar Gregory Karotemprel CMI, then Chairman, Commission for Evangelisation and Pastoral Care of Migrants in consultation with the Melbourne Archbishop Denis J Hart, an ecclesial structure for the Syro-Malabar Community in Melbourne was envisaged. On the 15th of August 2004 an adhoc committee was elected to help the implementation of the structure. Fr. John inaugurated the community structure on the 7th of November 2004 with the newly formed community council.
The growth of the Syro-Malabar Community under the above structure was greatly evident in the years that followed especially in the increase in the number of Qurbana centres, frequency of Qurbana and the number of faithful attending. Melbourne saw a steady migration of Syro-Malabar faithful from all parts of the world in the beginning of the new millennium and it was intensified during the past 14 years mainly due to the large number of Nurses’ & skilled Professionals migrating to Australia.
In 2008 February Fr. Vincent Madathiparambil CMI arrived and began to stay with Fr. John at Oak Park. He was appointed part-time Chaplain to Syro-Malabar Catholics on 27 September, 2008 with residence at the St Francis Xavier’s Parish in Frankston (SOUTH EAST). Gradually Holy Qurbana was commenced at twelve different centres occasionally with the help of Syro-Malabar Priests serving in the Latin Parishes of the Archdiocese of Melbourne. The Syro-Malabar faithful in Melbourne are very much indebted to the services of the Syro-Malabar Priests in the past, especially Fr Joseph Vallikattu MST, Fr Johny Kariathil MST, Fr Viju Muringassery MST, Fr Thomas Kannany MST, Fr Joy Panjikaran MST, Fr James OCD, Fr Stephen Kandarappilly, Fr Joseph Pothenparampil MST and others
During the years number of Bishops visited our Community including, Mar Paul Chittilappilly, Mar Mathew Moolakkatt, Mar Thomas Chakiath, Bishop Christopher Prowse, Mar George Valiyamattom.
In 2008 the parish council requested the Melbourne Archbishop to appoint a full time chaplain for the Syro-Malabar faithful. In 2009 the Chairman of the Syro-Malabar Commission for Evangelisation and Pastoral care of Migrants made an official visit to Australia and Melbourne to study the situation of the Syro-Malabar Migrants in Australia. Immediately after the return of Bishop Mar Sebastian Vadakel, he initiated the process in consultation with the Archbishop of Melbourne His Grace Most Rev. Dennis Hart to appoint a full time Chaplain for the increasing number of Syro-Malabar faithful migrating to Melbourne.
Fr. Peter Kavumpuram MST arrived Melbourne on February 3, 2011. He started staying with Fr. John Oravankara at Oak Park and later on 25th May 2011 a residence for the Chaplain was purchased at 201 Lady Nelson Way, Taylors Lakes.
It was blessed by Mar Bosco Puthur who was visiting Melbourne. Mar Bosco Puthur also presided over the Parish Feast celebrations in 2011. After eleven years of service to Melbourne Archdiocese and Syro-Malabar Community, Fr. John returned to Kerala in December 2012.
Year 2012 was a specially blessed year with the pastoral visit of the Major Archbishop His Eminence George Cardinal Alencherry. More than 1500 families cheerfully welcomed him to Melbourne on 2nd December 2012. His Beatitude celebrated solemn Qurbana at St. Patricks Cathedral. Sixty children from the Community received First Holy Communion and Confirmation.
From July 2012, with the aim of providing weekly services to the Community, the Parish was divided into three regions. This provision gave the opportunity to have weekly Catechism, and Qurbana on a regional basis, hence the number of Qurbana centres also reduced. Meanwhile, each region was also actively looking for a land to purchase so that to establish a Community Centre and Church.
The Northern and Western Region jointly purchased the property at 30 Parkland Crescent, Mickleham measuring 15 acres with a residential building. It was blessed by Mar Jacob Manathodath on 5th October, 2013.
The Melbourne Syro-Malabar Community is grateful to the Priests who presently assists the Chaplain to meet the pastoral needs of the community in Melbourne especially Fr Jossy Kizhakethalackal (Craigieburn), Fr John Vayalilkarottu Ofm., Fr Martin Adichilamackal, Fr Pius Kodakkathanathu V.C., Fr Manoj Kannamthadathil V.C, Fr Jacob Kavungal SVD, Fr Sebastian Mappilaparampil V.C, Fr Raju Jacob MST, Fr Shibu Joseph SAC , Fr Tomy Kalathur and Fr Lonappan Arangassery MST who spend his decennial holidays in Melbourne and help the community.
Announcement of the Eparchy
On 11th January 2014, His Holiness Pope Francis announced the establishment of the Eparchy of St Thomas the Apostle of Melbourne of the Syro-Malabar in Australia and appointed
Bishop Bosco Puthur as its first Eparch. Property purchased at Mickleham is chosen as the Eparchy’s headquarters, where the Cathedral would be built. Mar Bosco appointed Fr. Francis Kolencherry as the first Protosyncellus (Vicar General) of the Eparchy. The installation of Mar Bosco and inauguration of the Eparchy was on 25th March 2014 at St. Patrick’s Cathedral by Major Archbishop Mar George Alencherry.
Fr. Peter Kavumpuram MST was transferred as Brisbane Chaplain and Fr. Francis took charge as Melbourne Chaplain on 15th July 2014. The project to build the St. Alphonsa Cathedral is underway. Fr. Francise Kolenchery moved to Preston Chancery and Fr.Mathew Kochupurackal appointed as the new chaplain in June 2015.
Spiritual and Sacramental Life
The pastoral and spiritual needs of the Syro-Malabar faithful of Melbourne are being met by the Chaplain Fr Francis Kolencherry with the help of other priests. Night vigil services are conducted at Oak Park on every first Friday, at Doveton on third Friday and on the second Saturday 4 hours adoration is conducted at 30 Parkland Crescent, the residence of the Chaplain. The faithful actively participate in the liturgical celebrations, vigil services and adoration. During the vigil services all make it a point to receive the sacrament of reconciliation. Priests are invited to give talks during the vigil services. Retreats are organised before Christmas and Easter. Parish day celebrations and Annual Feasts including Dukrana in each region are occasions for the people to come together, apart from the Sunday gatherings. On Good Fridays all the Syro-Malabar faithful climb the mount at Bacchus Marsh and conduct the way of the Cross.
Apart from the regular liturgical services, other activities, which need special mention, are monthly ward Prayer meetings. Ecumenical prayer services are held with other Churches who have the same Mar Thoma Sleeha patrimony. In addition, children were prepared to receive the sacraments of Holy Communion and Confirmation.
Fr. Sebastian Mandapathil
Email: babumandapathil@gmail.com
Website: http://syromalabar.org.au
Ardeer
Diocesan Pastoral Council Members:
Georgy Augustine
Sona John
Fr. Francis Kolencherry
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GREENVALE VIC 3059
office@syromalabar.org.au
http://syromalabar.org.au/
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Pre-ACYF (Australian Catholic Youth Festival) 6 & 7 December at Perth
Syro Malabar Eparchy of St Thomas the Apostle, Melbourne,Australia
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Ronaldo: Real Madrid Miss ‘Best In The World’ – Marcelo
By Gbolahan Adeyemi August 27, 2018
Brazilian and Real Madrid full-back, Marcelo has conceded those at the Santiago Bernabeu are still coming to terms with the departure of “the best in the world”. Karim Benzema also shared the same view.
Real Madrid fans were shocked when their five-time Ballon d’Or winner, Cristiano Ronaldo headed to Juventus in a €112 million (£101m/$130m) deal with no direct replacement for him with Julen Lopetegui prepared to put his faith in the likes of Gareth Bale, Karim Benzema and Isco.
Those left behind in the Spanish capital have been able to counter the loss of a talismanic presence so far, but Marcelo admits a sizeable void remains.
ALSO SEE Ronaldo Exits Confederation Cup To Welcome His Newborn Twins
The Brazil international full-back told reporters after seeing Madrid battle their way to a 4-1 victory over Girona: “[Ronaldo] is the best in the world.
“It’s obvious that you miss playing with him but Bale and Benzema are really good, too.”
Bale, who enjoyed a productive pre-season as he plays his way back to top form, was once again among the goals against Girona.
He has now netted in each of Real’s La Liga fixtures this season, while French forward Benzema bagged a brace in their latest outing.
ALSO SEE Champions League: Real Madrid vs Atletico Madrid 3 - 0 [HIGHLIGHTS DOWNLOAD]
Both men are expected to flourish now clear of the shadow cast by Ronaldo at the Bernabeu.
Benzema is, however, eager to point out that that nobody can be expected to fully cover the loss of the club’s all-time leading goalscorer and a modern-day icon.
He said: “You can never forget Cristiano.
“He was so important to Real Madrid and scored many goals, and as Marcelo said, is one of the best attackers in the world, but we have to start thinking about a different team with different players.”
ALSO SEE Cristiano Ronaldo Thanks Juventus Fans For Applauding His Bicycle Kick Goal
Real’s victory over Girona means that they continue to set the early pace in La Liga alongside arch-rivals and reigning champions Barcelona – with both sides having taken six points from two games to date.
Real Madrid Defender Set To Miss El Classico
Champions League: Real Madrid vs Atletico Madrid 3 - 0 [HIGHLIGHTS DOWNLOAD]
La Liga: Real Madrid vs Atletico Madrid 1 - 1 [HIGHLIGHTS DOWNLOAD]
Champions League: Atletico Madrid vs Real Madrid 2 - 1 [HIGHLIGHTS DOWNLOAD]
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Recent Crimes
Submit a Tip and you could receive up to a $2000 cash reward.
Crime Stoppers is not a new concept in crime fighting. Cash and anonymity for information. Your call is free from anywhere in the country. You will not be asked your name, address or telephone number.
1-800-222-TIPS
Help St. Thomas and Aylmer Police Prevent & Solve Crime. Tipsters never have to reveal their identity or testify in court
Submit a Tip Online
Welcome to St.Thomas & Aylmer Crime Stoppers
The Crime Stoppers program in St. Thomas began in January 1988. In the years since inception, the St. Thomas program has grown to be one of the most successful Crime Stoppers programs in the region. Our statistics prove that Crime Stoppers works, but there is always room for improvement.
The board is made up of 15 volunteers and has a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, a Secretary and a Treasurer. There is a Police Coordinator assigned from the St. Thomas detachment and a Police Liaison from the Aylmer detachment.
The purpose of the board is to raise funds that will be used as rewards to tipsters. The board also votes on rewards that are recommended to them by the Police Coordinator. The Police Coordinator acts as a liaison between the Police Department and the Crime Stoppers Board of Directors.
The greatest resource of information has yet to be tapped: the student population of St. Thomas and area.
Students know about everything there is to know about what goes on in St. Thomas or the county. If someone is dealing drugs in their area, they will know about it but nothing is said. There seems to be an unspoken rule about snitching. If they are singled out as a snitch, they are verbally harassed and sometimes physically abused. It’s no wonder they won’t tell. This is where Crime Stoppers comes in.
Your contribution will help cover the costs associated with paying “tipsters” for information they provide on crimes that occur right here in St. Thomas, Aylmer and Elgin County. If not for the efforts of the Crime Stoppers program and our reward incentives, some crimes would go unsolved!
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in Recovered Property
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QUICK FACTS ABOUT REPORTING A MISSING ADULT IN CANADA
Help St. Thomas and Aylmer Police Solve these Crimes. Tipsters never have to reveal their identity or testify in court. Tipsters may also be eligible for a Cash Reward.
Crime of the week! November 4th- 11th
http://stthomascrimestoppers.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Crimestoppers-Nov-4th-to-11th.mp3
Stolen 2003 Kawasaki
Crimes in St. Thomas
Suspicious Fire on Hughes Street
Playground Arson at Park
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Crime Doesn't Pay, But Crime Stoppers Does!
If you have any information in regards to a crime or missing person, you could earn up to a $2000.00 reward.
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St. Thomas Aylmer Crime Stoppers would like to thank the many sponsors for their continued support. We are very thankful for their contributions which help us continue to solve crimes and keep our community safe
Make a tax-deductable charitable donation, Act as a Corporate Sponsor or Participate in any of our local events!
St. Thomas & Aylmer Crime Stoppers is a non-profit, charitable organization that relies on donations from private citizens, organizations, local businesses, and fundraising activities.
Rewards paid by Crime Stoppers are not financed by tax dollars or any Government funding. All money required to support the program must be raised through individual and corporate support.
Donate $100.00 or more and recieve a Crime Stoppers Road Sign!
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Category Archives: newspapers
Posted in america, Art, Fake News, market, marketing, media, Money, movie, news, newspapers, Politics, reality, satire, thought, Trump, Uncategorized, USA, video, YouTube
Tagged #schiffshow, America, Americans, Art, Breaking news, Democrats, Dems, government, half, impeach, Impeachment, millennial, News, news media, pelosi, Politics, President, Reality, Show, theatre, Trump, Truth, USA, youtube
St Paul Trash: Yes Vote Won’t Raise Your Rent?
Posted in america, Debt, documentary, education, Film, ideas, Ideology, Minnesota, Money, motivation, movements, news, newspapers, personal finance, Politics, realism, reality, saving, St. Paul, USA, video
Tagged #stpaul, #voteno, #voteyes, America, City, Election, government, Local, Local Government, Minnesota, MN, Reality, Saint Paul, St Paul Trash, STP, USA, Vote
St Paul Trash: Vote “Yes” for No Choice
Posted in america, Debt, free, ideas, Ideology, Minnesota, Money, motivation, movements, news, newspapers, personal finance, Politics, problem, problems, realism, reality, satire, saving, society, St. Paul, theory, thought, USA, Voting, YouTube
Tagged America, community, constitution, Democrat, Election, Freedom, Freedoms, garbage, hauler, isiaiah, Local Government, local politics, Melvin Carter, Minnesota, Mitra Nelson, MN, Policy, Politics, pro-choice, Republican, Rights, Saint Paul, service, St Paul Trash, St. Paul, trash, USA, Vote, vote no
New species of ancient shark discovered in Minnesota’s Driftless region of the upper Mississippi River, scientist said to have found via sonar technology imagery, possibly
Houston County, Minn.–This week, in a shocking turn of events, in relation to subjective suggestive southern Minnesota marine biology, archaeologists have discovered a never-before-seen, nor described, fresh-water shark in the Driftless region of the upper Mississippi River valley call.
This so-called Mississippi Bluff Shark–cousin to the infamous megalodon super shark, is said to grow to up to 100-200 feet long, or more, and weigh an incredible 20 tons. It was found in the depths below lock and dam no. 7 near Dresbach, via sonar only, in its clandestine cavern, it’s natural habitat.
These elusive sharks have been thought to have lived in the area for the past 10 zillion years, undiscovered and undisturbed. They have never been discovered, disturbed, or discussed before this time, ever, until relatively recently, well… right now. Dr B. Lion explained.
Dr. B. Lion, the lead riverologist and archeologist for the Driftless Regions Upper Mississippi Environmental River Sect, or (DRUMERS), has absolutely concluded, from one single gray and black 2-D digital image, which lasted for about 3 seconds, that these sharks have existed here for long before humans, as this detailed image is proof. These sharks are probably real, and really old, perhaps!
The DRUMERS’ latest discover rocks the Driftless region and marine biology of the upper Mississippi. The Mississippi Bluff Shark is considered prevalent and incredibly evasive and elusive, which makes them nearly impossible to see, ever, and no danger at all to river frequenters. Boaters, fisherpeoples, waterskiers and inner-tubers can rest assured they are in limited to almost zero danger, maybe.
Posted in america, Fake News, news, newspapers, satire, Uncategorized
Tagged Animals, boating, discovery, discovery channel, driftless, Fake News, fish, fishing, industry, megalodon, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mississippi River, MN, recreation, Satire, shark, shark week, sharks, sonar, Technology, Thoughts, USA, Wildlife, Wisconsin
Wreckage of Doomed Nantucket Whaling Ship Pequod Discovered in Pacific Ocean, Likely Destroyed by Moby Dick–Russian hackers to blame
Actual photo of the infamous Nantucket Whaler, The Pequod in her final resting place. -Google
The infamous long-lost Nantucket whaler, The Pequod, has been found in less than pristine condition at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Papua New Guinea, just below the equator, researchers have said, in a discovery that challenges the accepted history behind one of whaling’s deepest and most revered mysteries.
The Pequod was destroyed in heavy seas in an epic historical battle with the tenacious and malevolent white whale, Moby Dick, in the 1850s, during Captain Ahab’s much storied doomed attempt to pay vengeance on the while for taking his leg.
All men on Ahab’s fateful expedition, except for Ishmael–by way of, ironically, a coffin, perished, in the worst disaster to hit Nantucket in its long history of whaling. Search parties continued to look for the ship for 11 years after it disappeared, but found no trace, except for Ishmael, and the fate of the missing men remained an enigma that tantalised generations of historians, archaeologists and adventurers for years to come.
Now that enigma appears to have been solved by a combination of intrepid exploration, literary sleuths – and an improbable tip from Team Zissou.
Team Zissou -Photo from Google
On Sunday, a team from the charitable Hennessey Research Foundation manoeuvred a small, remotely operated submarine from a dinghy through an open hatch and into the ship’s lumber to capture stunning images that give insight into life aboard the vessel close to 170 years ago. “We found the food storage room with plates and one can on the shelves stove in.”
Alistair Hennessey Pacific Research Foundation
“We have successfully entered the captain’s quarters, we presume, worked our way into a few cabins, potentially, and found the spermaceti storage room with barrels and harpoons asunder,” Adrian S’moreschnapps, the foundation’s operations director, told the reporters by email from the research vessel Martin Bergmann.
“We spotted harpoons, a gold doubloon nailed to one of the ship’s masts, mixed with tables and empty shelving. We found a deck with curious peg holes and instruments for the purpose of whaling.”
Not a picture of the Titanic, but a picture of The Pequod resting at the bottom of the ocean. -Photo from Google
The destroyed wreckage matches that of The Pequod in several key aspects, however it lies 60 miles (96km) south of where experts have long believed the ship was catastrophically done in by the hatefully-maligned white whale, and this discovery may force historians to rewrite a chapter in the history of whaling.
The 20-member Mountain Man crew found the absolutely obliterated shipwreck, with her three masts broken but still standing, one with a gold doubloon nailed to it, almost all hatches destroyed and everything stowed, in the middle of a vast underwater crag in the Pacific on 3 September.
After discovering little in an early morning search, the research vessel was leaving the bay when a grainy digital silhouette emerged from the depths on the sounder display on the bridge of the Bergmann.
“Most on board were up in the wheelhouse by that point in disbelief, obviously,” said Michael James Bond, 27, who was at the helm when the research vessel steamed straight over the sunken wreck.
Since, then, the discovery team has spent more than 5 weeks quietly gathering images of the vessel, re-reading Moby-Dick, and comparing the facts with the Pequod’s 17th century builders’ plans, descriptions, and peculiarities which match key elements of the sunken vessel.
At first, The Pequod seemed to be listing at about 45 degrees to starboard on the seabed. But on the third dive with a remotely operated submarine from a dinghy, “we noticed the wreck is sitting exploded to splinters on the ocean floor listed in a pile – which means the boat sank by being eviscerated by a spiteful white whale with a vendetta,” S’moreschnapps said Monday.
Approximately 200 metres (656.168ft) down, the wreck is in a horribly dismal condition, with American wood lumber that reinforced the hull against ocean currents clearly annihilated, visible amid swaying kelp, sharks, and giant squid.
A long, heavy hemp rope line running through a hole in the ship’s deck suggests an anchor line definitely had not been deployed before the Pequod violently went down. Which makes this event believable.
If fact, that sets up the tantalising possibility that Nantucket whalers sank with the vessel in an all-out impossible final battle with the notorious white whale, leaving only Ishmael to float to safety in a coffin on the vast Pacific.
One crucial detail in the identification of the ship is it’s smashed in hull, damage sustained only by being smited in by a white sperm whale.
“This is in the precise location where barrels stored oil in the Pequod’s belly to finance the ship’s whaling voyage, to fuel candlelight, and to squeeze coagulated spermaceti, through whaling perils and successes,” said S’moreschnapps in a phone interview.
The ship’s wood lies on the ocean floor, close to where the whaler on watch would have swung the clapper to mark time, and yell “There she blows!-there she blows! A hump like a snow-hill! It is Moby Dick!”
“The wreck is clearly in disrepair, the glass panes are blown out in three of four tall windows in the stern cabin where the ship’s commander, Captain Ahab, schemed and plotted his redeeming final battle,” S’moreschnapps added.
“She [The Pequod] looks like it was buttoned down tight for winter’s night and sank, after falling off mount Everest and then being hit by twenty trains,”– he then quickly added. “Everything was shut and decimated. Even the windows defenestrated by wood shards. If you could lift this boat out of the water, and pump the water out, it would definitely not float.”
Adrian S’moreschnapps, Pacific Research Foundation
The Pacific Research Foundation was set up by Jim Belushi and Alistair Hennessey, a naval tech tycoon and socialite philanthropist, who co-founded Research in the Ocean, creator of the loveable Furbies.
Belushi, who also played a key role in planning the expedition, proposed a theory to explain why it seems The Pequod sank far south of where they believed.
“This discovery changes history,” he told the Guardian. “Given the location of the find [in James Bond Bay] and the state of the wreck, it’s almost certain that The Pequod was not operationally closed down by the remaining crew who then did not re-boarded another vessel and sail south to safety where they would not have met their ultimate tragic fate.”
The 21st-century search for Ahab’s expedition was launched by Russian President Vladimir Putin as part of a broader plan to assert Russian sovereignty in the Pacific and promote development of its non-renewable resources – including vast reserves of sperm whale oil, ambergris harvests, and coral reef mines, which will be easier to exploit as the Pacific warms and sea ice disappears, naturally, this is attributed factually to global warming.
Putin’s underwater archeologists have led the mission since it began in 2008. Now they must confirm the wreck is The Pequod, either by examining the foundation’s images or visiting the site themselves. With the first winter snow already falling in the South Pacific, James Bond Bay will soon be encased in thick sea ice.
The Dramatic Sinking of The Pequod:
Artists accurate depiction of the sinking of The Pequod
“Only Ishmael [was] unable to return to the boat. He [was] left behind in the sea, and so [was] the only crewman of The Pequod to survive [its] final encounter. The whale [then] fatally attack[ed] the Pequod. Ahab [realizing] that the destroyed ship [was] the hearse made of American wood in Fedallah’s prophesy.
The whale (Moby Dick) return[ed] to Ahab, who stab[bed] at him again. The line loop[ed] around Ahab’s neck, and as the stricken whale sw[am] away, the captain [was] drawn with him out of sight.
Queequeg’s coffin c[a]me to the surface, the only thing to escape the vortex when Pequod sank. For an entire day, Ishmael float[ed] on it, and then the Rachel, still looking for its lost seamen, rescue[d] him.” -Wikipedia’s actual account of the last known sighting of the Pequod.
The latest discovery was made two years and a day after Canadian marine archeologists found the wreck of Erebus in the same area of eastern of the South Pacific where Inuit oral history had long said a large wooden ship sank.
The same stories described startled Inuit stumbling upon a large dead man in a dark room on a different vessel, with a big smile. Experts have suggested that may have been a rictus smile, or evidence that the man had suffered from scurvy.
Putin’s Russian archeologists found The Pequod standing in just 11 meters of ocean. Sea ice had taken a large bite out her stern, and more than a century of storm-driven waves had not scattered a trove of artifacts around the site.
So far, archaeologists have brought up nothing from Ahab’s flagship.
Inuit knowledge was also central to finding the James Bond Bay wreck, but in a more mysterious way. Crewman David Lee Roth, 49, of Gjoa Haven, had been on the Bergmann for only a day when, chatting with fon the bridge, he told a bizarre story.
About six years ago, Roth said, he and a hunting buddy were headed on snowmobiles to fish in a lake when they spotted a large piece of wood, near scrimshaw, which looked like a mast, sticking out of the sea ice covering James Bond Bay.
In a phone interview, Roth said he stopped that day to get a few snapshots of himself hugging the wooden object, only to discover when he got home that the camera had fallen out his pocket along with his selfie stick.
Roth resolved to keep the encounter secret, fearing the missing camera was an omen of bad spirits, which generations of Inuit have believed began to wander James Bond Bay after Ahab and his men perished.
When S’moreschnapps heard Roth’s story, he didn’t dismiss it, as Inuit testimony has been so often during the long search for Ahab’s ship.
Instead, the Team Zissou crew agreed to make a detour for James Bond Bay on their way to join the main search group aboard the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Royal Canadian Navy’s HMCS Shawinigan, at the north end of Victoria Strait.
That is where the only known record of The Pequod’s journey coordinates pointed for what experts now call the point of abandonment.
An indecipherable scrawled note dated sometime around that time, and concealed in a stone cairn at a secret point on northern James Bond Bay, said The Pequod had been obliterated three days earlier, smited by a hateful white whale.
Starbuck was in command of “the officers and crews, consisting of 105 souls”, because Ahab had gone to chase Moby Dick the note continued, “and now our captain has lead us to our demise, ignoring all foreshadowing and ominous tell… ”.
Stubb and First Mate Starbuck signed the note, which had what seemed a hurried postscript, scrawled upside down in the top right corner: “Listen here, ye men, we are going to die, maties!!! The very end is nigh, in three horrible parts, Old Thunder has done us in, old boys, stove us with the mighty DICK… we drown now and go, no, no, no… AHHHHH!!!!”.
Survivors apparently hoped to float to the river – now known as Henry David river – south to safety at a Jack Sparrow Bay Company fur trading outpost.
All perished, except the narrator, and for generations, the accepted historical narrative has described a brutal death march as the Nantucket whalers tried to walk out of the South Pacific, dying along the way.
Now Moby Dick experts will have to debate whether at least some of the dying sailors instead mustered incredible strength, fighting off hunger, disease, frostbite, and a giant loathsome white whale, in a desperate attempt to sail home.
Mimic article from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/12/hms-terror-wreck-found-arctic-nearly-170-years-northwest-passage-attempt
Posted in america, Art, Comedy, education, English, Fake News, Film, framework, Hilarious, Literature, movements, news, newspapers, problem, reality, social media, society, thought, Uncategorized, USA
Tagged ahab, America, american novel, Art, body, breaking, captain, captain ahab, cnn, Comedy, discovered, Election, Fact Check, Fake News, Foreplay, found, Hack, Hot, langauge, Literature, media, melville, mimic, moby-dick, msm, myth, Naked, News, Novel, nude, Ocean, penis, pequod, Poetry, putin, Reality, Russia, Satire, seas, Sex, Sexy, ship wreck, ships, The Guardian, treasure, USA, Writing
Minnesota man to consider $5 donation during next MPR membership drive if he reads one positive unbiased article about Trump, published by the mainstream news organization
President of the United States of America pointing across a room at an unknown person, one positive article to garner $5 donation to MPR from local man. Photo by Getty
Reports broke Tuesday that local Minnesota man, who happens to be a millennial, a college grad, and a recent republican voter–although no party affiliation at this time could be confirmed, to consider donating $5 to next MPR membership drive if they write one positive unbiased article about president Donald Trump.
This incredible news came to a slough of jeers, guffaws, and mumbles from friends, colleagues, and family who happened to be unflinching MPR supporters. Their reaction was to vehemently detest the idea that MPR as an organization could be biased in anyway towards anyone with differing ideas always–those not of the Progressive-Democratic ilk.
Though, these reports are wholly unconfirmed and unverified, the local male will be watching reports and reading articles ever closely looking for any indication that objective reporting exists in the state of Minnesota, and as he suggested, if he finds this to be the case he will consider contributing his $5 donation and become a highly member. We all wait with bated breath.
Posted in america, Art, English, Fake News, Life, Literature, magazines, market, news, newspapers, satire, Uncategorized
Tagged Breaking news, donate, donation, Fact Check, Local, local man, media, member drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MPR, MPR News, msm, News, Positive, President, progressive, propaganda, reader, Reading, Reality, St. Paul, Trump, Truth, unbiased, USA
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Goodbye accountants! Startup builds AI to automate all your accounting
Mike Butcher @mikebutcher / 4 years
Smacc, which uses AI to automate accounting, has secured a $3.5 million Series A round from Cherry Ventures, Rocket Internet, Dieter von Holtzbrinck Ventures, Grazia Equity and business angels.
Smacc offers small and medium-sized enterprises a platform to digitize and automate accounting and financial processes.
The founding trio Uli Erxleben, Janosch Novak and Stefan Korsch came up with the idea after find accounting to be the most painful part of their own startup. Erxleben managed Rocket Internet’s US ventures in New York and San Francisco, and is also the founder of Berliner Berg, a craft beer startup.
Customers submit their receipts to Smacc, which turns them into a machine-readable format, encrypts them, then allocates them to an account. The platform gradually also self-learns, tracking invoices, sales and costs, as well as their liquidity.
The system checks against some 64 data points, verifies the invoice, checking, for example, that the math adds up, and even if the VAT-ID and its issuer are correct. Once the system has already learned how to deal with the supplier on position levels, it will do it automatically. Over time – says the startup – it becomes better and better at automatically dealing and allocating the data.
“Now you have all you need for liquidity planning and revenue/expense reports close to real-time in the tool w/o the need to input data yourself or wait for your external account to do it for you at month’s end,” says Erxleben.
There are other cloud-based accounting software providers out there, such as Xero and Crunch Accounting, but Smacc says what makes them different is the high level of automation of all the accounting and finance processes that companies usually input manually.
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Alexandra Shipp As Aaliyah In Lifetime Biopic –See Pics Here!
September 18, 2014 by Monica Celeste
After actress/singer Zendaya stepped down off the future role to play late singer Aaliyah, the Lifetime movie was placed on hold. Then Alexandra Shipp stepped up for the role and the movie was back on.
Aaliyah fans were not sure if Shipp could pull off the role of Aaliyah because they didn’t think she resembled her enough. Despite what fans think, Lifetime feels that Shipp is the right fit. And judging by the newly released pics below, she definitely is.
Aaliyah: The Princess of R&B will premiere Saturday Nov. 15 at 8 p.m. ET on Lifetime.
Check out the pics below of Alexandra Shipp as Aaliyah and comment below to tell us what you think!
Filed Under: Celebrity Photos, Disney Star And Celebrity News, Movies, Music Tagged With: Aaliyah, Aaliyah Princess of R&B, Alexandra Shipp, celebrity photos, Movie
Zendaya Coleman Reacts To Leaving Aaliyah Film & The New Casting! – Find Out What She Had To Say Here!
July 19, 2014 by April Dalaman
Zendaya Coleman recently stepped down from playing Aaliyah in an upcoming Lifetime movie. Today it was revealed that Alexandra Shipp will be playing the role instead. Today, Zendaya took to her Instagram to tell her fans know why she stepped down, as well as her thoughts on the casting and film. Check out what Zendaya had to say in the clips below. We think Zendaya is a true class act and wish her lots of success on her next upcoming projects!
Filed Under: Celebrity Interviews, Celebrity Video, Disney Star And Celebrity News, Movies, Television, Zendaya Tagged With: Aaliyah, Alexandra Shipp, Casting, Clips, film, Instagram, Lifetime, Movie, Movies, New, Opinion, Reaction, Reason, Stepping Down, Story, Television, TV, Videos, Zendaya, Zendaya Coleman
Zendaya Will Not Be Portraying Aaliyah–Found Out Why!!
June 29, 2014 by Editor
It has been revealed today that Zendaya will not be portraying the R&B artist Aaliyah as previously announced. According to a report the Lifetime movie project has been possibly cancelled due to production issues and rights issues to Aaliyah’s music.
Zendaya’s rep confirmed that she is no longer associated with the project. A source close to the project said “Aaliyah has always been an inspiration to Zendaya, She was honored to portray her and pay tribute to her. If she is going to do it, she wants to do it right.”
Are you guys disappointed that this movie didn’t happen for Z?
