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Maintenant: Seeing the Untouchable, Touching the Unseen
We can say . . . of time . . . that it is the whole of relations.
—Gilles Deleuze (1986, 10)
A cinematic screen is filled with the image of my hands conducting, caught from above and behind my left shoulder. The motion and the touch of my hands captivate as they reach out into the blackness of empty space to make visible the materiality of sound as I sculpt and shape the evolving music. The image of sculptor Joël Prévost’s hands appear deeply immersed in the sensuality of their touch as his fingers probe what lies hidden beneath the surface of his clay. It is an unexpected pairing—music and sculpture—yet, centre stage at a slightly forward angle, Prévost’s finished sculpture of my hands, suspended in motion, draws the images together. Its form as sculpture speaks to the fleetingness of the unfolding moment and its longevity as a present grasped. The play between the sculpture and the images, the fleetingness and the grasping, points to the image of the hand that holds time embodied in the roots of the French word for now, main-tenant. This exposition explores the transformational power of the moment in all its temporal complexity.
The project stems from the long-standing gap between knowledge about music and that garnered through its embodied experience in the moment. Driven by a definition of music as a temporal art, the gap has framed listening as a function of the ear alone. Deleuze (2004, 73), however, argues “even in the joining of sensations . . . there is resonance.” Hearing has a tactile dimension. Touch is also a movement, a gesture through which one situates or places oneself in relationship to an evolving whole; and, as both a touching and being touched by, it “necessarily constitute[s] couplings of sensation. . . . [that] produce resonance” (ibid., 66). Prévost’s sculpture of my hands, made while I conducted, allowed me to cultivate these relationships and marry my own touch and hearing to the tactility of the sculpting clay to make visible the thought—the grasping—that had been hitherto hidden in my gestures.
These couplings also make tangible the “invisible,” “insensible,” “dark precursor” that precipitates the paradigmatic transformations of sudden flashes of creative insight. As in a developing variation, the multi-sensory, temporal, and spatial possibilities of film are used in combination with the sculpture onstage continually to “look again,” each time from a different perspective. Enhanced through a kinaesthetic memory invoked by my (live) voice, the ensuing rub of sight, sound, motion, stillness, past and present, spawns the echoes from which Michel Serres (1995, 119) argues time itself is born. My hands are constantly “re-membered,” as echoes, many “unheard” and seemingly without a past, become an opening to the future. Time itself is set in motion and sound renews Deleuze’s concept of touch. The exposition unfolds around Pászti Miklòs’s Fekete Lány and is based on a poem by Federico García Lorca originally “found” through gestures of the hand.
Web: eleanorstubley.com; joelaprevost.com
Brunner, Christopher. 2013. “Affective Timing and Non-sensuous Perception in Differential Media,” Simondon and Digital Culture Conference, Leuphana University.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1986. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
—. 2004. Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. Translated by Daniel W. Smith. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Serres, Michel. 1995. Genesis. Translated by Geneviève James and James Nielson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Music in Transit: An Interactive Interview With Juliana Hodkinson
In the past, the conference format has enforced a separation between the concert hall and the presentation stage, and hence also between the composer, performer, and researcher; however, as those involved in music are surely aware, the fluidity between these roles—the many hats of musicking—can overwhelmingly complicate such clear-cut divisions. Given the new possibilities of distributing audio (digitally and even wirelessly), a musical analysis could plausibly be heard simultaneously with the very music it seeks to explore; such is the aim of this performance-presentation.
Juliana Hodkinson describes her compositional practice as a kind of sonic writing that oscillates between musical notation, composition for instruments and extramusical objects, and the creation of digital audio. Milk and metal, bells and drums, toys and politicians, silence and noise, news media and field recordings, strings and winds: pointillist references that lead the compositional work away from the limited signifying economy of internal ontological coherence toward an aesthetic of proliferating and dynamically emerging sonic and multi-sensorial contexts. Martin Heidegger (1971, 152) once said, “A boundary is not that at which something stops but, as the Greeks recognized, the boundary is that from which something begins its presencing.” Like a film or skin, this mesh is porous, and in the post-digital age such boundaries need not adjoin one another, but might interlope ectopically, anachronistically, or multiplicitously across a non-Euclidean diorama of extending plateaus.
Whereas a traditional interview may extract music from its placial situation, this performance-presentation constitutes the typical texts of music’s reception synchronically within a given performative space. Seeking to coalesce traditional research practices with current compositional technologies, this “interactive interview” between musicologist and music theorist Danielle Sofer and composer and musicologist Juliana Hodkinson begins with a spoken dialogue of prepared interview materials, including excerpts from texts by Deleuze and/or Guattari and Erin Manning. In the course of the work, this prepared format becomes increasingly interposed by musical and verbal interference. Set up in this way, artistic practice seemingly causes the object of research to fissure, erupt, and escape those who study it, thus replicating the archaeological habits of research more accurately than a traditional conference presentation. Blurring the walls of the concert hall with the boundaries of “transitive places” in a much broader context, our collage locates itself within the delineated territories of Hodkinson’s recent compositions to create a transverse quilt of mix-matched identities, many parts of which are nominally fixed but which in their performance/recitation remain at once analogically open.
Heidegger, Martin. 1971. “Building Dwelling Thinking.” In Poetry, Language, Thought, translated by Albert Hofstadter, 141–60. New York: HarperCollins.
Repeat, Please: An Experience of Creation
In this presentation, we outline a creative experiment organised by the Ornata group and carried out during the course “The Body, Memory and Becoming: Encounters and Vestiges of Art Jewellery” by art students of the Institute of Arts, State University of Campinas. Ornata is a group of teachers and researchers that runs courses and workshops for art students and employs a teaching methodology that seeks to deconstruct preconceived meanings of jewellery. By drawing attention to its symbolic potentiality, as a sign of power associated with the body, it posits jewellery as a potent medium for artistic creation, an individual and social object able to mediate or interrogate relationships of desire, power, and memory.
The methodology developed by Ornata is informed by Deleuze and Guattari; in the course, the guiding principles were the theorists’ concepts of “becoming” and “difference and repetition” and the relationship of these concepts to memory. The goal was to create an object in which the concept of “Becoming” is manifested, materialised, and produced through the body and for the body. We started from the notion of duration, in which being is conceived as an overlap, as a continuous construction in which past and present contract. As a strategy, we suggested to the students a procedure to produce something so that the body could evoke and/or invoke the concepts of becoming, and difference and repetition. We decided to highlight how time could be made tangible through the body by using the voice. We asked the students to repeat poems or extracts for ten consecutive days and record them. Through this procedure, the transformed speech gives rise to a word that would in turn be translated into an object.
The stages of the exercise were to select poems or extracts from Ana Cristina Cesar (a Brazilian poet) on the basis of a possible relationship found by the teacher between the poem and the student who recites it. Students were instructed to repeat these poems for ten consecutive days, recited at least twice a day. The reading should be governed by the way the text resonates with the student and not by its interpretation. Only the recording of the voice interests us, and the recordings must be posted on the group’s Facebook page every day.
After ten days, we collectively listened to the recordings—only the first and last—to compare the transformations over time and we compiled keywords that expressed the difference in utterance between each student’s first and last recording. The results were discussed among the group and two verbs that reflected the change in utterance (conjugated in the present continuous) were suggested, for example, “swallowing.” The students were asked to use the concept of translation (explored in previous exercises) to make an object for the body related to the verbs identified in the process, but not by making a representation. The guidelines for developing the piece were to think where in the body the object would be placed and what materials would better translate this action.
The objects presented showed unusual connections afforded by the choice of materials and the way they were worked. The relationship between the objects and the body was also unexpected. Thus, the unusual combination of different artistic and material languages, together with the methodological approach described above, set in motion a creative situation that contributed to foster imagination and to stimulate creation.
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Dark Shadows Every Day
The 1960s vampire soap opera, one episode a day.
Best of DS Every Day
Episode 1123: Jay-Z
February 3, 2018 Gordon Russell, October 1970hypnosis, newspaper, the headDanny Horn
“Tonight I have finally met the man I am going to kill.”
He is the greatest single threat that the Collins family has ever encountered, the Big Bad magnified to the status of Big Worst. He is the man behind the curtain that you should not pay attention to, because if you get close, he’ll sear the flesh from your bones with the cleansing power of his unending hatred for everything in the universe, up to and including you.
The Catholic Church hated him so much that they murdered him, and then put his head on public display, so that everyone would know the true face of evil. And even his head — now stored in a see-through Tupperware container and hidden behind the draperies in the very room where you currently stand — even his head has the power to screw up your afternoon to a pretty devastating extent.
At least, that’s what I’m told. For all I know, this refugee from the antiques roadshow is just another dime-store decapitation, cluttering up the credenza.
But the severed head of 17th-century warlock Judah Zachery must have some kind of imponderable powers, because it was looking right at Desmond before he took a nap on the couch, and Desmond woke up with the explicit sensation that the head had been talking to him. “You must help me!” said the head. “You will help me!” This is what comes from making friends with the decor.
Staggering to the knickknack shelf, Desmond growls, “Where did that voice come from? Was it yours? Or my own? Or did I imagine it all?”
And the head just closes its eyes and pretends to be asleep, which is unbelievably rude. This thing really is evil, after all.
And right in the middle of their conversation, Desmond’s mother comes in and finds him chatting up the collectibles, which is super embarrassing. Honestly, mothers should never come into any room; all it does is spread ruin and despair. Mothers are fine where they are; my advice to mothers is to stay put and try not to cause a scene.
But no, Flora wants to know a) why he’s uncovered their evil housepet, b) why he’s not hanging out with his friend Quentin anymore, and c) whether he’s interested in any girls these days. These questions all have the same answer, namely: the displaced head of Judah Zachery. It’s never easy to discover that your only son is dating a 17th-century warlock, but this is the inevitable consequence of mothers on the move.
So there’s a couple moments where some stray remark triggers a little Jay-Z outburst, like when Flora says that Quentin is Desmond’s best friend, and Desmond growls, “An outcast has no friends!” And then when Flora mentions that everyone thought Quentin was dead, he snarls, “I kept telling them! Death was an extension of life! I kept telling them that!”
So, yeah, this is going to be one of those stories where someone is clearly slipping into being possessed by evil spirits, and they know it, but they refuse to tell anyone. We’ve seen a lot of these in Dark Shadows, most recently with Hallie and David getting possessed by the spirits of Carrie and Tad. I’m sorry to invoke the H-word again, and I know that period of our lives is over, but that’s essentially what’s going on here.
As soon as we see these first signs — an invocation in a dream, stray remarks tumbling from someone else’s lips — we know perfectly well where this is leading. There’ll be some solo investigation scenes, a couple of worried thinks monologues, two or three signs of token resistance, and then something terrible happens.
So here we go again, with Desmond this time. He’s received the old man’s warning, he’s had the dream, and he has every reason to reach out for help, but every time he has the opportunity to come clean, he chuckles and lies and refuses to do anything sensible. It’s one of those.
In fact, we might as well rope in another harbinger, while we’re at it. Ben already tried to warn Desmond about the head, but he’s dead now, so Daniel steps up and does some harbinging of his own.
Daniel: Ben’s death was very similar to those Bedford atrocities! And the strange thing was, that Ben spoke to me that very day about the mysterious decapitated, disembodied head that played such a prominent part in the Bedford affair.
Desmond: Tell me what happened in Bedford.
Daniel: It was in 1803 — yes, in the fall of the year. I’d just turned twenty. The murders occurred within a short span of time. Each victim was found decapitated!
So there you have it, it’s all the evidence that Desmond really needs. There are atrocities headed our way, and he’s got an evil disembodied head under glass. Come on, man, it’s dangerous; just throw it in the wood chipper and let’s move on.
Still, they’re doing a nice job with the atmosphere, and they’re moving fairly quickly from one stage to the next. Before you know it, Desmond’s down at the newspaper office, checking out some 1803 editions.
“The Strange Case of the Pagan Head!” Desmond reads. “Otis Greene, the man of mystery, today caused a furor in the county courthouse. Mr. Greene insisted the state imprison him for dealing with the Devil’s son, and for the adoration of a pagan head.”
This is pretty much a newspaper horoscope column as far as Desmond is concerned, a little glimpse of his personal future if he keeps on the track that he’s currently speeding down. Desmond, honey, listen: Otis Greene is not a role model. I know that he sounds cool — “man of mystery” and all — but there’s more to life than causing furors.
Then it’s back to Daniel for an extra shot of harbinge. A couple scenes ago, Daniel said his memory was hazy, but once Desmond feeds him the name Otis Greene, he pops out with the whole story.
Greene confessed to four murders, apparently, and said he’d been forced into it by a mysterious disembodied head, which by the way it’s now in your house, feeding off your life essence. Once Greene was imprisoned, his handyman stole the head and lit out for the Far East in a schooner, and was found a year later in Macau with his throat cut. Daniel’s grasp of the facts is remarkable; I don’t know a thing about what’s happening in Macau.
And look at Desmond’s little face, when he finds out that Otis Greene was released from the asylum and still lives in the area. He’s starstruck, like a Pagan Head fan who can’t believe he might have the chance to meet a quadruple murderer. This is what happens when you read the newspaper; the whole show is just one life lesson after another these days.
So that’s our story at the moment, a bit of Hammer horror plunked down in the middle of the living room. We gaze into the abyss, and it gazes right back at us, before introducing a few words from our sponsors. “You must buy Nabisco Spoon Size Shredded Wheat!” says the head. “You will buy Nabisco Spoon Size Shredded Wheat!” And he’s right, we probably will.
Tomorrow: We Had Faces.
If you want to know what else I’ve been up to lately, here’s the video for a talk I gave last week. It’s called “The Mickey Mouse Watch and a History of Things in General,” and it presents some original research on the Mickey Mouse watch and its notability, including a discussion of dolls, ashtrays, the Great Depression, disco, department stores, Santa Claus, astronauts, the gas crisis, the importance of the nose-to-ear ratio, and the nature of time.
Dark Shadows bloopers to watch out for:
When Flora enters at the beginning of act 1, the boom mic follows her into the shot.
There’s a hair on the establishing shot of the sunrise in act 2.
Desmond tells Daphne, “I’m doing some reachsearch.”
Desmond asks Daphne for the newspapers from October 1803. She turns around and looks in a chest of drawers immediately behind the desk, goes into the third drawer and pulls out what appears to be three newspapers. Do they only publish three papers a month? And why would you need 37 year old newspapers within easy reach of the main desk?
When Desmond sits down to read the newspapers, his coat catches on the back of the chair.
Desmond signs for the decades-old archive newspapers, then folds them under his arm as he heads for the door. No wonder they don’t have a lot of newspapers in the drawer!
At the beginning of act 4, Flora is hoarse when she greets Daphne, and she has to clear her throat several times during the scene.
When Flora tells Desmond, “You don’t know how much Gerard has taught me,” it sounds like she’s saying Jared.
Flora tells Quentin, “Someone you love has died, Quentin! Has someone you’d known died recently?” Quentin says, “Of course not,” but Ben died just last week. Sure, Quentin didn’t love Ben, but you’d think they’d mention it.
Behind the Scenes:
The set for the Collinsport Star office was first used in episode 26, as the Collinsport Sheriff’s office.
Dark Shadows episode guide
— Danny Horn
← Episode 1122: The Lost World Episode 1124: We Had Faces →
23 thoughts on “Episode 1123: Jay-Z”
a bit of Hammer horror
DS’s colorful period horror tends towards the Hammeresque, but if we assume they’re lifting the evil-disembodied-head-possesses-the-good element from 1958’s “The Thing That Couldn’t Die” then we’re squarely back in Universal Horror territory here.
Sandye McCleskey says:
I fully agree “the thing that couldn’t die” 1958 came to mind. Their head was a devil worshipper from the same century as Judah Zackary. ..possessed the same evil powers that influenced others, to do bad things included an innocent girl with ESP and a dooser water witch abilities. Great flick!
Oh, yeah! And when he talked, his lips moved but no sound came out because he didn’t have a throat! It was super-creepy!
David Edelstein says:
One of my absolute faves. Another severed head in a glass case movie came later, ’65 or ’66, The Frozen Dead with Dana Andrews as a scientist in league with Nazis who cuts off the head of his daughter’s best friend and wires it up to a wall of disembodied arms. I liked it! The head was all over the print ads so I bet Dan Curtis registered it.
John E Comelately says:
And (yes, I WILL keep mentioning it) – 1962’s “The Brain That Couldn’t Die”, with ‘Jan In The Pan’ and her awesome psionic abilities.
I actually forgot about “The Frozen Dead” having (yet another) severed head; I always felt badly for Dana Andrews, doing that schlock after all the roles he’d done in Hollywood. Felt the same about Cameron Mitchell doing “Nightmare In Wax”. Oh, well, it WAS a paycheck, but still…
Desmond took How to Get Ahead in Plot Developments a little too far. Petofi has had a hand in that sort of thing.
Inirat says:
Danny I really love your talk about Mickey Mouse, I wouldn’t watch something like that normally but I really loved watching it with my mum and cat.
Robert Sharp says:
The green flag. Remember the green flag? Well forget it! It won’t be on the 1840 test.
Nor will the pirates. Or zombies come to think of it. You’d better have brushed up on 1795, because Quentin is about to go through a witch trial of a time.
NO green flag,
NO pirates (alive or dead),
NO dead Carrie (though we can still hold some hope),
NO Stairway Through Time;
why were we doing the 1970 haunting thing again? I bet it was an
ad campaign for Glade Lilac Air Freshener…
and this new storyline is just Proctor & Gamble trying to promote
new Head & Shoulders Shampoo. (No, wait, they’d have used a head
with hair (and shoulders) – maybe Vicks Sinex Nasal Spray?)
And in 1970, the Java Queen was just a plug for Folger’s coffee. Ru Paul was supposed to play a young coffee-drinking zombie pirate, but couldn’t make it.
Daniel’s “hazy” memory coupled with a remarkable recollection of things in the distant past is actually pretty commonplace in real life among the quite elderly. It’s a very common phenomenon that they may not remember, say, where they placed their house keys or what they had for dinner the night before, but they can remember with crystal clarity, in great detail, specific events that had occurred 60 or 70 years before. So the DS writers may be pretty spot-on with that one.
It’s like this.
All your life, when your brain is new like a brand new computer, you can store unending memory.
Near the end, your capacity is near full.
You can’t delete the old, but space for the new is limited.
If you try to store the new, there is only a little space for it.
A new memory, like, did I take that pill? gets pushed out.
For….did I turn out the light,
Or did I eat lunch, or did I get the mail, or the newspaper. Only a hint of space remains.
But Mom is 95. She will tell you stories. But she has to resort to notes on paper post-its to know what she did 5 seconds ago. But she’ll tell you about The Depression with great detail that does not fail in every detail.
Boy, does she remember. And you wonder how.
And, shit. That will be ME?
Daniel is spot-on. He’s not crazy. He lives in the past. They all do.
For them, living in the present….is crazy.
For them, sleep is the only peace.
PrisoneroftheNight says:
Daniel says that he turned 20 in 1803. But he was just 10 when Millicent brought him to the original Collinwood in 1795. Or was it 1796? Or 1797?
Blame it on Alzheimers (the writer’s, not Daniel’s).
I just watched Millicent’s first episode, and Joshua says Daniel is nine, nearly ten.
There must be something in the Collinsport water supply that causes dyscalculia.
Samantha Harris says:
Do any of you remember the title of the Brit horror film where a crippled bar maid is bullied by 3 young (I guess wealthy) male customers who end up killing her boyfriend when he tries to intervene? In her grief, she drowns herself – but comes back to life as a beautiful blonde who systematically takes revenge on her tormenters. It’s near the end of the film when we see that she has her murdered boyfriend’s head and that he/it is giving her instructions!
I’m not sure if it’s a Hammer film or not.
It is Hammer. It’s Frankenstein Created Women starring Peter Cushing as the Baron. The title is a takeoff on And God Created Women obviously but what no one but me ever mentions is that it’s also Hammer’s My Fair Lady. Frankenstein is Higgins, the girl he “creates” and tutors is Eliza, and there’s even a Pickering character. She commits suicide when her boyfriend is framed for the murder of her dad and guillotined. Frankenstein transplants her boyfriend’s “soul” (which he scientifically isolates) into her body and so they have a kind of fusion. She carries his head around in a basket. After he tells her she has done a good job killing the aristocratic punks who framed him for murder, she throws herself off a cliff and Frankenstein walks away, sadly–another failed creation. Good movie!
Ooh, that one’s definitely going on the list! I thought I’d seen all of Hammer’s Frankenstein films, but I missed that one. See, that’s what I get for not using Wikipedia enough.
Thanks David. I haven’t seen that movie since I was a teenager but it obviously made an impression.
Since I wouldn’t know JayZ if he stood up in my soup, would someone please define “JayZ outburst” for me?
Danny Horn says:
In this context, Jay-Z is Judah Zachery. 🙂
Episode 1170: This Place Is Not a Place of Honor
Episode 1169: This Wonderful Little Gathering
Episode 1168: How I Long to Be Wrong
Episode 1167: The English Way of Death
Episode 1166: The Proceedings
backacting
fridspeak
gunplay
make a friend
narrative collision
police futility
satan's favorite tv show
WATCH DARK SHADOWS on Amazon Prime, Hulu Plus and YouTube!
AMAZON PRIME has every episode of Dark Shadows available for streaming!
HULU PLUS currently has the first two DVD collections (episodes 210-290) available for streaming, as well as a rotating set of five sets of 40 episodes. It looks like they're only licensed to have a certain number of episodes up at one time, so periodically, they take down some sets and put up another batch.
YOUTUBE is offering every Dark Shadows episode for pay-per-episode. Individual episodes are $2, or you can get 40-episode sets for $1 per episode.
© Danny Horn and Dark Shadows Every Day, 2013. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Danny Horn and Dark Shadows Every Day with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
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Disaster (29)
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Resources for Outside Resources
Homepage for the American Immigration Council, an organization which advocates for immigrants rights and serves as a watchdog group for injustices and illegal persecution of immigrants in the United States.
ACLU - Immigrants' RIghts
Link to the American Civil Liberties Union webpage focused on Immigrants' legal rights in the United States, as well as including testimonials and resources for those researching immigration issues in the US.
What Reporters Need to Know about Interviewing Trauma Survivors
Information from the National Veterans Legal Services Programs on interviewing veterans with PTSD and other trauma victims. Includes links to other resources.
Intimate Partner Violence Facts & Resources
Fact sheet and information from the American Psychological Association on intimate partner violence. Includes a downloadable PDF version.
New Frontiers in Newsgathering
A study of correspondents using chat apps to cover political unrest.
What is PTSD? - U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs National Center for PTSD
Information from the U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs National Center for PTSD on the causes, effects, and treatments of PTSD. Includes a downloadable PDF version of the report.
Information on depression and its treatments from the American Psychological Association.
Under Threat: The Changing State of Media Safety
A 12-part report from the International News Safety Institute.
Disaster Action Guide: Reflections on Personal Experience of Disaster
This guide was written by members of Disaster Action, who are survivors and bereaved people from disasters including the Zeebrugge ferry sinking, King’s Cross underground fire, Lockerbie aircraft bombing, Hillsborough football stadium tragedy, Marchioness riverboat sinking, Dunblane shootings, Southall and Ladbroke Grove train crashes, the September 11th attacks, the South East Asian Tsunami and the Bali, London and Sharm El Sheikh bombings.
Disaster Action Guide: Personal Reflections and Guidelines for Interviewers
This Disaster Action guide provides tips for journalists, researchers and university students on approaching victims and survivors of disaster, as well as advice for those who are approached for interviews.
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Category: Torah
January 2, 2020 January 3, 2020 David PorushLeave a comment
רַב עוֹד־יוֹסֵף בְּנִי חָי (Gen 45:28)
The story of Joseph and his brothers is one of the most novelistic passages in the Bible, filled with hidden motives, deep emotion, staged revelations, ambiguous plots and a happy – if portentous – ending. After Joseph finally reunites with the eleven brothers in Egypt after their kabuki, he can’t wait to see his father, so he sends his brothers back to fetch him.
The Bible lavishes ten verses on Pharaoh’s and Joseph’s eagerness to get all of the Hebrews to Egypt. They load donkeys and wagons with clothing and goods and gold to bring back the families and Joseph’s father, Jacob.
To sweeten the deal, they reserve the fattest part of Egypt to settle the whole tribe when they come – the land of Goshen down river towards the Nile delta where the soil is rich. We can spend a lot of time delving all their motives. The plain sense is that Joseph wants to see his father and secure the future of his family in Egypt, especially as they face a famine in Canaan also. Pharaoh is all too eager to secure the permanent service of his magical CEO Joseph and, perhaps, genuinely wants him to be completely comfortable. But we know how that goes for the Hebrews. We read the scene a little like a horror story when we know the ghost is lurking in the closet and we want to shout to the characters, “No! Don’t!”
Nonetheless, when the brothers return to Canaan and tell Jacob the good news, his “heart goes numb.” The brothers give him CPR with reassurances, Joseph’s fabulous story, and showing him the wealth Joseph sent. When Jacob sees all the stuff and hears their story, his first reaction is, “רַב עוֹד־יוֹסֵף בְּנִי חָי.”
The Hebrew has so much feeling and hidden meaning it should be a song, maybe a Jewish anthem, and I want to pay it tribute. While the usual translation captures the sense – “Enough! My son Joseph still lives!” – the poetry and depth is lost. The Hebrew eye might immediately notice the repetition of three words for abundance in a row:
rav רַב – is translated as an exclamation “enough,” but it really means much, many, great
ohd, עוֹד – an adverb that seems to modify “live” as in “Joseph still lives” but beyond continuance (still) also implies besides, again, more and directly modifies Joseph as in “more (still, yet) Joseph …”
Yosef – יוֹסֵף – Joseph’s name is prophetic. It means He will add.
Together the three words express “much more greater enlargement.” This is gobbledygook, but it seems to be calling for our attention.
Much more greater enlargement
Jacob knows the wagons are symbolic of Joseph’s essence and exclaims it. His favorite son’s very presence, even as a young boy, seems to make life bigger and more extravagant. His lavish coat is just outward expression of his unrestrained charisma. He brings fantastic dreams to life and they become true. Joseph’s whole life is the story of bursting the bounds of one adversity after another: snake-filled pits, slavery, jail, marooned in a strange country. Everywhere he goes, he expands the borders of life itself. He brings fabulous fantasies into reality. He is the source of survival and abundance for his adopted nation, Egypt, and his own tribe, the Hebrews. The wagonloads of goodies symbolize his lavish success.
Jacob evokes this enlargement of reality that Joseph brings to the world: “My son adds so much more life.” Jacob sees the spiritual reality, not the material illusion. He isn’t swayed by the lavish riches in front of him. He’s not toting up the wealth in front of his earthly senses, but what it evokes in his heart. He is rich in material things, but the loss of his beloved son has dug a pit of loss in his soul.
And then, in case we thought we were just kanoodling around with wordplay, there’s a clincher: the prior verse calls Jacob by his birth name when he’s resuscitated: “the spirit of Jacob revived.” But here in the next verse he is “Israel,” the prophetic name gets after winning a wrestling match with an angel. Israel is the father of the twelve sons who go down to Egypt as a tribe of seventy and emerge two hundred some years later as a mighty nation of literate slaves bearing his name. In short, the verse is altogether prophetic. Jacob suffers a mini-death and is resurrected as Israel by his son Joseph’s spiritual largesse. He must know the prophecy of exile that awaits his family and their descendants, yet immediately embarks on the fateful journey.
Now if we read it sideways, the whole verse says, “And he said, ‘Israel to have much more life must go down to my son before I (Israel) die’.” They will go to Egypt to survive the famine as a re-united family, endure a spiritual famine, and emerge as Israel.
Rashi reads the poetry of the scene
Then Rashi tells us there’s yet another secret message encoded in the wagons. The word for wagons – ahgalot – contains a pun for eglot – calves. They may even be etymologically related at a deep level to the primitive root for turning, circling, wheeling (as Strong and Brown-Driver-Biggs dictionaries tell us). Just as calves cavort by running in circles, wagons run on wheels that turn round and round. In that pun, Jacob sees the last law in the Torah father and son studied before Joseph disappeared: the eglah arufah.
On the surface, Rashi’s neat detective work forms a nice sermon (never mind the anachronism of father and son reading the Torah before Moses brings it down from Sinai, a tradition of the Sages). All those verses elaborating the stagecraft – loading the eleven wagons with stuff – we now see as a double message, one dramatically apparent, the other encrypted – from prodigal son to grieving father that only the two of them would understand. “These wagonloads prove the existence of the son who enlarges the material world by connecting it to the spiritual world.
To prove this, Rashi’s genius sees more than a mere pun. What is the law of the eglah arufah? If a corpse is found in the wilderness between two cities, one or another city must take responsibility for burial and pursuing justice. (Deut 21:1-9). The priests of the closest town must go into the wilderness, sacrifice a calf by breaking its neck, send it over a cliff, and thus cancel the bill for an unsolved injustice and guilt that would come due to innocent townsfolk.
The Rebbe reads the Rashi
The Lubavitcher Rebbe expands our understanding of this ritual. Though he doesn’t refer to Rashi explicitly, he deepens our reading even more. He calls the neck “the precarious joint.”
In the Torah, he notes, “the neck is a common metaphor for the Holy Temple.” It links “heaven and earth, points of contact between the Creator and His creation. … G-d, who transcends the finite … chose to designate a physical site and structure as the seat of His manifest presence in the world …. The Sanctuary, then, is the ‘neck’ of the world … the juncture that connects its body to its head and channels the flow of consciousness and vitality from the one to the other.” (See “The Neck,” Chabad.org)
Jacob reading the wagons is a lesson in reading Torah
There’s one more point, a meta-point, about this scene. Just as Rashi says the wagons signify how Jacob taught Joseph to read Torah, Jacob here also exemplifies a lesson about how to read Torah. Layers of meanings and cross-references within the text and outside it deepen rather than interfere with one another. The means to deciphering the scene before us is not only through our senses but by then short-circuiting our rational, empirical senses and opening up to the mysteries inside the poetry, the associative, artistic, aesthetic resonance of the images and words acting together, as in one of Joseph’s dreams-to-become real. The result creates a channel, a precarious joint, from the spiritual realm to the material one. This transcendent punning enlarges the domain of reality and life. The original Hebrew, without vowels or punctuation is Moses’ transcription of God’s one long transcendent utterance atop Sinai and virtually demands that we approach it with openness.
I’m no prophet, but I imagine this is how it must work, and why the prophets are such great poets: they are seized by a sudden flooding expansion of their senses, a wheeling, prophetic perception of past and future unfolding in the fateful moment. We can get some small taste of this if we read the poetry in the Hebrew: Israel, summoned by a secret sign from his son, sings a song of extravagant overflowing joy and in that moment can’t wait to go down to Egypt.
December 23, 2019 December 25, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
For my son, Avraham Benjamin, who was born the first night of Chanukah.
Perpetual Chanukah
This Chanukah in particular, 2019, Jews are struggling with the growing sense that it’s happening again. Less than eight decades after the Holocaust, anti-Semitism is again on the rise in the West. I don’t need to recount the litany of current events and the fear they’re causing.
I find both succor and armor in Chanukah. The lights and prayers give not just psychic comfort and hope, but are the actual tools to resist the dark tide of history.
Here’s what I mean. On the first night of Chanukah we say a third prayer, the Shehecheyanu, thanking God for bringing us “to this time” (lazman hazeh). This prayer always gets me whenever I say it. Its message is for anyone: be grateful for all the things good and bad that occurred to you, because they brought you to this lovely intersection of fate. Every moment is a miracle.
The second prayer, recited every night over the candles, rhymes with this third. We say bazman hazeh – “in this time” – implying ‘this season on the calendar when we remember what God did for us on Chanukah 22 centuries ago’: letting one night’s worth of oil keep the lamps lit for eight nights after the Maccabees regained the Temple from the Greeks.
There’s a profound lesson in the prepositions, from bazman – in this season repeated every year – to lazman, to this very moment – this particular personal intersection of fate. We’re being told this isn’t just a nice commemoration of history. It’s still happening. We still are in history, or history is brought to our doorstep, at this very moment. That’s why we’re supposed to display the menorah, even putting it out in front of our homes for everyone to see.
The rest of the Jewish calendar repeats the same sermon as this one hidden in the Chanukah prayers. Our holidays is a survival kit, not just Chanukah but Purim and Passover (and Succot and Shavuoth and Tisha B’Av and Lag B’Omer and …), they are rehearsals of past success but they also summon the forces to win the future.
And it is war. Chanukah was a contest over who would rule the Temple, and we celebrate that our nationalists won, re-occupied the Temple, cleansed it of idolatry, and re-asserted monotheism symbolized in a miracle. But it was also a war for what beliefs would rule over the hearts, minds and souls of individual Jews, a war over what kind of world we inhabit, a war over nothing less than how we see reality itself.
Pythagoras and the Greek Religion
The war of the Maccabees against the Greeks was brewing for centuries, even before Alexander occupied ancient Israel in the fourth century. We can find its roots in the essential differences between Greek and Jewish thought.
Pythagoras (570-490 BCE) is considered the father of Greek philosophy, and is even credited with inventing the word. The son of Greek nobility, around the age of twenty he travels around the Middle East and Mediterranean for twelve years. He visits Egypt. On his way back, he stops at Mt. Carmel to visit Elijah’s cave for several weeks. He then journeys to Babylon at a time that would have coincided with the Jewish exile.
Inspired by the wisdom and mysticism of these other cultures, he returns to Greece and founds a mystic-scientific-cosmological-communal brotherhood preaching an ascetic view of the cosmos and our personal role in it. Pythagoras operates it like a leader of a cult or mafia. He is even supposed to have had a star pupil, Hippasos, murdered during a symposium cruise for expounding on the existence of irrational numbers like √2. Pythagoreans communicated via a system of secret signs, numerical codes, and hand gestures which they used while enforcing their famous discipline of ascetic silence.
Pythagoras preached that reality is only that which can be measured and understood through rational numbers. This is a pure abstraction of a material worldview so profound and powerful it later inspires among others, Plato (ca 425-ca 328 BCE) and Epicurus (341–270 BCE). Plato believed that the universe was static, made up of perfect, ideal forms. The highest activity of the human was to contemplate the universe using reason – rational thought – and discern how these ideal forms project themselves onto the material world to create the shadow play of reality. Greek philosophy is a religion that worships the rational human mind, much as modern secularism and our scientific culture.
Epicurus preached that there is no afterlife, no Divine Creator, and that we should lvie the best life we can while we have it. Today we think of an epicurean as a sensualist, but the Greek philosophy designed an entire ethical way of balancing gratification with the avoidance of pain and creating a positive civic life. He gives his name, at least apparently, to the archetype of the Jewish heretic, the epikoros. The Talmud singles out the Jew who denies the authority of the rabbis and mocks them personally. Dante reserves a ring of hell for Epicurus and his followers, whose punishment was to burn in their graves until the dead are resurrected, at which time they would be left behind and never re-unite with their souls. Even in the 20th century, no less a philosopher than my bubby Dora used a Yiddish variation of his name as a curse. “Apikoyris!” she would spit when another Jew offended her sense of what a mensch should be.
The Second Chanukah
Chanukah celebrates our allergy to the Greeks and the events of 167 BCE. The Talmud reinforces it by issuing a prohibition against teaching our sons Greek (Sotah 49b). This is mysterious. By the time of the Talmud, Greek was considered high learning. Even Shimon ben Gamliel, the great Sage (50 CE) boasts, “There were a thousand pupils in my father’s house; five hundred studied Torah and five hundred studied Greek wisdom.” But the antipathy to Greek, its potential for destruction, is illustrated in a story which the Talmud tells to support its ruling, a second, darker Chanukah.
76-67 BCE – Aristobulus and Hyrkanos, great-grandnephews of Judah HaMaccabee, split the kingdom. Hellensim again creeps back to dominate Jewish culture a century after the original Chanukah story. Hyrkanos leads the urbane, progressive Seleucid [Greek] faction. Assimilated Jews resist turning back to the old primitive rituals and politics. They must have thought of themselves as liberal cosmopolites, sophisticated moderns. The Greeks have put their stamp on a new and irresistible view of the world for centuries now. Why cling to benighted old traditions and superstitions? Judah Maccabee was, after all, a religious zealot, a fundamentalist survivalist from the backwaters. We would do well to finally put his bigotry and the old Civil War behind us in favor of more enlightened, urbane culture of the Greeks.
In the spirit of his grand-uncle, Aristobulus leads the conservative Pharisees, trying to preserve the purity of Jewish ritual and the Temple. He seizes Jerusalem and the Temple to protect it. So Hyrkanos besieges Aristobulus. An old man inside the walls betrays the Pharisees by using “Greek wisdom” to send secret, coded messages to the enemy, who then trick the Pharisees into bringing up a pig in a sling. The desecration literally shakes the foundations of Jerusalem and can be felt throughout Israel. It breaks their spirit. Rashi explains that “Greek wisdom refers to a set of cryptic expressions or gestures understood only by the paladin (palace dwellers or the nobility), not by common people.” The Pythagoreans communicated via a system of secret signs, numerical codes, and hand gestures which they used while enforcing their famous discipline of ascetic silence. No doubt this code was brought forward, just as our split-fingered sign of the kohanim in the Temple survives.
One could see how the Seleucid Jews would find assimilation so attractive, and why Jewish thinkers and students could be seduced, even from within the walls of Jerusalem itself. The Greek worldview, in one form or another, must have seemed, and continues to seem, the essence of enlightenment and modernism. of scientific rational thought. Yet, to the rabbis of the Talmud, Greek wisdom, the secret Pythagorean code, was the essence of assimilation. In their wisdom perhaps they say how it would continue to threaten Jewish existence.
The story of this second Chanukah comes at the end of tractate Sotah a famously dark prophesy of the total collapse of Jewish world called Yeridas HaDoros – the Descent of the Generations. Yeridas HaDoros recounts in dismal detail for long pages and in great detail the complete corruption of Jewish values, family, civil respect and religious observance.* When the hoof of the swine touches Jerusalem’s walls,” says the Talmud at the end of its story of the betrayal of Jerusalem in Sotah,“the entire foundation of Israel itself shakes.”
Incompatible Views of the Cosmos
Pythagoras’ vision of perfectionism and purity of form still holds sway today. Indeed, Pythagoreanism is the foundation of Western culture. It connects the Hellenic culture of the 5th c BCE of Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle with Roman culture. It connects Roman philosophy that dominated in the time of the destruction of the Temple with the Holy Roman Empire, the Catholic Church. The strict belief of Western science in rationality branches out fifteen centuries later into science along with the Reformation, the Enlightenment and the origin of the other branches of Christianity. Pythagoreanism represents a continuous tradition of the perfectibility of humans and the rational basis of the universe and everything in it. The cosmos is a rational, deterministic, ideal machine governed by unified laws we can elucidate with our minds.^
Contrast the static Pythagorean philosophy of being to our Jewish cosmology of an ever-blossoming, ever-unfolding, complex, imperfect and ineffable world of becoming. God’s Face is always receding and hidden, yet God’s attention continuously creates the cosmos. Even the method of Jewish discourse to arrive at the truth contrasts sharply with the Greek. You need only compare a page of any conventional Western book with a page of the Talmud to get the idea. One signifies a simple, clear stream of letters marching in lines across the page as the story proceeds in orderly fashion from beginning to middle to end.
The Talmud plunges you into a hypertextual jumble: a noisy symposium capturing voices and commentaries and commentaries on commentaries separated by centuries and thousands of miles and cultures. The choppy sea of Talmud exemplifies what Plato scorned as chaotic, subjective aesthetika and rhetorika as opposed to his orderly logos. The quintessential Greek text is the algebraic proof. Like Pythagorean theorem, it leads to a single, clarifying answer: the way and the truth no one gets to except through the one. The Jew’s is an argument leading to more questions.
Not just an academic debate
The fundamental incompatibility between these two cosmologies leads to a perpetual Chanukah. Jews are always suspended between the b’zman hazeh and l’zman hazeh. The Talmud burns in Europe, and then so do the Jews.
This is not just an academic exercise in philosophy. The twentieth century begins with work by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica, “showing” that all thought can be reduced to mathematically rigorous logic. They also say, “Modern philosophy is nothing more than a footnote to Plato.” Later, in his History of Western Philosophy (1945), Russell declares Pythagoras the greatest of all philosophers.**
In the 1920s, Martin Heidegger reinserts Pythagoreanism, an updating of the Greco-Christian Being vs. Becoming duality, into the heart of philosophy. Without going into his extraordinary influence over the twentieth century, including postmodernism and deconstruction, suffice it to say that virtually every thinker and theorist since has had to grapple with Heidegger and has been influenced by him. He was also an official member of the Nazi party.***
Nazism has its link to philosophies of materialism, constructivism, deconstruction and moral relativism that lead to the mechanization and disregard for the sanctity of human existence. We’re all just stuff, at the end, the soul an illusion. It is the same Greek wisdom that lies in the heart of the traitor of Jerusalem and is the source of ongoing Jewish assimilation to Western culture.
This year when I hold the flaming candle, I’m thankful for getting to this moment with my family and having the weapon in my hand to prevail in the long struggle.
David Porush, San Mateo, 2019
Thanks to classmates Boris Feldman, Josef Joffe, and Sam Tramiel, and special thanks to Rabbi Yitzchok Feldman, who inspired the first version of this piece in 2014 for a siyyum hasefer. I’m also grateful to my chavrusa Ron Kardos, Pinchas Gardyn, Yael Esther Berenfus whose input improved this immensely. However, all foolishness and errors in fact and judgment are my own.
^The Rambam, in Guide for the Perplexed, calls Aristotle, heir of Plato, half a prophet. Why half? Rambam says Aristotle fell short because he equated human nature with rationality alone. Aristotle’s ‘thinking being’ strives to rule the world through subjugation and calculation; Rambam’s “praying being” can be king of the world by elevating it. “When there’s nothing higher than intellect, intellect has no guiding light.”*Between the second century BCE and second century CE, during the era of the Talmud, Pythagoreanism enjoys a huge revival in Roman culture, what we now call neo-Pythagoreanism. Cicero, the famous Roman senator, and his good friend in the Senate, Nigidius Figulus, lead the revival around 50 BCE. Nigidius writes a 27-volume treatise of mathematics, grammar, astronomy and magic that becomes a classic, along with Cicero’s work, for centuries.
*In the first century CE, the sect of neo-Pythagoreans construct a Pythagorean Temple underground, at Porto Maggiore in Rome. It combines elements of paganism and Christianity. It is the site of secret sacrificial rites, necromancy, and is filled with images of the Greek gods. At the same time, it has an apse and nave, a new architectural form built with the Pythagorean ‘golden mean’ like the Acropolis, but meant to represent the cross, the same architecture we see in the great cathedrals of the Christian Europe and even in the humblest wooden Baptist churches today. But the connection is more than architectural.
**Interestingly, Russell’s last act, literally, in his life, is meant to shake the whole land of Israel. Though a pre-State supporter of Zion, his final political statement, read the day after his death in 1970 in Cairo, condemns Israel’s aggression against Egypt in 1967 and demands retreat to pre-1967 borders.
*** Victor Farias, in Heidegger and Nazism (1987) and Emanuel Faye in Heidegger: The Introduction of Nazism into Philosophy (2005) show how Heidegger, who was an unapologetic and avowed Nazi, introduced Nazi violence into the scene of contemporary Western philosophy. His chief heir and leader of the Yale school of deconstruction, Paul DeMan, was exposed as having been a Nazi collaborator and writer during WWII. The monumental French thinker Jacques Derrida, himself an Algerian Jew, rose to DeMan’s defense in a shameful chapter in the history of postmodern thought.
December 5, 2019 December 5, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
On double rainbows in Noah
A few years ago, my daughter showed me a viral video of a stoned guy blissing out on a double rainbow in Yosemite. “It’s … it’s a double rainbow!” He moans. “Oh my G-d, oh my G-d,” he repeats over and over, “It’s so bright. Ohhhh, it’s so beautiful!” He breaks down in full-on sobbing, crying in a seizure of ecstasy. “What does it mean?” he asks, his mind blown.
I’m not sure, dude. But one thing you missed in your rapture is a curious phenomenon: look carefully and you can see that the colors of the second rainbow invert the usual order: VIBGYOR.
“Double Rainbow” by SlimJones123
As early as 1520 or so, the Jewish sage Sforno[i] noted that even by his time, the double rainbow was already a cliché.
“Scientists have already tired of trying to explain why the various colors of the second rainbow appear in the opposite order of the colors in the original rainbow.”[ii]
Nonetheless, he uses it to explain the rainbow following Noah’s flood. Since the ordinary rainbow already existed at the time of Creation, Sforno reasons, the actual rainbow displayed after the Flood must be this second rainbow, a much rarer and more startling sight (as our ecstatic friend saw in Yosemite). The reverse order of the colors are a warning:
“When this rainbow appears it is high time to call people to order and to warn them of impending natural calamities unless they change their ways.”[iii]
Sforno’s insight made me think of another secret duality in Noah: there’s really not one but two floods in this weekly reading. I believe they’re connected.
The two floods
The first more famous flood is obviously the one of water. Nature itself was corrupted, the Sages say. Animals and humans alike preferred abominable stuff to trying to reproduce. So the flood washes all life on earth clean, vegetation included. It’s a bio-disaster.
G-d chooses Noah because he’s the right man for the job. The book on Noah is that he was only outstandingly righteous for his generation, and we Jews sort of damn him by faint praise. But I think he gets a bad rap. Go ahead. You try being the most righteous guy in the room, let alone your generation. And despite whatever flaws, we know he’s an excellent boatbuilder at least. But he also had to have been an expert zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and botanist to identify male and female of all the species, and identify and preserve seeds. On the ark, he had to be a great veterinarian. And after he lands, he shows he’s even an oenologist.
What is Noah’s special merit and the secret to his success? As God’s chosen caretaker and intimate, he’s a scientist who also knows that the natural world is not merely mechanistic and physical, it is meta-physical. After all, he’s talking to G-d; he knows there’s another dimension to the cosmos. He knows what’s coming and the cosmic reasons why. So he is the only man who can ensure the biome’s survival.
But after the first Flood, Noah’s brood gets busy repopulating the earth as G-d commands them. A few generations after the deluge, united and inspired by their common tongue, all the cousins gather in Babel to “make a name” for themselves. They build a tower so grand, it will have its “head in Heaven.” G-d punishes them for their hubris,[iv] which must have shocked the hell out of them. He tumbles their tower and confuses them by “confounding their language,” multiplying the number of tongues. Unable to communicate, they can no longer unite with one mind and one purpose so they scatter.
This is the second flood, a deluge of languages. And whereas our first crime was more a bestial transgression against the natural order, the second one is harder to define. It seems at once quite human and admirable, stemming from our godlike intellects. Where’d we go wrong?
What were the engineers of Babel after?
Beyond the plain sense of trying to storm heaven itself with a tower of bricks, what were the engineers of Babel – all of humanity, really – after? Why are they punished for their demonstration of human ambition, unity, and ingenuity?
Ramban suggests that they’re after the Tetragrammaton – that most awesome four-letter Name of G-d, but also the one particularly associated with Creation. He gestures at dark depths by suggesting that only students of the Kabbalah will fully understand the mystical meaning of their ambition.
We can guess what he’s implying, though: humans hoped to dominate the cosmos by challenging G-d and replacing Him with their own grandiose engineering. R. Bachya is expansive on this point: “The people of that generation were very advanced in matters of philosophy and even technology,” he writes. “However, they used their intelligence in a sinful manner” by staging a Divine coup.[v]
It’s all about the bricks
But even the original text hints that their crime is overestimating their engineering prowess. As they plot to build the tower …
They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and burn them hard.” Brick served them as stone… [Gen 11:3]
The Torah seems illogically focused on the bricks. Just in case we miss the point, it redundantly hammers the point home in the next sentence: “The bricks served them as stone.” When we turn to the Hebrew, we see it’s really emphatic. What it says is more like “let’s burn them til they’re burnt” or “let’s super-burn them” [V’n’S-R-P-H, l’S-R-P-H; וְנִשְׂרְפָה לִשְׂרֵפָה]. The words just before this are another pair that pun on the word for brick, נִלְבְּנָה לְבֵנִים [n’LBNH LBNH]. Most translations render the first word as white, perhaps referring to the super-heated bricks in the kiln. But the letters might also be trying ot imply something like ‘the brickness of the bricks’.[vi] In any case, the pride they take in their mastery of super-brick engineering is emphatic. They wax poetic and pun twice in a row [נלבנה לבנים ונשרפה לשרפה].
But still, so what? Why the sudden obsession with the bricks? And why call attention to the obvious fact that bricks “served them as stones?
The first, plainest sense is it fits with the idolatry the Talmud accuses them of. The Babel generation turned to idolatry, worshipping stones. More to the point, independent of any interpretation, they are plainly in love with and united around the structure they’re making from their artificial stones to supplant G-d in heaven, maybe encouraged by their conviction that their artificial ones are even better than nature’s.
Or perhaps the Torah is looking forward to the only other time it mentions bricks: when the Hebrews are slaves in Egypt. The message echoes back to us from this future: folks are now enslaved to their delusory engineering ambitions. They worship their belief that they can storm Heaven and overthrow the G-d with their own handiwork.
Fittingly, G-d scatters them in a flood of confusion.
Biology and the second rainbow
Seven hundred years later, we are still suffering from this hubris, maybe more so. Computers and other technological artifacts of our sciences, like bricks, convince us of our transcendent power to conquer nature’s limits, to parse the physical world without the need for metaphysics.
Biology, to take one instance of the sciences, is devoted to providing mechanistic descriptions of the processes of life. Its fundamental ‘theological’ conviction is that life is simply a matter of matter, a complex system of material actions and processes. Ultimately, once we get the technical manual of nature written, human handiwork will imitate life. The same goes for human consciousness, which is simply a product of biology and the complexity of the brain.
This mythology of artificial life and artificial intelligence is ironically deadening. It sucks the life out of biology, as if the science is committing a form of parricide, trying to kill the vital phenomenon after which it is named. The mythology is also ubiquitous. It grips our popular imagination in movies and images and books about robots, artificial super-intelligences, clones, and cyborgs. New companies and new sciences spring up betting on them. The sense is these are inevitable, and the premise that we can replace life with our own works feels like a foregone conclusion. And we’re encouraged by our incontrovertible success. Creating artificial humans is a new Tower of Babel, just as global and just as unanimous. Whether you speak Chinese or Hebrew or English at home, on this we’re of “one mind,’ united by a scientific ambition.
Thank G-d biology works. It’s saved my life and the lives of my loved ones many times. But it is not omniscient nor omnipotent, as any doctor will tell you. And as it falls short of its ambition, it echoes the crash of Babel and its ensuing noise.
This would just be an academic discussion of an old dualism, except that as we choose the wrong side, our modern secular, scientific, rational calculus seems to be quietly eroding the transcendent value of human life, especially at its end and beginning, with real effects on real lives.
I didn’t choose to pick on biology at random. I believe the two floods roped together in the narrative of the Bible address the idolatry in biology specifically. The first flood erases the corruption of life. Noah, the ultimate naturalist, ferries the biome safely across from the old washed-away world to a new one. Then the new generation achieves a utopian state of global unanimity never seen before or since. It’s ironic, because in some senses they achieve the pinnacle of global civilization. G-d punishes their more sophisticated, civilized crime with a more subtle flood, a flood of languages. Call it one of LOGOS (for word or language). He floods their minds with the noise of different languages. Together, the two floods spell BIO-LOGOS, biology, and biology holds the key to understanding the coherence of the two floods.
But from a metaphysical view, even with unalloyed human cooperation on a scientific project and perfect mutual communication, we still can’t get it right. This time, the latter generations didn’t corrupt life with bestiality but rather the very purpose of being human itself. They deploy language to achieve great things, like super-fired super-hard bricks that are better than natural ones, but then erect an idol to their own ambition, and proceed to serve it slavishly, with the collective delusion (and implicit violence) only mobs attain.
Our scientific age deserves a double rainbow. Science explains what causes the mysterious inversion of colors in the secondary one. But it may not be getting the celestial message that more than ever it should remind us of the ways we lose our way and the dual pact between G-d and humanity: Yes, the world is indestructible, the first rainbow promises. But nature will fully yield its treasures to our ambitions only when we acknowledge, with a helpful reminder from double rainbows, that the world is continuously vitalized by Divine attention. Together, physics and metaphysics suffuse the cosmos with spectral radiance.
San Mateo, 5780
[A shorter version of this was originally published online in the Jewish Journal – https://jewishjournal.com/culture/religion/torah_portion/table-for-five/306419/weekly-parsha-noach/ (Oct 3, 2019). I am grateful to Salvador Litvak, editor of the Accidental Talmudist, for his prompt, and the discipline of boiling down my ramblings to 250 words. I also thank Marcos Frid, Yael Esther Berenfus, Eddy Berenfus, Ron Kardos, for their suggestions which vastly improved this piece.]