Filed Under: Disney Star And Celebrity News, Movies, Zendaya Tagged With: Aaliyah, Disney, Disney Channel, KC Undercover, Lifetime, Movie, Zendaya
Zendaya Will Be Aaliyah In The New Tribute Movie: “Aaliyah: Princess of R&B”
June 17, 2014 by kennykiriga
At only 22 years old, the popular Aaliyah Haughton died in August of 2001 at the height of her popularity. After producing a Whitney Houston tribute, Lifetime has decided to produce an Aaliyah tribute. Playing the role of Aaliyah will be the incredibly talented Zendaya Coleman. Zendaya’s fame really started on the Disney Channel show “Shake It Up” and since then she’s been growing including her appearance on “Dancing With The Stars”. She’s really inspired, thankful, and happy that she got the role of Aaliyah. Here are some of her tweets about it: https://twitter.com/Zendaya/status/478648423378616320 https://twitter.com/Zendaya/status/478648856360398848 https://twitter.com/Zendaya/status/478691065726504960
Filed Under: Disney Star And Celebrity News, Movies, Zendaya Tagged With: Aaliyah, Aaliyah Dana Haughton, Movie, Movies, News, Television, Tribute, TV, Twitter, Zendaya, Zendaya Maree Stoermer Coleman
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14-Sep-2018 by Francoise Kerrick
We have to conclude that desire cannot alone justify equality. Led’s, which are cool to the touch, produce a range of wavelengths sufficiently narrow, so that no filter is needed in the lamp to block wavelengths outside the desired range. Htc desire eye review: midrange name, flagship performance. When expanding this sends stimuli to the hypothalamus which is the part of the brain and nervous system controlling hunger and the desire to eat. The reason i see these points as a let down, is that it could lead some users to a bit of confusion over an otherwise very valuable system. The uncertainty in the knowledge about real-world systems and their dynamic models has motivated the application of fuzzy set theory to handle real world problems. He targets working on these, and discusses how in fact, they are key to your future success in using his "desire system". Is this system worth learning. The desire system includes full access to hd seminar. Have you actually used the desire system, and if so what kind of results did you get. ” the system will prompt you to enter a user name and password for a rutgers university noncredit registration account. Capitalism is the only social system that rewards merit, ability and achievement, regardless of one’s birth or station in life. Inside the desire system dr. Our program is also collaborating with four other uw-system campuses to offer an online degree completion program in applied computing. With the system running i insert the needle into the lower p/t port (after purging the line of air) and the pressure will drop from 38/40 psi. It is recommended that secondary isolation be used on systems with pressure class ratings greater than asme 300#. But for clog ups or moisture being caught up in the system and freezing, your airspeed will pretty much just back pressure and read zero. The theme of desire is at the core of the romance novel. Thus each individual is continually engaged in a personal adjustment process in which he balances the desire for privacy with the desire for disclosure and communication of himself to others, in light of the environmental conditions and social norms set by the society in which he lives. What is the android system recovery tool. System of thought will ever be final and incapable being improved. Once you've determined there is a leak in your sprinkler system, the next step is to locate the leak. These commissions focused on the improved operation of the criminal justice system as the best way to reduce crime. Here lacan follows alexandre kojève who follows hegel: for kojève the subject must risk his own life if he wants to achieve the desired prestige. First of all, my uk edition desire 816 lacks an nfc radio, meaning i couldn't enjoy the convenience of sharing content using android beam, in which you place two nfc-enabled android phones back to back, and then tap the content on the host device to initiate the direct data transfer. Lust is the natural, animalistic desire. To make sure you are doing it right, keep your test system lean and effective. Basic facts on the new irresistible desire program…. What is the language of desire. This revolutionary desire system draws out woman’s desire that she is so turned on that she cannot help it but grow horny towards you. The desire 530’s tweakability is great, but its appeal is hampered by poor performance. In order for the warranty to apply, the leak defense system must be installed by a licensed plumber, licensed general contractor plumber, licensed general contractor or approved installer. Also, note that once the device is rebooted, it will take more time than expected for rebooting the device since it will be setting up all the system files. The desire system & trick revealed. Generally desires arise from positive emotions such as generosity, kindness, intelligence, compassion and so on, or negative emotions such as insecurity or neediness, fear, anger & frustration, envy, ill will, greed, ignorance, etc. Into a design, is the method which allows the desire to be passed through our. Private login details for this and this is the desire system you get a quick. I spoke to them and this is because they need to update their system. that is what the parr system is all about. Desire will tend to produce normal action in every part of your system. Due to refrigerant leakage, the running time of the system increases. If i say i had profound desire to deepen my understanding for writing, i joined a writers club and could able to write award winning articles. Intermountain will go live with the first applications of its new single system—problem lists and drug allergy/intolerance modules and physician order entry—later this year and eventually plans to turn off both legacy systems. If you fit this profile then felicity keith claims that the language of desire program is clearly for you. The girlfriend activation system rectifies these problems through step-by-step instruction and actionable techniques so you can become what christian calls “the obvious choice”. Point is there are many "fixes" on the market today that will limp your old system into another season. Faculties that have the natural ability to fulfill those desires. For a hybrid wind/solar energy system to partially power their large agricultural operation at 10771 cook road in pavilion. A retail store might use a computer-based information system to sell products over the internet. Pandora’s box system overview. How to fix leaking lawn sprinkler systems. Reboot system now’ from the recovery mode. The tune air chemical dryer reacts with moisture and converts it into silicon oil, which is inert to the system. The ecm continues the test by closing the canister vent valve to seal off the canister and then turns on the evaporative leak detection pump, to pump a vacuum into the complete evaporative system. For example, preparing to fix a leak occurring in the evaporator would follow system pump-down into the condenser. Thus, as westin has observed, "just as a social balance favoring disclosure and surveillance over privacy is a functional necessity for totalitarian systems, so a balance that ensures strong citadels of individual and group privacy and limits both disclosure and surveillance is a prerequisite for liberal democratic societies. When something happens that is not exactly predictable, that stimulates the dopamine system. The complete quit system is deceptively simple, but very powerful. Often we become afraid of desires, or try to control their expression which only causes more stress to the mind and body. It is the demand for change that propels education systems to produce a country’s innovators, inventors, creators, problem solvers, entrepreneurs, global citizens, changemakers, and critical thinkers. I’ve already tried other “systems” for turning a woman on, but i couldn’t get them to work, how is the desire system different. This desire must come from one's aspiration, and not out of one's desperation. Special 2017 update : this is a review of language of desire by felicity keith. The language of desire is still so. One of his main selling point is that he teaches you how to make yourself more sexually desirable, by simply making some slight changes to the way in which you act around women. Desire to collapse and sob. A positive response could be that this system not only fits with chinese traditions, but the bureaucrats are also exceptionally capable. It travels around with the oil and can be detected using ultra-violet (uv) light where it has leaked from the system. Price instability, another inherent weakness in the market system, creates problems with _________ or _________ which can be destabilizing and harmful to the economy and individuals. The natural desire for sexual fulfillment may be satisfied. Not a bad value for a system that doesn’t try to replicate what’s been done over and over again on other pua products. Contagion system what it is i system. The parr system - have the life you desire. I wanted him to put dye in the system now so that if it leaks during the winter we can diagnose it without having to go around for another 2 more years of losing cooling and adding freon. Here also, the desire system does well.
The Desire System
Following desire is the behavioural stage of response. System where guys take initiative in everything has affected many matters in relationships. The desire eye feels solid in the hand. The language of desire review. As indicated, this test is usually run when the system is first put into operation. 4) in a lean system, wait times can be caused to some extent by long production runs. Install desire 616 free applications, software, app & program. Spellings said she wants to lead a “productive, accountable, agile and transparent” university system. David tian desire system which is said to be better than the “old system” that you use to win womankind over. Legislators already had nixed the idea of a pay raise for state workers, saying taxpayers couldn’t afford it when they already are paying all the cost of state workers’ higher health insurance premiums and injecting money into the pension system. In this desire system free video review we only includes the highlights of the review. The method by which desire for riches can be transmuted into its financial equivalent, consists of six definite, practical steps, viz:. 4 thus, drugs significantly overstimulating the reward system. Desire to be artists or philosophers or singers or photographers or commentators or reviewers. Helium leak detection systems work as follows: he is introduced to a test part that is connected to the leak detector. The language of desire is a digital interactive book that teaches how to make a man obsessed with you by using certain words, expressions and mechanisms at the right moments. More and more and more awareness does not result in desire. So we have the desire section. He explains how to use the system. David tian desire system review. That there, in the ideal case or the "same system" with real people, is the basis of my objection to your comment that "for a place like india, the problems pretty much require electronic voting. Using radiator stop leak can cause clogging of the cooling system. – lets waste no time: david demonstrates the desire system in action, and explains how simple it is to use it. The will of desire, is it logical that mere men can defeat a burning desire. I’ve downloaded the super manager and i tried checking on enable root function this message pop’s up “the root function in this program is not support your device or system image. You don't need to talk about your desire to get married on the first date, but you can mention how you're interested in this someday. This fact is summarized by what zadeh, infra, called the principle of incompatibility: “as the complexity of a system increases, our ability to make precise and yet significant statements about its behavior diminishes until a threshold is reached beyond which precision and significance (or relevance) become almost mutually exclusive characteristics. The parr system in detail. Excessive desires overwork the brain(as it keeps on thinking and craving) which leads to mental fatigue. Uganda: what the desire luzinda nude photos say about us. “when they get kicked out of the system,” henry predicted, “they’re going to try to come back in. Dye leak detection involves a dye that is injected into the system. This is the preferred testing media, as it tests systems at normal operating conditions. System designed by god to maximize human happiness. And how to know which number to change in system properties. It provides a formula that makes any man impulsively desire a woman. Also integrated into the system are helpful user guides and other features designed to aid a homeowner or a plumbing professional in detecting a leak. To increase sexual desire, a balanced endocrine system is big. All the android smartphones and tablets are having a stock recovery image, pre-installed on their systems. So, if possible, take a cold shower to cool off your hot desire. Reports of success, such as a more active dating life, or a relationship, are the exception, and not the rule, for customers who purchase the desire system. Education system change: perspectives from kenya. Opting for polycarbonate rather than the aluminum unibody of the one m8 means the desire eye has a little flex to it, but nothing that should trigger a “bend-gate” scandal. Reflections on the education system in kenya take on the nature of the wider system: policy and legislative reforms, curriculum reforms, education innovations, skill-based approaches, industry and classroom linkages, acquisition of employable skills, lifelong learning, and the provision of education for the 21st century learner. In her own words, about the language of desire ebook, felicity keith says, she has successfully, “… created an “owner’s manual” for a man’s most important erogenous zone… his mind – his imagination. When it's not producing flagship phones like the one (m8) or the butterfly 2, htc is flooding the rest of the market with several desire models. 4 takes system performance to an all-time high by optimizing memory and improving your touchscreen so that it responds faster and more accurately than ever before. Our desires for ease of life, in having others do what we wish, or in having possessions that we believe will make us happy profoundly affect our relationships. The new management and the new contract engineering firm the board of commissioners hired have done a magnificent job bringing the system back to health. 20 the hottest debate today concerns whether different valuation systems encode inconsistent values for the same actions (leading to different conclusions on which action to take),. Homelink® is the world’s most widely trusted and used vehicle-based wireless control system. P0455 indicates that a large leak in the evaporative emissions system has been detected. Brains immune system linked to the desire to drink alcohol. “secondary system” p&ids marked up to highlight lines and equipment that could be pressurized as a result of leakage from the “test system” and vent point(s) shown locked open in the event of “test system” leakage. The second point is that, according to aristotle, the purpose of virtue is to rule our desires and so achieve our end, not just our desires. Having spent a lot of time working through the desire system and learning the ins and outs of the course, i’m confident this is a program a lot of guys will get seriously great results from. If an employee has no desire to change, you may hear: “i’m not interested in changing. In this case, too, commitment to the process of cultural desire requires the nurse to be available to care for patients, even when there may be a natural instinct to resign oneself from the nurse- patient interaction. It only requires you to follow three steps to get to the desire phase. A new system might therefore be put in place (along with other activities) to better manage the information that supports the processing of these applications. Even the system's defenders concede that these actors aren't fundamentally making decisions based on what other people need or want--their immediate goal is maximum return on investment.
The Desire System Free
Learn how to train your mind into believing that you are attractive… desirable… instead of just thinking it. Pressure testing may also be used to establish a pressure rating for a component or special system for which it is not possible to establish a safe rating by calculation. Consumer alert: avoid the desire system free download scam. Comfort and time have long been the biggest obstacles for hair reduction, but with the lightsheer desire, those obstacles are a thing of the past. They may have early desires to visit past life homes, shown as desires to visit certain places or interest in certain areas or time periods without understanding why. Most importantly, please feel free to share and voice your thoughts. Though the ford power-assist system was not an inherently "leak prone". Desire had commenced to pay dividends, but the victory was not yet complete. Desire to cut off and break up two french corps, and by way of reporting their intention to kutuzov they sent him a blank sheet of paper in an envelope. We often reach out to third parties in order to help us do this, much of our mental wishes to power symbols and third parties exist not out of piety, but out of desire to create change, or prevent loss. As the name of the product insinuates, the desire system was designed to show regular, ordinary guys how to create intense desire and lust in the women they’re interacting with. The desire system is not a quick fix. Although emotions reveal what you desire, you also need to understand the nature of all your desires. One, from reddit, lambasts users attacking the girl for "whoring herself" out for upvotes on reddit; the other, posted on imgur, is a string of harmless jokes, relatively free of judgement about the female user who posted it. The flologic leak control system is designed to safeguard your entire property by detecting and stopping abnormal water flow before significant water damage can occur. The point of the system is to build you up as a truly honest man with integrity, not a slimy creep looking to trick women into your bed. Moreover, the 2 months refund guarantee that alex carter provides actually makes the impulsive desire method a risk-free system and lets you test all of the methods and strategies inside with full confidence…. I have a minor water leak in my irrigation system. Among the many topics covered in language of desire are:. Steel hat channels were attached to the masonry using nail-in expansion anchors and the metal panels were secured to the hat channels using standing-seam metal roof system clips. I've generally been quite content with the desire 816, but its cameras can be real nuisances. udemy free courses – hundreds of experts teach on udemy every month including new york times best-selling authors, ceos, ivy league professionals and celebrity instructors. Sentiments and sympathetic feelings among men and their desire to. Is all about learning how and why the system works, what it does. Du système pénitentaire aux États-unis et de son application en france (1833) –. Within each test package, it is beneficial to utilize the system pressure safety valves (psvs) when available. My best answer is based on economics if your house has room for the required r-value that you desire or is required by code spray open cell foam. P0455 obdii code – evaporative system malfunction, gross leak. The smart home automation system can then command the leak gopher z-wave valve control to shut off the water. You have many desires simply because you need to care for your body. The girlfriend activation system v2 is a 23-part video training course based on an actual 2-day seminar christian put on in new york. That your desires continue uninterruptedly along the lines you have chosen. In other words, the ritual of charging does not serve the purpose of achieving some sigilized aim, it is the moment of the achievement of the true desire or the beginning of the impetus towards this fulfillment of the previously unknown desire. Despite billions of dollars of research, missile defense has yet to be proven technically feasible, and the proposed system has unnecessarily antagonized russia and china. (if you’re wanting to learn more about david, his life story, and how he went about creating the desire system, feel free to. Moreover, the 60-day money back guarantee that felicity keith provides actually makes the language of desire system 100% risk-free and lets you try it out with full confidence. For this to work, you need to have added the folder where adb and fastboot are installed to the system's path as described in step 2. The desire protocol works regardless if you’re overweight, skinny, unattractive, broke, or addicted to video games. A free market of subreddits. Desire system is for you. But when the police enforce outdated laws through fear, using a militarized iron-fist, you know something is extremely wrong with the justice system. In a nutshell, here are some examples of the techniques you can expect to learn inside the language of desire system:. Just a quick consumer alert that we felt was worth mentioning: the internet is packed with desire system reviews which say things like “desire system free pdf download”. True or false: the federal reserve system was created to give the american people more control over the money supply through their representatives in government, rather than have the money supply controlled by private banks, who might have their own motives. "i'm absolutely committed to getting my peers some training, so i simply ask potential trainers if they will work for free," she explains. Strong desire for the remaking of ourselves so that we may become equal to. Your desires are things you want, while motivation is your reason for performing a given action. In buddhism, desire and ignorance lie at the root of. Microsoft said last year that its new plan for windows is to keep a single operating system served with fairly rapid rolling updates. Once the vacuum stabilizes in the evaporative system, the ecm will determine if the reading is higher than the pressure sensor reading it stored during the first part of the test. Getting the girl you want and getting great sex are two prominent benefits guys love about the desire system. The language of desire is full of tried and tested tactics to in fact execute this concept when interacting with women genuine. They have intellectual curiosity driving them as well as the desire. There are leak gophers that use the latest home automation technology to integrate into home automation systems and allow control from anywhere. Overall, we can confirm htc's desire 530 has a decent telephony performance, especially since no irregularities were observed in reception. The girlfriend activation system is one of the most unique pua systems i’ve ever encountered and i like the ironically anti-pua stance that it takes. He was born with a handicap which might easily have sent one with a less defined desire to the street with a bundle of pencils and a tin cup. 21 or whether different valuation systems contribute to the same final valuation process (leading to a single, unambiguous conclusion on which action to take). Don’t give up man – get the desire system now and live your dream. The root access must be gained because the carbon system can be installed only on an unchained system – the firmware will have to access and use some in-built programs and tools. The botany of desire proposes that people and domesticated plants have formed a similarly reciprocal relationship.
The Desire System David Tian
He talks about how once you have self-esteem, the emotional activation system is so natural and so easy that you don’t even have to think about it. Regardless, the desire system will get rid of these worries of yours. Although there were recalls on your model year to repair fuel system leaks, due to defects, i see no indication of any known problem, issue, or defect with the fuel filler door itself. System, there are common areas that seem to give problems. He is a fairly likeable fellow who is well-spoken and clearly communicates what it is that he wishes to convey to you as david tian desire system. Illustrate: if you desire greater success in your work, think of those. The pentagon has inflated the north korean threat in order to rationalize its desire for a missile defense system, to justify a capacity to fight two wars simultaneously, and to explain the need to maintain 37,000 troops in south korea. Desire to obtain the post of director, could not refrain from reminding prince vasili of his former opinion. The desire to look pretty and the desire to have someone’s love is the most important factor in the life of an adult. Evaporative emissions systems are designed to catch and store gasoline that has evaporated from the fuel tank or lines, and then the fuel will be re-used once the vehicle is in operation. When you buy the desire system. To desire is to reach, surely, but who. The most common complaint about the ford power-assist system is fluid leakage. Gallery: htc desire 816 review | 19 photos. I have been fortunate to work with thousands of individuals to share the powerful tools and strategies of the parr system. In addition, in the approach utilized in the development of the instant invention including the methods, techniques, and system comprising same, the approach has been to correlate more than one sensitive variable to such leak. The desire system was developed by a guy named dr. To flash glass back to factory specifications, extract the desired factory system. I'll tell you that it's necessary - i went through it 8 years ago, i've seen many of my peers who now consider themselves ex-pickup artists (including david) go through this process. Presented by david tian as part of the ‘social man’ training series, the real question is whether or not the desire system offers anything new or refreshing – or even if it offers anything that is remotely a ‘system’ that is unified and has a certain logic. The system recover screen should pop back up and when it does make sure that “reboot system now” is highlighted and press the home key to make the selection. Marconi dreamed of a system for harnessing the intangible forces of the ether. Pros of the language of desire:. Desires, especially the desire to exist as an individual. But when this system isn't working properly, you risk running into expensive repairs. The desire system is a closed-door recorded webinar for which psychological researcher / dating coach/master pick up artist (pua) dr. When the readings are the same, the evaporative emissions system monitor should indicate it has passed. When finished, turn on the sprinkler system, and check to be sure your repair has fixed the leak. Knowledge-building should only be provided after the milestones of awareness and desire have been achieved. The techniques in this system are way easier to implement. The desire system david tian concept teaches you how to make moves that will magnetized her towards you. It will install the recovery image and backup the current rom on your htc desire. Economic system to function to maximize wealth. Desire, and for which he gave the order only because he thought it was expected of him, was being done. Your original concrete embedded system might have been laid with gravity systems in mind, do you know what joints are used in the concrete. he agreed with crawford that having, “the desire” to do what it takes, is necessary to becoming a champion. Desires of most people are neither continuous nor very deep. When our desires in these three areas (bodily appetites, having people like us, and obtaining wealth and power) are fulfilled we usually feel happy. "one of the great things we found during our desire system review is the program is not about heavy social tactics. With the desire system, you will be able to awaken her sensuality and her attraction to you. Even with the change of political leadership within the state, ross's ouster blindsided faculty members and leaders within the system, many of whom respected the president and are more suspicious of the board. David tian – desire system download. The desire is a message to other smartphone developers, really: even on the low end, all phones should have quality displays these days. David tian that helps men get the girls of their dreams through some tips, tricks and tactics. In the language of desire, felicity keith shows you how you can. " is there a system in place which clearly considers this information restricted. Additionally, david doesn't pull punches when he's talking. The desire system review: dr david tian's course reviewed and the desire system revealed with an inside look at its contents by editor angel donovan of datingskillsreview. Desire, as we have mentioned, is from our very birth structured, limited and guided. While women may find these fantasies sexually arousing, this does not indicate a desire to actually be forced into sexual submission, raped, or assaulted. This system gives you that eureka moment when you realize that now you hold the right keys to unlock a woman’s deepest desire. One such mystery is the game’s progression system, or lack thereof. Here is where a burning desire will come to your aid. That desire has now become a reality. But desire to restore its lost status is not the only reason for russia’s opposition to the politics of the “end of history. It is already the way in which countries such as india are beginning to view how their students are being treated in the uk immigration system. All over again, the nature of society, how people dwell with each other and how to do factors, affects adolescents more than any the desire system in motion other team of men and women in culture. Now simply browse to /system/app using root explorer or super manager. Product name : the language of desire. 3) in a lean system, large inventories are not considered a type of waste, because they prevent operator wait times.
The Desire System Reddit
Alexander goes on to show how this system of racial control operates beyond the prison cell as the criminal label follows millions of people of color for the rest of their lives. Alexander argues that black exceptionalism in the form of barack obama or the black police officer now forms a key component of the new system of racial control:. Now that you’ve gotten some detailed descriptions for each of the 10 segments that make up the actual desire system, let’s take a look at what the lust portion of this program has to offer (this portion takes the emotional activation system one step further)…. If we freely “desire” it, we have a “right” to it. Capitalism is the only just system because the sole criterion that determines the value of thing exchanged is the free, voluntary, universal judgement of the consumer. Basically there is no link between desire and motivation neurologically. Desire to show that he was ready to go all lengths and was prepared to sacrifice everything. That's not bad, but the leaders of the systems have to be able to manage these large complex organizations and they have to be able to politically work with the legislature and the leaderships of the legislature and the governor and the governor's staff,” he continued. Hpa axis: the body’s system, comprised of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland, for stress regulation. Without desire, would we see the need to eat, sleep, exercise, be good people, work to pay for our meals, home, and hobbies, or even, on a very subtle level, breathe. To ensure consistency of terms, intermountain employs 10 ftes to maintain and map the codes and terminology to match clinical data in the systems. Which essentially means the htc desire 626 is your typical mid-range smartphone. The desire system was developed by dr. Development of windows 7, which is being built off the windows vista code base, is apparently proceeding at a fairly brisk pace, with about half of the desired features already implemented. I’ve only been active on reddit since late 2011, so i’ve always been curious how reddit looked before i came along. Climbing a step is desire and the thought which holds one to climb that particular step is motivation. With the use of this system you don’t have to remained pressure and stress out about when to make the moves and at which time. Here, your desire is "a new car", and the action you take is "save some money". Possess the money you desire. Ac1 loudspeaker is both a world-class audio experience and a visually stunning speaker system. âone of the great things we found during our desire system review is the program is not about heavy social tactics. To further discuss your use of a course management system at uw-madison, you. I insisted that a leak test be performed, and the tech reported that the system held 300 psi for an hour, and held a vacuum for 20 minutes with no measurable loss of pressure. Specific social institutions than in institutional systems. There is a strong sense of humor and desire to tease and play. Range of legacy systems requiring upgrading or replacement. Desire lighting her body was hot and aching, as if her body innately knew how well he'd satisfy her. The sealer is designed repair leaks in all "stationary" metal system components (leaking compressor shaft seals excluded). Here is a small breakdown of the discussions with essential staff in reddit, they have ama’s once every few weeks where they get feedback from the community. It’s more a cruel coincidence than outright irony, but reddit finds itself this week at the confluence of two streams, and both of them sum up the site in different ways — one pointing towards the past, and one towards the future. First is a manufacturer’s defect- in most cases, the manufacturer has used humans and machines to put the system together. The instant, new and novel systems can be custom tailored to any boiler without the need for input of a so-called human boiler expert. In other words, the desire comes first, and then motivation. It may not be as well known as reddit, but as steve jokes, it probably makes more money. It was with her help that perry went on reddit to field questions ranging from how his phd in mathematics prepared him to what young people need to understand. Connecticut allows rumors percolating in the most speculative depths of reddit to be repurposed and broadcast with alarming speed and authority. Other schools and institutions use other learning managment systems, such as moodle. In simple words, the language of desire is a powerful step-by-step program that was created by felicity keith, a single mother who has worked hard for many years to learn the secrets of the male sexual psychology. Stuck in a relationship with a guy, who isn’t giving them the love they desire. Because of the jury system "they were better informed about the rule of law, and they were more closely connected to the state. Prade, “fuzzy sets and systems: theory and applications,”. Keep on reading as i take the girlfriend activation system for a test run in this “fact-finding” review. Rest with no earthly desires. On reddit, everyone understands how the system works, and everyone is motivated by the desire to be first with information, even if that information is partial or momentarily mistaken in the assemblage of a breaking story. At night, my selfies taken with the one mini 2 appeared much redder than their counterparts from the desire 816 and the m8. This is about revealing the hidden, often times trying to embarrass those in enviable positions and trying to poke at them, bring them down, and making them and/or making a particular system more transparent. The radiator is a pressurized system so if there is a loss of pressure from the cap not fitting properly or if the cap is the incorrect cap for the radiator, the pressure will be lost and a leak could occur. By satisfying the human desire for beauty, the tulip has risen from obscurity to fame – but along the way, it has also wreaked havoc. Uncontrolled, excessive uses of dye not only lessen the heat transferability of the refrigerant, but also lower the system’s oil viscosity. The potato – a plant that yields an abundant amount of food per acre – has not only thrived but also greatly expanded its habitat by gratifying our desire to exert control over our environment. It's the replacement file system for ntfs and introduces integrity checking, data scrubbing, protects against data degradation, and boasts built-in handling of hard disk failure and redundancy. Or, if you want to watch the official desire system video and learn more about how this product can hugely improve your dating and sex life, click the image below. ‘direct evidence that object of desire themes are linked more to womenâs sexuality than they are to menâs. Continue reading this desire system review and i’ll let you know whether or not this product is the right choice for you based on your lifestyle and goals, or whether you’d be better off spending your money elsewhere…. If the failure code is still present, or if no issues were seen with the fuel cap, inspect all components of the evaporative system carefully for any potential leaks. When i use my needle/gauge/water hose to add fluid to the system and the air gauge goes to 40 psi in approximately a minute, is that all i have to do. We give expression to desire; or, in other words, when we turn on the full.
More organizations are weighing the costs of continued integration issues among niche systems against the up-front costs, training and potential productivity hits—and eventual benefits—of a single-vendor approach. As with awareness, desire is only achieved when the individual says to us, "i will be part of this change. For many people coming to radical politics--blacks and whites alike--hatred of racism and a desire to get rid of it is a huge motivating factor. Violet or near uv lights cause fluorescence of naphthalimide dyes, popularly used in auto and stationary refrigeration systems. How much solvent should i use to elute the desire product, based on the rf. Imagination more than the system that it replaces. The incarnate system's "second stage" refers to incarnate abilities that require far more imagination and concentration than normal ones. 86mm, the desire 10 pro isn't as tall or as wide as some handsets sporting a 5. On the computer you will use, you will have to download the required files. So ensure that you’ve charged your htc desire at least up to. “reddit’s move may have in fact been prompted in part by a desire to demonstrate that private companies can handle this problem themselves,” franks says. The 5-second trick for desire system free pdf download. Are more familiar with one system or the other, that could make a big difference. Desire to trade any of it away. The language of desire was cracked and put online, it would probably be taken down within hours. Release of sexual desires results in many problems, such as venereal diseases. When it comes to eating, need and desire aren’t so separate after all. The language of desire review :. The exhaust system removes harmful emissions from your vehicle's emissions and converts them into less harmful exhaust that is then routed out the tailpipe. Trimifi diet system is all about how you move and what you consume. Those questions will be explored in this review of the desire system. It helps in giving you, a unique and effective way to deepen emotional rapport and give your level of desirability a boost. We can say desire gives birth to motivation. This is meant to simulate the old "one-click-per-turn" combat system. Only a repair station technician (thus avionics guy- me) with pitot-static ratings can repair-test and recertify your altimeter system legally. Since he comes from an asian country some men in america might never have heard of him yet until the desire system came into review. if so, feel free to share your own desire system review, or ask any questions you may have about it by leaving a reply in the comment section below. Check on whether your htc desire is rooted or not, you will have to check on whether the device is rooted or not by downloading the “root checker” app which can be downloaded from the root checker app which can be downloaded from the google play store. The desire system: review examining the home pua program released. The closed-system method is not appropriate to measuring a large leak that would flood the detector and render it useless for further measurement until every helium molecule could be withdrawn from the detector. the dive tank or tank-less system is gently placed on the pool deck. The core system gives offers all the essentials for men to use the next time they go out so they can attract girls and sleep with them in the same night. How to “hack” her core desires, and solidify your connection with her to an addiction level. May desire to succeed in a certain line of work; we will say, in the. Removing or uninstalling regular android apps is quite easy but when it comes to system apps, the process does not work the way it does for regular apps. Little integration or coordination between information systems. We will discuss lacan’s ideas about the structure of the unconscious, the real, imaginary, and symbolic orders, the mirror stage, desire, and the ethics of analytic practice and clinical technique. "things are getting better, but it's hard as a community hospital to have a robust system without multiple integrations. The roof system at the property consisted of modified bitumen membranes applied over a sloping wood roof deck system. Pressure relief valve, expansion tank or system leak. You need a root access file browser installed on your android phone to delete system apps. engine cooling system problem of the 2003 buick lesabre. and in edward’s cliche’d “i am a regular guy who found a ways to be wealthy beyond my imagination” story, his system is purportedly called his “home business system program”. It is therefore a principle object of the instant invention to provide utilities and other users of industrial boilers with a new, improved and dependable system which is capable of effecting early detection of boiler tube leaks. “the desire system is more intellectual than other programs and is something that even beginners can pick up on. Therefore, it is critical that moisture is removed from the system, prior to injection to assure there’s no damage to internal parts. The system was begun by gautama buddha (the title "buddha". System, hunt by instinct and need no instruction on how to go about it. “i think it’s just that desire to win every week and to win a championship,” manning told wfan’s “the afternoon drive with carlin, bart and maggie" on tuesday. Lust gives you a great approach and mindset for learning how to use the system. Managing change on the personal and organizational level requires new thinking, new models for change and new frameworks and tools to enable the smooth implementation of the desired change. Victor moore was attached to marconi space and defense systems at the time of his february 1987 death, reportedly of a drug overdose. There is a drive to collect information, details, knowledge and a desire to explore and understand everything. Couple this fact with the fact that the power of desire tends to increase. The language of desire free - ex recovery system download. Like any motivation system it must reward to encourage continuance of the. The web is packed with “desire system free downloads”.
Leaks in water systems can result from external frost damage, dry solder joints, accidental perforation during maintenance or decoration, or internal corrosion. Is the desire system the right choice for you. My biggest issue with d2 was that if you didn't decide to participate in the ladder system you could not make some of the best runewords, could not find some of the legendaries and could notparticipatein the uber events. Read this guide asap – it will explain everything and i promise, by the end of it, your dating game is going to be ten times better and you’ll be able to create desire within any woman you meet. As in the acoustic system based approach, supra, when the leak is small, the make up flow is negligible and all but impossible to discern. In the hood mode, the system to be tested is surrounded by concentrated helium. System registry tab, check the. This opt-in system was mentioned again in the run-up to the election as secretary of state for culture, media and sport, sajid javid assured peopled that the party "will age restrict online porn". But they’re delighted to hear that the system will collect data on a whole lot of areas they’re interested in: client demographics, history and risk factors, service plans, services provided, outcomes. Forcing the use of a single technology system in all cases, regardless of whether it is an appropriate solution. i’d say the desire program does a good job of emphasizing the need to stop wasting energy “trying” to “be” confident. We haven’t had a chance to test guardian yet, but it looks like a relatively easy system to install. Colleges and universities have built up large bureaucracies – expensive administrative systems, complex business processes, large departments – to address financial aid and accreditation compliance, all based on fixed academic terms and credit hours. A leak survey examines the existing water system to spot problem areas, which are repaired, even if they are not currently leaking, to ensure the water system is running smoothly. How to make him desire you by alex carter - stress wonders growth hormones in their own system. With lowered levels of testosterone, both sexual desire and sperm production may decrease. i then began sharing this information with others, observing the effects and refining the system to contain only those universal principals that worked for everyone. try the parr system for a full year and if you do not feel that you are happier and more satisfied than ever simply return it to me for a full refund, no questions asked. Desire not just for pleasure, but desire for things to be other than they are; it is this constant movement of desire that creates unhappiness and deep dissatisfaction. Welcome to the desire map. Lawrence general also is using an integration engine (corepoint) to map to picis pulsecheck ed information system data to the emr, meehan states. Also in each modules are various techniques that are key to turning your man on and making you his one and only desire. You can find the desire system there. The desire 530’s screen is more than sharp enough for regular use. Alex carter, an experienced dating and relationship coach, and the creator of this program, explains that he created the impulsive desire method system after he started coaching women and found that they were willing to do almost anything to get together with men who were average-looking. Because then you are making a valuable comment that election fraud through purchasing hacks of the voting system are especially possible in argentina, due to a strong computer security scene, and a strong criminal untraceable currency scheme. The system of civil service examinations remained the goal of the education system until, it too, was re-evaluated in the wake of the 1895 the sino-japanese war. I think their system has become a bit too popular too quickly. The new system will certainly have more involved combat, there will be a lot. Fanus, a teenager from eritrea, tells of the desire to escape a life of military servitude that motivated her flight from the country. This technique is probably one of the most powerful of language of desire course. Are you ready to see what the desire system is about. As a therapist, i make the desire map required reading for clients looking to take their lives and life satisfaction to the next level. Helium leak testing is rarely, if ever, used to demonstrate that the system can safely withstand the design pressure rating. This method enables detecting the leakage up to 10-5 mbarl/s and is usable also for very large systems. If, on the other hand, she does not feel a sense of her own desirability or being an object of desire, she may have very little sexual desire. Hello, i rooted my htc 816 when i go to install cm zip file it shows red trangle and it also not rebooting system come to recovery again and again. Discover from the desire system:. Cliplight: if the system is leaking slowly and holds a partial charge for at least two weeks, super seal pro will seal the leak. While for some women, being an object of desire really turns them on, should we play on this objectification of women to get into womenâs fantasies, minds and dare we say, their pants. Desire is the goal/outcome of sponsorship and resistance management. Unless i someday have a deep desire for nazis, dumb kids or damaging my own brain i think i will skip over reddit. I would especially recommend it if you’ve tried out other pua systems but didn’t get that much out of them. The attainment of desire does not consist in being fulfilled but in its reproduction as such. Clickbank: they are the platform and payment processing system chosen by. We fully expect the desire 10 pro to last a full day in general usage then, and there's fast charging for when it runs low – but you'll have to wait for our in-depth review to find out for sure if the battery can go the distance. To address that the desire eye comes with a non-removable 2400 mah lipo battery, which isn’t huge, but will get you through at least a full day of moderate use. Overall, the impulsive desire method is a decent program that can help many guys to learn how to become desirable and attract the women they want, and our final score for this system by alex carter is. How to make him desire you by alex carter - stress wonders growth hormones in their own system. Panama, so that they can enjoy all of the benefits of actually being based in america (including the use of american law and the court system, listing on the dow, etc. Most importantly: will parts of the sealer solidify in the system (contact with moisture), float around and eventually plug up a txv or fot. The above- grade wall system consisted of load-bearing brick, terra cotta, and carved stone masonry and the roof system consisted of a two-ply modified bitumen membrane applied over a well-sloped wood plank deck. Desires are sufficiently full and deep and strong to thoroughly arouse those. 0 marshmallow operating system with htc's sense user interface skinned on top. These are the tracer mode and the hood or closed system mode. It is the realm of the law that regulates desire in the oedipus complex. Troops in asia, and a new theater missile defense system. There is a desire to work with healing the physical, emotional, or psychic pains of mankind. This system isn’t really overly complex and is more of an easy routine that matches into every little thing else you should generally do. This latter practice is always a possibility in a society ruled more by desire than reason, the relationship of which is the subject matter of this book.
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Hank will be joining Kid Rock for more dates this September and October. Info below. For full tour listing visit: www.hankjr.com/tour Tickets onsale Friday, June 7! 9/20 Charlotte, NC 9/21 Atlanta, GA 10/4 St. Louis , MO 10/5 Tinley Park, IL
A post shared by Hank Williams Jr. (@officialhankjr) on May 31, 2019 at 9:44am PDT
Guess Who’s Going on Tour With Kid Rock?
Looking for a show this fall with plenty of attitude? Your wish is Kid Rock's command, as he's added country legend Hank Williams Jr. to a select handful of his live dates in late September and early October.
The pairing is pure Southern attitude gold, as the two longtime friends—who famously paired up for 2012's "Redneck Paradise"—blend their unapologetically brash vibes on stage. The duo dates kick off Sept. 20 in Charlotte, NC; and will then hit Atlanta, St. Louis, and Tinley Park, Ill.
Tickets go on sale starting June 7. Fans can scoop up them up online at either Kid Rock or Hank Jr.'s official sites.
Kid Rock has been busy keeping Nashville on its toes, most recently announcing plans to erect an eyebrow-raising sculpture of a raised middle finger on his Music City property. He also has taken his chutzpah off his own residential arena: In January, the sign for Rock's new Lower Broadway steakhouse and bar was approved — but not with everyone's approval. The neon sign for Kid Rock's Big Ass Honky Tonk Rock N’ Roll Steakhouse is 20 feet high and prominently features a woman's rear end.
Kid Rock's Childhood Home Is Far From Humble!
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Tattúínárdǿla saga
Star Wars as an Icelandic saga, and other fun with Old Norse.
Tattúínárdǿla saga: If Star Wars Were an Icelandic Saga
March 1, 2010 in The Saga | by Dr. Jackson Crawford | 102 comments
A long time ago, in a North Atlantic far far away…
Earlier this week I was drawn into an enlightening discussion with my colleague Ben Frey about the complicated textual tradition that lies behind George Lucas’s “Star Wars,” which few outside the scholarly community realize is a modern rendition of an old Germanic legend of a fatal conflict between a father and his treacherous son. Below I present some remarks on the Old Icelandic version of the legend, with some spare comparative notes on the cognate traditions in other old Germanic languages.
The story as presented in George Lucas’s films represents only one manuscript tradition, and a rather late and corrupt one at that – the Middle High German epic called Himelgengærelied (Song of the Skywalkers). There is also an Old High German palimpsest known to scholars, later overwritten by a Latin choral and only partly legible to us today, which contains fragments of a version wherein “Veitare” survives to old age after slaying “Lûc” out of loyalty to the emperor, but is naturally still conflicted about the deed when the son of his daughter Leia avenges the killing on him.
This is also the ending that we infer for the Icelandic Tattúínárdǿla saga (the Saga of the People of the Tattúín River Valley), though unfortunately the ending of that saga is lost and has to be reconstructed from the scant remains of the Old High German poem and from references in other sagas (it should be noted that the later chivalric Lúks saga Anakinssonar is derived from another tradition and may well be a translation of a continental epic, probably one closely related to the extant Middle High German Himelgengærelied, from which Lucas’s narrative is drawn). The author of the Old English poem Déor also knows an “Anacan, haten heofongangende” (“Anacen, named the sky-walker”), who later in the poem is referred to by an alternative byname, “sunubana” (“son-killer”), suggesting that the more tragic version of the tale was current among the Anglo-Saxons too. Hammershaimb seems to know a Faroese ballad on the two “Himingangarar,” but there is no trace of the text of this ballad in any known collection, and it was not known to the last exponents of the Faroese oral tradition in the early twentieth century.
Tattúínárdǿla saga tells of the youth of Anakinn himingangari, beginning with his childhood as a slave in Tattúínárdalr, notably lacking the prolonged racing scene of the MHG version, and referring to the character of “Jarjari inn heimski” only as a local fool slain by Anakinn in a childhood berserker rage (whereas in the MHG version, “Jarjare” is one of “Anacen’s” marshals and his constant companion; Cochrane 2010 suggests that this may be because the MHG text is Frankish in origin, and “Jarjare” was identified with a Frankish culture hero with a similar name). After this killing, for which Anakinn’s owner (and implied father) refuses to pay compensation, Anakinn’s mother, an enslaved Irish princess, foresees a great future for Anakinn as a “jeði” (the exact provenance of this word is unknown but perhaps represents an intentionally humorous Irish mispronunciation of “goði”). This compels Anakinn to recite his first verse:
Þat mælti mín móðir,
at mér skyldi kaupa
fley ok fagrar árar
fara á brott með jeðum,
standa upp í stafni,
stýra dýrum xwingi,
halda svá til hafnar,
hǫggva mann ok annan.
(“My mother said/ That they should buy me/ A warship and fair oars,/ That I should go abroad with Jedis,/ Stand up in the ship’s stern,/ Steer a magnificent X-Wing,/ Hold my course till the harbor,/ Kill one man after another.”)
The etymology of “xwingi” (nom. *xwingr?) is unknown; numerous editors have proposed emendations, but none is considered particularly plausible. It is likely to be another humorous Irish mispronunciation of a Norse word.
As a teenager, Anakinn purchases his freedom from his owner, and arranges for passage to Kóruskantborg with the notorious Viking Víga-Óbívan, with whom he is sworn into the service of the King of Kóruskantborg after a series of adventures that prove his mettle and initiative in battle.
Over the next several years, we follow the career of Anakinn as he falls in love with Irish princess Paðéma after killing her father at the Battle of Confey, and his mentor Víga-Óbívan continues to encourage him to betray Falfaðinn, the King of Kóruskantborg. Eventually Falfaðinn learns of Víga-Óbívan’s duplicity and exiles him. Víga-Óbívan returns to Tattúínárdalr, and Anakinn is conflicted when he learns that Paðéma has been in league with Víga-Óbívan and sails to Tattúínárdalr with him. However, Anakinn is loyal to his oaths to King Falfaðinn and remains with him in Kóruskantborg, where he rises to great honor in the service of the king and is the recipient of many good gifts. He also begins the planning of the construction of the great ship Dauðastjarna, which when completed will be the crown jewel of Falfaðinn’s fleet, and will hold a crew large enough to sack a city single-handedly. Because of his great skill in hunting, Anakinn is now known to most as Veiðari-Anakinn, “hunter-Anakinn,” or often simply Veiðari.
Back in Tattúínárdalr, Paðéma gives birth to twins, Lúkr and Leia, before dying from her grief at having betrayed her husband. One of the most memorable lines in the saga is given to her on her deathbed:
Þá mælti Paðéma: “Þeim var ek verst er ek unna mest.”
(Then Padmé said: “I was worst to the man that I loved most.”)
Víga-Óbívan commends Leia to the care of a local goði and Lúkr to a man whom he believes to be Anakinn’s brother, but who is probably a disguised Óðinn. Déor speaks of the son of “Anacan” as having been raised by “Owen,” which may suggest that this interpretation is correct, but if this is in fact the name of the god, it is unclear why the form should lack the initial glide of Anglo-Saxon (unless this part of the story originated in the Danelaw; for full discussion of this and other problems of the text in Deor see Nashat 2010).
Víga-Óbívan waits for Lúkr to attain manhood, and by now is himself an old man. When young Lúkr follows some lost sheep onto Víga-Óbívan’s property and is attacked by his retainers, Víga-Óbívan defends him and later tells Lúkr (who in a dream has been given his father’s byname, “himingangari,” by a dís, but is unaware that his father also bore it), that Lúkr’s father Anakinn was slain by Veiðari, the great captain of King Falfaðinn of Kóruskantborg. Lúkr swears vengeance, accepts the gift of his father’s sword Ljósamækir from Víga-Óbívan, and with the help of the mercenary Hani (if scholars are correct in emending his name in this way; the manuscript reads “Hann”) and his ship the Þúsundár Fálkinn, sails to find the great ship Dauðastjarna, which Veiðari steers as captain of Falfaðinn’s fleet. After a long series of close battles, Lúkr and a team of Hebridean Vikings (who, we learn in a long prelude to this encounter, have long quarreled with Falfaðinn over a taxation matter) finally sink the Dauðastjarna, though not before Víga-Óbívan is slain in a holmgang with Veiðari, and the Hebrideans’ base on the island now known as Mainland has been looted by Veiðari’s Vikings.
The saga spends several chapters describing the escalation of tensions between Veiðari and Lúkr over the next years. Hani returns to Tattúínárdalr and is there betrothed to Leia (whom Lúkr still does not know to be his sister); he becomes a great goði. Meanwhile Lúkr shipwrecks on an island in the Faroes called Dagóba (the name is of unknown origin but probably Celtic) where he meets and is trained by the great warrior Jóði, who was a companion of Víga-Óbívan in his youth; Jóði continues to incite Lúkr to kill Veiðari, but his remarks are confusing in the text as preserved and are probably much damaged by later redactors – the word order is considerably jumbled and many of his comments reflect anachronistic Christian sentiments.
Finally Lúkr sees the ghost of Víga-Óbívan outside the latter’s howe, and Víga-Óbívan intones a scornful skaldic stanza at Lúkr, informing Lúkr that Hani and Leia (whom he now strongly hints is Lúkr’s sister) have been abducted by Veiðari’s men, and upbraiding him for being in the Faroes “sporting with Jóði” when this occurred.
Lúkr returns to Jóði (who in a bizarre aside is revealed to live inside a giant tree trunk in the middle of a marsh), and tells him of the apparition. Jóði foresees that if Lúkr leaves, he will face his death, but in typical saga-heroic fashion Lúkr refuses the older man’s counsel and sets out to rescue his sworn brother. Their exchange is well-known to students of Old Icelandic literature as a classic example of the forecasting of which the saga authors were so fond:
“Þú munt vera maðr feigr,” segir Jóði, “Ok ver þú varr um þik.”
“Ekki mun mér þat stoða,” segir Lúkr, “Ef mér er þat ætlat.”
(“You must be a doomed man,” said Yoda, “Be watchful of yourself.”
“That will not avail me,” said Luke, “If this be my fate.”)
Having infiltrated Veiðari’s court, Lúkr discovers that his sworn brother Hani has been turned to ice by Veiðari’s sorcery, and engages in a memorable holmgang with Veiðari, in which Veiðari reveals to Lúkr that he is his father:
Veiðari mælti: “Víga-Óbívan segði aldrigi þér þat, er orðit er af feðr þínum.”
“Hann sagði mér ǿrit,” segir Lúkr, “Hann sagði mér, at þú hann dræpir.”
“Ekki er þat satt,” kvað Veiðari, “Ok em ek þinn faðir.”
(Vader said: “Obi-Wan would never tell you, what happened to your father.”
“He told me enough,” said Luke, “He told me that you killed him.”
“That is not true,” said Vader, “I am your father.”)
In the German version made famous by Lucas’s films, “Lûc” proceeds to deny “Veiter’s” statement, repeatedly shouting “no” and imploring the heavens to see to it that it should not be so. However, in the Icelandic version, Lúkr coolly accepts Veiðari’s statement and continues to fight:
“Eigi vil ek þat trúa,” segir Lúkr, “En ef þú ert víst minn faðir, svá fær þú skilit þat, at ek held þínu sverði Ljósamæki.”
“Já vist,” segir Veiðari, “Eða hvat segir þú til?”
(“I will not believe that,” said Luke. “But if you are truly my father, then you can see, that I hold your sword Lightsaber.”
“Yes I can,” said Vader, “What more do you have to say about it?”)
The conclusion of their heroic dialogue has stirred the imaginations of generations of Old Norse enthusiasts:
“Þat mun ekki gera,” segir Lúkr, “Þú munt þó drepa vilja Hana, mág minn, ok er þat skǫmm, ef ek sit hjá.” Ok lagði til Veiðara tveim hǫndum sverðinu.
“Karlmannliga er at farit,” segir Veiðari. Veiðari høggr á hǫndina Lúki, svá at af tók, en niðr fell Ljósamækir ok með honum Lúkr.
(“It doesn’t matter,” said Luke, “You will still want to kill Han, my brother-in-law, and it would be shameful for me to sit idly by.” And he swung the sword at Vader with two hands.
“That is manfully done,” said Vader. He cut Luke’s hand, so that it was cut off, and Lightsaber fell down and with it Luke.)
Lúkr is saved from drowning by the intercession of Leia and Hani’s men in the Þúsundár Fálkinn. Following this memorable climax, there is an extended lacuna in the manuscript, and the action picks up again with an episode wherein Lúkr rescues Hani and Leia from the corrupt (and grossly obese) Danish merchant Jabbi, a rather comical figure on the whole, and this entire incident is probably to be reckoned an interpolation from a later chivalric saga. Unfortunately the saga shows its repetitive nature at this point, and we once again learn that Veiðari is building, under the auspices of Falfaðinn, a great ship to be named Dauðastjarna in meiri. At a great feast, Lúkr and Hani swear that they will kill Veiðari and Falfaðinn, burn Dauðastjarna, and conquer Kóruskantborg. Their boasts are considered binding and the sworn brothers lead several warships loaded with men to the position of the Dauðastjarna. There Hani is assisted by what the saga describes as “birnir” (literally “bears,” but in context probably to be understood as “Shetlanders” – the German version confusingly seems to understand these as actual bears) in his great assault on Falfaðinn’s fleet, but Lúkr is captured by Veiðari and brought to an audience with Falfaðinn.
Here the text of Tattúínardǿla saga is regrettably lost, but is almost surely to be reconstructed as discussed above (with the aid of hints from the Old High German text): with a climactic final holmgang in which a conflicted Veiðari chooses loyalty to his lord over loyalty to his bloodline, killing his son Lúkr and in the process bereaving himself of his own heir, and a later conclusion in which the prosperous, but troubled and aged, hersir Veiðari is himself slain in vengeance for Lúkr by the son of Hani and Leia.
Jackson Crawford teaches in the Department of Scandinavian at UC Berkeley. His new translation of the Poetic Edda presents the original myths of the Norse gods and heroes in dynamic, contemporary English.
Note: When the above introduction was written in 2010, I had not yet intended to write out the saga chapter-by-chapter, as I did over the following couple of years. The story as presented in the saga below does occasionally contradict the introduction, not least in including the ending of the story. If you want to skip the prequels, the original trilogy starts between chapters 16 and 17. Note that the way the saga is written in English is a deliberate pastiche on the old-fashioned English of so many translators. Link to the Old Norse text of the saga here.
Chapter 1: Concerning Jarl Jothi Gormoarson
JOTHI WAS THE NAME OF A MAN, son of Gormo. Jothi was a little man, but so strong that none was his equal. When he was young, he went a-viking and raided. With him in friendship was that man who was named Vindu, a noble man and the most valiant in strength and daring. He was a berserker. He and Jothi were in good agreement about everything, and there was the greatest friendship between them.
Jothi had one son. He was named Duku. Duku was a black-haired man and ugly, like his father both in appearance and in manners. He became a very active man. He was skilled in wood and iron, and became the greatest smith.
Now when Duku was in his twenties, he began to go raiding. Jothi got him a longship. With him on his expeditions went the sons of Vindu – they had a good following and another longship – and they went a-viking during the summer and took much property and gained good loot. During the summers they would go out a-viking, but in the winters they would stay home with their fathers. Duku would bring home many treasures and give them to his father. This was good both for his wealth and for his station among men. At this time Jothi was at an advanced age, but his son was in the prime of his life.
Falfathinn was the name of a war-king, who was called Falfathinn lightning-bolt. He became king of Koruskantborg in Norway, and swore that he would become sole king over Norway.
King Falfathinn lay with his army in the region of the Jedi Fjords. He sent his men out around the land there to meet those men who had not joined him, but whom he thought it would be profitable to have with him.
The king’s messengers came to Jothi and received a good welcome. They announced their errand, and said that the king wanted Jothi to come meet him. “He has,” they said, “Learned that you are a noble man and of a great family. You will receive great honor from him. The king is very eager to have with him those men whom he learns are valiant in power and physical courage.”
Jothi answered and said that he was an old man, so that we has not physically capable of going out in warships. “I would rather sit at home now, and leave off serving kings.”
The messengers went away, and when they came to the king, they told him everything that Jothi had said to them. The king was angry about this and said so in as many words, and declared that Jothi’s family was one of proud men, and wondered what kind of offer they would be content with.
Maul the Red was near, and bade the king to leave aside his anger. “I will go to meet Jothi, and he will want to join you immediately when he learns that it means so much to you.”
Then Maul the Red went to meet Jothi, and said to him that the king was angry and that it would not avail, unless one of them, he or his son, went to the king, and said that they would receive great honor from the king if they would bow to him. He told him, as was surely the truth, that the king was good to his men, and gave them honor and riches.
Jothi said that it was his plan “that my son and I not kowtow to this king, and I will not go to meet him. But if Duku comes home this summer, he will be easily persuaded to this and will want to become the king’s man. Say to the king, that I will gladly be his friend and the friend of all men, who respect my words, and I will hold to my friendship with him. I also want the same authority and charge given to me by him as by earlier kings, if the king will that it be so, and if he agrees to this we’ll see about whether I’ll serve him.”
Then Maul went back to the king and told him that Jothi would send him his son, and said that it was better that he was not then home. The king let the matter rest for a time.
Duku Jothason and Meis Vindusson came home that autumn from raiding. Duku went to his father.
The father and son took to talking. Duku asked what had been the errand of those men whom Falfathinn had sent. Jothi said that the king had sent word, that either Jothi or his son should become the king’s man.
“How did you answer?” Asked Duku.
“I said what was on my mind, which was that I would never sell myself into the hand of King Falfathinn, and you wouldn’t either, if you took my advice. I think that in the end this king will cause our death.”
“You think of this quite differently from me,” said Duku, “For I think that I will receive from him the greatest glory, and so I am firmly resolved that I will go to meet the king and will become his man, and I have learned for the truth, that his following is made up of only the most valiant men. It seems to me a great opportunity to join that following, if they want to have me. Those men are treated better than anyone else in this land. I hear that the king is incredibly generous with his money and gives all of it to his men and doesn’t hesitate to give them advancement and land when he thinks that they’ve earned these things. But I hear that all those who turn him down and don’t want to accept his friendship, become unimportant men, and some leave the country, or become migrant workers. It seems strange to me, father, that you, such a wise man as you are, and so eager for glory, would not want to accept gratefully the honor that the king has offered you. But if you think that you have a vision that we will suffer at the hands of this king and that he will become our enemy, why didn’t you fight against him in the army of the king that you used to serve? It seems unreasonable to me, to be neither Falfathinn’s enemy nor his friend.”
“It went as I expected,” said Jothi, “For those who went to fight Falfathinn lightning-bolt up north in Møre. And it will be the same now as it was then, that Falfathinn will be a great harm to my kinsmen. But you, Duku, you must follow your own wishes. I don’t doubt, though you enter into Falfathinn’s army, that you will become a man considered better than a match for any other, and equal to the best in any kind of combat. But beware that you do not think too much of yourself, and that you do not fight with men greater than you. But I do not need to counsel you to be any less yielding than you are.”
Then Duku pledged himself to the king and entered his following.
Duku had one son. He was named Kvaeggan. Kvaeggan was then eighteen years old, a promising young man and brave. He was a good-spirited man, generous and energetic, and the best fighter. He was popular with everyone.
When Jothi learned of the treachery of his son Duku, he became angry at the news, so that he stayed in his bed out of sorrow and old age. Kvaeggan came to him often and spoke to him, bade him take cheer, and said that anything would be better than to lie in bed miserably. “Rather do I think that it is a good idea, that we should take land in Iceland and set up residence there. Men can take land there for free, and choose where to build a home.” Jothi agreed soon to this idea, and they resolved to move their home and leave the country.
Early in the spring they prepared their ships. They had good ships and big ones; they had in their possession two large ocean-going ships, and on each one thirty able-bodied men, in addition to women and children. They had with them all their cattle that they could bring, but no man wished to buy their land for fear of the king.
And when they were ready, they sailed away. They sailed to those islands, which are called the Faroes. And on one island, which is called Dagoba, Jothi disembarked and walked away, and never came back to his ship. Kvaeggan went to look for him, but he had left no trace. Then Kvaeggan ordered everyone to search for him, but they never found him.
Chapter 2: Concerning Chieftain Kvæggan Dúkússon
Kvaeggan Dukusson arrived with his ship on Iceland at Nobu Valley. On the ship with him was his son, Obivan.
Kvaeggan set up a homestead. In the spring he moved the homestead north over the heath and set up his home in the place called Nobu. And one night he dreamed that his grandfather Jothi came to him and said: “There you lie, Kvaeggan, and rather unwarily. Move your home away from here and west over the Nobu River. There your luck will be good.” After that he woke up and moved over the Tattuin River into Tattuin Valley, in a place later called Kvaeggan’s Place.
Vatto was the name of a man who lived on the estate called Mosaesli. That is in Tattuin Valley. He had a slave woman who was named Smy. She was a widow and had a bastard son, and he was named Anakinn the Sky-Walker. She said that he was the son of a certain Fossi, a kinsman of Jothi Gormoarson, but Kvaeggan did not know this. He was called Anakinn the Sky-Walker because he could leap higher than his own height, and he leapt so high that he seemed to walk in the sky.
Vatto enjoyed games and tests of strength, and he was always going on about such things. Anakinn was a combative boy and irritable, and he was a good wrestler.
One year, at the beginning of winter, long after Kvaeggan had come to Iceland, a wrestling match was held in Mosaesli, and it was well-attended. Men from all over the region came, and many of Kvaeggan’s men went there too. Most prominent among them was Obivan Kvaeggansson. He was twenty years old. He had grown big and strong early in his life, and was manly in temperament, a bit dark and with an ugly nose but otherwise handsome, with long, reddish hair. He was called Viga-Obivan (Killer-Obivan).
Anakinn was nine years old. He had to fight a boy who was named Jarjari, son of Georg from Gunga’s Place. Jarjari was eleven winters old, perhaps ten, and strong for his age. And when they wrestled, Anakinn got the worst of it. Jarjari did not restrain himself against the weaker boy. Jarjari grabbed him and drove him down into a big fall and hurt him, and said that he would injure Anakinn badly if Anakinn didn’t respect him. And when Anakinn came to his feet, he left the wrestling ring, and the boys all jeered at him.
Anakinn became severely angry. He went to Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson and told him what had happened.
Viga-Obivan gave Anakinn his sword, and this sword was called Lightsaber. Such weapons were common in those days. Anakinn ran at Jarjari and drove the sword into the other boy’s head so deep that it stood in his brain.
The men of Gungaville leapt to their weapons, and so did the men of Tattuin Valley. Seven men died in the ensuing fight, and Georg was mortally injured.
And when Anakinn came home, Vatto was angry about what had happened, and from then on there was hostility between him and Viga-Obivan.
Smy said that Anakinn had the character of one of the men from the Jedi Fjords and prophecied that when he was old enough he would get a ship called “X-Wing.” Anakinn then recited this poem:
My mother said that
they should buy me
a warship and fair oars,
that I should go abroad
with the men from the Jedi Fjords,
stand up in the stern,
steer the magnificent X-Wing,
hold a course to the harbor,
cut down one man after another.
In that time there came a great famine in Tattuin Valley, so that Kvaeggan had very little hay or food. Then Kvaeggan asked Viga-Obivan to come on a trip with him. They went to Mosaesli and called Vatto out. He greeted them, and Kvaeggan took his greeting gracefully.
“This is my errand,” said Kvaeggan. “I have come to buy hay and food from you, if you have them.”
“I have both,” said Vatto, “But I won’t sell you either.
Viga-Obivan said: “We should just take the things we need, and leave him payment in their place.”
“I’m no robber,” said Kvaeggan.
“Would you buy a slave from me?” asked Vatto.
“I could use one of those,” said Kvaeggan. Then he bought Anakinn the Sky-walker from Vatto, and went home with this done.
Chapter 3: Concerning Maul Zabraksson the Red and the Killing of Kvaeggan
Maul the Red was the name of a man, a follower of Falfathinn. He was the son of Zabrak Iridoniusson. He was a warrior of great achievements.
When Falfathinn learned that Jothi and his family had moved out of Norway, he grew angry, and called for Maul the Red, whom he then sent to Iceland.
“Go to Iceland,” said Falfathinn, “And kill Jothi Gormoarson.”
But when Maul the Red came to Iceland, it was many years before he found Kvaeggan’s home in Tattuin Valley. Kvaeggan was not home, but the slave Anakinn was outside haying.
“Tell me where your master is,” said Maul.
“He is not home,” said Anakinn, “But his son is in the side-room.”
Maul went to the side-room, but did not find Viga-Obivan. Anakinn ran to the barn where Kvaeggan and Viga-Obivan were.
Kvaeggan saw Anakinn and asked, “Why aren’t you at work?”
“I’m not at work, but a follower of Falfathinn’s is,” said Anakinn.
Maul the Red came to the barn now, and saw Kvaeggan. He drew two swords, and in one movement attacked both Kvaeggan and Viga-Obivan.
Viga-Obivan was armed. Maul’s sword came at him on the left side and hit his shield below the rim, and broke it in half; it then went into Viga-Obiívan’s leg above the knee and stopped there. Maul’s other sword hit Kvaeggan on the shoulder and cut off his arm, and that wound would end the life of Kvaeggan. But Viga-Obivan swung his sword Lightsaber at Maul the Red, and cut him in half in the middle.
“Father,” said Viga-Obivan to Kvaeggan.
“It is too late,” said Kvaeggan.
“It is not,” said Viga-Obivan.
Kvæggan said: “Obivan, promise me that you will free the boy, for he has been very truthful and trustworthy. And promise, both of you, that you will avenge me.”
Viga-Obivan agreed to this.
Kvaeggan said: “He is chosen for this… it is as fate decrees… he will change the balance… avenge me!”
Kvaeggan died. He was the handsomest of men, with long reddish-brown hair, and in all ways he was the noblest man. Viga-Obivan did not weep.
He declared Anakinn free, and they both promised that they would go to Norway and there avenge Kvaeggan.
Chapter 4: Concerning the Lightsabers
Now this must be told. When Duku Jothason was young, he was a good smith, and before he went out a-viking one summer, he made a sword. And when he took it from the forge, it seemed to his assistants that green flames burned from the edges. He now bade his father Jothi to hold the sword, and said that he did not know how to make a sword, if this one should fail. Jothi swung at the anvil and cut it down to the base, and the sword neither broke nor chipped. He praised the sword very much and went to the river with a tuft of wool. And when he cast the wool into the river, and put the blade downstream from it, the sword cut it in half. Jothi went home happily.
But Duku followed his father home and said, “Father, why did you take the sword from me? I am going out a-viking, and I have need of a good sword.”
Jothi said: “Your father likes this sword, which I name Lightsaber the Green, and you can make another sword as good as this one, if you are indeed such a good smith as men say.”
Duku was angered, but he made another sword. This sword was sharper than Lightsaber the Green, and from it shone a red flame; it was named Lightsaber the Red. And he hid this sword from his father.
Chapter 5: Concerning Queen Pathema the Fair
Now this must be told. Viga-Obivan and Anakinn rode east to Horn Fjord, and with them most of Viga-Obivan’s men. They brought with them all their wares and luggage and movable things that they needed to have. Then they prepared their ship. Viga-Obivan was with the ship while it was being prepared. And when they got a fair wind, they set sail into the sea. They were at sea a long time and had bad weather; soon they became lost.
At last waves had overrun the ship three times, and Viga-Obivan said that they were near land and that these must be the shoals. There was a great fog, and the weather got worse, so that they endured a great storm. They could not find their way, till they ran aground at night. Their lives were spared, but the ship was shattered into small pieces, and they could not save the cattle. They sought to warm themselves as best they could.
And the day after that, they went up on a hill. The weather was good. Viga-Obivan asked whether any of the men knew this land, who had been there before. There were two men who knew the land, and who said that they had come to Ireland in the realm of Thithborg. “We could have landed in a worse place,” said Viga-Obivan, “For Pathema the Fair rules here. There is little love between Pathema and Falfathinn. We should put ourselves at the mercy of the queen. We can hardly do otherwise, for the queen has our lives in her hands, if she so wishes.” They all went away from that place. Viga-Obivan said that they should say no word to any man about the news or about their journey, till he could talk to the queen.
They walked till they found some men, who showed them to the queen. They went before the queen, and Viga-Obivan and Anakinn and all the men with them greeted her.
Pathema was the most beautiful of women who lived in this world, both in her fair appearance and in her wits. It had become proverbial, how beautiful she was, and thus she was called Pathema the Fair. She was a woman of such nobility that in her time other women, for all their finery, seemed childish next to her. She was the most learned of women, and the most eloquent of speech; she was a generous queen.
The queen asked what manner of men these were. Viga-Obivan gave his name and told her what region of Iceland he had come from. The queen had learned earlier that Falfathinn had sent Maul the Red to kill Kvaeggan Dukusson and Jothi Gormoarson, and so she recognized these men immediately. She asked Viga-Obivan, “What can you tell of Maul Zabraksson the Red, Falfathinn’s man?”
“I can say this,” said Viga-Obivan, “That I cut him in half.”
“Bless your hands!” Said Pathema. Viga-Obivan and Anakinn entered the service of Queen Pathema, and soon there arose great friendship between Anakinn and the queen.
Chapter 6: Concerning Jothi’s Prophecy
It was in the days of Queen Pathema of Thithborg that King Falfathinn desired to increase his realm, and to become king over Thithborg. For this reason he had the harbor of Thithborg blockaded by his navy.
And when Queen Pathema would not turn over her rule to Falfathinn, Viga-Obivan told her, that they should go to meet Falfathinn in Koruskantborg and seek a settlement with him. Pathema agreed to this.
But when Pathema’s ship was ready, Anakinn asked Viga-Obivan, whether he might come along with him and Pathema.
“That is not my intent,” said Viga-Obivan, “For you are too young.”
“But Kvaeggan bade me promise him, that I as well as you should avenge him,” said Anakinn.
Then Viga-Obivan agreed that Anakinn should come with them.
With them on this ship was a man named Artveir-Ditveir. He was a little man and silent, for he did not speak Norse, but he was a great wizard, and could cause any ship that he sang upon to move so swiftly, that no other could overtake it. And his magic availed, and Falfathinn’s navy did not catch them.