[i] Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno, Italian, 1475-1550
[ii] https://www.sefaria.org/Sforno_on_Genesis.9.13.2?ven=Eliyahu_Munk,_HaChut_Hameshulash&lang=bi
[iii] See his comments on Bereishit 9:17; https://www.sefaria.org/Sforno_on_Genesis.9.17.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
[iv] Literally their hyperambition (the words hubris and hyper have the same root). They propose to go beyond themselves, to exceed their mortality.
[v] Rabbi Bahya ben Asher, commentary on Gen 11:4 (1255-1340, Spain): “The people of that generation were very advanced in matters of philosophy and even technology. However, they used their intelligence in a sinful manner. …The reason G’d had to scatter them was because they planned to nullify His world order.” https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.11.4?lang=bi&with=Rabbeinu%20Bahya&lang2=en
[vi] Most translations relate the first word to the whiteness [LBN = white] of a super-heated brick, emphasizing the heat of the fires they create. Sforno (see n. 2 above) says one of their ambitions was to challenge G-d by “taming fire.” But the original without vowels might also refer to the “brickness” of the bricks.
Esau’s Clever Pun
Genesis doesn’t have many witticisms. It has ironic laughter (“What? Am I going to get pregnant at the age of 90?”) and defensive sarcasm (“What? Am I my brother’s babysitter?”) and passive aggression (“What’s 400 shekels between old friends like us?”). But witty wordplay is rare.
So it’s surprising that one of the more brooding and athletic characters, Esau the bloody hunter, gives us a great instance of eloquent punning, and in a moment of high drama, too.
Esau comes into Isaac’s tent looking for his father’s blessing, only to learn that his twin Jacob has cheated him out of the firstborn’s inheritance. He weeps wildly and bitterly. Like a Shakespearean tragic hero, Esau’s heartrending plea propels him to a new level of eloquence and pathos:
“Is it because of this he was named Jacob so he could cheat me twice? First he stole my birthright and then he stole my blessing. Haven’t you reserved a blessing for me?” [Gen 27:36]
There is a clever play on words in there, but only in the original Hebrew. So before I untangle it, let’s review the story.
“Let the devil take the hindmost!” Phantom of the Opera
The twins are always at war, even in Rebecca’s womb. At birth, as Esau emerges first, his brother grabs him by the heel [AKAIV – עקב in Hebrew] and so is apparently named for that act, Yaacob [יַעֲקֹב]. Years later when they’ve grown, Esau comes in from a hunt famished and begs Jacob for something to eat. Jacob says he will feed him if he sells Jacob his birthright, which he does for a paltry meal of lentil stew and bread.
In Esau’s mind, Jacob tricked him or at least blackmailed him. But the sages rightly ask, if Esau held it so dear, why did he let his birthright go so cheaply? Nonetheless, Esau has never lost his self-justifying view. Now, Jacob’s deception to get Isaac’s blessing only confirms it. Esau’s feeling of being victimized inspires him, in his grief and acrimony, to an eloquence that is especially clear in the original Hebrew.
With different vowels the same three Hebrew letters for heel, עקב, are pronounced “AKOB,” which means treacherous or deceitful. Esau turns it into a whole sentence in one word – vaYKBayni [וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי]. With a prefix it adds Jacob (he) as the subject and with a suffix adds himself (me) as the object or victim: “Hachi shemo Yaakob, vaYakbani zeh pamaim?” Esau protests. “Is this why you named him Jacob, so he could cheat me (vYKBayni) twice?”
It’s not only an instance of high wordplay, it’s the only time in the Bible the word occurs in that form, so it begs us for even deeper exploration.
The Prophecy in Jacob’s Name
On the first level, Esau is suggesting that Jacob’s name is a kind of prophecy, and for sure names in the Bible have a prophetic quality. They often capture some inner essence of a person’s character and destiny. Yaakov’s father is named Yitzchok, from the root word for “laugh [tzaw-chak צְחַק],” at first glance because Sarah laughs in disbelief when she hears she will get pregnant and bear a son to Abraham. But on closer look, it’s also a prophecy about Isaac’s attitude to life. The YUD in front of the root denotes future tense: Yitzchok means “he will laugh.”
Similarly, “Yaakov” doesn’t mean “[he grabbed Esau’s] heel” or “[he’s a real] heel!” but again, future tense around a verb: “He will heel [Y-K-B עקב]” whatever that means. Esau’s accusation stings at first and seems just: “Is this why you named him Jacob, because he’s a cheater in his essence which you perceived even at birth?”
But as we will see, the word implies something quite different.
Jacob’s birth on its face suggests he has a preternatural ambition. Grabbing his twin’s heel is like a sneak attack, an ambush. “Let the devil take the hindmost!” goes the old English expression. Which bring us to the central problem. Is Esau right? Is Jacob, the patriarch of the Jews, treacherous in his very essence? Is this the man whose name is changed to Israel from whom the entire nation of Israel springs? The enemies of the Jewish people have used this story against us as a pretext for terrible persecution throughout the diaspora. It is the source of an aboriginal grievance by Christianity against Judaism, as Esau becomes Edom, the Roman Empire, and then the Holy Roman Empire, the Catholic church. The apologetics of the sages and commentators rationalizing and explaining away Jacob’s deception still don’t completely satisfy those who can’t get past the plain sense. Even Isaac indicts his son: “Your brother came with treachery and took away your blessing,” he tells Esau.
Is the character of Israel, the man and the people, at its core deceptive, sneaky, treacherous?
The If at the Fulcrum of History
But the three Hebrew letters hide yet another, even deeper meaning, one that may contain the key to untangling this single most problematic action by any of the patriarchs.
Add different vowels to Y-K-B and you get yet another word, AYKEB (or EIKEV – עֵקֶב ). A weekly reading in Deuteronomy is named for it, the second word in that portion of the Bible:
“And it will be, if you listen to these rules and faithfully obey them, the LORD your God will keep his promise to you and be merciful to you, as he swore to your ancestors. [Deut 7:12]
The most common translation of the word is if or because. It implies a sense of conditionality or contingency, a quid pro quo, as in a deal or contract to be fulfilled in the future. If you will do this, I will do that. Or, Because you do this, I will do that as promised. In this form, we can detect an abstraction or aura or lingering sense of “heelness” or “hindmostness” alluding to the tail end of a deal. When you leave the womb or the room under normal circumstances, your heel is the last to exit. The result, the end of a contract, will be its fulfillment, the payoff. You do this and I will do that. Its non-fulfillment, the betrayal of the contract by one party, results in consequences or penalties by the other. Moses warns Israel as much a few verses later in with the same weekly reading as the negative quid pro quo:
“It will come to pass, if you ever forget the LORD your God and go after other gods and serve them and worship them, I testify against you today that you will surely perish. [Deut 8:19]
Esau’s indictment of Jacob in his clever pun unintentionally calls out this secret prophecy and also foretells the destiny of Israelites. Far from implying a treacherous ambush, the heelness in Jacob’s name points not to the last, least part but to the very end of history itself, its fulfillment. It embraces the contingency in Israel’s millenia-long ongoing relationship to G-d, and also hints at its end. As long as you keep your end of the bargain – follow the Torah and don’t chase after other gods – I will fulfill Mine.
This deal, the covenant itself, is a big, bright thread that stitches the entire Torah together into one coherent drama that runs throughout the Five Books: G-d promises Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, then seals his contract, the Torah, with their descendants. Along with all else it is, the Torah is a document about itself. G-d, sometimes directly and sometimes through Moses, re-iterates over and over the terms of the deal. As they wander the desert and then get ready to enter the Promised Land, He proves to them over and over His seriousness about it, sometimes reaching His Hand into their history with an intervention (think Korach). The deal is simple, clear, clean. The entire message boils down to the one word of contingency latent in every contract: If…
Armed with this penetrating arrow of meaning shot through Jacob’s name, the rest of the story of Jacob and Esau becomes clear as a prophecy of what will happen, illuminating the entire destiny of the Jews. Isaac does in fact find a mighty blessing to give Esau, one filled with promises about the nations that will spring from him:
“Your land will enjoy the fat of the earth and the dew from heaven. You will live by the sword and serve your brother, but when you start getting restless, you will break his yoke from your neck.” [Deut 27:40]
These promises come true. Esau becomes Edom. Edom inherits Italy, truly one of the fattest and most sensuously blessed countries on Earth, one that continues to this day to cultivate beauty, art, great food, and the aesthetic rewards of the physical world. Edom also become the morphing empire that periodically through the millenia “throws off the yoke” of Israel and then afflicts and subjugates it: first Rome, then Christianity, then Europe, then the idea of the West.
The if-ness of everything
Every second of every moment in life is a contingency, an if at the crossroads of destiny between the reality of what just happened and the infinite possibilities of what might happen next. If we miss the bus, we then miss the job interview and our life changes radically from what it could have been. If Polonius didn’t hide behind the curtain, Hamlet would turn out quite differently. If fog hadn’t rolled in on Aug. 22, 1776, Washington might have lost the Battle of Long Island or even been killed, and Americans would still be eating bangers and mash. If fog had rolled in, Hiroshima wouldn’t have been bombed. I’ve written about this elsewhere. If we understand the world as a well-written narrative rather than as a machine, we get at a more profound truth of the nature of the cosmos.[1] Trivial events lead to enormous consequences. Reality and history are “sensitively dependent on initial conditions” – the so-called Butterfly Effect, as the science of chaos dubbed it. In novels, there are no coincidences, just well-plotted incidents woven by the author’s hand to produce dramatic outcomes. The ifness in Jacob’s name points to this way of framing his story. Consider the alternatives:
How would it have turned out if Jacob had not bought Esau’s birthright? If Isaac had given Esau instead of Jacob his first blessing? If their roles were reversed and Jacob lived under Esau’s yoke in his lifetime. What would the world look like if the West was ruled by Rome alone without the Jewish worldview in its origin and surviving on its margins? It beggars the imagination.
The name of Jacob – soon to be Israel – evokes not past treachery but the whole future history of his people and the deal they made with the Author weaving their destiny.
Toldot 5780
Thanks to my friends for corrections and comments that improved this terrifically: Marcos Frid, Michael Wulfson, and Ron Kardos. Special thanks to Rabbi Yossi Marcus for catching serious errors in interpretation and opening a new vista of meaning in this parsha.
[1] I call it “the epistemological potency of fiction.” See “Fictions as Dissipative Structures: Prigogine’s Theory and Postmodernism’s Roadshow,” Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science, Ed. N. Katherine Hayles (U Chicago Press: 1991)
November 27, 2019 November 30, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
Jews in America are especially lucky on Thanksgiving. Who else gets a choice of turkey or brisket, stuffing or kishkes?
As the quintessential American holiday, it somehow also feels more Jewish than any other.
Is that a yarmulke he’s wearing? [“The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth”, Jennie A. Brownscombe., 1914. Wikimedia Commons]
That may be because the very name “Jew” stems from the word for thanks (Judah). Or maybe because the first Thanksgiving might have had its roots in the Jewish fall harvest festival, Sukkot (which started on October 1st in 1621). But it also, obviously, resonates with Passover: big family meals, political debate, too much wine, and then a boisterous game of pinochle (at least that’s the way we celebrated). I think the stakes were a penny a point. Oh yeah, and celebrating gratitude for our miraculous liberation from slavery.
The original pilgrims fled religious persecution on the model of the Exodus from the Bible. The Puritans believed the Catholic Church had introduced too many impure practices and sought to return Christianity to its “purer” roots in the Jewish Bible. America in their narrative was the Promised Land. They were consciously imitating the Jews in trying to establish both a Holy Land and earthly utopia, free from tyranny. In their worship, civil life, and ideology they were more attached to the Torah than the New Testament.
A standard Puritan greeting was, “You’re a good Jew!”
They also imbibed the message of the Torah: the souls of Jews are enslaved to no earthly power. As the Sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe said:
“All the people on the face of the earth must know this: That only our bodies have been sent into exile and the servitude of (foreign) rulers. But our souls have not been exiled or enslaved.
“We must say openly before all, that in all matters relating to our religion, the Torah, the commandments and the customs of Israel, we Jews have no one who can dictate to us, nor may any pressure be brought to bear against us.”
In this week’s reading of the Bible, Toldot, a powerful king of the Philistines/Palestinians in what is now Gaza (sound familiar?) has been harassing Isaac by stopping up every well he digs. Nonetheless, Isaac continues to thrive and grow wealthier. Avimelech eventually “comes to Isaac” to ask for a peace treaty.
The lesson is clear, the stuff of Hollywood: The small and brave who stick to their mission will have the huge and powerful bow to their superiority. On this Thanksgiving, my personal thanks is that my soul still yearns to be free and in bondage to no physical, terrestrial power.
Except maybe my wife’s transcendent brisket.
October 31, 2019 November 27, 2019 David Porush1 Comment
What’s an epikoros?
In the 1950s, you would think Crown Heights was populated by a gallery of rogues, scoundrels and losers with terrific names like shikker, shnook, shlepper, shmendrick, shnorrer, shlemazel, goniff, mamzer, or my favorite, vance. One of the most chilling, because I wasn’t sure what it meant but it was always muttered darkly, was epikoros. My grandmother pronounced it with her thick Polish inflection, chapikoiyris, but you could also hear apikoros or apikorsis.
Hell for Epicureans: Gustave Dore, 6th Circle, Dante’s Inferno (Paris: Hachette, 1861) from Open Culture
Over time, I realized the word referred to Jews who actively flouted any Jewish observance, a heretic or at least someone who went off the path – the derech as they say in Hebrew – in a serious way. But the word had a long history before it hit the streets of Brooklyn.
Epikoros originates as a Jewish curse at least as far back as the Talmud. The sages single out the epikoros as one of the three kinds of heretics, Jews who lose their immortal souls, an eternal death sentence. But the word sticks out because it doesn’t sound like anything Hebrew and doesn’t have any precedent in Aramaic. It obviously seems to refer to the great Greek philosopher Epicurus (341-270 BCE).
Who was Epicurus?
Epicurus taught that death was the end of both the body and the soul. He insisted that only the material world is real, and he denied the existence of God or Heaven on rational grounds.[1] After all, what kind of supreme being would introduce so much pain and misery into the world? For what purpose? Anyway, no one has ever brought a shred of proof of an afterlife where the soul receives reward or punishment. All we get, Epicurus taught, is this one go-round in the material world, so we better make the best of it. That meant seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, especially the physical and psychic suffering that attends death. Today we call his followers “epicureans,” folks who pursue refined pleasures of the body, (gourmands or wine snobs, for instance).
That’s the cartoon version. In fact, Epicurus had a sophisticated philosophy for how the cosmos works without any metaphysical explanations or invocations of Divinity. Far from just urging self-indulgence or licentiousness, he said people must behave civilly and educate themselves, ennoble their spirits and enrich their lives while alive because being good is intrinsically rewarding and satisfying. It also enables society to support us peacefully in creating the best possible lives. He also fought any hint of cosmology from other philosophers, like Plato or Democritus, that required irrational or metaphysical assumptions. In short, Epicurus was the very archetype of the relentlessly rational heretic, a dangerously sophisticated atheist.
At first glance, it seems obvious that the rabbis’ idea of a heretic and their use of the Greek philosopher’s name refers to him or his followers. But they refuse to admit it. Perhaps they are reluctant to acknowledge Greek sources. (Elsewhere the Talmud warns against teaching Greek: see Perpetual Chanukah in the West – or – Why the Pythagorean Theorem is More Than Just Math). Greek philosophy was especially dangerous, since its intellectualism and soaring embrace of the cosmos was naturally appealing to the Jewish mind, just as science and philosophy are today. Surely Epicureanism seduced many Jews over the centuries and continues to do so.
Or perhaps the rabbis were simply following their policy of building a self-contained Jewish epistemology without acknowledging Greek influence or its competitive view of the world. So how do they explain the term and its origin? Exploring their etymology uncovers both the profound world view of the Talmud and important distinctions between received ideas of the afterlife in Western culture and purely Jewish ones.
Hell for Jews?
Jews don’t really have a hell, at least not in the sense of the fiery, eternal torture chambers Dante elaborately portrays in The Inferno (1321).[2] Instead, they have a very Jewish idea of eternal punishment: call it hell for stiff-necked, skeptical folk who really distrust authority.
All Jews, the Talmud says, will be resurrected for the afterlife, unless they do one of three things:[3]
Deny that the Resurrection of the Dead is promised in the Bible [Torah]
Deny that the Bible’s author is Divine
Be an “epikoros”
Go there and they’re dead meat. They lose the possibility of being re-connected with their souls when the Messiah comes.
When we first encountered this list, my classmate in Talmud study, Dr. Jack Brandes, noted that the list doesn’t make much sense. Denying that the resurrection of the dead is promised in the Torah seems like a petty infraction compared to denying the the resurrection deal altogether. Accepting that our mouldering bodies will be revivified and reunited with their souls is a much higher hurdle for belief in the first place. For that matter, denying that God wrote the Torah (#2) seems much more fundamental. Than #1 and should come first logically.
And then, what the heck is an epikoros anyway? Why does it have its own word, one that hardly occurs anywhere else in Talmud and seems to be named after a Greek philosopher? After all, when we arrive at this discussion of how to lost your eternal soul, at the end of Sanhedrin, we’ve just come from pages of the Talmud that discuss rebellious sages and false prophets. Those bad boys seem much more worthy of eternal punishment than a common garden-variety sensualist or atheist, yet they are only condemned to mortal death. The epikoros, by contrast, faces eternal death. Where’s the equity here? “Lo fair!” as my son’s classmates used to shout in kindergarten in Israel, “No fair!”
Worse, when the rabbis finally get around to describing the epikoros nine long pages of Talmud later,[4] they seem to have saved up their greatest outrage for him in a self-serving festival of indignation. What does the epikoros do that’s so bad?
Are the Sages too thin-skinned?
Why, he has the chutzpah to make fun of those same rabbis and Torah scholars. The epikoros mocks them for being useless or self-serving, or he questions the absurdity of their rulings. He disparages them for making senseless rules that make life harder just to keep themselves busy (“They forbade us the raven but let us eat dove”). He may only insult them in front of others, or maybe just make the wrong face or ask a question that has a little passive aggression in it, maybe. Wow, are these rabbis thin-skinned!
The over-sensitivity of the sages to even the merest slight leaves plenty of room for cynicism and almost invites the epicureanish behavior it condemns, to the point it feels like the sages constructed a great, self-serving Catch-22: if you make fun of us and our authority you are going to die an eternal death.
Yet, by contrast, the discussion (Cheilik – “Portion”) has some of the most elegant, monumental flights of exegesis and story-telling in the Talmud. The rabbis’ eloquence is warranted. They aren’t just adjudicating civil or capital penalties in this world, they are describing awesome cosmic events like the resurrection of the dead, when the Messiah comes, and the ultimate fate of your immortal soul and its share (thus “portion”) in the world to come. So maybe when they come to the discussion of the epikoros, we should look at their condemnation as more than just an extended fit of self-serving peevishness and self-aggrandizement.
Indeed, if we delve this strange word more closely, it tells a deeper story, one that reveals a startling unity to these seemingly mismatched list of three big sins. It uncovers a hidden sophistication, informed by theological power, of faith in authority. While on the surface it invites a cynical view of the rabbis as a bunch of racketeers protecting their turf, I think by delving their subtlety, it only enhances our admiration for these learned mortals who have undertaken the dauntless task of trying to read the Divine Mind.
The rabbinical etymology of epikoros
When the sages consider the meaning of epikoros, they avoid any mention of the connection to Greek philosophy. It seems pretty tenuous bit of avoiding the elephant in the room. Indeed, they pun around it, as if to cover its big tracks. And later commentators seem to contort themselves to follow the Sages’ lead and construct a completely non-Greek and much less plausible etymology:
Talmud (ca 300): After its first use here (Sanhedrin 90), they later use an Aramaic word with similar spelling and Greek sound – apkayrousa – to define an irreverent Torah student (Sanhedrin 100a).
Rashi (1040-1105) expands the Talmud’s version by saying it alludes to epkorousa – אפקרותא – disrespect.
Meir Abulafia (1170-1244, known as the Ramah) claims the word derives from hefker, abandoned property that’s up for grabs.
Maimonides (1138-1204, known as Rambam) agrees with Ramah. Their agreement is even more ironic because Ramah called Rambam a heretic for, ironically, denying the Resurrection of the Dead.
Rambam goes on to explain this non-obvious derivation of the word most completely: “The word epikores is Aramaic,” he insists. “Its meaning is one who abandons (mafkir) and denigrates the sages or a specific Torah scholar or denigrates his teacher.”[5][7]
We can see where he’s coming from. Both words share three root letters: P-K-R, פקר. Mafkir comes from hefker. By connecting these words for abandonment with disrespect for a teacher, it gives a new and profound sense of walking away from your half of a teacher-student relationship that has transcendent duties. Indeed, in his next sentence, Maimonides gives more examples of heresy, and then just a few sentences later he announces his Thirteen Principles of Faith, one of the most influential codifications of Jewish belief ever written.
Is it possible they ALL were unaware of the popular Greek philosopher of pleasure?
Why is everyone purposely avoiding the plain meaning?
Epicurus continues to this day to be one of the continuously most influential of the Greek philosophers, rivaling Plato and Aristotle. Romans Plutarch and Cicero wrote about him in the 1st century CE. In the 3rd century CE, contemporary with the rabbis of the Talmud, he’s treated in a bestselling work, The Lives and Opinions of the Greek Philosophers by Diogenes Laertius, and he was well-known throughout the Medieval period (witness Catholic theology and Dante).
Maimonides was well aware of Greek philosophy in general as a follower of Aristotle. In fact, he mentions Epicurus several times in his Guide for the Perplexed (1190)! So no, it’s not possible the sages weren’t aware of the obvious etymology of the word. Instead, they insist on a hidden meaning of the word, purposefully ignoring the obvious, to get at something else. But what?
The answer lies, I believe, in going back to the original Greek name, surprisingly.
Have you ever sung a well-rehearsed song with others in a tight circle? You were probably moved beyond mere geometry to experience solidarity, intimacy, maybe even a feeling of spirituality or transcendence. Chasidim know this. The word epikoros evokes this, in the Greek χορός – chorus or koros – a circle of singers, probably part of an ancient ritual. In classical Greek theatre, it evolved into the group of players who stand together, sometimes in a ring, and dance back and forth across the stage singing verses of point and counterpoint to the main players or themes. Koros in turn is traced back to the Proto-Indo-European[6][8] root gher, meaning “trap” or “catch,” a core concept signifying the containment around something. It is easy to see how it also evolves into the Greek cognate of chorus, χόρτος – khórtos, meaning “enclosure,”[7][9] like a corral.
The other part of the name is more familiar, the prefix epi–meaning “on top of.” We use it for words that survive intact from ancient Greek like epiphany (a shining or appearance from above, a manifestation or revelation of heavenly presence), or in science for technical terms like epidermis (the top layer of skin) or epicenter (the point above the enter of an earthquake).
But the prefix can also carry a sense of contrast, opposition, something after, above, atop, or even against – in short, different from – the root. An epi-gone is an inferior successor, like Fredo, the weak brother in The Godfather, or like the imitators of the great artist Caravaggio to whom the term was applied.[8][10]
Epikoros might well have chosen the name for himself to echo this sense of breaking from the herd. He was known as and branded himself as a radical who broke out of – superceded – the circle of Platonic belief. Indeed, the little we may know of him makes him sound like a compulsively self-aggrandizing rebel, rejecting his teacher Democritus and other predecessors, including Plato and Pythagoras, to claim he was self-taught.
So now back to the word in the Talmud: In his treatment of Maimonides use of the word from the traditional Jewish perspective, David Curwin, author of the brilliant Hebrew etymology website Balashon, notes
… hevker is related to bakar בקר – “cattle,” and was so called because cattle would graze in abandoned or ownerless land … this goes back to a general association between cattle and property[9]
Imagine cattle herded into a pen. One breaks out and gets lost, to wander ownerlessly. There’s our Jewish epikoros! Some wiser-than-thou guy opposes his teachers and breaks out of the closed circle of learning and faith to embrace a terrible fate. Like, Maimonides’ mafkir, and the original Epicurus, the epikoros acts willfully, intentionally.
Breaking the circuit between Heaven and Earth
The epicurean in the Greek sense cuts the circuit between heaven and earth. What you do on Earth has no consequences, he says, because there’s nothing else, so seek pleasure. He is the archetype of the radical denier, that wise guy who has to say that one other, defiant thing, the pathologically compulsive skeptic whose goal is to break the circle of belief in anything that he can’t grasp with his appetites or senses or material, empirical experience. His behavior, the rabbis are warning him, has led him to abandon his soul. So why aren’t the rabbis content to let this derivation stand?
I believe the rabbis are not disingenuous here but are knowingly digging deeper to get at this more ancient, resonant aura around the word epikoros. But how does that explain their fixation on their own pride and sensitivities? And though they are excellent linguists to be sure, how would they have gotten access to etymology pieced together only recently by centuries of painstaking archeology and philology?
One explanation goes to the root of the traditional foundation of Jewish rabbinical authority, undergriding the continuous project of interpreting Torah: they are transmitting knowledge preserved in the Oral Torah that Moses also received on Sinai, antedating Epikoros by 1000 years. When they invoke “epikoros” as derived from hefker, they do so to re-appropriate an oral tradition that is much deeper and older than mere superficial cultural allusions. Their word play is more than a cynical effort to protect their monopoly on Torah authority. It’s an affirmation of first principles. It’s also a test of our status, too: either we are heretics, or we believe this tenet on which rabbinic Judaism rests.
The road to Jewish Heaven is paved by scholars
At first glance, the epikoros’ offense seems the least dire of the three Big Ones and the one mostly driven by the very earthly concerns of defensive rabbis protecting their turf.
But when viewed through this deeper meaning, the list of three offenders defines three versions of the same form of heresy: they all break the circuit of authority from God through Moses into the Oral and Written Torah and from thence into the Mishnah and to Gemarah (the discussions of the rabbis of Mishnah) that comprise the Talmud.
Who is the epikoros? His transgression is the most personal, immediate, and pedestrian of the three Big Ones, but in some ways that makes his sin the most dreadful of them all. He diminishes, even in apparently slight ways – he slights – the authority and respect due the sages and teachers who interpret and transmit the Torah. Why is this worthy of the ultimate penalty? Because rabbinical authority has to be absolute, equivalent to the Torah’s Divine authority. The Torah, and the ongoing rabbinical authority that continues to nurture it and allow it to blossom as we evolve, resides on Earth, not in Heaven, with all the human frailty that implies.
To prove the point, immediately after describing offense #1, the rabbis put on virtuoso performances demonstrating the value their authority provides.[10] Offense #1 is to deny that the Torah tells us that the dead will be resurrected after the messiah comes. But scour the Torah, and the normal reader can’t find any such statement, at least in any literal way. Then how do we know? We’ll show you! And they proceed to so do in a display of pages of exegetical brilliance.
In short, the sages’ job, and the project of the Talmud and all subsequent authoritative commentary, is to unfold the hidden meanings in the written text based on Oral Law, received also at Sinai. Though they are human and imperfect, as the varying interpretations show, they are acting in good faith. They’re pros at what they do, and their conclusions have the force of Divine Law. How do we know when a rabbi is authoritative and not just a rebellious sage or a false prophet? It’s complicated, but the Rebbe, R. Menachem Mendel Shneerson, had a good rule of thumb: less authoritative rabbis, probably the majority in the world, routinely compromise laws to to accommodate the pressures of society. “But,” he said, “You shouldn’t sanctify the compromise!”[11]
By rejecting the superficial meaning of epikoros to invoke the deeper more ancient one, Rambam and Ramah and all those who follow are enacting the lesson, self-reflexively: the apparent surface meaning of the Torah doesn’t say anything about resurrection of the dead, but our elaborations show it does incontrovertibly. Epikoros sounds like it refers to a persuasive Greek philosopher, but it really means something else. Watch this performance of our skills … If you deny our reading, as arcane and incredible as it first seems, it is as serious as denying the Torah comes from God. And just as you must build a fence around the Torah, you must also protect not only the dignity, authority and majesty of our rabbinic project of unfolding its hidden meanings, but also our personal dignity, authority, and majesty, even if it makes us look like a mafia and even if we are only human.
Now we can see that the three ways to lose your soul forever not only make sense, they are really re-statements of one principle:
#1 Don’t question the authority of the rabbis because their authority is continuous with the Oral Torah and the Written Torah, which have Divine authority. Encroaching on their personal dignity impugns the truth of their sacred project.
In short, the sages’ bravura performance in Cheilek achieves transcendent coherence. It’s a meta-text that defines even as it demonstrates the meaning of Torah, its continuity and ongoing elucidation on earth through the agency of rabbinical authority.
The Route to Immortality is Paved by Rabbinic Intention
Mock the authority on which the belief rests, become too disputatious, and you’ve become an epikoros. Renounce ownership of your place in it, and your very soul will be destined to roam ownerlessly, orphaned in a desolate, unnamable space with no hope for redemption. Your road to immortality is paved by rabbinic authority.
The proper translation of Olam HaBah is not the static “World to Come,” but the dynamic “World that is Coming.” Heaven is unfolding, approaching, in process, and we’re always on the way to it. The Talmud and our earthly interpretation of Torah are the accomplice and mirror of an Olam HaBah that’s approaching us. The two are coming to greet each other on the road.
October 2019/5780
[1] See the entry on Epicurus in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epicurus/
[2] Long footnote, excerpted from my earlier blogpost on Dante and Catholic theology’s appropriation of the Talmudic concept of epikoros:
In Canto X, Dante and Virgil, his tour guide, visit the sixth ring of hell. It’s filled with open graves where fires perpetually burn the still-conscious bodies in them. Dante asks why the graves are open, and Virgil says,
Within this region is the cemetery
of Epicurus and his followers,
all those who say the soul dies with the body.
After Judgement Day, when everyone else will be resurrected from the dead, they will be deposited here with the bodies they left behind on Earth. Furthermore, as one of the doomed tells Dante,
“… our awareness
will die completely at the moment when
the portal of the future has been shut.”
In short, followers of Epicurus’ seductive philosophy die forever, just as they said would happen: the soul dies with the body. Dante even sees Epicurus himself on his tour. The only problem is that when they die, the Epicureans are shocked to find out they do have eternal souls, those souls go to hell, and instead of winking out of existence they are roasted agonizingly for a very long time in graves. Worse, those “awarenesses” have to live – or should we say die – with the knowledge that they got it all so very wrong. Finally, when the messiah comes – Dante calls that time by the euphemism “visiting Jehosephat” – those souls are judged. While other souls are reunited with their resurrected and refreshed bodies, Epicureans are consigned to be reunited with their rotted corpses and while others live eternally, they die forever. Ouch.
Dante’s Sixth Ring of Hell is based on a very specific discussion among Jews from a thousand years earlier. In the Talmud, (Sanhedrin), the sages discuss the ways Jews can lose their souls forever. They single out the “epikoros” for particular doom. Yet, while Dante was friendly with Jews in his time, and no Jews appear in his version of hell, Dante did not know Hebrew or Aramaic and Dante never read the Talmud. So how and why did Dante echo such arcane Jewish theology? The answer is obviously that Dante really knew his Catholic theology, and it somehow transmitted this bit of arcane Judaism.
Certainly, Jesus was an expert Jewish theologian. And Judaism and Christianity had much more fluid conceptual entanglements in the early centuries after Jesus. As the Roman Empire became the Holy Roman Empire, and Catholic Church solidifies its control over the narrative, Jews become the owners of the “Old” Testament. Off and on (mostly on) are persecuted, killed, ghettoized. The Talmud, which preserves and evolves the core of Jewish tradition. Is eventually burnt. But, a few years before Dante is born, Pope Innocent IV called for the rehabilitation of the Talmud and had very select excerpts translated into Latin in 1245.
But where Dante takes the connection to Epicurus at face value, the Jews have a very different notion of hell, one revealed by their strange refusal to acknowledge Epicurus. The difference between the two versions illustrates two points: one is that the Jewish tradition finds its way into Dante. Epicureans are punished by losing their eternal souls. On the other hand, Dante’s version loses the subtlety of the rabbinical discussion of the epicurean heresy and in doing so illustrates the way the intricacies of Jewish theology are both borrowed and simplified by Christian doctrine. What’s remarkable is that they come to the same conclusion: heresy is denying resurrection of the dead and immortality of the soul and the punishment is to lose the privilege.
For more about the differences between Jewish and Christian concepts of hell, see J. Harold Ellens’ Heaven, Hell and the Afterlife [2013]; Alan Bernstein’s Hell and Its Rivals [2017]).
[3] Sanhedrin 10B; 90A et seq. Sanhedrin 99b-100a
[4] Sanhedrin 99
[5] Rambam on Mishnah Sanhedrin 10:1. (https://www.sefaria.org/Rambam_on_Mishnah_Sanhedrin.10.1?lang=en
[6] The forebear of most European and Near Eastern language from the Early Bronze Age, about 4000 BCE
[7] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek
[8] See https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/caravaggios-imitators-pale-beside-the-painters-irresistable-geni/.
In the interim since I first posted an earlier version of this blog in October, 2018, Fredo has become a news item as a provocateur posted video of insulting a not-very sophisticated but famous newsman by calling him “Fredo.” The newscaster took the bait and threatened violence. Just sayin’.
[9] “According to Tur-Sinai’s note in Ben Yehuda’s dictionary…” David Curwin, “Epikoros,” in Balashon https://www.balashon.com/search?q=epikoros
[10] They do so several times throughout Cheilek, as when Rabbi Yehuda shows that an apparently tainted bird (“a raven”) is kosher (“a dove”) and vice versa. (Sanhedrin 99b5)
[11] See R. Joseph Telushkin, Rebbe (Harper, 2014))
October 4, 2019 October 7, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
When Jews of all peoples don’t realize they are in history, then they inevitably drown in it.
This week’s section of the Torah, Vayelech, the shortest of the year, lays it all out in front of us as a simple straightforward, unambiguous deal. It is Moses’ last day. He has been delivering his final, long speech to the Jews as they are about to enter Israel and conquer it. His passion and concern for the Hebrews transcends the pathos of his impending punishment: he is not allowed to enter Israel with the people he liberated and guided for forty years. His focus in his 35-day exhortation is on reminding them over and over of the terms of the deal: if you abandon G-d, then G-d will abandon you to the predations of other nations. To make it even simpler, Moses in this last day doesn’t demand obedience to all 613 commandments. He cautions against violating only one: worshipping something other than G-d. Betray Him, and He will stop paying attention to you with the special care He has shown you. He liberated you from Egypt, made you literate, gave you the Torah, fed and clothed you in the wilderness, and now brought you to this Promised Land, despite the many times you’ve tested His patience. He’s kept his end of the bargain. All you have to do is avoid worshiping the petty gods of other nations.
And then he’s done with his speech. But before Moses launches into his famous song, a soaring bit of inspired poetry and love song to the relationship between G-d and Israel, G-d takes him aside. He tells him, confidentially, I know these people. They are going to betray me and follow the gods of other nations, even ones they don’t yet know.
וְחָרָה אַפִּי בוֹ בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא וַעֲזַבְתִּים וְהִסְתַּרְתִּי פָנַי מֵהֶם וְהָיָה לֶאֱכֹל וּמְצָאֻהוּ רָעוֹת רַבּוֹת וְצָרוֹת וְאָמַר בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא הֲלֹא עַל כִּי־אֵין אֱלֹהַי בְּקִרְבִּי מְצָאוּנִי הָרָעוֹת הָאֵלֶּה׃
Then My anger will flare up against them, and I will abandon them and hide My face from them. They will be easy prey, and many evils and troubles shall befall them. And they will say on that day, “Surely it is because our God is not in our midst that these evils have befallen us.”
וְאָנֹכִי הַסְתֵּר אַסְתִּיר פָּנַי בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא עַל כָּל־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה כִּי פָנָה אֶל־אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים׃
Yet I will keep My face hidden on that day, because of all the evil they have done in turning to other gods. [Deut 31:17-18]
The root of the words G-d uses to describe His exit from – or at least His disappointment in – His part of the deal – S-T-R – is very particular. It is used once in the first verse and then doubled for emphasis in the next. G-d will hide His face – hastair astere [הַסְתֵּר אַסְתִּיר]. This root word and the image it conjures is used only six times before in the Bible, always to note something about a contract that has gone or will eventually go sideways:
Cain cries out when he realizes his awful fate for killing Abel: Cain realizes G-d will hide His face from him as he roams the Earth as a vagrant. (Gen 4:14)
As Jacob finally parts from his uncle after twenty-one years of deception, Laban, the paragon of deceit and distrust, erects a monument to make sure Jacob will hold up his end of their treaty, “So G-d will watch between you and me even when we can’t see each other.”
Moses hides his face on Sinai as G-d reveals Himself as the same One who made a deal with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. (Ex 3:6)
If a wife commits adultery “undetected” but her husband becomes suspicious, it initiates a serious breach in the social order (in primitive societies it is still the source of revenge or “honor” killings) that can only be healed by a special judicial process for the sotah. (Num 5:13)
G-d will send hornets to destroy those who hide from (abandon) Him, a poetically just punishment since hornets are so personal and particular when they sting. (Deut 7:20)
Hidden (private or secret) sins are [to be left] to G-d. (Deut 29:29)
Together these uses of the root “S-T-R” – hide – resonate with each other across the tapestry of the Hebrew Bible and the history of the Hebrews. Every partnership, relationship, marriage has an aspect of distrust in it. That’s the nature of relationships, and that’s why we have contracts and ketubahs spelling out responsibilities and penalties for not fulfilling those responsibilities. As in human relationships, the contract between Israel and G-d requires both parties paying attention to each other. “Hiding your face” and therefore your gaze from the covenant, turning to foreign gods and idols, breaks it. The consequence is G-d will hide His face from you.
This would be a mere academic exercise in clever wordplay around the root image, except that G-d’s use of the word transcends the text, and history, to prophesy the future unmistakably. Until now it was sprinkled sparsely through the rest of the Torah, but now it occurs three times in two verses and twice, emphatically, together, like trumpet blasts demanding our attention. To what?
A secret vision is revealed to Moses, signaled in this word for hiding. The Talmud nails it. Rav Mattana tells his students that G-d is alluding to the events “involving Esther” and Purim centuries later.
“The verse states… “And I will hide [haster astir] My face on that day for all the evil which they shall have done by turning to other gods.”[1]
Though R. Mattana doesn’t elaborate, we see immediately what he means. Esther’s name derives from the same root, hidden. She’s a crypto-Jew. Even her own husband, King Ahashveros, doesn’t know. Further. G-d Himself is famously hidden in the Megillah. He is never mentioned.
With this key, we see G-d sketch the entire story of the Jews of Persia for Moses. Haman has sent a decree to all the 127 satraps (states) of Persian Empire telling the citizens to kill all the Jews, man woman and child. We don’t tend to pay attention to it as we focus on the genocidal Haman, but the premise for his plot must be that the Jews were in fact living in all those paces, spread out across the Persian Empire.
In other words, if not completely assimilated, Jews were surely well-integrated and mixed with the host culture freely. And they were doing so willingly. Before the events of Purim, Cyrus liberated the Jews from their Babylonian captivity and sent them back to Jerusalem. He even helped erect the Second Temple there. By definition many, maybe the majority, Jews rejected Cyrus’ lovely invitation and chose to remain behind in Persia. They were too comfortable, too settled to go back to Zion. Was it any accident that after inviting them to leave, Persia threatens to completely eliminate them? Or is it fulfillment of G-d’s dire consequences to the Jews of forgetting their deal, one we see over and over again whenever we assimilate: “They will be easy prey …”? Disguised as the oldest, deepest hatred erupting in historical events, it may be hard to see G-d’s actions hiding beneath the surface, the Megillah and this prophecy in Torah tell us He’s there.
Whether by sloth or lack of spirit or lack of faith, Persian Jews broke the covenant with G-d. We don’t know how steeped in idolatry they were. We can only imagine. Epicurus, who invented the idea of a moral, secular atheism in sophisticated Greece, hadn’t yet been born.[2] So it is hard to imagine the Jews there just believed, as many do now, in no god at all. Even if it was just material comfort and assimilation they were after, they chased after other gods.
On the threshold of the fulfillment of His promise to the Hebrews, G-d brings Moses into His confidence and shows him a vista not only in space but in time. He predicts the far-flung, even eternally-recurring future drama of the Jews wherever they are in exile, not just in Persia. Esther’s hidden identity as a Jew foreshadows the status of Jews many times in the Diaspora, even in America. Here we find ourselves more free to identify as Jews anywhere ever since the fall of the Temple, except Israel, but too many of us simply don’t care to. By now, wouldn’t you think we’d know how this is going to work out for us?
When G-d hides His face from the Jews, we have no protection from the forces of hatred and Haman and Hitler that inevitably erupt in our host nations. History is the teacher here. We don’t need to resort to mystical explanations, or the rationalization G-d Himself predicts we will use: “Oh, He broke the deal. Our troubles came because He withdrew.”
As I write these words, it is the afternoon before Shabbat Shuvah, 5780. I am racing the clock. Yom Kippur is next week. So let me end on a note of redemption.
Purim and Yom Kippur are mystically connected, flip sides of the same spiritual coin. R. Joseph Soloveitchik notes the holidays are only superficially different. Beneath, they are the same:
“Purim is a call for Divine compassion and intercession, a mood of petition arising out of great distress…. The pur, the goral of Purim and the casting of lots [for choosing the goats] on Yom Kippur both speak to man’s basic condition of vulnerability, insecurity, and fickleness.”[3]
The two holy days also speak to our ability to choose which way we turn our psyche. I hope and pray that individually and collectively we find the conviction, if not from transcendent words of Torah then from the lessons all around us, to turn back, to do teshuvah, to the covenant we made with G-d. The message of Yom Kippur is that it is never too late to turn our faces to Him so He will keep His loving, indulgent, forgiving face turned to us.
Porush
Simchateo, CA 5780
[1] Chulin 139b
[2] To this day, Persian culture doesn’t have a sophisticated idea of secularism. You are either Muslim, Zoroastrian, or identified with another religion.
[3] Quoted in R. Eliyahu Safran, “Purim and Yom Kippur: An Odd Couple?” OU [https://www.ou.org/holidays/purim/purim_and_yom_kippur/]
July 30, 2019 July 31, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
Dedicated for SHABBAT PINCHAS 2779 to my father-in-law, Philip Oliver Richardson, Z”L”
At first glance, Pinchas, like so many other weekly portions of the Torah, looks like a set of disparate pieces, thrown together with no particular logic. Some are boilerplate, others cinematically compelling. G-d rewards a zealot for a terrible act of violence and launches a war, but instead of taking us to the battle scene (the next week picks it up in Matot-Massei), a long, repetitive census interrupts the action. Five daughters provoke a revision in law and Moses dramatically transfers his power to Joshua, but a boring account of sacrifices deflate the end.
On closer inspection, though, Pinchas is a wonderfully coherent five-act play. Its hero isn’t a person but an idea, a revolutionary new concept of how a nation will transfer its legacy from one generation to another. In fact, at the risk of mixing metaphors, once we untangle (and then put back together) the threads, layers, cross-references, and perspectives on Israel’s legacy, a complex shimmering 3D tapestry – a hologram[1] in which every part resonates with every other and every jot signifies the whole – comes into view.
The events of Pinchas take place as Israel is poised to enter the Promised Land. It advances the theme, begun in Genesis, of a Divine Darwinian experiment to produce a holy species of human being through careful selection and breeding of transcendent traits. The Hebrews pass on their monotheism from generation to generation by choosing children with some unnamed trait that strengthens their receptivity to it (monotheism). Sarah over Hagar, Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau, Rachel over Leah, Joseph over his older brothers, Ephraim over Menashah, the Hebrews again and again select ineffable merit over biological primogeniture. They skirt danger to protect it. They zealously avoid hybridization or commingling with pagans.
If Pinchas (and indeed the whole Torah, one might argue) is a hologram, we could start anywhere to see a representation of the whole theme of this revolution in transmission of legacy. But for simplicity, let’s take these five acts in order.
ACT I: DIVINE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT
In this opening act, G-d rewards the zealot Pinchas, grandson of Aaron and son of Elazar, for executing a Jewish man and Midianite woman in flagrante delicto. G-d grants him a very personal peace covenant (“brit shalom”) and elevates him and all his heirs to the priesthood. Then we are told the names of the criminal couple, Zimri and Cosbi, and their identities as chieftan of Shimon and princess of Midianite. G-d tells Moses to attack and defeat the Midianites because Cozbi tricked the Israelites to worship Ba’al Peor.
The portion splits this opening scene from its natural connection to the end of last week’s (Balak), when Pinchas spears an Israelite man and Midianite woman through their private parts while they copulate in front of the Israelites. Pinchas’ termination of the couple with extreme prejudice puts an end to a plague that kills 24,000 Israelites, presumably also for their immorality and idolatry. Strangely, though, the text only now identifies Pinchas’ lineage, and identifies the couple. Wouldn’t it have been more natural to identify the three main actors, especially Zimri and Cosbi, before Pinchas kills them back there in Balak? Why does the Bible put the cart before the horse?
At the literal level, it contrasts the reward to a righteous actor in the context of his lineage to the punishment of evil actors in the context of theirs. But as we will see, the Torah is announcing a theme as grandly as the opening of Beethoven’s Fifth, one that will repeat throughout the week’s reading: Identity and Reward! Lineage and Legacy!
By killing Zimri, Pinchas has zealously protected the honor – and more importantly the genetic and spiritual purity – of the Jews. Zimri is of the tribe of Shimon, one of Jacob’s twelve sons, his direct descendent. Ironically, Shimon (back in Genesis) led his brothers in a similarly zealous and bloody attack to wipe out an entire town to avenge the rape of their sister by Prince Shechem, also a pagan.[2] Shechem is also the name of the pagan city, as if to signify the confluence between an individual rape and the collective cultural attempt to violate Israel. Shechem plotted to destroy the Hebrews by transforming their prince’s rape of Dinah into a legitimate marriage and in parallel, absorbing all the Hebrews (and their flocks), settling, intermarrying and assimilating them. We know how that works out.
Now Zimri consorts with a pagan and is also punished by a Jewish zealot. And Cosbi is not any ordinary harlot. A princess, she is leading a deliberate campaign by Midian and Moab to seduce, assimilate, and therefore dissolve the Children of Israel by luring them through sex into a particularly abominable form of idolatry that involves opening all their body orifices.[3] After all, why would a privileged royal family choose their own princess to play the whore and seduce an enemy prince, if not as an act of war? In Midian, Cosbi must have been viewed as a war hero who like Mata Hari is courageously engaged in sedition or “sexpionage.” And Zimri isn’t just having a furtive affair. He is flaunting his dissolution in a corrupting public spectacle of intercourse at all levels, including idolatry, with Midian.
For his extreme act on behalf of G-d, Pinchas gets a most personal and remarkable peace pact from Him and better, a priesthood for all his heirs. Though he is a Levite by birth, he had been denied it on technical reasons.[4] Getting the priesthood now by dint of his own actions requires the Supreme Judge to overturn the laws of strictly patrilineal priestly lineage. And Zimri and Cosbi have already gotten their punishment, but we now see how their violent, um, climax fits the enormity of their crime. Further the immediate declaration of war that follows, though not its depiction, makes sense.
When Israel follows G-d ’s demand to attack Midian, they are not just seeking revenge, nor are they just flexing their new-found muscle as a successful warrior nation, practicing for the conquest of Zion. Rather, they are waging war, on a grander scale than Shimon’s, to eliminate a genetic threat to the Israel’s purity and integrity and thus the Jews’ entire evolutionary project. Nor are they waging an unprovoked war of imperial aggression. It is a pre-emptive strike against a deliberate campaign of cultural sedition, an existential threat of assimilation to idolatry, orchestrated by their enemies, Midian and Moab. Thus G-d tells the Jews to both “bind” them [צָר֖וֹר] and “defeat” them [וְהִכִּיתֶ֖ם]. (Num 25:17)[5]
ACT II: APPORTIONING THE PROMISED LAND BY LEGACY AND LOTTERY
Moses and Eleazar take a census of the tribes so they can divvy up the Promised Land once they occupy it. In an extended passage, the Torah details the count and genealogy of each of the tribes and explains how the land will be divided proportionately by tribe (except the Levites) but by lot for individual families.
On the surface, the census is a rational way to apportion the Land of Israel to the tribes, but it does not disrupt the status quo of inheritances. But the census also implicitly tells a story about their fates in the forty years of wandering. First, the good news. Although they faced many trials and temptations, Moses has delivered them more or less intact after forty years. All the tribes report for duty as they are about to enter the Promised Land. Further, they have successfully preserved their genetic legacy from their ancestors in Genesis. The tribes have a ‘heh’ [ ה] appended to the front and a ‘yud’ [ י] to the end of their names. Rashi tells us this is G-d ’s name, a stamp or hecksher on their genetic purity which they maintained even through their years of slavery in Egypt (a “biblical DNA test.”[6])
Yet the census also paints a darker picture. The Israelites have not flourished. Almost the exact same number exit the wilderness as entered. Some tribes have shrunk and others have flourished. Some were led astray by their leaders (most notably the Shimonites because of the plague that has just struck). Some families disappeared through various misadventures: other plagues decimated them, snakes bit them to death, or the earth swallowed them. Some lost heart. Even at this last moment before success, some Benjamites returned to Egypt.
In other words, those who lacked merit perished. G-d ’s Finger has still stirred the pot of selection and reward of the generations, even before they take the census. As we shall see, even in this actuarial exercise He is still tampering, though in a furtive way. Individual families within the tribes get their allocations of land through a lottery. Its full significance of which emerges in the next act.
ACT III: WOMENS’ RIGHTS TO THE LEGACY OF LAND
The five daughters of Zelophechad, a man who has died for a sin he committed in the desert without sons, petition Moses. If they – Noa, Mahlah, Hoglah, Milcah and Tirzah – are denied their inheritance just because they’re women and the only descendants left, then their real estate will pass out of the tribe and go to another through marriage? Moses consults with G-d , since there is no precedent, neither among the Jews nor anywhere else in the history of the world, for women getting land inheritance. They win their case. G-d amends or clarifies the laws of inheritance to extend to all daughters in the same circumstance, thus staging a quiet, but incredible feminist revolution.
This scene is the center and fulcrum of Pinchas. Why? Because the daughters’ petition, like any dramatic court case, brings two opposing positive values into collision. On the one side, there is the status quo inheritance followed everywhere else in the world, strictly a dumb biological matter: only male heirs get the goodies. On the other side, there is the merit of the daughters’ and their argument. First, they base their plea not on selfish reasons but for the greater good. If there are no male heirs, and women aren’t permitted to inherit the land, then it will pass from the tribe through marriage. Think of the gerrymandering if, for instance, a county in California was suddenly a legal part of Mississippi. The daughters’ case is also sort of based on the merit of their father, who did some bad things but wasn’t so sinful that he lost his share in Israel by participating in the Korach rebellion.[7])
And finally, as the sages note, women have a special love for the Land of Israel, whereas men lead rebellions and continually whine to go back to Egypt, and so women merit an inheritance, too.
To note the cosmically disruptive nature of the event, the Torah marks the final ‘nun’ of the Hebrew word for their petition. It appears heavier, larger, and elongated, reaching forcefully above and below the line:
Perhaps the sign recognizes the special love of women – in Hebrew, nashim with a nun – for the land. [8]
Merit and not biology determines the daughters’ inheritance. Their revolution recapitulates Pinchas’ elevation to the priesthood. On the one hand, he should obviously have had it by dint of his genealogy – he is Aaron’s grandson and Eleazar’s son! – and is denied only because of a technicality. He finally gets it on the merit of his heroic prosecution of G-d ’s will. Your actions in your lifetime can balance the scorecard of blind law and transform it into true justice.
The daughters’ drama also sheds light on a peculiar part of Act II: land is parceled out to individual families within the tribes via a lottery (the throwing of a lot, the ‘goral’). But as Rashi points out, the Torah says al pi hagoral (Num 26:56), literally “on the mouth of the lot,” usually interpreted “by the voice/authority of the lot.” The throwing of the lot channels G-d ’s authority. Its “voice” is the Divine one. In other words, it would be too complex and contentious for humans to apportion the precious and permanent Holy Land among brothers or cousins. Divine will can be executed without hard feelings if it is disguised as dumb luck .
Finally, this third Act, like a well-wrought Shakespearean drama pivots – crosses the border – from genetic inheritance to meritocratic reward, framing the drama of succession that follows.
ACT IV: LEADERSHIP AND LEGACY
G-d tells Moses to ascend Abarim, near Jericho, to see the Promised Land he will not enter because he’s being punished for the incident with the rock. Instead he will die, albeit peacefully, “gathered to his kin as Aaron was.” Moses (selflessly) asks G-d to appoint a successor. G-d tells Moses to take Joshua and scripts several steps Moses has to take to pass leadership to him.