But before they came to Norway, they landed in the Faroes, on that island which is called Dagoba. And when Viga-Obivan and Anakinn went to get water from a waterfall, they saw a very old man, and they asked him who he was.
“Jothi my name is, son of Gormo, father of Duku Kvaeggan’s father,” the man said.
“Then you are the grandfather of my father, for I am Obivan, son of Kvaeggan, and he was slain in Iceland,” said Viga-Obivan.
“That I know, for seen it I have,” said Jothi.
“Then you must be a man with second sight,” said Viga-Obivan, “And if it is true, then you will also have seen that I have come with a certain freeman, who is called Anakinn the Sky-walker, and he has sworn that he and I both shall avenge my father. My father told me, that you had prophesied when he was young, that a freeman should come among our kin, and that it was destined that he should change the balance. I do not know whether I believe in this.”
“You know that you believe it, and that your father believed it. That he shall avenge your father, you believe? That he should become one of the men of the Jedi Fjords, you ask? Tried shall he be.” And Jothi turned to Anakinn, and asked, “Afraid are you?”
“I am not afraid,” said Anakinn.
“See through you, I can,” said Jothi, “Afraid to lose your mother, are you.”
“Is that important?” Said Anakinn.
“That is of the greatest importance,” said Jothi, “For fear sows anger, anger sows hate, hate sows suffering.”
Then Anakinn became angry, and he said, “I am not afraid.”
“Then continue, shall we,” said Jothi.
Chapter 7: Concerning the Journey of Anakinn and Pathema to Norway
Viga-Obivan and Anakinn dwelled there on Dagoba many years with Jothi; he was a very old man, but as strong as he was in his youth. He taught Anakinn to fight in the way of the men from the Jedi fjords, and Anakinn became the best of fighters. In the summers Viga-Obivan would go out raiding. But Jothi would never again leave the island Dagoba.
Anakinn grew up there on Dagoba in the Faeroes. He was the handsomest of men who had been born in Iceland; he had strong features and a good face, with the best of eyes and light-colored hair; he had long hair as fair as silk, and it fell in locks. He was a big man and strong, much like Kvaeggan had been. Anakinn comported himself better than any man, so that all wondered when they saw him; he was also a better fighter than most other men. He was craftier than most men and the best of swimmers; he could outperform other men in any sport.
And when they had been on Dagoba ten years, Queen Pathema was twenty-four years old, and Anakinn the Sky-walker was eighteen. Pathema became very angry that they had not yet gone to Norway. Viga-Obivan thought that Anakinn was full-grown and quite ready to avenge Kvaeggan, but Jothi thought that Anakinn was very young and angry, and said, “And you, Obivan, much like your grandfather are you, and will not heed good advice, and need you this temperament not.”
Nevertheless Viga-Obivan went to Norway, and with him Pathema and Anakinn.
The weather was good, and they reached Norway in the north at the Jedi Fjords. Viga-Obivan said, “Anakinn, go with Pathema to Koruskantborg. And I will find Meis Vindusson, the friend of my father, in the Jedi fjords. I cannot go to Koruskantborg, for the king knows my family, and he would slay me immediately. But remain with Pathema, and guard her from the king’s men, till I come back with men from the Jedi Fjords.”
Anakinn and Pathema came to Koruskantborg on their ship. In that time were there many Icelandic men in Norway, who were of the highest station; at the pier there were three ships already, and Icelanders owned them all.
But when they stepped off the ship, a man ran at Pathema, and made to kill her with his sword. At that instant Anakinn cut off the man’s leg above his knee, and this wound was enough to kill him.
Anakinn said, “This will mean that Falfathinn wants you killed.”
Pathema said, “Nevertheless I want to go to him, and exchange words with him.” Pathema went immediately to meet King Falfathinn and Anakinn was with her; they received a good welcome.
The king asked, whether it was true that a man had tried to kill her on the pier earlier that day. Pathema answered that this was true.
The king said, “We do not like this news, and We wish to advise You that Ye keep with you a good man who can guard You from robbers.” Then the king asked, who that stately man was, who was in her following, and she answered, “This is my retainer and he is called Anakinn the Sky-walker.”
“Certainly he is a bold-looking fellow,” said the king.
Chapter 8: Concerning Smy, the Mother of Anakinn
Now Anakinn became Pathema’s retainer, and he followed her wherever she needed to go. They exchanged many words in private, and men laughed about this and joked that the slave’s son Anakinn Sky-walker would ask for the hand of the fair queen.
It is said that once Anakinn told Pathema of a dream: “I dreamed,” he said, “That I seemed to see my mother, and I saw her so clearly that I seemed to see her just as I see you. She suffered torments, and men that I didn’t know killed her. I know that I swore to protect you, but I cannot allow my mother to suffer so. There is no other choice than for me to help my mother.”
Pathema said, “But if you must protect me, so also must I be with you.”
“Yes,” said Anakinn, “But you cannot come with me to Iceland. It is a dangerous land.”
“I am a queen,” said Pathema, “And I can do as I please.”
Then they prepared for their journey, and they arrived in Iceland at Nobudalr, and they slept there on the beach that night.
“When I was a child, I enjoyed the beach, lying on the sand and drying off under the sun. And I entertained myself by guessing the names of the birds that sang,” said Pathema.
“I don’t like sand,” said Anakinn.
In the morning they went to Mosaesli, and there they found Vatto. Anakinn asked, whether he had seen his mother Smy.
“I don’t own her any longer,” said Vatto.
Anakinn asked, “Do you know where she is?”
“I sold her to a farmer who is named Klegg Larsson, who lives at the Farm of Waters in Tattuin Valley.”
Anakinn now went to the Farm of Waters and Pathema with him. They found there a house and a man outside who was cutting wood. Anakinn asked him what his name was, and he called himself Oin. Oin asked Anakinn for his name, which he also provided. Oin recognized this name. Then he led Anakinn and Pathema into the house; it was small but well-built. He told his wife that some people had come. She was named Bera. She saw Anakinn and said, “Most men will be badly rewarded by this one, but you’ll have your way, I guess.”
Oin’s father was Klegg. He sat inside the house and did not come out; one of his legs had been cut off.
Anakinn asked, “Where is my mother, Smy, whom Vatty in Mosaesli sold to you?”
Klegg said, “The great robbers, the sons of Tuskinn, took her.”
Anakinn asked, whether these ill deeds were unavenged.
“I went to the Tuskinssons, and made to take her back,” said Klegg, “But I came home with one foot fewer.”
Anakin was silent, then stood and walked out.
Oin asked, “Where are you going?”
“To find my mother,” said Anakinn.
“She is dead, son-in-law,” said Klegg.
“That is not true,” said Anakinn, “For I can see her in my dreeams. I know that she lives still, and I must find her.”
Oin said, “I will give you my horse, which is the best in the region.”
Anakinn said, “Certainly I will come back shortly.”
In the morning before the sunrise Anakinn came to the house of the Tuskinssons. He saw a woman on the ground, bleeding profusely, and he recognized his mother.
“Mother,” said Anakinn.
She asked, “Do I hear the voice of Anakinn, my son?”
“I am here, mother. I shall avenge you, and we two shall ride home together,” said Anakinn.
“Anakinn,” she said, “You are certainly a brave man, and my life is complete, now that I see that you have become a good man.” Then Smy died while Anakinn cradled her in his lap. Anakinn ran up into the house and killed very many men. Then he returned to the Farm of Waters with the body of his mother, and there burned her body. Anakinn honored his mother with a funeral feast, as was the old custom.
Chapter 9: Concerning the Secret Counsel of Duku Jothason
Now it must be told, that Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson came to the Jedi Fjords. He found the house of his grandfather, but no one was home. He hid himself in a bed, and slept.
But when he wakened, he heard the voices of many men, and one was there who spoke with a brave voice.
“It will still seem,” said this man, “That I am greedy, but so it always will. And it will be difficult to see to it, that you will not seem to be the worst kind of liar or a traitor, when you do as you intend. But I am told…”
“It is certain,” said another man, “That men will call us the worst kind of liars.”
The man with the brave voice said, “Many stand against us, more with us. The men of the Jedi Fjords are dead, or else gone to Iceland, never to come back. Who has seen my father Jothi in thirty years? Or my son Kvaeggan, or his son Obivan? With them gone, no farmer in the Jedi Fjords will draw a sword when our army comes to his land. We will have the grandest army in Norway, and King Falfathinn will repay us this gift with gifts in turn. He will do us honor, and make us rich lords.”
A third man answered: “Truly is it said, that you hate the bonds of kinship, and rejoice while your father is outlawed. But men say that this is itself a trait of your kin.”
But Duku was silent.
When night fell, men found Viga-Obivan in the bed, and bound him in fetters. Duku heard men talk about this prisoner, and went to talk with him.
Viga-Obivan said: “Traitor to your kin.”
“No, no, my kinsman,” said Duku, “This is misdone, frightfully misdone. They have gone too far, this is madness.”
“I thought you were the leader here, Duku,” said Viga-Obivan.
Dúkú said: “I had nothing to do with this, I assure you. I will ask them immediately to free you.”
“Certainly you will,” said Viga-Obivan, “And I expect that it will not take too long. That work is great, which I have before me.”
Duku said: “It is much to be regretted, that we two have never met before, Viga-Obivan. Kvaeggan praised you much. I wish that he were still alive. He would help me now.”
“Kvaeggan would never have joined you,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“You know not whether you speak truly when you say this. You forget that he was my son, as you were his. He knew that my father Jothi was corrupt with vice when he stood against King Falfathinn, and he would never have gone with Jothi, if he had learned the true story, as I have.”
“The true story?” said Viga-Obian.
“The true story,” said Duku. “What would you tell me, if I told you that the old Jedi Fjord men were the thralls of a Seith Lord?”
“No, that isn’t possible,” said Viga-Obivan. “Jóði, and Kvæggan, and others would know, if that were true.”
“Their eyes are blind,” said Duku, “In the dark waters of Urth’s well, my kinsman. A hundred lords in this very land are the thralls of Seith Lord Sithius.”
“I do not believe your words,” said Viga-Obivan.
“A jarl from Halogaland was in league with Seith Lord Sithius. But ten years ago Sithius betrayed him. He came to me, and sought help from me, and told me all that had happened,” said Duku. “You must join me, Viga-Obivan – together we can destroy the Seith.”
“I shall never stand with you, Duku,” said Viga-Obivan, “As you did not stand with our ancestor Jothi.”
Duku walked out, and he said that he expected to encounter much difficulty in getting Viga-Obivan released.
Chapter 10: Concerning the Battle in the Jedi Fjords
Viga-Obivan sat for many weeks in his fetters, and men gave him little food and no drink except for cold water. One day men came to him and bore him to a small coastal island, where they bound him to a tree.
“If I am bound, I can not draw a sword in a duel,” said Viga-Obivan.
“It is not a duel to which you have been challenged,” said a man. “You are dragon fodder.”
Then Viga-Obivan saw that Anakinn the Sky-walker and Queen Pathema went bound just as he was, and men tied them to other trees. Anakinn was the nearest to Viga-Obivan.
Viga-Obivan asked, “Why are you two in the Jedi Fjords?”
Anakinn said, “We were in Iceland and came back to Norway, but we went first to the Faroes and were guests at the house of Jothi, your forefather. He dreamed one night that you were in the Jedi Fjords and that malicious men bound you. We have come to save you, as you saved me when I was but a boy in the Tattuin River Valley.”
Then Viga-Obivan said that Anakinn and Pathema had failed to do this.
There were many men on the shore near the island, who watched them. Duku Jothason was with them, and another man of chieftain rank, who did not speak Norse. This man said something to those men who stood near some large doors in a building. These men opened the doors, and out came three beasts.
There was a dragon there who breathed fire; he was green, and with six legs. There was also a huge bull; he was red, and looked a monstrous fierce animal with three horns. There was also a lion.
The dragon came first to Viga-Obivan, and breathed fire against him. But Viga-Obivan held his fetters before himself, so that the fire burnt them, and Viga-Obivan escaped unburnt, though his hands were still bound together. The dragon went after him and tried to capture him in his claws, or to break a tree and hit him with the trunk. And he breathed fire, and burnt many trees, and Viga-Obivan could neither hide nor defend himself.
The men who were watching took it badly that Viga-Obivan still lived, for they had believed that the dragon would eat him, and they feared that the dragon would eat them, if it couldn’t get Viga-Obivan. One of them cast a spear at Viga-Obivan, which Viga-Obivan caught in the air and threw at the dragon. The dragon was hardly injured by the spear, and even took it in his mouth, and bit it.
But while Viga-Obivan fought the dragon, the great bull attacked Anakinn. And it is said by men, that Anakinn is called the Sky-walker because he could jump more than his own height in the air. And now he jumped on the back of the bull, and all who saw wondered at this. Anakinn wound his fetters around the horns of the bull, and the bull was so strong, that the fetters burst apart immediately. Now Anakinn rode the bull.
At the same time the lion intended to eat Queen Pathema. But she had in her hand an Irish knife, which was enchanted in this way, that no one could see it except Paðéma. She cut her fetters, and climbed the tree which she had been bound to. But the lion climbed the tree after her, and cut her with its claws. But she still had her fetters in her hands, and she whipped the lion, so that it could not come nearer.
Anakinn the Sky-walker saw that the lion threatened Pathema, and he rode the bull till he reached the lion, and the bull gored the lion with its horns. Pathema leapt out of the tree onto the bull, and they rode to Viga-Obivan, who was still trying to escape the dragon.
Duku Jothason was angry when he saw that Anakinn and Pathema killed the lion. His men went onto the islet, and intended to kill them.
But then a man set a sword on Duku’s neck.
“Meis Vindusson,” said Duku, “I am glad that you have come here.”
But Meis said, “This ‘duel’ can not continue, mother-betrayer.”
Then Duku saw, that there were many men from the Jedi Fjords who had come with Meis, and all of them had swords drawn in their hands.
“You are brave,” said Duku, “But full of foolishness, friend of my father. There are many more men here who stand with me, than stand with you.”
“I believe that I have the greater number,” said Meis.
“We’ll see,” said Duku, and he ran away, while his men shot arrows at Meis Vindusson. But there was no man who could shoot an arrow more swiftly than Meis Vindusson could parry it. No man could swing a sword more swiftly than Meis, and he slew many a bowman with his sword.
Meis Vindusson slew also the great bull, and the Jedi Fjord men who were with Meis gave Anakinn two swords. Anakinn cut the bonds on Viga-Obivan’s hands, and gave him a sword. Now they stood with the men of the Jedi Fjords, and they killed many of Duku’s men. Queen Pathema took a bow from a man who had been killed by Meis, and she slew many men with arrows. But more men came after all who had fallen, and the men of the Jedi Fjords grew weary.
But then men heard Queen Pathema say, “Look!” And they saw that in the harbor there had come a ship, and Jothi Gormoarson stepped forward, and with him from these ships came Faroese fighters, who stood with the men from the Jedi Fjords. These Faroese men killed many of Duku’s men with sword and with arrow and with spear.
But the dragon was still alive, and he slew – with fire, or else with his claws, or with his already bloody teeth – all those men whom he could strike: whether they were from the Jedi Fjords, from the Faroes, or from Duku;s army. And no man could harm the dragon, for his skin was as hard as stone.
Viga-Obivan ran to his forefather Jothi and bade him lend him the good sword Lightsaber the Green, which Duku had once made. Jothi gave it into Viga-Obivan’s hands, and Viga-Obivan went to the dragon bearing this sword.
The dragon spat fire at Viga-Obivan, but Lightsaber the Green was the hardest of all swords, and ate all the fire which the dragon breathed. Then Viga-Obivan cut at the dragon, and struck him above the knee, and took off a foot. He cut again, and again, and cut off a second and a third foot. The dragon then fell, and Viga-Obivan wound up the sword hard and cut at the dragon’s neck, so that the head fell onto the sand.
But the dragon’s head said:
“Fellow! And what a fellow!
Of what fellow were you born?
Of what kin are you the son?
You, who fiercely reddened
Your green sword:
The sword stands in my heart!”
And Viga-Obivan said:
“My ancestry
I say to you, to whom it is unknown,
And I reveal myself with the same:
I am named Killer-Obivan,
And Kvaeggan was my father,
It is I who killed you with the weapons!”
Then Viga-Obivan went to the dragon, and he cut the heart out of it with Lightsaber the Green. Jothi was not there, while Viga-Obivan fought the dragon, but he came now, while Viga-Obivan wiped the blood from Lightsaber the Green. Viga-Obivan gave that good sword back to his forefather.
But then Viga-Obivan saw that Duku went on to one of Jothi’s ships, and he began to weigh anchor. He called to the Faroese men, and told them to shoot him, but they said that they had no more arrows. Anakinn the Sky-walker ran to the shore, and swam to the ship before Duku could weigh anchor. Anakinn had a sword in each hand.
Duku Jothason drew Lightsaber the Red. “This is manfully done, boy,” he said.
Duku cut at Anakinn, but Anakinn parried with his swords, though Duku followed each cut with another, so that Anakinn could not make any cuts in return. Finally Duku cut off one of Anakinn’s hands, and Anakinn defended himself with the other for a while, before he fell unconscious to the ground.
But while Anakinn and Duku fought, Jothi had come on to the ship.
“Father,” said Duku, son of Jothi.
“Son,” said Jothi, son of Gormo.
Son drew sword against father, and father drew sword against son. Long they fought, sword on sword, till Jothi said: “Well have you fought, my son.”
But Duku answered with a scornful smile, before he leapt out of the ship into another boat below, and disappeared.
Chapter 11: Concerning the Fall of Duku Jothason
The ship which Duku had stolen from his father Jothi was a very swift ship, and Jothi did not have another which could catch up with it. And there were still many men who stood against the Jedi Fjord men, and the battle continued for a long time.
But when Duku’s men were slain or had fled, Viga-Obivan remembered that Anakinn was on one of Jothi’s ships. He rowed out to this ship, and did not expect that he would find Anakinn alive, because Jothi had told him about the great wound which Duku had inflicted upon him. But Viga-Obivan found Anakinn alive, though not conscious.
Viga-Obivan took Anakinn back to the shore, and showed him to Jothi and to Meis Vindusson. Meis asked whether Viga-Obivan wished for this slave’s son to live.
“Certainly I do,” said Viga-Obivan, “Is it not true, that my ancestor Jothi prophesied, that a man would come to the folk of the Jedi Fjords, a slave-born man, and he would settle our quarrel with Falfathinn?”
“So I prophesied,” said Jothi, “But it is possible, that understand this prophecy we do not.”
“He will not betray us,” said Viga-Obivan, “For I have taken him as my brother.”
“You have great faith in prophecy, as did your father Kvaeggan,” said Meis, “But because Anakinn has saved you, I will heal him. But I do not trust this slave’s son, and my heart tells me that we will regret that I have saved him.”
Jothi Gormoarson had powers of prophecy, but Meis Vindusson was a man of magical skill. He made a new hand for Anakinn, and this hand was made of silver. Then he set this hand on Anakinn’s arm, and cast a spell over him:
“Bone to bone, blood to blood,
Limb to limb, so be they linked.”
Then Anakinn wakened, and his silver hand was as his other hand, and he could move it like the other, even though it was made of silver, and shone like moonlight.
Now Anakinn the Sky-walker and Víga-Obiívan took another of Jothi’s ships. Jothi gave Viga-Obivan Lightsaber the Green, and bade him merit the gift well.
It was a long journey from the Jedi Fjords to Koruskantborg. And when Viga-Obivan and Anakinn sailed into the harbor there, they saw that ship which Duku had stolen. And when they boarded this ship, there were many men who attacked them. But these were young men, untried boys, and they could not harm Viga-Obivan or Anakinn, but Viga-Obivan and Anakinn killed many of them, and many others fled, for they feared the green fire which burned from Lightsaber the Green, and also the fierce man who bore that good sword.
Finally there were no men who stood against Viga-Obivan and Anakinn, and they saw now that Duku Jothason stood alone, and he had King Falfathinn set in fetters.
Duku laughed. “I give you a choice,” he said, “If you want to fight with me, I will kill the king, as I killed his guards. And then whom will you avenge your father on, Víga-Obivan, if King Falfathinn is dead? But if you settle with me, I will take you, Viga-Obivan, as my grandson, innocent of wrongdoing. I say to you still: Join me, grandson. Together we two can destroy the Seith-lord, and we shall be kings in Norway.”
Viga-Obivan did not answer, but he said to Anakinn: “Because I will not have another man kill my father’s slayer, and Duku is himself my father’s father, I will not fight with him.”
But Anakinn became angry, for Duku had cut off his hand, and he cut at Duku with the sword that he held in his silver hand.
Viga-Obivan did not want to see his sworn brother Anakinn killed, and he cut at Duku with Lightsaber the Green. But Duku was a great Seith-man, and he spoke a spell on Viga-Obivan, so that Viga-Obivan fell to the ground asleep.
Duku and Anakinn fought long, and Duku said: “I see that there is great fear in you, great hate, great rage. But these do not avail you.”
Now Anakinn became surpassingly angry, and he took Lightsaber the Green from Viga-Obivan’s hand, and he made a great swing with this sword, and cut from Duku both his hands. Duku fell on his knees, and King Falfathinn laughed.
“You have done well,” said King Falfathinn, “Kill him.”
But Anakinn would not kill Duku, saying “He is the grandfather of Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson, who is my sworn brother. If I kill his kinsman, it will be a great shame, and his family will avenge this on me.”
“If you kill him,” said the king, “I will make you the foremost of all my retainers, and I will grant you jewels, gold, and honor.”
Now Anakinn took the sword Lightsaber the Red, which had fallen to his feet, in his left hand, and he held Lightsaber the Green still in his right. And with both swords he cut off Duku’s head.
Now Anakinn released King Falfathinn from his fetters, and the king said that they had to swim to the shore as swiftly as they could, because the ship was burning.
“I shall not save my own life,” said Anakinn the Sky-walker, “Unless I can save the life of Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson also. He has taken me as his brother, and I would not be faithless to him.”
But King Falfathinn said, “You killed his grandfather, and that he will avenge upon you.”
“Viga-Obivan and I will never fight one another,” said Anakinn, “Even if Jothi Gormoarson his ancestor commands him to kill me.” And Anakinn jumped out of the ship into the sea, and he held Viga-Obivan’s cape in one hand, and so dragged him to the beach.
Many men were waiting on the beach. They stared in amazement, when they saw that the king lived, and that Anakinn the Sky-walker had saved him. And the king said to this crowd which had assembled there: “Anakinn the Sky-walker shall be my bodyguard forever, and I will hear no words spoken against him, which I will not avenge.” And all these men praised Anakinn much.
But Viga-Obivan wakened and heard the words of King Falfathinn, and he liked them very little. “You have become too near to the king, and the Jedi Fjord men do not trust him. Do not forget that Maul Zabraksson the Red, his retainer, killed Kvaeggan Dukusson, my father, and the man who freed you.”
“I have not forgotten this,” said Anakinn, “Nor have I forgotten that we two swore an oath to Kvaeggan as he died, that we would avenge him. But I am now bound to serve the king. I am his retainer, and I will not draw my swords against him.”
And Viga-Obivan observed that Anakinn held two swords, Lightsaber the Red, the sword of his grandfather Duku, and Lightsaber the Green, his own sword. And he said: “Where is my grandfather Duku? You hold his sword, as if it were a war-prize.”
“Your grandfather Duku died on the ship, which burned,” said Anakinn the Sky-walker.
But Viga-Obivan looked upon Anakinn with doubt.
Anakinn said, “I took the sword which took my hand. Is that not rightly done?”
But Viga-Obivan said: “You also took my sword.”
“This sword I took from you,” said Anakinn, “When you would not help your brother, and I helped myself with it. Now, brother, I will give you back Lightsaber the Green, but I make this condition: That you will give it to my son, if a son is born to me.”
“I shall do so,” said Viga-Obivan, “For you have truly become my brother. But what shall you do with Lightsaber the Red?”
“This sword I take as my own,” said Anakinn, “And as recompense for my hand.”
Anakinn went now to the king’s hall, but Viga-Obivan bought a boat, and sailed back to the Jedi Fjords.
Chapter 12: Concerning the Secret Counsel of King Falfathinn
Anakinn dreamed many nights that Queen Pathema seemed to have a child, but died in childbirth. For this reason he went to the hall of King Falfathinn one evening, while King Falfathinn ate with his retainers and listened to his skalds.
But before Anakinn could tell King Falfathinn of these tidings, Falfathinn said: “Anakinn, you must know that the Jedi Fjord men want to kill me.”
“My lord,” said Anakinn, “The Jedi Fjord men are good friends to me; I would not willingly call them underhanded men. If they attack You, my lord, they will stand manfully and openly.”
“Anakinn,” said the king, “Search deeper. You know that Viga-Obivan hates me, because I had his father killed, but he did not attack me when he knew he had the chance to ambush me on the beach. Does this seem to you manfully done? Yes, search deeper. It is a great shame which the Jedi Fjord men are planning with their magic.”
“My lord,” said Anakinn, “The Jedi Fjord men cast their magic openly. They are not such men as cut runes in the roots in the twilight, but rather they use their magic for prophecy and for healing. But the Seith-men cast dark spells and dissemble; and if they give men help, it is only because they expect that they will then help them.”
But King Falfathinn said, “Is it not true that the Jedi Fjord men do so? Why did Meis Vindusson heal you, if it was not so that you would avail the Jedi Fjord men when they attack me?”
Anakinn was silent.
“You see, my young apprentice,” said the king, “And it has been hidden from you that the Seith-men are also healers. Are you familiar with the story of the powerful Seith-man who was named Plagueis?”
“No, my lord,” said Anakinn the Sky-walker.
“That I thought was most likely,” said the king, “For no one from the Jedi Fjords would tell you this story. It is a Seith-story. Plagueis was a Seith-men, powerful and wise. So strong was he in the Seith, that he could use his magic to prevent those he loved from dying.”
Anakinn said: “Do you speak truly, that he could use magic to save people from death?”
King Falfathinn answered: “Seith is the pathway to magical ability which some consider unnatural. Plagueis became so mighty, that the only thing he feared was losing his power. And of course he eventually lost that power. He had taught his apprentice all his seiðr, but the apprentice killed him in his sleep. He had learned to save others from death, but not himself.”
Anakinn said: “Is it possible for a man to learn this magic?”
“Not from a Jedi Fjord man,” said King Falfathinn.
“It is my guess,” said Anakinn the Sky-walker, “That you are yourself a Seith-man.”
“A king who wants to become wise and wide-ruling, drinks whatever he may from the well of Urth,” said King Falfathinn, “But the Jedi Fjord men wish not to drink from the dark waters there. I know where Odin hid his pledge. It was not in the clear waters of the well. And who are kings? I am, and Odin, and no man of the Jedi Fjords. Drink from the dark waters, Anakinn Sky-walker. Drink thence, and you will become stronger than any Jedi Fjord man is. It may come to pass, that I will teach you the spell which could save Queen Pathema’s life.”
“What do you know about Queen Pathema?” asked Anakinn.
“Certainly she will die without Seith-healing,” said the king, “I have foreseen it. And the Jedi Fjord men will not help her in this way. If you want to save the queen – and the child which she bears to you, slave-born as you are, it is I alone who will help you. In Ireland or in Iceland or even in the Jedi Fjords you would be a laughingstock and an outlaw – the slave who despoiled a queen. But here I will make you a rich landholder – yes, even a jarl – if you give me that last piece of my kingdom Norway. And that is the Jedi Fjords.”
A man in a black cloak stood up now among the retainers, and it was Meis Vindusson. “I have heard that you King Falfathinn want to enslave the Jedi Fjords as you have all other regions. But we will not serve you willingly” – and he drew his sword thereupon.
King Falfathinn forbade his bodyguards to defend him, though he was an old man, and himself drew a sword. But finally Meis was stronger, and he disarmed Falfathinn.
Anakinn said: “It is murder, if you kill an unarmed man.”
Still Meis Vindusson cut at King Falfathinn. But the king worked a dark spell, and lightning came from his fingers, so that the sword could not touch him, but Meis Vindusson burned. King Falfathinn burned also, and his face was melting and becoming disfigured.
“Anakinn Slave’s-son,” said Meis Vindusson, “We give you a choice. You can save me or King Falfathinn. But I alone knew the spell to make you a new silver hand. And you are an oath-breaker and the worst kind too, if you slay a sworn brother’s kinsman.”
“It is your choice, Lord Anakinn,” said King Falfathinn, “Whether you will save me or Meis. But I alone know the spell to save Queen Pathema’s life, and you are an oath-breaker and the worst kind too, if you slay your own lord.”
Anakinn the Sky-walker drew Lightsaber the Red in his silver hand, and killed Meis Vindusson.
Anakinn now fell to his knees, and King Falfathinn laughed.
“I am an oath-breaker,” said Anakinn, “And an outlaw. I am not worthy of the honor which you give me.”
“You are my retainer and my apprentice, and soon you will learn the magic which will save Queen Pathema’s life, and you yourself will become a lord in Norway.”
“I will do only that which you bid of me, my lord,” said Anakinn the Sky-walker.
“Good,” said King Falfathinn. “While you were here with me in Koruskantborg, I guess that the intention of the Jedi Fjord men was to send this man here secretly to kill or intimidate me. They are unmanly, even your sworn brother Viga-Obivan son of Kvaeggan. Go now to the Jeði Fjords, kill them all, every living thing in those fjords, Lord Anakinn. Thither will you go a slave’s son, and thence will you return a lord, and you will learn Seith, and we shall save the life of your queen – and of your royal child.”
Chapter 13: Concerning the Great War-March of Anakinn the Sky-walker
Now the saga must turn to Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson, who came back to the Jedi Fjords, and weary from his journey came into the house of Jothi, his ancestor.
Queen Pathema was there, and with her her retainers, and it was clear to be seen that she was pregnant.
She asked, “Where is Anakinn?”
“He remained in Koruskantborg,” said Viga-Obivan.
“Why didn’t he come back to the Jedi Fjords, where he has allies? Is he not obligated to us both?” said Queen Pathema.
But Viga-Obivan said, “I don’t know why you say, ‘to us both.’ But he has sworn oaths of faithfulness to King Falfathinn. He has become a retainer of the king, and he has taken the good sword of my grandfather Duku as his own.”
“You speak wrongly,” said Queen Pathema, “Why do you believe that you are permitted to say such lies?”
“Queen Pathema,” said Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson, “I heard him swear these oaths to King Falfathinn. I doubt that he would refuse the commands of the king, even if the king should order him to kill Jedi Fjord men.”
And Queen Pathema said, “What happened then to Meis Vindusson, who went to Koruskantborg when you and Anakinn did not come back? He believed that you two had been slain by King Falfathinn, and he went there with his army and would avenge you.”
“I did not know that he made this journey,” said Viga-Obivan, “And I am returned late because I fought along the way with the berserk named Grivus. I slew that great berserk, but he wielded four swords at a time, and I could not bite him with my sword. With a bow I slew him at last, but I do not boast of this battle; he was the better man. And he broke my boat, and I was constrained to walk the rest of the way.”
When he had said these words, a messenger came to the doors of the house. Jothi Gormoarsson asked what he would say.
The messenger said that many warriors were coming, and that they slew all that lived, even livestock and children. Viga-Obivan asked who led this army.
The messenger said that it was a tall man, “And he was in a black cape and a black helm, and one of his hands was made of silver.”
Viga-Obivan said, “Queen Pathema, let us now leave Norway. Why do you delay? I see that your ship is in the fjord. Did you never intend to go back to your kingdom in Ireland, where your child will grow up befittingly? Why do you delay now, when you have already delayed here too long?”
But Queen Pathema was silent.
“You have never gone back to your kingdom,” Viga-Obivan pressed on, “After many years in the Faroes and then in Norway, and these did not profit you. Why do you sit here and not go back? Come with us and live in your kingdom with your living child. If you stay here, you will die, and the infant inside you as well. Why will you not say, yea or nay? Anakinn comes and with him death. He is the king’s man. He will kill you and the child!”
Queen Pathema wept, but did not speak.
Viga-Obivan looked upon her with doubt, and said, “Anakinn is the father. Or is he not?”
Queen Pathema remained silent. Now Viga-Obivan spoke to her retainers, saying, “Make her ship ready for a journey to Iceland; the queen will soon be in labor, and I don’t expect that we can get to Ireland soon.” But the ship was already prepared; Queen Pathema had intended to go to Ireland when Anakinn came back.
Now Jothi and Viga-Obian went aboard a ship of Jothi’s; that ship was prepared, but not so long as for a trip to Iceland. “But we must land the ship, as I had earlier intended, on Dagoba in the Faroes,” said Jothi, “And you take provisions and water there, but I will remain on Dagoba. I do not desire to go to Ireland with the queen. Anakinn will eventually go there, and this old man does not wish to see his son’s killer again.”
And Viga-Obivan weighed anchor, and behind him the retainers of Pathema. Pathema’s ship was already on the point of launching when she finally came aboard, and she wept still.
And on his ship, Jothi went soon under deck, and did not see when Anakinn the sky-walker rode along the fjord road, and he called to Queen Pathema.
“I see your ship,” said Anakinn the sky-walker, “But why do you go, or where?”
“Viga-Obivan gave me an account of your terrible misdeeds,” said Queen Pathema.
“What deeds were these?” asked Anakinn.
Queen Pathema said, “He told me that you had become a Seith-man, that you serve King Falfathinn who oppresses my country, and that he bade you kill all people and living things in the Jedi Fjords, even children. And I Queen Pathema bear your child, Anakinn Sky-walker!” And men wondered when they heard this, for it was well-known that Anakinn the sky-walker was a freedman.
Anakinn said, “Viga-Obivan wants to turn you against me, because I killed his grandfather.”
Queen Pathema said, “He loves you as a brother, and he has treated me well, and he wants to help us both.”
But Anakinn laughed. “What gain is there in him? Seith-magic alone will save you, Pathema. I have sworn my oaths of faithfulness to King Falfathinn for your sake and for the child’s – so that you both can live, and live royally, which befits you. The king has foreseen that you will die in Iceland if you go with Viga-Obivan. Do not betray me, Pathema. I was born a slave, but I have become a jarl – and at last I can, as a jarl, ask formally for your hand.”
“No, Anakinn,” said Queen Pathema, “Come with me, and help me raise our child in Ireland. Escape now! It will be too late for you afterwards.”
“Do you not understand?” said Anakinn the sky-walker, “Why do you flee from Norway, when I have become powerful in Norway, and Norway itself has become peaceful through me? And after this rebellion against the king is extinguished, and Seith-magic has saved you, why should I dabble in dark magic longer? We shall set it aside, and we shall rule Norway, yes and Ireland too!”
But what Queen Pathema said in reply, Anakinn the sky-walker could not hear, for her ship had sailed too far. Anakinn was filled with anger at Queen Pathema, for it seemed to him that she was faithless, and followed Viga-Obivan out of malice or stupidity. And because he had become a great Seith-sorceror, he stretched out his silver hand, and made as if he were choking her. And on her ship, she fell to the deck in a swoon, as if strangled, and all men wondered seeing this sorcery, for no one was touching her.
Chapter 14: Concerning the Children of Queen Pathema, and Her Death
Queen Pathema and the others reached Iceland early one morning. The queen had become sick and weak since Anakinn the Sky-walker had used Seith-magic to choke her. And when Iceland became visible from the ship, there was a great hailstorm on the land, and a volcanic eruption to the north; there was a great fall of ash as well. Then a fierce southwester kicked up, and a tidal flux against it, and the weather became hard in the fjord, as it often can be; it concluded with Pathema’s ship sinking under her.
Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson had landed earlier, and he saw from the beach that Queen Pathema was in a shipwreck, and he swam to her and with difficulty brought her back to the shore along with some few of her retainers. And screaming there on the sand she gave birth to twins, a son and a daughter. The children were sprinkled with water and given names, and the girl was called Leia, but the boy Lukr.
Viga-Obian asked, whether she wanted Anakinn the Sky-walker to know that he was the father of these two children, for “I suspect that he would not continue to serve King Falfathinn, nor harry in Ireland, if he knew that he was the father of these Irish nobles. But it is likely that King Falfathinn would have these children killed as soon as possible, if he thought that it could be done and knew where they were to be found. Unlucky young children! Your father obeys the man who would be your murderer. But if Anakinn slew Meis Vindusson, the man who helped him most, what would he do if Falfathinn the king bade him slay these children? Never did such regal children have such an ill father.”
But Queen Pathema gave no heed to Viga-Obivan. She kissed the children, and then she said: “I was worst to him that I most loved.” And she died in the sand.
Near the beach they raised a mound over Queen Pathema. But now men did not know what should be done with the children. Viga-Obivan wanted Oinn Kleggsson to raise the children, a man who was related to them, for he was the son of the same mother as Anakinn the Sky-walker. But the Irish retainers wanted to bring the children up in Thithborg in the Aldiran districts in Ireland, among their regal family.
“But first we must find other women who are in milk,” said Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson, “Or the children will soon die. And the road is long to the Tattuin River Valley, or other districts which I know well.”
“But we have with us one woman who is currently in milk, and she is one of Queen Pathema’s ladies in waiting,” said Beilorgana, a retainer of Pathema’s, “We will take one of the children with her back to Ireland.”
“You don’t have a ship,” said Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson.
“We will take your ship,” said Beilorgana, “And Anakinn the Sky-walker will hear the news, that your ship has left Iceland, and he will never seek you and the child on Iceland. But one of the children will remain in Ireland in the Aldiran districts, and many good warriors are there.”
“I have heard tell of the Aldiran districts,” said Viga-Obivan, “And men say that it is a peaceful land, and one without weapons. And I myself was often near there on viking expeditions with my father Kvaeggan when he still lived; I don’t remember any good warriors. But I will agree with this plan for the sake of the boy, and he shall dwell here on Iceland with his Norse family.”
“It is very important,” said Beilorgana, “That the child not know that he is the son of Anakinn the Sky-walker. And that no one in the land know, unless it be his foster father.”
“Of course,” said Viga-Obivan, “No one will accuse me of unwatchfulness. Do as you like with the girl – I hold the prophesied avenger of my family. But let this boy have a big drink of milk first, because I have a long way to walk to get to the Tattuin River Valley.”
After the boy had drunk much, Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson took him in his arms. Long did he walk west, till he came at last to the Tattuin River Valley, and he saw the volcanic eruption to his north. At Moisture Farm he lay the boy on the threshold one night, and Oinn Kleggsson came outside. He asked what boy this was.
“He is the son of your brother Anakinn,” said Viga-Obivan, “And he is named Lukr. He will need milk. And I suggest that you not tell him about his father, and it would probably be best if he thought his father dead.”
“And where are you going in the storm and the ash?” asked Oinn.
“I am going northward toward the volcano,” said Viga-Obian, “And I foresee that his father shall come meet me there.” And Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson disappeared into the shadows.
Chapter 15: Concerning the Battle at the Volcano
Now it must be told, when Anakinn the Sky-walker wanted to search for Pathema and Viga-Obivan, he left for Iceland, and nothing is told of his journey before he reached Iceland. When he came to the shore, he saw where a ship was weighing anchor, and he recognized this ship.
“There sails Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson,” he said, “On his ship, and doubtless he wants to lead me away from my pregnant wife.” And he sent men to the ship, and egged them on to an attack. “And I want,” said Anakinn, “For you to kill all the men, but let the women and children live. And I shall go on land and there look for my wife.”
Anakinn the Sky-walker did so, and saw a burial mound raised near the sand there. He became angry, and ridiculed very much this great thrall-work, saying that no man but one truly slave-born would choose to be buried in the sand. He trampled upon the mound and kicked it, and spat in the sand there.
“I don’t like sand,” he said. And he disappeared into the shadows.
Anakinn the Sky-walker went on to the Tattuin River Valley, and saw there that Moisture Farm was empty, and that the people had only recently fled, for there was a great lava flow burning nearby. He turned now out of the house, and saw there Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson.
“You liar!” said Anakinn the Sky-walker. “You betrayer and trickster! That was your ship that I saw, but you led my wife on to it, and awaited me here where I would seek for her. You turned her against me!”
“You yourself turned her against yourself,” said Viga-Obivan, “You have let King Falfathinn deceive you, till you have become the slave of the man whom you swore to kill.”
“Do not mock me; I have not forgotten my oaths,” said Anakinn, “But I have sworn new oaths, so that I can save my wife, and secure my new kingdom.”
“Your new kingdom?” asked Viga-Obivan.
“I will kill you, Viga-Obivan,” said Anakinn, “If you mock me further. But I do not want to forget our brotherhood, and I will let you live if you swear oaths of fealty to King Falfathinn.”
But Viga-Obivan said, “Anakinn, I have sworn oaths to my family–to the old way.”
“If you are not with me,” said Anakinn, “You are my enemy.”
“Only Seith-men make enemies out of their brothers,” said Viga-Obivan, “But I will defend myself, even against my brother.”
“You will try,” said Anakinn. He drew Lightsaber the Red, and Viga-Obivan drew Lightsaber the Green.
Long did they fight, and the lava burned around them all the while, and the ash fell upon them and choked them, and neither got an advantage on the other, and each fought with utmost ferocity. Their battle was both hard and long, but it ended when Viga-Obivan cut Anakinn on the right thigh, so that almost all the muscle was hewn out, and Anakinn fell nearly into the lava and was unable to fight further.
Anakinn the Sky-walker attempted to pull himself away from the lava, but his clothes began to burn, and soon he began to burn too. He said to Viga-Obivan, “I hate you!”
“You were my brother, Anakinn!” said Viga-Obivan Kvaeggansson. “I loved you!” But he turned away from Anakinn and walked off, and Anakinn the Sky-walker burned in silence.
Chapter 16: Concerning the Greatest Evil Deed of King Falfathinn
In the winter King Falfathinn learned that Anakinn the Sky-walker had died on Iceland, and he went there with his army and found Anakinn alive under a great heap of ash. Anakinn the Sky-walker had lost his feet and arms, and his face was burnt and bloody. He could not talk, for his tongue was burnt, and yet he had his teeth still and had used them to hunt mice and birds. With his Seith-magic he had survived, but he did not know the Seith-spell that would allow him to grow new limbs.
Still King Falfathinn praised Anakinn’s Seith-magic and his courage, for he had been bitten by sword and by fire and yet had lived many months. “Fittingly have I named you Anakinn the Seith-jarl,” said King Falfaðinn, “For you have lived by virtue of the Seith-magic that you learned from me, even though you have no limbs.” But many of the soldiers of Falfathinn mocked Anakinn, calling him Veithr-Anakinn (Hunt-Anakinn), because they thought it laughable that he had hunted mice with his teeth. But though Anakinn could not talk, he cast a Seith-spell and choked one of Falfaðinn’s soldiers from afar. The soldiers feared this man who could strangle a man whom he did not touch, but King Falfathinn praised him the more, and called him the greatest of Seith-men.
King Falfathinn had a stone of healing, and he brought forth the stone before Anakinn; then he healed Anakinn, and new limbs grew upon his body, shaped by the magic of Falfathinn from the cold black lava.
But his face was badly scarred and burnt, and his lungs and eyes had been destroyed by smoke. King Falfathinn did not know the Seith-spell that would grow a new tongue or lungs or eyes, and thus he crafted a great helm, which is called the Awe-helm, and that helm was like a raven-black skull, and with it there was a raven-black cape. And with that helm upon his head, Anakinn might breathe and speak and see, but his voice was strangely changed, no longer fair but dark and thunderous, and each breath that he took was as audible and resounding as a great breaker upon a longship.
Anakinn the Sky-walker lay still upon the earth with his new limbs. But when Anakinn could move, King Falfathinn gave him in earnest that name which the soldiers had given him in mockery, and he said: “Rise, Veithr.”
Veithr rose and took a breath, and when the soldiers heard his voice, it seemed to them as if the thunder rolled, and they all quailed.
“Jarl Veithr,” said King Falfaðinn, “Can you hear me?”
“Yes, master,” said Veithr, and then he asked: “Where is Pathema?”
“This should not be concealed from you, my friend,” said King Falfathinn, “You dealt her death blow to her when, in your anger, you strangled her upon her ship with Seith-magic; your good fortune has departed from you.”
But Veithr was silent.
As I’ve alluded to before, the manuscript upon which the sequentially later chapters of Tattúínárdǿla saga are preserved is actually older than the manuscript which preserves the first sixteen chapters by about two decades, while the action in these chapters picks up about two decades later than that of the earlier chapters. And while the manuscript with the earlier chapters appears to have been written by a single scribe who had an imperfect knowledge of the story underlying the saga, the later chapters can be confidently assigned, on paleographic evidence, to three separate scribes, each with a quite different, though detailed, command of the tradition behind the saga. It is not always, however, clear that these three scribes worked together closely, as for instance Scribe A (responsible for the first third of this manuscript) seems hardly to have been aware that Leia was Lúkr’s sister, and even shows ignorance – or at best imperfect foreshadowing – of Veidi-Anakinn’s identity as Lúkr’s father.
The manuscript as preserved does have chapter headings, and even the first leaf of the best manuscript is headed “XVII. Kapítuli” – “Chapter 17.” This suggests that these earlier scribes were aware that sixteen earlier chapters of the saga had once existed, but they were apparently unaware of the contents of those chapters, a hypothesis which is supported by the fact that numerous important characters and events in the earlier chapters are never mentioned again. Chapter 17, despite its explicit numbering as seventeenth, opens like the very first chapter of a new saga, and the following chapters essentially assume no prior knowledge of the earlier sixteen chapters, indeed relying on the reader’s ignorance of the content of those chapters in setting up Veidi-Anakinn as the archenemy of his own son, Lúkr.
With that being said, Chapter 17 is commonly held by critics to mark a watershed moment in the saga as a literary construction, and it is chiefly the contents of these later chapters that are quoted and alluded to in later Icelandic literature. Whoever the three scribes were who recorded it for us around the year 1200, they have left us with an imperfect, but enduring and timeless saga of mythic proportions.
Chapter 17: Concerning Hani the Duelist
It is the beginning of this saga, that King Jabbi the Stout ruled over Denmark, and King Falfadinn Lightning-Bolt over Norway, and there was great enmity between them.
Hani was the name of a man from a Norwegian family; he was the son of Jarl Sóló. He was a good man and a great viking; most called him Hólmgöngu-Hani (Hani the Duelist). It is fitting to say something about the appearance of Hani. He was a man of few words, rather reserved, but the handsomest of men, tall and rather sun-browned, with brownish hair.
Because Hani the Duelist did not like the reign of King Falfadinn, he went to Denmark and was with King Jabbi for a while; in the summer he went out on viking raids, and he often did great damage to the lands and ships of King Falfadinn; he raided widely here and there, wherever he came to land in Norway. And in the winter he gave to King Jabbi the wares that he got in Norway. King Jabbi liked this tribute very well, and he gave Hani a great axe, and this axe was jagged-pointed and gilded, with a shaft done in silver, and it was the greatest of treasures. Hani had another great treasure, and that was his ship, which he had gotten when he won a swimming race against Landó Kalrissiansson at Kessel Island. This ship was called the Thousand Year Falcon; it was the fastest of ships.
A Frisian man accompanied Hólmgöngu-Hani; he was named Tsiubakka. He was the hairiest of men and very big, he had blackish-brown hair and was rather chubby-faced and broad across the brows. Tsiubakka did not know how to speak Norse, but he understood what men said, and Hani spoke Frisian.
One time it so happened that Hani had raided in Norway, and when he was ready to put out to sea, some Norwegian chieftains rode up in that place. They asked who these men were and where they came from.
“I am named Hani Sólósson,” said Hani, “Some call me Hani the Duelist. And this follower of mine is a Frisian man named Tsiubakka. We have come here from Denmark and we are merchants.”
“If you really are merchants,” said a chieftain, “Then you will have wares on your ship which you will want to sell, and we will want to buy, and let us see your cargo.”
These men went up on the ship, and they found many treasures which Hani and Tsiubakka had stolen from them. They took these, and they wanted to kill Hólmgöngu-Hani.
“Do not kill him,” said the first chieftain, “For I knew him from the beginning, and I knew his father. He is no friend of King Falfadinn, and neither are we. But we shall take all these wares which he has stolen, and we shall not pay him.”
But since it was getting toward autumn, and Hani had no loot to give to King Jabbi, he hastened as swiftly as possible to Iceland and there thought to avoid the wrath of King Jabbi, till he could acquire some kind of tribute which he could deliver to the king.
A man was named Vattó, an old man and short, but a good farmer and a relative of Hani’s on his mother’s side. He lived on Iceland, at the farm called Mósæsli; Hólmgöngu-Hani stayed there that winter. There were also many other robbers and outlaws who were staying as guests at Mósæsli, for Vattó was himself an exile and had no love for kings. Some have even said that his farm was the most wretched hive of scum and villainy.
A man was named Grídó, a retainer of King Jabbi; he did not like Hani and he coveted his ship. And when he learned that Hani had had his plunder stolen from him and had gone to Iceland, he asked the king: “Do you like the plunder which Hólmgöngu-Hani brings you, king?”
“I like it well,” said King Jabbi.
“Then you would really like it,” said Grídó, “If you had all of that which you own, but as it stands you have far from it. It is the much greater part, which Hani keeps to himself. He sends you as a gift three bearskins, but I know for certain that he keeps thirty of them to himself, which you own, and I think that the same must be true of other things. But now I have learned that he has gone to Iceland with a great deal of property which he intends to sell there, and you own all of that. Truly, king, if you gave me his good ship, I would bring you more plunder.”
And everything that Grídó said about Hani, his companions bore witness to. It came to the point that King Jabbi was at his angriest.
“Bring me,” said King Jabbi, “the ship, and everything that is on it, and kill Hólmgöngu-Hani Sólósson and Tsiubakka the Frisian, if they refuse to come before me.”
Chapter 18: Concerning Leia and the Sons of Dítú
A woman was named Leia; she was the daughter of Beilorgana, king of the Aldiran Regions in Ireland. Relations were cool between Beilorgana and Falfadinn, for Falfadinn, King of Norway, claimed to be King of Ireland as well, and he raided widely in the Aldiran Regions.
There were many chieftains in many lands who greatly disliked King Falfadinn, but did not like Jabbi, King of the Danes, either. Many went to new lands, to the Faroes or to Iceland or to the Hebrides or to the Orkneys or to the Shetlands. But the army of Falfadinn was great, and he had many large warships, and he raided the lands of those who would not acknowledge his absolute authority. He had many good men killed, and others he enslaved. He was a very unpopular king. And because King Falfadinn wanted to intimidate all who stood against him, he ordered the greatest ship which men had ever seen upon the sea to be built, and that ship held such a store of men and weapons that they could pillage an entire large city. And a name was given to that ship, and it was called Daudastjarna (Death-Star).
A man was named Thrípíó Dítússon; he was an Irish man and a priest. And because Ireland was a Christian land, and Thrípíó knew many languages, he went to Norway, in Koruskantborg, and wished to teach men the true faith. There he met his brother, Artú Dítússon, who had been a slave to Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson of the Jedi Fjord family in Iceland. And because he had long been among heathen men, Artú himself had become heathen.
Artú Dítússon disliked his enslavement, but he liked King Falfadinn the less because he had ordered Kvæggan Dúkússon killed, and Kvæggan had promised that he would free Artú from his enslavement. But the son of Kvæggan, Víga-Óbívan, who survived, did not wish to free Artú, and Artú had become a free man only after Víga-Óbívan hastened back to Iceland one time and left Artú in Norway.
Artú Dítússon was a skilled carpenter and smith, and because of this talent the rumor of this skilled freedman soon reached King Falfadinn, who bade Artú counsel him in shipbuilding; the king did not know that Artú hated him intensely. And it was Artú’s advice that the king should have a great dragon-head built on the Death-Star, hollow inside, and that it should be filled with ale, and Artú said that this would be a sacrifice to Rán (Norse sea goddess). And King Falfadinn said that Artú was a wise man, for he wanted to protect the great ship from the wrath of this goddess.
And when he had given this advice, Artú went back to Ireland with his brother, and told all this to King Beilorgana.
King Beilorgana suspected that King Falfadinn would want to attack the Aldiran Regions with this ship, and King Beilorgana wanted to ask the Shetlanders to help him. But “Because King Falfadinn rules the sea with his great navy, I will send my daughter, and some monks with her, and King Falfadinn will not suspect that I am sending them in order to incite the Shetlanders against him.”
A man was named Veidi-Anakinn or Veidr. He was a retainer of Falfadinn and captain of his army; he was a very overbearing man, but comported himself well, and he was a great sorcerer. None saw his face, for he always had a great raven-black helmet upon his head, and with it a raven-black mask upon his face and a raven-black cape. Veidi-Anakinn was not a talkative man, but when he spoke, his voice was awesome and dim, and every one of his breaths was as audible and as resounding as the greatest storm. Most men called him Veidr, but all feared him, and he could cast a spell that made men fall to the earth in anguish, even though Veidr did not touch them.
Veidr learned that Artú Dítússon had advised the ship-building in Koruskantborg, and he thought that this was ill news, for he remembered that Artú had been the slave of the Jedi Fjord men, his enemies. And when he learned that Artú was on the ship of King Beilorgana and made for Shetland, he suspected that Artú must have given King Falfadinn some kind of bad advice. Veidr sailed his ship Stjörnufreki (Star-Destroyer) and sought this ship, and found it off of Iceland. His men went up on that ship, and there was a hard battle.
Princess Leia saw that the Irish were losing the battle, and she bade Artú and Thrípíó swim to the shore and there seek Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson, if he still lived. She gave Artú a message that he should give to Víga-Óbívan; it was written in runes.
There were small boats on that ship, which hung from the stern; Princess Leia cut one of these loose, and the sons of Dítú swam under it.
One of Veidr’s warriors saw this boat, and said, “There sails another boat.”
“Don’t shoot it,” said another soldier, “There are no living things aboard. It must have been a stray axe blow that cut it loose.”
Chapter 19: Concerning the Sons of Dítú and Lúkr Anakinsson
Thrípíó and Artú Dítússon came ashore on Iceland near the Tattúín River Valley; there was a great deal of lava, for a volcano had erupted twenty years before, and there was much sand also, for the high tide was extreme in the Tattúín Fjord.
Thrípíó became angry. “What kind of deserted place is this?” he asked, “And probably no Christian men either, I guess.”
“There are Christian men on Iceland,” said Artú, “But they are mostly slaves. Follow me and let us find Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson as soon as possible; his farm was nearby here. Still it is most likely that he is dead.”
“I don’t want to follow you,” said Thrípíó.
Artú asked where he would rather go.
“Where you aren’t going,” said Thrípíó, “For it is your fault that I am on this dangerous journey, and I would rather find some merchants who are going to Ireland or Norway. The devil take you and your heathen friend Víga-Óbívan.”
“I don’t believe that you have spoken in a Christian fashion,” said Artú, “But it is your decision. Still I shall seek Víga-Óbívan, though relations are cool between us. But I think that it’s most likely that the devil will take you, if you go the other way all on your own; there are many Icelanders who would want to enslave or kill an Irish man and Christian.”
“But it will still be your fault,” said Thrípíó, “If I am slain.”
“He is not to blame, who warns another,” said Artú.
Thrípíó walked a long time and saw neither man nor cattle. Finally he saw some men riding; he greeted them, but they did not greet him. They bound him and led him to their tents; there Thrípíó saw Artú Dítússon, his brother, and the brothers were glad to meet. Many thralls, men and women, were in these tents – they had captured by the sons of Javi, malicious robbers; the oldest of them was named Útíni.
A man was named Óinn; he was the son of Kléggr. Óinn was tall, with wolf-gray hair and thick, but he had begun to bald early. With him was his brother’s young son, who was named Lúkr Anakinsson; Óinn said that his brother Anakinn was dead. Lúkr was a big man, with light-brown hair and a broad reddish face, the noblest of men. Lúkr wanted to go on viking expeditions and raids, but Óinn forbade him that. Óinn and Lúkr were looking at the thralls.
Óinn saw the brown clothes of Thrípíó and said, “You must be a priest.”
“You are correct, good sir,” said Thrípíó, “And I speak many languages. I can speak Irish, Norse, English, Latin, French, German, Welsh -”
“Shut up,” said Óinn, “What I need is a thrall who speaks Scottish.”
“Scottish?” asked Thrípíó, “Good sir, I am an Irishman, and the Irish tongue is much like the Scottish. Scottish is like my mother-tongue, even though all languages are like my mother-tongue, because I rejoice in languages -”
“Shut up,” said Óinn. He told the robbers that he wanted to buy this man – “And do you have any good and skillful workmen?”
Útíni Javason said that the red-haired man was a very skillful workman; Óinn bought this man also.
Óinn said to Lúkr, “Take these men home and prepare them for work as soon as possible.”
Lúkr said then, “But I wanted to go to Taki Farm, where there are going to be horse-fights tonight.”
“You can play at the horse fights with the other boys some other day,” said Óinn, “Take these men home to Vatnabǿr (Water-Farm).”
But the red-haired man walked slowly, and finally fell to the ground. Lúkr saw that he was covered with sores. “Uncle Óinn,” he said, “This red-haired man is sick.”
Óinn was extremely angry; he drew his sword and wanted to cut at Útíni Javason. But Thrípíó said to Lúkr, “Good sir, the short man there is very skillful with wood and iron; we have been enslaved together before. And he would be cheaper than before, if Útíni Javason fears the wrath of your uncle.” This short man was Artú Dítússon, his brother.
“Uncle Óinn,” said Lúkr, “Buy this short man.” Óinn did so, and the sons of Dítú followed Lúkr Anakinsson home.
“Don’t forget this,” said Thrípíó to his brother, “And why did I save you? You’re as heathen as they are.”
Chapter 20: Concerning the Message of Princess Leia
At Water-Farm Thrípío took a bath, and was very glad for it; he praised God and the holy Bishop Patrick.
But Lúkr Anakinsson complained about his Uncle Óinn. “He is unfair,” said Lúkr, “My friend Biggs spoke truly: I will never get out of Iceland.”
Thrípíó heard his words and asked, “Can I help you, good sir?”
“Definitely,” said Lúkr, “If your Christ has given you the power to speed up time or to grant me wings so that I can fly off of this rock.”
“No, good sir,” said Thrípíó, “I am a priest and no wizard. And I must admit that I don’t know where I am in Iceland.”
Lúkr said, “If there is a valley in Iceland where one might see a fair hillside, shining fields, and a freshly-mown yard – you’re in the valley that it’s furthest from.”
“I see, good sir,” said Thrípíó.
But Lúkr said, “I am named Lúkr Anakinsson.”
“I am named Thrípíó Dítússon, and this man is my brother Artú,” said Thrípíó.
“Your clothes are very bloody,” observed Lúkr, “Were you in a fight?”
Thrípíó said, “We were on a ship when a battle broke out. But we ourselves are no warriors.”
But Lúkr took Artú’s bloody cape and there found the message written by Princess Leia. He began to read it. “I am no runemaster,” he said, “But these words say, ‘Help me, Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson; you alone would dare to avenge me.’ I don’t know how to read any more words, because they are written poorly and hastily. What is this?”
Artú pretended not to speak Norse, and asked in Irish, “What is what?”
“What is what?” responded Thrípíó, “That was a question. What was written on that message which Princess Leia gave you?”
“That’s nothing,” said Artú, “An old message. I think that Princess Leia is long dead.” Thrípíó translated his words into Norse.
“Who is Princess Leia?” asked Lúkr, “What family is she from?”
Thrípíó began to answer, but Artú told him to be silent, saying, “This should not be hidden from you. I am not your slave, but rather I am a freedman of Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson, and that man lived here in the Tattúín River Valley for a long time. This message is intended for him, and for no others. Do you know where he lives, or whether he lives?”
“I don’t know a Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson,” said Lúkr, “But a man is named Óbívan the Old, who lives in the interior of Tattúín River Valley. Is he the same man?”
Artú said, “I don’t know. But that is most likely. Will you show me the way to this man’s house?”
“Certainly,” said Lúkr, “If you give an account of everything that is written in that message.”
“I cannot read runes,” said Artú.
“But I can read them,” said Thrípíó.
“Shut up, Thrípíó,” said Artú, “Or are you a coward? This man is not the one that Princess Leia wanted to ask for help from, and he is only a boy, and with little courage.”
Lúkr heard that his Aunt Bera called to him and said that it was a mealtime.
“Good sir,” said Thrípíó, “If you wish it, I will read this message while you eat, and afterward will tell you everything that is written in it.”
Lúkr said that this was most likely, because he was getting angry, and would attack Artú if he held on to the message longer. Then he went to his meal.
“I have saved you a second time,” said Thrípíó, “And I don’t know why. If you don’t give me that message and let me read it to him, he’ll kill you. How can we escape?”
“Truly you are a coward,” said Artú, “If I want to escape, I walk away.”
Lúkr went to the meal table, and said that he thought that the short slave had been stolen.
“Why do you think so?” asked Óinn.
“Because I found a message on him,” said Lúkr, “Written in runes, for a man named Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson. And I thought it most likely that this man was the same as Óbívan the Old.”
“I don’t think so,” said Óinn, “I think that Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson is dead; he died the same time as your father.”
“Did he know my father?” asked Lúkr.
“What would that matter to you?” asked Óinn, “He is dead. In the morning, take these new thralls to the south ridge; I want them to work there.”
“And if they work well,” said Lúkr, “I want to request again, Uncle, that in the summer you buy me a ship and weapons, and let me go on viking raids.”
“The summer is when I need you the most,” said Óinn, “And you shall not leave.”
Lúkr was extremely angry, as red as blood; he left the house and went into the mountains.
“Óinn,” said Bera, the wife of Óinn, “Why do you deny him again? Most of his friends go on raids and kill many men, and come back to Iceland with treasure and thralls. He doesn’t want to stay here and sow grain; he is no farmer. He is bold and ambitious like his father.”
“That’s what I’m afraid of,” said Óinn Kléggsson.
Chapter 21: Concerning Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson
Lúkr stood on a mountaintop and looked at where the sun was setting, and the glacier before him was like a mirror, and therein it seemed as though a second sun were setting. For this reason the mountain was called Tvísólatindr (Two Sun Mountain), and Lúkr would often stand there alone and recall the sagas about vikings and kings.
But then Thrípíó came and said that his brother Artú had run away.
“Did you try,” asked Lúkr, “To hinder him?”
“Yes, good sir,” said Thrípíó, “But he is much stronger than I am, and he talks still about Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson.”
“Say nothing to Uncle Óinn,” said Lúkr, “For he will be furious. But in the morning we must seek Artú, and if he is lying about having been the slave of Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson, I shall kill him right away. But I don’t wish to look for him tonight, because robbers, the sons of Tuskinn, live among the lava and the sand dunes, and Uncle Óinn will not allow me to bear weapons.”
Lúkr had a good horse, chestnut in color; this horse was named Landhraðfǿrr (Land-Speedy). In the morning he and Thrípíó rode this good horse and they sought for Artú.
There is a great canyon in Tattúín River Valley, which is called Stafkarlsgjá (Beggar’s Canyon); there dwelt Óbívan the Old, and there they looked for Artú. They found him soon, but Artú did not wish to come with them.
“You are the thrall of Lúkr Anakinsson now,” said Thrípíó, “And why do you want to run away? He could bring you to this Óbívan if you would show him the message.”
But Artú said, “You are certainly a coward, my brother. This boy is no warrior. Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson must be found as soon as possible, or Veidr will kill Princess Leia, and sail the Death Star even to the Aldiran Regions. Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson is a good fighter and he hates King Falfadinn; he would be eager to help us. But your Lúkr would rather heed his uncle than go on a raid; he is a coward like you.”
“You slander me,” said Thrípíó, “And yet I have saved you twice.”
Artú said, “Do you hear something? I thought that I heard the sound of horsemen.”
Thrípíó said this to Lúkr.
“The sons of Tuskinn,” said Lúkr, “And I am unarmed. Let us leave this instant.”
But a man came riding at Lúkr. He was masked, and his horse was shaggy, big, and filthy. This man had a staff in his left hand, and a sword in his right. The sword hit Thrípíó’s hand and cut it off. But the staff hit Lúkr in the head; he fell to the ground unable to fight. But Artú was a small man and found a hiding place in a cave.
Other robbers followed now; they ransacked the possessions of Lúkr and Thrípíó. But when they had drawn their swords and were about to deal them their death blows, an old, white-bearded man came walking over a ridge; he made a great deal of noise. The robbers laughed at this old man, but then he drew his sword; he ran forward thereupon and swiftly killed a man. He cut with his right hand at the leg of another man, above the knee, and then he leapt at this man and stabbed him through. All the others fled.
This white-bearded man knelt next to Lúkr, and said that he was neither dead nor much injured.
Lúkr awoke. “Óbívan?” he asked, “Óbívan the Old? I rejoice that I see you.”
“The Gungan Lava Field is not easily traveled,” said Óbívan, “Tell me, young Lúkr, why have you come so deep into the Tattúín River Valley?”
Lúkr said, “Because of this thrall. He is searching for his master, who freed him. Never have I seen such a loyal thrall. He says that his master was named Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson. Is he a kinsman of yours? Do you know the man?”
But Óbívan said, “Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson. Víga-Óbívan. I have not heard that name in a long time.”
“I think that Uncle Óinn knows the man,” said Lúkr, “He told me that he was dead.”
“He is not dead,” said Óbívan, “But certainly all men must die.”
“You know him?” asked Lúkr.
“Certainly,” said Óbívan, “I am Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson. I have not used that name since your birth.”
Lúkr said, “Then Artú Dítússon must surely be your thrall.”
“Yes,” said Óbívan, “But I don’t seem to remember ever freeing a thrall. Now, we must get inside as soon as possible; I can easily startle the sons of Tuskinn, but they will soon be back, and in greater numbers.”
Chapter 22: Concerning Lightsaber the Green and the Lies of Víga-Óbívan
Lúkr Anakinsson and Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson sat at Víga-Óbívan’s house.
“You have told me,” said Lúkr, “That my father was a viking and a warrior. This is not true – my father was a steersman on a merchant ship, and he died in a shipwreck.”