Moses has just brought the petition of the five daughters to G-d. They got a positive hearing. Wouldn’t it be natural for him now, of all times, facing his own death sentence and punishment, to plead his own case, to ask for a break on his own fate? You could argue that after forty years of embattled and painful leadership he deserves to be forgiven, to see the fulfillment of his mission. Others might say that G-d is provoking Moses to ask by taunting him with the view of a reward denied him, or perhaps testing him one last time. At least, you would think, it shouldn’t hurt to ask.
But instead of trying to ensure his own future, or even the future of his heirs, Moses selflessly asks G-d to ensure the future of his flock. His humility fills the moment with pathos and majesty.
In return, G-d grants Moses’ wish and scripts a six-step transfer of leadership.
Choose Joshua, a “spirited/inspired man”
Lean your hand on him (smicha – ordination)
Stand him in front of Eleazar and the community
Commission [charge/ordain/command] him
Give your authority (“glory” [הוד]) to him so all the Children of Israel will listen to him
And Joshua will stand before Eleazar to consult the Urim. By this “instruction they will go out and by this instruction they shall come in.”
Moses follows G-d ’s instructions precisely (except he lays both hands on Joshua). The public performance introduces yet another civilizing innovation into the world: the peaceful transfer of power from one ruler with more or less absolute – or at least ultimate – authority to another based on personal merit rather than pedigree or power. Joshua is preferred over Moses’ sons. He hasn’t seized power by coup or conquest. Eleazar sanctifies his anointment by consulting the Urim, the jeweled device the high priests wears to tune to the channel of G-d ’s will.
And he shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before the LORD; at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation. (Num 28:21)
The language of this one verse reveals the complexity and depth of the succession drama. First, it neatly ties together the whole act, pointedly repeating the language of Moses’ earlier plea to provide a leader…
…who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd (Num 27:17)
Second, it connects Joshua’s leadership to the Divine mission: Moses has already transmitted his hod – authority or majesty – to Joshua by laying hands on him. (Its intimacy reminds me of the Vulcan mind meld in the Star Trek series[9]). But it ensures that all the people see that this investiture is not merely human: it comes through Eleazar the priest picking up the phone to get G-d’s assent.
Third, it resonates with Act I and brings its theme forward. Remember, Act I first seemed artificially severed from the sequence in Balak, but it separates G-d ’s investiture of priesthood in Pinchas from the bloody narrative. Now we see its full meaning. Although by heredity Pinchas should already have been a kohen (but missed out on a shaky technicality), he still requires a personal exemption, an anointment, by G-d. Moses, too, anoints Joshua, but the human transfer of power in front of the whole nation, however intimate and majestic, still requires Heaven’s imprimatur. What Pinchas earns through zealotry and violence, Joshua earns by peaceful excellence.
Finally, Act IV frames Act V, providing a smooth segue to the detailing of sacrifices to be brought to the priests. More importantly, it reveals the essence of Israel in the new world it is about to enter under Joshua’s command, a dream of Zion. Israel’s national center and source of power, integrity, and meaning is not in its military or political identity, and not in its mere physical occupation of a Promised Land apportioned to the tribes. Rather it lies in the holy confederated activities that connect all the people to G-d by the priests in the Temple in its spiritual capital, Jerusalem. Holy federalism trumps and invests meaning in divisive state (tribal) claims to the land.
ACT V: THE KOHENS’ LEGACY
This final act details the daily offerings and those for Shabbat, Rosh Chodesh, Pesach, Shavuot, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Succot, and Shemini Atzeret.
This parsha is read more frequently than any other in Torah. It is brought out for every occasion it describes except the daily offering. It wouldn’t be dignified if it was just an afterthought at the tail end of a disparate collection of events. Instead, this play has begun with a dramatization of the merit and investiture of a single priest and ends with the merit of all priests, tying together a poetic composition about a new, Jewish idea of legacy. After all, what could be a more essential and poignant lesson to drive home to the tribes as they are about to born into a nation?
A census apportions the Promised Land to the tribes fairly, though they haven’t even entered it. It’s another utopian promise to the Children of Israel about their future national identity. The Levites get no land. Instead, they are counted differently and their inheritance is the most precious of all: they get the Temple and its sacrifices. They enable the common man to take part in the holy. They are interlocutors between the physical and the metaphysical. The first, often-overlooked part of the sacrificial instructions, the daily offerings, emphasizes this. How can every Israelite bring a daily offering, especially given the vast extent of the land which has just been divvied up to the tribes? They can’t. Instead, the priests perform this transaction for everyone. They are avatars for all Israelites individually to earn their portion – their cheilik – in the World(s) to Come.
In this manner, the final act, far from being an obligatory coda about sacrifices in the Temple, brings the coherence and power of the whole Pinchas play to a magnificent finale. If every part of a hologram represents the whole, all parts are equal. But this may make Pinchas more equal than others. It defines, in fact, the entire character of Israel as it sits on the border of the land it has not yet occupied and its national destiny.
The constitution – the essence – of the nation-to-be is transactional, political and metaphysical all at once. It is personal and universal, bloody real requiring war and violent zealotry, and yet ineffable. Like all good deals, all parties benefit. People of the tribes get land, even orphan daughters. The priests get the most precious allocation as well as a portion of everyone’s wealth. Every citizen gets a line to G-d. Israel is thus transformed into a communal, if not communistic, theological democracy of shared inheritances, legacies, and successions. Pinchas shows these are transferred the old worldly way of the rest of the nations, by genetic heritage, when it is good to do so. But it is also transferred by merit, a new innovation in the history of civilizations, when it is good to do so. And in all matters, legacies are allocated by Divine decree. Either G-d ’s voice tells Moses directly, or the voice of the lot or the voice of the Urim tell us, or His Finger stirs the pot of history as it did in the forty years trek to this point, as the census told us.
And the Ultimate Party to this deal, what does He get out of it? He gets to savor the sweet smell ( רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי ) of the sacrifices from his chosen people. Its incense gives Him pleasure, nachas, for sublime reasons beyond our comprehension.
“Simchateo,” California 5779
(Thanks as always to my extended chavrusa for inspiring me and challenging my farfetched connections as well as catching and amending my many errors in logic, fact, reference, and interpretation.)
[1] Holograms work by recording interference patterns. If you drop a pebble into a pond, it creates a wave that ripples out eventually to every point in the pond. If you drop thousands of pebbles, those waves will all run into (interfere with) each other: some will become higher waves, some will get smaller. If you took a snapshot of this pattern of “interference” at any small subsection of the pond, you would be able to see the effects of every pebble that had been dropped into the pond, essentially getting a miniature picture of the entire rippling pond.
A hologram works the same way. If you shine a laser light through a smaller piece of a hologram, you get the entire image in miniature.
[2] Rabbeinu Bachya explains the importance of Zimri’s lineage as “prince of a father’s house of the Shimonites.” “He was one of five such princes of the tribe of Shimon (Ibn Ezra). Concerning him Solomon said in Kohelet 10:8: ‘he who breaks down a wall will be bitten by a snake.’ The ancestral father, Shimon, had killed the people of Shechem for treating his sister like a whore (Genesis 34,31) and now one of his descendants had himself become guilty of tearing down the wall of chaste sexual mores established and defended by his forebear (Tanchuma Pinchas 2).
[3] Worship of Baal-Peor, according to Talmud, which involved defecating in front of an idol. This was the same practice Bilam engaged in when he worshipping Baal on Mount Peor and thus the Talmud explains is a continuation of his goal to annihilate the Jews, this time by hatching the plan of sedition with the princes of Moab and Midian. Sanhedrin 64a.
[4] Which begs the question: Why does Pinchas need this confirmation if he is already the grandson and son of priests? Rashi explains: Although the kehunah [priesthood] had already been given to Aaron’s descendants, it had been given only to Aaron and his sons who were anointed with him [that is, at the time of the giving of the Torah] and to their children whom they would beget after their anointment. Pinchas, who was born before that and had never been anointed, had not been included in the kehunah until now. And so, we learn in [Talmud Tractate] Zevachim [101b], “Phinehas was not made a kohen until he killed Zimri.”
[5] See Rashi and Chizkuni who point to the inifinitive form of the verb “to bind.” They say it indicates an ongoing war against Midian’s corrupting influences (and by implication, remaining on guard against any kind of seduction and assimilation to a hostile culture). Or Ha-Chaim is expansive on this verse. Among many other ideas he finds in it, he explains the Israelites must both defeat and “harass” (or contain) them on an ongoing basis to guard against “the ongoing machinations of the Midianites to entrap the Israelites into worshiping Baal Pe-or and in indulging in acts such as had been performed by Kosbi. The Israelites had to hate the cause of the sin not merely the sin itself. The reason the Torah singled out Kosbi was because she represented the additional allure of aristocracy plus the fact that she had engaged in her seduction publicly.” (Or HaChaim to Numbers 25:17)
[6] See Rabbi Gordon’s podcat, Pinchas II https://player.fm/series/daily-chumash-with-rashi-video-2105793/rabbi-gordon-pinchas-2nd-portion
[7] Rashi explains: Their father Zelophechad was the man who was slain for gathering wood on Shabbat but his act came from misguided zeal. He was allegedly trying to show not to light fires on Shabbat. https://player.fm/series/daily-chumash-with-rashi-video-2105793/rabbi-gordon-pinchas-3rd-portion
[8] Some hold that because the Hebrew letter nun stands for 50 this elongated nun is referencing the Kabbalah, which says there are fifty gates of wisdom (binah). Moses attained 49 but couldn’t penetrate to the 50th and so refers the case to G-d and thus the extra reach and significance of the elongated, bold nun. See Targum Yonathan, Meam Loez
[9] Stars Leonard Nimoy (Mr. Spock) and William Shatner (Captain Kirk), and creator Gene Roddenberry of the legendary 1960s TV show and subsequent mythology were all Jewish. Leonard Nimoy allegedly also introduced the split-fingered sign of the kohen into the show.
March 20, 2019 July 21, 2019 David Porush1 Comment
The Talmud re-reads Esther and the Purim story to teach Jews in exile how to deal with false prophets.
Continue reading “We Are All Esther: Prophecy in Exile” →
March 5, 2019 March 13, 2019 David PorushLeave a comment
In honor of my grandfather, Shlomo Zalman Porush, Z”L, whose yahrzeit is today. May his memory be for a blessing.
According to the Torah, the Jews exit Egypt in 1313 BCE. Moses brings down the Ten Commandments and writes the Book of the Covenant (the Torah itself) at Sinai seven weeks later. They wander the desert for forty more years, and then under the leadership of Joshua begin a campaign to take control of the Promised Land in 1273 BCE. By around 1060 BCE they have succeeded enough to elect a king, Saul, who is followed by David (1040-970 BCE) and then Solomon (1000-931 BCE).
Archeologists have debated for a couple of centuries whether these legendary figures actually existed and these events occurred, and if they did, how closely they hew to the traditional Jewish timeline. Yet, we keep discovering more and more convincing archeological evidence that the Torah is stunningly accurate both in the particulars of its account and the fit between its timeline and history.
Four-room home from from Izbet Sartah in the Judahite hill country of Israel, ca. 1100 BCE. Image from Yigal Levin, “Ancient Israel Through a Social Scientific Lens” [2]
One of the most recent of these discoveries is a singular bit of architecture, the four-room house. A distinctive home floor plan, it appears suddenly throughout Israel at precisely the same time as the Hebrews enter the Promised Land (according to the Torah, 1273-1050 BCE) and quickly spreads throughout the territories occupied by the twelve tribes of Israel (including the parts of Transjordan they occupied).[1]
It’s a simple but elegant design: an extended family’s home, separated into four major spaces. The sudden emergence and rapid spread of the layout was like the popularity of Sears modular homes in the early twentieth century or, even more, the Levittowns throughout suburban post-war America, beginning with William Levitt’s ingenious innovation on Long Island in 1947.
Sears four-room home (plus bathroom), ca 1910.
This curiously modern-seeming bit of ancient architecture appears nowhere else at the time. It springs into existence suddenly upon the settlement of Israel by the Jews. throughout the land. And no similar home layouts exist in any of the surrounding civilizations, remaining unique to the Jews for at least a couple of centuries. The repetition of the same layout is so prevalent, the craze begs for an explanation beyond mere fad or imitation of the Joneses (or Goldbergs).
The Levittowns, we know, were driven by the convergence of several factors all at once: returning GIs were eager to claim a share of the American dream; they were of the age to start families (giving rise to the Baby Boom); the GI Bill provided them with instant financing for new homes at a fraction of their costs; the automobile enabled these new families to live well beyond city centers where jobs and expensive homes were; and William Levitt applied assembly-line and modular construction principles to rapid homebuilding.
Simple 1947 & 1949 Levittown four-room layouts
Similarly, the establishment of a kingdom exclusively for the Jews in Israel enabled them to erect towns and cities atop the ones they destroyed or in new settlements with this totally new design of the home. More importantly, though, the four-room home expressed a cultural shift, a new vision of how people should live together in family units. This new social and cultural order was encoded in their new, and transcendent contract with God, the Torah that they carried into Israel after their forty year wanderings through the desert. The family unit is central to the new idea of the cosmos encoded in the Torah, and the four-room home enabled the Jews to devote the care and attention to domestic arrangements it mandated.
Particularly, the simple architecture – or as Avraham Faust elegantly calls it in a recent article, its “space syntax” – solved a spiritual problem. Faust shows how this new home set aside one of the four spaces for family members who were temporarily in a state of ritual impurity, such as women who are menstruating or men who suffer nocturnal emissions. Anthropology shows us that most traditional cultures have strong ideas of separating clean from unclean and ritual ideas of pure and impure. Yet all the other ones we know about universally sequester the impure in separate quarters. They’re removed from the family and quarantined, as Faust notes, “in separate houses, huts, tents, or even caves or rock shelters.”[4] usually in a “no-man’s land” outside the main settlement or encampment.
While this might have been a welcome vacation or break from family duties, and anthropologists report that there same-sex bonding and community news-sharing, imagine what this arrangement did to the average family, as mother or father or sister or brother had to stay away for what could be several days. We can also imagine what mischief or temptations it invited. The whole scheme courts trouble, or at very least, the loosening of familial bonds and integrity.
The genius of the four-room house was that it resolved the struggle between two temporarily conflicting sacred commitments: to purity and family unity. The architecture enabled Jews to sequester in place: to quarantine the impure, separate holy from temporarily unholy, yet still preserve their other sacred duty to family cohesion. Further, the “spatial syntax” speaks of another subtle message, hidden in the stones: you may be impure, but you’re still loved, still a part of us, still a person, still integral to our well-being. Your temporary state has neither de-personed you nor made you abnormal nor severed family ties. You are not in a state of living death, only in a passing phase of temporary constraint. I imagine the enforced separation at home even invited a form of mindfulness about your relationships.
It is not uncommon for a conquering nation to put its stamp on new territory by building its own distinctive architecture and monuments on the rubble of the vanquished. The sudden appearance of the four-room architecture shows that the Jews did it when they transformed Canaan to Israel circa 1200 BCE. But this convergence of architecture, archeology, sociology, history, and metaphysics carries a much more breathtaking story. By giving us material proof of how the Jews suddenly entered the Land of Israel and transformed its living spaces, it confirms that the Torah is much more than a nation’s mythology, or even a stunningly accurate history. The four-room home embodied a new concept of family as metaphysical, where holiness, intimacy, mercy, fidelity, and love are all entwined. It transformed the new Israelite home into an abode for body and soul.
Thanks to Dr. Elliot Lepler, Marcos Frid, Liki Abrams, Dr. Gary Goldstein, and Gary Leight for their crucial suggestions and requests for clarification.
See Herschel Shanks, “The Four-Room House: Ancient Israel’s Major Architectural Achievement,” Biblical Archeology Review July/August 2017. See also Shlomo Bunimovitz and Avraham Faust, “Ideology in Stone: Understanding the Four-Room House,” Biblical Archeology Review July/August 2002.
Yigal Levin, “Ancient Israel Through a Social-Scientific Lens,” Biblical Archeology Review Sept/Oct 2014.
Avraham Faust, “Purity and Impurity in Iron Age Israel,” Biblical Archeology Review March/April 2019, p. 36. See also the accompanying sidebar by Shanks, p. 40.
Faust, p. 38.
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The Natural Religion
Unnatural Religions
The Terrestrial Temple
The Year Cycle
Otherworld
Monotheism and Scientism
The Warrior Spirit
Wolves and Dogs
Why Draug Is Not Heathen
The Draugar passionately embrace the Pagan Warrior Spirit that has been neglected and shunned since the reign of Christ. Thus we take Thor, the Divine Warrior, as our chieftain.
To reawaken the Warrior Spirit does not mean we must bear axes and shields; we are not reconstructionists and larpers. Nor does it mean that we must act like aggressive, angry assholes. The Warrior Spirit is a mindset, it is the axe of consciousness.
It is to see clearly through the fog of lies.
It is to find a cause, and struggle for it, no matter the cost.
It is to embrace wrath, rather than to fearfully reject it.
It is to expertly wield your wrath like a skilled swordsman, and channel its raw power towards the betterment of this world.
When awakened, the Warrior Spirit is that which cannot be tamed.
In the twenty-first century, this accursed age of domestication and materialism, the Warrior Spirit is needed more than ever.
The Draugar look for that spirit within themselves, and seek to use it against the oppressive systems that trample all over our world today.
A WARRIOR MYTHOS
The Warrior Spirit is the fearless, relentless determination that possessed the Norse warriors when they dared the attempt to halt the approaching menace of the Church and its empire.
Norse mythology is a fearsome beast; a vast and immense emanation of the ancient, hardy spirit of the north. In the cold, dark lands of the ancient Norse, life itself was a constant war against the forces of darkness, and the onset of winter was an annual death threat. They were moulded and hardened by these conditions, imbued with a ferocious determination, the relentless hardiness of the warrior. Today, death is often a far-off thing, a shocking thing, a tragedy. Back then, death was a neighbour. Death haunted every day as a warning finger. The Norse had to be a people unbroken, or else they would have certainly perished.
The Aesir are steeped in war, and Asgard is like a great light amid a terrible abyss of darkness. The Gods are warriors and commanders, great fighters bearing mighty weapons. Odin is the mighty leader who leads the host of Asgard against the forces of chaos and darkness. The Warrior Spirit itself is exemplified and embodied by Thor, the Mighty One, the Terror of Giants, the Champion of Asgard.
There were times when the mythos showed a preference for the magical qualities of wisdom and knowledge possessed by the Gods, but in times of war, their warlike qualities came to the fore. Much of our current knowledge of Norse mythology comes from the Viking Age, a desperate time of war and upheaval.
In such an age, the Norse warriors had to be like priests of war, an earthly embodiment of the warrior spirit. They dedicated their lives to that blazing inner fire, sanctified and ritualised it. The warrior’s life was sacred. The warrior cults had their own rites, rituals and traditions, they had battle spells, charmed weapons, powerful totem beasts of war, they ritualised the very act of battle in a passionate embrace of the darkness, for in battle they wielded the power of death. To the priests of war, battle was a sacred act, a vivid earthly manifestation of the battle of life and death, the light and the dark. In battle, they became terrible forces of nature.
The soft southern Christian soldier shat himself to behold the terrifying, otherworldly warrior of the north.
Every Norse warrior sought to win renown, to live and die heroically. To live a meaningless life, and to die a meaningless death was their worst nightmare.
Today we live in the age of meaningless lives and meaningless deaths.
In this age, we do not need to take up weapons and fight battles to live heroically. We need simply reject the desire to conform, to shun this need to be validated by people who largely do not know what they are talking about. We need to look at the state of this fallen world and allow it to infuriate us. This fury will fuel the engine of your creative passion which you will wield toward the betterment of this world.
But beware. Fury is a dangerous thing. You must explore it safely. The warrior is the master of their own fury. To be mastered by your fury is to become an animal.
There are great unseen forces in this world, and it is no accident that we today revive the warrior mythology of the Norse, in which the Gods themselves are armed, armoured, and ready for battle. We are a people scattered and divided, a people broken and oppressed. If we are to endure and overcome, we must be hard, fierce, and ready to defend ourselves.
Make no mistake, western civilisation is on its last legs. An age of war approaches. We must be ready, for out of those fires we must emerge ferociously, ready to reclaim that which is ours.
Any and all who hear the call of the Aesir in their heart must cultivate the Warrior Spirit, and feel it burning as a fire within them. This world is governed by chaos, destruction, division, and ignorance. Are we not people of the Aesir, the divine warriors who resist the forces of chaos?
The world of today is not our world.
But we must make it so.
The Draugar seek to become the Hammer on Earth.
We wish to hallow and purify the Earth through the destruction of the profane.
Much, much more will be said of the Warrior Spirit in due time.
Hail Mighty Thor
God of the People
God of Destruction
God of Rebirth
Draug © 2019 All Rights Reserved.
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Cranbrook Academy of Art Museum1
Ferriss, Hugh 1889-1962177
architectural drawings[remove]180
Hugh Ferriss architectural drawings and papers[remove]180
Avery Library180
Hugh Ferriss Architectural Drawings180
Showing results for: Library Collection Hugh Ferriss architectural drawings and papers Remove constraint Library Collection: Hugh Ferriss architectural drawings and papers Format/Genre architectural drawings Remove constraint Format/Genre: architectural drawings
61. La Guardia Airport (Queens, New York, N.Y.)
Ferriss, Hugh 1889-1962
Collection Name: Hugh Ferriss architectural drawings and papers
Date: [undated]
Item in Context: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/inside/units/ldpd/avery/html/
62. Larkin Building (Buffalo, N.Y.)
Date: [n.d.]
63. Lever House (New York, N.Y.)
Date: [circa 1953]
64. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
Date: [1960 or before]
Date: May, 1959.
Date: Dec. 8, 1955.
Date: Nov. 11, 1960.
72. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (New York, N.Y.)
Date: undated
Date: Sept. 3-Oct. 1, [19]55.
Date: [before 1960]
Date: [195-]
79. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (New York, N.Y.).Site plan
80. Lincoln Center of the Performing Arts
81. Merchandise Mart (Chicago, Ill.)
82. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.).Alterations
83. Migratory labor camp (Woodville, Calif.)
84. Migratory labor camp (Yuba City, Calif.)
85. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
Date: 11/12/59.
87. National Museum of History and Technology
89. National Presbyterian Church (Washington, D.C.)
Date: Dec. 1954.
90. New York Public Library
91. New York School of Printing (New York, N.Y.)
92. New York Times Building (New York, N.Y.)
Date: [ca. 1961]
Date: Apr. 15, [19]61.
96. New York Times Building (New York, N.Y.).Alterations
97. New York World's Fair (1939-1940)
Date: [1936-1953.]
100. New York World's Fair (1939-1940)
Date: [circa 1936-40.]
Date: [circa 1936-1940.]
Date: 8-24-36.
104. New York World's Fair(1939-1940)
Date: [1936-1953]
105. New York World's Fair(1939-1940).Perisphere
106. New York tribune
107. Norris Dam (Tenn.)
108. Norriss Dam (Tenn.)
109. Ohio Steel Foundry (Lima, Ohio)
Date: [before 1953.]
111. Parking garage
112. Pius XII Memorial Library
113. Power in buildings.Airplane sketch
114. Red Rocks Amphitheater (Colo.)
117. Red Rocks Park (Colo.)
Date: August 7, [19]41.
119. Reyburn Plaza (Philadelphia, Pa.)
120. Rockefeller Center
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east of 8th
independent thoughts on alternative music
Eo8 ON LOCATION: FORECASTLE FESTIVAL, DAY 3
eastof8th / July 21, 2017
As quickly as things had begun in Louisville, they were coming to an end with day three of Forecastle upon us. The festival grounds early on Sunday were already sweltering as we made our way to see Nashville indie pop favorites Coin, who had just begun their set on the Main Stage to a much-larger-than-I-had-expected audience. We fell into place among the crowd and enjoyed the fun and fresh music of the up-and-coming band from our home in Tennessee who tore up the stage like veteran headliners. Moving, shaking, and giving the crowd everything they could handle, Chase Lawrence interacted with the us as the shrill screaming of teenage girls pierced the air. Each song felt fresh and full of life; Coin is seriously going places and it was evident on Sunday that their talent is propelling them straight to the top.
Next on the agenda was the now legendary screamin’ eagle of soul, Charles Bradley and His Extraordinaires. There’s nothing like a Charles Bradley concert–one of the most fun and inspiring experiences I have had the pleasure of enjoying. Charles Bradley has quite the story; his music career didn’t start until he was in his seventies, and since then he has been spreading love and cheer as far and wide as possible. He is a soul artist, drawing from influences like Otis Redding, Sam Cooke, and James Brown–and he has as much soul as any of the bunch. He dances and sways to the music and gives everything he’s got to give, whether that is wonderful pelvic thrusts, marching around stage with the mic stand over his shoulder, or flapping his arms like a bird, there is never a dull moment with Bradley. Not only is he an exquisite entertainer, but his band The Extraordinaires’ soulful yet disciplined musicianship is the perfect complement to Bradley’s authentic and raw talent. He ended the show by throwing roses to the crowd, as he thanked us all with much sincerity.
Next, we decided to go check out new indie pop sensation LANY, and they were exactly what has been advertised. With an eccentric sound reminiscent of 80’s pop loaded with synthesizers and thumping bass, LANY sounded great on the Ocean Stage even over the blood-curdling screams of those above-mentioned high school girls.
I had my fix of the new band and decided to go check out another band that has been picking up steam lately, Big Thief, an indie rock band from Brooklyn who combines wonderfully honest and poignant lyrics that reflect normal life situations with a fresh perspective. The music is simple yet powerful in delivery as the rhythm drives each line. The vocals of lead singer Adrianne Lenker are the punch in the gut that you never see coming, and the performance they gave on the Port Stage was entrancing in all the best ways–no flashing lights, gimmicks, or cover ups, just a thought-provoking and soul-deepening experience. Big Thief is a breath of fresh air and one of the best new bands of the past few years.
The last show we were able to see on Sunday was none other than Conor Oberst. Best known as the lead man for indie folk band, Bright Eyes, Oberst has made a successful career on his own as a solo artist. Oberst is currently touring with The Felice Brothers as his backing band and they added a punch that I’ve never seen from a live Oberst performance. Playing mostly songs from his latest record Salutations, Oberst and the band played songs that spanned his expansive catalogue, most of which were completely reworked for this band, which made the songs feel new. It was a fun and brilliant performance, that was one of the best of the weekend and our time at Forecastle. Until next year!
[This review was crafted by the multi-talented James Farley; you can follow him at https://jamesfarleymusic.wordpress.com. These lovely photos were provided by the incomparable Nathan Pirkle; you can see more of his genius on display at http://nrpirkle.wixsite.com/photography.]
July 21, 2017 in Live Show Reviews, Photos. Tags: alt-pop, alt-rock, alt-soul, Big Thief, Charles Bradley and his Extraordinaires, Coin, concert photography, Conor Oberst, festival coverage, festival photography, Forecastle Music Festival, indie rock, LANY, Live Show Reviews
A Look Back At Day 2 of the 2019 Mempho Music Festival
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LIVE SHOW REVIEW: ROSE OF THE WEST
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A Look Back At Day 2 of the 2019 Mempho Music Festival January 10, 2020
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Miranda’s New BF Plus Shelton Says Clarkson Has No Chance In Today’s Country News
In Touch Weekly Magazine claims Miranda Lambert is dating Turnpike Troubadours lead singer Evan Felker. A source tells the magazine; “They are very much involved and started spending a lot more time together while on the road. Things just “happened.” The band is planning to tour again with Miranda this summer.
Evan’s wife Staci filed for a divorce on February 28th according to Radar Online. A source tells Hollywoodlife.com; “Staci had no other choice but to file for divorce. She was devastated.”
Hollywoodlife.com claims Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani may elope. A source tells the website; “Timing is everything for Gwen and Blake, and they both know they will probably marry each other, it’s only a matter of when. They talk about it all the time, and the way they live together it’s like they are already married. With their busy schedules, Gwen has even talked to Blake about skipping the engagement and instead just eloping on a beach, or in the country somewhere when the romantic mood is right, which is fine by Blake. Gwen is happy with Blake and her boys right now and she knows marrying Blake is inevitable. She loves him and couldn’t imagine living without him.”
Little Big Town was recently performing in concert when they brought their kids out on stage to dance and sing as they were performing ”Happy People”.
New Weekly Magazine claims Keith Urban allegedly wants Nicole Kidman to take a break so they can spend more time together. A source tells the Aussie magazine; “He really wants her to take time off so they can spend more time together as a family. He knows they can get back to where they were if they work at it.”
Blake Shelton tells E! News that Kelly Clarkson has no chance to win The Voice.”All three of the other coaches suck and Kelly is one of them. When she says she has a chance to win this show, well there’s a chance a meteor could come down and kill us all.”
Kane Brown tells Billboard magazine that he knew his hit song ”Heaven” was special the first time he heard it. “My first impression when I heard ‘Heaven’ was ‘do not let anyone else have that song! I’m putting it on hold’. I knew it was special from the first time I heard it, and I thought my fans would love it as much as I did. The song really did have an immediate reaction, as soon as we released it. I did my first arena headlining show this past December, and there was a sold-out crowd of almost 8,000 people. There was nothing like hearing about 8,000 fans sing every single word back to you for the first time.”
Previous Chisum Project Graduation Color Fun Run Coming May 5
Next North Texas Gang Member Set To Die For Double Murder
At The Movies For Friday Jan. 17
At The Movies For Friday January 10
Holiday Spotlight: New Year’s Eve
Holiday Spotlight: Today Is National Fruitcake Day
At The Movies For Friday Dec. 27
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Saturday, May 20 • 12:00 - 13:00
KEYNOTE: The Power of Algorithms - Algorithmic Accountability Reporting
Algorithms are coming to adjudicate decisions in nearly all facets of the public and private sectors. But despite the potential for efficiency gains, algorithms fed by big data can also amplify structural discrimination or produce errors that deny services to individuals – the close monitoring of such systems is paramount. Algorithmic accountability reporting is a new form of journalism that is emerging to apply the core journalistic functions of watchdogging and investigative reporting to algorithms. In this talk Diakopoulos will discuss how algorithmic accountability reporting is used by journalists as a method for articulating the power structures, biases, and influences that computational artifacts play in society.
Brigitte Alfter
Managing Editor, Journalismfund.eu
Co-founder and Managing Editor at Journalismfund.eu, a support structure for in-depth, innovative and independent journalism in Europe. Brigitte is a senior Danish-German journalist, she has won multiple awards and is proud that these awards were always granted to her and team members.Having... Read More →
Nick Diakopoulos
Assistant Professor, Northwestern University, Chicago
Nicholas Diakopoulos is an Assistant Professor in the School of Communication at Northwestern University where he is Director of the Computational Journalism Lab (CJL). He is also a Tow Fellow at Columbia University School of Journalism as well as Associate Professor II at the University... Read More →
Saturday May 20, 2017 12:00 - 13:00
Auditorium 2 Thomas More journalism school at the Campus De Ham, Raghenoplein 21, 2800 Mechelen & Campus De Vest, Zandpoortvest 60, 2800 Mechelen, BELGIUM
Algorithm Accountability, Keynote, Algorithmic Accountability Reporting
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Henir's Order
Henir's Order was originally founded within by the researchers of the Seven Tower.
~ Rose
Seven Tower
Henir's Order is a cult of people devoted to Henir.
Henir's Order was originally part of the greater Elrian organization known as Seven Tower. As the organization progressed, they soon opened their doors to the Debrians. The ideals of the Elrian and the Debrian differed and soon it was made apparent that the organization was headed in two different directions and the two factions split. During the time of great tension between parts of Seven Tower, the Landar family decided to distance themselves from the organization and left.
Glave, a member of the organization at the time was conducting his own experiments, eventually creating a tool he called the "Seed of Life". Some time later, another of his endeavors resulted in him being sent and forced to protect a gateway to Henir.
Forbidden Research and Formation
After Glave was banished to Henir, members of Seven Tower were able to rediscover his inventions and they found the Seed of Life. The group soon became fixated on potential of the device's ability to use El Energy to amplify Henir energy.
A faction of the Debrians with the help of the Elrian royals themselves, began conducting forbidden research and experiments underneath the then palace. They were highly interested in taking the technology Glave pioneered with the Seed of Life and furthering its potential. If their research were successful, it could change the entire Elrios continent. During one of their experiments, the Debrians opened a passage from Elrios to the core of Henir itself by accident. With the gateway open, the researchers were granted an almost limitless supply of Henir energy. With the energy they were able to further pursuit their experiments with Henir. Upon further research, the group learned that the unification of the Dark and Primal El could grant them unimaginable power. With the power of Henir's Passage and knowledge of unimaginable power, many of the researchers soon founded a new organization, Henir's Order.
Assault on the El Tower
Over the next several hundred years, Henir's Order would make their presence, especially in several attempted attacks on the El Tower in an attempt to get at the Large El and the El Lady. In one such attempt, they nearly succeeded in taking out the El Lady on Ishmael's Night, but were stopped and Elrios nearly avoided plunging into chaos.
The Light, Shadow and One Omnipotence
During the time between the El Explosion and the present, Henir's Order had set their sight on achieving the nearly unlimited power the original founders had hypothesized in their research. In order to obtain that power, the group set their sights on obtaining a Primal El from Elrianode and a pure Dark El from the demon world. Besides the two El, the Order had their sights on other powerful relics in Elrios such as the Ring of Mimir. Hennon, one of Henir's Order's generals, specifically had his sights on reaching for the Ring of Mimir. After trailing Aisha, Hennon was able to secure the Ring and later send it to the higher council for later use.
Reawakened Elrianode
Soon after Elrianode's reawakening at the hands of Elsword, Hennon's group was soon dispatched to the area in order to retrieve a fragment of the Primal El. While there, the Order was able to reopen Henir's Passage. With the power of Henir's Passage, Henir's Order was able to open up a gate to the Demon World which would be a great asset to their end goal.
Hennon was able to gain a small Dark El and with it planned to launch an assault on the El Tower. He was however foiled by the El Search Party who were able to defeat him even after he unleashed the power of the Primal and Dark El.
Twisted Time and Space
After the failed siege of Elrianode, other members of Henir's Order began to take action from behind the scenes. Experimenting with Henir, the group was able to open Gates of Time all across Elrios at a sporadic frequency.
Hennon Deceased
Red Henir Fanatic Active
Through Rose's 11-3 story dialogue, it is revealed that a part of Seven Towers became Henir's Order.
South Korea 헤니르 교단 Henir Sect
China (Simplified Chinese) 赫尼尔教团 Henir Sect
France Ordre de Henir Henir's Order
Retrieved from "https://elwiki.net/wiki/index.php?title=Henir%27s_Order&oldid=600227"
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Diocese of Maryland
Church on the Square: Baltimore, MD
Church on the Square (COTS) is rethinking church. Or, rather, this community church joint project of the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran...
Diocese, churches in Maryland reach property agreement
By: Episcopal News Service
[Diocese of Maryland] The Episcopal Diocese of Maryland today announced that it has reached an agreement with the Anglican Use Congregation at Mount Calvary, Baltimore, over real and personal property. On October 24, 2010, a majority of members of Mount Calvary voted to leave the Episcopal...
Diocese of Maryland Property
Online Advent calendar with audio meditations
[Diocese of Maryland] Reflecting themes of Advent, our online Advent calendar (available here) contains daily meditations on presence, rather than presents and waiting, rather than being weighed down by the stresses and concerns of our secular pre-Christmas season. The Diocesan Staff will “open...
Advent Diocese of Maryland
Episcopal Village brings mission shaped church to Baltimore
By: Becky Garrison
Editor's note: This piece was updated Oct. 21.
As I reported in Religion Dispatches, in recent years, one can find an increasing number of Anglicans, Catholic and other mainline church leaders, who are rethinking how they "do church." The reasons for this shift in thinking are myriad and...
Church Planting Diocese of Maryland
MARYLAND: Bike to Church Sunday brings blessings to pedal pushers
In its first-ever Bike to Church Sunday on May 16, 42 people pedaled their way to St. Anne's Parish of Annapolis.
The bicyclists, blessed with perfect weather, came either from home or from a state Department of Natural Resources parking lot rally point in Annapolis. Some early risers,...
MARYLAND: Joe Goodwin Burnett appointed assistant bishop
Bishop Joe Goodwin Burnett, of Nebraska, will serve as assistant bishop of Maryland effective April 1, 2011, following the Jan. 1, 2011, retirement of Maryland Suffragan Bishop John L. Rabb.
Maryland Bishop Eugene Taylor Sutton, with the support and consent of the diocesan Standing...
MARYLAND: Bishop Suffragan Rabb announces retirement
Episcopal Diocese of Maryland Bishop Suffragan John L. Rabb said April 30 that he will retire Jan. 1.
Rabb, who has been bishop suffragan of Maryland for 12 years, made the announcement in his address to the clergy and lay members of the diocese during the 226th Diocesan Convention....
In the Diocese of Maryland, every day is Earth Day
By: Lynette Wilson
On the morning of April 22, the rector at St. Phillip's Episcopal Church in Annapolis, Maryland, recorded a new message; it began "Happy Earth Day," and was followed by a litany of special events, including a farmers' market, a demonstration by a master gardener, a vegetarian meal and an...
Environmental Justice Diocese of Maryland Environment
Hal Hayek installed as dean of Baltimore's Cathedral of the Incarnation
By: Sharon J. Tillman
The Very Rev. Hal T. Ley Hayek was installed October 17 as dean of the Cathedral of the Incarnation in Baltimore, Maryland.
"Give us wisdom to hear the needs of our brothers and sisters as our own, that we may faithfully be bread for our hungry world," said Hayek in a message to the...
MARYLAND: Cathedral is site for Peace Witness
On the day designated by the United Nations as the International Day of Peace, the Cathedral of the Incarnation, Baltimore, hosted a Peace Witness, a reading of the names of the American service men and women killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2002.
It was one of several similar vigils...
Diocese of Maryland Episcopal Peace Fellowship Advocacy Peace and Justice
HONDURAS: Episcopal mission groups from Maryland, Wyoming safe despite unrest
Episcopal mission groups visiting Honduras from Maryland and Wyoming have assured their dioceses of their safety after reports of clashes between police and protestors in the capital city Tegucigalpa following the military ouster of President Manuel Zelaya. A group of 13 youth missioners and...
Province IX Diocese of Maryland Diocese of Wyoming Diocese of Honduras
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Undoing Business in Eritrea
Radio Erena: 16 December 2019
One really finds it quizzical and mind-boggling to comprehend the hypocritical conduct of Eritrean officials. From the President at the top all the way down, they conceivably don´t feel any fatigue of distributing gratuitous advice on how to manage the state business to their counterparts in what they consider poorly run neighboring countries. Heading Eritrea´s high-level delegation to the summit of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group States (ACP) held in Nairobi on 10 December, Ambassador Beyene Russom (no relation with Eritrea´s Ambassador to Ethiopia Semere Russom) didn´t spare the participants his valuable counsel. As Eritrea Profile reported: (83, December, 14), he called on the member states: ‘To work towards stronger African, the Caribbean and Pacific Group States (ACP) through active participation, timely payment of dues and voluntary creation of the lean organizational structure. ´´ Such conduct is nearly typical to his boss´s attitude on giving advice on the basis of the distorted conception that Eritrea is a leading example to be followed.
The ACP Group States is an organization concerned with sustainable development and poverty reduction among member states. But what is Eritrea´s exemplary economic performance, which Eritrean officials hurry to share with world nations? Eritrea ranks at the bottom of the list of the World Bank Annual Doing Business Report. This report virtually says it all. The WB Doing Business Report for 2020 compares business regulation in 190 economies. Whereas the report placed New Zealand in the first place in Ease of Doing Business Ranking with 86.8 points, it placed Eritrea, deservedly, in the 189th place with only 21.6 points for the same category. Somalia ranked 190 with only 20 points for the similar category. Next to New Zealand came Singapore with 86.2 points, and in the third-place came Hong Kong with 85.3 points. Eritrea grouped up with South Sudan, Libya, Yemen, and the politically unstable Venezuela. Political instability and civil strife, to some varying degrees, characterize the poor economic performance of these countries, a matter which can be understood if not justified.
In other related categories such as starting a business, Eritrea scored 185 points; in registering property it obtained the poor points of 178. All in all, and by all standards, Eritrea does not qualify for a higher ranking which can allow its policy maker(s) to go around boasting about any achievement, particularly in the economy. In the absence of a dynamic investment code, Eritrea had invited Canadian, Chinese and other mining companies to invest in gold, copper, and potash extracting. The activities of these companies are marred by grave human rights abuses, the Canadian mining giant Nevsun Resources is facing charges of forced labor in a Vancouver court. The suit was filed by National Service recruits, who were, according to their testimonies in court, forced to work under unlawful work conditions. The on-going mining investments in Eritrea support an extractive type of economy, where the resources are extracted to the last droplet and ounce. The income of these activities is a state secret that even the Ministry of Finance knows nothing about. The poor economic performance of Eritrea in post-independence years is characterized by the lack of capital, inhibition of foreign and local investments and total control and monopoly of PFDJ companies. Leaving Eritrea to neighboring countries, today, the Eritrean businesspersons are in the lead in Uganda, South Sudan, Angola, and Kenya. They were deprived of practicing any economic activity that may threaten PFDJ control. All business people are not allowed to withdraw more than five thousand Nakfa an equivalent of 333 US dollars in one transaction. Those who had started successful businesses were kicked out of the market; or, at best, were forced to have partners from PFDJ companies or wealthy cronies.
In the post-independence Eritrea, the laws and the environment are not appropriate for doing business. Obviously, it is extremely difficult to extricate the economic performance from the political regime´s nature and practices. The regime in the country is one of the cruelest dictatorships in the continent, the type of regime which stifles the economic initiative for fear of political change. The economic prosperity will pave the way for the appearance of a dynamic middle class that is committed to both social and political change, the matter which is not welcomed today or tomorrow. The status of economic stagnation in Eritrea is a thoughtfully planned scheme to preserve the status quo which guarantees the long life of the dictatorship. As power and wealth go hand in hand, the policy in Asmara is to dominate the first and hoard the latter at the expense of the sound social and economic development of the Eritrean society. Understanding the underlying logic behind the poor economic performance of Eritrea will no doubt strip the policy maker(s) of any moral right of distributing superfluous instructions on how states can manage their affairs.
By Fathi Osman
U.S. Blames Eritrea Still Supporting Al Shabab Militant Group in Somalia
Eritrea’s National Mining Corporation deemed Corrupt and Non-transparent
Ethio-Eritrea: Calls for international rapprochement
U.S.-ERITREA RELATIONS
Western firms reduce Eritrean miners to ‘abject slavery’, UK MPs say
በዓልቲ ቤት ምክትል ፕረዚደንት ዚምባብዌ፣ ብምጥፍፋእ ኣስታት 1 ሚልዮን ዶላር ተኸሲሳ
ሱዳን፣ ግፋ ዜጋታት ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን ይቕጽል
ስሞኦን ዮሃንስ 1 month ago
ብጣዕሚ ተደንግጹ ረድዮ ኤረና።ንሓዝነልኩም ተዓሲብኩም ካብ ዝተጸሓፈልኩም ምንባብ ሓራ ሰባት ኰንኩም ብረሃጽኩም አናነበርኩም ርእይቶኹም ምግላጽ ምሃሸኩም
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ERIC CHURCH HOLDS HIS OWN ON 2017 SOLO TOUR
Wednesday, January 11, 2017 - 11:00am
Related Client:
LINCOLN, Neb. -- Eric Church wastes no time bringing music to his fans in 2017 as he embarks on his Holdin’ My Own Tour this weekend. The tour will kick off at Lincoln, Nebraska's Pinnacle Bank Arena this Friday, Jan. 13. The “Kill a Word” singer will see 60+ cities in North America and will be without any opening acts for the entire tour. The award-winning singer/songwriter and his band will bring their two-set show that New York Times says is “fuel for love, for anguish and, naturally, for other music,” to both coasts before ending with a two-night blowout at Nashville, Tennessee's Bridgestone Arena in May.
All fans who hope to see “one of country’s smartest, most ambitious singers and songwriters,” (Vulture) from beginning to end on the Holdin’ My Own Tour, need to ensure they take their seats by 8:00 p.m. local time, as Church will kick the show off promptly with a huge moment, without any opening support preceding. The double-set show will feature a 360-degree stage that offers fans great views from anywhere in the arena.
Continuing his ambitious war against ticket scalpers for this year’s tour, Church has ensured that more fans have the chance to see the show at face value, already revoking thousands of tickets bought by scalpers and re-releasing them to the public. Church continues to combat scalpers with his proprietary presale process and delayed delivery tickets, making it tough on them to resell.
For the first time on a tour, concert-goers will be able to purchase Church’s custom boot line at the venue (no longer a VIP-only experience). In September of 2014, Church partnered with Lucchese Boots to launch his exclusive signature boot line, These Boots by Lucchese. Each pair has the lyrics to the song “These Boots” in Church’s handwriting laser etched into the sole, and are handmade in El Paso, Texas. Fans can pre-order boots ahead of time and get fitted at the venue by our team of boot specialists. For more information and to pre-order visit www.ericchurch.com/theseboots.
The Holdin’ My Own Tour comes on the heels of Church winning Album of the Year at the CMA Awards with his critically acclaimed, surprise-release album, Mr. Misunderstood. His most recent single, the thought-provoking ballad, “Kill a Word,” highlights, as Billboard claims, Church’s “impressive voice, as well as his songwriting skills.” Church also released a live album in November, Mr. Misunderstood On the Rocks Live & (Mostly) Unplugged, recorded at Morrison, Colorado's Red Rocks Amphitheatre, where the singer/songwriter announced his 2017 tour directly to his fans at the show.
2017 Holdin’ My Own Tour dates are as follows:
Friday, January 13: Lincoln, Neb. Pinnacle Bank Arena
Saturday, January 14: Sioux Falls, S.D. Denny Sanford Premier Center
Sunday, January 15: Grand Forks, N.D. Ralph EngelstadArena
Thursday, January 19: Des Moines, Iowa. Wells Fargo Arena
Friday, January 20: Minneapolis, Minn. Target Center
Saturday, January 21: Green Bay, Wis. Resch Center
Wednesday, January 25: Philadelphia, Pa. Wells Fargo Center
Friday, January 27: Brooklyn, N.Y. Barclays Center
Saturday, January 28: Boston, Mass. TD Garden
Tuesday, January 31: Kansas City Mo. Sprint Center
Thursday, February 2: Tulsa, Okla. BOK Center
Friday, February 3: Dallas, Texas. American Airlines Center
Saturday, February 4: Little Rock, Ark. Verizon Arena
Thursday, February 16: Duluth, Ga. Infinite Energy Center
Friday, February 17: Birmingham, Ala. Legacy Arena at BJCC
Saturday, February 18: Southhaven, Miss. Landers Center
Thursday, February 23: Indianapolis, Ind. Bankers Life Fieldhouse
Friday, February 24: Cleveland, Ohio. Quicken Loans Arena
Saturday, February 25: Auburn Hills, Mich. The Palace of Auburn Hills
Tuesday, February 28: London, ONT Budweiser Gardens
Thursday, March 2: Toronto, ONT Air Canada Centre
Friday, March 3: Ottawa, ONT Canadian Tire Centre
Saturday, March 4: Montreal, QUE Bell Centre
Tuesday, March 7: Winnipeg, MB MTS Centre
Thursday, March 9: Saskatoon, SK SaskTel Centre
Friday, March 10: Edmonton, AB Northlands Coliseum
Saturday, March 11: Calgary, AB Scotiabank Saddledome
Tuesday, March 14: Vancouver, BC Rogers Arena
Thursday, March 16: Portland, Ore. Moda Center
Friday, March 17: Spokane, Wash. Spokane Arena
Saturday, March 18: Tacoma, Wash. Tacoma Dome
Wednesday, March 22: Bozeman, Mont. Brick Breeden Fieldhouse
Friday, March 24:Boise, Idaho. Taco Bell Arena
Saturday, March 25: Salt Lake City, Utah. Vivint Smart Home Arena
Tuesday, March 28: Phoenix, Ariz. Talking Stick Resort Arena
Thursday, March 30: Sacramento, Calif. Golden 1 Center
Friday, March 31: Los Angeles, Calif. STAPLES Center
Tuesday, April 4: Casper, Wyo. Casper Events Center
Wednesday, April 5: Denver, Colo. Pepsi Center
Friday, April 7: Wichita, Kan. INTRUST Bank Arena
Saturday, April 8: Omaha, Neb. CenturyLink Center Omaha
Wednesday, April 12: Moline, Ill. iWireless Center
Thursday, April 13: Chicago, Ill. Allstate Arena
Friday, April 14: Milwaukee, Wis. BMO Harris Bradley Center
Thursday, April 20: Buffalo, N.Y. KeyBank Center
Friday, April 21: Pittsburgh, Pa. PPG Paints Arena
Saturday, April 22: Cincinnati, Ohio. US Bank Arena
Thursday, April 27: Uncasville, Conn. Mohegan Sun Arena
Friday, April 28: Uncasville, Conn. Mohegan Sun Arena
Saturday, April 29: Manchester, N.H. SNHU Arena
Thursday, May 4: Tampa, Fla. Amalie Arena
Friday, May 5: Jacksonville, Fla. Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena
Saturday, May 6: Greenville, S.C. Bon Secours Wellness Arena
Thursday, May 11: Grand Rapids, Mich. Van Andel Arena
Friday, May 12: Peoria, Ill. Peoria Civic Center
Saturday, May 13: St. Louis, Mo. Scottrade Center
Thursday, May 18: Reading, Pa. Santander Arena
Friday, May 19: Washington, D.C. Verizon Center
Saturday, May 20: Greensboro, N.C. Greensboro Coliseum Complex
Thursday, May 25: Louisville, Ky. KFC Yum! Arena
Friday, May 26: Nashville, Tenn. Bridgestone Arena
Saturday, May 27: Nashville, Tenn. Bridgestone Arena
Purchase Holdin’ My Own Tour tickets here.
For further details on the ticketing system plus information on VIP packages, These Boots by Lucchese and Church's custom-designed Gibson Hummingbird Dark on tour, stay tuned to www.ericchurch.com.
ROSS ELLIS SET TO HEADLINE TIN ROOF CONCERT SERIES PRESENTED BY SIRIUSXM’S THE HIGHWAY
KALEO RELEASES “I WANT MORE” & “BREAK MY BABY”
BRANTLEY GILBERT AND LINDSAY ELL RACE TO CELEBRATE NO. 1 SINGLE “WHAT HAPPENS IN A SMALL TOWN”
ASHLEY McBRYDE’S “MARTHA DIVINE” OUT NOW
COMEDIAN DUSTY SLAY ANNOUNCES 2020 DATES FOR NATIONAL SLAY ALL DAY TOUR
ASHLEY McBRYDE DEBUTS HER “ONE NIGHT STANDARDS” MUSIC VIDEO
COUNTRY NEWCOMER IAN MUNSICK SIGNS WITH UTA, ANNOUNCES RELEASE OF TWO NEW SONGS
CHRIS HEMSWORTH’S HEALTH & FITNESS APP, CENTR, TAPS INTO GOOGLE PLAY’S 2 BILLION ACTIVE USERS
Ashley McBryde
Brantley Gilbert
Centr
Chuck Wicks
ERIN ENDERLIN
Haley & Michaels
Hootie & the Blowfish
Ole Red
Pilgrimage Music & Cultural Festival
All Content Copyright 2019 Essential Broadcast Media, LLC.
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› Log in to CASIE | › Create New Account
Log in to CASIE
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Twitter @NASA_CASIE
NASA is establishing a new science field campaign in 2009 to study sea ice roughness and break-up in the Arctic and high northern latitudes. This mission, known as CASIE-09 (Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Experiment 2009), is being conducted under the auspices of the International Polar Year (IPY), a major international scientific research effort. The principal investigator, Dr. James Maslanik (University of Colorado, Boulder) was awarded a competitively selected grant by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, under the 2006 Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES)
This mission will combine the use of a variety of remote sensing methods, including satellite observations and uninhabited aerial vehicles, to provide fundamental new insights into ice roughness on the scale of meters to tens of meters in the context of larger-scale environmental forcing. In addition, the mission offers a technological and operational testbed to demonstrate the value of autonomous vehicles for long-range, long-duration remote sensing science. In keeping with this, the mission has three science goals:
Determine the degree to which ice-roughness monitoring via remote sensing can detect basic changes in ice conditions such as ice thickness and ice age.
Investigate relationships between ice roughness and factors affecting the loss or maintenance of the perennial ice cover.