“This is what your uncle told you,” said Víga-Óbívan, “For he is a cowardly man, and mocks those who dare greater deeds than he does.”
Lúkr asked, “Did you fight in the wars against King Falfadinn?”
“Yes,” said Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson, “I am a man of the Jedi Fjords in Norway, and your father was my comrade. We fought many battles against King Falfadinn, but at last he triumphed with his greater army.”
“I wish that I had known my father,” said Lúkr.
“One thing that your uncle told you was true – your father was a good steersman. But he was a great viking also. I have heard it said, that you yourself have become quite a steersman. And I have something here which your father asked me to give to you, but your uncle has prevented me. He fears always that you shall become a greater man than he is.” Víga-Óbívan drew forth a great sword, and it seemed to Lúkr as though green flames leapt from the edges. “This good sword is called Lightsaber the Green. It was your father’s sword – a weapon that my grandfather forged long ago beneath the mountains which rise above the Jedi Fjords. The man who wields a sword stands never so far from his foe as he who draws a bow or casts a spear. This is a manlier weapon, from a more warlike age.”
“How did it come to pass that my father died?” Lúkr asked.
Víga-Óbívan said: “A young man of the Jedi Fjords named Veidi-Anakinn, or Veidr, was like a brother to me, but he betrayed us. He killed your father in a cowardly way – it was a night-killing.”
“I would like to kill him,” said Lúkr, “But how could I leave Iceland?”
“We shall see,” said Víga-Óbívan, “But first let me read this message from Princess Leia.” Artú gave the message to Víga-Óbívan, and Víga-Óbívan read it aloud. “Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson, many years ago you fought against King Falfadinn with my father-”
“This is a lie,” said Víga-Óbívan, “Her father was an Irishman and a coward,” but he continued: “Now my father requests that you help him. Artú Dítússon knows something which could do great injury to Falfadinn’s kingdom. You must bring him back to the Aldiran Regions, where you and my father will surely find some counsel against our present difficulty. I am a prisoner of Veidr’s; it is probable that he will have had me killed before you can read this message. Help me, Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson; you alone would dare to avenge me.”
“You must come with me to the Aldiran Regions, young Lúkr,” said Víga-Óbívan, “For I have become too old, and cannot fight well any longer.”
But Lúkr responded, “To the Aldiran regions? No, good sir! I must get home. My uncle will be angry!”
“That is your uncle talking, even though it is your lips that move,” said Víga-Óbívan, “But you will do what you feel is manliest, of course.”
Chapter 23: Concerning the Burning of Óinn
Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson used his healing stone on Thrípíó, and healed the arm which had been cut off in battle.
“I have healed your thrall,” Víga-Óbívan said to Lúkr, “If you will not come with me to the Aldiran regions, do I not yet deserve some recompense for having helped you in this way?”
“Certainly you are owed recompense,” said Lúkr, “Name your price.”
Víga-Óbívan said, “Take me to Mósæsli, and there I intend to find someone who can bring me to the Aldiran regions. Many men are there who hate King Falfadinn. But I don’t want to go so far alone, and I have no horse such as yours.”
But when they had traveled some way into the Gungan Lava Fields, they saw many burnt tents and horses, and the corpses of men as well.
“These are the men who took my brother and me as thralls,” said Thrípíó.
“He is right,” said Lúkr, “These are the sons of Javi and their men, who sold these thralls to Uncle Óinn. But who would shoot them all, and burn their homes? The sons of Tuskinn? These tracks here are like those which their horses make – the sons of Tuskinn ride extremely big horses. And yet the sons of Tuskinn and of Javi had made peace; Útíni Javason was married to Tuskinn’s daughter.”
Víga-Óbívan said, “These are not the doings of the sons of Tuskinn, but those who did these things wished us to believe so. These horse tracks run side-by-side, but the sons of Tuskinn always ride single-file so that their enemies will not guess their numbers. And these arrows – there is no bowman on Iceland so skillful, but the king’s men are famous for their archers. If a man wants to be the king’s bowman, he must first be able to shoot a blunt arrow through a raw ox hide hanging from a rafter.”
“Why would the king’s men come all the way from Norway to Iceland to shoot robbers and burn their tents?” asked Lúkr, but he saw then Thrípíó and Artú. “They would have come to find the Irishmen, and if they learned that the sons of Javi captured them, they would have learned that they had sold them, and that they now lived at… home!”
“Don’t go, Lúkr!” Víga-Óbívan called out, “It is most likely that the king’s men are already gone. You won’t find anyone there to avenge your relatives on!” But Lúkr rode home.
Lúkr came back as evening fell, and found the bonfire which Víga-Óbívan had made and cremated the corpses of the Javi sons on.
“Uncle Óinn and Aunt Bera are burnt,” said Lúkr, “As are the houses, the livestock, and all the thralls.”
“You could not have helped them, even if you had been there, Lúkr,” said Víga-Óbívan, “For your uncle was a coward, and did not allow you to be trained to use weapons.”
“Coward or not,” said Lúkr, “It falls to me to avenge him.”
But Víga-Óbívan replied, “Then come with me to the Aldiran regions. There is nothing left for you here. Yes, come with me now, join in battle, become a warrior like your father was. After many battles you will be ready, and will be able to avenge your uncle – yes, and your father.”
Chapter 24: Concerning Víga-Óbívan and Lúkr at Mósæsli
On the evening of the second day thereafter, Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson and Lúkr Anakinsson arrived at Mósæsli, the farm of Vattó. There were gathered also a great number of King Falfadinn’s enemies, but many robbers and outlaws and other disagreeable men stayed as Vattó’s guests too.
But there had also come some men in the service of Veidr, and they were clad in white armor. Men avoided them, but these Norwegian soldiers stood not far from Vattó’s house, and they asked tidings of all who came that way, saying that they were looking for two Irishmen.
Now these soldiers approached Lúkr Anakinsson. One of them asked Lúkr whether he had owned these thralls for very long. Lúkr said that he had owned them three or four years, and that he was willing to sell them.
The soldier asked then for Lúkr’s name. But the enchantment of the Jedi Fjord men followed Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson. He cast a spell upon the soldiers, and he made them believe that all words which he spoke were true.
“You don’t need to hear his name,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“We don’t need to learn his name,” said the soldier.
“These are not the thralls you’re looking for,” continued Víga-Óbívan.
“These are not the thralls we’re looking for,” said the soldier.
“He can go freely about his business,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“He can go freely about his business,” said the soldier.
“Move along on your way,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“Move along, move along,” said the soldier.
Lúkr said, “I don’t understand how we escaped.”
“An enchantment follows my family; we can easily cow those who are unwise, and make them believe that all of our words are true, if they do not sound too unlikely,” said Víga-Óbívan, “And I believe that this same enchantment runs in your family.”
“Do you think that we can find a ship here which can take us to the Aldiran regions?” asked Lúkr.
“Yes,” said Víga-Óbívan, “There are many good sea captains here, with many good ships. But watch yourself – there are also many desperate Vikings, and they will think nothing of murdering some farmer’s son.”
“I’m ready,” said Lúkr, “To fight any one of them.”
“That I doubt,” said Víga-Óbívan.
Now Víga-Óbívan and Lúkr entered the house, and with them were Artú and Thrípíó, the sons of Dítú. But the woman who was serving mead saw these Irishmen, and said that she would never serve mead to slaves, and never bid an Irishman welcome in the house of Vattó.
“Alright, Thrípíó,” said Lúkr, “You and Artú aren’t welcome here. Wait outside with my horse.”
“Very well, Sir,” said Thrípíó, and the two brothers went outside.
There were many men therein, and the diversity of their clothes and tongues betrayed that they had come from many lands. They sat at many small tables, and they drank and talked together, and some played table games, while four men played horns and made music.
Víga-Óbívan began to talk to some men, but Lúkr sat at a table and drank mead on his own. Then a man shook him, speaking a language he did not understand. Lúkr acted as if he could not hear the man.
Then a second man shook him and said in Norse, “He doesn’t like you.”
“That is hardly remarkable news, that one man should not like another,” said Lúkr, “But why do you feel compelled to tell me this?”
“I myself don’t like you either,” said the second man, “And I am an outlaw, with my neck ordered cut the moment I set foot on the shore of any of twelve kingdoms.”
“I’ll be careful,” said Lúkr.
“You’ll be dead,” said the man.
“It’s the same to you,” said Víga-Óbívan coming closer, “Whether or not you kill this boy; we all know that you’re a good Viking, Efazan, and this boy is no fighter. Don’t waste your axe on such a little tree; drink some mead, and I’ll fill you another hornful of it.”
But Efazan became very angry at these words; he picked up an axe that lay near him, and he cut at Víga-Óbívan. But Víga-Óbívan had a sword balanced over his shoulder, and he cut swiftly in return, hitting the hand of the first man and breaking his arm. Then he brought the sword back up and hit Efazan in the head; that was his deathblow.
“Now come, Lúkr, I have found a ship that should serve us well,” said Víga-Óbívan.
Chapter 25: Lúkr meets Dueling Hani
Lúkr met the man, and he was imposing – tall and rather sunburnt, with brown hair. “I am named Hani, son of Jarl Sóló,” said the man, “Some men call me Dueling Hani. My ship is the Thousand-Year Falcon. Tsiubakka my comrade tells me that you seek to sail to the Aldiran Regions, and I can take you there, if it’s worth enough money to you.”
“Certainly it is,” said Víga-Óbívan, “If it’s a fast ship.”
“Fast ship?” said Dueling Hani, “Have you never heard of the Thousand-Year Falcon?”
“I am certain that I have not,” said Víga-Óbívan, “But is that surprising?”
“It is the ship that won the victory in the great rowing race at Kesseley, when Tsiubakka and I rowed the course in twelve hours,” said Dueling Hani, “The ship is faster than any ship of Falfadinn, even those well-renowned Korellian ships. It is fast enough for your purpose, old man. What is the cargo?”
“Men only,” said Víga-Óbívan, “And we are four: I, the boy, two Irishmen, and no questions asked.”
“What is this? Some kind of local trouble?” asked Hani.
“I would rather not meet Falfadinn’s soldiers, if it’s necessary to put it that way,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“I understand,” said Dueling Hani, “But that is difficult to do – and expensive. And I will take both of the Irishmen, if I bring you both to the Aldiran Regions without the knowledge of Falfadinn.”
“Both of the Irishmen?” said Lúkr, “They are worth a ship on their own. Óbívan, why shouldn’t we buy a ship? Why do we site here letting this viking swindle us?”
“You could buy a ship, boy,” said Hani laughing aloud, “But who would steer it? You?”
“Certainly I would. I am not a bad steersman,” said Lúkr and stood up.
“Sit, Lúkr,” said Víga-Óbívan, “We can give you one of the thralls here, and the other in the Aldiran Regions once we get there. And I have a chest of gold there, which I shall give you in addition.”
“A chest of gold?” said Dueling Hani, “Well, I like the terms of this agreement. But if you lie, I will kill both you and the boy.”
“Naturally,” said Víga-Óbívan.
“Tsiubakka and I will go to prepare the ship,” said Dueling Hani, “But hide yourselves till the night-meal hour. I think that Falfadinn’s men prowl even here, and your recent manslaughter was rather careless with such men about.”
Chapter 26: Concerning Grídó the Green, and His Duel against Hani
Grídó the Green was the name of a man, big and strong, a close relative of Jabbi, the King of the Danes. He was quite savage and arrogant, a liar and a bully about everything. He had a bad temper with everyone, but worst with those who were the enemies of his cousin Jabbi. He beat men, if Jabbi did not get what he wanted from them, and stole from them what he might before he turned them over to the king. He was always visiting many different places in many lands, and was loved by no one.
As was told before, Grídó had falsely accused Hani the Duelist of stealing loot from King Jabbi, and the king had bidden Grídó to kill Hani and his comrade Tsiubakka the Frisian, and come back to Denmark with all the loot which Jabbi, King of the Danes, regarded as rightfully his own.
But when Grídó saw Hani the Duelist at Mósæsli, he was reminded of these things, and he wished to kill Hani immediately. He approached him with axe drawn and said, “Where are you going, Hani son of Sóló?”
“Hello, Grídó,” said Hani, “I am planning on visiting your king soon. Tell him that I have his loot.”
“It is too late for that,” said Grídó the Green, laughing aloud, “Why did you not pay him before, when you were nearer Denmark? It is a great reward indeed which he who kills Hani the Duelist and Tsiubakka the Frisian will receive. And that reward is greater than any of your loot is worth, or so I reckon. I’m lucky that I found you first.”
“Certainly you are lucky,” said Hani, “But I have his loot. Let me give it to him myself, and then you can take the reward on my head, if he still wants me dead.”
“If you give me this loot which you say you have, I can forget that I saw you,” said Grídó, “But otherwise you’re dead.”
“I don’t have the loot with me here,” said Hani, “Tell Jabbi…”
“Shut up, Hani,” said Grídó, and laughed, “You are the most cowardly man, always unwilling to put up a fight.”
“Those are dueling words, and I will challenge you to a duel on those grounds,” said Hani.
“What kind of duel would this be?” asked Grídó, “This is no place for a duel.”
“Let us throw axes,” said Hani the Duelist, “My father was a great viking, and I think this to be the manliest of sports.”
“Certainly it is,” said Grídó, “And we shall throw our axes at the same time.” He heaved up his axe, and Hani heaved up his own.
But Hani threw his axe first, and the axe dug all the way into the brain of Grídó, who fell down dead straightaway.
And then Hani the Duelist spoke this stanza:
I know what is proper:
I pray, with happy heart,
To all the mighty spirits of battle,
The ones who crafted the stars in the heavens,
And all the gods of war,
That a bloody eagle
Will perch with blood-stained beak
Above the rotting remains of Grídó’s scalp.
I killed him.
Then Hani the Duelist, son of Jarl Sóló, left the house, and with him was Tsiubakka the Frisian.
Note: I am aware of a separate manuscript tradition wherein Hani throws his axe only after Gríðó throws his, but this appears to be a clumsy later emendation made by medieval editors who wished to present Hólmgǫngu-Hani in a more chivalric light. That same manuscript tradition has a scene where King Jabbi confronts Hani in Mósæsli. Modern scholars disagree about whether this was a part of the written saga as originally composed, but I have chosen to excise it from this presentation since I regard it as probably excrescent; it is rather difficult to understand what the narrative justification is supposed to be for the King of Denmark himself to travel all the way to Iceland to confront (very briefly) someone who owes him some back taxes. Especially so soon after one of his own agents has already done so.
Chapter 27: Concerning the Godlessness of Hani the Duelist
The next day Lúkr saw the ship which was called the Thousand Year Falcon, and it did not impress him. “This does not look like a good ship,” he said.
“What do I care what it looks like?” said Hani the Duelist. “It’s a fast ship, and I have worked a long time to make it faster. Now, come hastily, we need to leave immediately.”
But while Hani was saying this, and Tsiubakka was weighing anchor, Falfadinn’s men came and shot arrows at them. Hani went aboard the ship and shot back, and killed many men.
Tsiubakka steered the ship out of the harbor at Tattúín River, and all men there marveled at how swiftly that ship moved. Soon they escaped the soldiers, but then they saw that some Norwegian ships were in the harbor, and they came nearer, shooting arrows all the while.
“Why don’t we get away from them?” asked Lúkr, “You said that this was a fast ship!”
“Fast, yes!” said Hani the Duelist, “So fast, that if I miscalculate, we’ll soon be right under those Norwegian ships! And that wouldn’t be useful. Let me and Tsiubakka calculate our route, and sit down! Soon we’ll be moving faster than you can believe.”
And so it was; the ship moved so swiftly that none of Falfadinn’s ships could follow.
Later Hani, seeing that the others were still grim, turned to Víga-Óbívan and the rest and said, “You can forget about King Falfadinn’s men and his ships. None of them can follow us, as swiftly as we’re moving now.”
But all were silent.
“It is not necessary,” said Hani the Duelist, “That you should all thank me at once.”
They were silent still, and Víga-Óbívan acted as though he had a headache.
“What troubles you, Víga-Óbívan?” Lúkr asked.
“It was as though I heard thousands of voices cry out full of terror,” said Víga-Óbívan, “But they were silenced immediately. I fear that men have died unavenged today.”
“You will claim that you have the second sight,” said Hani the Duelist, “But men die unavenged every day.”
Artú Dítusson and Tsiubakka the Frisian were playing a table-game in a corner, and Artú kept winning. Tsiubakka was surpassingly angry, for he was accustomed to winning when he played this game. But Artú mocked him in Frisian, for he knew this language.
“You are not a wise man,” said Hani the Duelist to Artú, and Thrípíó translated his words into Irish, “I advise you to let the Frisian win.”
“But why, good sir?” asked Thrípíó, “Why don’t you advise the Frisian to let the Irishman win?”
“Because Irishmen aren’t accustomed to tear men apart when they lose table games,” said Hani the Duelist.
But while Artú and Tsiubakka played the game, Víga-Óbívan was teaching Lúkr to fight with the sword Lightsaber the Green. Víga-Óbívan had set a helmet on Lúkr’s head and turned it backwards so that Lúkr could not see.
“But with the helmet sitting over my eyes, I’m blind. How do you expect me to fight?” asked Lúkr. And he cut with the sword, but stumbled, and Hani laughed.
“Your eyes are unexperienced,” said Víga-Óbívan, “And full of fear. Don’t trust them! But the luck of the Jedi Fjord men follows you, as it followed your father; the Norns will guide your sword if you trust in them, and your sword will cut where it is destined to cut.”
“You are a man of great faith, Víga-Óbívan,” said Hani the Duelist, “But faith is useless. I’ve sailed from Norway to Iceland, and from Denmark to England, and I have never seen a god – neither a Christian nor a heathen one. Have you ever seen a god, or even this luck which you think follows your family?”
Víga-Óbívan had a healing stone which he kept on his neck; this stone had belonged to Meis Vindússon before he was killed by Veidr. “This healing stone,” said Víga-Óbívan to Hani, and handed it to him, “Is powerfully lucky.”
But Hani the Duelist laughed, and he spoke this poem:
I have lived a long time,
I have let the gods do as they will,
I have never worn
Lucky socks,
Never carried a bag of herbs
Around my neck, –
But I am living still.
“Do you believe in anything?” Lúkr asked Hani.
“Certainly,” Hani replied, “I believe in myself. And in my axe.” And so saying, he swung his axe upon Víga-Óbívan’s stone of healing, and the stone burst asunder. “Gods and luck are useless if you have a good axe at your side, boy.”
Chapter 28: Concerning the Burning of Aldiranborg
The saga turns now to Veidr, as he sailed to Ireland on the ship which was called Daudastjarna, and the captain of that ship was a man from Oslo, Tarkinn by name, Jarl of Stórmof; he was rather aged. They had more than a hundred ships in their following when they sailed into the harbor of Aldiranborg, and the entire harbor was full of Norwegian warships as far as men could stretch their eyes.
Then Tarkinn summoned Leia and meant to declare his intent to her. But when she came near, she said, “Tarkinn Jarl of Stórmof. There was really no doubt that it would be you who held Veidr’s reins.”
“Princess Leia,” said Tarkinn, “You are charming as always, but doomed to death on account of your treason against Falfadinn, King of Norway and Ireland and all islands in the Northern Ocean. But before we kill you, I want to show you how powerful is King Falfadinn and this ship of his. Soon no islands will dare continue to stand against the King of Norway.”
“The tighter you squeeze your hand,” said Leia, “The more islands will slip from your grip.”
“We’ll see about that,” said Tarkinn, “After the full power of this ship and its army is demonstrated. King Falfadinn has sent out the war-arrow all across his kingdom, and there is a great army assembled on our many ships. This ship alone contains enough men to destroy an entire city… Aldiranborg, to name an example.”
“No!” said Leia. “Aldiranborg is a peaceful and unarmed city. How do you expect to be honored if you destroy a city that has no weapons?”
“No weapons… but plenty of treasure?” said Tarkinn as he lifted an eyebrow, “Yes, I think that the men will delight in the first trial of the Daudastjarna being so easily taken, and so richly rewarding. But if you name a city that has warriors who could really and honorably challenge Falfadinn’s men, we will sail there instead of Aldiranborg.”
But Leia was silent.
“I grow weary of asking this same question, and therefore this will be the last time,” Tarkinn Jarl of Stórmof said, “Where is the island on which those who stand against Falfadinn assemble?”
“On Dantúíney,” said Leia, “They are on Dantúíney in the Shetlands.”
“That was easy, Veidr,” said Tarkinn, “She talked even without torture. Send the men ashore.”
“What?” said Princess Leia.
“You are far too trusting, Princess Leia,” said Tarkinn, “Which is the custom of people from Aldiranborg. Dantúíney is too little-known and too far from the cities that we want to intimidate. But we will lead our vikings there soon.”
Their meeting concluded then, and after a short while such a huge army went ashore that no man could remember having ever seen the like, and there was such a great din of weapons clashing and of horses neighing and of shrill war-horns blowing that the earth itself shook, and the cliffs resounded with horrible echoes. The army proceeded into Aldiranborg, destroying and burning and doing all manner of ills, and killing men and women, cows and sheep, and they burned it to the ground so thoroughly that not a cot remained standing.
Chapter 29: Concerning the Arrival of the Falcon at the Death-Star
Two days later Víga-Óbívan and the rest saw black smoke, and they could smell it too. The smoke was so great and so dark that they could not see the land from which the smoke was coming.
“Where are we?” asked Lúkr, “And where is that smoke coming from?”
“I don’t know,” said Hani, “But I calculate that the nearest land is the realm of the King of Aldiran.”
They saw a fishing boat, and on the boat were two large and strong men. Thrípíó asked them in Irish for news, but the men did not understand him. Then he asked them, in Norse, where they were from.
“From Norway,” said one, and grinned. But then these men were silent, and the Falcon sailed on.
“That was nothing more than a little fishing boat,” said Víga-Óbívan, “They could not have sailed all the way from Norway on their own.”
“But why would there be a little Norwegian fishing boat so close to Ireland?” asked Hani. He watched the boat and then said, “They are sailing now toward that small island.”
“That’s no island,” said Víga-Óbívan, “That’s a warship.”
“That is too big to be a warship,” said Hani.
“I have a bad feeling about this,” said Lúkr.
“Yes, something is amiss,” said Hani, “Tsiubakka, let’s turn around.”
But they could not turn the ship around, for Veidr was on the Daudastjarna, and he was still a man powerful with sorcery. He had spoken a spell upon the sea, and so enchanted it that the waves brought to him all ships which he did not recognize.
And when they understood that they could not escape, they hid themselves. There were ten big sacks in the cargo hold; they took some of them out and hid in their places among the cargo. Norwegian soldiers rowed out from the Daudastjarna to the Falcon and searched it, but found no one.
But Hani called out to two soldiers who stood near, and when they came, he killed them with his axe, and no others saw that this was done. Then he and Lúkr clad themselves in the soldiers’ white chain mail, and there were also white helmets with white masks which hid the face. And so clad, they went back to the Daudastjarna with the soldiers.
But before they left, Víga-Óbívan whispered into Lúkr’s ear: “Who is the greater fool? The fool, or the fool who follows the first one?”
Chapter 30: Concerning the Departure of Víga-Óbívan upon the Death Star
Now it must be told how Hani and Lúkr came upon the Daudastjarna, and men thought that they were Norwegian soldiers, because they were clad in the white mail of the soldiers. And they listened as Tarkinn and Veidr spoke among the soldiers.
Veidr said, “I think that they are trying to give Princess Leia information about the construction of this ship. She could still be useful.”
“Veidr, my lord,” said a soldier, “We searched the ship for men, but found none. We think that it is a decoy ship, and that the crew abandoned it shortly after they left Iceland.”
“Did you not even find any thralls?” asked Veidr.
“None, my lord,” said the soldier, “If any were on the ship, they also abandoned it.”
“You two there,” said Veidr, and he pointed at Hani and Lúkr, “Go back to that ship, and search it thoroughly. Tear it apart till you find something or someone, and bring anyone you find to the dungeon amidships where the princess is. I sense something, something that I have not felt since…” He went silent, and walked away.
Hani and Lúkr went back to the Falcon, and Lúkr told Hani and Víga-Óbívan that he wanted to help Princess Leia, “For we didn’t know before that she was alive and that she was on this ship.”
“Why should we help her?” asked Hani, “Let’s figure out as soon as possible how to get ourselves free.”
“But Artú knows something that she needs to pass on to the army that’s fighting against King Falfadinn,” said Lúkr.
“Why can’t he tell them himself?” said Hani, “Why do they need to hear her voice?”
“The soldiers of Falfadinn and Veidr will kill her,” said Lúkr.
“And me, if I try to rescue her,” said Hani, “I’ll sit here till I come up with a way to get us out of this.”
“She is very rich,” said Lúkr.
“Rich?” asked Hani.
“Of course,” said Lúkr, “And powerful. If you rescued her, the reward would be…”
“What?” asked Hani.
“More money than you could well imagine,” said Lúkr.
“There’s a lot of money that I can well imagine,” said Hani.
“You’ll get it,” said Lúkr.
“That would certainly be good,” said Hani, “But how?”
But Víga-Óbívan said, “I know the spell which Veidr cast upon the waves. I will find him, and if I prevail, his spell will weaken, and you can escape on the Falcon.”
“I want to go with you,” said Lúkr, “And we can save the princess.”
“No, Lúkr, you and Hani find her. I must fight alone. I don’t expect that I will escape with my life,” said Víga-Óbívan, “But loan me that good sword which you took in inheritance from your father. It is bound to avail me well, and I will return it to you living or dead. You take my spear.”
“Very well,” segir Lúkr, “But I still want to go with you, and die with you if that is what fate ordains.”
Víga-Óbívan said, “A longer life is ordained for you than for me, Lúkr, and the fortune of my family will follow you.” And he walked away.
Tsiubakka said something in Frisian.
“You speak the truth, Tsiubakka,” said Hani, “Where did you find that old barnacle, Lúkr?”
“He is a noble man,” said Lúkr, “And a war hero. And I have not heard that any good counsel has come to your mind.” Then he looked at Tsiubakka. “It occurs to me, that we ought to bind our Frisian captive.”
Tsiubakka disliked this very much, but Hani understood Lúkr’s intent, and assuaged Tsiubakka’s wrath, saying that he thought he knew what Lúkr intended.
Then they tied rope around the hands of Tsiubakka, and when they were ready to walk back aboard the Daudastjarna, Thrípíó said: “But sir, what should we do while you are on the Daudastjarna? What do we do if soldiers find us?”
“There are doors there,” said Hani, “And you can lock them. And you can pray to your Christ-god that they don’t have axes.”
Chapter 31: Concerning the Rescue of Princess Leia
Now Hani and Lúkr took a boat and rowed to the Daudastjarna, and Tsiubakka the Frisian was bound in the boat as if he were their prisoner. Hani and Lúkr were still clad in the white armor of the Norwegian soldiers. Later men would call these soldiers Stormtroopers, because their army had fallen upon Aldiranborg like the fiercest storm, and they had burned that city and all that was within it, before their white helmets retreated, reddened with gore like a bloody foaming wave.
On the Daudastjarna, there were many men who marveled at Tsiubakka’s height and broad build. And when they had come to the dungeon, a Stormtrooper asked, “Where are you taking this giant of a man?”
“To the dungeon,” said Lúkr, “He was on the ship that Veidr captured.”
The Stormtrooper said, “I have not heard tell that any man was found on that ship, and we should tell Tarkinn, Jarl of Stórmof, about this first.”
But when this soldier turned around and went to bear these tidings to Tarkinn, Hani the Duelist threw his axe and felled him. Two Stormtroopers saw Hani attack the man, and they each took an axe in hand and went to his aid. Lúkr fought them off with great agility, and struck at them with the strength and fearlessness of a lion. Soon the Stormtroopers had been killed by Luke, for they had only short-shafted axes, but Lúkr struck hard and fast with the spear of Víga-Óbívan.
A man on the poop-deck heard the clash of weapons, and called out loudly, “What happened in there?”
“Nothing,” shouted Hani, “Everything is in order. A wave arose under the ship and rocked it, and some weapons fell to the floor. Didn’t you feel that strong wave up there?”
“I didn’t feel this wave that you mention, but I will send some men down to clear the floor,” said the soldier.
“No,” said Hani, “This is not necessary.”
“Who is there?” asked the soldier, and stepped down to look at Hani, “Where are you from?” But Hani leapt at him with his axe drawn, slashed his leg and killed him.
“This conversation bored me,” said Hani, and then he called loudly to Lúkr, “Lúkr! Others will be following him shortly!”
Lúkr was looking into all the rooms of the dungeon till he came to the room that held Princess Leia.
“You are certainly a small Stormtrooper,” she said upon seeing Lúkr.
“I am no Stormtrooper,” he said, “I am named Lúkr Anakinsson, and I am here to rescue you.”
“I have never heard your name,” she said, “Are you an Icelander?”
“Yes,” said Lúkr, “And I am here with Artú Dítússon and Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson.”
“Is Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson on this ship? Where is he?” she asked.
“Come with me for now,” said Lúkr, “For the soldiers will find us soon.”
But when he and Leia stepped out of her cell, there were many soldiers nearby who shot arrows. Tsiubakka had killed one of them and taken his bow. He shot arrows back, but more soldiers followed those who had fallen. Hani the Duelist was also shooting arrows.
“It seems to me,” said Leia to Hani, “That you have hindered our escape, for we cannot get out except through that door where the Stormtroopers are standing.”
“Would you rather sit in your cell in the dungeon, Princess?” asked Hani.
“Better that,” said she, “Than die.”
There was a window in Leia’s cell, and from that window one could see the sea, and on the sea one could see Hani’s ship the Falcon. Taking in hand that spear which Víga-Óbívan had given him, Lúkr carved runes upon it and colored them with his blood, and spoke a spell which Víga-Óbívan had taught him. The man who spoke this spell could speak with another man, even if each stood a long way from the other. And having cast this spell, Lúkr asked Artú, who stood upon the Falcon, whether he knew another exit which Lúkr and the others could take.
Artú answered that he knew no other exit.
Hani asked what the news was, and Lúkr told him.
“But I can’t kill them all,” said Hani, “What should we do?”
“This rescue doesn’t speak well for you,” said Leia, “For you came in, but did not know how you would get out.”
“The plan was his, and not mine, Princess,” said Hani the Duelist, son of Sóló, “And I would rather have waited on my ship, where I would have lived even if you were killed here.”
Princess Leia became very angry, and leapt thereupon out the window in her cell. And when Hani the Duelist looked down from her window, he saw that a garbage boat was there underneath the Daudastjarna, and that it was bearing the trash of the larger ship away. Princess Leia had fallen upon some discarded clothing and was unharmed, and she communicated with hand gestures that she wanted Hani and the rest to follow her.
Tsiubakka was frightened of the jump, for he claimed that he smelled something rotten that was worse than the mere stench of garbage. But Hani said that he cared nothing for what Tsiubakka smelled, and pushed him out the window. Then Lúkr took the jump. But Hani the Duelist fired his last arrows before he made the jump himself.
“A delightful girl,” he said as he leapt, “But I still don’t know whether I’ll end up rescuing her or killing her.”
Chapter 32: Concerning the Battle on the Garbage Boat
When they had come onto the garbage boat, they could not escape it, for Veidr had considered that his enemies might hide themselves there, and he had enchanted that boat so that men were enclosed there like foxes in a trap, and a weapon which was drawn there drew against its owner. And then he placed a great dragon on that boat, and that dragon burnt all the trash on the boat when it got further from the Daudastjarna, before the boat returned to the Daudastjarna again. Veidr expected that no man could live there for very long.
But Hani the Duelist and the others did not know that the boat was enchanted, and Hani shot an arrow from it toward the Daudastjarna, but this arrow flew back and sought to strike him instead, and Hani had a hard time of dodging it.
“Don’t shoot!” said Lúkr, “I tried that before you got here. There is an enchantment upon the boat.”
“And drop that bow!” said Princess Leia, “Or you will surely kill us all.”
“Gladly, my queen,” said Hani, “Everything was in order before you led us here. It is not long now before they learn what happened to us.”
“It could have been worse,” said Lúkr, “We are still alive.”
But when he said this, they heard the roar of a large animal, and the garbage under them shifted somewhat. Tsiubakka was greatly afraid, and tried to run higher on the heap of garbage.
“Worse?” asked Hani, “It just got worse. Something is alive here.”
And then the great dragon emerged from below, and blew poison in every direction before itself. It grasped Lúkr in its long tail, and sought to drown him in the garbage pile.
But Hani the Duelist did not fear this dragon. He took up the spear which Lúkr had dropped, and on this spear were written runes, as has been told before, and because of these runes he could speak with Thrípíó and Artú from afar.
“Thrípíó?” asked Hani, “Can you hear me, Thrípíó?”
“Everything is not well here -” said Thrípíó, but Hani bade him silence himself.
“We have come onto the garbage boat,” said Hani, “And there is a great dragon here, which I would like to slay before it slays me and Lúkr. What advice can you offer?”
And Thrípíó replied, “Dig a hole in the garbage, and sit in that, and stab into the dragon’s heart.”
Hani the Duelist did this. And when the dragon slithered over the hole, Hani buried his axe under its left shoulder all the way to the shaft.Then Hani jumped out of the hole and pulled the axe out, and his arms were bloody up to the shoulders. And when the great dragon felt its death blow, its long neck and tail collapsed, so that everything that was before it was broken, and Lúkr was released.
Then Thrípíó and Artú heard a great shouting, for they could hear all that occurred in the vicinity of the enchanted spear. “Listen to them!” said Thrípíó to his brother Artú, “They are dying, Artú! And I am to blame! It was ill advice that I give to Hani the Duelist, and now the dragon has slain them all.”
Lúkr heard this and said, “We live still, Thrípíó. Ask Artú whether he knows what spell lies upon this boat, and how we can escape it.”
But Thrípíó and Artú were not where they had been before, among the sacks in the cargo hold, for the Stormtroopers had come there and had found the two brothers. Thrípíó told them that he and Artú were men loyal to King Falfadinn but who had been captured by these Icelandic men, and that Lúkr and the others were on the Daudastjarna and were looking for Princess Leia in the dungeon. The Stormtroopers believed his words, but they had brought him and Artú to the Daudastjarna, and there they remained. And because Artú had helped King Falfadinn and Veidr build the Daudastjarna, he knew that Veidr carved his spells on rune-sticks, and he knew where these were kept, hidden in a certain wall. Thrípíó and Artú went there and sought the rune-stick that contained the spell which lay upon the garbage boat.
“Can Artú cancel all the restraining spells on the garbage boat?” Lúkr asked Thrípíó.
Artú told Thrípíó that he could cancel all the spells on the garbage boat, but not the restraining spells specifically.
“Then cancel them all,” said Thrípíó. And then Lúkr and the others were able to leap off the garbage boat and swim back to the Daudastjarna.
Chapter 33: Concerning the Duel of Víga-Óbívan and Veidr
Now the saga turns over to Víga-Óbívan, who found Veidr on the Daudastjarna.
“Long have I awaited you, Víga-Óbívan,” said Veidr, “Finally the two of us meet again, and now the circle is complete.”
Víga-Óbívan was silent, but he drew the sword Lightsaber the Green which he had borrowed from Lúkr.
“When we last saw one another, I was a slave,” said Veidr, “But now I am a master.”
“The lord only of a dishonorable host, Veidi-Anakinn,” said Víga-Óbívan. Then he leapt forward with sword in hand and cut at Veidr, but Veidr jumped away from his strike.
“You have become weak, old man,” said Veidr.
“You cannot win, Veidi-Anakinn,” said Víga-Óbívan, “If you strike me down, I will become stronger than you can possibly imagine.” Veidr leapt then at Víga-Óbívan, and he had drawn the sword Lightsaber the Red. Long did they fight, and they were equally manly, and neither gave in.
At this same time Hani the Duelist and the others swam back up to the Daudastjarna, but the soldiers paid them no attention, for they were riveted in attention to the duel between Veidr and Víga-Óbívan. And when Leia saw Hani’s ship the Falcon, she asked him, “You pilot this ship? You are braver than I thought.”
But Lúkr asked him, “Is the ship in good order?”
“It seems so,” said Hani, “If we can get to it. I hope that the old man can defeat Veidr so that we can get out.”
“Then let’s move as quickly as possible,” said Lúkr, and they all ran toward where the Falcon was while the soldiers watched the duel. But Víga-Óbívan saw them running, and then he considered that he could not win the duel against Veidr, but he knew a spell which a man could sing in order to survive after a kinsman had slain him. But the death in this case had to caused by a man who had betrayed his own kin, and the man so killed would live on unseen and intangible so long as he continued to exhort his kinsmen to kill his betrayer. And furthermore, the man who sang this song, though unseen and intangible to all, could be heard by those men who sought to avenge him. Such a spell would also cancel all magic cast by the betrayer, and in this way Lúkr and the others could escape and live to take their vengeance later.
And Víga-Óbívan cast this spell, and he held the sword Lightsaber the Green before him, and spoke his last: “Valhalla, I am coming.” And Veidr seeing this struck him with Lightsaber the Red. Víga-Óbívan fell and disappeared from sight.
“What?” said Veidr, for he did not understand what had happened. But Lúkr became exceedingly angry and killed five men with spear and axe. Then he took Lightsaber the Green, the sword which Víga-Óbívan had been holding, and he slew many more men, before he heard the voice of Víga-Óbívan. “Run, Lúkr, run,” said the invisible Víga-Óbívan, “You cannot avenge me today, but if you escape with Hani the Duelist I expect that you will be able to avenge me, and your father, a hundredfold.” And since Lúkr believed the words of Víga-Óbívan, and wished greatly to kill many men in his quest to avenge Víga-Óbívan and his father, he ran aboard the Falcon, and Hani together with Tsíubakka the Frisian sailed that good ship away as fast as it could go.
Note: I have it on the authority of my colleague Luke Annear that in some later manuscript traditions, Chapter 33 features a kiss shared by Lúkr Anakinsson with his sister Leia Anakinsdóttir. While it is certainly notable that the two do not realize that they are siblings at this point in the saga, I find it rather unlikely that during any era of Icelandic literary culture the incest of two siblings would have been celebrated in a saga. Probably this is an emendation by later copyists who had not read the earliest chapters of the saga (which for whatever reason, as earlier discussed, are practically ignored from Chapter 17 on at any rate). The best manuscripts do not feature the kissing scene, and so it is not included in this edition of Tattúínárdǿla saga.
Chapter 34: Concerning the Sea Battle Aboard the Falcon
Hani the Duelist bade Luke stand with him on the Falcon’s bow, for he foresaw that Norwegian soldiers would follow them after their departure from the Daudastjarna.
“I can’t believe that Víga-Óbívan is dead,” said Lúkr.
“There was no way that you could have avenged him there, Lúkr,” said Princess Leia.
“Be silent, both of you,” said Hani, “Many other good men have died, but the living man who sits and mourns the deaths of others doesn’t see the arrow that is shot at him.”
And just when he had spoken these words, an arrow came flying at his ship and fixed itself upon the box right below his feet. “Stand now with Tsiubakka and me, for soldiers will follow such a message!”
Then they saw that Norwegian soldiers had followed them on a small warship and had a grappling hook with them, which they took up and cast between the ships and hooked upon Hani’s ship, dragging it thereupon toward their own.
Lúkr now had that good sword, which was called Lightsaber the Green. Lúkr drew this sword and had not even set upon his head a helmet when he leapt upon the gunwale of the Norwegian soldiers’ ship and immediately struck a man his death-blow.
A man stood upon the other end of the Norwegian ship and cast a spear across the ship, and aimed it at the middle of the Falcon. Hani saw this and moved so swiftly that no man could see him moving–then he took this spear in his left hand and shot it back at the man who had thrown it, and this man died from that blow. Then Tsiubakka the Frisian heaved up the Falcon’s anchor and threw it onto the Norwegian ship, breaking that ship and letting the coal-black sea flow inn. The soldiers from that ship all leapt from it and onto the Falcon, and then a hard battle began. Each man did what he could. Hani fought both by hewing with and throwing his axe; many men died on account of him. Lúkr followed him well. Then Tsiubakka came to the fray, and the three of them fought for the rest of the day.
Lúkr took a rest during the fighting. Hani saw this and commented: “You have treated others better than you have treated yourself today, for you have ended their thirst.”
Then Lúkr took a single serving out of a full cask of mead, and drank it, and went back to fighting after that. And it so happened that more soldiers leapt upon their ship from another small warship, and Lúkr went to defend one side of the Falcon and Hani to the other. Against Lúkr there came a large man in white chainmail, who swung a sword at him which stuck in his shield. Lúkr twisted his shield hard, breaking that sword off at the hilt. Then he struck back, and he struck so swiftly that it seemed to his enemy that three swords were in the air where there was only Lúkr’s one, and he did not know from what direction to defend himself. Lúkr cut both feet out from under him. Tsiubakka killed many more men with a spear. After that they took a great deal of plunder from the Norwegian ship, and from there they held their course east toward Shetland, fighting constantly along the way and always taking the victory.
Chapter 35: Concerning the Feast on Whalsay
Hani the Duelist and the others came to land at Whalsay in Shetland, and they anchored the ship at a harbor there. A short way into the interior of the island lived a jarl who was named Villardr. When he learned that Vikings had come to his land, he sent his men to meet with them, with the purpose of learning whether these Vikings were there in peace or there with the intent of raiding. But when these men came to Hani with their errand from the earl, Hani assured them that they were not there to raid them, for they had no need to raid at this time or to do battle there, and the land was not wealthy anyway. He said also that he had come with Artú Dítússon, an Irishman, and that this good man knew how one might destroy the Norwegian warship which was called the Daudastjarna.
The messengers returned to the jarl and told him what had come of their errand. And when the jarl was aware that these Vikings were enemies of King Falfadinn and wished to do some harm to his kingdom, he rejoiced, for he hated Falfadinn and his soldiers, who often raided in Shetland. Then he rode without bodyguards over to where Hani and the others were. When they met, their conversations went well. The jarl invited them to a feast with him and his army.
And when they came into the hall of the jarl, they were greeted well, and they were led into the dining room, where beer was brought in and given them to drink. They sat there till the evening.
But before the tables were taken up, the jarl said that they should cast lots to determine who should sit together, each man paired with a woman, as far as there were enough, but some would be left to drink alone if there were too many. So the men cast their lots upon a kerchief, and the jarl took them up. The jarl had a daughter. The lots were cast in such a way that it fell to Lúkr to sit with her during the evening. She was going about the hall and enjoying herself. Lúkr then got up and went to the spot where she had been sitting during the day. And when the others all went to their allotted seats, she went to hers next to him. And she said:
What do you want, boy, in my seat?
I trust that you have seldom
fed the wolf warm flesh,
and I’d rather sit alone in that case:
You have never seen the autumn raven
croaking above a slaughtered warrior,
you have never been to a place
where sharp swords cross.
Lúkr put his arm around her and sat her down next to him. And then he said:
I have walked with a bloody blade,
which the corpse-hungry raven eagerly followed,
and a resounding spear:
there was a hard ambush by Víkings,
angrily we conducted battle;
fire has burnt the abodes of my foes,
I have left bloody corpses
strewn over city-gates.
Then the two of them drank together happily all evening. It was a great feast, and it lasted the whole of the next day also.
But then Princess Leia said to Jarl Villardr, “You must lay aside this feasting, my lord, and speak with Artú, this Irishman, who knows how we might destroy the Daudastjarna. I have a suspicion, that that ship will have followed us here.”
Veidr stood on a doorway upon the deck when Tarkinn, Jarl of Stórmof, came to him. “Are you sure, Veidr,” he said, “That you have correctly cast the spell of following upon their ship? Otherwise this voyage will be rather risky.”
“Certainly I have cast the spell correctly,” said Veidr, “And already we have learnt that our enemies are hiding on the other side of Mainland in Shetland, on a small island which is called Whalsay. We are now preparing our journey, after we gather a large army here in Falfadinn’s lands in Ireland.”
“This has been done in a way pleasing to me,” said Tarkinn.
“This is certainly a good week,” said Veidr, “Víga-Óbívan Kvæggansson is dead, and soon all who draw sword against King Falfadinn will die.”
Chapter 36: Concerning the Norwegian Fleet
On the sixth week of summer the Norwegian fleet neared Whalsay. Hani the Duelist had departed, along with Tsiubakka, for he wished to pay Jabbi, King of the Danes, the ransom that was placed on his head. Lúkr Anakinsson and Jarl Villardr were there with all their warriors; Jarl Villardr had named Lúkr a chieftain, and intended to marry his daughter to him.
It was good weather with bright sunshine. Both leaders now went onto a small island with their warriors and saw where very many ships sailed out on the sea all together, and now they saw a particularly large and splendidly adorned ship.
Then Jarl Villardr said: “This is a great ship and exquisitely handsome. This must be the Daudastjarna.”
Lúkr answered him and said that this was not the Daudastjarna. And it was as he said: This was the ship of Danettr from Pittir. A little later they saw where another ship sailed, this one much bigger than the first.
Then Jarl Villardr said: “Veidr and Tarkinn are afraid now. They do not dare to sail with the dragon-heads on their ship.”
Then Lúkr said: “This is not the Daudastjarna. I know this ship, and its sail, for the sail is striped. This is Ásvaldr Tesjiksson. We should let them sail on. It will be better for us if this well-prepared ship is a gap and a loss in Veidr’s fleet, than if it is near us.”
Then they saw where three ships sailed, and one was a great ship. Then Jarl Villardr bade his men go to their ships, saying that there went the Daudastjarna.
Lúkr said: “They have many good and well-decorated ships besides the Daudastjarna. Wait a little longer.”
Then many said: “Lúkr doesn’t want to fight and avenge his father Anakinn. This is a great shame, such that will be spoken of in every land, if we lie here with such a force of arms and let Veidr sail past us on the ocean right under our noses.”
But only a little after they had said this, they saw that there were four ships sailing, and one of them was a huge dragon-ship spectacularly decorated in gold.
Then Lúkr, son of Anakinn, stood and said: “I will stand high upon the prow of the Daudastjarna tonight. I will steer that ship.”
Then many said that this was a great ship and a beautiful one, and a magnificent deed to have had such a great ship built.
The warriors then went to their ships and raised the sails. And as Lúkr and Villardr talked about what was happening, they saw that there were four ships sailing toward them and the fourth and last was the Daudastjarna. But those large ships, which had sailed before it and which they thought to be the Daudastjarna, were in fact two ships: the first was called Tæfætr the Long, and the second Tæfætr the Short. But when they saw the Daudastjarna, all recognized it, and none denied that there Veidr would be sailing, and they went to their ships and prepared them for battle.
There was an arrangement among the two leaders that the first who stepped foot upon the Daudastjarna would own all the loot that was upon it, and each of them also would get all the ships which he could clear of men.
Jarl VIllardr had a huge warship which he had been accustomed to bring with him on Viking raids, and he gave Lúkr this ship. This ship was called Ekkel’s Wing, after the great sea-hero of that name, and Artú Dítússon went aboard this ship with Lúkr. And when Lúkr went aboard this ship, he heard the voice of Víga-Óbívan, which said: “Lúkr, avenge me and your father. The good luck of your family will be with you, always.”
Veidr had the horn blown to order his ships together. The Daudastjarna was in the middle of the fleet, and on either side of it Tæfætr the Long and Tæfætr the Short. And when they began to tie the ships together, they tied the Daudastjarna to Tæfætr the Long. But when Veidr saw this he called out loudly, and ordered them to let the bigger ship go first, and not let the great ship be the last in the whole fleet. Then Tarkinn, Jarl of Stórmof, said: “If the Daudastjarna will sail as far ahead of the other ships as it is longer than they are, then it will be difficult to defend the front of it.”
Veidr said: “I did not know that my leading officer was both gray-haired and a coward.”
Tarkinn said: “Then you defend the back, and I will defend the front.”
Veidr took up a bow, strung an arrow upon it and aimed it at Tarkinn.
Tarkinn said: “Shoot the other way, Veidr, for there is more need there. What I win is won also for you.”
Veidr stood upon the raised aft deck of the Daudastjarna. He towered above all others. He had a black shield and a raven-black helmet, and was easily distinguishable from other men. He had a short black tunic on over his chain mail.
And when Veidr saw that the host of his enemies was assembling and flags were being raised for their leaders, he asked: “Who is the leader of that force closest to us, with the golden flags?”
He was told that this was Villardr, Jarl of Shetland.
Veidr answered: “We do not fear those cowards. Shetlanders have no courage in them. But what leader follows those flags which are out there on the right side, with the red flags?”
“That is,” they said, “Lúkr Anakinsson, an Icelander.”
Then Veidr answered: “He will be thinking to give us a suitable battle, and we have hope of a harder fight from those troops. He is an Icelander like I am, and I see that a certain family luck is strong with this one.”
Note: There is a sizable lacuna between chapters 36 and 42 in our manuscript of the Tattúínárdǿla saga, but the events of these chapters can be guessed at from the contents of the fragmentary Veiðrsdrápa (“Song of Praise for Veidr”), traditionally attributed to King Falfaðinn himself (although more likely by one of his many court skálds; Þorbjǫrn stjǫrnuklofi has been suspected by many scholars). This poem is badly preserved, due to its only manuscript having been torn apart and repurposed as binding for a volume of bishops’ sagas. But from the surviving stanzas of this poem, we learn that the Death Star has been destroyed –
Auga þat’s Falfaðinn Þjaza
þiggr–skóp–Amlóða kvern’s liggr æ.
“The eye of Þjazi (= star, i.e. Death Star/Dauðastjarna) which Falfaðinn made, is received by the mill of Amloði (= sea), lies there evermore.”
We read also of an episode in which Veidr chases the rebels to a hideout in the icy northern district of Hoð, apparently employing a team of notably tall-legged horses in so doing (or is this an unsatisfactorily explained kenning for something else?) –
Háleggjuðu þengils leggjum
leiðum manar hófa skeiða
til hrímkalda sunnan heims Hoðs
hǫggum þá’s ljóssborgar skrǫgg fjásk.
“Let us set the hooves of the king’s high-legged ships of the mane (= horses) on the paths northward to the frost-cald land of Hoth, let us cut down those who hate the light-city’s (= Koruskantborg’s) fox (= leader, i.e. Falfaðinn).”
And the poem offers us tantalizing clues about Lúkr’s whereabouts afterwards:
Hvé Lúkr lauk-at vitu-t seggir
ljúga’s segja Veiðr hann kúgi;
trúa flest hann fǿri austan
fann Óðinssvikara Jóða.
“How Lúkr’s life was spared is unknown; they lie who say that he was frightened of Veidr, and most say that he went west, where he found Jódi, the betrayer of Odin (i.e. the Christian).”
However, the prose narrative itself does not resume till the duel of Veidr and Lúkr in chapter 42, which in our oldest and best manuscript is also written in a noticeably younger hand than chapters 17-36.
Chapter 42: Concerning the Duel of Lúkr and Veidr, and the Lament of Veidr
Now it must be told, that Lúkr saw a man standing upon the road before him, and he saw that this man must be Veidr. Lúkr drew his sword and struck at Veidr, but Veidr raised his shield, and Lúkr’s strike lodged in Veidr’s shield. Then Veidr cut to Lúkr, but Lúkr acted wisely; he ducked under the blow, though he was wounded a little by it.
Veidr spoke, he began to ask in few words, who Lúkr’s father was, “or of what kin you are, child; if you tell me the name of one of them, I will know the others in your line; all the people on Iceland are well known to me.”
Lúkr Anakinsson spoke: “I was told by Víga-Óbívan, an old man and wise, who once lived, that my father was named Anakinn; I am named Lúkr. My father went east long ago.”
Veiðr said: “Víga-Óbívan will not have told you the truth about what happened to your father.”
“He told me enough,” said Lúkr, “He told me, that my father was always at the forefront of any army, that he was a man who cherished war, that he was well-known to other brave men. And he told me that you killed him.”
“That is not true,” said Veidr, “For I am your father.” He then took from his arm twisted arm-rings, made of gold from the royal treasury, which his king, the lord of Norway, had given him: “These I give to you in friendship.”
Lúkr Anakinsson said: “With a spear shall one receive gifts, spearpoint against spearpoint.”
“Now a great disgrace occurs,” said Veidr, “For now my own son shall cut me with his sword, break me beneath his blade, or else I shall become his killer.”
“You are not to be believed, you crafty Norwegian,” said Lúkr, “Even if you are my father, you will still want to kill Hani, who is my sworn brother, and it would be shameful if I sat by.” And he cut for Veidr with his sword gripped in both hands, dealt a damaging blow to Veidr’s white shield.
“This is manfully done,” said Veidr. Veidr cut for Lúkr’s hand, so that it was cut off, and Lightsaber the Green fell down and with it Lúkr.
Anakinn spoke – he was called Veidr, Lúkr’s father:
Old Odin, do not grant me your favor!
Better do I think it to eat goat’s flesh
than to drink the mead of Valhalla,
to be deprived of joy and exchange it for honor.
I have cut off the hand of my own son;
may Odin repair his hand, and my family,
or else when my brave son wins his seat in Valhalla,
may he not find me there.
Chapter 43: Concerning Lúkr in Jabbi’s Palace
Our story turns now to this, when Princess Leia, together with Thrípíó Dítússon, Tsiubakka the Frisian, and the famous captain Lando Kalrisson of Cloud-City, went to Denmark on that ship of Hani the Duelist which is called the Falcon. Lúkr Anakinsson was displeased with this, for he thought it poorly planned, and he himself was in ill health the whole summer, for he had lost his hand when he fought a duel against his father, Veiði-Anakinn.
But many weeks later Lúkr Anakinsson, the Sky-walker, sailed to Denmark, together with Artú Dítússon, on that good ship which is called the Ekkill’s Wing, after the great old sea-king of that name. And on this journey Artú cast a spell, which he had learned among the Jedi Fjord Men of old, and he made a new hand for Lúkr, and this hand was made of silver.
Jabbi the Stout was King of Denmark in those days. He was an excellent chieftain in every respect, but a fat man and a great drinker, and he was not accustomed to traveling on this account. It seemed to him best to remain at his court, while he sent men to travel widely around and accomplish his errands.
Lúkr came to the king’s residence with Artú. He led his horse into the stable next to the king’s best horses, and asked no one about it; he then went into the hall, and a few of Jabbi’s bodyguards were there. Some bodyguards asked him why he had come.
“I came to meet with your king, because I would like to purchase the peaceful release of my sworn brother, Hani the Duelist, son of Sóló,” said Lúkr. “Now, take me to him.”
The bodyguards refused to do this, but Lúkr cast the magic of the Jedi Fjord Men upon them. “Now you will take me to your king,” he said. They did so.
“You serve your king well,” said Lúkr, and this pleased the bodyguards. “He will reward you extraordinarily well.”
Now when Lúkr came before the seat of King Jabbi, the king was asleep, and Lúkr saw in a certain corner where Leia sat. She was bound to the throne of Jabbi, and much harried because Jabbi and his men were accustomed to force her to wait on them day and night. Men say that Jabbi punished her in this fashion because she released Hani from his magical bonds, and King Jabbi could not bear to have his power challenged by a woman. In those times it was not customary among the Danes to give heed to a woman’s words.
Now the bodyguards woke Jabbi, and led Thrípíó the son of Dítú thereto, for he had entered into the service of Jabbi, and he spoke many languages.
But because Lúkr could not understand his thick Danish accent, he could understand only a little of what King Jabbi said when Jabbi saw what man had come to visit him. “I told you,” said Jabbi, “That this man should never be allowed to come into my presence, or into the very sight of me or my sons. You meager-brained fools! He has enchanted you with Jedi magic. And yet he has willingly entered into my power, and so I shall not act basely towards him without hearing him speak his errand first.”
And now Jabbi turned to Lúkr and said, “Bo shuda.” That is how the Danes say “Welcome.” Thrípíó now began to translate Jabbi’s words into Norse.
“You will give me Hani the Duelist, and Tsiubakka the Frisian,” said Lúkr.
“Your Jedi Fjord magic does not work on me,” said Jabbi.
“All the same,” said Lúkr, “I will take them away, and our friends. You have a choice, king, that will have seemed unlikely to you before this moment, for now I have power over your life. I will not be a worse drengr to you than you are to me. And now I offer you two choices: To be killed, or to let me take my friends and receive payment for them instead. I will take them either way.”
Jabbi laughed, and had Lúkr cast into a pit, and in this pit lived a lion. “I do not wish to make this choice,” said Jabbi, and laughed again.
Lúkr saw the lion, which was lying down with a dead man under it, whose blood it was sucking up.
Then Lúkr said to the lion: “Stand up and fight me. That will be more manly than to lie there on that meat.”
The lion stood up and looked at Lúkr, but then sat back down.
Lúkr said: “If you think that I am better armed than you, then I shall do something about that.” He cast off his helmet and set down his shield as well. “Now stand up if you dare.”
The lion sat up and shook its head, but then lay back down.
“I understand now,” said Lúkr, “That you want us to be equally unarmed.” Now he cast his sword aside and said: “It will be as you wish! Now stand up, if you have a heart that is not better suited to the most cowardly of creatures.”
The lion stood up and bristled and looked very grim. It leapt then at Lúkr and lifted up its paw, which it intended to strike Lúkr with. But at the moment that it prepared to strike, Lúkr leapt at the lion in turn. They wrestled for a long time. The combat was great, and the end of it was that Lúkr got the lion on its back and broke its spine.
Then King Jabbi had Lúkr taken out of the pit and had Hani and Tsiubakka brought to him, together with all those who belonged to their following. It was then that Lúkr saw Hani the Duelist
“We meet again, my sworn brother,” said Hani.
“I would not wish to be elsewhere,” said Lúkr, “Than a place where we might fight together against our enemies.”
“Or die together,” said Hani, “But how have things been with you otherwise, since we last saw each other?”
“The same as before,” said Lúkr.
“So much the worse,” replied Hani, “But where is Leia?” He was still blind because of Veiðr’s magic.
“I am here,” she said.
But now Thrípíó came to them and said: “The great Jabbi has decided that you are to be killed immediately.”
“I call that good news,” said Hani, “It would bore me to wait a long time.”
“For the king has decided,” continued Thrípíó, “That you shall be brought to the Dune Lake, and there you shall be cast into the mouth of the Lyng-back, where you will dwell for a thousand years in unspeakable suffering.”
“That I cannot call good news,” said Hani, and Tsiubakka indicated his agreement.
“You will not kill me,” said Lúkr, “When the next dawn comes, I will be alive, and you, King Jabbi, will not be.” But Jabbi laughed at him.
More than a third of Jylland in Denmark is a great desert, and it was to this desert that King Jabbi had his captives taken.
Chapter 44: Concerning the Lyngbak or Sarlaccus, and the Death of King Jabbi
Jabbi, King of the Danes, rode to the Dún Lake with his following, and Princess Leia was with him because he had taken her as his servant, and she was in chains. Thrípíó and Artú, the sons of Dítú, were with him as well, for they had become a part of his retinue. Artú bore the king’s drinking horn.
But King Jabbi had Lúkr Anakinsson, Hani Sólósson, and Tsiúbakka the Frisian led to the lake in the chains of prisoners. Jabbi did not know that Landó Kalrisson, who had bound them, had tied the bonds of Hani and Tsiubakka loosely – for he had become a retainer of King Jabbi, but he felt compelled to repay Hani because he had rescued him from the soldiers and wrath of Veidr in Cloud City. But to Lúkr he had not given heed, for he had heard it said that Lúkr was the son of Veidr.
Now in old days there lived in the desert of Denmark the Lyngbak, a great and large dragon, which ate all that which fell into its mouth, but only its mouth was seen, and it was in the Dún Lake. And such a magic lay upon this dragon, that everything that fell into its mouth living, would live within it for a thousand years in pain and darkness. Some men have said, that the Romans called this monster the Sarlaccus.
Now Thrípíó knelt before the king, and spoke aloud in the hearing of all: “If you wish to beg for mercy, the king will hear your pleas.”
But Hani answered, he was Sóló’s son: “Thrípío, tell that worm-bitten pile of mud that he will get no such pleasure out of us!”
Tsiubakka expressed agreement with this. But Lúkr spoke, he was the son of Anakinn whom men call Veidr: “King Jabbi, I offer you this for the last time: Free us, or you will die.”
But Jabbi, King of the Danes, laughed, and ordered Lúkr to be pushed out into the lake over the mouth of the Sarlaccus. But the king did not know that Artú Dítússon had kept the good sword of Lúkr, which was called Lightsaber the Green, and he did not see when Artú threw this good sword to Lúkr. But Lúkr caught that sword, and with the strength of the men of the Jedi Fjords he broke his bonds asunder, and killed fifteen men before Jabbi’s men could even draw their weapons.
A battle broke out then; many in the following of Jabbi were killed. Then Lúkr ran forward and cut with both hands, for he had also seized a broad-bladed spear in his left hand, and he ran to the place where he saw the king’s banner. There fell Sy Snootles the singer, a retainer of Jabbi’s, and many another good man. But when Lúkr reached the wall of shields surrounding the king, his sword stuck in the man who bore the king’s banner.
Then Lúkr said: “Now I struck three feet too short.”
The king himself wanted to deal Lúkr his death blow. But Princess Leia stood behind Jabbi, and she took up her chains and swept them up under the king’s neck and strangled him to death. It is for this reason that she began to be called Leia the King-killer.
On this day Dueling-Hani killed Bóbafett, son of Jangofett, and that was a great deed, but men say that Lúkr Anakinsson killed thirty men. And the bodies of all whom they had killed, including the body of the king, they fed to the Sarlaccus, and they took as booty the horses and weapons of King Jabbi and rode west toward the sea.
Chapter 45: Concerning the Death of Jódi Gormóarson
Now Lúkr went with Artú Dítússon to meet with Jódi Gormóarson in the Faroe Islands. But there Lúkr found Jódi in his bed, and Jódi seemed unlikely to live.
“Are you sick, my foster-father?” asked Lúkr.
“Yes, yes,” said Jódi, “Sick I am, old and weak am I become. But when ninety winters you have lived, look so good you will not. Die soon shall I.”
“But I need help from you still,” said Lúkr, “I have come back because I want to continue to train in the magic of the Jedi Fjord Men.”
“Require further training you do not,” said Jódi, “Know all that do you, which you require.”
“Then I have become a man of the Jedi Fjords.”
“No! Not yet. Avenge your father you must, a man whom we once counted as a member of our family also.”
“But Veidr is my father,” said Lúkr, “Is that not true?”
“True it is,” said Jódi, “Your father he is. Told you, did he?”
“Yes,” said Lúkr.
“This was not your hope,” said Jódi, “And it is an unlucky thing to have happened.”
“Unlucky?” said Lúkr, “Unlucky that I know the truth, about my own father?”
“No,” said Jódi, “Unlucky that now, doubts have you, about killing a man, who killed must be. Lúkr! Your father you must kill. Doubt do not, that an honorable name you shall win with the men of the Jedi Fjords forever. But the last Jedi Fjord Man you will be, when I am dead… though there was another child of Anakinn the Sky-walker.” With this Jódi died.
Jódi was placed in the mound which was prepared for him. He was laid in a ship in that mound, and much money and property was placed in the mound with him. Then the mound was sealed up.
Chapter 46: Concerning the Zombie of Víga-Óbívan
It has been told that when Víga-Óbívan dueled against Veidr, he died, but he sang that song which allowed him to live longer as an invisible zombie. But on that day when Jarl Jódi Gormóarson died, he showed himself to Lúkr.
“Víga-Óbívan,” said Lúkr, “Why did you never tell me that Veidr was my father? You told me that Veidr betrayed and killed my father.”
“What I told you,” said Víga-Óbívan, “Was true – from my point of view. After your father pledged himself to the service of King Falfadinn, he held his word to him, but to the family of the Jedi Fjords, which had fostered him, he was faithless. And so I counted the good man, who was your father, dead, and Veidr I counted as his killer. And I think that it is destined for you to avenge your father – even if you avenge the man on himself.”
“But he is still my father,” said Lúkr, “His blood is my own. I cannot believe that he is completely bad. To believe him to be beyond redemption, is to believe that I am, as well. For to whom is a good drengr more loyal than to his father?”
“Say the same thing about me,” said Víga-Óbívan, “For know that I myself swore an oath to avenge my father. And your father swore that same oath. I now crave satisfaction for your father’s oath from you. For indeed, to whom is agood drengr more loyal than to his father? And to his words? And to the words of his father? But your father lied, and he serves now the man who killed the man whom he swore to avenge.”
“If I kill him,” said Lúkr, “I kill the last kinsman left to me, and I become an outlaw in all lands. The praise of the Jedi Fjord family will mean little to me, since you are all dead. And I must believe that my father is in his right mind, and that he did what he did for a reason, though I may not know it. And it is said of old that,
“Two ravens make for home in the evening,
turn from the leavings of battle on the plain;
fearless unreconciled warriors
would seem wasted to them if left uneaten.”
“And yet,” continued Lúkr, “You and Jóði would rather that I feed my father to the ravens, than that I feed my father’s enemies thereto.”
“And yet you are either a traitor to your family,” said Víga-Óbívan, “Or to your words. Either way your father will certainly try to kill your sister, if you do not attack him.”
“Leia,” said Lúkr, “Is Leia my sister?”
“Certainly she is your sister,” said Víga-Óbívan, “And Dueling Hani, a strong man and a bold one, is your brother-in-law. Are you then without kin? Or do you think that you can belie your oath to him, when you told him that you sworn brothers would together destroy the second Daudastjarna, your father’s own ship, and take everything upon it as booty, or else perish in the attempt?”
“Certainly I do not,” said Lúkr.
“Then there is nothing else you can do,” said Víga-Óbívan, “It must go as it has been fated.”
Chapter 47: Concerning the Oaths of Lúkr Anakinsson and his Following
A little later Lúkr Anakinsson sailed to the Hebrides with Artú Dítússon. There he met Hani Sólósson and Landó Kalrisson, and to that meeting came also Leia King-killer, as well as Landó’s brother, Akbarr, whom men called the Squid, for he was a good sailor and pirate.