Determine how roughness varies as a function of different kinematic conditions and ice properties.
NASA plans to deploy a remotely-piloted research aircraft, called SIERRA (Sensor Integrated Environmental Remote Research Aircraft), along with a ground control station, a science team, and an operation & logistics team to collect science data in and around the Svalbard archipelago of Norway during the June-July 2009 timeframe.
This mission is sponsored by the Earth Science Division R&A Program at NASA Headquarters, under the direction of the Airborne Science Program. Dr. James Maslanik of the University of Colorado is the Principal Scientist.
Page Editor: Dan Chirica
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« Nationalism and Poetry: Thoughts on Pascale Casanova and Adam Zagajewski's "Poems on Poland" | Main | Art as Experience and Vice Versa: Thoughts on Jerry Lewis and John Dewey »
The "Forever" Brand: Thoughts on Chevy's 2012 Apocalypse Commercial
There's been so much on the web and TV about the big car ad of the Super Bowl ("Halftime in America"), I thought I'd weigh in about a different one -- a spot that relies more on the bizarre than the authentic to make its point.
I'm thinking about the Chevy spot that invokes both the Mayan and Biblical (it's raining frogs!) apocalypse -- and our dreaded year of 2012. If you haven't seen it yet, check it out:
Of course, this satiric way of claiming that a Chevy lasts longer than a Ford has been accused of exaggeration. As reported by brandchannel, a representative for Ford Trucks lodged this protest:
"They [Chevy] cite R.L. Polk data on longevity -- not durability. If you look at R.L. Polk's data on durability ... there are more Ford trucks on the road with more than 250,000 miles. We've made our point and we'll always defend our products."
You might expect religious folks, at least those who believe in prophecies of the end times, to get upset with this scenario too. For the spot takes an episode of sacred history and uses it cavalierly, for ironic purposes (and, of course, to make a buck).
Though I suppose even fundamentalists -- at least in the West -- are numb to this by now (and probably find it funny themselves), because hey, that's what modernity (not to mention advertising) is all about.
Nevertheless, there is more than a grain of truth in this spot. Chevy, after all, did survive a crash of nearly apocalyptic proportions. What saved the company, though, was not simply the durability of their trucks, but the same thing that saved Chrysler: a little Keynesian economics (in the form of government funds). (Ford refused the bailout offer.)
Also, there's something about the way the main character shrugs off the loss of "Dave" that mirrors the dopey "whatever" attitude of the survivor in all of us -- happy to be one of the lucky ones who made it (as the theme song suggests), but powerless to do much about the daily catastrophe.
What Comes After the End?
But what I think the spot is most accurate in portraying is a contemporary mindset. Astute observers of the apocalyptic imagery running through our pop culture, such as Fredric Jameson and Slavoj Zizek, have remarked about how easy it seems to imagine the end of the world.
What's difficult, perhaps impossible to envision, they argue, is the end of capitalism -- a system responsible, in their eyes, for this continuing sense of dread in the first place.
The spot's closing line captures this idea perfectly: "Chevy Silverado" the (Tim Allen) voice-over intones, "from the beginning of your work day, till the end of the world. Chevy runs deep."
And the images act out this sentiment in a literal fashion: the world around these characters is crumbling, but their trucks keep going and going - like Engergizer bunnies. What survives the end of the world? Products, in this case trucks and twinkies. (Perhaps their preservatives have made them invulnerable?)
But despite the spot's hyper-bullishness about its brand, it nevertheless seems bruised by the times. It's as if the humor is there to help relieve a lurking anxiety.
Because even if a few brands survive the next meltdown, what's the point -- if the rest of the economy is (as in the spot) annihilated? Of course, the commercial's humor assures us this could never happen. But then, you've got to ask yourself, how did the apocalypse end up in a spot to sell a truck in the first place?
Back in 2008 it seemed, at times, the conomic end was near. At the very least a spot like this proves the trauma of the deepest moments of "The Great Recession" hasn't left us just yet.
And that trauma continues to color thoughts about the future. In fact, the jokey quality of the commercial seems flavored by a bit of gallows humor. It even made me think of Robert Creeley's classic poem "I Know a Man":
I Know a Man
As I sd to my
friend, because I am
always talking, -- John, I
sd, which was not his
name, the darkness sur-
rounds us, what
can we do against
it, or else, shall we &
why not, buy a goddamn big car,
drive, he sd, for
christ's sake, look
out where yr going
The authors of this commercial would, of course, make an addition to this poem. In their version, there would be an extra line; the poem would end by saying:
"and make sure you're driving a Chevy."
Click here to see my review of poet Nick Piombino and artist Toni Simon's collaborative book, Contradicta, at Evergreen Review Online:
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Home»Archives»SPORTS»MAPLEWOOD
Columbia HS wrestlers Tyson Carroll and Cahil Love Jr. take second place at ECT
By Joe Ragozzino on January 18, 2020 MAPLEWOOD, SOUTH ORANGE
WEST ORANGE, NJ — Tyson Carroll and Cahil Love Jr. each finished second place in their respective weight classes to lead the Columbia High School wrestling team at the 45th Essex County Tournament at Richard J. Codey Arena in West Orange Jan. 16-17. Carroll, a sophomore, and Love, a senior, pulled off upsets in the […]
Columbia HS fencing teams excel at Santelli and Cetrulo Tournaments
By Editor on January 15, 2020 MAPLEWOOD, SOUTH ORANGE
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — On Saturday, Jan. 11, the Columbia High School girls fencing team was up bright and early to attend the Santelli Championship Tournament at Drew University. The following day, the CHS boys fencing team followed in their footsteps so that they could fence at the Cetrulo Championship Tournament, also held at Drew. This […]
St. Joseph basketball teams enjoy great results
By Editor on January 14, 2020 MAPLEWOOD
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — Maplewood’s St. Joseph Church continues its strong and successful transition into the Essex County league of the Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) basketball program in grades 2-12 this year, with the boys’ and girls’ teams showing great results across the game-packed weekends and teams showing growth each week. Home games take place in […]
Columbia HS girls track and field team impresses at County Relays
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — The Columbia High School girls indoor track and field team finished in third place overall in the girls team standings at the Essex County Relays held at the Ocean Breeze Complex in Staten Island, N.Y., on Sunday, Jan. 12. The Cougars had 33 points, one point shy of second-place West Essex. Montclair […]
Columbia girls hoops notches victories; boys hoops enjoys win streak; wrestling team preps for ECT
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — The Columbia High School girls basketball team defeated Verona and Newark Tech in consecutive games to improve to a 5-2 record on the season. The Cougars won, 57-55, at Veron on Jan. 9. Two days later, Columbia downed Newark Tech, 58-31, at home. Maia Little, a senior, scored 17 points and junior […]
Columbia HS fencers sweep season opener; excel at Morris Knolls Freshman/Sophomore Invitational
By Editor on January 8, 2020 MAPLEWOOD, SOUTH ORANGE
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — It was a nail-biter at the first meet of the season on Saturday, Dec. 21, but the Columbia High School fencers came out roaring and won all of their meets. It was a quad meet in which the girls faced Livingston and then Millburn, and the boys fenced against Livingston, Millburn, […]
Columbia HS boys basketball team defeats Newark East Side
By Joe Ragozzino on January 5, 2020 MAPLEWOOD, SOUTH ORANGE
NEWARK – Josiah Lawful, a junior, scored 17 points to lead four players in double figures as the visiting Columbia High School boys basketball team defeated a highly-regarded Newark East Side team, 65-56, Jan. 3. Sophomore Andrew Rowley had 14 points, junior Chris Darcelin had 13 and freshman Jalen Robinson had 11 for the Cougars, […]
Columbia HS boys soccer team honors its state title teams of the past
By Joe Ragozzino on January 2, 2020 MAPLEWOOD
MAPLEWOOD, NJ — The Columbia High School boys soccer team honored its 1978 and 1979 state championship teams during halftime of its game against Union at Lynn V. Profeta Field/Underhill Field on Friday night, Oct. 25. Players from those state title teams attended the game as they got to reminince about the glory days of […]
Nutley-Columbia hockey team continues to surge
By Editor on December 29, 2019 MAPLEWOOD, NUTLEY, SOUTH ORANGE
NUTLEY/MAPLEWOOD — The Nutley-Columbia ice hockey team is off to a strong start after moving up to the Kelly Conference following last season’s McMullen Conference championship. The co-op team dropped its season opener and then went on a seven-game unbeaten streak, finally losing the last game of the Essex County Holiday Tournament on the morning […]
Columbia HS girls basketball team defeats Glen Ridge in season opener
By Joe Ragozzino on December 20, 2019 GLEN RIDGE, MAPLEWOOD, SOUTH ORANGE
GLEN RIDGE, NJ — The Columbia High School girls basketball team defeated Glen Ridge, 25-16, in the season opener for both teams on Thursday, Dec. 19, at Glen Ridge HS. Photos by Steve Ellmore. Glen Ridge vs. Columbia, season opener, Thursday, Dec. 19, at Glen Ridge.
Park United Methodist Church ponders future
Irvington HS wrestling team impresses at ECT
West Orange Arts Council presents ‘Outlander Inspired’
West Orange HS wrestling team enjoys good ECT showing
Irvington receives first-ever lead-based grant
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Brussels wins battle over stranded air passenger directive
A commission move to help stranded passengers has upset air carriers (Photo: Airbus)
By Teresa Küchler
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) on Tuesday (10 January) backed the European Commission and dismissed airlines' claims that an EU air passenger law from last year regulating compensation for people stranded at airports is invalid.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the European Low Fares Airline Association (ELFA) have claimed that the law, obliging them to provide food, accommodation and reimbursement for stranded passengers, is discriminatory and in breach of international treaties.
"The regulation on compensation and assistance for air passengers is valid," the ECJ said in Tuesday's ruling, which also dismissed the low fare air carriers' stance that compensation sums were discriminatory against them.
Compensation sums under the regulation range from a minimum of €250 and up to €600, while low fare airline tickets can cost less than a tenth of the minimum sum on the scale.
"The amount of compensation does not appear excessive and essentially amounts to an update of the level of compensation laid down by a previous regulation, taking account of inflation," the court said.
At the cancellation of a flight the airline must offer passengers a choice between reimbursement of the ticket cost or re-booking them on a flight to their final destination. And, should the plane be delayed by more than five hours, passengers must be reimbursed.
By introducing the regulation last February, the commission hoped to stamp out the airlines' common practice of intentionally overbooking flights, leading to boarding being denied for passengers who turn up late to the boarding desk, despite holding valid tickets.
Regulation mixes apples and oranges
ELFA secretary general Jan Skeels told EUobserver that the commission's original aim with the regulation was noble, but carried out wrongly.
"The commission should have increased the penalty for airlines that overbook on a systematic basis," she said, explaining that airlines estimate the average amount of passengers that do not turn up to certain flights, and intentionally overbook to make sure seats are filled.
However, Ms Skeels said that by mixing overbooking with flight cancellation and delays, the commission is shooting above its target, as 85 percent of cancellations or delays are due to factors outside airlines' control.
Airlines argue that they cannot be held responsible for delays and cancellations caused by bad weather, saturated air traffic, security demands or strikes. They estimate that the total cost to the industry of this regulation will top €600 million annually.
Airlines will try political path
IATA said that since the airline industry with Tuesday's ECJ ruling had emptied the legal possibilities of overhauling the law, they would shift their focus to a political approach, in order to persuade the commission to review its air transport policy as a whole.
"Europe needs better regulation. We will appeal to common sense," IATA spokesperson Tony Concil told EUobserver, arguing that the regulation does not only go against global air industry standards, but is also not beneficial for passengers.
"The industry looses approximately €600 million a year with this regulation and the industry will have to recuperate that money somehow."
EU transport commissioner, Jacques Barrot, on Tuesday called the result "very good news for European citizens."
"The European court now confirms EU legislation giving [passengers] certain rights when their flight is overbooked, delayed or cancelled."
MEP Philip Bradbourn, conservative transport spokesman in the European Parliament also praised the outcome of the court case.
"This is good news for air passengers. Finally there is no doubt as to the liability of airlines for unwarranted delays...Responsible airlines have been providing compensation on a voluntary basis for years - this judgment now means that the cowboys in the airline industry will be forced to change their ways," he said.
New rights for passengers facing cancelled flights
New EU rules to boost passenger compensation from airlines are set to come into force on Thursday. Critics of the legislation say that passengers will bear the costs through more expensive airline tickets.
Davos and Libya in focus This WEEK
The all-powerful will meet in Davos after Berlin tries to resolve the Libyan conflict over the weekend, while MEPs will set the stage for final ratification of the Brexit deal.
China spy suspect worked for EU for 30 years
The former EU ambassador suspected by German prosecutors of spying for China was Gerhard Sabathil, according to EU officials speaking on condition of anonymity.
Surge in Israeli demolition of EU-funded buildings
Israel has sped up demolitions of EU-funded and Palestinian structures in the West Bank amid hawkish talk on taking over the territory.
Catalan MEPs Puigdemont and Comin look for a party
The former head of the Catalan regional government, Carles Puigdemont, and one member of his government, Toni Comín, have requested to join the Greens/EFA group - but they do not close the door to other political groups.
Boost for Right in post-Brexit EU parliament
The far-right Identity and Democracy will overtake the Greens as the fourth-largest party in the European Parliament on 1 February, after the UK's MEPs vacate their seats.
Why EU minimum wage is actually bad idea for workers
As president of one of the largest trade union confederations in the EU, I see the need for good working conditions and decent pay in all member states - but an EU-wide minimum wage could be used to lower wages.
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Looking at the News
New Light Shed on Parlingate Library Controversy
By Josh Resnek
The Mayor, who has been quoted as saying he never saw a library he wanted to enter during four years at college, has come to take a commanding interest in the management, or mismanagement, of the city’s library system.
The system is utterly demoralized by the administrative changes ordered by the mayor that have been made in recent months, according to sources.
The facts of the matter have come to light about why Parlin Library officials stopped sending old city photographs and descriptions to the Leader Herald after we had been publishing the popular series for longer than a year.
In this dispute alone the seeds of the changes the library has undergone were planted.
It was the mayor’s doing entirely, the remaking of how the library system is run and the placement of a city lawyer without library experience or library training to run the system, according to sources who spoke with the Leader Herald.
When former Parlin Librarian Stacey Debole was being badgered into retiring by the mayor and his enforcers before the summer, she was charged by Tom Philbin, the mayor’s chief communications flack, Lara Webhe, the head of Human Resources, and City Solicitor Colleen Mejia with violating city policy by sending those vintage photographs directly to the Leader Herald, according to a source who detailed the facts about the incident who wished to remain unnamed.
City of Everett policy required all media matters be placed through the City of Everett Communications office.
Mejia, according to the source, went on to say that because the library violated city policy and offered that feature to only one paper, the library could be viewed unfavorably.
The Leader Herald was the only newspaper in the city who wished to publish such photographs and editorial comment identifying old faces of those no longer with us or nostalgic views of the city, et cetera. The others were free to publish the same, but didn’t.
We did and it was a popular feature.
We had no idea at the time that publishing such old photographs of Everett and its people could endanger the administration of the public library system, or lead to the retirement of its distinguished librarian – but it did.
Mrs. Debole consulted with the Library Board of Trustees (also about to become extinct) and with the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners (of which she is now a member).
They agreed that if the city policy required all press to go through the Mayor’s office, the library needed to comply.
The library complied, according to the source.
“But Stacy did tell Tom Philbin if it was not offered to the Leader Herald and was offered to other papers, she was going to send it to the Leader Herald directly”.
Philbin assured Deboles that it would be sent to all three papers.
It was sent to the others but not to the Leader Herald.
This was the beginning of the end for Mrs. Deboles, who refused to be interviewed for this piece.
This was when things heated up with the Mayor insisting the library system had to be his and that Mrs. Deboles needed to go.
There was also the matter, as reported in the Leader Herald, of a convicted felon being hired to work for the library system.
According to the source, Mrs. Deboles was dead set against this, not just because the new hire was a convicted felon, but because she has no library experience.
In the end, the mayor got what he wanted.
Mrs. Deboles, it appears, stood her ground making a plea for free access and a properly trained workforce.
In the end, she had no choice.
In the end, she retired, leaving the library without a trained chief librarian.
The acting librarian is assistant city solicitor Matt Lattanzi.
Posted on September 11, 2019 September 11, 2019 Author leaderstaffCategories AllTags City Government, Everett MA, Everett News, Josh Resnek, Parlin Memorial Library
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Dallas Buyers Club Jean-Marc Vallée
By Daniel Pratt
With all of the medical breakthroughs made in the past few decades, HIV is no longer the death sentence it once was. Today, most take for granted just how devastating an HIV diagnosis could be, and the corresponding societal ostracization. The '80s weren't that long ago, but the differences in how HIV patients were treated then versus now are worlds apart.
In Dallas Buyers Club, the year is 1985 and AIDS is still largely known as "the gay disease." Texan Ron Woodroof (Matthew McConaughey), a cocky, hustling, homophobic ladies man that enjoys fornicating with the local skanks — the film opens with a scene of him and two women in a rodeo bullpen — suddenly finds himself in uncharted waters when he's diagnosed with HIV. Told he only has 30 days to live, he not only has to deal with the medical blow he's dealt, but must also face (often violently) his former buddies and co-workers, who assume Ron was gay all along.
Initially in a state of denial, Ron quickly accepts his condition and seeks help from the sympathetic Dr. Eve Saks (Jennifer Garner), taking control of his fate in an attempt to save and prolong his life. AZT (the only drug at the time that showed some success in combating the virus) was in clinical trials, but Ron finds ways to get his hands on it. Quickly discovering the drug has numerous negative side-effects, he heads to Mexico in search of alternative treatment and meets a former American doctor whose non-narcotic methods have led to healthier options fighting the disease.
When the U.S. government challenges his efforts to smuggle the holistic but non-FDA approved medications home, he launches the Dallas Buyers Club. This club will allow fellow HIV patients to pay a monthly membership fee to obtain the treatments, thereby circumventing the law and ensuring that Ron can't be prosecuted as a drug peddler.
Initially seen as an outsider within the local gay community, Ron enlists the assistance of transsexual AIDS patient Rayon (Jared Leto), connecting him to the scene and establishing a level of trust. The Club quickly gains momentum, establishing Ron as an unlikely champion of not just the gay community but for the rights of patients seeking treatment.
Playing out as a dramatic retelling of the true story of Ron Woodroof, with the usual Hollywood embellishments, director Jean-Marc Vallée portrays this infamous moment of social U.S. history sensitively. Using a washed-out palette, the film has a gritty blue-grey aesthetic that perfectly captures the era and the locales.
With McConaughey and Leto both losing obscene amounts of weight for their respective roles, the inclination normally might be to scoff and label it gimmicky. However, in the case of Dallas Buyers Club, their transformations only serve to add to the authenticity of the story. Their performances are without a doubt Oscar-worthy and utterly captivating. That their unlikely business relationship leads to such personal introspection — on both sides — makes this one of the most unusual and emotionally compelling duos seen on screen.
Dallas Buyers Club is much more than just the usual epiphanies and life lessons found in similar films. It succeeds through the smallest moments of its story — those that not only acknowledge Ron Woodroof's memory, but pay homage to an entire assemblage of human suffering, communities and well-being. (Remstar)
More Jean-Marc Vallée
'Bad Boys for Life' Is a Welcome Buddy-Cop Throwback Directed by Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah
Just like its characters Mike (Will Smith) and Marcus (Martin Lawrence), the returning titular "bad boys" in Bad Boys for Life, there's litt...
'Sex Education' Season 2 Shows Why Gen Z Are So Awesome
If Sex Education is a remotely accurate reflection of Gen Z, then the kids are alright. This teen sex comedy borrows the raunch from all you...
'Dolittle' Does Little to Help Robert Downey Jr.'s Next Chapter Directed by Stephen Gaghan
Robert Downey Jr.'s post-Iron Man career is off to a clumsy start. His latest foray into the world of franchise IP is an unfortunately dead-...
'Just Mercy' Is an Emotionally Taxing Chronicle of Injustice Directed by Destin Daniel Cretton
Have you ever listened to the sounds of the labour you perform? Legal drama Just Mercy opens with the sounds of a chainsaw roaring, the stra...
'Like a Boss' Wastes the Potential of a Tiffany Haddish/Rose Byrne Pairing Directed by Miguel Arteta
On paper, Miguel Arteta's latest, Like a Boss, is full of great ideas. A film centred on the deep bond between two ambitious women running t...
More Film Reviews
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The Importance of Mobile School Management
The next big thing in parent engagement
Some would call parenting the ultimate juggling act. Whether they’re balancing the lunch preferences of three different kids or focused on getting the other shoe on Johnny before he boards the school bus, parents have a lot on their plate.
Families’ schedules are jam-packed these days, and it’s becoming harder and harder to manage it all. From calendars to paperwork to keeping up with admissions, school can be overwhelming for parents.
It’s hard just keeping track of extracurriculars like soccer practice, piano lessons, or Wednesday night youth group in kids’ lively schedules. Add in the happenings of a student’s school day, and tracking becomes even more difficult. Parents may find themselves asking, “What is for school lunch today? Where do I look that up? Is it on a paper calendar that was sent home in Johnny’s backpack?” It’s a struggle to remember it all, and that’s just about school lunch!
Parents often find that making sure their kid has a spot on the yearly field trip is a piece of paper away from disaster. If a form like this miraculously makes it home with their student, it’s one hurdle to get the form back to school, and a totally different hurdle to pay for the trip. As a matter of fact, paying for any school-related event can be a huge hassle and often requires inconvenient forms of payment (i.e., checks) or tracking down a PayPal link in an email.
Email is also becoming more and more of a burden to keep up with. Parents are feeling like they have to be a MacGyver of sorts to stay up-to-date with everything that comes through their inboxes. The myriad of emails that parents receive on a daily basis makes it easy to miss an announcement and tough to stay current on school news.
Staying connected and finding support in the school parent community is so important, but parents often lack the tools they need to truly engage with each other. Typically, parents must either dig through spreadsheets of contact information or make sure they swap numbers with Sally’s mom at cheer practice.
These are just a few examples of how today’s parents struggle to get the school information they need for their kids. We often hear stories of challenges around volunteer coordination, paying tuition, and contacting administration, just to name a few.
Today, parents are able to view grades online, access school closing tweets, and join PTA Facebook groups. But this information is in disparate places and it’s simply a struggle to keep up with. Wouldn’t it be easier to access the school community all in one place?
We at FACTS find that using a mobile platform gives our parents all-in-one access to everything they need right from their phones. Whether capturing their fifth grader’s first goal at the big game or family FaceTime calls with Grandma after dinner, families already feel comfortable in a mobile environment — after all, they use it every day.
Now is the time for schools to start leveraging the one place that all parents and families have in their pockets, on their night stands, and at their fingertips.
Communication and Advancement
Tony Caudill
Tony Caudilll
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"St. Louis" arrives in Antwerp
The German ship SS "St. Louis" departed from Hamburg for Cuba with almost 1,000 Jewish refugees on board on May 13, 1939. Most of the passengers had Cuban landing certificates. However, the Cuban government invalidated the certificates. When the "St. Louis" reached Havana on May 27, most of its passengers were denied entry. After the United States also refused to accept the refugees, the ship returned to Europe, docking at Antwerp. Britain, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands then agreed to accept the refugees. [From Hearst Metrotone News]
The liner "St. Louis," turned back from Cuba, brings its human cargo to port at last. Nine hundred seven Jewish unfortunates without a country, permitted to land in Belgium after five weeks of suspense afloat. Through American generosity they will find at least temporary shelter in France, Holland, and England. These are but a fortunate few saved by publicity from the fate of their fellows. Ten thousand of their kinsmen are still homeless on the high seas, seeking sanctuary in vain. Three million more are in bondage in central Europe, a bondage forcing them to the greatest migration since the days of the Pharaohs. Helpless victims they of a merciless regime that spares neither rich nor poor, ill, aged or young, that strips them of virtually all but their clothes and casts them out. And yet for these few who have escaped, penniless but undaunted, life still looks sweet.
Cuba Germany refugee ships refugees Belgium
UCLA Film and Television Archive
View Archival Details View Archival Details
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May 16, 2015 • 22:51
Witchcraft in America in the End Times: Some Observations
WITCHCRAFT IN AMERICA: Witchcraft is as American as apple pie, hot dogs and the Fourth of July.
A FEW OBSERVATIONS ABOUT WITCHCRAFT, AMERICA AND THE END TIMES
Over the last six months, this writer has been involved in various discussions which have touched on the topic of witchcraft in America during the end times. These conversations have been held in person, via email and over the phone. The following observations are taken from those random chats.
1. SALEM WITCHES – The most famous witchcraft trials in America took place in Salem, Massachusetts. Those trials took place about 70 years after the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock and almost 90 years before the United States was even born.
20 people were executed. Others were condemned but somehow escaped the “hysteria” of the moment. Since the trials, the media/history/literature/entertainment complex has conducted an almost nonstop 300-year-long PR campaign in favor of witchcraft.
While the witches have been painted as poor victims, the judges, prosecutors, neighbors and anyone else involved in the trial have been portrayed as “bigoted,” “small-minded,” and “hysterical.” Of course, they were said to be “religious” or “Christian” zealots. In books, histories, plays, popular entertainment and other forms of media, those who prosecuted the witches have been slandered.
Today, being a descendent of one of the Salem witches is a high honor among the Hollywood, rock music, pop culture or Washington elite.
2. SALEM WITCHES 2015 – The descendents of witches walk the halls of Washington, Hollywood, New York and wherever power, money and influence gather in the USA.
Bloodlines of Salem
Bush’s satanic and witchcraft bloodlines
Associated Daughters of Early American Witches
Some descendents of the Salem witches:
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, second in line to the British throne
US vice-president Dick Cheney
Actress Sarah Jessica Parker
Actress Lucille Ball
U.S. Presidents G.H.W. Bush and George W. Bush
Fashion designer Alexander McQueen, CBE
Actor Tom Felton
Author Ray Bradbury
American Red Cross Founder Clara Barton
George W. Bush was related to as many as “217 of the almost 1,500 trials participants including jurors, marshals and constables who accused others, or were accused, of witchcraft.”
While the descendents of Salem witchcraft are likely to be coy about the subject in public, the number of organizations honoring Salem witchcraft descendents are evidence of intense interest among certain groups of Americans.
3. ORIGINS – The United States’ love affair with witchcraft goes right to the beginning of the country and how the USA obtained its independence.
“For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry.”
American Rebel or Child of God: Make Your Choice
WITCHCRAFT: A sign of the end times. (There’s a reason the stereotypical ugly, misshapen witch is promoted by deceivers. Can the reader guess what it might be?)
4. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM – The USA became a haven for every unbiblical, unChristian group after its constitution became the law of the land. The United States was the first country to offer “religious freedom” and “separation of church and state.” While both were sold as one thing (the USA was offering protections for anyone who wanted to worship God Almighty), the end results were something completely different (the protections of the state were for anyone BUT Christians.) This was not a chance happening.
No longer could satanists, wizards, witches, sorcerers, or voodoo priests and witch doctors be persecuted under the law. Instead, these anti-God groups could enjoy the full protection of the law.
In America, every group which claimed to be spiritual was afforded the complete protection of the law and the lethal force that law represented.
Though public disapproval kept witches and wizards underground for some time, the result of America’s constitutional safeguards for witchcraft is seen today. It will only get worse.
“And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk: Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.”
5. SORCERIES AND WITCHCRAFT – Much has been made by various members of the Modern American Prophecy Industry of the word for “sorceries” used in Revelation 19:20 [φαρμακεία (pharmakeia)]. The Greek word can mean sorcery, drug, poison or medicine. It is the word from which we get “pharmaceuticals.”
Because of this dual meaning, the apostates have long attempted to define “sorcery” in Revelation 19:20 as some type of drug-induced spell-casting. That’s like defining “Apple” as”a computer made out of fruit.” The same word is translated as “witchcraft” in Galations 5:20 (KJV). Basically, witchcraft and sorcery are the same thing.
The end times will be full of those who will not repent of witchcraft. (Some of these people may or may not take drugs but that won’t have anything to do with the matter. Some of them may also have taken medicine [another meaning of pharmakeia], but that won’t have anything to do with it either.)
6. WITCHCRAFT AND DEMONS – The endgame of witchcraft is illegitimate supernatural power. Many witches will deny that this power comes from demons or Satan, insisting that they derive their power from “the earth.” (Which is what many “water witches” also claim.)
But all supernatural power comes from either God or His enemies. God declares all who consult His enemies for any power, knowledge or advantage to be an “abomination;” i.e., a particularly grievous sin.
“When thou art come into the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not learn to do after the abominations of those nations. There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer. Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer. For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee.”
—Deuteronomy 18:9-13
It doesn’t matter whether the person contacting demons is a member of the mystery of iniquity, a secret society, a witch, a wizard or whatever: all who do such things fall under God’s judgment.
7. BAD DEAL – Witches obtain favor, money, and/or power/control from their familiar spirits (demons). All who traffic in such deals are dealing with an entity which 1- can’t be trusted; and 2- hates humans. It’s not surprising that witches suffer much despite their “powers.”
They have basically traded their eternal destiny for a few trinkets, flattery, and some supernatural parlor tricks. Despite what they have been told: it’s never too late to repent.
“For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.”
There is NO power higher than the power of God Almighty.
[There are other topics in the notes on this subject. They will be expounded in a later article on the same subject.]
Four Blood Moons: American Church Comfortable with Witchcraft
PRAYER CIRCLES: Another Pagan Practice in the Church
Satan Has Counterfeited the Christian Church
The Circle Maker: End Times Deception in a Magic Circle
1- ETPR/sattva, FreeDigitalPhotos.net/ETPR
2- taoty, FreeDigitalPhotos.net
58-year-old Nigerian witch doctor jailed in USA for cocaine trafficking
Aravot: U.S. Department of State will not recognize NKR elections
USA Freedom Act: An Updated Readers’ Guide on Section 215
Filed under: Biblical Teachings, End Time Deception, END TIMES PREPARATION, The End Times According to Satan, end times witchcraft, observations, witchcraft, witchcraft in America, witchcraft in the churches
Witchcraft in America in the End Times: Part 2 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
[…] Older » […]
Terry James: Witchcraft in America in the End Times | Serve Him in the Waiting says:
[…] Witchcraft in America in the End Times: Some Observations […]
Is Jesus Restoring Families? What did Jesus Say? | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Witchcraft in America in the End Times: Witches in the Statehouse | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: May 18, 2015 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
I screwed up! I mean, egg-on-face royal goof! Apology to readers, and authors of recently linked-to posts. | Serve Him in the Waiting says:
Supernatural Power in the End Times | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Religious Leaders, Religious Systems, Churches: What does the Bible Say? | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: June 18, 2015 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: June 20-21, 2015 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Summer Solstice Celebrations: Public Paganism A Sign of the End Times | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: August 5, 2015 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times: 7 Observations | End Times Prophecy Report says:
FIVE BIG SINS in the End Times | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Life During the End Times: 10 Random Observations | End Times Prophecy Report says:
END TIMES WARNING: Looking for Info in All the Wrong Places | End Times Prophecy Report says:
The Time of the Tares: End Times Preparation | End Times Prophecy Report says:
[…] you’ve walked a mile in my shoes. Or ridden my broom.” The only thing more common than witchcraft in the churches are those who believe they perform such work in […]
End Times Prophecy Headlines: February 3, 2016 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
[…] While the descendents of Salem witchcraft are likely to be coy about the subject in public, the number of organizations honoring Salem witchcraft descendents are evidence of intense interest among certain groups of Americans. —Witchcraft in America in the End Times: Some Observations […]
ELITE BLOODLINES: Rich, Powerful, Famous and Related | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Rebellion and Witchcraft: The End Times Corruption of the Family | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Modern Romance: Love Which Isn’t | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: February 22, 2016 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Glorifying the Occult and Demonic: In the Culture, In the Churches | End Times Prophecy Report says:
Living in the Season of the Witch: End Times Preparation | End Times Prophecy Report says:
End Times Prophecy Headlines: March 16, 2016 | End Times Prophecy Report says:
America’s Occult Heritage: From Colonial Abominations to End Times Antichrist World Power | End Times Prophecy Report says:
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Saudi aid to Yemen in two years stands at $8.2 billion
Yemenis residing in the Saudi kingdom also received aid worth $1.1 billion. (Twitter Saudi Foreign Ministry)
By Staff writer Al Arabiya News English Sunday, 7 May 2017
The Saudi foreign ministry published an infographics that shows the size of aid which the Saudi kingdom has provided to Yemen since April 2015 until April 2017.
Saudi Arabia has provided $8.2 billion during this phase. The amount has been divided on different sectors. The development sector received the biggest share worth $2.9 billion while aid to the legitimate Yemeni government was worth $2.2 billion.
Yemenis residing in the Saudi kingdom also received aid worth $1.1 billion. The value of humanitarian aid is $847.5 million and $1 billion was deposited in the Yemeni Central Bank.
Saudi Arabian's aid to Yemen exceeds $8.2 Billion. pic.twitter.com/0aPSQBYoKc
— السفارة في أوتاوا (@KSAembassyCA) ٦ مايو، ٢٠١٧
Last Update: Sunday, 7 May 2017 KSA 12:04 - GMT 09:04
UN deputy secretary general praises Yemen aid conference pledges
In an interview with Al Arabiya’s UN Bureau Chief Talal al-Haj, the United Nations Deputy Secretary General of the ...
Saudi Arabia donates $150 million at Yemen aid conference
A Yemen aid summit in Geneva on Tuesday received $150 million from Saudi Arabia and $100 million from Kuwait. The UN is ...
Saudi Arabia donates billions to aid Yemen’s reconstruction
Saudi Arabia is to donate $10 billion in aid to Yemen, the country’s president, Abed Rabbu Mansour Hadi revealed ...
Aid reaches starving families in Yemen’s Hudaydah
A convoy of trucks carrying humanitarian aid arrived Monday at Yemen’s western province of Hudaydah, where there ...
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Home Authors Posts by Human Rights Watch
https://www.hrw.org/
Bogus Radio Free Asia Case Drags On
Cambodia: Repression of Opposition Increases
The Cambodian government stepped up its crackdown on political opposition members and activists over the past year, Human Rights Watch said today in its World Report 2020.
Cambodia: Drop Charges Against Journalists
Trial of 2 Ex-Cambodia Daily Reporters Part of Broader Media Crackdown.
Cambodia: Access to Information Bill Falls Short
Needs Revisions to Comply with International Standards.
Cambodia: Drop Charges Against Opposition Leader
EU Should Press for Dismissal of Kem Sokha Case.
Cambodia: Drop Case Against Opposition Leader
EU Should Demand Restoration of Kem Sokha’s Political Rights.
Cambodia: Wave of Opposition Arrests
Governments, Donors Should Demand Release of Political Prisoners.
Former Opposition Official Detained
Cambodian authorities for the first time invoked a discredited 2017 Supreme Court ruling to arrest a former opposition official in Kampot province, Human Rights Watch said today.
Cambodia: Activists Charged for Participating in Memorial
Cambodian authorities should drop all charges and release people arrested for commemorating the third anniversary of the killing of the political commentator Kem Ley, Human Rights Watch said today.
Cambodia: Holding a Media Summit Without Media Freedom
Participants Should Call for Free Expression, Press Freedom.
Cambodia: Over 145 Opposition Members Summoned
End Renewed Crackdown on Dissolved Party
Cambodia: Investigate Land Activist’s ‘Disappearance’
Preah Vihear Authorities Should Urgently Produce Sum Moeun.
Thailand: Don’t Return Cambodian Dissident
The Thai government should not forcibly return the dissident Rath Rott Mony to Cambodia, Human Rights Watch said today. There are strong reasons to believe that Mony would face politically motivated prosecution, wrongful detention, and ill-treatment in Cambodia.
Repeal of Abusive Associations Rule
The Cambodian government’s revocation of a repressive regulation on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) should jump-start genuine efforts to repeal all laws that restrict basic rights, Human Rights Watch said today.
CSOs call on authorities to step up the fight against endemic impunity in Cambodia
On the occasion of the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists, we, the undersigned civil society groups and communities, condemn the ongoing impunity enjoyed by perpetrators of crimes against journalists and human rights defenders in Cambodia, and urge the authorities to take immediate action to ensure the effective, independent, and transparent investigations of all crimes.
Cambodia: Free Opposition Leader Kem Sokha
Politically Motivated Solitary Detention Heightens Health Concerns.
Cambodia: July 29 Elections Not Genuine
Banning Main Opposition Party Makes Vote Meaningless.
Cambodia: Answer Demands for Justice in Kem Ley Murder
Cambodian authorities have yet to carry out a credible, impartial investigation into the murder of prominent political commentator Dr. Kem Ley two years ago, Human Rights Watch said today.
Cambodia: Hun Sen’s Abusive Generals
Cambodia’s increasingly dictatorial, one-party rule is underpinned by generals in the security forces who are responsible for serious and systematic human rights violations, Human Rights Watch said today in a new report.
Cambodia: Release Ex-Radio Free Asia Journalists
Now Held for Six Months on Politically Motivated Espionage Charges
Cambodian king heads to France for ICC-Angkor event
Cambodia not too happy with EU’s trade demands
Singapore announce 24-man squad for Cambodia game in Phnom Penh
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File Image
Punters Linked To Underworld Syndicates Bet Crores On India-Newzealand Match
Cricket July 9, 2019, 12:29 pm
New Delhi: On the eve of the World Cup semi-final clash between India and New Zealand, the betting bazaars in Delhi have gone crazy: the police estimates that the bids in the illegal satta (betting) market could have crossed the Rs 150-crore mark in the National Capital Region (NCR).
Punters, mostly from the trading class, and bookies linked to underworld syndicates are known to have wider network in Delhi's adjoining towns of Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Gurugram.
Delhi Police have put their electronic surveillance in top gear.
"We are taking all measures to monitor the satta operators in the wake of the crucial India-New Zealand semi-final match on Tuesday," Deputy Commissioner of Police Madhur Verma told IANS.
"We are keeping a tab on five star hotels and guest houses, particularly in Karol Bagh and Old Delhi area that are hired by big-time punters. These operators have strong networks, which are often difficult to crack, but we are on the job.
"On previous occasions, the police arrested top bookies from north Delhi, who had a sophisticated internet software of betting linked with mobile phones."
Police sources said odds were placed on New Zealand as India seem the favourites in Tuesday's tie. The bids are not only placed on who wins, but also over-to-over and ball-to-ball.
Individual bids are placed on who will take maximum wickets or who will hit the most sixes. The betting starts right at the toss.
"Most punters place their bids on which team will win the toss. Besides, after winning the toss, bids are placed on the decision of the captain, whether he would decide to bat or field. This time the base betting rate on Team India is Rs 4.35 and Rs 49 on New Zealand," a punter from West Delhi told IANS.
The punters in the capital's satta market -- in Khari Baoli, Karol Bagh, Old Delhi and South Delhi's guest houses and big hotels -- are siding with Team India. But they have not handed them a clean sweep, like in the 2011 World Cup as New Zealand is also a strong competitor this time.
"Like every year during IPL matches, in this World Cup, most college-going youth, businessmen, hoteliers, cricket lovers, traders, corporate women and hawala operators are betting with us. Over 60 per cent bidders are in favour of India's victory. That means thumbs-up for skipper Virat Kohli and his team," a punter told IANS.
Bets are also being placed on the margin of victory in terms of runs and wickets and also on whether runs scored by India and New Zealand could be 400-plus or below 400.
An interesting bet is on who will take more than three wickets from both sides -- whether it would be spinners or pace bowlers. Also, will it be India's Jaspirt Bumrah and Yuzvendra Chahal or New Zealand's Trent Boult or Lockie Ferguson?
The base betting rate of Indian players, for example, in case of Bumrah, it is Rs 20, while for Boult, it is Rs 7, said a source.
The other bets are on star batsmen -- Indian skipper Virat Kohli, his deputy Rohit Sharma, New Zealand captain Kane Williamson and Martin Guptill -- whether they would score half-century or century.
Gurugram Police PRO, Subhash Bokan said: "We are already keeping tight vigil to crack the betting racket on the ongoing World Cup. We have arrested over a dozen of gamblers in the city in the last few weeks. A circular was issued to guest houses and hotel owners to avoid bidding in their premises,"
The satta bazaar operators are closely monitoring the tweets of the players, captains and coaches to know the status of the players who will be in or out. They are also keeping a tab on weather reports and newspaper clippings.
Police sources said that this time, punters have sent some of their middlemen to the UK to keep tabs on all updates, the weather included.
Also Read: ICC Look To Stop Planes From Entering Old Trafford Airspace After Leeds Fiasco
Also Read: Who Will Win The Golden Bat In The ICC World Cup 2019?
Also Read: Vijay Deverakonda Is A Playboy
Also Read: Allu Arjun Dons A Wig For This Role
India New Zealand
A century from Rohit Sharma and a masterful 89 from captain Virat Kohli took them to a 7-wicket win over Australia in the third and final ODI
India Level Series With 36-run Win
India vs Australia: Rohit and Dhawan Recovering Well, Final Call On Sunday
Team India will take a call on injured openers Rohit Sharma and Shikhar Dhawan before the final ODI in Bengaluru on Sunday itself. While Dhawan didn’’t come out to field due to a blow on his rib cage while batting, Rohit walked off in the 43rd over of the Australia innings after a shoulder injury.
MS Dhoni’s Name Missing From BCCI Annual Player Contract List
India head coach Ravi Shastri had said that they will wait till the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2020 to take a call on Dhoni.
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Time to fall out of love
(This post originally appeared on the Texas Baptists web site.)
“Love” is an extremely important word because it speaks of a very powerful reality. Our culture today, however, generally speaks of love in a manner very different from the biblical agape love.
Take Nate Ruess for example. He’s the lead singer for the band, Fun, and now has a solo single, “Nothing Without Love.” This is a great song about the power of romance.
Three years at sea after the storm
And this sinking ship of love you put me on
God, I wish a gust of wind would come
And carry me home …
She made me feel hope, you know
I am, I’m nothing without love
Those lyrics convey a deep sense of lost love. The words are pure poetry, which make you hurt with the writer.
Oh baby, show me a sign
Send up a signal that everything’s fine
Come on, slide up right here by my side
You know that I wanna rest in your light
The longing comes from somewhere deep in the grieving person’s soul.
I am nothing without love
I’m just these thoughts without a pen
And I would take credit for this song
But I am nothing without love
Isn’t this so true? We feel like nothing without love in our lives. And Ruess repeats and repeats the refrain, “I wanna rest in your light.” Love brings light to life.
Ruess is an artist. He has captured something important in the human experience with words set to a rather simple pop tune.
There is, however, a problem – a very big problem. This is a difficulty raised by the majority of popular songs and movies; it is the problem of a false god. The god of popular American culture is romantic love. Children, youth and adults are fed a steady stream of this philosophy through the art of some very gifted people.
P!nk is another pop writer and singer who captured the shallow unsatisfying nature of romantic love. In her 2012 song, “The Truth About Love,” which has nothing to do with God and contains at least one word I cannot print. P!nk says:
The truth about love comes at 3am …
And you say to yourself
I’m gonna figure it out, I’m gonna crack that code …
‘Cause, no one has the answer
So I guess it’s up to me to find the truth about love is it comes and it goes
Note the “it comes and it goes” line. Biblical love does not come and go; it stays.
A strange fascination with his lips on toes
Morning breath, bedroom eyes on a smiling face
Sheet marks, rug burn, and a sugar glaze
Shocking me all, they can eat your eyes
It’s the truth about love
P!nk, in so very few words, captures the allure of erotic attraction. But note her verdict on these enticements – “they can eat your eyes.”
I think it just may be perfect
The only person of my dreams
I never ever ever ever been this happy
But now something has changed
And the truth about love is it’s all a lie
I thought you were the one, and I hate goodbyes
This kind of love is “all a lie.”
The truth about love is it’s blood and it’s guts
Purebreds and mutts
Sandwiches without the crust
It takes your breathe, cuts and leaves a scar
This love leaves hurt and scars in its path. That’s the truth, P!nk says.
The feelings pass; the emotion has no lasting substance.
Rod Dreher, in his new book, How Dante Can Save Your Life: The Life-Changing Wisdom of History’s Greatest Poem, has a very counter-cultural perspective on love. After reading a letter from J.R.R. Tolkien to his son, Dreher said he turned away from “the vision of romantic love that books and movies told me was true, because now I knew better.”
In the 1941 letter, Dreher said Tolkien “warned his son to be wary of courtly love, which exalts ‘imaginary Deities, Love and the Lady.'”
I have not read the full letter nor the book, but Dreher is onto something. Our culture knows very little about the self-giving love exhibited by Jesus. What it knows is romantic attraction that has been redefined as love. It uses the language of being “in love,” as if it is something thrust upon a person rather than using it as a strong and active verb.
Bible translations even have fallen prey. In Genesis 29:18, the better translations say, “Jacob loved Rachel.” A few popular Bibles have language like the New International Version’s, “Jacob was in love with Rachel.”
Catch the difference. In the first, Jacob did something. In the latter, Jacob experienced something.
If I were a betting man, I would wager the New Revised, King James, New American Standard, and Holman scholars got it right by using the very active “loved.”
We need less falling in love and more loving – giving of self to others.
Virtually, every popular movie and most songs are about the emotional experience of falling in love (or, in country music, having your heart broken after falling in love). No wonder children grow up thinking falling in love is the greatest thing that can ever happen to a person.
This thrill of emotion leads young people to misunderstand what it means to really share a life with someone else. Couple this misunderstanding with declining sexual morality, and you have emotionally charged men and women (boys and girls) engaging in the most intimate of relationships with someone for whom they will soon lose their emotional attraction.
You get “soul mate” language that is used to justify the breakup of marriages and families.
Falling in love is about emotion; loving is about giving and commitment.
Rod Dreher understands the difference between what the world calls love and what the Bible calls love because of his sexual adventurousness prior to getting right with God. Dreher is a Catholic, but he’s reading pretty much the same Bible. He writes:
Many Catholics think the Church makes too big a deal about sex; some think the Church should say nothing about sex at all. But practicing chastity after my experience with sex, I understood the Church’s teaching. All the lies I had told myself, and that our culture tells us, about what sex is for left me feeling hollow and unsatisfied.
I didn’t want sex; I wanted love. I mean, yes, I wanted sex, but when it was decoupled from love, that desire was a counterfeit, a false idol. It was destructive to me and to the women I had been with. I realized around this time that by trying to banish that guilty feeling so I could be as free as I wanted to be and thought I had a right to be, I was killing off the most humane part of myself.
When I embraced chastity, I had no idea if I would ever get married. The thought that this might be a lifetime thing filled me with dread. But the prospect of going back to the Egypt from which I’d just been delivered was worse. So on I went, trusting that God knew what was best for me, and that I would rather die to my body with him than live in my body without him.
God did eventually lead Dreher to a woman he could love deeply, and you get the sense from reading his story that it is very much like the biblical one quoted above — Rod loved Julie. It happened when he first held her hand on a visit to Austin. And as Rod tells the story, it conveys an experience of deeper emotion than can be encountered in a culture that misunderstands love as something one falls into.
We went to dinner that night, and out for a late coffee on Saturday. We spent Sunday together, and had our first kiss in the parking lot of Waterloo Records. Three days later, me back at my job in Florida and her in Austin, we were emailing, talking about marriage.
It was crazy. But we both knew. Four months later, after only a few weekends spent together but many, many emails and phone calls, I flew to Austin and, kneeling in a chapel in front of an icon, proposed marriage. She accepted. …
How in the world had that happened, and happened so quickly? Sure, I’m a hopeless romantic, but I am convinced that if my own heart had not been purified by those three years I spent walking through the fire, I would not have recognized that the smile of the beautiful, pure-hearted woman who was my own Beatrice, for whom I had been praying and longing for many years.
Now, that’s a love story, and the depth of it was only made possible by the purity and pursuit of real love that preceded it.
April 30, 2015 May 16, 2016 · Posted in Love ·
‘A.D.’ shows resurrection was not the end of the story
Daniel had a better way
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Home Action I Am Number Four – Director DJ Caruso and the disenfranchised teenager
I Am Number Four – Director DJ Caruso and the disenfranchised teenager
Judy Sloane
Feb 11th, 2011 @ 6:55 am EST
John aka Number Four (Alex Pettyfer) and Number Six (Teresa Palmer) narrowly escape the wrath of their enemies © 2011 DreamWorks,
Veteran director DJ Caruso’s movies include Eagle Eye, Disturbia, Two for the Money, Taken Lives and on TV, Dark Angel, The Shield and Steven Spielberg’s High Incident.
His new movie I Am Number Four is a suspense thriller about an extraordinary young man, John Smith (Alex Pettyfer), who is a fugitive on the run from ruthless enemies sent to destroy him. Changing his identity, he is always moving from town to town, along with his guardian Henri (Timothy Olyphant).
In a small Ohio city John encounters life-changing events – his first love, Sarah (Dianna Agron), powerful new abilities and a connection to the others who share his incredible destiny to save the world.
What was it about this project that interested you?
Director DJ Caruso studies a scene © 2011 DreamWorks
When DreamWorks sent it to me, I was really attracted to it from the character standpoint – this disenfranchised teenager who keeps moving around, not really putting down roots, and trying to figure out who he is. At the same time, he’s got this hidden destiny. I thought it was a really cool story.
John’s extraordinary abilities make him very different from the other kids in school, which in turn makes it very hard for him to fit in. A lot of teenagers can relate to that, particularly those who have to move to a new town at that age. Trying to integrate into high school is tough for anyone.
There is a universal aspect to his character that the audiences can hang on to because even though he is superhuman, the emotions that he has are something that a normal teenager would be experiencing.
Why are there so many Australian and British actors in this?
Number Six (Teresa Palmer) tries to stop the advancing enemy © 2011 DreamWorks
They happened to be the best for the roles. I felt liberated because these children were hiding all over the world and Number Six (Australian actress Teresa Palmer) could be from anywhere.
Alex came in and obviously I knew he was British. I feel that Alex has a really special gift. As interesting, attractive and dynamic as he is, he has an incredible vulnerability that really works for the character. I think it will make audiences fall in love with him.
Diana Agron was saying that she got involved pretty late, was that because of her schedule or was it a hard part to cast?
I had trouble finding the right Sarah. I’d never seen Glee, and someone said, ‘Diana from Glee has an open window on Saturday. There’s a chance if you like her we can schedule her so she can do your movie.’ And she came in and read on Saturday morning and I was like, ‘Oh my God, this is her. She’s great.’
She had such dignity, she has such grace, you’d understand her as the popular girl who also removed herself from that inner, ugly circle of bullying, and so it just hit me [she was perfect for the role].
Ultimately it worked out great and we did have to make some scheduling changes so that we could fit her in. She was the last big cast member to come in.
You have a wonderful dog in this movie that turns out to be more than he seems.
John (Alex Pettyfer) studies his newfound abilities © 2011 DreamWorks
We had seven dogs [for the same role], but the main dog was Scout and he did 90 percent of the film. Scout was like this old-soul dog, he was three years old, he does all the great close-up work, but Scout didn’t want to run. He was like this old pro-actor, he’d look at you and go, ‘No, you get someone else to do that.’
So we’d always have the young guys come in to run or walk, but Scout was always ready [for his close-up]. When you have a close-up of that dog you just can’t help but love him.
Once the cast is in place, when does the CGI come into the plan?
It comes in early on, because a lot of the stunt training me and Teresa had to do with the wire-work had to be really well figured out. Up until the last night the CGI was still evolving.
It was something new for me, so my challenge as a filmmaker was to learn a lot about that. The technology at the beginning of the movie seven months ago is different than the technology now.
The trust between the stunt players pulling the wires, the timing of the wires being pulled and the actors making sure they had their acting-face on at the right moment [has to be exact]. There’s a technical side to that acting, and there’s an acting side to the acting, and I think that’s really difficult.
The fact that [the actors] are pulling it off, when you hear a countdown of three, two, one, knowing that something is going to blow up behind you and you’re going to be spun by the wire, you start to have the right face on at the right moment!
What was it like working with Michael Bay, who was one of the producers of the movie?
Henri (Timothy Olyphan) tries to reason with a defiant John (Alex Pettyfer) © 2011 DreamWorks
Michael was making Transformers: Dark of the Moon at the same time I was shooting this, so he was very busy. But he was a great asset in visual effects and blowing things up and putting things in frames and communicating to the visual effects company what you want.
He literally helped me develop the language I need to communicate for the visual effects, so he was incredibly helpful, because for him it’s like blowing his nose, it’s second nature, everything that happens in all of his films, there are always visual effects, so that was really where he felt he could lend his talents.
It was a really good collaboration.
Diana Agron
DJ Caruso
Previous articleThe Sunset Limited – Why Samuel L Jackson takes the time to ruminate
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Judy is Film Review Online's regular Los Angeles based reporter.
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Subtitled Drama (typically European crime dramas on BBC4)
LondonKiwi Posts: 944
05/08/19 - 08:35 #1452
That was an explosive end to Code 37 (pun intended). Hopefully More4 will show the third series.
petestan Posts: 2,178
Yep, I wasn't sure about Code 37 at the beginning of the first series but it's got better and I have really enjoyed the 2nd one.
The first episode of Thou Shalt Non Kill (aka Non Uccidere) was ok but seems to be a standard police procedural.
Former Miss Italia Miriam Leone is una bella ragazza but not sure if I buy her yet as a police inspector.
Verence Posts: 100,004
I've seen trailers for this series on BBC4 lately, it was shown on ITV3 back in 2012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Those_Who_Kill
Straker Posts: 65,978
Classy - Now BBC4 is not only airing BBC1/2 repeats it also has ITV's sloppy seconds.
Could they make it any more obvious they want to close it?
solare Posts: 8,300
Verence wrote: »
I look forward to that. I don't remember seeing it on ITV3.
Wonder if it will follow Below the Surface.
trott3r Posts: 98
It is thou shall not kill on bbc4 on ITV3 it was those who kill.
I mixed the 2 up myself at first.
It was a scandi cracker which was quite good and was disappointed when they didnt show anymore
Cracker as in robbie coltranes tv series
mike65 Posts: 10,373
Does this tell us more about ITV3 than BBC Four?
AKFE Posts: 5,071
Thanks for the info. I saw some of those back then - probably the first Scandi series I had seen so all new to me and I wouldn't have thought it unusual that it was on ITV3. I actually liked what I saw. I seem to recall it was quite violent.
I assume they are going to show the new episodes and not earlier ones?
AKFE wrote: »
Good point... Having had another look at the trailer it appears to be the new episodes
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07jmr1j
A mini reunion for Miriam Leone and Domenico Diele in Thou Shalt Not Kill (Non Uccidere) this week. They were both in the series 1992 that was on Sky.
According to a comment on IMDB Domenico Diele is in prison for having killed a pedestrian whilst driving under the influence of heroin.
Found it a bit of a stretch that the mother could come out of prison after 15 years and find the plastic bag intact after all that time.
BBC THREE has bought the Norwegian drama "Nudes" there is no premier date yet.
https://www.tvwise.co.uk/2019/08/bbc-three-acquires-norwegian-drama-nudes-in-deal-with-wild-bunch-tv/?fbclid=IwAR3xrOC-bvgNnSeZ4NBl9pV7TT3zGTacP9So0g7A2PMQ0lKKcBzGGK8MayY
ianlawn Posts: 1,219
08/09/19 - 14:39 edited 08/09/19 - 14:39 #1465
With thou shalt not kill I like that its 2 hour episodes but italian dramas dont really interest me. its been dull and predictable, think its obvious whats coming since first ep.
Spiral "coming soon" according to a trailer between tonight's episodes of Those Who Kill
Season 6 is repeated 2 episodes daily from next sunday 1am.
Time: 21:00 to 22:30 (1 hour and 30 minutes long).
When: Saturday 28th September on BBC 4 HD
A chance encounter with a childhood friend of her estranged daughter causes a guilt-ridden Madrid woman to rethink her future. Pedro Almodovar's drama, starring Emma Suarez and Adriana Ugarte. In Spanish.
(High Definition, Widescreen, Premiere, 2016, 15, 4 Star)
https://www.radiotimes.com/film/fwf6wh/thelma/
Looks like another film before spiral. Midnight sun is being repeated on sky Atlantic now
21:00 to 23:10 (2 hours and 10 minutes long).
When: Saturday 5th October on BBC 4 (116)
With the German army advancing on Norway, King Haakon VII faces a decision that will change his country forever. Historical drama, starring Jesper Christensen, Anders Baasmo Christiansen and Karl Markovics. In Norwegian, Danish and German.
(Subtitles, Widescreen, 2016, 12, 4 Star)
Foibles Posts: 1,668
Watched first three episodes of Hotel Beau Sejour on All 4, a Belgian drama about a young woman who has to solve her own murder.
Excellent so far.
Foibles wrote: »
Thanks. I was thinking of giving this ago as soon as I’ve finished The Flatey Enigma (recommended elsewhere).
Surf's Up Posts: 1,271
ianlawn wrote: »
It's a great film. I've watched it twice and it will stand a third viewing.
TelevisionUser Posts: 38,218
Surf's Up wrote: »
It was indeed a good film and the King, Crown Prince and ministers escaped to London to form a government in exile, support the resistance, the Allied cause and the restoration of democracy in Norway.
mwom Posts: 170
Thanks for the recommendation. An enjoyable film, which taught me a lot that I did not know I wanted to know about Norway's royal family. I wasn't fond of all the hand-held camera work, but despite that I found it well worth watching. It was interesting that the young soldier Fredrik Seeberg is a real person, still alive in Norway. https://www.ostlendingen.no/kongens-nei/kultur/elverum/lungene-hang-utenpa-kroppen/f/5-69-302403 (translation needed - but well worth reading)
I was wondering where I had seen the actor who played the King before, on checking I found that he was the long-haired old hippy, Thomas, in The Legacy.
mwom wrote: »
Sadly Fredrik Seeberg died last year
https://www.dt.no/2-verdenskrig/drammen/nyheter/en-krigshelt-har-gatt-bort/s/5-57-970316
That means that the only characters in the film that are definitely still alive are two of Crown Prince Olav's children, his second daughter Astrid and his son Harald who is the current King of Norway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Astrid,_Mrs._Ferner
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway
I dare say it's possible the daughter of Brauer, the German diplomat might still be alive
Something amusing about Jesper Christensen who played King Haakon is that in 2006 he refused a Danish knighthood because he's a republican
https://politiken.dk/kultur/art4670972/Jesper-Christensen-Nej-tak-til-ridderkors
The Beeb have bought the UK rights to a Danish drama called The Investigation based on the murder of a Swedish journalist. There's quite a few familiar faces in the cast, most notably Soren Malling (The Killing, Borgen, and Beneath the Surface) and Rolf Lassgard (the other Swedish Wallander)
https://www.tvwise.co.uk/2019/10/bbc-acquires-the-investigation-in-deal-with-fremantle/
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Silencing India’s daughters
Vanya Bhargav explains the battle behind the Indian government’s ban on a BBC documentary about a notorious gang rape.
A protest against rape and the political reaction in Delhi 2012. (photo under Creative Commons license)
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has often spoken out against gender-based discrimination and in favour of women’s empowerment. Yet in early 2015 his government banned India’s Daughter, Leslee Udwin’s documentary on the 2012 Delhi gang rape of Jyoti Singh, a small but not insignificant effort to understand and provoke discussion on the deep-seated patriarchal and misogynistic attitudes prevalent in Indian society.
The originality of the documentary lies in capturing the candid statements of Mukesh Singh, one of the convicted rapists, as well as two defence lawyers, regarding women’s place in society. Their statements reveal the belief that women have no right to decide for themselves how, where and with whom they wish to spend their time. Those are determined by “our society” and “our culture”, which does not “allow” women to walk the city at night “with any unknown person.” Women like Jyoti who foray into public spaces are seen as wrongly overstepping the bounds of domesticity and permitted female behaviour. In addition to this audacious act, Jyoti committed a second sin: she was out with a man with whom she had no relationship by blood or marriage. One of the lawyers said, “You are talking about man and woman as friends. Sorry, that doesn’t have any place in our society.” A woman who roams the streets with a man other than her son, father, brother or husband is seen as lascivious and her behaviour is seen as implying a license to touch. Indeed, Singh declared defiantly, “a girl is more responsible for rape than a boy.” Women who flout the norms of domesticity and docility invite lewd comments and sexual intercourse. Their objections are seen as histrionics as it is they who, by their actions, invited it and even if genuine, they deserve to be “taught a lesson” for their deviance. The defence lawyer, AP Singh, agreed: “If my daughter or sister engaged in pre-marital activities and disgraced herself and allowed herself to lose face and character by doing such things, I would most certainly take this sort of sister or daughter to my farmhouse, and in front of my entire family, I would put petrol on her and set her alight.”
The frank, matter-of-fact avowal of these views without shame or guilt and Mukesh Singh’s bewilderment at why such a fuss was made about this rape is, in a sense, understandable because he was merely voicing opinions that are commonplace. The rapist appeared to be an ordinary person because he is one. Rape is merely the most violent manifestation of the pervasive belief that a woman does not own her body or her life and it is these deep-rooted patriarchal beliefs that need to be challenged through persistent dialogue, debate and education. However, one must be careful not to overstate the lack of debate in Indian society regarding the legitimacy of patriarchy. Indeed, it is the success of these discussions amongst some sections that explains the rise of numerous independent women like Jyoti Singh, who are seen as threatening male status, and the rise in attacks on them, which represent a backlash to the existence of these debates. The 50 online petitions, with approximately 180,000 signatures, filed to protest the ban on India’s Daughter are indicative of these debates, as is the existence of the long-established feminist movement. However, the ubiquity of patriarchy constantly squeezes the space for this necessarily herculean effort and makes it deeply controversial.
In the case of India’s Daughter, two additional factors explain support for its ban among social media users. An analysis of #BanBBC tweets revealed strong resentment against any comment on India’s internal problems by a foreign country, although praise has always been welcome. Seeing the film as a conspiracy to ‘malign India on a global platform’, these men justify curbing the free speech of ‘anyone trying to abuse our nation’s dignity and pride’. However, had the filmmaker been Indian, a ban might still have been insisted on, along with similar accusations of a plot to defame ‘Hindu women’, ‘millions of Hindus’ and abuse the nation’s pride. This Hindu chauvinism sees Indians who bring excessive attention to the country’s problems as lacking nationalism and deems the free speech of the ‘insufficiently patriotic’ as unworthy of protection.
A second, milder voice that approves the ban is that which supports gender equality but believes that the film makes a celebrity out of a rapist who does not ‘deserve’ space on TV and from whom ‘one cannot learn anything’. Convinced that his statements would only trigger further prejudice and violence, these individuals condone curbs on them. The view that the film “serves to amplify views that encourage and justify brutal sexual violence against women” is shared by some Indian feminists who argued that while “many men across the world hold such regressive views, the amplification of the same by this film also serves to push back the work of the women’s movement in India, which is engaged in contesting and challenging this mindset.” Although these feminists did not favour a ban, they wanted to suggest changes before broadcasting, indicating their ambivalence regarding free speech that expresses misogynistic, victim-blaming attitudes.
While such secular feminist arguments in support of the ban may have impelled a few individual politicians, the deeper reason for the government’s ban is the longstanding unwillingness of the political class to encourage free and open deliberation on gender inequality and discrimination. The government justified the ban by stating that the film would threaten public order by “encouraging and inciting violence against women” and lead to “a huge public outcry and serious law and order problem”. It is effectively stating that it has quashed India’s Daughter because it fears it might give impetus to the free and open debates already occurring in society, and consequently to the kind of protests that challenged the patriarchal status quo in 2012. The film’s potential to galvanise existing struggles challenging the patriarchal attitudes that many within the political class themselves hold, or wish to leave untouched for fear of antagonising their constituents, is what best explains the government’s desire to suppress free speech on this issue.
Vanya Bhargav is a doctoral candidate in Indian History at the University of Oxford researching the construction of religious and national identities. She was active in the street protests following the 2012 Delhi gang rape.
Published on: March 23, 2015 with 1 Comment
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CensorshipFilmGenderIndiaMediaPoliticsProtestPublic Morality
Automated machine translations are provided by Google Translate. They should give you a rough idea of what the contributor has said, but cannot be relied on to give an accurate, nuanced translation. Please read them with this in mind.
butternut pumpkin April 27, 2015 at 9:18 pm
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how was the independent film on the similar issue, Lakshmi (2014) received in India? It was shown as a college event in oxford earlier this year.
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Related Principles
Take a look at the highlighted principles which are relevant to this article to find out more, or browse all of our key principles.
Swipe left to browse all ten principles.
We decide for ourselves and face the consequences.
We – all human beings – must be free and able to express ourselves, and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas, regardless of frontiers.
We neither make threats of violence nor accept violent intimidation.
We allow no taboos against and seize every chance for the spread of knowledge.
We require uncensored, diverse, trustworthy media so we can make well-informed decisions and participate fully in political life.
We express ourselves openly and with robust civility about all kinds of human difference.
We respect the believer but not necessarily the content of the belief.
We must be able to protect our privacy and to counter slurs on our reputations, but not prevent scrutiny that is in the public interest.
We must be empowered to challenge all limits to freedom of information justified on such grounds as national security.
We defend the internet and other systems of communication against illegitimate encroachments by both public and private powers.
Swipe left to browse all of the highlights.
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We must distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate safe spaces, argues Eric Heinze.
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The internet does not guarantee polarised news, argues Richard Fletcher.
Bridging the deep digital divide in India
Only 17% of rural India has internet access. But citizen journalism is giving voice to minorities says Arpita Biswas.
Russia: ‘The Church has an enemy in every home.’ It’s television.
Helen Haft explains how the Orthodox Church has eroded freedom of the media and lobbied for the 2013 law against offending religious feelings.
Are we losing the media we need for democracy?
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The internet alone will not set Africa free
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Eric Heinze argues that it is contradictory to the principles of free speech to criticise the Israeli ambassador to Britain online and then no-platform him at a university talk.
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Free Speech Debate is a research project of the Dahrendorf Programme for the Study of Freedom at St Antony's College in the University of Oxford. www.freespeechdebate.ox.ac.uk
About Free Speech Debate
Free Speech Debate is a research project of the Dahrendorf Programme for the Study of Freedom at St Antony's College in the University of Oxford.
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Media Information note Bahia, capoeira on the beach
Bahia, capoeira on the beach
On a beach in Bahia, a group of dancers perform the steps of a capoeira, traditional dance, considered a martial art. Of African origin, (specifically Angolan), the capoeira is one of the cultural foundations of a mixed-race Brazil. A musical group accompanies the protagonists. The main instrument used is the berimbau.
Media type :
Vidéo - TV report
Broadcast date :
RTF (Radio Télévison Française) (Collection: Voyage sans passeport )
South America > Brazil > Salvador
Episodes of Voyages sans passeport present images, accompanied by music taken from discs and a commentary based on notes sent by the traveling cameraman; the producer remained in Paris. The music that accompanies capoeira was recorded by Simone Dreyfus in 1955 in master Waldemar's barracão. This master can be seen in the shots. During the singing used as background music to the video, the two capoeirists are normally crouching at the foot of the berimbau in the position that we saw them in at the beginning.
Waldeloir Rego wrote in his work Capoeira Angola (1968).that the reputation of Waldemar da Paixão was "equal to that of master Bimba" in the 1950s. Born in 1916 on Mare Island, he built his barracão on the fields of Corta-Waro, which the people cleared without obtaining permission in 1938 to build mud and straw houses to live in. The barracão Waldemar is a large straw hut without any interior walls. There he teaches capoeira; all those who feel up to it may come and play. Waldemar preferred slow games, but would not impose his views on his guests. He is also famous for his singing. He proudly talks about his musical innovations: his idea of cutting the lower tip of the berimbau to make it look less like a weapon, and the extended singing before the game.
Pol Briand
To wind down after work, the port workers, and the plantation workers came together to dance capoeira. It is an extremely unusual dance, which originated in Angola a long time ago. There are two musical instruments, a pandeiro, which is a tambourine, and a berimbau, a stringed instrument with a sound box, in this instance, a half calabash. An old coin is used to change the pitch, while you strike the steel string with a stick, the Baqueta, to produce a weird sound.
There are pirouettes and games, it almost seems to be more than dance, a form of relaxation. It is all done joyfully.
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From Stressed to Calm
With Terry Maluk
MenuHome About – Kind Words EFT – Resources Store Blog Contact
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), also called Tapping, is a simple yet very powerful self-help method that neutralizes emotional blockages. Research shows that most physical and emotional health issues are related to emotional stress. Stress creates chemical and energetic imbalances that block the body’s ability to heal. Using a simple technique of gently tapping on acupressure points while talking about the issue can help the body release that fight or flight response so that stress is reduced and negative emotions are rebalanced. A growing number of clinical trials published in peer-reviewed medical and psychology journals have demonstrated that EFT is effective for
cravings (yes, even chocolate!),
phobias,
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,
physical pain,
insomnia,
and many other issues. These journals include distinguished publications such as the Journal of Clinical Psychology, the American Psychological Association (APA) journals Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training and Review of General Psychology, and the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, a trusted psychiatric journal. Ongoing research is currently being conducted internationally by well over 100 investigators.
A Brief History…in a Nutshell
While Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) have not been around as long as acupuncture, one of the main components of EFT is the gentle tapping on those same energy lines, or meridians, used in acupuncture and acupressure. No needles! Yay! When combined with some current psychotherapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Exposure Therapy, this tapping yields amazing results.
EFT was developed by Gary Craig in the 1990s based on his study of work done by Roger Callahan in Thought Field Therapy (TFT). TFT was one of the first methods in what is now called “Energy Psychology.” As Craig realized the potential of this approach, he worked to refine and simplify the techniques while maintaining positive, measurable results: an evidence-based methodology. He ultimately developed a simple yet very profound set of techniques which he made available to everyone on his website emofree.com.
Since Craig’s website was originally published, EFT has continued to undergo testing and refinement by many individuals and groups, and publications in highly respected, peer-reviewed journals continue to support Craig’s findings and techniques. Groups such as EFT Universe and AAMET have developed EFT training and certification options for practitioners interested in pursuing the use of this amazing tool. You might enjoy a summary of research studies regarding EFT Tapping as an evidenced-based treatment with a printable PDF for sharing with others.
Introduction to EFT by Founder Gary Craig
For more detailed information, visit the EmoFree site, EFT International, and EFT Universe.
Schedule your FREE 15-minute phone conference to start the conversation about how EFT can help you!
The bottom line: EFT WORKS!!!
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Target Teams Up With Disney to Open Shops
Posted 1:53 PM, August 25, 2019, by Associated Press, Updated at 01:43PM, August 25, 2019
NEW YORK (AP) — Target is hoping to bring the magic of such characters as Mickey Mouse and Elsa to its own customers by opening permanent Disney shops at a cluster of stores starting this fall.
As part of the collaboration with The Walt Disney Co., the Minneapolis-based discounter says it will open 25 Disney-branded stores start on Oct. 4, with 40 additional locations opening by October 2020.
Target is also launching a Disney-focused online experience on its site on Sunday. And it’s planning a new store near the entrance of the Walt Disney World Resort in 2021.
“This is a great fit for our brand and theirs,” Brian Cornell, Target’s CEO told reporters during a conference call on Saturday.
The moves, made public officially Sunday, come as Target is looking to build on its strong sales streak. Last week, the discounter raised its annual profit expectations after reporting strong second-quarter profits and sales. The discounter has been sprucing up its stores with new brands and displays.
Disney, which operates about 300 of its owns stores globally, is looking for new ways to reach customers amid weak traffic declines at malls. Bob Chapek, chairman of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, said there’s a 90% overlap between Disney and Target customers.
Disney also has shops at about 600 J.C. Penney stores. But unlike Target’s Disney shops, they’re not Disney store branded and do not have the breadth of merchandise or the interactive features.
Chapek told reporters that there are no plans to end the agreement with struggling Penney and said that the shops are doing well.
Target, which has long sold Disney merchandise, says the Disney shops will average about 750 square feet (70 sq. meters) each and will be located near children’s clothing and toys. They will feature more than 450 items, including more than 100 products that were previously only available at Disney retail locations. The shops will feature music, interactive displays, photo opportunities and a seating area where families can watch Disney movie clips.
Financial terms were not disclosed.
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Disney+ suffers some technical difficulties at launch
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Montreal hasn’t had an MLB team for 15 years. Tampa Bay might change that by splitting its home games
Posted 8:32 AM, June 21, 2019, by CNN Wire
The Rays, shown in a May 30 photo, often play in front of small crowds in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Most people would love a home up north and a place down in Florida where they could split their time.
Many baseball players already do it — with a month and half or so at spring training before heading to their home city for the regular season.
But the Tampa Bay Rays, an American League team with low attendance and an uninspiring stadium, are exploring the possibility of playing some of their homestands in future seasons in St. Petersburg, Florida, and some 1,500 miles away in Montreal.
There hasn’t been a major league baseball team in Montreal since 2004 when the Expos left for Washington. The city is host to two spring training games each year at 43-year-old Olympic Stadium, where they draw about 22,000-24,000 people for each contest.
“My priority remains the same, I am committed to keeping baseball in Tampa Bay for generations to come,” Rays owner Stu Sternberg said, according to a tweet posted to the team’s verified account. “I believe this concept is worthy of serious exploration.”
White Sox will extend protective netting to foul poles
Speaking at a meeting of owners of the 30 teams, Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred announced that the executive committee has given the Rays “permission to explore” a split season between Florida and Montreal.
“The purpose of a split season would be to preserve baseball in Tampa, but improve the economics of the club overall by playing some of their games in Montreal,” Manfred said. “There is no commitment on the part of the owners to ultimately approve a plan. The permission that was granted was simply permission to explore this alternative in an effort to strengthen a franchise that has performed great on the field but continues to be pretty limited from an economic perspective.”
The Rays are 29th in MLB attendance with an average of 14,545 tickets sold or distributed, according to an ESPN.com chart. That means Tropicana Field, a domed stadium that opened in 1990, is about one-third full for most games. The Rays are in second place in the American League East.
There hasn’t been a team that split its home game since the Expos played some “home” contests in Puerto Rico in 2003 and 2004.
Boston Red Sox honor legendary slugger David Ortiz at Fenway Park
Pirates select four players on first night of 2019 MLB Draft
Filed in: Sports
Topics: Canada, mlb, Montreal, Montreal Expos, Tampa Bay Rays
News Politics Sports
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Can the Washington Nationals shock the heavily favored Houston Astros in the World Series?
Governor Wolf urges MLB to keep Minor League Teams in Pennsylvania
Nationals beat heavily favored Astros in Game 1 of World Series
Former MLB All-Star Josh Hamilton faces child injury charge
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Why Washington Nationals fans are obsessed with the ‘Baby Shark’ song
Pirates hire Derek Shelton as manager
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The overall aim of RISKSUR was to develop and validate conceptual and decision support frameworks and associated tools for designing efficient risk-based animal health surveillance systems. RISKSUR developed tools and frameworks targeted at the following surveillance objectives associated with livestock diseases:
Detection of incursion of exotic, new (emerging) and re-emerging diseases
Declaration of freedom from specified diseases and infections
Monitoring of endemic diseases (case detection, disease frequency estimation)
The RISKSUR objectives were achieved through the following strategies:
Bringing together a multi-disciplinary consortium of veterinarians, epidemiologists and economists.
Using extensive applied experience in design and implementation of animal health surveillance systems at farm, regional, national and/or international level and economic evaluation.
Involving business partners with applied expertise in animal health surveillance and the early adoption and translation of new technology to guarantee data access to ensure the development of practical solutions.
Collaborating with key stakeholders to ensure policy relevance such as veterinary administrations and the Chief Veterinary Offices (CVO) from different countries.
Expected impacts
Support of the Community Animal Health Policy (CAHP) and international policies
Support of European Food Security Authority (EFSA) activities and relevant authorities in the decision making process
Cost-effective risk-based surveillance programmes
Early detection of diseases will allow taking rapid response and hence reducing losses in production and market access for farmers and compensation funds for public bodies, as well as reduce the risk of direct or indirect impact on public health
Inform appropriate biosecurity measures for different production systems based on analysis of surveillance data
Contribute to assessment of potential changes in the production systems and associated disease risks
Methodologies will be applicable to other areas of the world
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By T.J. Clark, Anselm Jappe and Donald Nicholson-Smith
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This is the first intellectual biography of Guy Debord, prime mover of the Situationist International (1957–1972) and author of The Society of the Spectacle, the seminal book of the May 1968 uprising in France. Anselm Jappe offers a powerful corrective to the continual attempts to incorporate Debord’s theoretical work into “French theory.” Jappe focuses, to the contrary, on Debord’s debt to the Hegelian-Marxist tradition, to Karl Korsch and Georg Lukács, and more generally to left-Marxist currents of council communism. His close reading of Debord’s magnum opus is unique among the great flood of writing on the Situationists in recent decades. This PM reprint edition benefits from a new author’s preface and a bibliographical update.
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Hokusai, 1760-1849
Given name Katsushika (originally Nakajima) Tamekazu. Go: Fusenkyo, Gakyojin, Gakyo Rojin, Gumbatei, Gyobutsu, Hishikawa Sori, Hokusai, Iichi, Kako, Katsukawa Shunro, Kintaisha, Kuku, Manji, Manjio, Manji Rojin, Raishin, Raito, Ryosen, Shimpaku Sanjin, Shinsai, Shunro, Sori, Soshunro, Taito, Tatsumasa. (Used over 50 go, of which the above are the most common.) Ukiyo-e painter, printmaker. Lived largely in Edo. Adopted son of the mirror maker Nakajima Ise. Trained as an engraver; also learned to cut wood blocks for prints, apparently the only artist of his time to do so. At 18 learned to design actor prints from Katsukawa Shunsho; given the go Katsukawa Shunro, under which he also produced illustrated kibyoshi. In 1785 quarreled with Shunsho and was dismissed from his studio. In 1787 began to sign Hishikawa Sori; about 1797 began to use the go Hokusai. From about 1795 to 1806, under the go Gakyojin, Hokusai, Kako, and Sori, worked in a romantic manner turning out surimono and illustrated volumes of verse. Next, under the influence of Chinese-style landscapes in book illustrations by Ooka Shumboku and others, introduced landscapes into his own works, producing pictures of famous places. In 1814 the remarkable Manga volumes began to appear. By 1816, using the go Iichi, was doing some of his finest paintings, including the great landscapes; also the fine kachoga prints. In 1817 to Nagoya to work; in 1818 visited Osaka and Kyoto. After 1820 all the great sets of prints, such as Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, began to appear. By 1835, using the go Manji and Gakyo Rojin among others, worked primarily as a painter. His life unsettled, with frequent changes of residence and two marriages, but even so a prodigious output of prints, sketches, paintings—perhaps 30,000 in all. Many pupils. One of the great draftsmen of the world; worked in many styles, even that of Shiba Kokan, the exponent of Western perspective. Very daring landscapes and seascapes. Always inventive, fascinating, dexterous. Taken in whole, or in part from: Roberts, Laurance P. A Dictionary of Japanese Artists: Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints, Lacquer. Weatherhill, Inc: New York. 1986.
Kichiemon Nakamura #281114 Sekino, Jun'ichiro, 1914-1988 $4,000
Three Butterflies (Green) #15198701 Hamaguchi, Yozo, 1909-2000 $3,000
Dusk at Itako #911235 Hasui, Kawase, 1883-1957 SOLD
One Day in East Africa No. 3 #89161909 Yoshida, Toshi, 1911-1995 $900
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Engel Statement on Turkey Resettling Refugees in Formerly Kurdish Northeast Syria
Washington—Representative Eliot L. Engel, Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, today made the following statement about Turkey’s resettlement of Syrian refugees in territory formerly inhabited by the country’s Kurdish population:
"Turkish President Erdogan conducted a bloody ethnic cleansing campaign against the Syrian Kurds in Northeast Syria. Now, he’s forcing Arab and Turkmen Syrian refugees to resettle in the Kurds’ ancestral homeland, where security conditions will put their lives at risk. This is immoral and unjust—and goes against international humanitarian law that calls for the safe, dignified, and voluntary returns of displaced people.
"This action makes it even clearer what a destabilizing actor Erdogan is in the region—and why it’s so appalling that President Trump has cozied up to this thug and empowered him to spread bloodshed and terror.
"We cannot stand by and watch while Erdogan ethnically cleanses Northeast Syria of its Kurdish minorities, and we must continue to support Syrian refugees and their rights. I call on President Erdogan to halt these resettlements immediately. I hope President Trump will finally demonstrate some moral courage and American leadership by joining me in doing so."
Permalink: https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/2019/12/engel-statement-on-turkey-resettling-refugees-in-formerly-kurdish-northeast-syria
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Fiji Resort $10 Million Headache For Allied Farmers
Tuesday, June 21 2011
Hanover Finance's loan to Fijian resort Vatulele has proved disastrous for Allied Farmers with ASB Bank calling in the receivers, The New Zealand Herald reported. The multimillion-dollar loan on the resort, a popular winter destination for New Zealanders and Australians, has been in default for more than two years. ASB, which lent to the project, pulled the plug last week. An Allied Farmers subsidiary is the second secured lender after ASB.
Legal Hell In Fiji Paradise
The poolside villas, the beachfront location, the warm tropical air - it should be paradise. But for 240 investors in the Hilton on Fiji's Denarau Island, the past 18 months have been more like purgatory. Some forced to mortgagee sale would probably describe it as hell, The New Zealand Herald reported. Now the trouble in paradise has escalated to the point where owners are about to put padlocks on their villas, potentially disrupting the holiday plans of hundreds at the peak of Fiji's tourism season.
Fiji Villa Resort on Brink of Receivership
The company developing the $300 million Fiji Beach Resort & Spa managed by Hilton says it is on the verge of going into receivership, The New Zealand Herald reported. Neville Mahon, Auckland-based developer of the huge luxury property, has written to villa owners saying receivership of Denarau Investments is imminent. Bank Of Scotland (BoS) and Auckland finance company Strategic had funded the project. Mahon says he has been unable to pay dozens of investors who bought villas at his Hilton Denarau Island project, planned to be eventually expanded and called Fiji Hilton.
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Movies/
Judge and Jury
An electrocuted killer returns from the dead to take revenge on the authorities who caught him.
Genre : Action, Horror
Actors : Bob Minor, David Keith, Jay Rasumny, Kelly Perine, Laura Johnson, Martin Kove, Patricia Scanlon, Paul Koslo, Robert Miranda, Stan Sells, Thomas Ian Nicholas
An island populated entirely by happy, flightless birds or almost entirely. In this paradise, Red, a bird with a temper problem, speedy Chuck, and the volatile Bomb have always been outsiders. But when the island is visited by mysterious green piggies, it’s up to these unlikely outcasts to figure out what the pigs are up to.
Country: Finland, USA
Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Family
Biker Cary Ford is framed by an old rival and biker gang leader for the murder of another gang member who happens to be the brother of Trey, leader of the most feared biker gang in the country. Ford is now on the run trying to clear his name from the murder with Trey and his gang looking for his blood.
Devil Seed
Alexandra is a lively college student returning to live with her roommates Jessica and Breanne after the summer holidays. After a night of drinking, Alex agrees to a psychic reading to learn about her future with her boyfriend, Brian, but during the reading a dramatic turn of events causes SOMETHING to go drastically wrong. When Alex awakes the next day, she cant remember the events of the night before. She begins to hear creepy noises, hallucinate, black out and receive unidentifiable scratch marks all over her body. Afraid shes going crazy, she seeks help from her friends but Jessica, Breanne and Brian are incapable of comprehending the scope of the darkness descending UPON her. Instead, Alex receives help from a school professor and his father who have dealt with the supernatural before. But as Alexs condition worsens, it becomes apparent that it may already be too late to stop the entity from using Alexs body as a gateway into our world (IMDb.com).
Saam gaang yi
“Three” is an anthology of three horror shorts from three different Asian countries.In “Dumplings” an aging actress wishing to reclaim her youth goes to a woman who makes dumplings that supposedly have regenerative properties; however, they contain a gruesome secret ingredient. In “Box” a soft spoken young woman has a bizarre recurring nightmare about being buried in a box in the snow. Searching for her long lost sister, she realizes her dreams and reality may possibly be connected. In “The Cut” a successful film director and his wife are kidnapped by an extra, who forces the director to play his sadistic games. If he fails, his wife’s fingers will be chopped off one by one every five minutes
Country: Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea
A man’s best friend is killed on the streets of New York. The man (Robert Ginty) then transforms into a violent killer, turning New York into a great war zone and Christopher George is the only one to stop him.
A young family moves into a historic home in Georgia, only to learn they are not the house’s only inhabitants. Soon they find themselves in the presence of a secret rising from underground and threatening to bring down anyone in its path.
Bairokêshon
Shinobu Takamura (Asami Mizukawa) is an aspiring painter. One day, she is accused of using counterfeit money. Shinobu is confused by the allegation, because she never did such a thing and was at home when the crime occurred. Police Officer Kanou then appears and takes her to a place. When they get there, a group of people are already gathered. All of the people there are concerned over a doppelganger like existence that looks just like them and acts like them. They call that existence “bilocation”.
Genre: Drama, Horror, Mystery
Charismata
As a rookie detective struggling to find acceptance in a police department defined by a culture of bullying and intolerance, things go from bad to worse when the chief suspect in a series of brutal ritualistic murders takes a personal interest in her. A game of cat and mouse ensues which sees Rebecca’s grasp on reality beginning to spiral out of control, leading to a terrifying climax where she needs to fight for her sanity, her life and maybe even her soul.
The Night Seekers
Dead in a Heartbeat
An unlikely duo, Lieutenant Tom Royko of the Seattle Bomb Squad and renowned heart surgeon, Dr. Gillian Hayes, find themselves in a race against time to track down a disturbed bomber who is inexplicably causing Dr. Hayes’ patients to explode.
A biographical drama centered on the rivalry between Formula 1 drivers James Hunt and Niki Lauda during the 1976 Formula One motor-racing season.
Country: Germany, UK, USA
Genre: Action, Biography, Drama, History, Sport
Puppet Master 8: The Legacy
Peter Hertz tells a woman the past stories about the puppets, but she secretly wants to kill them.
Genre: Fantasy, Horror, Sci-Fi
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核子百科（Nukapedia）
Fallout系列
維基成就
Fallout 2 quests, Walkthroughs
The Nearly Ultimate Fallout 2 Guide
简体 | 繁體
關於the Fallout guide，參見The Nearly Ultimate Fallout Guide。
This guide is copyrighted, please see Copyright notice at the bottom of the page for details. The original guide can be found at http://user.tninet.se/~jyg699a/fallout2.html.
Written and coded by Per Jorner
“ Let me enlighten you, grasshopper. Fallout 2 is cool because it's a nonlinear, nonclassbased kickass postnuclear computer roleplaying game with a high replayabillity value. Fallout 2 allows you to play your character the way you want. If you want to play a goodie-two-shoes, you can. If you want to play an evil bastard, you can (Yes, you really can hit children in the groin with a sledgehammer). If you want to play a moron who can hardly talk because of his low intelligence, you can. ”
[显示]
Introduction 编辑
“ Hey, stranger! Need a guide? ”
—New Reno prostitute
Welcome to my Fallout 2 guide/walkthrough. This guide exists because I realized that if I wanted the kind of complete Fallout 2 guide that I envisioned, it pretty much meant writing it myself. That turned out to be quite an undertaking, but on the other hand, as far as I'm concerned Fallout 2 is the best computer game ever made.
This guide is an attempt to provide a thorough presentation of the things you can do in Fallout 2: quests to perform, places to go, people to eat. It is not, on the other hand, an attempt to compile reams of game data such as documenting every karma point gained or lost, because it wouldn't be much fun. For game mechanics, detailed item stats and such, consult the manual and/or available in-game information. The basic assumption is that players want to squeeze as much out of their game as possible - which is another thing that makes writing this guide worthwhile, because Fallout 2 is a game that just keeps on giving. There are details and aspects you won't notice until your second, third or fourth game, playing different characters with different attitudes. Or until you read this guide, anyway.
I've been playing the game using the UK edition, patch version 1.02e plus the "children patch". To my knowledge there is not a single significant difference between the UK and US versions except for the children thing. I've also used Falche2 Character Editor 2.10 and Inventory Editor 1.01 extensively to try out situations and features; moreover I've used Fallout 2 DAT explorer v1.42 to unpack game files, Fallout Items Mode Editer 1.1 to check out some item details, Fallout Utility for Critter tinKering 0.62 to check out some critter data, and the script decompilers by TeamX and Noid as well as the scripts that came with the Fallout 2 Mapper to check lots of things. Since trainers, utilities and mods aren't part of the game, I won't deal with them specifically. I don't recommend cheating, other than momentarily for the purpose of experiencing things that you wouldn't normally see, or in a last-ditch attempt to save a doomed character.
Virtually every piece of information or advice presented here has been verified in personal testing or playing experience, although I have of course consulted rather a lot of existing walkthroughs and board postings for snippets of information and things to try out. Sadly, many guides are either poorly written ("klammth this place stinks btr get sum quest!!! i need the xp!!!!!"), give embarrassingly bad advice ("So that's why I always tag Throwing, First Aid and Barter"), include patently false information ("If you keep the Pipe Gun in one of your active item slots it will give you Agility +3, it doesn't work for all characters"), or are glaringly incomplete ("I've heard there is a place called New Reno in this game but I never found it"). Hopefully this guide should avoid those pitfalls with some margin to spare.
Of other Fallout 2 writings I would recommend those of Whitechocobo666, author of the Endings FAQ, the Perks FAQ, the Weapon/armour FAQ and the Evil Walk-through; Steve Metzler, whose Steve's Guide to Fallout 2 was my original source of inspiration; Chris Avellone, co-designer of the game and maker of the Fallout Bible; and also Cristian Golumbovici. General credit goes to the people on the No Mutants Allowed message board. Special thanks to Sébastien Caisse a.k.a. Red! for checking scripts and stuff for guide version 1.0.
Please note that spoilers abound. The first time you play a game like this, you really shouldn't be using any kind of walkthrough whatsoever. If you don't care enough about the unique experience of finding out and doing things on your own to abstain from spoiling it, you probably have better things to do with your time than play the game at all. So, in case this is your first game, don't read beyond Preparations.
If you spot typos, have something to contribute or want to complain that my inclusion criteria are arbitrary, please mail me. If you have a gameplay or technical question that doesn't have anything to do with the guide itself (unless it hints at a deficiency therein), please turn to a message board; there are several on the net. I'm sorry, but you must understand that I'm not a one-person helpline. At least do a couple of string searches before you decide the answer isn't in the guide already.
Comments and additional information have been colour-coded in the following imaginative manner:
A green star marks straightforward, reliable information or advice.
A yellow star signals some measure of uncertainty or speculation, but information given can be expected to be correct in broad terms.
A red star is used for highly speculative information as well as massively peripheral or trivial comments.
A blue star is used for general comments appearing in the Area walkthrough section which have a wider application than the specific context where they are brought up, such as character design, combat strategy or general game behaviour.
Preparations 编辑
“ I'll get you during my next save game. ”
First of all you should find out if you need to patch your game. Originally this game existed in five different versions: the US edition, two UK editions (normal and low violence), and two localized editions in German and French respectively. Before playing you should locate, download and install the patch (v1.02) for your version, since this will drastically improve performance and gameplay from the unpatched version of the game. This is all in the readme file, by the way. Always read those. In the walkthrough, notes that are only relevant to the unpatched game will be marked with red stars, i.e. as being largely uninteresting. If you have any kind of budget re-release or new localized version I don't think there should be any need to patch the game, but for your own sake you should make sure.
Install the patch before you start playing, since saves made in the unpatched game will be invalidated. There is an unofficial save game converter, but I think it only works on US saves and not on any of the European versions.
You can use the US executable with the UK version if you are bothered by the CD lock of the latter. To my knowledge there are no harmful consequences to this. As an aside, there are a few known purely textual differences between the US and UK versions concerning "sensitive" words: "drug" has become "chem", and "addiction" has become "reliance" (but the "Addict" tab in the main interface is still the same). The reason why is anyone's guess, but if you've been wondering where I got this "chem" word from, that's the explanation.
There is no official patch for the English Low Violence edition (marked ELV on the CD), but it's been reported that using either the US or UK patch works fine, even though it says in the readme that "applying a patch from any of the other versions will severely corrupt the game". You might want to go for the US patch, because of the CD lock thing. (Actually what I'd really recommend is not having anything to do with that product in the first place.)
I also strongly recommend, if you have any other version than the US one, that you download the so-called children patch. This set of files, which is not technically a patch at all, will add the in-game children which have been removed from these versions (for some obscure reason of law or policy which apparently did not apply at all to Baldur's Gate, where you can roast kids with Fireballs all you want). You don't need any additional code, it's all there already. If you don't have the kid files, you'll miss out on a few quests, be exposed to invisible pilferers and be confounded by bodiless voices, which is all bad. You have been warned.
The contents of the children patch are simply the kid graphics files which have been copied raw from the US CD, and what's been done to the UK version to remove the kids is simply keeping those same files off the CD. Interestingly enough, Interplay's customer support used to deny all this, but I suppose that would have to be their official line.
A somewhat edited Ashmo: "The German version has no kids and only the 'low violence' deaths. People drop dead. If you set it to normal violence rather than none, they drop dead and bleed. The preferences screen is a bit different as there are only two options on the violence control. You need to get the gore patch (which usually includes the children patch) and then edit the config file to set the violence level higher (setting it to 3 should do the trick). The alternative is to get the executable from the US or UK version and overwrite yours."
Saving and loading times in the unpatched version can be as long as a minute or more. There are at least three ways of improving this to an acceptable 3-10 seconds:
Install the patch!
Use the large installation size instead of the humongous. This may seem counter-intuitive, but it works that way on many computers.
Shut down or disable programs running in the background, such as virus scanners.
I have also found on my own computer that Windows instability has at times caused a significant increase to loading times and that restarting the computer takes care of this. Your system may have its own peculiarities. On fast computers loading times may not be an issue at all, but there are always other problems that crop up to compensate.
One potential problem that relates to processor speed concerns world map travel. On some fast computers, you will zip across the map and have virtually no encounters. Conversely, on computers that can barely run the game you might experience slow travel with numerous interruptions (though this should be a less frequent issue). There are hacks you can use to restore travel speed to a more reasonable level, or you could try running an emulator.
Save often! Ideally you should quicksave after every battle and before every conversation. Having to play even a few minutes' worth of shootin' and lootin' all over again because you made the wrong choice in a dialogue can be irksome. (Of course it may also happen that you realize only afterwards that you've done something wrong and wish you had not saved...) I'd also recommend keeping a save game slot for each time you enter a new major location (town etc.). This way if you really screw up somehow and only find out after you save (it can happen), you "only" have to replay that area. These saves can also come in handy later on if you want to see what would have happened if you'd done differently in a particular quest.
A little word of warning about quicksave: as you probably know the quicksave function is "reset" when you use the regular load or save commands. However, it's not reset if you exit the current game and start a new character.
Once you fill up your quota of slots you can use a file manager of your choice to make room for new ones. Just rename a save game folder (those named "Slot01" through "Slot10") you don't need for the moment to something which gives you a hint of what it contains (like "Slot02-klam"), and that slot will be free for use again. Then whenever you want to bring back an archived save, restore that folder's name to a valid one. You can use a similar trick to swap between whole save catalogues by renaming the "Savegame" folder to "SavegameX" or something else. This way you can juggle different games with different characters.
A more "realistic" approach to the game involves using a single save slot and reloading only if you die or screw up entirely by mistake (but not, for instance, if you fail some action or have second thoughts about something). Not recommended at all for beginners. Also better use at least one more slot for backup just in case your save files are corrupted. An even more realistic playing style called "iron man" involves never saving the game at all except between playing sessions; if you die, you're dead and have to start all over again! (Though I suspect that very few people have actually stuck with this concept to the bitter end, for instance after dying in NCR because you forgot to holster your weapons or in a freak random encounter with super mutants.)
Entering the options screen (which can also be reached from within the game, of course, the difference being that these settings will be used in new games but do not affect existing ones, while changes made in saved games will carry over to this screen), I'd change the following default settings: combat speed to fastest (check the box), target highlight to "on" (helps you see what's happening to critters behind walls), and running to "always". If you've played through the game a few times already you may want to consider raising the difficulty levels to hard/rough.
If you hold down Shift and press the credits button on the starting screen, you'll get to read a quote file from the developers. Good for a laugh!
You can access some sort of recording mode if you press Ctrl-R on the starting screen. You get to choose an area and run around it (with Narg), but you can't talk to people (unless you set off some script) or manipulate objects except for opening doors. This also creates a "selfrun" directory in your game folder where the recording is stored. When you're fed up, press Ctrl-R again to return to the starting menu. If you now wait for a while, one of your recordings will start playing, more or less accurately. The most interesting thing about this is that it shows a few unimplemented or unreachable areas, namely the Holy Hand Grenade encounter (see the Addenda section for more on this), a third Den area (with Smitty and Anna in it), and the inside of the space shuttle (which doesn't have any proper graphics). See the Area walkthrough section for a way to exploit this in the game.
There's a particular bug I want to tell you about right away, the "too many items" bug, because when it strikes you won't necessarily have any clue what causes it (unless you read this, that is). In brief, if you collect too many items (e.g. if you aim at hoarding every quest item in the game in the trunk), this will corrupt save files and make the game crash. Normally you shouldn't need to worry, but if you spot the skilldex button going black while you're playing, you're in the danger zone. See Addenda for more info and a way to counter this bug if the worst comes to the worst.
Character design 编辑
“ You'd think there's only ten kinds of people in the world. Way I figure it, there was some big cloning accident in the past. ”
The SPECIAL system used for Fallout 2 character design is so flexible that a complete run-down on possible types isn't feasible nor desirable. I'll center this discussion on a character type which has worked very well for me and try to argue briefly why it does. If the four extremes of character creation are the ones known as diplomat, thief, sniper and brawler, mine is a kind of small guns generalist who can in time excel at everything. It is somewhat similar to the one popularly known as "diplosniper", although some details such as my liking of Fast Shot may run counter to that definition. In any case you'll gain a lot more xp than in Fallout, which is why there's really no need to choose a specific path.
The pre-defined characters are generally considered to suck dead gophers (e.g. Narg has Throwing, Mingan has Skilled and Chitsa has Barter). One of the nicest things about most computer RPGs is creating your own character or characters, anyway; even if I wanted a "Mingan" character, I'd make one instead of taking Mingan.
Gender plays a negligible role in the game. Bartering is only affected if you also have the Sex Appeal trait. The only noteworthy differences are that male characters can donate genetic material in Vault City and date Phyllis, while female characters can sleep with Metzger, Little Jesus and T-Ray for money or favours and can get hired by Miss Kitty to go to the Stables. There are several more people that will only sleep with characters of a specific gender (e.g. Angela Bishop, Slim Picket, Fannie Mae), but not much comes of it. Stupid characters can only box if they're male.
Age is not checked in any of the scripts. A nice detail is that your character will age as time goes by in the game (well, maybe the opposite would have been strange, but it's nice anyway, isn't it?).
Stats 编辑
When allotting char points there are some things to keep in mind:
Strength: Extremely useful for... carrying stuff. Believe me, this is a game in which you'll want to carry stuff. You should start out with at least 5 (especially if you're taking Small Frame). However, since ST can be increased by 6 points during the game (perk +1, surgery +1, armour +4), I wouldn't recommend going any higher than that; even if you go for the full 10 it will mostly be noticeable in the beginning stages of the game (and a waste towards the end).
Perception: Good for ranged combat. A starting minimum of 5 is required for the Awareness perk, but there are quest benefits to setting it to 6 even for HtH characters. Can be increased by 2 points during the game (perk +1, surgery +1).
Endurance: Determines Hit Points and not much else. Unless you like close combat a little too much I wouldn't put more than 4 (and anyway, two extra points to EN still only means some 30 extra HP by the end of the game). Can be increased by only 1 point during the game (perk +1).
Charisma: Useful for keeping your dialogue options open, though not nearly so important as Intelligence. Affects bartering both directly and indirectly. Your maximum number of followers is equal to your CH divided by two, rounded down. Even if you don't plan to keep any company you might want to set it to 2 so you can at least pick up NPCs temporarily for xp and such. Can be increased by 3 points during the game (perk +1, surgery +1, shades +1).
Intelligence: Unless you plan to rely on brute force for everything, this is likely your most important statistic since it rules conversation and determines extra skill points per level. 7 is a balanced value since it means you only need one Mentats for the few occasions where you need to go higher, though anything up to and including 9 is probably not too much. Can be increased by 3 points during the game (perk +1, surgery +1, weird brain alignment +1).
Agility: Determines your Action Points, so you don't want less than 6, and starting with anything up to 10 doesn't hurt. Can be increased by only 1 point during the game (perk +1).
Luck: As the effects of Luck are not so obvious, it's easy to perceive it as the trash stat of the system (much like Charisma usually is everywhere else). It does have an impact on your rate of critical hits, especially with the Sniper perk in place, but early in the game you won't suffer much from a low Luck score. It can be improved by 3 points during the game (perk +1, either a weird brain alignment +2 or another weird brain alignment +1).
Stats can never be effectively raised above 10. Of those stat rises mentioned above, the "weird alignment" which gives IN +1 and LK +1 and the other which gives LK +2 are mutually exclusive. Also evil characters will normally lose out on the "surgery" IN +1 bonus.
A Strength of 5 is enough to handle virtually all weapons early on and many later ones as well (HK P90c, Gauss Pistol, Pulse Rifle). ST 6 is needed for some mid- or late-game weapons such as the Gauss Rifle and Bozar, and ST 7 for all kinds of miniguns, which means that once you get the Power Armor you can pick and choose anyway. If you use a Bozar with ST 5 you "only" get a -20% penalty which can be balanced with skill points, whereas the stat point can be put to better use.
EN, CH and AG all work in the way that an odd score will not give you any significant advantages compared to the even number below, e.g. AG 6 or 7 both give you 8 Action Points. Keep this in mind, but also keep in mind ways of increasing stats later; with an odd starting AG, the Gain Agility perk becomes an extra Action Boy, which it wouldn't otherwise.
As listed in the patch notes, the correct amount of extra HP per level is EN/2+2 (rounded down).
You can eat Mentats and recruit party members while your CH is high; you won't lose them when your CH returns to normal (except in the rare case of CH 1 and Lenny). Note however that this will only let you raise your CH by 2, which corresponds to one extra NPC (unless you use the save/load trick - see the Items section). Although there are other ways to improve your CH, in my opinion the best NPCs are the ones found early in the game anyway.
In v1.0, getting the car would effectively raise your maximum number of NPCs by one, so that under optimal conditions you could have six of them. The readme mentions this has been fixed for Goris, but actually all of them had the same problem and the same fix.
If you set IN lower than 4, your character will (usually) only be able to speak in grunts, unable to carry on any meaningful dialogue. Needless to say this will severely impair your ability to take on and solve quests, but you can use Mentats to help with that. (Note that you can also use Mentats "in reverse" during a normal game - take one or two and wait one hour for your stats to drop below normal - if you want to take advantage of an IN<4 feature. Psycho is even more effective.) For more details, see the Stupid section.
Traits 编辑
Recommended traits:
Small Frame: One more stat point and not "some Action Points" like the manual says. Carrying stuff is nice (mmm... stuff), but not crucial once you learn what to keep and what to stow away.
One Hander: Many of the best weapons in the game are two-handed, but it's good for HtH characters since the bonus applies for Unarmed-class weaponry, none of which is two-handed (your completely unaided punch and kick attacks are unaffected).
Finesse: Decent trade-off. Like the More Criticals perk this is made obsolete by the Sniper (with high LK) or Slayer perks, but Finesse will benefit you from the very start of the game.
Fast Shot: A personal favourite, because I like firing a pistol five or six times during a round. When you get Sniper, it rocks, and sticking to burst weapons makes the drawback irrelevant. Don't take this if you're a hard-core sniper though.
Gifted: The stat bonuses counteract the skill penalties (especially if you put a few extra points to IN), so this is universally regarded as the best trait. I don't use it myself because it almost feels like cheating, or at the very least it spoils the challenge of balancing your stats.
Geoffrey Bateman opines on Small Frame (which I originally rated as a poor trait): "You lose a little Carry Weight, but you'll get Sulik soon, and then maybe a couple more mules, then a car, and Power Armor... Small Frame makes the game a little tougher for a brief while, and in return you get a character point (which could be used for, say, an extra point of IN and 2 skill points per level)."
Fast Shot doesn't work with HtH attacks, but still removes your ability to make targeted blows (meaning it's actively bad for mêlée characters). This is a change from Fallout.
If you raise a stat with Bruiser, Small Frame or Gifted, you can redistribute the extra point(s) manually, so think of them as extra generic char points, although technically this is not so (which is reflected by the fact that you can't lower the raised stats below certain values, but that should never be a problem).
Paul Melin points out that if you were going to set IN to 10 anyway, the skill point loss from Gifted cannot be offset. Sure, but how many skill points can you find a use for anyway?
Potentially useful but not overly worthwhile traits:
Heavy Handed: Helpful early on, but downright awful late in the game when you'll actually do less damage than if you didn't have this trait.
Jinxed: Could be useful in a pure (and weird) HtH game. If you or your party members are using guns yourself you shouldn't want to randomize combat unless you're always worse at it than the critters you'll be fighting (in which case you may want to rethink your playing style entirely).