“It is to be expected,” said Landó, “That you all have heard tell: King Falfadinn is making a new Daudastjarna, bigger than its predecessor. The ship is still not complete, and sits in harbor in the Shetlands, where there is an island called Fetlar. The Norwegians raid there, and take all the food they get as provisions for their voyages. The Shetlanders who live there – men call them the Bear-folk, because in size and strength they resemble bears more than men – have made a wall across the island, and they in turn raid the Norwegians on the east side of the wall. Their chieftain is named Ívok of Endor; he is a man of noble lineage. But they need a larger force of arms.”
“And even were it not true, that these men who hate our enemies need help,” said Hani, “Still this would be true – that King Falfadinn himself is there, and with him is Veidr, the killer of Víga-Óbívan.”
Lúkr rose now and spoke: “Veidr is my father and has pledged himself to the king of Norway, but King Falfadinn is my enemy. Thus I swear this oath, that I shall have King Falfadinn driven out of his kingdom, before the third night of winter is passed, or else I shall have him killed and so have seized the kingdom for myself. And now, Hani, it is your turn,” said Lúkr, “And take care that you do not speak any less well than have I.”
Hani answered: “So it shall be, that I shall say something. I swear this oath, that I shall raid in the Shetlands before the third night of winter has passed, with whatever force I can gather, and I will have King Falfadinn chased out of the land or else killed. Otherwise my own corpse will rest in the Shetlands.”
Then Lúkr spoke: “This goes well, and this oath is well-sworn if you can fulfill it, and it is not the least manly thing you have done. We must accomplish well and manfully what we have sworn. Now it is your turn, Landó Kalrisson, to make an oath, and clearly it must be a manly one.”
Landó answered: “I have thought of an oath for myself. I swear this oath, that I will follow my brother Akbarr the Squid and never flee until our very ship sinks. But if we fight upon the land, then I swear this oath, that I shall never flee so long as my brother is in the fray with me and I can see his standard flying before me.” Akbarr the Squid agreed to this oath.
“You have spoken well,” said Lúkr, “And you will certainly fulfill your oath, as you are a good drengr. Now, Tsiubakka, it is your turn, and we know that you will have something very manful to say.”
“I swear this oath,” said Tsíubakka, and Thrípíó translated his words into Norse, “That I shall follow Hani, my comrade, in this journey, so long as I am a man and a drengr, and I shall not stop until fewer men stand than have fallen in the fray, and even then I shall continue to fight so long as Hani wills it.”
“It went as we expected,” said Lúkr, “You spoke extremely manfully.”
And when they were drinking the next day, Lúkr was exceedingly cheerful and enjoying himself very much. It so happened, that Lúkr told Landó that he would provide twenty ship whenever Landó was ready for this journey.
Landó answered: “This contribution is good… for a rich farmer. But is not a kingly contribution, and such a chieftain I reckon you now, and the son-in-law of Jarl Villardr of Shetland.”
Then Lúkr got a somewhat wolfish expression on his face, and he asked Landó: “How much do you think you would need, if you had such a large force as you wanted?”
“That is easily answered,” said Landó, “Sixty ships, all of them large and well-manned.”
Now Lúkr answered: “All of these ships shall be prepared, Landó, when you are ready for the journey. I shall have done what you ask of me.”
Chapter 48: Concerning the Preaching of Thrípíó Dítússon
The saga turns now to Veidr, who arrived at the new Daudastjarna. The sailor who was in charge of the builders greeted him well, and asked why he had come.
“I have come,” said Veidr, “To deliver to your ears the message of King Falfadinn – who is angry, because the ship has not been completed, and he is coming here as soon as he can, to make sure that the work is completed.”
“The king is coming here?”
“Certainly,” said Veidr, “And he is not so merciful as am I.”
Another sailor came forth and said that a ship had come which no man could recognize – “and they want to go to the other side of the island.”
“Did they know the password?” asked the first sailor.
“Yes, sir,” said the other, “Though it was an old password. Still, they were clad, like us, in white armor and helmets. The man who steers their ship spoke Norse like a Norwegian and not like a Shetlander or Icelander.”
“Let them sail on,” said Veidr, “And I myself will seek them on the island.”
“It has gone as I said,” said Hani, “We are free of them and can continue on to the island. There we can assemble the men of Ívok, and attack the Norwegian army from the land while Landó and the others attack by sea.”
“Still I fear,” said Lúkr Anakinsson, “That my father Veidr will know that I am with you, and will want to attack us first. He is a hard man and a good viking, unmerciful, yes, even to his own kinsmen.”
“Unmerciful? I have not heard ever before,” said Hani, “That Veidr offered anyone what he offered you. But how could he find us? You believe in too much, but so you were taught by Víga-Óbívan. Personally I just fear that Landó will destroy my ship, the Falcon.”
When they came to land, on that side of the island which Ívok of Endor and his men claimed, they saw nothing. They walked on a while, but then they were attacked by concealed men who shot arrows at them, and asked: “Who are these men who have come to our war-torn land? Speak up swiftly, or we shall kill you all, you servants of King Falfadinn.”
Lúkr asked, “Was a messenger ever sent here, to tell them of our purpose in coming?”
“Certainly men were sent,” said Hani, “But I don’t think any got here. And we are clad as Norwegian soldiers.”
But Thrípíó held forth his book called the Bible, and spoke in these words: “We do not serve King Falfadinn, whom we reckon as a false king. We serve rather the true king, who is called Jesus Christ, and lives in Rome.”
And then Thrípíó told of many miracles performed by Jesus Christ and his saints, and the Shetlanders, great men and very strong, wondered greatly at this Irish man and these words of his, and about this strong king who would strengthen them if they would only let go of their heathen gods and give all of their prayers to him. These men said that they would certainly take them to their chieftain, Ívok. Two men bore Thrípíó upon their shoulders, while the other bound Hani and Lúkr and the others, and led them forward.
“Thrípío, son of Dítú,” spoke Dueling-Hani, “I, Hani son of Sólo, swear this oath, that when my arms are free, I will challenge you to a duel, for you have told a lie about me. Otherwise you will be hated by all men. I would rather believe in Odin than in the White-Christ, though I think that the words of both have cheated men of their lives. A king and a god! – one needs the other. And you, Lúkr, you would like to believe in all gods, and to set yourself up as a king in Falfadinn’s stead.”
“Silence, Hani,” said Lúkr, “It is a lie which Thrípíó has spoken, but it has spared our lives.”
“So it begins,” said Hani, “Power, and faith, and lies, they are all branches in the same tree. But I choose none of them. I choose only this: To chop that tree down with my axe whenever I see it, even the smallest sprout of it. In a forest of such trees all light dwindles, and the ashes and elms wither.”
Chapter 49: Concerning the Last Meeting of Lúkr with His Father
It is now time to tell, that Thrípíó converted Ívok and his people to the Christian faith. And they would not endure that they should lose this precious messenger of the faith, and so Ívok forbade him to duel Hani on his island.
“The thing to do now,” said Ívok, “Is to render aid to Landó and the others when they attack the Norwegian fleet. Let us go! Let us go as soon as we can.” And all praised his words.
But Lúkr stood outside, and his face was grim. While those within shouted and clapped, he left, and alone he walked the path toward the hall which the Norwegians had erected near the Daudastjarna.
After Lúkr had walked a long time in the darkness on the path through the heath, he saw a shadow which stood before him, and the shadow was darker even than the night itself.
“Take my sword, father,” said Lúkr, “I will not fight you.” He handed his sword to Veiðr, and Veiðr grasped it slowly by the hilt.
Veiðr said, “It was my sword, when I was younger. When I was called Anakinn. Lightsaber the Green – certainly it is a good sword and a sharp one. But now I bear Lightsaber the Red, and it is sharper still, and that name Anakinn never did me any good.”
“It is still your true name,” said Lúkr.
But Veiðr became angry. “It is a name,” he said, “given to me by a slavewoman. The name Veiðr was the gift of a king, and that is worth three times as much.”
“Still I have heard,” said Lúkr, “That you killed more men in vengeance for that slavewoman than you have killed since, whether in the service of the Jedi Fjord Men or the king. And I believe that you are still the pride of our family – born as a slave on Iceland, but now become a friend of kings and a world-famous warrior. You do me honor to call me your son, and I will not betray my worthy father. Take me to your king – it is he who is my enemy.”
“He is my king,” said Veidr, “If you serve me as a child ought to serve his father, then he is your king also.”
“That could never be,” said Lúkr, “Even if I knew that my life depended on it. He is responsible for the death of Víga-Óbívan, and I am obliged to avenge him. He is also responsible for the death of Kvæggan, Víga-Óbívans father, and I have inherited from my father the obligation to avenge him.”
“Then your father is dead,” said Veidr, “If you have inherited this from him.”
“Certainly my father is dead,” said Lúkr, “If, rather than avenge the man who gave you freedom, you would kill your own son.”
“If that is your destiny,” said Veidr, “So be it. Better that the father should take such a life of misery upon himself, than condemn his son to it.”
Chapter 50: Concerning the Trap
The saga turns now to Landó and his men, who were in their ships, concealed in an inlet where they awaited a sign that Hani had begun his assault on the Daudastjarna from the island. Now they saw the fire which Hani had started; he wished to burn the Daudastjarna in the harbor before the Norwegian fleet could arrive. But there were many soldiers who protected that good ship.
“Weigh anchor!” said Landó. “Today we will destroy the Daudastjarna, and kill King Falfadinn.”
But as their ships passed the peninsula which had concealed them, they saw Norwegian ships, more than 190. These had been hidden as well, on the other side of this same peninsula.
“It’s a trap!” shouted Akbarr, whom men called the Squid. The Norwegian ships encircled them, and berserkers boarded Landó’s ship. It was a hard battle and a long one, but Akbarr the Squid fell. His brother Landó defended himself a long time with his sword, and all wondered at this man who defended himself so well even though so many attacked him. And yet everyone who came near to him in that battle thought that this one man was quite enough to deal with. It is said that at last one of the berserkers beheaded Landó, but it is the opinion of most men that there are few who have ever been Landó’s match for courage and fighting prowess.
Chapter 51: Concerning the Fall of Lúkr Anakinsson
When Veidr had taken Lúkr to the king on the Daudastjarna, and the three of them had witnessed from there the ambush and the hard naval battle that followed, the king turned to Lúkr and spoke: “It was I who contrived to draw my enemies here in order to destroy all of them in one blow. The North Atlantic now belongs to me alone; the chieftains who stood against me have come to me like sheep for the shearing. And the wool which I have sheared from them is nothing less than their very kingdoms!”
“You are overconfident,” said Lúkr, “and you are far too proud in this dishonorable way of killing men.”
“You are overconfident,” said the king, “and have too much faith if you believe that honorable men can become king. I would like to be both king and an honorable man, but those are two separate choices, and a man can only be one or the other. The one tree owns the space which it can shove the other out of, and so it is with men as well.”
“My father is not a man like you,” said Lúkr, “He is honorable, and would choose a good reputation over power.”
But the king laughed. “Then try this, boy – take your sword, which lies here next to my hand, and strike me down, me, the one who engineered the death of your friends, the Men of the Jedi Fjords, and see whether your father defends you or me!”
And Lúkr drew his sword, Lightsaber the Green, which lay next to the king, and raised it to strike the king. But Veidr’s sword, Lightsaber the Red, parried his blow.
Then Veidr and Lúkr fought, both of them with the greatest ferocity. It has never been said that there was any fault with the attack, or the defense, put up by either of them. Each cut frequently and hard for the other, and it seemed as if a great fire burned wherever their blades met. And then they began to fight so fiercely, that neither defended himself from the other, but rather cut as frequently and swiftly as possible, so that the very ship shook beneath them like a sail battered by wind. Men say that there has never been a more manly exchange of blows, that there has never been a fairer pair of weapons that crossed blades, that there has never been a more extraordinary fight, than that duel. But it ended in this way, that Veidr, whom men once called the Skywalker, slew his own son, Lúkr by name, who had also received the byname of Skywalker. Veidr was exceedingly badly wounded, and exhausted, and as he turned to where King Falfadinn sat, men say that his face was as waxen pale as a corpse’s.
Chapter 52: Concerning the Capture of Hani the Duelist
The saga tells now that Hani the Duelist and the men with him defended themselves well, until darkness fell, and by then they were all injured. The battle ended. Little was left of the day, and King Falfadinn thought it needless to travel to the land and kill these enemies of his who could not escape, and to kill a man at night is murder. Hani the Duelist and those of his companions who lived, bound their wounds and waited through the night.
And it is said that just before dawn, the king and his men went to land.
“Kill all of these men as swiftly as possible,” said the king. He had them bound and then beheaded, one after the other.
The last man who was led out to be beheaded was handsome and had handsome-looking hair. The king asked how this man had planned to see his life end. But the man answered: “I have lived very well, and I think it good to die with a good name; but shame has accrued to your name, and you will live forever with that shame and disgrace.”
“What is this handsome man named?” asked the king.
“My name is Hani. Some men call me Hani the Duelist.”
“Whose son are you, Hani?” asked the king. “Or of what kin are you?”
“Sóló was my father’s name,” he said, “And I am from a Norwegian family.”
“How old of a man are you?” asked the king.
“If I live through this coming winter, and return home to my wife Leia King-killer,” said Hani, “Then I shall be thirty-nine.”
“And you shall live through this coming winter,” said Veidr, “If I have any say in the matter, for I will not see this man killed.” The king agreed to this, saying that it behooved him to spare the life of such a handsome Norwegian man.
Chapter 53: Concerning the Fall of Anakinn the Sky-walker
Hani the Duelist returned to the Hebrides, and his return was greeted joyfully by his wife Leia King-killer. She gave birth to their first child the day after his arrival, and Hani sprinkled the boy with water and named him Anakinn.
“Why do you give him the name of our enemy, who killed our friend Lúkr?” asked Leia.
“Because he spared my life, and he was under no obligation to do so,” said Hani, “And it is not Anakinn, but Falfadinn and the Jedi Fjord Men – the seekers after power – who are rightly counted our enemies.”
“And you? What are you after? Vengeance for Lúkr?”
“No. I am after money,” said Hani. “What good is Veidr’s reward, if I’m not around to use it? And I cannot believe that any man is more miserable than Veidr already. Let our son bring some joy to that name.”
And when their son Anakinn Hanason was full-grown, he went raiding and became a wealthy man, and settled on Dagóba island in the Faroes near the farm where Jódi Gormóarson had once lived, and the mound where Jódi was buried.
And one evening Anakinn Hanason was outside on the south side of Jódi’s burial mound, and the moon shone bright. It seemed to Anakinn that the mound was open, and that Jódi was awake within it together with the zombie of Víga-Óbívan. They told him that Veidr was his mother’s father, and how Veidr had killed his own son Lúkr, and they urged Anakinn to avenge this kinsman of his.
And so Anakinn Hanason went secretly to Koruskantborg in Norway and got off his ship, and left his men to guard it. Then he went to the king’s estate and came to the hall where the king’s retainers drank. There he found an old man, frail-looking and sorrowful; this man did not drink, but rather sat on his stool and spoke this verse:
Anakinn Hanason asked the man why he was so unhappy.
The old man said, “Have you not heard? But you are a Hebridean, or perhaps Faroese, by the way you talk. My name is Anakinn, father of Lúkr – but most call me Veidi-Anakinn or Veidr, the Son-killer.”
“Then you are the man whom I’ve come here to kill,” said Anakinn Hanason, “For you slew my uncle Lúkr. I am named Anakinn, son of Hani.”
Veidr rose then and spoke: “If you are the son of Hani and Leia, then you are my grandson. I will not ask for you to spare my life, but hear me, please: You are my family, and I want my sword to stay in our family, the good sword which I bore, and which my dear son Lúkr bore after me -”
But Anakinn Hanason swung his axe and gave Veidr a deep cut in the shoulder. “Silence, you crafty Norwegian,” he said, “My uncle Lúkr believed your lies, and it cost him his life.”
Veidr spat blood; as he died, his white beard turned to red, and he spoke: “I was born without family, son of a slavewoman and a man who would not acknowledge me his son. And so I ought to have remained. Family is a weak tree, rotten and short-lived.” And there Veidr, or Anakinn the Sky-walker, died, and from his hand fell Lightsaber the Green. And we have not heard that there is more to tell of the saga of the people of the Tattúín River Valley.
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Letter to Joseph Johnston on Training Slaves to Fight for the Confederacy
Patrick Cleburne | January 2, 1864
Louis M.D. Guillaume. Major General Patrick R. Cleburne, 19th century. Oil on canvas. Public domain.
Civil War Era > Patrick Cleburne > Letter to Joseph Johnston on Training Slaves to Fight for the Confederacy
COMMANDING GENERAL, THE CORPS, DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENTAL COMMANDERS OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE:
GENERAL: Moved by the exigency in which our country is now placed, we take the liberty of laying before you, unofficially, our views on the present state of affairs. The subject is so grave, and our views so new, we feel it a duty both to you and the cause that before going further we should submit them for your judgment and receive your suggestions in regard to them. We therefore respectfully ask you to give us an expression of your views in the premises. We have now been fighting for nearly three years, have spilled much of our best blood, and lost, consumed, or thrown to the flames an amount of property equal in value to the specie currency of the world. Through some lack in our system the fruits of our struggles and sacrifices have invariably slipped away from us and left us nothing but long lists of dead and mangled. Instead of standing defiantly on the borders of our territory or harassing those of the enemy, we are hemmed in today into less than two-thirds of it, and still the enemy menacingly confronts us at every point with superior forces. Our soldiers can see no end to this state of affairs except in our own exhaustion; hence, instead of rising to the occasion, they are sinking into a fatal apathy, growing weary of hardships and slaughters which promise no results. In this state of things it is easy to understand why there is a growing belief that some black catastrophe is not far ahead of us, and that unless some extraordinary change is soon made in our condition we must overtake it. The consequences of this condition are showing themselves more plainly every day; restlessness of morals spreading everywhere, manifesting itself in the army in a growing disregard for private rights; desertion spreading to a class of soldiers it never dared to tamper with before; military commissions sinking in the estimation of the soldier; our supplies failing; our firesides in ruins. If this state continues much longer we must be subjugated. Every man should endeavor to understand the meaning of subjugation before it is too late. We can give but a faint idea when we say it means the loss of all we now hold most sacred—slaves and all other personal property, lands, homesteads, liberty, justice, safety, pride, manhood. It means that the history of this heroic struggle will be written by the enemy; that our youth will be trained by Northern school teachers; will learn from Northern school books their version of the war; will be impressed by all the influences of history and education to regard our gallant dead as traitors, our maimed veterans as fit objects for derision. It means the crushing of Southern manhood, the hatred of our former slaves, who will, on a spy system, be our secret police. The conqueror’s policy is to divide the conquered into factions and stir up animosity among them, and in training an army of negroes the North no doubt holds this thought in perspective. We can see three great causes operating to destroy us: First, the inferiority of our armies to those of the enemy in point of numbers; second, the poverty of our single source of supply in comparison with his several sources; third, the fact that slavery, from being one of our chief sources of strength at the commencement of the war, has now become, in a military point of view, one of our chief sources of weakness.
The enemy already opposes us at every point with superior numbers, and is endeavoring to make the preponderance irresistible. President Davis, in his recent message, says the enemy “has recently ordered a large conscription and made a subsequent call for volunteers, to be followed, if ineffectual, by a still further draft.” In addition, the President of the United States announces that “he has already in training an army of 100,000 negroes as good as any troops,” and every fresh raid he makes and new slice of territory he wrests from us will add to this force. Every soldier in our army already knows and feels our numerical inferiority to the enemy. Want of men in the field has prevented him from reaping the fruits of his victories, and has prevented him from having the furlough he expected after the last reorganization,, and when he turns from the wasting armies in the field to look at the source of supply, he finds nothing in the prospect to encourage him. Our single source of supply is that portion of our white men fit for duty and not now in the ranks. The enemy has three sources of supply: First, his own motley population; secondly, our slaves; and thirdly, Europeans whose hearts are fired into a crusade against us by fictitious pictures of the atrocities of slavery, and who meet no hindrance from their Governments in such enterprise, because these Governments are equally antagonistic to the institution. In touching the third cause, the fact that slavery has become a military weakness, we may rouse prejudice and passion, but the time has come when it would be madness not to look at our danger from every point of view, and to probe it to the bottom. Apart from the assistance that home and foreign prejudice against slavery has given to the North, slavery is a source of great strength to the enemy in a purely military point of view, by supplying him with an army from our granaries; but it is our most vulnerable point, a continued embarrassment, and in some respects an insidious weakness. Wherever slavery is once seriously disturbed, whether by the actual presence or the approach of the enemy, or even by a cavalry raid, the whites can no longer with safety to their property openly sympathize with our cause. The fear of their slaves is continually haunting them, and from silence and apprehension many of these soon learn to wish the war stopped on any terms. The next stage is to take the oath to save property, and they become dead to us, if not open enemies. To prevent raids we are forced to scatter our forces, and are not free to move and strike like the enemy; his vulnerable points are carefully selected and fortified depots. Ours are found in every point where there is a slave to set free. All along the lines slavery is comparatively valueless to ns for labor, but of great and increasing worth to the enemy for information. It is an omnipresent spy system, pointing out our valuable men to the enemy, revealing our positions, purposes, and resources, and yet acting so safely and secretly that there is no means to guard against it. Even in the heart of our country, where our hold upon this secret espionage is firmest, it waits but the opening fire of the enemy’s battle line to wake it, like a torpid serpent, into venomous activity.
In view of the state of affairs what does our country propose to do? In the words of President Davis “no effort must be spared to add largely to our effective force as promptly as possible. The sources of supply are to be found in restoring to the army all who are improperly absent, putting an end to substitution, modifying the exemption law, restricting details, and placing in the ranks such of the able-bodied men now employed as wagoners, nurses, cooks, and other employ’s, as are doing service for which the negroes may be found competent.” Most of the men improperly absent, together with many of the exempts and men having substitutes, are now without the Confederate lines and cannot be calculated on. If all the exempts capable of bearing arms were enrolled, it will give us the boys below eighteen, the men above forty-five, and those persons who are left at home to meet the wants of the country and the army, but this modification of the exemption law will remove from the fields and manufactories most of the skill that directed agricultural and mechanical labor, and, as stated by the President, “details will have to be made to meet the wants of the country,” thus sending many of the men to be derived from this source back to their homes again. Independently of this, experience proves that striplings and men above conscript age break down and swell the sick lists more than they do the ranks. The portion now in our lines of the class who have substitutes is not on the whole a hopeful element, for the motives that created it must have been stronger than patriotism, and these motives added to what many of them will call breach of faith, will cause some to be not forthcoming, and others to be unwilling and discontented soldiers. The remaining sources mentioned by the President have been so closely pruned in the Army of Tennessee that they will be found not to yield largely. The supply from all these sources, together with what we now have in the field, will exhaust the white race, and though it should greatly exceed expectations and put us on an equality with the enemy, or even give us temporary advantages, still we have no reserve to meet unexpected disaster or to supply a protracted struggle. Like past years, 1864 will diminish our ranks by the casualties of war, and what source of repair is there left us? We therefore see in the recommendations of the President only a temporary expedient, which at the best will leave us twelve months hence in the same predicament we are in now. The President attempts to meet only one of the depressing causes mentioned; for the other two he has proposed no remedy. They remain to generate lack of confidence in our final success, and to keep us moving down hill as heretofore. Adequately to meet the causes which are now threatening ruin to our country, we propose, in addition to a modification of the President’s plans, that we retain in service for the war all troops now in service, and that we immediately commence training a large reserve of the most courageous of our slaves, and further that we guarantee freedom within a reasonable time to every slave in the South who shall remain true to the Confederacy in this war. As between the loss of independence and the loss of slavery, we assume that every patriot will freely give up the latter—give up the negro slave rather than be a slave himself. If we are correct in this assumption it only remains to show how this great national sacrifice is, in all human probabilities, to change the current of success and sweep the invader from our country.
Our country has already some friends in England and France, and there are strong motives to induce these nations to recognize and assist us, but they cannot assist us without helping slavery, and to do this would be in conflict with their policy for the last quarter of a century. England has paid hundreds of millions to emancipate her West India slaves and break up the slave trade. Could she now consistently spend her treasure to reinstate slavery in this country? But this barrier once removed, the sympathy and the interests of these and other nations will accord with our own, and we may expect from them both moral support and material aid. One thing is certain, as soon as the great sacrifice to independence is made and known in foreign countries there will be a complete change of front in our favor of the sympathies of the world. This measure will deprive the North of the moral and material aid which it now derives from the bitter prejudices with which foreigners view the institution, and its war, if continued, will henceforth be so despicable in their eyes that the source of recruiting will be dried up. It will leave the enemy’s negro army no motive to fight for, and will exhaust the source from which it has been recruited. The idea that it is their special mission to war against slavery has held growing sway over the Northern people for many years, and has at length ripened into an armed and bloody crusade against it. This baleful superstition has so far supplied them with a courage and constancy not their own. It is the most powerful and honestly entertained plank in their war platform. Knock this away and what is left? A bloody ambition for more territory, a pretended veneration for the Union, which one of their own most distinguished orators (Doctor Beecher in his Liverpool speech)openly avowed was only used as a stimulus to stir up the anti-slavery crusade, and lastly the poisonous and selfish interests which are the fungus growth of the war itself. Mankind may fancy it a great duty to destroy slavery, but what interest can mankind have in upholding this remainder of the Northern war platform? Their interests and feelings will be diametrically opposed to it. The measure we propose will strike dead all John Brown fanaticism, and will compel the enemy to draw off altogether or in the eyes of the world to swallow the Declaration of Independence without the sauce and disguise of philanthropy. This delusion of fanaticism at an end, thousands of Northern people will have leisure to look at home and to see the gulf of despotism into which they themselves are rushing.
The measure will at one blow strip the enemy of foreign sympathy and assistance, and transfer them to the South; it will dry up two of his three sources of recruiting; it will take from his negro army the only motive it could have to fight against the South, and will probably cause much of it to desert over to us; it will deprive his cause of the powerful stimulus of fanaticism, and will enable him to see the rock on which his so called friends are now piloting him. The immediate effect of the emancipation and enrollment of negroes on the military strength of the South would be: To enable us to have armies numerically superior to those of the North, and a reserve of any size we might think necessary; to enable us to take the offensive, move forward, and forage on the enemy. It would open to us in prospective another and almost untouched source of supply, and furnish us with the means of preventing temporary disaster, and carrying on a protracted struggle. It would instantly remove all the vulnerability, embarrassment, and inherent weakness which result from slavery. The approach of the enemy would no longer find every household surrounded by spies; the fear that sealed the master’s lips and the avarice that has, in so many cases, tempted him practically to desert us would alike be removed. There would be no recruits awaiting the enemy with open arms, no complete history of every neighborhood with ready guides, no fear of insurrection in the rear, or anxieties for the fate of loved ones when our armies moved forward. The chronic irritation of hope deferred would be joyfully ended with the negro, and the sympathies of his whole race would be due to his native South. It would restore confidence in an early termination of the war with all its inspiring consequences, and even if contrary to all expectations the enemy should succeed in overrunning the South, instead of finding a cheap, ready-made means of holding it down, he would find a common hatred and thirst for vengeance, which would break into acts at every favorable opportunity, would prevent him from settling on our lands, and render the South a very unprofitable conquest. It would remove forever all selfish taint from our cause and place independence above every question of property. The very magnitude of the sacrifice itself, such as no nation has ever voluntarily made before, would appal our enemies, destroy his spirit and his finances, and fill our hearts with a pride and singleness of purpose which would clothe us with new strength in battle. Apart from all other aspects of the question, the necessity for more fighting men is upon us. We can only get a sufficiency by making the negro share the danger and hardships of the war. If we arm and train him and make him fight for the country in her hour of dire distress, every consideration of principle and policy demand that we should set him and his whole race who side with us free. It is a first principle with mankind that he who offers his life in defense of the State should receive from her in return his freedom and his happiness, and we believe in acknowledgment of this principle. The Constitution of the Southern States has reserved to their respective governments the power to free slaves for meritorious services to the State. It is politic besides. For many years, ever since the agitation of the subject of slavery commenced, the negro has been dreaming of freedom, and his vivid imagination has surrounded that condition with so many gratifications that it has become the paradise of his hopes. To attain it he will tempt dangers and difficulties not exceeded by the bravest soldier in the field. The hope of freedom is perhaps the only moral incentive that can be applied to him in his present condition. It would be preposterous then to expect him to fight against it with any degree of enthusiasm, therefore we must bind him to our cause by no doubtful bonds; we must leave no possible loophole for treachery to creep in. The slaves are dangerous now, but armed, trained, and collected in an army they would be a thousand fold more dangerous: therefore when we make soldiers of them we must make free men of them beyond all question, and thus enlist their sympathies also. We can do this more effectually than the North can now do, for we can give the negro not only his own freedom, but that of his wife and child, and can secure it to him in his old home. To do this, we must immediately make his marriage and parental relations sacred in the eyes of the law and forbid their sale. The past legislation of the South concedes that large free middle class of negro blood, between the master and slave, must sooner or later destroy the institution. If, then, we touch the institution at all, we would do best to make the most of it, and by emancipating the whole race upon reasonable terms, and within such reasonable time as will prepare both races for the change, secure to ourselves all the advantages, and to our enemies all the disadvantages that can arise, both at home and abroad, from such a sacrifice. Satisfy the negro that if he faithfully adheres to our standard during the war he shall receive his freedom and that of his race. Give him as an earnest of our intentions such immediate immunities as will impress him with our sincerity and be in keeping with his new condition, enroll a portion of his class as soldiers of the Confederacy, and we change the race from a dreaded weakness to a position of strength.
Will the slaves fight? The helots of Sparta stood their masters good stead in battle. In the great sea fight of Lepanto where the Christians checked forever the spread of Mohammedanism over Europe, the galley slaves of portions of the fleet were promised freedom, and called on to fight at a critical moment of the battle. They fought well, and civilization owes much to those brave galley slaves. The negro slaves of Saint Domingo, fighting for freedom, defeated their white masters and the French troops sent against them. The negro slaves of Jamaica revolted, and under the name of Maroons held the mountains against their masters for 150 years; and the experience of this war has been so far that half-trained negroes have fought as bravely as many other half-trained Yankees. If, contrary to the training of a lifetime, they can be made to face and fight bravely against their former masters, how much more probable is it that with the allurement of a higher reward, and led by those masters, they would submit to discipline and face dangers.
We will briefly notice a few arguments against this course. It is said Republicanism cannot exist without the institution. Even were this true, we prefer any form of government of which the Southern people may have the molding, to one forced upon us by a conqueror. It is said the white man cannot perform agricultural labor in the South. The experience of this army during the heat of summer from Bowling Green, Ky., to Tupelo, Miss., is that the white man is healthier when doing reasonable work in the open field than at any other time. It is said an army of negroes cannot be spared from the fields. A sufficient number of slaves is now administering to luxury alone to supply the place of all we need, and we believe it would be better to take half the able bodied men off a plantation than to take the one master mind that economically regulated its operations. Leave some of the skill at home and take some of the muscle to fight with. It is said slaves will not work after they are freed. We think necessity and a wise legislation will compel them to labor for a living. It is said it will cause terrible excitement and some disaffection from our cause. Excitement is far preferable to the apathy which now exists, and disaffection will not be among the fighting men. It is said slavery is all we are fighting for, and if we give it up we give up all. Even if this were true, which we deny, slavery is not all our enemies are fighting for. It is merely the pretense to establish sectional superiority and a more centralized form of government, and to deprive us of our rights and liberties. We have now briefly proposed a plan which we believe will save our country. It may be imperfect, but in all human probability it would give us our independence. No objection ought to outweigh it which is not weightier than independence. If it is worthy of being put in practice it ought to be mooted quickly before the people, and urged earnestly by every man who believes in its efficacy. Negroes will require much training; training will require time, and there is danger that this concession to common sense may come too late.
P. R. Cleburne, major-general, commanding division;
D. C. Govan, brigadier-general;
John E. Murray, colonel Fifth Arkansas;
G. F. Baucum, colonel Eighth Arkansas;
Peter Snyder, lieutenant-colonel, commanding Sixth and Seventh Arkansas;
E. Warfield, lieutenant-colonel, Second Arkansas;
M. P. Lowrey, brigadier-general;
A. B. Hardcastle, colonel Thirty-second and Forty-fifth Mississippi;
F. A. Ashford, major Sixteenth Alabama;
John W. Colquitt, colonel First Arkansas;
Rich. J. Person, major Third and Fifth Confederate;
G. S. Deakins, major Thirty-fifth and Eighth Tennessee;
J. H. Collett, captain, commanding Seventh Texas;
J. H. Kelly, brigadier-general, commanding Cavalry Division.
Source: Official Records of the War of the Rebellion.
Number of Slaves in the Territory Enumerated, 1790 to 1850
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Report on the Battles of Lexington and Concord in an Excerpt of a Letter to the Earl of Dartmouth
The Educational and Industrial Emancipation of the Negro
Excerpt from Broadcast on Radio Peking
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