Good Natured: Effectively a skill point boost, since you gain more useful points (Doctor, Speech) than you lose useful ones (Small Guns or Melee Weapons), but marginal in the long run. Unmissable in a pure diplomat game, if you get around to playing one of those.
Sex Appeal: Admit it, you always wanted this.
Sex Appeal is mostly for female characters, since you'll be dealing with more men in the game world. Even so it won't be an important factor. If you have a low CH it will have a noticeable effect on bartering (almost all shopkeepers are male). It has no positive effect if your CH is 10, and no negative effect if your CH is 1.
Traits to avoid:
Fast Metabolism: Both effects are utterly marginal, so it's simply an utterly marginal trait.
Bruiser: Two more stat points, but you need the AP. That's like losing four points of Agility, which is ridiculous.
Kamikaze: Trade away protection for Sequence which matters only during the first combat round? No thanks.
Bloody Mess: Fun to begin with (for instance, start up a game and beat up Klint), but doesn't do anything in game terms, and gets tiresome. You'll see those animations anyway and it will feel more like a reward (!) without this trait.
Skilled: With a decent IN you'll be swimming in skill points. A horrible trait, avoid like the plague (unless you have IN 1 or something, though it beats me why you would).
Chem Reliant: The average time you spend being addicted won't change, so what's the big deal? Chem use is marginal anyway and most players will probably just reload if they get addicted.
Chem Resistant: Jet is the only chem with a short enough duration that the downside matters much, but even so it's little more than a convenience (you don't have to reload as often).
Jon Lynch makes an interesting argument: "The Skilled trait is not as bad as it seems. Every 12 levels, someone with this trait will fall exactly one perk behind. However, they will also have accumulated 60 more skill points in this time. Since most perks that add skill points tend to give 20-40 of them, you're getting approximately double the points and they can also be placed in any skill, whereas the perks allocate the points for you." Still, this assumes you were going to get a skill point perk, which usually isn't your greatest priority. At level 24 I'd much rather have two more perks than 120 extra skill points.
Skills 编辑
Recommended skills to tag:
Small Guns: Because you should be using this for your primary combat skill for most of the game.
Lockpick: Because there are many, many locked containers and doors and you'll want to open them with a minimum of fuss.
Speech: Because you want people to like you and be impressed with you and give you quests and generally do what you tell them to.
There simply isn't any other skill which comes close to the usefulness of these three, at least if you're playing the game my way. Tag them and bump them up to around 100% early on (except possibly Small Guns if you want more use out of those Guns and Bullets magazines), it will pay off. A mêlée character will want one of these instead of Small Guns:
Melee Weapons: Unless you make this your primary combat skill you never really have to use it. If you do, tag it and pump it to 100% as soon as possible.
Unarmed: This is used in a few quests, but you don't have to spend any skill points here since it can be raised for free to about 100% anyway. Unless you're going Unarmed all the way I'd wait till after that to make it my primary combat skill.
With that taken care of you can start raising your secondary skills:
Big Guns: Fun, but only used late in the game and so not worth a tag.
Energy Weapons: See Big Guns.
Doctor: You'll want this up to 75% eventually, but not worth a tag.
Traps: There aren't that many traps in the game, actually, and they're not likely to kill you. You could raise it to 60-70% for convenience, but feel free to ignore this skill altogether.
Science: Can be raised with books. You'll want at least 81% eventually, but don't use any points until you have to.
Skills you will use but need not spend points on:
First Aid: Does little that Doctor doesn't do better. Don't use any skill points on this, raise it with books.
Repair: Can be raised with books, so don't use points here.
Outdoorsman: Can be raised with books, although those are rare. Mostly good for avoiding annoying random encounters.
If you've been wondering what First Aid does do better than Doctor, it comes with a free +20% bonus to your skill check. And... that's pretty much it, I think.
Rather pointless skills:
Throwing: Rocks and grenades simply don't play a huge role in the world of Fallout 2.
Sneak: I'm sorry, but I don't see the point of sneaking past people when you can just blow them up instead (or maybe that's the point, you sneak up and plant dynamite? Unfortunately there's not enough dynamite to employ this tactic consistently).
Steal: Don't bother unless either you don't mind if everyone turns hostile on you, or you plan to save and reload a lot (which isn't my favoured playing style). If you really must steal something, you can usually do it with a low skill level (saving first, of course).
Barter: Early in the game there won't be a whole lot to buy. Later in the game you'll be swimming in money. Don't waste a single skill point here. Unless you raise the skill way above 100% your CH will have a greater impact on bartering anyway.
Gambling: See Barter.
Your amount of unspent skill points is capped at 99 when you level up. You can have more than 99 points stored (e.g. after getting a skill point perk), but only until you level up next time.
A "cheat": when buying a non-combat skill which is slightly above 100%, raise the difficulty to hard (assuming you usually play on normal). Your skill will drop below 100% so you only have to spend one skill point per skill level. Afterwards return the difficulty setting to normal or whatever. This also works when reading books; see the Items section for a note on this.
Similarly you can set the difficulty to easy to raise your skills temporarily for a specific action (again assuming you're playing on normal or hard).
Some players actually favour the Sneak skill as in some situations it will let you kill people without anyone noticing, which is useful in assassinations. It can also be useful for HtH characters to get as close to the enemy as possible before they open fire. It doesn't much help with stealing, though, as in almost every shop where the wares are kept in an onscreen container the script simply doesn't take sneaking into account.
I'll put a couple of Steal notes here, because they don't seem to fit anywhere else. You gain a bonus (or suffer a smaller penalty) stealing from the back or side of someone, but the Sneak skill does nothing. Item size (which is not the same as weight) is a factor unless you have the Pickpocket perk. Regardless of your skill level you can use Steal to see what humanoid critters are carrying, although you won't see items they're holding or items that they "produce" during the course of a quest.
If you manage to steal and/or plant an item two or more times in succession you gain an increasing amount of xp for each successful attempt: 10, 20, 30 and so on, meaning the total will be 10, 30, 60 and so on. However, the total amount will cap out at 300 minus your Steal level, and if you're caught you get none at all. Low-level thief characters can benefit from this by stealing "one coin at a time" from potential victims (or swapping an item back and forth). Personally I'd try to think of something more meaningful to do.
In some shops you can use Steal on the shopkeeper or a container to take stuff and/or money; in others you can't because the wares are kept in an offscreen container when you're not talking to the shopkeeper or because some scripting feature prevents it. In the latter case wares will appear on the body of the shopkeeper only if you kill them, and perhaps not even then.
Starseeker adds this on Steal: "I have found out that if you have low Lockpick skills, you can try to steal stuff from locked drawers or tables, but it may not always work for some reason. It won't work on lockers." Experimentation shows that it works on desks and workbenches, but not on lockers or footlockers.
You can plant items on people using Steal. The only use of this feature I know of, except giving equipment to your NPCs, is to arm an explosive, put it on someone, then whistle innocently and walk away a bit. But don't save your game before it goes off; it's been reported that this can corrupt your save slot completely!
A tip from Masklinn: "Some people don't show their weapons (sometimes other items, but mainly weapons) in the thieving interface but accept to barter them. Just enter the barter interface, put the weapon in the trading area, then go back and quit dialogue; quite a lot of people will have put the item where you can see it in the thieving interface and you can now steal it."
As a rule, it's not worth it to raise most skills above 101%. Combat skills can be improved beyond that for an extra edge until you reach the point where you get the maximum 95% chance to hit against all opponents and from any reasonable range (which takes a bit longer if you practice the art of aimed shots or blows). Unarmed is an exception if you make use of the HtH Evade perk, though at high levels you'll have to spend quite a lot of skill points for each point of AC. Science has a few uses above 101%; most are strictly marginal, but go for it if you don't have anything else to do with the points. Most often you can just try again if you fail a skill check, even in dialogue. Sneak, Steal and Outdoorsman might seem like exceptions since failure has more of an immediate effect in these cases, but your rate of success hardly rises linearly with skill level anyway; quite likely the chance of success for Steal and Sneak is capped at 95% even before modifiers are applied, just like Outdoorsman.
Perks 编辑
The three top perks, hands down:
Awareness: Extremely useful. This should be your first perk (which means you should always start with a minimum PE of 5).
Bonus Rate of Fire: In conjunction with Fast Shot this is so good.
Sniper: The sniper perk which will allow you to take on opponents like the Navarro and Enclave troops confidently.
In case you need to raise a stat with a perk in order to qualify for another perk, make sure you get this in time. Ideally you should have a good idea when you start playing which perks to take at which level. If you don't have the stats to meet the requirements of a perk you can in some cases use drugs to raise them temporarily and get the perk, but this does not work with perks that have a Luck requirement, for instance. Check out the chems in the Items section for details. Also remember you must spend each perk before earning a new one.
Some have asked me about Sniper and how it interacts with effects that modify your Critical Chance; specifically, the observation has been made that "Sniper and non-aimed" can produce less crits than "aimed and non-Sniper". Basically this is correct for values of Luck below 6. How I think Sniper works, and which is borne out by shooting the pariah dog a great number of times, is that it doesn't replace your usual crit chance but instead adds an independent possibility of a critical hit. If you have Luck 4 you'd normally get crits 4% of the time, with Sniper you'd increase that to 42% (40% from the perk plus 4% of the remaining cases). Using targeted shots to the eyes which increase the crit chance by 60%, you'd have a "normal" chance of 64%, going to 78% with Sniper. In the latter case you'd "only" be up 14% as compared to 38%, and expressed as a fraction of the original crit chance the difference in gain is much greater. Sniper would still add something, though, in this case roughly equivalent to three levels of More Criticals. Similarly, making aimed shots will improve your effective crit chance even if you have Sniper, though the benefit is smaller at high values of LK (12% at LK 8 and 6% at LK 9 for eye shots) and you might then be better served by the extra shot or two afforded by Fast Shot. By contrast, the benefit of More Criticals fades to insignificance even at moderate LK if you have Sniper. With Sniper and LK 10 you get crits all the time, but you can still get more damaging and/or debilitating ones by making aimed shots.
Recommended perks (number of ranks in parentheses):
Action Boy (2): Whether you need this, and if so how many levels, depends on your current Action Points and what weapons you plan to use. Try to get an even multiple of your weapon's AP cost (or a multiple plus reloading cost if ranged).
Better Criticals: Yummy.
Bonus HtH Attacks: Great for brawlers. (HtH just isn't as efficient as ranged combat.)
Bonus Move (2): A good early choice for HtH characters, and arguably pretty useful for anyone.
Gain Agility: Good if your new AG is an even number, which means an extra Action Point. Otherwise don't bother, it will only net you a few skill points.
Living Anatomy: Very good, 5 more damage per attack and Doctor points although you may not need them at this stage.
Quick Pockets: Actually this is a break early in the game when you find yourself needing Stimpaks or Healing Powder at times, and an overall convenience later on.
Slayer: The ultimate HtH perk (and unlike Sniper you don't need to make a LK roll).
Michal Burger puts in: "The Bonus Move perk is for an HtH character far superior to Action Boy/Girl, which you suggested, because your enemies tend to slide 2-8 hexes after you hit them so you almost always use up all of your 'move only' Action Points, even if you have two levels of this perk. Another advantage is that you can get Bonus Move at 6th level, compared to 12th for Action Boy. I can never find any good perks at the early levels, so I almost always go for Toughness and Bonus Move. And some extra move AP can be still useful even in ranged combat - for hiding behind obstacles." This argument was made for Fallout where the Super Sledge is the best mêlée weapon, but it has merit even without the knockback angle. Volcano adds: "I find Bonus Move has its uses in ranged combat, when using heavy burst weapons like miniguns or the Bozar. It allows you to get a clear field of fire so that you can target the enemy without blowing apart your NPCs. And it allows you to line up critters to ensure hitting more than one with each burst. Wiping out six floaters with three bursts from a Vindicator is a lot of fun."
Bonus Move is bugged so that if you save and load the game in combat, your extra movement AP will be available for use again, allowing you to move any distance in a single round.
Possibly useful but not crucial perks:
Dodger: Protection is good.
Explorer, Ranger, Scout: These all improve your chances of finding special encounters, which can be helpful if you have low LK and play on hard difficulty, but mostly for the fun value, so don't take them until the late game.
Gain Charisma: This is useful if your new CH is an even number, which means you can recruit another party member... if you want another party member.
Gain Intelligence: Unless you start out with IN 9 this is good, but not a top priority if you have IN 7-8 already, which you should.
Gain Luck: Good LK will help with special encounters (maybe) and criticals, so take this in the late game if you can't think of anything else. Great only if you have the Sniper perk.
Gain Perception: Improves your sniping and helps get the Sniper perk (but you can use chems for that). As you can see all the Gain Foo perks are rather situational.
HtH Evade: Strictly better than Dodger for Unarmed experts. Note that you can use unarmed weaponry such as the Power Fist with this perk, i.e. your weapon slots don't literally have to be empty (that perk description had me fooled).
Lifegiver (2): You can accumulate a lot of Hit Points with this one, but after level 12, do you need them? Probably not.
Magnetic Personality: For those situations where you have a lousy CH and want a large party anyway (without fooling around with chems). If your current CH is an odd number then Gain Charisma is strictly superior to this.
More Criticals (3): Groovy, but the catch here is that if you get Sniper (and have a good LK) or Slayer, this perk will be made largely redundant.
Mutate!: There's one way you can use this perk efficiently: exchanging Finesse for Fast Shot at level 27 after you get Sniper (or taking it as your level 21 perk just before reaching level 24). It then effectively becomes another Bonus Rate of Fire. Other than that, don't waste a perk changing traits in mid-game instead of choosing right to begin with.
Silent Death: Considering the six separate requirements for pulling this off, you'd think it'd do more than double damage!
Toughness (3): Protection is good (but spending char points on Endurance is not, so take Buffout if you want this). Would be more noteworthy if it affected all damage types. Note that you can eventually get to 80% DR through other means, and 90% is the maximum, so if you take more than one level of Toughness you risk not getting your money's worth.
Valiant Bastard notes: "When I choose the Gain Intelligence perk, the relevant skills go up to reflect that, but I don't gain any additional skill points when I move up a level."
It's been argued that HtH Evade and Jinxed makes for an effective combination... but hey, that's not really the most inspiring way to play this game, is it? Note that this perk was changed after the manual was printed; the in-game description is the correct one.
Although it's not clear from the description, Lifegiver gives you +4 Maximum HP when you take it; you could say it works retroactively for the level you just earned.
Frank Shannon is not alone when he says: "I'm a little surprised you rated Lifegiver so low." Well, if you take two levels of Lifegiver as quickly as you can and play to level 30, you will have 140 more HP, and it's true that this makes for a good safety margin, especially in an iron man game. However, by that time you'll have run around in heavy armour and with resistance bonuses for a good while and you seldom have to worry about being slain outright except by massive critical hits that bypass armour. Lifegiver could save you in such a moment - and so could Dodger, abstractly speaking. Meanwhile, offensive perks which add attacks, manoeuvrability or damage will be working for you constantly. I'd consider taking Lifegiver before I considered dumping more char points in Endurance, but I still find it limited in appeal.
If you have CH 8 or 9 and didn't get the Mirrored Shades and/or Blue Memory Module yet, you may want to skip Magnetic Personality since you can't normally have more than 5 party members anyway. This perk is available from level 6, not level 3 as the manual states.
If you have only one trait when you get the Mutate! perk, you must exchange that for the new one, i.e. you can't just fill the other slot and keep the old trait.
Krum Stanoev adds: "There's another fairly obvious way to modify your primary stats in-game with the Mutate! perk. You can start with an Agility of 6 and still get Sniper: you pick Finesse, then you pick Gain Agility to make it 7, then Mutate! to swap Finesse for Small Frame and get AG 8 for Sniper just before you make it to level 24." (Or you could take a dose of Psycho.)
One could make an argument such as this: "If you use Mutate! to change any mediocre trait to Gifted, you're basically getting seven Gain Foo perks at once. That's got to be the best perk ever." The problem with this is that it assumes you didn't get Gifted from the start even though you could have. The beauty of swapping Finesse and Fast Shot is that the benefit of Finesse and the drawback of Fast Shot disappear at the same time, namely when you get Sniper.
It's possible to score more than one double-damage hit with Silent Death in the first round of combat, assuming you can position yourself behind two or more enemies without leaving Sneak mode (which is difficult if you have to pass directly in front of them).
Perks I rather doubt the usefulness of:
Bonus HtH Damage (3): Should have been a lot more damage. Now you'll have to get all three levels to notice any difference. Note that this perk adds to the maximum damage - that's only one point on average for each perk slot!
Bonus Ranged Damage (2): Not enough of a bonus unless you're using a Minigun, Bozar or the like (although if you expect to score a lot of damage multiplication criticals it gets a little better).
Gain Strength: You shouldn't need this to get to ST 10.
Pack Rat, Strong Back (3): Carrying more stuff just can't be wrong ("Pack rat you is!"), but spending perks to do it is.
Pickpocket: Neat for thief characters, I suppose, but effectively a convenience perk unless you really never save before stealing.
Silent Running: If you must play a sneaking character I guess this takes a lot of frustration out of playing, but doesn't it spoil the atmosphere? Pure convenience.
Smooth Talker (3): Almost the equivalent of the Gain Intelligence perk, but not quite... Better to start off with a decent IN instead, no?
Tag!: Since it's a skill point perk, personally I wouldn't touch it, but used correctly it can give you rather a lot of points so I'm rating it higher than the rest.
Thief: Pretty much the same for this. Since it gives you 40 skill points and you can get it at level 3 this is one of the best skill perks. Not that these thief skills are crucial or anything.
Weapon Handling: Could be used to facilitate switching to Avenger Minigun or the like early in the game, but otherwise not needed unless your ST is way too low to begin with. Just spend some skill points to compensate.
You can play a little trick with the Tag! perk. When you use it to tag a skill, it will raise the skill level by the same amount you already raised the skill, including bonuses gained during play (but not the initial 20% bonus). The trick is that before leaving the character screen you can lower the skill to its previous level (gaining even more skill points if the skill went above 101%), and then spend the points elsewhere. Effectively this perk can give you an amount of generic skill points at least equal to the highest amount you've gained in a non-tagged skill, and potentially much more, which makes it far superior to every other skill point perk. Although a favourite of some players, personally I think it's no big deal, since I don't care much for skill points late in the game anyway. As pointed out by Volcano, the game keeps track of the skill level if it goes above 300%, so if you tag a skill at 299% you'll get several hundred points out of it - but if you tag a skill at 300%, you can't lower it at all!
When you pick a skill point perk (other than Tag!) you can redistribute points only to the extent that you have previously raised that skill by investing skill points, reading books or getting one-shot bonuses. Survivalist is probably the most likely candidate of the bunch, but it's still much inferior to Tag! for the purpose. Also note that skill point perks raise skills by a fixed amount, no matter if they are tagged (in which case you lose) or higher than 101% (in which case you profit). This redistribution trick also works on a smaller scale when you buy a perk that raises a stat.
Useless perks which should only be chosen if you have no other options (or really want to):
Adrenaline Rush: Gain an infinitesimal bonus, but first you'll have to be dying? Let me think.
Cautious Nature: Pointless for anyone but the most cowardly diplomats who can't think of anything else.
Comprehension: What's the use if it doesn't raise the maximum skill level which can be reached using books? See Educated etc.
Cult of Personality, Karma Beacon: These perks have no effect in the game. That's right, they do nothing. Take Adrenaline Rush or Light Step if you want a better perk than these two.
Demolition Expert: So extremely marginal.
Earlier Sequence (3): Not worth it.
Educated (3), Gambler, Harmless, Master Thief, Medic, Mr. Fixit, Negotiator, Salesman, Speaker, Survivalist: All these perks give you nothing but skill points. You don't need more skill points. You need the cool perks listed in the sections above this one.
Empathy: It seems like a great idea in theory, but this game simply isn't about choosing the dialogue options that keep other people happy.
Faster Healing (3), Healer (2): Healing rate is never an issue.
Fortune Finder, Master Trader: Money is not an issue. Fortune Finder is just awful; Master Trader isn't actively bad, just strictly unnecessary.
Gain Endurance: Endurance is simply not important, and this does nothing if your EN is an even number. Lifegiver is tons better for HP.
Ghost: Like a skill point perk only you don't get the skill points!
Heave Ho!: Strictly for grenade chums, and exceptionally marginal even so.
Here and Now, Swift Learner (3): These two help you gain levels. What's the primary purpose of gaining levels? To get perks. So why use perks to gain more levels? If you want HP and/or skill points there are much better choices anyway.
Kama Sutra Master: Doesn't really do anything that Sex Appeal, Sexpert and/or good physical stats don't. A sex perk is bound to be utterly marginal.
Presence (3): Don't bother. Extremely few critters treat you differently depending on reaction, and this perk isn't likely to be the factor that tips the scales in your favour.
Light Step: Not enough traps to make this remotely worthwhile. Not even if it said "never" instead of "less likely".
Mysterious Stranger: Utterly useless.
Night Vision: Situational, and doesn't do much. Increase your weapon skill instead or pick Sharpshooter.
Pathfinder (2): Time is not an issue in Fallout 2.
Pyromaniac: Too marginal. Should have been a lot more damage to have been any fun. Also note that the (Improved) Flamer is the only weapon that does fire damage (Molotov Cocktails do not, even though they have the "dancing death by fire" animation, and Flame Breaths don't count).
Quick Recovery, Stonewall: Both mind-numbingly marginal.
Rad Resistance (2), Snakeater (2): Poison and radiation aren't common enough, or difficult enough to handle, to necessitate these small bonuses.
Sharpshooter: Effectively just a minimal skill increase for all ranged attacks. Increase your preferred weapon skill instead and use the perk for something special.
Kanhef explains Heave Ho!: "A character's maximum range for throwing weapons is ST*3. Someone with a Strength of 2 can throw things up to 6 hexes away. Taking Heave Ho! gives them an effective ST of 4, for a range of 12. However, the maximum throwing range is 8 for spears, and 15 for grenades. So raising Strength above 5 doesn't increase range at all. Characters with a Strength of 1 would benefit from this perk; it's completely useless with a Strength over 4." Throwing Knives have a maximum range of 16 hexes, but taking a perk to increase your ST 5 character's range with that particular weapon by 1 hex would seem to fall within the definition of "completely useless".
Both Heave Ho! and Survivalist have only one rank instead of three like the manual says. Several other perks were changed (for example, all skill point perks), but their proper descriptions are in the game.
Here and Now gives you exactly the amount of xp needed to reach the next level; ideally it should be taken at a high level and after earning just enough xp to reach your current level. Well, ideally it should not be taken, but you know what I mean. You need to exit and re-enter the character screen to get the skill points and the new perk, if any. Volcano adds: "If you take Here and Now as your perk at Level 99, your accumulated xp total becomes 0. There doesn't seem to be any other effect." Taking it at level 97 gets you to level 99 (see note in the Area walkthrough introduction). This perk is available on level 3 instead of level 9 as the manual says; this is actually not a bug, but was omitted from the final patch readme.
In v1.0 when you took Here and Now you gained an amount of xp equal to the total amount needed to reach your current level; starting at level 6 you would gain more than one level as a result, with the number of levels gained increasing with your current level. For instance, if you took the perk just after reaching level 19, you would double your total experience to 342,000 and rise to level 26. Of course, you would only be able to pick one perk afterwards. Juan adds: "When I pressed cancel and left the character screen, I saw that the text screen said 'You have gone up a level' 10 times, and my NPCs had levelled up... but they didn't lose their levels! So I tried picking and cancelling Here and Now again, and yes, my party members went gaining levels, over and over, until they reached their max level (and I still had the perk available)." With the patch NPCs will not have a chance of levelling up in this case.
Light Step is one of those mind-bogglingly stupid perks. Not only is the ability to avoid pressure plates decidedly minor, and not only does Light Step require you to pass a difficult AG check for each mine to do so, but they didn't even care to set this up for every floor trap in the game. In fact, the only places where Light Step is used are Redding and outside (but not inside) the SAD.
Contrary to what the manual says, the Master Trader perk doesn't make your own stuff more valuable, but gives you a discount on the value of goods you barter for (the Fallout manual has it right). The effective discount varies somewhat between shops: 20%, 25% and 50% have all been noted (probably because barter modifiers are applied cumulatively and not sequentially).
The Pathfinder perk appears to be slightly bugged: the first level will cut 20% of travelling time (not 25%), while the second level doesn't seem to do anything at all. In Fallout the perk worked as it should.
Sharpshooter is bugged and doesn't really do what the manual says; it's supposed to raise PE by 2 for sniping purposes, yet often improves your chance to hit less, and never more, than increasing PE by 1. Michal Burger figured out that this is because the perk thinks range modifiers are calculated based on PE when it's in fact PE*2, and so increases your chance to hit only half as much as it should. At least it gives you a bonus even if your PE is at 10 already.
Swift Learner decisively wins the struggle for the title of most deceptively lousy perk. It may certainly seem like a good investment when you first look at it, but since the xp requirement for each new level rises linearly, even if you get all three slots of Swift Learner you only ever stay a few levels ahead of someone who doesn't ruin their early game wasting invaluable perks. For starters, you have to wait until level 17 before you're even one whole level ahead of the "slow" learner, and if you eventually get to level 30, which should not be until the game is over anyway, you'll still be only two levels ahead. So, that adds up eventually to a few HP and skill points, for three perks... Simply put, do not choose this perk even if it threatens you with a radiated stick.
There are a few implemented perks which you cannot gain, namely Animal Friend, Flower Child, Mental Block and Scrounger. They were in the original Fallout. Rumours that you can get some or all of them in Fallout 2 are completely unsubstantiated, and only Flower Child has any effect should you add it using a character editor.
Suggested characters 编辑
First of all, none of that "theme character" nonsense, like tagging Science and Repair and choosing "tech perks" like Educated and Mr. Fixit, or tagging Sneak and Steal and then choosing "ninja perks" like Ghost, Pickpocket and Silent Death, or even tagging Speech and Barter and picking "diplomat perks" such as Presence, Empathy and Cult of Personality. Well, of course you could do that (and probably even finish the game), but in that case it'd be pointless for me to tell you what to do. Also I don't think you could squeeze as much out of the game as you could with a generalist. For one thing, those options will be more or less available to you anyway by the time you need them. For another thing, there are very few advantages (either minmaxing-wise or role-playing-wise) to be gained from being an "expert scientist" or "expert sneaker". Really. Wonderfully flexible as the SPECIAL system is, some characters are bigger than others.
What you really need is good IN (for dialogue and skill points), good Speech, and at least one way to deliver damage efficiently. You then basically have a choice between ranged or close combat because the perk progressions are different, and another choice between going solo or gathering followers. Or you can be stupid, which is the same as, well, pitting the odds against yourself.
The "developed" stats given below assume the following:
ST +5 (Advanced Power Armor, memory module)
PE +1 (memory module)
IN +1 (memory module)
LK +2 (NCR zeta scan)
Also they include Gain Foo perks if listed in the perk progressions. By default CH remains unchanged since the +2 bonus (Mirrored Shades, memory module) is countered by the enhanced combat implants.
Team gunfighter: A bright and sociable character who can bring three friends along. You can take on all quests and pack some punch.
Initial stats: ST 5, PE 6, EN 4, CH 6, IN 7, AG 7, LK 6.
Developed stats: ST 10, PE 7, EN 4, CH 6, IN 8, AG 8, LK 8.
Traits: Small Frame, Fast Shot.
Tag skills: Small Guns, Lockpick, Speech.
Perk progression: Level 3 Awareness, level 6 Quick Pockets, level 9 Better Criticals, level 12 Living Anatomy, level 15 Bonus Rate of Fire, level 18 Gain Agility, level 21 Action Boy, level 24 Sniper.
Comments: Pick up Sulik, Vic and Cassidy for a posse of gunslingers. Later in the game you can switch to Big Guns (goes well with Fast Shot), perhaps in conjunction with pulse and/or gauss weapons. You need a Jet or Mentats for Sniper. Whether you should pick Living Anatomy or go for more AP is situational.
Gifted gunfighter: A boosted version of the above.
Initial stats: ST 5, PE 7, EN 4, CH 6, IN 7, AG 10, LK 8.
Developed stats: ST 10, PE 8, EN 4, CH 6, IN 8, AG 10, LK 10.
Traits: Fast Shot, Gifted.
Perk progression: Level 3 Awareness, level 6 Quick Pockets, level 9 Better Criticals, level 12 Living Anatomy, level 15 Bonus Rate of Fire, level 18 Action Boy, level 21 Action Boy, level 24 Sniper.
Comments: See Team gunfighter. Basically you're a deadly gunman (or -woman) who can also pick up a few NPCs.
Solo sniper: A character that can do almost everything in the game and mostly relies on ranged (and deadly) sniping to conquer the enemy. A bit harder to play early in the game.
Traits: Small Frame, Finesse.
Comments: Build Small Guns to 150% and kill everything that moves with the Scoped Hunting Rifle/Sniper Rifle/Gauss Rifle. Don't get the enhanced combat implants until you've temporarily recruited the NPCs you can get xp and other bonuses from (such as Myron's antidote quest). You can do the Mutate! thing at level 27 to get Fast Shot if you like, but you'll be pretty deadly anyway with 12 AP and a Gauss Pistol.
Team brawler: A character devoted to Unarmed and Melee Weapons.
Developed stats: ST 10, PE 7, EN 4, CH 6, IN 8, AG 10, LK 6.
Traits: Small Frame, One Hander.
Tag skills: Melee Weapons, Lockpick, Speech.
Perk progression: Level 3 Awareness, level 6 Bonus Move, level 9 Better Criticals, level 12 Living Anatomy, level 15 Bonus HtH Attacks, level 18 Gain Agility, level 21 Action Boy, level 24 Slayer.
Comments: Pick up Sulik and Cassidy. CH 6 is mostly for quest purposes; theoretically you could recruit Marcus or Goris, but I actually wouldn't. You need a quick trip to NCR around level 9 to meet the LK requirement of Better Criticals. You can move two points of CH to LK if you want, but LK ultimately isn't as important for an HtH character. The reason I choose Melee Weapons over Unarmed from the start is that it's a little better in the beginning, and there are many ways of raising Unarmed for free during the game, so that it's very easy to make the switch when the time comes.
Solo brawler: Same as above but with less CH. Not really an improvement, though, since you lose some quest features and mostly boost Luck in return (theoretically you could boost EN instead, but I just wouldn't bother).
Perk progression: Level 3 Awareness, level 6 Bonus Move, level 9 Better Criticals, level 12 Living Anatomy, level 15 Bonus HtH Attacks, level 18 Action Boy, level 21 Action Boy, level 24 Slayer.
Comments: See Solo sniper (but exchange the Super Sledge or Mega Power Fist for the Gauss Rifle, and you don't do the Mutate! thing).
Stupid: The workings of the stupid game is detailed in the Stupid section. I wouldn't recommend playing a stupid HtH character, it's rather hard enough as it is.
Developed stats: ST 10, PE 10, EN 4, CH 3, IN 3, AG 10, LK 10.
Traits: Finesse, Fast Shot.
Tag skills: Small Guns, Doctor, Lockpick.
Comments: You can substitute anything you like for Fast Shot and/or Doctor. You need 2 Mentats for Bonus Rate of Fire. You don't get the combat implants, and of course you can't get any IN rise if you want to remain true to the stupid theme. You'll probably have to fight a lot of random encounters if you want Sniper before heading off to the Enclave, because of the dearth of quest xp.
Special perks 编辑
A quick list of special perks that can be gained, detailed further in the walkthrough:
Alcohol Lowered hit points: Gained in the Parlor Room in Vault City.
Alcohol Lowered hit points II: Ditto.
Alcohol Raised hit points: Ditto.
Alcohol Raised hit points II: Ditto.
Autodoc Lowered hit points: Gained from Dr Andrew in Vault City.
Autodoc Raised hit points: Gained from Dr Andrew in Vault City.
Expert Excrement Expeditor: Gained from shovelling crap in Broken Hills.
Gecko Skinning: Gained from Smiley in Klamath.
Dermal Impact Armor: You can get this from doctors in Vault City, Redding or San Francisco once you learn about implants in Vault City.
Dermal Impact Asslt. Enhance.: See Dermal Impact Armour.
Phoenix Armor Implants: See Dermal Impact Armour.
Phoenix Assault Enhancement: See Dermal Impact Armour.
Vault City Inoculations: Gained from Dr Troy in Vault City.
Vault City Training: Gained from Dr Troy in Vault City.
Jinxed: The pariah dog will bestow this doubtful perk upon you.
Reputations 编辑
During the game you will accumulate characteristics which are neither perks nor traits, but presented alongside them. They're often called "karmic traits", or even "perks", but the manual calls them "special reputations". They don't affect your stats (other than Prizefighter, which could just as well have been a special perk), only how people in the game world react to you.
Berserker: Kill significantly more good people than bad people. Great pic!
Champion: Kill significantly more bad people than good people and don't be a Childkiller.
Childkiller: Kill a child for any reason, even by accident.
Gigolo: Have sex a lot (or just once, providing you're extremely good at it). (For a woman, this should actually read "Gigole".)
Grave Digger: Dig up a grave other than Anna's, the fallout shelter in Golgotha, or the buried ghoul in Golgotha.
Made Man: Join a family in New Reno.
Married: Marry Miria or Davin in Modoc.
Porn Star: If you shoot a movie at the Golden Globes.
Prizefighter: Win the boxing title in New Reno.
Separated: Have your spouse killed or sold into slavery, or get divorced in New Reno.
Sexpert: Have sex ten times.
奴隶主: Join Metzger's guild in the Den.
The people of the Fallout world seem to adopt an "Einmal ist Keinmal" philosophy when it comes to childkilling. This means that even though you get the Childkiller label on your character sheet for killing one child, scripts always check to see if you've killed two kids or more (including the bounty hunters on the world map). I won't spell this out every time, though, so in the walkthrough, "Childkiller" should be read as "having killed two children or more".
If any of your NPCs kills a child you don't get the Childkiller reputation.
There are a few kids who increase your child kill count twice because of a script redundancy (and thus instantly make you a "real" Childkiller): these are Jonny in Modoc, the Slag kids, and Curtis in Vault City.
Your actual karma level will be described using the karmic titles, from "most good" to "most evil": Savior of the Damned, Guardian of the Wastes, Shield of Hope, Defender, Wanderer, Betrayer, Sword of Despair, Scourge of the Wastes and Demon Spawn. Each 250 karma in either direction from 0 will earn you a new title. I find that being a shameless opportunist will net you high positive karma in the end - which could mean that the designers have strange notions about morality, but more likely just reflects the fact that there are more good things to do in the game than bad ones.
Reputation in specific towns are reflected by the standings: Idolized, Liked, Accepted, Neutral, Antipathy, Hated and Vilified. Like your karma level this is a representation of a numeric value, only this one is hidden. You always start out as Neutral when you come to a place, except Klamath where you're Accepted if your CH is 6 or more, and Vault City where you start out with Antipathy. In Arroyo, of course, you're Idolized. Sadly it's not possible to reach Idolized in all settlements if that's your aim. At the Ghost Farm, for instance, you can't advance beyond Neutral even after saving all their sorry asses.
It should be noted that karma and reputations all have a much smaller general impact on the game than one might think. They make a difference in the case of critters that look directly for certain reputations or threshold values of karma or town reputation, but the basic reaction system that factors in everything at once is hardly used at all and doesn't even work properly. It won't really make any difference whether you have 500 karma or 1500.
Radiation 编辑
And now for some stuff on radiation, which does play a small part in the Fallout world. Sources of radiation include Fruit, golden geckos, and aliens and centaurs in random encounters. Whenever you get a huge dose all at once, the message window says "You have received a large dose of radiation." As explained in the patch notes, the radiation sign pops up once you've reached 66 rem.
As far as I can tell radiation damage works like this: some time after you absorb a dose of radiation, you'll get one of the messages listed below, and you may temporarily lose stat points, Healing Rate and current Hit Points. The severity of the "attack" depends on your total rem count, but also on the amount of recent radiation that triggered the message. After 7 days, your stats will return to normal. A little confusingly, this is signalled by another message identical to the first one. If you absorb more radiation in the meanwhile, your current penalty may be replaced by a more severe one.
Here's a list of the penalties you may suffer. The rem figures are rough approximations.
>0 "very nauseous"
>150 "slightly fatigued" -1
>300 "vomiting does not stop" -3 -1 -1
>450 "hair is falling out" -5 -5 -2 -1 -2
>600 "skin is falling off" -10 -15 -4 -3 -3 -3 -1 -5
>1000 "intense agony" -10 -20 -6 -5 -5 -5 -3 -6
You will expire from your condition if any of these stats except for Healing Rate (including CH) drops to 0 or below. This is checked only at the moment when they are lowered, so you may be able to use drugs to stay alive. Assuming you don't die in this manner, you can live with any kind of rem count and still run around with no penalty whatsoever. In any normal game, radiation is not a significant factor; in fact, in order to reach even 300 rem you'd have to run several laps around the Gecko reactor room or purposely hang around the Toxic waste dump. From what I can tell, there is never any permanent damage resulting from radiation.
Area walkthrough 编辑
“ Do I look like a cartographer? You want to scour the desert for them, you go right ahead. ”
Each area walkthrough follows roughly the same pattern: first a general run-down of important people to talk to and things to do that aren't technically quests, then a numbered list of quests just as they're presented in your Pipboy (including typos!). Solutions to some quests are spread across several areas. This is not strictly a walkthrough in the "do this, then do that" sense, but there's enough information and general advice that you should be able to figure out how to do stuff, and have more fun in the process.
Locations on the world map are marked with circles in three sizes. The ones with a large green circle (town-size) can always be found even if you don't know it's there beforehand, while the other two (cave-, farm- or base-size) generally don't appear until someone's revealed their location to you. There are two exceptions: Vault 15 and the Raiders location are medium-sized but are there from the start anyway (see the Raiders section for some speculation on this anomaly). Also note that the Military Base is counter-intuitively city-sized. The difference between small and medium locations are that the small ones don't have town maps.
It should be noted that not all dialogue options described in this walkthrough will be available to a character with middling ability or skill scores (typically IN or Speech). As a rule of thumb, "smart" dialogue options require IN 6 or 7, while "supersmart" ones take IN 8 or 9. (There are a few IN 10 lines in the game, but all of them are inconsequential - Karl, Laddie and Gregory have them. Karl's is even a typo in the script.) You can always try chewing Mentats if you have them.
There are ugly tricks you can play early in the game if you know where to find certain locations and items, such as going to San Francisco from Arroyo, then to Navarro and get the Advanced Power Armor, Pulse Rifle and about 25,000 xp right away. This pretty much spoils the entire game for me, so I'll just do this in the order I usually go places.
The game will end after 13 years of game time (which would correspond to 25 Jul 2254). This event will be marked by a slightly animated screen saying "the end". Even if you play a "go everywhere, do everything" kind of game, you should only use up 3-4 years at the most, and even if you want to walk around the wasteland levelling up endlessly from mindless random encounters, you should be fed up before 13 years have elapsed.
Speaking of levelling up endlessly, you cannot advance beyond level 99. (Oddly, when you reach the 4,753,000 xp needed for level 98 you gain two levels at once, skipping to level 99.) This should not really be a problem, either. In Fallout the limit was 21...
At any time when you get to choose your destination on a town map, you can press a number on your keyboard instead of clicking a green triangle. This way you end up on a location in that town corresponding to the number you pressed, even if you didn't have access to that area previously. This can be used in various ways for convenience or cheating (Alex del Río notes you can enter the Gecko power plant after blowing it up by pressing 2 on the town map and getting another 2500 xp when you get out of there), but needless to say it could interact weirdly with quests and dialogues, and you can even end up getting stuck inside walls, so don't do it in a serious game unless you know exactly what you're doing.
Another general cheat/bug... pressing 0 (zero) in any conversation will instantly end it. For instance, if someone says they're going to kill you, and you press 0, they may not turn hostile, or if you end up in a dialogue thread which leads only to an undesirable end, you can abort it entirely. (E.g. you could get out of fighting Darion in Vault 15 and then kill him with Super Stimpaks, if for some reason you don't feel like fighting his gang.) Using this "trick" may prompt unexpected dialogue and cause quests to reset or abort - you have been warned.
Sean Meskill discovered a way to rest anywhere: "When you have enough status entries (names of locations) that they start to physically appear in the space where the alarm clock entries appear, then you can do the trick. Go someplace where you cannot rest. Enter the Pipboy. Press status. Press the alarm clock, then after it says you cannot rest here click a status item that physically corresponds to an alarm clock item. It will then switch to the rest menu, with the rest option that is in the same place as whatever status item you pressed being used. Usually you can't rest very long doing this, but you can do it as many times as you want. Very useful." Once the rest options appear, you have to click in between them. You need quest entries for at least four locations to be able to access the "Rest for ten minutes" option, and you can never access "Rest until party is healed".
Michal Zalewski found another exploit: "If you are at the brink of an impossible to win encounter, and have no other options (say, you are on the second floor of one of New Reno casinos and have a lot of hostile guards below and only one exit), you can save your game, go to the main screen, hit Ctrl-R and load an arbitrary map, then load your game, walk past the combatants (they will not notice your proximity) and reach safety, save again, hit Ctrl-R and load the last save in the normal mode. Although it is cheating, it is sometimes a better option than replaying several hours of the game. If you feel particularly naughty, you can plant explosives near critters or kill them with Super Stimpaks. This also works if you want to avoid certain scripts. The method won't work if you have already entered combat mode. As a side note, there are some funny consequences to entering the combat mode while in Ctrl-R - most notably, it is possible to get killed, then walk away with negative HP. Quite unfortunately, you will still remain flagged as dead, so if you save the game and then load it in normal mode, the game will immediately end even if your HP is positive. The game may get mangled in Ctrl-R mode on some occasions (it is possible to crash it, or be stuck in endless combat mode), but it seems to be a rare glitch; once you get past Ctrl-R and load the save, there are no side effects as far as I could tell." Some scripts will still be active in Ctrl-R mode, e.g. a guard may prevent you from opening a door even if he won't attack. Experiment at your own risk...
Temple of Trials 编辑
“ It's a peaceful village. Except for the plants possessed by evil spirits... and of course, the temple of trials filled with those deadly spear traps and the man-eating giant ants. ”
After a cutscene with the village Elder you start outside the entrance to the temple, proudly owning a Spear. Don't attack your tribesmate, there's nothing to be gained and you'll regret it very much later on. Enter the temple and you find yourself in a hallway. Kill the ants and press forward, exploring the side rooms and corridors. Open the second door using whatever puny Lockpick skill you may have. Kill everything (good xp at this point), loot the chests, pots and bones. Might as well bring as many Scorpion Tails as you can carry, too.
In the temple you might as well get into the habit of saving a lot. You may not need it, but it doesn't hurt. Save before taking on a bunch of scorpions. Save before disarming a set of traps. Save before setting the explosives or talking to Cameron. Save before taking the hidden elevator to the secret stash of energy weapons. Kidding.
There's a helpful close combat trick you should be using throughout the temple, and whenever it's necessary. Attack your foe just once, then use your remaining AP to run away. They'll follow you, but may not have enough AP to strike back, which will simplify things. You can even run them around in circles if they refuse to die quickly. Masklinn adds: "Actually, the Temple of Trials mobs (ants and scorpions) can only walk 2 hexes and still be able to hit you. All you have to do is run 3 hexes away from them and you're safe. This means that a character with 9 AP can land two punches before you have to run, 10 AP granting you one Spear attack and one punch, or one kick and one punch. So basically a character at or above Agility 8 will do the temple a tad faster and easier."
There's no point to using targeted blows in Temple of Trials or just afterwards, since critical hits are disabled for the first day of game time. Critical failures are disabled for the first five days.
From now on I won't comment on this unless there are noteworthy items to pick up, but you should search all the bookcases, shelves, bookshelves, dressers, desks, lockers, chests, footlockers, fridges, ice chests, bones, pots, tables, stuff, workbenches, tool boards, wall safes, floor safes, ammo crates, poor boxes, pool tables, mining machines, iguana stands, boxes, crates and other searchable containers as you progress through the game. After a while you learn to recognize searchable objects on sight. Hard-core gamers will search all of them and take everything. :) There are a few deplorable areas though which abound with empty containers, notably Broken Hills and San Francisco.
In this game items on the ground or in corpses do not decay, so you can return and pick them up later on unless they're on a map you can't return to (which will, eventually, be true for all of Arroyo and the Temple of Trials). However, to pick up an item you must be able to click on it, so if a dropped item or a corpse is completely hidden by opaque scenery then it will be lost!
On the second map your character will probably start spotting floor traps. If he or she doesn't, you can walk to and fro to make it happen, unless you have a woefully low PE. Should you have the patience, disarm the traps for 25 xp each. If you're reckless and set off a trap, you can pick up the Sharpened Pole which nearly lodged in your chest (or maybe did). To avoid the traps altogether, keep to the right-hand wall. At one point you're required to set an explosive charge (found in a tall pot nearby) in front of a door, which shouldn't be too difficult. Beware of the trap on the doorstep.
"You see a raised plate" is the game's universal message that your character has spotted a floor trap, so pay attention and learn to identify them. Floor traps seldom appear alone. (Apparently, even in hi-tech military installations devilishly inconspicuous pressure plates are used to trigger traps. You'd have thought they could use, I don't know, motion or IR sensors instead.) If you fail critically while disarming a floor trap it will say that you accidentally set off the trap; this is not strictly true, as the trap often does not go off, but you can't attempt to disarm it again.
You can set the timer on the explosives in your inventory and then drop it, or another way is to put it in an active item slot, leave the inventory window and use it from there; you'll then drop it automatically. Even with a puny Traps skill you can set the timer to the minimum of 10 seconds and run clear before the bomb goes off, whether you get the "explosive detonates prematurely" message or not.
You can open a lot of doors and forcefields in the game using explosives, grenades or rockets, and also unlock containers, but you shouldn't make a habit out of it. Some weak doors can be kicked in or smashed with any weapon, but those are never locked anyway. Normal doors can only be destroyed by explosive damage, so Bozar blasts and Super Sledge wallops are out. Sturdy doors need three blasts to destroy them, so I wouldn't bother, and many hi-tech doors can be expected to resist this kind of assault indefinitely. On some maps you can use a Crowbar from inventory to unlock containers even with a modest ST, but on others it won't work.
At the entrance to the inner sanctum you find Cameron, who represents your final test. There are three ways to get past him:
Fight him unarmed after a conversation (and without access to your Healing Powder) for 300 xp.
Steal his key and unlock the door behind his back for 600 xp.
Talk him out of fighting (IN 4 required and Speech must be tagged) for 600 xp.
Beware that even though he says it's not a battle to the death, it is - for you! He'll happily strike a killing blow even if you're at one Hit Point; you, on the other hand, have to beat 20 HP out of him at which point he'll end the fight. In the unlikely case that you happen to kill him you'll have to take the key and unlock the door (still 300 xp), but the villagers won't hold you accountable. If you fight him, afterwards you'll have to go back to the previous room where your belongings have been stashed in a chest. Then go to the exit grid at the top. Cutscene alert!
Warlord notes: "You can trick the Temple of Trials final trial nicely, if you drop the Spear before talking. You just have to watch out, because if you drop it too close to the man, he'll pick it up in his first round and whack you up pretty good." You could even drop a Sharpened Pole for him to pick up; he'll do a little more damage with it, but he should hit a little less often, and he gets two attacks with it each turn instead of three.
Players often get sick of the temple after starting too many games that didn't progress very far beyond it. Actually it won't affect your game in any serious way if you just run as quickly as you can to each exit. You'll probably have to fight six or seven ants along the way, but that's it. As long as you don't have to fight Cameron the whole thing should be over in a couple of minutes. Personally I think the Temple of Trials is as much a part of the game as any other stage - and also serves to demonstrate the extreme range of playing experiences the game engine has to offer.
Arroyo 编辑
“ "I wonder how my cousins in Arroyo are doing? I hope they're flourishing."
"Of course they are! Unless some rat-bastard slaughters them all." ”
—Seymour and Typhon
It seems you're the only one around with a fashion sense, and now you have access to the Pipboy as well. First off go talk to the Elder to get your quests proper, Vic's Water Flask and some cash ($152 to be precise, but you don't get it if your Intelligence is below 4). Klamath will already be on the world map.
As good an opportunity as any to practice being polite. Like I said in the introduction, I'm assuming you want to do as much as possible of what's available to you, and this means you really won't be able to role-play either an inherently noble character or a terminally sarcastic one. The former because there are several quests where you'll get your best result doing something "bad" to begin with, then following up with something good, as well as other borderline or outright evil quests which are simply too neat to pass up. The latter because it's a well-known fact that in computer RPGs which let you play an "evil" or grouchy character, you'll ultimately be punished for doing so because if you tell everyone you meet how ugly they are, they won't give you quests or bonuses. Such is life. You can always pretend you're role-playing a psychopath who acts nice outwardly because he knows it will suit his purposes, while all the time thinking of new ways to strangle people with their own intestines.
If you attacked Klint or Cameron in the Temple of Trials section, everyone will be hostile when you arrive here. You can run to the exit of the village before they can kill you, but then the game will end. The game will also come to a stop if you manage to end combat (for instance by running to the hunting grounds) and rest until midnight. Same thing happens should you ever attack anyone in Arroyo (or even off them with Super Stimpaks), so don't.
Using the Steal skill on any of the unarmed wandering villagers and passing a Steal check will lower your karma even if you don't take anything (they have nothing to take). This can mess up your dealings with Hakunin, so watch out.
On special dates your Pipboy will say things like "Happy New Year!" and "Happy Valentine's Day!". Ain't that cute. It also has its own screen saver which shows falling bombs.
The nutty old shaman Hakunin will heal you to full HP and remove poison for free at any time, providing your karma is not negative. Talk to the not-so-bright Feargus by the well, then fix it (Repair) for 100 xp. This can be done no matter how low your Repair skill. Everyone else includes this in their walkthrough so I guess I should too: there's $100 in aunt Morlis' hut which you should go and grab even if you're not going to search all the containers around you... but you are, right?
Ever wondered why there is at least one Feargus or similarly named character in each of Fallout 2, Baldur's Gate, Baldur's Gate II, Planescape: Torment and Icewind Dale? It might have something to do with Black Isle director Feargus MacRae Urquhart; there are close to a dozen names in these games derived from his (including Cassidy's original name, which shows up if you sell him to Metzger). Names of other developers abound, but none of them sticks out as much. "Smitty" is another ubiquitous cognomen - there are four of those in the two Fallout games, and there might well have been a fifth...
If you have AG 6, talk to Lucas by the stone head and he'll train you to Unarmed 40% if your current skill level is lower than that, else to 55% if you aren't this good already (a good reason not to tag that skill). He has a bag of Healing Powder, so take it and leave him with a few useless Scorpion Tails instead, since you probably can't carry them all into the desert anyway. If you want to barter, do it before the training. Talk to Jordan in the tent northeast of there for +10% to your Melee Weapons if your current skill level is 36% or higher (if you don't meet the requirement you can return later in the game and get the training). Cameron at the top of the map will give you +10% Unarmed and +10% Melee Weapons, but only if your AG is 6 or less and you tagged none of the six combat skills (if you're proficient with Big Guns he apparently thinks you're ready to face the horrors of the wasteland). Depending on your starting skill you might want to get Lucas' bonus first. In case you forgot your stuff in the temple, or you have a craving to bash some helpless left-over scorpions, you can re-enter the temple by taking the northern exit grid to the front entrance or by entering the cave beside Cameron.
Skill rises received from training or other activities can be affected by whether or not you've tagged the skill in question and/or whether it's above 101%. Thus values given in the guide may not always exactly correspond to what you actually end up with.
Because of a bug you need to get Cameron's training before talking to Hakunin at all.
During the game you'll see four Hakunin dream sequences, which will befall you on 23 Oct 2241, 21 Jan 2242, 21 Apr 2242 and 20 Jul 2242. When you leave Vault 13 after getting the xp for finding it (no matter if you got the G.E.C.K. or even talked to the deathclaws), or leave San Francisco after getting the tanker ready to go, you'll always jump ahead to the fourth sequence ("the village dies"). As time passes the garden and fields will go empty and people will become generally despairing. After 90 days, which corresponds to the first Hakunin dream sequence, you will be unable to get (or to finish, if you already got them) quests 1, 3 and 4, and Hakunin won't give you healing or make Healing Powder any more. After 91 days you'll be unable to get the Water Flask and cash from the Elder.
If you return to Arroyo after seeing the fourth Hakunin dream sequence, the bridge will be destroyed and the village inaccessible. A dying Hakunin will greet you with a story of how the villagers were taken south in vertibirds, and Navarro appears on your world map. You don't have to return here and whether you do or not has basically no effect on the rest of the game.
If you find Vault 13 but don't enter it, Arroyo won't change, but Hakunin's description and dialogue will! This should be a pretty rare occurrence, but it did happen to me once. Hakunin won't actually die after you talk to him, and it won't put Navarro on your world map. Another funny thing is that if you're in Arroyo when you get the fourth vision and talk to Nagor, he'll tell you that Morlis cooked Smoke... but if you didn't rescue Smoke already, you can go and do that (although as noted above you get no xp for it and Nagor's dialogue doesn't change).
The Arroyo bridge location will actually change to a whole new map, so if your car is parked there at the time it will be lost forever, along with any NPCs left on that map or any other Arroyo map.
Rescue Nagor's dog, Smoke, from the wilds 编辑
Nagor is to the east of Hakunin's garden, the dog is in the hunting grounds area to the west. Go there, kill any hostile geckos (or Sneak past them), grab all the Broc Flowers and Xander Roots you can get, and avoid stepping on the green slime. When you get to the dog at the top left it'll follow you back and even help you kill geckos on the way. The flowers and geckos reset every day if you leave the map and return. It may seem like an idea to stay here and level up from killing geckos, but actually it's much more work than it's worth, so only do that if you're close to leveling up already and can't wait (or see the note below). You get 100 xp for returning the dog alive. If you tell Nagor the dog died, he'll run off on his own to look for it unless you ask him not to, and he'll also take off if you turn down the quest. If you then follow him to the hunting grounds, he'll be lying dead next to a dead gecko, the dog will be gone, and you can't strike the quest off your quest list. But you can take a Spear from Nagor's cold body.
Zuger's patented leveling technique: "The easiest way to get xp from stealing is from the drugged-up geckos in Arroyo. Just plant and steal Broc Flowers. Easiest way to level up early on in the game. Gets a bit tedious though. With a Steal of like 10% I managed to steal and plant Broc Flowers at least 5 times." Make sure there are no hostile geckos nearby if you do this, since the peaceful ones will turn hostile as well if you start a fight.
In combat, all normal and golden geckos will run for and eat any Iguana-on-a-stick or Meat Jerky dropped on the ground, attacking if they have any AP left. They will also pick up punching weapons like Spiked Knuckles and Power Fists! And then use them against you!
This is only the first of many quests, dialogues and details which will be unavailable if your Intelligence is less than 4. I won't bother to tell you about that any more, but I will note where there are special benefits or odd happenings to be gained from being stupid.
Find Vic the Trader 编辑
This won't happen for a little while yet. If you're curious, see the Den, quest 8.
Obtain flint to have Mynoc sharpen your spear 编辑
Talk to the guard by the bridge on the village perimeter. If you have at least PE 6 you can ask him about his spear, and he'll send you to your grumpy aunt to get some Flint. You can:
Buy it from her in dialogue with 3 Healing Powder.
Barter one Scorpion Tail for it.
Ask nicely for it if you have at least Speech 51% and pass a skill check, 50 xp in this.
Steal it.
Get caught stealing twice and she'll give it to you.
If you got it by bartering, stealing or getting caught stealing you can still get the xp for using Speech, or even another piece of Flint by trading Healing Powder, but there's no use for two. When you return to Mynoc he turns one of your Spears into a Sharpened Spear, which is good. Better yet, drop all your Spears beforehand and he'll give you a new one. Tribals are kinda stupid.
After you've been to Klamath or the Den, Mynoc's dialogue changes so you can't get or finish the quest.
Geoffrey Bateman reports a cheat with far-reaching applications: "When you talk to Aunt Morlis and try to get the Flint from her, get to the screen where you have the option of saying something like, 'Sure, I have 3 healing powders right here', then go to the barter screen, drop all your Healing Powders, go back to the talk screen, and select that dialogue option. You get the Flint without losing anything (the game only checks your inventory before displaying the dialogue option, not after you select it), then you just have to pick up your Powders. It also works with upgrading weapons. Just get to the screen where you choose the specific weapon to be upgraded, then switch to barter and drop the gun before selecting it to be upgraded; you'll get the upgraded weapon (full of ammo, of course) from the person, then you can pick up your non-upgraded gun. Unfortunately, this won't work with Algernon, who won't barter, so you have to pay for the upgrade to make this work. This trick might also be useful in situations where you pay someone through a dialogue choice, like paying Metzger for Vic: drop all your money, then 'pay' him, pick up your money..." You can get all four combat implants for free in Redding this way, for one thing, as long as you carry $30,000 and one suit of Combat Armor. Sebastian Cassten who also told me about the trick notes that you can use it to keep quest items (such as the above-mentioned Flint), although this will appeal exclusively to item hoarders.
Kill the evil plants that infest Hakunin's garden 编辑
Talk to Hakunin and agree to kill the plants, or just go and kill them. They shouldn't be too much of a problem. You gain 100 xp. Report back to Hakunin for 2 Healing Powders, and he will now be able to concoct Healing Powder if you give him a Broc Flower and a Xander Root. Since it's possible you won't return here, scout the hunting grounds until you have an equal number of roots and flowers, then turn them all into powder. Do keep any roots and flowers you find in the future, though, since you'll get another chance to make use of them (and until you get the first dream sequence you can always return and enlist Hakunin's skills again).
The ranged attack of the plants is considerably less dangerous than their bite (plus they run out of spikes pretty quickly), so a good gardening technique is to hit them once, run away two hexes and end turn, then move in and repeat.
If you have negative karma or if you've offended Hakunin, he'll offer this quest as a way of making amends. In the former case you still have to get your karma to 0 or better before he will give you the reward. In the latter case, keep insulting him until his reaction level drops so low that he forgets he's mad at you (bug). After that he'll offer normal dialogue, although the talking head looks none too happy.
Retrieve the GECK for Arroyo 编辑
This won't happen for a long while yet (unless you're using stupid short cut techniques). You gain 4000 xp when you first lay hands on a G.E.C.K.
Klamath 编辑
“ Most people have evil spirits. You? You have stupid spirits. Go see shaman, get hole in head... ”
—Sulik
Klamath is a quiet, out-of-the-way town, but can seem like something of a metropolis to someone who's used to huts and tents. Read the notice board to get a feel of what's going down. You can also talk to the town greeter, but he wants cash and it's a waste unless this is your first game... and it's not, is it? :) For some reason he carries a Molotov Cocktail which you can steal and throw at him for a laugh. Or not.
In Klamath you find your first shops, one in the Golden Gecko and one at the Buckners' place, which both restock every 2 days. The Gecko is a rough place where trappers hang out (you need a low or middling town reputation to crash here), while Buckner House is a tad friendlier. Things you should buy include all 10mm AP, perhaps some Healing Powder if you don't have about 10 or so of those already, and the Leather Armor if you can afford it (especially if you're playing a mêlée character, since there won't be much else to invest in for quite a while). Stimpaks are in all likelihood not worth the price right now. Sajag at the Golden Gecko will give you a discount if you're charming enough, or if you just keep bugging him about it. If you rent a room at either establishment you're essentially paying $25 to rest 8 hours and recuperate HP equal to four times your Healing Rate, while NPCs aren't healed at all. I'd practice my healing skills instead.
Shops usually restock every 2-4 days, randomly decided (exceptions will be noted in the walkthrough). It won't happen while you're on the same map (though sometimes if you talk repeatedly to a shopkeeper they may reveal a weapon they were holding back for personal use), and also items won't accumulate endlessly. Items that a storekeeper keeps in regular stock will fluctuate in number (and choice items may not appear at all), but anything else you sell them will remain. Usually when you kill a shopkeeper, their inventory appears on their corpse even if you couldn't steal it off them previously, but not always. Of course, if you kill Maida Buckner or Sajag you'll have to fight the rest of Klamath as well.
Most shops in the game restocked significantly less often in v1.0, typically every 1-2 weeks. The patch notes only mention they get money more often, but it goes for the rest of their inventory as well.
You never lose anything by converting unwanted items into cash, so you should take every opportunity to do so. This is because your items always sell for the same value; Barter levels, discounts and so on all affect the prices of the other party's goods. But one of their dollars always trades for a dollar's worth of equipment. This is also useful to know when you're buying something expensive and can't carry all the junk you'd like to trade in for it; just pay in cash, and then trade in stuff for that cash at your leisure. Note however that most shopkeepers restock money along with their other wares, at which time any amount of cash in excess of what they usually carry will disappear.
This isn't going to bother you for some time yet, but your inventory can't display any more than $99999 in cash. Don't fret though, it's all there; the dialogue interface shows up to seven digits, and the variable itself can in fact go over 2 billion. If you're bothered you can keep $99999 in your inventory, $99999 in your trunk, $99999 on Sulik, $99999 on Cassidy, $99999 in your favourite bookcase, $99999 in the skeleton in the radscorpion caves beneath the raider hideout... you get the big overall general picture.
In Buckner House a tribal-looking person by the name of Sulik is standing about. Turns out he was looking for his sister (who was taken by slavers), but got drunk in Klamath, wrecked the place and is working off his tab. If you talk to Maida Buckner, you can offer to pay the $350 Sulik owes, and he'll then join your party if you want to. Do this in conversation with Sulik, though, because then you get 500 xp that you won't get if you pay the money directly to Maida. There's a better way to free Sulik: see quests 2 and 6 below. It's a good idea to do this as early as possible when you come to Klamath, so you can have Sulik tag along. This isn't one of those stupid games where experience is divided among party members! The first thing you should do is take Sulik's Leather Jacket and wear it yourself to look cool.
IN<4: If you want to get Sulik you must offer to pay his debt the very first time you talk to him. Always choose the second line in this conversation, and eventually you gain 500 xp and Sulik if you want him (and providing your CH is not 1, of course). Since stupid characters don't get to do quests 2 or 6 this is your only chance to get him!
Sebastian Cassten notes that you can repeatedly pay the sum for Sulik's release by asking Maida about the Den. Basically you're paying to increase your town reputation.
In v1.0 you don't get any xp for giving the money to Sulik.
Talk to John Sullivan in the Golden Gecko (use the "magic" dialogue path and get a free Beer) and you can get him to train you in pugilism for +10% Unarmed, +10% Melee Weapons and 150 xp!
There's a dog around. Talk to it, and if you feed it some Meat Jerky you'll gain a Trapper Town Key and the dog will follow you around the map (for as long as you don't leave the map it will actually be your ally in any fight you start here). Strange thing for a dog to be chewing on, really. Don't talk to the dog until you have something to feed it, or you may end up having to fight it (running off the map will calm it; if you kill the dog you don't get the key).
Visit Vic's old shack in the northeastern part of the map and get (among other things) his Radio. It will come in handy later on. In your first game, using the Pipe Rifle will probably seem like a really cool idea, but it's not very efficient, so save your ammo until you have the 10mm Pistol. Or if Small Guns is your only decent combat skill, might as well snipe rats in Trapper Town until you find the 10mm Pistol. Good, cruel fun.
You can sleep with the women in the bathhouse, if you pay that is. Sally won't talk to you if you double-crossed the Duntons at the pastures, but you're not missing much. One of the girls, Jenny, is a friend of Vic's. Talk to her (you don't have to sleep with her first) and she'll put the Den on your world map. Maida Buckner, Sajag and Whiskey Bob can all do this, too.
Extremely minor bug: if you get the CH discount for the "Round-the-World" option at the bathhouse with exactly $124 in your inventory, you'll get it for free.
IN<4: If you're stupid, conversation with the simpleton Torr takes on a most interesting character. He can put the Den on your map if you ask him about Vic before accepting quest 3. He'll also offer free accommodation (same effect as described above), but not until after you've accepted or declined the quest, and since Torr doesn't return to the town map if you finish quest 3 properly a stupid character wouldn't normally get that option anyway.
In the unpatched game Maida puts Redding on your map along with the Den.
The wicked Dunton brothers live in a house north of the square. At night they walk over to the Golden Gecko, which means you can loot their house. Pick the door as well (need Lockpick 70%). Talking to people and doing some of the quests below, you find out the Duntons are really scum. You can confront them about stolen cattle, but sadly there's no way of turning them in, and if you talk them into a fight the whole town including the Buckners will join in on their side. Attacking and killing the Duntons won't turn the rest of the town permanently hostile, though, so if you lock the door before attacking you'll be able to end combat afterwards and nobody will carry a grudge (running to an exit grid will have the same effect).
The Duntons will each spawn a Spiked Knuckles in their first combat round unless they already have one. You can make this happen just by entering combat mode and clicking turn, then using Steal to get them, and repeat.
The first Dunton you kill will carry their "shop" inventory (which is pretty pointless and restocks only every 3 weeks) unless you did it on the brahmin pastures map. If you kill one of the Duntons, the other one will have disappeared after you leave the map and return. For instance, if you assassinate one then immediately talk to the other and take the rustling job, none of them will show up on the pastures map which means you cannot finish the quest.
If you try to search the bookcase while they're in the house or if they see you in the side room, the Duntons will attack immediately. Usually though, possessive critters will give you one warning that you should stay away from certain containers, doors or exits. To do this they must be able to see you, so you can try Sneaking, or positioning yourself out of their line of sight. If you have NPCs you can use them as cover, as they seem to block line of sight completely for this purpose. However, don't blame me if these critters have a double take and come for you later!
Early in the game you may want to save before picking any important door if your Lockpick skill is not too high. A critical failure will jam the lock, which then cannot be opened until the next day, i.e. when the clock reaches 0.00 (though you can use lockpick items on a jammed door). At least you never have to worry about Lockpicks breaking. Should you ever be disappointed that unlocked doors don't give you any xp, you can instead lock them for 25 xp. Great fun, eh?
If you're playing without children, here in Klamath is where you'll hear your first disembodied voices. When it happened to me the first time, I thought it was my own character talking to the dog!
Trapper Town is the western part of Klamath. Go up the passage between the two large buildings, then through a door to the right, and you'll find Slim Picket who will train you in Outdoorsman if your skill level is 28% or lower (so if you steal the Scout Handbook from a kid nearby, don't read it yet). If he says something about your tribe being "mostly farmers", just try again. This will add a percentage number equal to double your Intelligence (but not less than 7). He'll ask either $50 or $100 depending on town reputation, but due to a glitch you actually get money instead of losing it. If you turn him down after he states his price you won't get another chance.
Before the patch Picket wouldn't give you money, but he wouldn't take it, either. The current state of affairs is the result of a "fix" mentioned in the patch notes.
It turns out Slim's shut off access to the northern part of the area due to rat encroachment. To pass the locked door, you can:
Pick the door for the usual 25 xp.
Steal the key from Slim.
Barter for it (will cost you $1).
Use the key you got from the dog earlier.
Convince Slim he should let you have the key (for any of several reasons).
Sleep with him if you're a woman.
Toss Aldo's Molotov Cocktail at the door.
Take the key from Slim's cold, dead body.
Get the key from Slim right away if your IN is below 4.
If you're a woman and tell Slim you'd "give anything" to get the key, the lines of dialogue you get are messed up. What they do is, respectively: agree to his proposal, back up the dialogue, and leave dialogue. If you should select the first by mistake you can console yourself with the fact that the script never calls the sex procedure, so technically speaking there's just a fade-out...
So much for security. Wend your way through the complex to the north (picking up the boots and ammo from the lockers) until you find a hole in the floor, and climb down. You'll now find yourself fighting through three cavernous levels with pretty much rat in them. Several minor items are hidden on the ground including a Sledgehammer, there's a 10mm Pistol (probably your first half-decent weapon) on a trapper corpse and a Combat Knife in the rat nest, and you can find a Tool by a scattered robot corpse in one corner. Near the southwest corner of the second (lowermost) level there's a caved-in section; move the mouse around above the big pile of bones and you'll find some 10mm JHP ammo.
Behind a locked door (use the Dynamite on the shelf if your Lockpick is not up to it, 70% should be enough) you'll find a ladder up, leading to a part of Trapper Town which was previously inaccessible. Take the Nuka-Cola from the ground and loot the fridge to the northeast, but most importantly walk over to the car and pick up the Fuel Cell Regulator, which is worth 200 "invisible" xp.
Near the car there's a working Nuka-Cola machine. Use a coin on it and you get a Nuka-Cola, and possibly hit for 1-2 points of damage by the violently ejected bottle. There are plenty of these machines in the game (working and broken ones have different descriptions), and you can get 15-30 bottles from each before they run out of stock. A Nuka-Cola trades for more than $1... but as a rule you'll want to convert equipment into cash rather than the other way around. However, Nuka-Cola is an ingredient for making Super Stimpaks later on, so you may want to keep this in mind, though chances are you'll have plenty more than you'll ever need anyway. Strangely enough, these machines replenish their stock every 1-7 weeks.
If you can't find the 10mm Pistol it's probably because you left the rat caves in order to rest up, during which time the corpse disappeared leaving the gun obscured by the remaining pool of blood. While bodies decay in mere hours if you leave a map and return, blood is quite persistent and can literally remain for years. The specifics of blood decay are not known to me, but it appears to depend on time as well as the number of times the map has been entered.
On the floor of the first level of tunnels there are Rocks. Rocks, man, Rocks! Here is the Rock challenge: how many Rocks can one gather through the course of a game, without resorting to recurring random encounters? I'll keep you up to date on the Rock situation...
Refuel the still 编辑
Talk to Whiskey Bob at Buckner House and he'll ask you to refuel his still in the woods (you have to buy him a drink first for $5, though if you have IN 7 you can recoup your loss by making him give you the 2 Booze he's carrying). He'll offer $50; if you ask for more he'll tell you $65 if you pass a Barter check, but only give you $55 when you're done (scripting glitch). Go to the southeastern exit grid into a wooded area full of geckos. Make your way down to the shack to the southwest, grab one of the Firewood heaps and use it on the still for 100 xp. When you return to Bob, he'll give you your agreed-upon monetary reward. Because the golden geckos can be a definite pain and because of the issue of pelts, you may not want to do this until you've got both Sulik and the Gecko Skinning perk (see below). If you feel like it you can reveal the location of the still to Sajag for $50 and a Beer (and 100 xp, though it doesn't appear in the message window), after which Whiskey Bob won't much like you any more. You must do this before you collect your reward from Bob, so you have to choose your allegiance. You can ask Sajag to tell you about his booze connections in the Den, but it doesn't do anything once you get there.
This is one of the few timed quests in the game. Like the man says, you need to refuel the still within a day or you don't get any xp from doing so, but you can go to Sajag after Bob gives you the what for.
Whiskey Bob won't talk to you if your town reputation is Neutral and your karma is -3 or worse. To remedy this all you have to do is nudge your town reputation in either direction, which should be easy enough (buying a round of drinks will do it). This is the result of a bug: he was supposed to snub you off if you have a negative town reputation, but instead the script checks the global variable with the same identifier as the current Klamath town reputation.
Here you may run into your first golden geckos, who radiate you when they hit you. I would suggest you don't use any RadAway before leaving Klamath and the Toxic Caves altogether, since we're not talking high levels of radiation. See the end of the Character Design section for more detailed info on radiation. Under most circumstances you should be perfectly safe not taking any RadAway before you get to the doctor in Vault City (or ever, barring some extreme happening such as ending up in the Toxic waste dump repeatedly).
Rescue Smiley the Trapper 编辑
Ardin Buckner's fiancé is missing. She'll put the Toxic Caves on the world map for you and ask you to find Smiley. Do so (see the Toxic Caves section), and she'll reward you with either Sulik's freedom (you get 500 xp although it doesn't show in the message window) or $100. Talk to Smiley afterwards and he'll give you the Gecko Skinning perk and, if you talk to him again and ask him about gecko hunting, a random Outdoorsman rise from +1% to +6% (save and reload if you're greedy). If he says you already know more about hunting than he does, persist and you'll get the bonus anyway. If you have Gecko Skinning, every gecko you kill (except the fire variety) will have a pelt in it which you can grab and sell. Should Smiley perish then Ardin won't talk to you any more if you tell her.
IN<4: If you return later in the game to get the Toxic Caves on your map using Mentats and rescue Smiley, you'll get the Gecko Skinning perk but not the Outdoorsman rise or any reward from Ardin.
You can get double xp for this quest if you get the location of the caves from Mrs Buckner but say you can't help her. Then go and rescue Smiley. When you return to Klamath Ardin will still be talking about him, so you can accept the quest, go to the caves and rescue Smiley again, then go back to Klamath for your reward. There will be two Smileys in Klamath, each of which will give you training. For this to work, you cannot enter the Toxic Caves in between saving the first Smiley and reactivating the quest, not even by saving and loading the game. Also you may want to avoid talking to the first Smiley directly after getting the quest, since he will then start following you around Klamath thinking you're in the caves.
Sebastian Cassten adds: "You can actually gain 1000 xp for recruiting Sulik. First do one of Ardin's quests and ask either for no reward or for Sulik's freedom so that you get 500 xp. Now before going to Maida, talk to Sulik. You will notice that he isn't free yet ('cause you haven't talked to Maida). You can now if you want to pay the 350 bucks for an additional 500 xp reward." This does not work in v1.0, however.
If you agree to search for Torr before you get the quest to find Smiley, you must resolve quest 6 before you can get this one.
In v1.0 you could get infinite training from Smiley.
Guard the brahmin 编辑
Torr who's not so smart wants help guarding his herd of cattle from "bugmen" who come at night. Don't talk to him until you're ready, because he'll only ask you once (but see quest 4 for an additional way of getting this quest). Agree to help and you're teleported to a wooded area where the brahmin are to be found. A radscorpion appears, which you should be able to take out easily. Is this the truth behind Torr's insectoid bugmen, I wonder? Nearby there are several more, if you kill every one of them you'll have completed this quest for 250 xp, but if you want to switch to quest 4 instead, don't kill them for now.
There's another, less obvious way of finishing this quest. Two shady figures are standing to the west of Torr's camp, namely the Dunton brothers. Approach them and they'll ask you for help stealing the cattle (this will activate quest 4). Agree to do so, but then tell the Duntons to call off the plan (Speech check needed), after which they run off. This gives you the same 250 xp and +50 karma as above, although the message window doesn't show anything. Optionally kill the scorpions for combat xp.
In a shack to the southwest you can find a pair of Radscorpion Limbs, which have been used by the Duntons to masquerade as bugmen to get at Torr's cattle. Sadly there's no way to confront them about this (a snippet of such dialogue exists, but is unused), so the Limbs are worthless. Beware that once you leave this map you can't get back to it, so don't leave anything here and bring all the scorp tails you can carry.
Sebastian Cassten notes that after you scare off the Duntons you can tell Torr to run away as well (see quest 4). This will let you get quest 6, which is really supposed to happen only if you finish quest 4 instead. It also has the aesthetic effect of crossing out both brahmin quests in the Pipboy, although you never get the reward for quest 4.
It's possible to get xp for this quest twice. After you scare off the Duntons you can go to Torr and tell him you'll help guard the brahmin, which will reactivate the quest. Now kill the scorpions and leave and you'll get another 250 xp. This way you won't get quest 6, though.
Sebastian Cassten has also discovered that you can pull off both the above tricks by relying on a combination of script imperfections. Convince the Duntons to run off, then kill the scorpions. Talk to Torr, but instead of using the mouse to navigate through dialogue, keep it still. Press 2 and 1 to trick him. When dialogue ends, immediately click to talk to him again, and select option 1 this time. Now your goal is to run to the exit grid in combat mode; do this by using all but one of your AP each time, ending combat manually and hitting A a lot. You will be successful if you get there before Torr manages to disappear (which will be signalled by a fade-out).
Killing a cow or turning Torr hostile will make this quest fail.
Rustle the brahmin 编辑
Instead of scaring the Duntons away you can return to Torr and tell him to take off (they say you can knock him out, but this will rile the brahmin, and even if you do manage to beat him unconscious it won't let you finish the quest), then go back to the Duntons for 150 xp, $50 and 5 Meat Jerky, or you can decline the reward for somewhat less of a karma drop (but, karma is not much of an issue). Might as well clean out the scorpions afterwards, though you don't get any quest xp for doing so. This would have been a better idea than quest 3 considering quest 6 below, but since you can get that anyway this is mostly for nasty characters.
You can also get this quest by talking to the Duntons in town instead of Torr, providing you didn't go and get yourself a good town reputation. You only get one chance for each brother to ask for work, and once you ask, if you turn one of them down you don't get a proper chance with the other (see bug note below). Don't address them by name, since it may abort the work thread (which twin you're talking to is decided randomly each time). When you arrive at the pastures, you can talk to Torr and promise to help him guard the brahmin to activate quest 3, and then choose which one to complete as usual. Remember that once you tell Torr to take a hike, you can't finish quest 3 by killing the scorpions, and that if you kill the scorpions the Duntons will leave even if you didn't collect their reward yet. If you leave the pastures without completing either quest 3 or 4, you don't get quest 6 or any xp, so that just plain sucks.
If your Charisma is 10 when you enter Klamath for the first time, your town reputation will rise to the point where the Duntons won't offer you the rustling job. Arm-wrestling them once before asking will take care of this.
Killing Torr or any of the brahmin will set the quest to failed and cause the Duntons to run off. If you told Torr to run away and then attack the brahmin, you'll see a float over the invisible Torr after combat ends. This won't turn him hostile, though.
From WraithUV: "Saving and then loading the game after you've scared off Torr causes the Duntons to no longer speak to you. This makes both quests impossible to complete." This apathy also means you can steal from them happily and if you kill them they'll still be alive downtown, but obviously this is not the ideal outcome.
As found by Kwiatmen666 and figured out by Killap, completing this quest spawns a few new brahmin in the pen back of the Duntons' house which use Arroyo brahmin scripts. Attacking these will spell the end of your game.
If you talk to one Dunton about work in town and turn him down, then talk to the other and insist on helping them, the dialogue will proceed as if you were on the pastures map. You can agree to handle Torr; this won't take you to the pastures, though you can still get there by talking to Torr as usual. Or you can have a shot at spooking them, giving you the normal xp for that (they won't actually run anywhere), after which you can go with Torr if you want, finding the pastures empty except for brahmin and scorpions. Another bug found by Ryan P. Fialcowitz: "If you talk to the Duntons about work in Klamath prior to talking to Torr, Torr will disappear if you leave the map and come back."
Kill the rat god 编辑
Slim in Trapper Town will tell you about this. You'll know Keeng Ra'at when you see him on the second level of the rat maze. Perhaps Sulik should be with you for this? You get 300 quest xp for killing the royal rodent. Once you kill the rat you can't talk to Slim for training if you didn't already.
Rescue Torr 编辑
If you told Torr to leave his brahmin earlier, now's the time to make up for it! Go to Ardin Buckner and it turns out Torr is missing because he went to look for the brahmin. Finger the Duntons and offer to help (you only get one chance). Then go to the canyon area to the northwest. Torr is standing about near a mad robot. Kill the bot using hit and run tactics, scout the area (intriguing!), talk to Torr and then return to town (200 xp) and talk to Ardin again. As a reward, ask for Sulik's freedom (which is worth $350, plus you get 500 xp; also see the note for quest 2). If you ask for money, or if Sulik was free already, you'll get a measly $100 and substantially less karma.
If you run off the map after the robot attacks, it won't be hostile when you return. You can then use Repair to fix its broken motivator. Aww!
There is no use for the Yellow Reactor Keycard in this game, despite numerous allegations, rumours and misunderstandings. It may be the seed of a quest which was not fully implemented, or perhaps it was simply meant to be a Yellow Pass Key, reflecting the Poseidon Oil connection. Interestingly, the card is not there in the unpatched game.
Toxic Caves 编辑
“ Pipin' hot gecko pie, comin' up. ”
True to their name, these tunnels contain green ooze which will hurt you if you step on it. To be safe from harm, you and each party member must be carrying a pair of Rubber Boots in your inventory. Even then, sometimes the boots will randomly melt, leaving you vulnerable (1% for each step, happens to your party members as well), in which case you might want to reload since that's 2 points of damage for each step you take unless you wear Metal Armor or anything else that absorbs plasma damage. However, for the heck of it you may want to do a little voluntary goo stepping. If you step on the goo repeatedly without protection, you'll soon get a message that your feet begin to itch. Eventually (after 15 steps to be precise) it'll say: "Your feet burn and itch for a while, but then they feel better." A month thereafter you'll grow two extra toes, which you can amputate in Vault City... and find an obscure "use" for even further on. And yes, this is the only way to get the toes (I searched the scripts).
If you came here in the car, it'll be on the edge of the screen and you can't access the trunk while you're here.
Power Armor protects against the goo as if you're wearing boots. Hardened and Advanced Power Armor do not (so you get the toes if you didn't already), but they nullify the damage. The boots have no effect on bad goo in other areas than this one.
Kill as many geckos as you need to in order to get past, and make sure to raid the locker for boots and stuff. Go down the ladder and make your way to the northeast (avoid the middle tunnel, it has the most geckos). There you'll find an elevator, a broken generator, and a trapper. If this is your first visit you probably won't be able to do much about the first two, so talk to the third (after raiding the locker on the wall, a container type which is easily overlooked). Once you bring him to the cave mouth, he'll make it on his own and you earn 1000 xp. Then after you've been to Klamath and got the Gecko Skinning perk you can return here and take out any remaining geckos.
Smiley will join you fighting the geckos even before you talk to him if you're right outside where he's standing. He's not overly effective, though.
Once you return here with a beefed-up Repair skill (or Vic), you'll be able to fix the generator (50-60% is recommended, a Tool won't provide any bonus). Next you'll have to use an Electronic Lockpick on the elevator door, or it won't open. Go down, kill the rocketbot, then loot, loot and loot to your heart's content: good ammo, a Bozar and a Combat Armor Mark II among other things. (Though the first time I got down here, I was disappointed the place was so small. I'd expected a full-blown base.)
This is the only time in the game you need any kind of lockpick item (unless your Lockpick skills are horrendously bad).
In the unpatched version there was significantly less stuff down here: no Combat Armor Mark II, no Bozar, no Plasma Pistol, less ammo. Also you couldn't use the Electronic Lockpick MKII to open the elevator.
You'll want to kill the robot before it can take too many shots at you, which is where this little trick comes in handy. If you press and hold the A key as the game is loading a new area (such as when you get a random encounter on the world map), you'll enter combat mode and get the first turn before any monsters can react. Kind of a half-cheat which takes advantage of the game engine. Another time you may want to use this is in dialogues where you say things like "Eat grapeshot and die, scumbag". The other party always gets to initiate combat - that is, unless you hold the A key as you leave dialogue. In this particular case you can also use the trick to run past the robot before it can react; if you get to the doorway you'll be safe, even if there are NPCs in the robot's line of sight.
If you ever wanted to have your very own Robo Rocket Launcher, you can. What you must do is kill the robot with a critical hit to the head that does no damage (try using Flares, or maybe punching; Better Criticals is a must). Because of a bug this means you get no combat xp, but neither does the bot purge its inventory of special items you aren't really supposed to get your hands on. Next you must knock an NPC unconscious on the same hex occupied by the rocketbot (make sure it's not Vic, Myron or Goris, since they will freak out if looted while unconscious - assuming you care, that is), access their inventory, and finally click an arrow to select the robot. You should now be looking at two purple boxes representing one Robo Rocket Launcher and up to 18 rounds of Robo Rocket Ammo (which are equivalent to Explosive Rockets). This weapon has a very modest ST requirement and takes only half as many AP to fire as a normal Rocket Launcher, but it doesn't do nearly as much damage.
The Den 编辑
“ You'll not find a greater hive of scum and villainy. Now where did I hear that? ”
—Whiskey Bob
The Den isn't that much larger than Klamath (actually, in terms of game maps, it's smaller), but somewhat closer to the harsh realities of wasteland politics (or the lack of it). The Den is divided into two areas, eastern and western. Both are full of foggy chem reliants, who may sometimes attack you unprovoked. If you hurt them somewhat they run away so you don't have to kill them, or you can probably run away yourself and then end combat. Actually you can kill them with no karma drop or other consequences, but don't make a habit of it.
You can access the unimplemented Den area by pressing 3 when choosing your destination on the town map. You can whack Anna's double, get a Shovel from Smitty's evil twin's shack, and in case you're wondering, if you kill everyone here no one in the "real" Den will care.
One thing you should be aware of right away is that the kids who stand beside doorways outside Becky's, Tubby's, Flick's and Frankie's will all try to steal from you as you go by (their skill is about 65%). The two kids outside Ananias' house are the only exceptions. Running past them won't help as their steal action is instantaneous, even if you see them working their steal animation on the screen only after you're already safely past (and if you fail a PE check you don't even see the animation). You might be able to Sneak past them, or another trick is to enter combat mode, go past them and end combat. Thankfully they don't steal from your party members. If you don't want to bother with entering combat mode, simply walk up to the kids you need to pass, let them try to steal, then use your own Steal skill on them one at a time to see if they got anything. If they did, use Steal on them repeatedly to get it back; they won't run off to sell the item until you move away, and if they catch you, nothing happens. You'll then be safe from these specific thieves for 1-5 minutes (usually enough time to be in and out of the building). If you don't get an item back, the kid will run to the nearest shopkeeper and fence it (those outside Becky's will cross the street to Tubby), in which case you'll have to trade for it if you want it back.
If the shopkeeper a specific kid would fence their stolen goods to is killed, the kid will just stand there accumulating items until you leave the map, whereupon their loot disappears. (It can get a little bizarre, looking at their inventory. A kid who can carry a couple of Bozars should be able to make a living doing something else, no?) If you kill the owner of an establishment, leave the map and return, the kid or kids outside that place will be gone. So if you kill Tubby but not Rebecca, the orphans outside the casino will remain but won't have any outlet for their acquisitions.
Every time you try to steal something and fail, people turn hostile and attack, right? So how come you don't get to flip out and kill people when someone fails a steal attempt on you? Oh well... If you kill one of the kids no one will react directly except for the other orphans, but being a Childkiller is very bad. Alternatively, you could attack a kid with a Plant Spike or something and then let your party members do the actual killing, in which case you won't become a Childkiller. A more fun and expensive way is to carry only a bundle of lit Dynamite and stroll innocently past the kids, hoping they'll take it off your hands (removing your armour helps). If they have time to sell it off, however, it will explode harmlessly in the shopkeeper's offscreen inventory. Lancelot thinks flipping out in moderation is in order: "If you punch a kid and then exit combat mode, that kid won't steal any more and from now on will run away upon seeing you. So leave your party members somewhere far (because otherwise they will follow you and kill the kid) and punch every thief in town to teach them a lesson." Mason Pearce favours aimed kicks to the legs for this purpose and additionally notes: "You can kill the orphans without getting Childkiller by dropping armed explosives beside them. They enter combat mode and run for a round, but you can end combat immediately and they walk back to where they were in time for the explosion." They may go for you instead of fleeing, in which case you have to hit them once before they think better of that.
If you don't have visible kids in your game, they'll still steal from you given the opportunity, but you obviously can't steal back. In this case you'll have to wait until your crucial item reappears in a shop, if and when you notice that it's missing. This can of course be extremely frustrating, especially if you have no idea about the kids in the first place, which would have been true for many European players (such as myself). Interplay's way of fixing the child "problem" may have included a minimum of effort on their part, but it's not very stylish.
Tubby and Flick sell some interesting weaponry, such as Hunting Rifles, .44 Magnum Revolvers and 10mm SMGs (all stuff may not appear in their inventory right away). You might want to consider the rifle for Vic, an SMG for Sulik and a .44 Magnum for yourself, but it probably means parting with lots of money in addition to whatever things you may have to barter. If you're not into guns you won't find much to invest in, sadly. You can kill both Tubby and Flick without pissing off anyone else (except Tubby's guards). Because you gain karma from Flick some people have concluded that this is a "good" thing, something with which I cannot agree. Nevertheless, killing them early on (bypassing Klamath, even) is a decent stupid short cut technique for those who like that kind of game. Tubby restocks in 1-2 days, Flick in the regular 2-4 days. If you ask Tubby about chems, you can pay him $100, or offer $50 and make a Speech check, or threaten him if you have ST 8 or the Presence perk. This puts Redding on your world map even though he doesn't mention the place.
IN<4: Flick won't even talk to you, so you can't barter with him. Oh heck... let him have it, then.
In Becky's Casino you can buy drinks and of course gamble; one interesting thing is that the craps script contains no references to the Gambling skill, so it should work just as any real craps game. People have suggested various strategies to get rich at the craps table, but I can't be bothered to put them here. See the Redding section for less complicated ways of making money in a casino. Personally I never gamble in this game. Listen to Leanne talking about the Master for 350 xp. You'll have to buy her a Nuka-Cola for $5, but cheap xp can't be bad.
If you assassinate Rebecca, leave the map and return, most of the guards and casino patrons will be gone. Oddly, you can still gamble.
Rebecca won't talk to you at all if you're a Childkiller. When you buy whisky from her she actually tries to run up and use a Booze on you. If you move away you don't get anything to drink but she still takes your money!
If you're playing a female character named Buffy and wear any of the four types of leather armour, Rebecca will have a few "trinkets" for you: $1000, 5 Stimpaks, a Metal Armor, a 10mm SMG, 120 10mm JHP, a Plasma Grenade and a Flower. Isn't this what they call favouritism? You don't get the stuff if she's angry with you (because you smote kids or destroyed the still) or if you're stupid when you talk to her for the first time wearing leather armour.
War story: Player (level 2) manages to piss off Joey in conversation, runs into Becky's chased by thugs, and hides behind Rebecca. Joey fires at player and hits Rebecca, casino guard fires at Joey and hits gambler. Eventually gamblers and townspeople are fighting each other and guards, guards are shooting gamblers and thugs, and Joey gets killed by Rebecca while still trying to shoot player. Then guard misses and kills orphan outside, two orphans storm the casino and even score a critical hit before being gunned down by the guards. Meanwhile, a guard accidentally hits another guard, guards start shooting each other, and as one guard runs out the door the entire battle spills out into the street! A few more people are killed out there. Combat ends, one of the surviving guards turns and walks back into the casino, while five or six guards and casino patrons remain outside, most of them severely wounded. One gambler, standing out in the street, comments: "Damn, Becky's was the only place to gamble around here!"
Joey, one of the thugs south of Becky's, will try to sell you Jet for $500 apiece ($350 with decent Barter). No way! After you get quest 3, Joey will put New Reno on your world map. Female characters can sleep with him for no gain. If you do, he'll move up a bit on the screen to a place east of Becky's casino, and after you leave the map he'll disappear from the game entirely (this is actually a bug introduced by the patch). So just don't sleep with him.
The guy outside the Brotherhood building is just damn annoying. In my first game I assumed his dialogue (or lack of it) was bugged. His dialogue will make more sense if you are level 4 or lower, which probably means you're playing a stupid character. If you return here later when you have access to this kind of building, it is empty.
Buying rat food in Mom's will replenish 2-8 HP for $10 (or $5 if you're stupid), which is cheaper healing than the Stimpaks that Mom will restock every 1-5 days. You can listen to Stacy's story of her cat for 200 xp if you buy her a drink for $10. It's a horrible story actually, but cheap xp can't be bad.
It's important that you talk to Karl in Mom's. Don't give him money or booze unless you have to, or he'll pass out for a couple of hours. Just ask him to tell you his story. If you anger him, for instance by offering him Nuka-Cola, you'll have to give him $100, a Beer or a Booze before you can regain the story option. Once you've completed the Ghost Farm quest in a peaceful manner, return here and tell Karl he can go home for 500 xp. Or if you're evil you can drive him crazy for no xp.
If you attack Mom, some people in the Den will be upset about it. Karl will run from you randomly, but you can still talk to him. Frankie and Smitty won't talk to you, closing off any quest options remaining. Joey will be angry, but you can intimidate him and get the locket from him if you haven't already. Tubby was supposed to let you barter at a penalty, but due to a bug you'll get his normal prices unless you press the barter button directly after dialogue starts, in which case you get a discount (this only works if you're non-stupid).
If you give Karl $1000 and then immediately ask him about the G.E.C.K, he'll offer you $1000 to sleep with him if you if you have CH 8. How does he afford it? (You can also steal the money back when he falls asleep. If you fail he'll run away when he wakes up, but you can end combat and he won't be hostile.)
IN<4: For stupid characters it is not so important to talk to Karl; he just takes half your money each time!
There's a prostitute in the Hole with whom male characters can sleep (with or without the rest of the party) for a random amount of cash. If your IN is below 4, she'll charge you $500 or $1000 and still say she doesn't get paid enough! Female characters can sleep with a male customer and charge him $50, or $200 if you pass a Speech check. If you're male and have Miria with you, you can let him have her for $50 the first time, then $200.
If you fancy being a Grave Digger you can use a Shovel on the graves in the graveyard (your karma will take a hit). Loot to be had includes:
12 Beer
1 Buffout
1 Jet
1 Rubber Boots
2 Throwing Knife
1 Knife
1 RadAway
24 10mm AP
1 Combat Knife
1 Flower
You lose 5 karma for each despoiled grave, but being a Grave Digger has in itself no effect in the game.
I don't list many of the numerous references in the game, but "R.E. Danforth's Non-Explosive Burning Fluid" is from a classic anthology of poems called Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters. (It's also on a headstone in Nashkel in Baldur's Gate.) You may not find this specific headstone in the Den as the messages are distributed randomly between the grave markers in the Den, Redding and Golgotha when you enter the respective maps, although there are some that are always in the same place, such as the Winslow graves, Richard Wright, and so on.
Over at Metzger's place you can sell your companions into slavery (any human except for Vic). The funniest thing about this is that the rest of your party act completely oblivious. Metzger is the only slaver in the game whose prices are influenced by Barter, but he's bugged so that you get more money the lower your Barter skill. The base price, which you'll get if your Barter skill is about 90%, is 1100 for Miria, 900 for Davin, 800 for Myron, 1200 for Sulik and 1300 for Cassidy; at Barter 40% you'll get about 30% on top of this. Metzger has some minor stuff that he restocks every 1-5 days, and any items on sold NPCs will go into this shop inventory and remain there until next time he restocks, at which time they disappear.
If Tyler has been killed for any reason, Metzger will attack as soon as you talk to him.
If you want to, you can also become a Slaver. This will make you hated by many people you'll meet in the game (Sulik, Cassidy and Keith Wright being some of the most important), and the only real benefit is that you get to go on slave runs organized by Metzger. In these slave runs, you're teleported to a map where you have to kill a number of "unruly" candidates for slavery, then report back for payment: $100 for each living slave (usually amounts to around $1000). You also get 500 xp for the first slave run. Metzger will give you new jobs until your total number of captured slaves is 30 or more. This means that by killing all the slaves in a slave run you can go on doing this indefinitely, quickly becoming a Berserker and getting bad karma to last you a lifetime. Ho hum. Perhaps more importantly, if any of your fellow slavers dies (you can kill them yourself and Metger won't know), this lowers the total "slave count" by 7 so that you may go on slaving. Just watch out that the slave count doesn't drop below zero, or Metzger will renounce your services. If you leave a slave run without killing all of the armed slaves, Metzger will have you shot on return (well, he'll try anyway).
On the slave run map with tents there's a brown chest you can't open unless you have a good Steal skill, and if you do you get a message about stealing from the shaman's things. This is actually a script that was originally going to be used for Hakunin's chest.
In v1.0, if a slaver is killed in a slave run he may get up again, then freeze the game.
Once you have a decent party, say, Sulik, Vic and Cassidy armed with Combat Shotguns or the like (which should be the case once you return for the car), you should go here and clean the place out. This will probably be a little harder for a mêlée character, but it is possible to win the battle at level 9 with Sulik and Cassidy armed with Spears. If you don't want to take on all the slavers at once, try locking them in. You get 1500 quest xp for killing Metzger and 1250 xp for telling the slaves he's dead. Rebecca will also give you $1000 as a reward for killing Meztger, but only if you make sure she understands it was you who killed him (choose the "put up a good fight" line, you only get one chance).
Generally, whenever you decline a monetary reward you get karma points instead. Also in some cases you get other alternative rewards (in which case I will note it in the walkthrough, of course).
Because of how critter data is handled, chems used on one critter will affect all critters that share the same template. This means that if a slaver uses Psycho, all slavers will gain Damage Resistance, and if one of them uses Jet, all of them will gain AP. If you think this is cheating you can leave the map and return, or save the game and reload; doing so will cause the game to lose track of such changes. This feature can also be used in your favour if you ever have several identical people, e.g. caravan guards, fighting on your side. The game does properly keep track of drug effects on your party members.
If you did quest 6, then whoever you fought for - Marc and Tyler, or Lara and her three gangsters - will still have a green outline and will fight on your side against the slavers if you take the fight down to the church. Taxi Driver adds: "Tyler happens to be rendered with one of the 'player' animations, meaning he can use any weapon in the game. Add a bit of spice to the slaver fight by giving him a Bozar or Vindicator Minigun! He may not be good with it, but I think this is a really classy way to clear out the East Side. Marc can only use a few weapons, but he can use sledgehammers which means you could have a bit of fun by giving him a Super Sledge. You can also load them up with Super Stimpaks and performance-enhancing drugs (or use the drugs on them yourself before beginning combat)." Tyler seems to favour small arms, so if you give him a Bozar he may stick to his Desert Eagle. Also I couldn't get him to use a Gauss Rifle at all; he'd equip it but not attack with it. He did OK with a Gauss Pistol, though. It should work with Lara as well, but you have to give her the stuff after the church fight since her inventory is purged before the attack.
Kit relates a strategy for this battle: "You can kill Metzger and his band of slavers at level 3 with a bit of ease. I have done it on several occasions. What you do is go with Lara's gang to fight the guards at the church. Once in combat mode, hightail it to Mom's Diner. At the diner, there is a back room with windows looking out towards the Slaver's Guild. What I did was pick the slavers off from the window, and take cover to the side of the window so that the slavers cannot hit you back. Lara's gang eventually helps out, but they are underpowered." As long as you have the firepower and ammunition to take the slavers out you shouldn't need to involve the gang (also at that time of day the darkness will be working against you); the slavers will tend to gather around your first victim and won't come running around the diner.
PC and Björn Welin both claim that using Psycho for this fight works wonders even at low levels. Tubby will probably have a dose or two, Frankie has one but you'd have to kill him for it, and the guard outside of Vic's door has one you can steal. With your Damage Resistance maximized you'll usually only take a couple of points of damage per shot, if any. However, you'll still be hurt by critical hits. When testing this I found that I was slowly whittling the guards down while they used up all their ammo and finally started to run from me, so if you're alone and lack a way to deliver damage reliably this will still be a tedious project at best. PC also brings up stealing anything you can from Metzger and his people, while Björn Welin recommends using Jet in conjunction with Psycho on yourself and Sulik, reloading if you get addicted.
Pennyliu123 suggests stealing Metzger's Shotgun, locking the doors, and attacking through the window; only one or two of the slavers will be able to fire back at the same time, and if you step carefully between shots you may be able to stop them from returning fire at all. The Shotgun has a rather short range, though - shorter than the 10mm Pistols - so I'd prefer a Hunting Rifle for this method.
Sadly, Metzger won't react if you storm into his house flashing the Ranger Pin in your active item slot or if you try to push it up his nose. Nor does the Ranger map quest in NCR (about the "safe houses in the north") tie in with Metzger in any way.
Collect money from Fred 编辑
Talk to Becky, ask for work and offer to collect the debt. Fred can be found somewhere around, usually in Flick's house, looking like one of the other junkies (but identified as "a citizen of the Den"). You should demand $200 from him (you can do it even with mediocre IN and/or Speech, if you follow the conversation patiently) and once you do, you can let him keep $100 or $150 and return to Rebecca for $100 and 200 xp. If you let Fred keep any money at all, return after some time (either 3, 4, 5 or 6 months, randomly decided); he'll have used your money to get rich in Becky's casino, and rewards you with $2000, 200 Small Energy Cell, 250 Micro Fusion Cell and a Plasma Grenade.
You were supposed to get different rewards from Fred - $500, $1000 or the full $2000 plus stuff - depending on how much money you let him keep and what you said to him. However, a scripting glitch ensures you'll always get the best reward (the variable in question doesn't carry over to the "new" Fred). So it doesn't matter if you only let him keep $100 (which means you break even after you return to Becky).
You can give Rebecca $200 regardless of how things went with Fred, as long as you've at least entered dialogue with him after getting the quest. Of course, you won't get Fred's reward if he doesn't know you paid his debt. If Fred dies before you talk to him, you won't be able to get quest 2.
Rebecca won't give you any jobs while your karma is below 0.
Get book from Derek 编辑
You get this quest from Rebecca next. The book is found on the ground in the east part of town, in any of four possible locations:
In the graveyard, just east of the church.
In the outhouse north of the Hole.
Behind a wall just southwest of the car behind Metzger's.
Beside a barrel south of the graveyard.
Return it to Becky for $80 and 300 xp. Derek is the guy standing directly outside Mom's, he too is "a citizen of the Den". He doesn't make a lot of sense and you don't even have to know he exists, it makes no difference for the quest.
Lara wants to know what is guarded in the church 编辑
Lara is the head of the punks on the west side. To complete this quest you must talk your way past the guards for 500 xp (700 xp if you do it before talking to Lara, 300 xp if you're a slaver), then examine the crates (500 xp) and report back for $200. If you don't make the Speech check you can bull your way in with ST 8. If all else fails, rest one hour and talk to Tyler again to get in, but then you won't get any xp for entering the church. Sneaking to get inside the church doesn't work, Marc will always spot you. If you get into a fight and kill off Tyler or Metzger before finishing this quest, you don't get any reward and it will terminate this chain of quests; the same is true for the next three quests.
Get permission from Metzger for gang war 编辑
Lara sends you to Metzger as an errand-boy (or -girl). Pretty straightforward, you get 200 xp and can return to Lara for $50.
Find weakness in Tyler's gang guarding the church 编辑
Simply go to the church and talk to Tyler to find out his gang is throwing a party, for 200 xp. If your CH is low, just keep trying. Give this information to Lara, but she won't give you any cash as yet.
Help Lara attack Tyler's gang 编辑
If you agree to go along for the fight, you'll find yourself outside the church. Lara will pay $400 for your help whether you actually fight or not. (If she's not alive at the end of the fight you can get the cash from her corpse.) It doesn't hurt to join in and try to grab as many kills (and thereby xp) as possible. You only need to kill the guard outside for the quest to finish, but go inside the church and continue the fight there.
There is another way to finish this quest. Tell Lara you need to prepare (you have until 6 a.m.), head over to Tyler and tell him about the plan, and he'll ask you to take out Lara instead when the time comes. Return to Lara for the attack but turn on her when the battle starts, taking the $400 from her corpse and earning $100 and 1000 xp from Tyler (for "helping Lara's gang to win the battle"). I wonder why you get bad karma from killing Lara instead of Tyler; I mean, aren't they both just random thugs? What, betrayal is bad? Oh well.
And, oh, two more somewhat counter-intuitive ways to finish the quest. One is to side with Lara, but then kill her entire crew before they can kill Marc. This earns you 1000 xp (again for "helping Lara") and the $400 from Lara's corpse, but no reward from Tyler (since he's not around). The fourth is to talk to Tyler as above and get to the fighting part, then take out Marc and Tyler even though they're green and Lara's gang is outlined in red. You then get 1100 xp for "successfully ambushing Lara's gang" (whee). Note however that if Lara is alive at this point she won't reward you, and the $400 won't be in her inventory (but if she died during the fight it'll be there as usual). It seems safe to assume that you were supposed to get xp from siding with Lara in the normal manner as well, but you'd have to kill Tyler for that to trigger, and you can't.
Whichever side you fight for, you can run off the map as soon as you're teleported to the east side, then return and collect your reward (money from either gang leader, and 1000 xp if you sided with Tyler). There won't be any bodies to loot, though (so no $400 from Lara if you sided with Tyler).
You may notice that where Marc and Tyler are standing there's a scenery object called "Floor" which interferes negatively with looting. If you try to click on a portion of a body which lies atop the floor you won't get the hand icon. You'll still be able to loot the body if there's a part that's sticking out from the floor thing. You may also be able to return once the body has decomposed and pick up the items (for some items like pistols you must wait for the blood to vanish as well). These floor things appear among other places at a New Reno casino entrance and the Vault 15 vault door, and carpets and haybeds may complicate looting as well.
Deliver a meal to Smitty for Mom 编辑
Mom will ask you to do this. Smitty will give you a Stimpak if you deliver the meal within 24 hours, and in any case you earn 150 xp and Mom will give you a free meal with pretty much rat in it which replenishes 5-20 HP. While you're there, ask Mom about vaults and she'll put Vault City on your world map.
Free Vic from his debt by getting his radio from his house in Klamath and paying Metzger 编辑
Pretty obvious what this is about. To get the guard outside Vic's door to let you through, you can:
Talk to Metzger to get his permission.
Ask nicely and pass a Speech check.
Attempt a bribe, pass a Barter check and pay the guard $300.
Pass the Barter check, tell him "Screw you" then nag him until he lets you in.
Fail two Speech and/or Barter checks so he tells you to talk to Metzger, then nag him until he lets you in.
Choose the "Meko veek" and "Seve" options if your IN is lower than 4.
Become a Slaver.
Have Science tagged or above 59%.
Have Repair tagged or above 59%.
Sneak-Lockpick the door.
Failing all this, think with portals or something. Talking to Vic solves Arroyo quest 2, though this isn't worth any xp in itself. Give him his radio (generic ones won't do). Return to Metzger and he will demand $1000 for Vic's freedom. If you're a woman with CH 6 you can sleep with Metzger to take $500 off the price, but nah. You should definitely make this investment unless you're going solo (or want an all-mêlée party). You can also free Vic simply by killing Metzger. Once he's free, Vic will put Vault City on your world map, and you get 200 xp for talking to him about being a trader. Then you can have him join your party.
Sabotage Becky's still 编辑
Go to Rebecca and ask for a drink so you know how much her drinks cost. Go to Frankie at the Hole, ask why his drinks cost more. He'll ask you to find out why Becky's drinks are so cheap. Return to Becky's, then wait until the guard by the door to the stairs goes over to the roulette table to talk to the female croupier (2-3 minutes, and you need to keep away from him). Pick the door, go downstairs and find a still. Return to Frankie for $100 and 400 xp, and he'll give you this quest. You can now tell him to buy his drinks from Rebecca for 900 xp, or else you can grab the nearby Crowbar and take it to the still (you can actually save yourself a couple of trips by doing this before even getting your first assignment), return for $500 and 700 xp, and then you can tell him to buy whiskey from Rebecca for 900 xp (but you have to do it in the same conversation). If you break the still Becky won't talk to you (or let you gamble), so don't do this until after she rewards you for killing Metzger.
You can use Dynamite to blow up the still. I don't know why you'd want to do this, since there is no minimum ST requirement to use the Crowbar. Or a Tool. Or a Wrench.
3-7 days after you destroy the still, Becky will have repaired it (but you need to leave and enter the map once to start the timer, and again for the still to be fixed (and a third time for the still to actually look whole, but never mind that)). This doesn't do much except you can't report back to Frankie unless you destroy it again. A small detail is that if you tell Frankie to buy his whiskey from Rebecca, his price will drop from $20 to $6 after the still is rebuilt and if Rebecca's alive.
A v1.0 bug discovered by Deep Black: if you tell Frankie about the still and then conclude the quest by telling him to buy Rebecca's liquor or saying you won't destroy the still, Rebecca will accuse you of having done so even if you haven't.
Get car part for Smitty 编辑
Smitty in the junkyard has a car to sell you, only it doesn't work. Bring a Fuel Cell Controller (which you can get later) and he'll install it and give you the car for only $2000. If you have the Fuel Cell Regulator from Klamath, he'll install that too for $750, and the car will need 50% less fuel. Once you install the Controller you may want to trade for Smitty's Micro Fusion Cells (you'll likely have surplus weaponry at this point), which he restocks every 3-5 days.
You can actually get the car without paying Smitty! Thing is, first you have to kill him. Then, use the Fuel Cell Controller on the car. If your Repair skill is high enough (110% will do, keep trying until you make it) you'll install it successfully. Unfortunately you can't install the Fuel Cell Regulator by yourself, so this is a pretty desperate measure.
You can use the trunk for storage even though you haven't bought the car yet.
If you use any item on the car before buying it, Smitty will come running out of the shack waving his arms and ask what the hell you think you're doing. If you do it again after that, he'll turn hostile! Needless to say this hurts your game pretty much (though you can Sneak up to him and talk to him to buy the car anyway). In my very first game I managed to do this with Smitty up in the shack, so I never noticed, and because I had only one save slot I had to replay the entire game up to this point. So, rule of thumb: don't touch other people's cars.
At any time you buy an item or a favour from someone with money, see if it's possible to barter or (if you're that kind of person) steal it back, assuming you're carrying stuff you don't really need. Sometimes the money just disappears, though.
In v1.0 you can get the car without having the part, though you still have to pay the $2000. Just ask Smitty what he does, then again about the car and you'll get the option to buy it. There's also a bug where if you leave the map on foot after getting the car, it disappears permanently, leaving the trunk.
Return Anna's locket 编辑
Now this is a weird one. The Great Ananias in the southern building in the west part of town will tell you about a ghost in the next room. Go there between midnight and 4 a.m., and you'll notice a shimmering figure. Bring out the Scooby snacks! "Talk" to the ghost and make sure you learn she's looking for her stolen locket. Go to Mom's for clues, she'll point you toward Joey. Confront him and either scare him with Anna's revenge (IN 6 needed), pay him ($50, or $20 with good Barter), threaten him (ST 5 and a Speech check, if you fail he'll attack), or kill him, and you'll get the locket. Return to Anna and give her the locket for 250 xp. It's so beautiful... Look what just materialized all over the carpet. Grab the bones, bring a Shovel (by coincidence there are two in this very room) and head over to the cemetery, where you'll find Anna's grave. Dig it up (once you've talked to Anna it won't make you a Grave Digger), put the bones in it and use the shovel again to cover it up for 1200 more xp (message window will say 600).
Jörgen Thuresson adds: "You can kill the ghost in the Den. All you need to do is to cause a massive critical above a certain threshold. I did this once when I was fooling around and started shooting with my .44 Magnum. It was hilarious! Anna did the overkill animation and the body stayed around the clock. I was laughing my head off at the time. My locket! Mine!" Those massive crits are the ones that bypass armour; further investigation shows Anna has no resistance to plasma damage. Killing her has no special effect except triggering a little bug that removes a couple of unimportant dialogue options to ask people about Vic.
Note that there may be another gravestone with the name Anna on it ("done to death by a banana"). This is not the grave of Anna Winslow.
You can take the locket to the ghost in the unused Den area, and get Anna's Bones that way... but then you'll have the "real" Anna hanging around forever. Or you can give the locket to either ghost, quickly steal it back and give it to the other, and you'll have two bags of Anna's Bones which you can bury one at a time for a total of 2900 xp... This is cheating, of course.
The ghost is something of an anomaly in the Fallout world. There were mental powers in the first game, but such things are by many considered viable in science fiction. Weird science aside, there aren't many examples of the blatantly supernatural in these games (unless you count those special encounters which are meant as obvious jokes). Seymour the talking plant and Hakunin dream sequences come to mind.
Modoc 编辑
“ "Was Jonny abducted by aliens?"
"Woof?"
"Okay, okay... Maybe someplace else, then?" ”
—The Chosen One and Laddie
Modoc is your average farming community. Although only Ed in Vault City will light it up on your world map, normally you'll come across it en route to that place. Jo has a pretty pointless shop on the left that restocks every 2-3 days (he'll get some more stuff if you trigger any of the Slag endings). If you're mean you can use Sneak to loot the shop clean. Stuff will actually keep spawning in the bookcase if you kill Jo.
Grisham who owns the slaughterhouse will ask you to guard his brahmin herd against wild dogs (he'll do this as you end the conversation). If you agree to it, you're teleported to the pastures. Ten dogs will appear from the north and pick a cow to gang up on. You need to kill all the dogs to complete the quest. Grisham will pay you $1000 minus $100 for each brahmin killed, and you get 250 xp to boot - except if you saved all the brahmin, in which case you get the money, but not the xp nor any town reputation increase (bug). Even if you have Sulik and Vic it can be tough to keep every single cow alive; usually the dogs will kill one or two brahmin, then turn on you or an NPC. Since the dogs probably have a higher Sequence than you, it helps to run up a bit and then enter combat mode as quickly as possible, so that the dogs have to waste their "double turn" running. It doesn't matter really, since you're close to the point where money stops being an issue in this game.
Warlord has a strategy which is a lot like mine: "You should have a Frag Grenade by now, so you throw it on the largest pack of dogs. The aim is to turn as many of them against you as possible. Then every turn you shoot some new ones - they will let the brahmin be and turn against you. If you have Sulik and Vic you should manage to kill them without serious problems. This way you can save all the brahmin." Just, well, try to get one of them killed at least.
If you don't manage to save a single brahmin (which happens if you leave the map without killing the dogs), things get a little buggy. Every time you talk to Grisham after that he'll demand $1500 from you. If you have IN 6 you can tell him they weren't worth that much, but this may trigger another bug which sends you back to the pastures, and paying him has no effect in any case.
South of the slaughterhouse you'll find an injured brahmin called Bess. Use Doctor on her (try until you succeed if your skill isn't below 25%, a Doctor's Bag won't do the trick) for 200 xp. She'll follow you around the town for as long as you don't enter any of the two underground areas, or enter any map outside of Modoc. If you bring her to Grisham, you can put her up for... slaughterhouse treatment (karma -5). Bess will be moved to the cattle pen north of the slaughterhouse. You can either go and talk to her, have second thoughts and open the gate to let all the cattle out (karma +10, but your town reputation will drop), or return to Modoc some time later for 100 Meat Jerky stored in a crate in the slaughterhouse. Your choice.
There may be other brahmin in the pen; if so, when you try to let them out they'll probably jam in the gate, being 2-hex critters. Placing yourself or a party member on one side of the gate helps them manoeuvre. After you release the brahmin, there will be a special encounter waiting for you somewhere in the wilds around Modoc...
If you leave the map after Bess gets out of the pen but before she gets off the map, she'll disappear and you don't get the karma rise or the reputation drop, and I don't see what would be the point of that.
Irrespective of your gender you can sleep with either Miria or Davin in Grisham's house if you have at least Charisma 8 (CH 7 with a positive town reputation). Grisham will walk in on you and wonder what's going on. If you have a decent Speech skill and slept with a person of the opposite sex, you can tell him a yarn about a medical examination and he'll buy that... or else, it's time for a little shotgun wedding. Congratulations, you just earned the Married reputation and an NPC you can't get rid of (in the normal way, at least). In any case you have to pick up all your stuff from the floor, which can be damn annoying if you have like 200 Stimpaks, so a good idea would be to put your equipment on your NPCs or in the nearby bookcase before you go knocking on anyone's door. Miria and Davin are both absolutely useless as NPCs and can't level up, so you shouldn't marry any of them, unless you're evil and plan to sell them into slavery. However, you should save and try it once just to see the shotgun wedding... hilarious!
There's a nasty bug here you have to look out for: if you sleep with Miria or Davin and don't follow through with the wedding, your party members stop following you; they will come with you from map to map but stay rooted except in combat mode. This can be fixed by either of the following: 1) Getting married. 2) Having the Val/Vic conversation in Vault City. 3) Watching the Vault 13 video sequence. 4) Watching the Brotherhood video sequence in SF. Note that even if you don't have any party members at the time, you will still experience the effects of the bug if you should ever pick up any.
More bugs: If you assassinate Grisham before sleeping with Miria or Davin, the game will freeze when he's supposed to walk in on you. If you assassinate Jo (or if he died fighting the Slags) the game will freeze as it tries to arrange the wedding ceremony. Another bug will strike if you sleep with a person of opposite gender and pull the doctor stunt, and Grisham is blocked from leaving the room so that he ends up moping in a corner. If you then sleep with either of them again there will be a permanent blackout. It's quite possible there are other combinations of circumstances here which lead to the same kind of problem.
Actually you can just run from Grisham instead of talking to him or waiting for the ceremony to begin, but then all of Modoc will turn hostile (and you get the party bug).
If you pick Miria, don't choose the "you know you want it" dialogue - even though it's not clear from the wording, you'll rape her and turn the townspeople hostile! Even stranger, female characters can do this too.
You get your new spouse for an NPC even if you're already at your NPC limit, but remember, if you then kick someone out you can't get them back again unless you kick another one out in their stead (and you cannot disband your spouse). Miria will gain 2 Antidotes and 4 Stimpaks after you marry her, Davin 1 Tool and 2 Stimpaks.
After you are married you will no longer be able to guard the brahmin or sell Bess if you didn't do that already. If you get Separated from your spouse, and then return to Grisham and tell him you think he or she is dead, he'll have a heart attack and die. I'm not sure this does anyone any good.
At the Bed & Breakfast in the north part of town you can order some interesting meals. You can break the record eating brahmin fries and get slightly poisoned. If you order a glass of water for $1000 (you can steal the money back), you get a Cookie with it. Eating a Wasteland omelet for $25 will restore your HP to full and cure poisoning. If Cornelius should die, Rose won't talk to you any more.
IN<4: You can get a free omelet every time you talk to Rose (but nothing else).
You'll hear rumours of a mystery chicken cooped up beside the inn... surrounded by a chainlink fence and guard dogs? This is begging to be investigated. Pick the door and kill the dogs once they attack; when that happens, sometimes traders nearby attack too, so you may want to be careful about this. If you don't want to fight the dogs you can open the door and leave the map; they'll be gone when you return. Also if you set off the toilet explosion the door in the fence may come ajar and the dogs will disappear. If you have ST 8 you can move the rocks in front of the door for 100 xp (I suppose Rose does this every time she goes to collect eggs), otherwise you'll have to plant some explosives. Open the door and step inside. That's some chicken. Since you've gone through the trouble of breaking in, kill it for the combat xp (if you can), but after you do, there'll be no more omelets available, naturally.
If you open the door to the henhouse but leave the map without killing the... um, chicken, it will kill everyone on the map, including idle NPCs! And if you ever come back, it will hunt you down... Oddly enough this does not affect your town reputation.
Farrel has a rodent problem in his garden. Remove the infestation 编辑
Farrel lives to the southeast of the B & B. He'll want you to kill some rats for him for 300 xp and no cash. The rats in question are more dangerous than most because some of them poison and radiate you if they hit you... so send in your NPCs who are immune to that sort of thing and use ranged weapons yourself. Look, free Rope for use with the town well.
If it seems like you've killed all the rats but the end of the quest hasn't triggered, look for extra rats in the woods to the right or off the edge of the map. More than once, however, I've been unable to finish this quest because a rat simply wouldn't show up. There should be six big ones and five small ones. Save before accepting the quest to be safe.
IN<4: You get a Cookie for a reward!
If you accuse Farrel of being a thief in quest 2 and/or 3, he won't give you this one if you didn't already get it.
If you don't wrap this quest up at once you may find that you killed all the rats but cannot tell Farrel you did, or that you can report success even though you didn't actually complete the task. This is because the butcher on Main Street uses the same flag that keeps track of whether you killed all the rats. To set the rats to killed, go to Main Street and rest until evening, watching for the butcher's float that signals the end of his workday, then return to Farrel; to have the rats set to non-killed so that you can return to the garden, visit Main Street in the day.
There are Rocks in the garden. Some can be tough to spot. Gotta catch 'em all!
Cornelius has lost his gold pocket watch. Find it and return it to him 编辑
Cornelius and Farrel aren't friends any more because Cornelius accused Farrel of stealing his watch. Cornelius is actually a wee bit senile but will give you this quest if you tell him he "needs serious help". On a hunch, head over to the toilet, open it and climb down. You'll arrive in a dung-ridden cave, blocked to the north by rubble. Plant some Dynamite (set it for 3 minutes, it doesn't really matter) in front of the rubble and use the ladder. Yes, this is the fabled "toilet explosion". Har! You just redecorated half of Modoc in a very creative manner, earning 500 xp in the process. Return down the ladder, go north, fight a lone rat and search its nest... for Cornelius' Gold Watch, and also a Shovel (that and the rake must be the lost tools Farrel was talking about), a Fruit, and a useful Bag! Now go back to Farrel or Cornelius, give either of them the watch and say the rat had it for 1500 xp.
If you assassinate Farrel, Cornelius will talk about nothing else (so you can't get or finish the quest if you didn't already), and if you say you did it all of Modoc will become hostile.
The placement of your Dynamite determines whether you take damage or not in the explosion as well as whether the rocks are cleared. Firstly, to trigger the toilet explosion proper the blast must "touch" the pile of rocks (being within 2 paces or so). Secondly, you and any NPCs will take damage if you're within the blast radius when you climb the ladder (the game always detonates explosives when you leave a map, hence why the timer wasn't important). If you're alone, you can easily avoid damage by setting the Dynamite as close to the rocks as possible, and if a party member is standing too close, prod him or her away before using the ladder. Saving first is of course recommendable in any case. It is actually possible (though unlikely) to survive the explosion if you stay down in the hole and hug a corner as the Dynamite goes off, but you might have difficulties with party members who insist on staying in the middle of the room ("Vic was hit for 6772 points of damage and was killed." Whee). If you do this, you still have to exit the toilet and go down again for the rubble to disappear, so there's nothing to be gained.
After the toilet explosion the Bed & Breakfast map switches to a new one altogether, which means that any items dropped here or put in containers (other than the lost and found box) will be lost. Dropped-off NPCs will manage the transition, though, with the exception of Laddie. This also means there are twelve new Rocks on the ground, a Spear by the junk heap and a new Shovel lying over at the stables. Also note there are Rocks down in the toilet and the mole rat cave (you won't find all of them unless you know exactly where they are). Collect them Rocks.
If you're having trouble finding the Bag, look at the lower tip of the crescent formed by the rat's nest. The Bag has the same graphics as a bag of coins, and the little brown "flag" is just visible above the pile of trash.
On the walls of the toilet you can find four goo-covered computer terminals and monitors. This is nothing but scenery. A little further down the cave you can find "cave art" on the walls.
Farrel wants you to find Cornelius' gold pocket watch. Find it and return it to Farrel 编辑
If you talk to Farrel he'll also ask you to find the watch, and doing so will strike out both quest entries. I'll use this space to describe two "evil" ways of finishing the quest. Firstly, you may notice a partly hidden "safe" (locker) in Farrel's house. If you try to open it, he'll tell you to scram. (If you try it again he'll turn hostile, but it's empty so don't bother.) Go to Cornelius and tell him Farrel is keeping the watch in his safe; they'll have a fight, and you'll have completed the quest for no xp and quite a reputation drop. Useless. The other way is to get the watch, return it to Cornelius and say Farrel had stolen it. This is worth 500 xp.
If you're taking advantage of the barter trick (see Arroyo quest 3) or the Bag bug to keep the watch, you can get xp for both quests by "giving" it to Farrel first, then going to Cornelius to reactivate the quest and handing it to him as well. After that the fun's over, though.
Jonny is missing. Find him and bring him home to Balthas 编辑
The leatherworker Balthas is missing his kid. To find this out you need PE 6, to offer to look for Jonny you need IN 6, and for Balthas to give you the quest your standing in Modoc must be Neutral or better. You won't find Jonny in Modoc (see Ghost Farm) but there's a minor diversion here. Go to the town well, remove the boards and use a Rope on the well. Climb down. On the ground here are a few coins (you trade in 1 karma for each coin... neither the karma amount nor the gold matters, so I'd take it just because you can) and, in the north end, a BB Gun. You can now return to Balthas and say you found Jonny's gun down the well, after which he'll believe Jonny is dead (plus he takes the gun, which is worth $300 fully loaded, so maybe this is not a good idea).
If you are Accepted in Modoc or better when you get the quest, Balthas will tell you to take Jonny's dog Laddie along with you (he'll join even if you're at the NPC limit). Follow Laddie over to the town well and talk to him for some great dialogue. Laddie will stay with you until Jonny has been found... and it's something of a give-away that he stays with you even after you hand Balthas the BB Gun. :)
If you have problems getting Laddie to follow you, try doing the Modoc quests in a different order. More specifically, don't start off by setting Bess free, since it will be difficult to recover from the big reputation drop. Doing some simple quest right off like guarding Grisham's brahmin or killing Farrel's rodents will make you popular enough.
Laddie will go into a permanent woofing mode if you bring Jonny's BB Gun to the main street map while Laddie is there (either because he's with you or because he was standing there anyway). This means you can't talk to him to drop him off (if he was in your party) or recruit him (if he wasn't, but he'll still join you if you did this before getting the quest). He'll also woof whenever you talk to him with the BB Gun in your inventory. If for some reason you want Laddie as a permanent NPC, ignore the BB Gun, or park Laddie on the B & B map while you get the rifle and sell it to Balthas or put it on one of your mules.
Silly as it may seem, this is the only time in the game you use a Rope. Don't these people realize that ropes are staple objects in CRPGs? You used tons of them in Wasteland.
Jonny's in the Slag caves. Find a way to get Jonny back home to Balthas 编辑
This will pop up once you talk to Jonny, if you got quest 4. Vegeir won't release Jonny until you've completed quests 7-8, but after that, he'll even give you an escort to Modoc, and then you can talk to Balthas for a Combat Leather Jacket and 2500 xp.
If you've left Laddie on another map than Modoc Main Street, he still won't rejoin your party after you rescue Jonny. The only way to keep him (if for some reason you want to) is to not bring Laddie to Jonny and not bring Jonny to Modoc.
Something strange is happening at the farm northeast of Modoc. Investigate and report back to Jo 编辑
Talk to Jo and ask about a G.E.C.K. and he'll give you this quest and put the Ghost Farm on the world map. Asking him to cut off his finger to seal the deal does nothing except lower your karma. Next head out to the farm. One way of completing this quest is to kill the Slags, then returning to Jo for 500 xp. He won't be very happy if you tell him those you killed were normal people and not ghosts, though. The better way is to talk to the Slags (see the Ghost Farm section) and get quest 7.
If you report that you killed the Slags, then leave the map and return, you can't buy stuff from Balthas or Jo any more. The same thing happens if the townspeople attack the farm during quests 7-8. You will be able to get free omelets from Rose, though (see below).
Deliver Slag message to Jo in Modoc 编辑
This means just bringing the Slag Message to Jo, and then you move on to quest 8 unless you immediately tell Jo you want to take no further part in what's going on, in which case you get 700 xp. People will then act a little weirdly: traders and townsfolk in Modoc will talk as if there's going to be a deal with the Slags, the Slags act as if they're waiting for it to happen, and Jo won't talk to you again at all. After 31 days Modoc will attack the Ghost Farm; see the next quest for details.
Whichever way you choose to deal with the Slag matter, from this point on Rose will allow you to riffle through the lost and found box and give you free omelets whenever you want them, but you won't be able to order any of the other stuff any more. The lost and found box is sometimes empty and sometimes has random items: Knives, Throwing Knives, Stimpaks, 10mm JHP, a Leather Jacket or a 10mm Pistol. On very rare occasions (1 chance in 200 every time you enter the map) you can find a 10mm SMG in there. If you're impatient you can exercise your Steal skill on the box, and due to what must be considered a glitch you can loot it freely if you stand on the hex just to the right of it.
IN<4: Stupid characters earn 2000 xp upon delivery of the note and trigger the happy ending for Modoc but do not get quest 8. You also get a discount on Jo's stuff, but only until you leave dialogue.
Jo is suspecious of the Slags. Find out about the dead bodies at the Ghost Farm and find out what happened to Karl 编辑
Feeling a bit "suspecious", Jo will give you a month (31 days to be precise, just enough time to go to the Den and back on foot) to prove the Slags are not dangerous. If you've been paying attention you shouldn't need it; inform him of the fake bodies (you can also ask Vegeir about those) and Karl being in the Den, and you'll have paved the way for an alliance between Modoc and the Slags for 3500 xp, plus you can now tell Karl to return to his home. Jo will tell you about Gecko but not actually put in on your map, and you also get a one-time discount big enough to get all his stuff if you trade back and forth for a while.
If for some reason you can't or won't find out about the bodies or Karl, you can tell Jo you want out (same 700 xp as before), or tell him to attack the Slags. The latter will teleport you to the Farm, where the townsfolk make a more formidable fighting force than you might have credited them with. Basically you kill a few guards and ghosts, and then the game assumes that everyone else on the farm was killed too (if you go down the manhole, Vegeir will be there alone for you to deal with). You don't gain any quest xp for this, and it spoils your chances of saving Jonny. If you fail to inform Jo of Karl and the bodies in 31 days, the townspeople will attack on their own with basically the same results (if you go to the Ghost Farm afterwards you may find some ammo and stuff lying on the ground at the farm).
If you don't give Jo the requested information right away, you must tell him about Karl before you tell him about the bodies, or you won't be able to tell Karl to return to Modoc.
If you run off the map during the attack on the Slags, the protectors and ghosts will be dead when you return and the Modoc people will have returned home, alive.
Ghost Farm 编辑
“ Oh no! Don't you know Rose uses dog in her dishes!? Laddie is probably a burger by now. ”
Once you arrive you find there are patches of blood on the ground and bodies impaled on stakes. Examining the bodies with a good PE, or after several tries, you notice they're all fakes. At night, white ghoulish shapes roam among the cornstalks, but if you approach them they don't sound really ghostlike.
There are two ways of getting in touch with the leader of the Slags. One is to walk over to the building and step on the carpet in the middle of the room, whereupon you'll fall 15 feet into a cave where you're greeted by some armed guards. The other is to wait until midnight, when a patrol appears outside the farm. Talk to them and surrender and they'll take you to Vegeir. If you should refuse to come with them, you'll pretty much have to fight everyone here.
Due to the nature and distribution of the various Slag critters, you don't have to kill everyone above and below ground for the "Slag counter" to reach zero so that you can report back to Jo (but if you're evil I suppose you'd want to do that anyway). Jonny and the protectors will disappear after you leave the map if the game considers the Slags exterminated by you, while the others remain until you've been back to Modoc.
Vegeir wants to strike a deal with Modoc and asks you to convey a message. Unless you accept, your only option is to shoot your way out. But whether you accept or not you're given the run of the caves, so you should take everything that isn't nailed down as usual. ("Youuuur power armour? I don't see your naaaame on it.") There's a hard-to-spot row of Shovels in the room under the pitfall.
To the north is a small map with children on it. One of them is Jonny, the son of Balthas. (If you have Laddie with you, he'll effectively leave your party and run up to Jonny as soon as you get here, providing you didn't kill Jonny already.) Talk to him (don't choose the "candy" line or he won't talk to you again!) and identify his father as Balthas or ask him to trust you (Speech check). After you've completed the Slag quests you can now talk to Vegeir to get Jonny safely back to Modoc.
If you're playing without children there won't be any here, naturally. So you can't find or rescue Jonny. Laddie will still run up to the invisible Jonny and stay there. Sucks, doesn't it?
If you talk to Jonny with Laddie around and fail to gain his trust, you won't be able to talk to Vegeir about him. If Laddie isn't with you, just hearing Jonny's name is enough.
Once you've delivered the message to Jo and allayed his suspicions, return to Vegeir and tell him the townspeople are ready to cooperate, and he gives you an Assault Rifle and 50 5mm JHP. That's pretty much it for this area.
IN<4: Vegeir won't know you delivered the message so you don't get any reward.
Vault City 编辑
“ PING! I Say! ”
—Vault City medical terminal
Vault City is the segregated town with a shabby Courtyard and a tidy inner city. It's not really a nice place, but that's no reason to start shooting people. The two people in the Greeting Office are completely useless, by the way. In here you'll also find Ben Wade who runs a caravan of medical supplies to Redding on the 1st of every even month and will pay you $1000 to accompany him. In a locker you find what is probably your first Geiger Counter; you can loot these specific containers in broad daylight.
Vault City is a good example of a place where people will tell you to stay away from lockers, shelves etc. But it doesn't hurt to try once!
This is one of two places in the game (New Reno being the other) where most people will have new things to say after you complete the game. You'll have access to the inner city and the vault even if you didn't before. This also means that unexplored quest options may be cut off as key figures only respond to you with floats or new dialogue. Randal's Amenities shop effectively shuts down, but you can steal stuff from him safely if you really must have something: just click on him until he stops talking and then loot him clean (this is the same bug that befalls Salvatore in New Reno).
Once you get to this part of the world map (if not sooner), money and bartering will become less balanced than it has been. Up until now you haven't always been able to trade for everything you wanted, right? Well, shortly your pecuniary problems should be no more. Just hang around till you get a random encounter like "merchant party fending off raiders", "raiders fending off raiders", "raiders being butchered by a mantis", or the like. Once the fight begins, get out of the way and wait until there are only a few people left to kill, then kill the rest if you don't like them. Loot the corpses for stuff like Combat Shotguns, H&K CAWS's or Assault Rifles, and from this point on you should be able to trade for anything you ever want in a shop, even with Barter at 30% or lower. Of course, you can also choose to run from such encounters for the opposite reason, that you don't want to spoil the balance just yet.
In a house by the brahmin pen you find Vic's old friend Ed. If you've talked to Vic about it and show Ed the Vault 13 flask, he'll put the Den, Modoc, Broken Hills, Redding and New Reno on your world map, though only Broken Hills and Redding should be really new to you. You get 500 xp for this.
Talking to himself, Ed will mention a brahmin which goes: "Moo, I say." This is a reference to the "talking brahmin" special encounter in Fallout. Moo.
Harry has a shop in the Courtyard, restocking every 3 days. South of the bar you find Curtis who lost his doll. The doll can be found behind a wall just to the north. When you return to Curtis you can either rip it up or give it back (100 xp in either case), but if you give it to him you can listen to his "dialogue" and go dig up a Wrench from under a pile of rocks a little further up. This will come in handy quite soon.
Sean Meskill notes: "After bartering with Happy Harry (you needn't make a purchase), a bunch of stuff will be dumped into his 'stealable' inventory and you can then pinch whatever you please." This stuff represents a selection of his normal shop inventory; he only gets it once, but will keep it unless you relieve him of it. Additionally, the Micro Fusion Cell and Leather Armor Mark II in his shop inventory do not restock.
In v1.0 Harry's inventory was kept in one of the shelves, and you could take it if you passed a Steal check, but failure would mean mortal combat.
Cassidy is the owner of the bar. Talk to him about life in Vault City and he'll join your party. You get 300 xp for this as well as a heck of a rifle shot. Also save once and use the Buffout you're probably carrying on Cassidy, but reload afterwards. If you return later there'll be an "Out of business" sign here.
Charlie's lying helpless in his tent west of the bar. Use your Doctor skill on him for 100 xp to determine he's suffering from radiation poisoning. Use a packet of RadAway on him for another 100 xp. Finally you get 100 xp more when he stands up and thanks you.
Kwiatmen666: "As long as Puking Charlie lies on the ground you can keep using RadAways on him getting 100 xp each time."
Nearby is a doctor who'll patch you up for money, though I doubt anyone would find his prices reasonable: between $225 and $500 for HP and crippled limbs except for eye damage, healing for one NPC (same ones as for Dr Troy below minus the Brain Bot) costs between $150 and $500 depending on how hurt the main character is, if you have more than one NPC this amount is tripled no matter how many of them are hurt, with CH 6 or Barter 75% you can take $100 off the price or $300 for multiple NPCs. The autodoc doesn't work too well and will malfunction 50% of the time when you pay for healing, which means you lose your money for nothing. Using Repair to fix the autodoc for 100 xp puts an end to this, and in fact you should do so or you could run into problems later, but you might also want to leave it as it is for a while. Andrew can also perform some other services. If you got the extra toes from the Toxic Caves goo, you can have them removed here for $500 ($300 with a discount), and in your inventory you get a Mutated Toe, which has a "use" at the end of the game. More to follow...
A bug: if you have only one NPC and have the car, you won't be able to ask for healing for the NPC. If you have two NPCs and the car you'll get the single-NPC rate, but if one of them is the Brain Bot again you won't be able to heal them.
You cannot ask for healing for yourself if you have crippled limbs but full HP. This also goes for Lenny, Dr Fung and some but not all dialogue nodes of Dr Troy.
If you didn't repair the autodoc yet, the toes will grow back in 30 days. This also happens if you return to the Toxic Caves and step in the goo after having the toes removed. This can be repeated indefinitely and you get a new Mutated Toe each time. Don't use the Toe on yourself or any party member since it will lower your Maximum Hit Points for some time, though not permanently.
IN<4: The autodoc will never malfunction for a stupid character. Also you can get two special perks here. After you purchase healing, you get the option to "ride agin"; select this and you gain the Autodoc Raised hit points perk which gives +2 to max HP. However, for each time you "ride the autodoc" after that, you gain a level of the perk Autodoc Lowered hit points which gives -2 HP instead. Also beware that these are bugged; if you click them on your character sheet the game will immediately crash. Sébastien Caisse adds: "What's really stupid is that the script which gives you the bonus checks your IN, and if you have IN 10, then you get +4 instead of +2... but, um... you need IN 3 or less to get the 'ride agin' prompt..." There goes the Autodoc Raised hit points II perk, I suppose.
Once you learn about combat implants from the medical database in the vault, you can return here and ask "Doctor" Andrew about them. The two kinds of dermal implants both add 5% to your Damage Resistance against normal and explosion damage. The two kinds of phoenix implants both raise your Damage Resistance to plasma, laser and fire weapons by 5%. Each Enhancement (which requires the you got the basic implant of that kind) will also lower your CH by 1 permanently, which I generally feel is not worth it until late in the game (plus those are really expensive). Here's what each implant will cost you (discount with CH 6 or Barter 75%):
Dermal Impact Armor: $7000 ($5000), 2 days.
Dermal Impact Asslt. Enhance.: $40,000 ($30,000), 5 days, CH -1.
Phoenix Armor Implants: $10,000 ($8000), 3 days (though he says two).
Phoenix Assault Enhancement: $50,000 ($40,000), 6 days, CH -1.
Each perk will also require you to part with a suit of normal Combat Armor; Combat Armor Mark II or Brotherhood Armor cannot be used for this purpose (this goes for getting the implants in Redding or San Francisco as well).
If you didn't fix the autodoc before getting an implant, you die. Funny, huh?
Your CH variable can actually drop below 1, although it's never treated as anything less than 1. You'll notice this "debt" if you later raise your CH by means of Mentats, Gain Charisma or the like. Same thing goes if you lose your ear in New Reno.
Wallace at the Customs Office will put the Den, Broken Hills and Redding on your world map. There's a number of ways in which you can enter the inner areas of Vault City:
Stroll into the Customs Office at night, pick the locker and take the Day Pass.
Stand behind the locker where Wallace can't see you, pick it and take the Day Pass.
With Speech 75% or IN 7 you can convince Wallace you must see the First Citizen (just pick the long, eloquent dialogue choices). He'll give you a Day Pass.
Offer to find the raider base. Do this (see Raiders) and return, Wallace will give you a Day Pass.
Talk to Wallace wearing only your vault suit, or the Bridgekeeper's Robes, and he'll slap a Day Pass on you faster than a gecko on Jet. This happens automatically if you talk to him with IN<4.
Tell Wallace you're a trader. If you have any (Golden) Gecko Pelts, (Refined) Uranium Ore or a Gold Nugget in your inventory you can show them to him, or if you have any humanoid party members other than Cassidy you can simply claim you're about to sell them into slavery. You can then fork out $500 for a Day Pass.
Pickpocket Wallace for a Day Pass.
If you know of the Jet problem in Redding, ask Wallace about Redding and say you know why the shipments have slowed. He'll give you a Day Pass.
Talk to Skeev and buy False Citizenship Papers off him for $200 ($150 with Barter 50%), then threaten to expose him and he'll give you $300 back! This is by far the best option. You can turn him in to Wallace, but this requires giving up your False Citizenship Papers (with Speech 75% you can ask for a Day Pass in exchange).
Talk to Skeev with an IN<4 character and you'll end up inside the vault as a "servant" (but you'll be able to leave without anyone reacting).
If you destroyed the Enclave you'll be allowed to enter, even if you were previously banned.
The reason Wallace will see your vault suit under the Bridgekeeper's Robes is simply that the game forgets to check for it when determining if the character is "naked". This bug affects some dialogues slightly - Lynette and the President, to name a couple - but only has any real effect on Wallace and Dogmeat.
With a Day Pass you can enter the compound during daytime only, but not enter the vault or use the biggest shop. You'll be searched for drugs (Buffout, Psycho, Mentats or Jet) and alcohol (all 5 kinds). Also some people will throw you out if they find you after 6 p.m. With False Citizenship Papers you can enter without being searched and use the shop but not enter the vault. If you get a Day Pass from Wallace (in a legit manner) you can get new ones for $50 each should you need them, though I can't figure out a reason why you ever would. By the way, when entering using the False Citizenship Papers, don't make the mistake of calling the First Citizen a "he", or mentioning "all the vaults".
As pointed out by Jaroslaw Zablotowicz, once you show the False Citizenship Papers to the gate guards and Randal you have no further need of them, even if you hand the papers over to Wallace.
Marcus and/or Lenny will not be allowed to enter the inner city unless you're Captain of the Guard. Incidentally, the guard's objections to them have been mixed up. Should you bring either of them inside anyway people will turn hostile, which is bad. Goris fits in just fine, apparently on account of his inconspicuous cloak.
IN<4: There are many people downtown who'll get you permanently banished from Vault City if you talk to them and wait for them to call the guards, such as Lydia, Dr Troy, Lynette (even if you wear only the vault suit, though the conversation is different) and McClure. The "Shamble off" option should always get you safely out of a conversation, though sometimes you can only choose between being thrown out or resisting. If you've had previous non-stupid dealings with them they may either treat you like any stupid character, or they may present you with no valid dialogue options, or they may just leave you be (Lydia will not call the guards on true citizens, for instance). There's a dialogue glitch when you talk to the gate guards for the first time: if you get two identical lines, the first leads to combat and the second ends dialogue.
Go to the Information Center and lament the death of books for one Deans Electronics and one Big Book of Science (IN 7 or Comprehension needed). Randal runs a very good shop with several books, Stimpaks for about $200, Leather Armor Mark II at $1000, and a Combat Shotgun for about $3000 as compared to maybe $6500 in NCR (well, if you have a decent CH anyway). Randal restocks every 3 days while the Sub-amenities shops restock every 2-3 days.
If you kill any of the three shopkeepers here you don't get their goods. Also you cannot use the barter button to trade with Randal before you get permission to do so.
If you press the barter button instead of asking Randal to trade you'll have to pay a more expensive rate, because you miss out on the barter modifier (he's one of several shopkeepers in the game who work that way). The Sub-amenities shops will offer you lower prices if you're not a citizen. The reason for this is that the person who coded Vault City and New Reno apparently thought the signs of barter modifiers worked the other way around (which also means Randal's stuff was not really supposed to be cheap).
In v1.0 the Sub-amenities shopkeepers kept their wares in containers in the shops and if you had decent Steal you could loot them clean, though failing a check would net you first a warning and then banishment - even if the shopkeepers were invisible at the time!
At the Servant Allocation Center you can sell some of your party members into slavery (Miria for $250, Davin for $200, Sulik for $100, Vic for $100, all doubled by a successful Barter check; Barkus will initially say he's offering $250 for Davin but it's a typo). Note that he'll only bid on one current party member, in the order given above, so if you're married you have to sell your spouse before you can sell Sulik or Vic. Any equipment on a sold NPC goes into the footlocker in the next room which you can loot at your convenience.
IN<4: Talking to Barkus in the Servant Allocation Center gets you inside the vault. You can leave any time you want to, and also talk to Barkus again at any time to get back in.
With PE 9 and IN 9 you can find a "hidden" conversation path if you ask Barkus where the servants come from... whee, or something.
In the Corrections Center you'll find Citizen Sergeant Stark who's a real asshole, though not the greatest asshole in all of Vault City (he probably wishes). Don't flash False Citizenship Papers in his face or he'll have you expelled from Vault City forever. Don't push the matter of his harassing Cassidy, either... yet. He'll tell you about the raiders, and in fact, once you mention the raiders to him you have to offer to go find them, or he'll accuse you of being one and attack! Stark will also give you quests 9 and 10. If you want a free suit of Metal Armor, open the second locker from the top, standing behind it as seen from the nearby guard.
If you become Captain of the Guard and talk to Stark with Cassidy in your party, you can order him to pardon Cassidy and pay him restitution. This will earn you $500 and 500 measly xp. If you're wondering how to become Captain this is described in the NCR section, quest 3.
After you become Captain you can also loot some containers that you couldn't before. The four buildings where you can do this are the Corrections Center, the small building opposite, the small building closest to the exit grid in the council area, and the Customs Office. You will notice that these containers are all watched by officials or guards in metal armour; regular citizens will not let you take their stuff.
There's a cheat you can use to enter the vault without citizenship. Move up close to the opening, enter combat mode and run onto the exit grid. It doesn't piss off the guards, either. "Hello Mr Evil Spy Marauder, no way you'll get past us, oh, except if you come barging like a homicidal maniac."
If you move on to the third Vault City area, you'll find a few uninteresting buildings, a seemingly uninteresting bar and the Central Council. There are three people to see here: Gregory, McClure and Lynette. Gregory will issue the ridiculously difficult citizenship test. It is possible to pass and become a citizen right away, but you need to boost the right stats (PE 9, IN 9 and LK 9). The physical examination will disqualify you if you've grown extra toes in the Toxic Caves and didn't have them removed yet. You get 1000 xp if you pass the test.
McClure in the western room is the sane person in this outfit. Whenever you want something done, you go to him. The brave can take the other direction and turn right down the hall... Congratulations, you have found First Bitchizen Lynette, universally hated by Fallout 2 gamers. If at any time you really piss her off, she's apt to ban you from Vault City permanently (like if you show her False Citizenship Papers; she'll promise you a Day Pass if you tell her who gave you the papers, but she's lying). Nevertheless you should get quest 4 from her. McClure and Lynette can both put Gecko on your world map.
Once you learn of the Jet problem in Redding you can inform McClure of it for 250 xp. A large number of people in New Reno and Redding can tell you about this, but those who will let you report back to McClure are Dr Johnson, Ascorti, Myron, Reed, Renesco, Little Jesus and Father Tully. After you get the Jet Antidote to Doc Johnson, again tell McClure about it for 2500 more xp. Don't ask him for a reward, however, or you don't get any xp, just $500.
If you have an exceptional Luck, go to the Parlour Room bar, order some alcohol-Z and keep doing so (weighing down the 2 key works fine). After you have bought 100 of them (costs $2000 in all; each one also heals 3 HP whereas if you order water it only heals 1 HP) you may gain a special perk that changes your Maximum Hit Points as follows (thanks to Geoffrey Bateman and Sébastien Caisse for the information):
LK 1: Alcohol Lowered hit points II (HP -4)
LK 2: Alcohol Lowered hit points (HP -2)
LK 9: Alcohol Raised hit points (HP +2)
LK 10: Alcohol Raised hit points II (HP +4)
Entering the vault, on level 1 you'll find the medical facilities. You'll want Doctor 75% to do everything here. First off, if you have that level of skill you can talk medicine with the doctor and he'll give you the Vault City Training perk which gives you +5% to Doctor and +5% to First Aid (see quest 3 first, though). After you've got the Vault City Training, if you come here to treat poisoning or radiation, you'll be able to ask for the Vault City Inoculations perk which gives you +10% Poison Resistance and +10% Radiation Resistance. Not that it's much to shout about, but every little bit helps. Dr Troy will offer free healing (HP, poison, radiation and crippled limbs except for eye damage), and if you're Captain you can also get him to heal NPCs except for Dogmeat, K-9, the pariah dog or any inferior Brain Bot.
If you become Captain of the Guard, you can bring Lenny and Marcus here without Dr Troy entering combat mode. If you let him heal Marcus, you end up with some extra ammo: 20 7.62mm, 50 5mm JHP, 20 9mm ball, 24 10mm JHP, 10 .45 caliber, 40 .44 Magnum JHP, 40 .44 magnum FMJ and 50 .233 FMJ! Be careful not to talk to Lynette with either of them in your party, though... she'll throw you out of Vault City for good.
Talking to nurse Phyllis you can do a lot of stuff:
Convince Phyllis to see the outside world (choose the "similarity of citizens" path): 300 xp.
With Doctor 75% and PE 6 you can get Phyllis to talk to the doctor about potential sterility in Vault City (choose the "no children" path) for 300 xp.
Male characters only can date her for 100 xp if they have CH 6 and one of the following: Sex Appeal, Kama Sutra Master, CH 9 or Speech 75%.
Male characters only can donate a sperm sample in the no children thread. With IN 4 you get 50 xp, with IN 5-6 you get 250 xp, and with IN>6 you get 500 xp. If you ask for a magazine you get a Cat's Paw Magazine!
With Doctor 75% you can get information on combat implants from the medical database for 500 xp if you access it using Science. Search the database 22 more times. You'll get a new message. Search the database 30 more times. You'll get a new message. Then just 2 more times, and you get a "secret" message. The doctor here won't perform the implant surgery, but there are others who are less conscientious.
Generally you need a certain Science proficiency (51% here, though Doctor 76% will do as well) to use computers. Also if you don't have IN 4 you usually can't use them no matter how high your Science skill. Computers that can be used for something are almost always called something other than "computer" when you move the mouse pointer over them, like in this case "Vault City medical terminal", but there are exceptions.
If you got the clue from the Magic 8-Ball (see New Reno), use the computer nearest to the entrance to gain 2 Stimpaks and 1 Super Stimpak.
On level 2 of the vault, just pick the doors if needed (Lockpick 80% should do it) and loot the footlockers. Be sure to pick up the Computer Voice Module. The crates only contain Water Chips - which are, incidentally, an exception to the principle of "take everything". Maybe you'll want one for fun, but really there's no reason to bother. Two of the doors can only be opened with a ST of 8 or higher (7 if you use a Crowbar), which is kind of ironic, since behind one of them resides the Red Memory Module which will (much) later raise your ST. Take a couple of Buffouts if you have to, make sure not to get addicted. Or just come back here once you have the Power Armor, but there's some nice ammo to be had, so it's probably worth the chems to get it now.
Fix (Repair) the rattling vent for 100 xp and 50 Micro Fusion Cell. You need PE 6 to notice that it's rattling, or if you don't you can go to level 3 and wait until the central computer says that it's detected an obstruction in the ventilation system, then return to level 2.
On level 3, loot both the locker room and the armoury for some juicy stuff. Go to the lowermost computer in the leftmost room and use Science on it for 350 xp. Do you remember that the other computer in that room could be used for the same purpose in Fallout? Well, in this vault you can't. But if you read the secret message in the medical database, this is where you'll go after accessing the central computer when you've completed the game. You'll then be able to use this terminal for 20,000 xp each time. Hm, pointless if you ask me.
On this floor you'll usually find Martin (though he will be on level 2 if you enter the vault between 2 a.m. and 7 a.m.), who's singing "Maybe". It's a good song, so don't tell him to stop. In fact, you can get infinite karma (+1 each time) if you compliment him on his singing.
If you've entered the vault illegally or by being stupid you may want to stay away from the armoury, since there's a bug that can trap you in there forever. This is the door that Martin is keeping an eye on, so if you try to open it, he'll "stop" you by entering combat mode. (He won't attack, but your NPCs may attack him!) To enter the room anyway, toggle Sneak mode, pick the door and open it, but oddly you cannot use the same method to get out. You can't get party members to open the door, either - they just pass through it like ghosts. Killing Martin or scaring him away does not help, since the actual bug is that the door checks if it sees you, not if Martin sees you. There are two ways to avoid this. One is simply being a citizen (which you'd normally be if you're inside the vault), in which case Martin won't stop you opening the door. Also if he's on level 2 it will be OK. The armoury contains some guns (free 10mm SMG), grenades and ammo, but nothing important.
The central computer is the talking one in the room to the right. Using it you get Vault 15 on your world map, and if you have PE 7 there is also a mysterious slot to plug in your Pipboy (you'll notice it when you log off the computer). Doing so gives you a "Vault City Travel Log" entry in your Pipboy and will put New Reno, Redding, Broken Hills, NCR and Vault 15 on your world map if they weren't there before. You must have noticed this slot to get the "desginer notes" and use the xp computer after finishing the game.
IN<4: Reaching into the computer will give you an electric shock and damage depending on your current Hit Points (it will never kill you, even if you're at 1 HP). Apparently this was also supposed to raise your Damage Resistance to electrical damage, but it doesn't. As long as you open the computer (you don't have to get shocked) you can get the travel log without the PE requirement.
Deliver Moore's briefcase to Mr. Bishop in New Reno 编辑
Thomas Moore stands in the inner city preaching. If you play along, and providing Bishop is not dead, Moore will give you a briefcase to deliver to New Reno (which shows up on the map). If you happen to piss him off in conversation, you can always mollify him again unless you're a Slaver. Just don't ask him for payment or threaten to turn him in, or he'll put a note in the briefcase telling Bishop to kill you on arrival... which is bad. You get 500 xp and $250 for a successful delivery. Note that you must take this quest if you want to do missions for Bishop later.
After you've made the delivery and learned Moore is an NCR agent, you can turn him in to Lynette for 500 xp. I see no problem with this since Moore is a fanatic, you don't lose any karma, and Bishop doesn't care. Just don't mention brahmin maulings or you won't be welcome in Vault City for much longer. If you're not a citizen you can only do this when you show Lynette Bishop's Holodisk.
From the Fallout Bible: "Two Super Stimpaks should appear in Bishop's inventory after you deliver the right case." They do, too!
Slavers can actually get this quest providing they have CH 9 or Speech 96%.
Get a plow for Mr. Smith 编辑
Smith lives in a tent in the north part of the Courtyard. He needs a plow which Harry is selling. Simply buy the plow for Smith ($800, $600 with Barter 51%) and he'll repay you with 250 xp, a Desert Eagle .44 and 20 .44 Magnum JHP. You can ask $150 from Smith in advance, but then you don't get the other reward so you can figure how good that is.
Deliver a sample of jet to Dr. Troy 编辑
Getting this quest is a little tricky. First you must have Doctor 75% so that you qualify for the medical tour. There are now two non-obvious dialogue paths that lead to this quest. Tell him that you're something of a doctor, and when he offers the tour, either try to leave conversation directly, or else take the tour, but directly afterwards leave conversation. (You can always take the tour later, but there's no reason not to do it right away.) In either case he'll stop you and ask if you, being an outsider, could do him a special service, namely smuggle some Jet into the vault (see quest 7 for details on how to do that). Give it to him for $1000 but no xp. If you have Jet in your inventory when you get the quest, you can ask $1200 for it with Barter 75%, or $1500 with Barter 95%; doing this will also provide you with an extra (inconsequential) line if you have Chem Reliant or are addicted to Jet. Anyway, if you return three months later he'll have churned out two doses of Jet Antidote for you, which you should take to Doc Johnson in Redding; see that section for the rest.
The time needed for the doctor to produce the antidote on his own can be shortened to one month if you've talked to Myron about Jet production; when handing over the Jet, start the dialogue thread that begins "you don't want to inhale that crap". If you have Myron with you at this point the two of them will compare notes, but it's not necessary. For this you get 750 xp. However, you cannot get these xp if you have the New Reno quest active, so you should first do this and then talk to Myron to get the New Reno quest before Dr Troy can make an antidote to maximize your xp.
If you tell Dr Troy you're Captain of the Guard he sensibly won't ask you to smuggle Jet for him.
There's also an unlikely way to get only 500 xp and shorten the time needed to make the antidote to two months. For this you must talk to Myron about Jet before he joins you, and leave dialogue once he says "And that's all yer ever gonna learn" (you need some IN and Science to get there). Then go to Troy and hand him the Jet without having Myron in your party.
Instead of taking the quest, you can blackmail Troy for $500 each month ($1000 with Barter 75%, if you press him for more he'll call the guards). If you do, don't ever go to him for medical treatment or you'll get hit for 6999 Hit Points or so... but you also get some really funny dialogue. :) If you don't like him much you can turn him in to Lynette and he'll be removed from Vault City (you must be a citizen or Lynette will remove you instead). You can't talk to Phyllis any more if you do this.
You won't get this quest if you've already told him about the endorphin blockers after talking to Myron, so do all this in the right order, OK? In case you're not sure which that is, see quest 7 in New Reno.
In v1.0 you would always be offered this quest after leaving dialogue with Dr Troy for the first time. It was supposed to be like that in the updated script as well, but a little bug snuck in (gasp).
The Jet Antidote is slightly bugged. Firstly, if you are addicted to Jet when you use it, you don't lose the dose. Secondly, you can use it to raise your stats permanently, although this is a pointless kind of cheating. In any case here's one way of doing it which works for me most of the time. All you need is a supply of Jet and one Jet Antidote. Step 1: use 2 or more Jet, making sure you get addicted, then 1 Jet Antidote. Step 2: rest for 24 hours (the game will exit from the Pipboy automatically). Step 3: repeat step 1. Step 4: rest for a few days, then check your stats. For every repetition of the cycle after the first, your ST and PE should go up by 1 and your AP by 1 or 2. Fun, eh?
Solve the Gecko powerplant problem 编辑
Talk to Lynette about becoming a citizen, until she mentions you could become a citizen by doing Vault City a special favour. Continued in the Gecko section, quest 1. If you return and tell Lynette you destroyed the plant, she won't be happy; if you mention anything about a reward, she'll even ban you from VC forever (she likes doing that). If you tell her you fixed the plant, she won't be happy either, and again will throw you out of town if you talk back to her. If you tell her you took care of the problem but don't mention fixing the plant, she's OK with it, but you don't get any kind of reward. Talk to McClure instead once you fix the plant and he'll make you a citizen of Vault City. Now you can go and tease Lynette. :)
It doesn't matter if you pick the line about Lynette blocking your citizenship or not before going to get the Hy-Mag. McClure will always make you a citizen once you fix the reactor. Of course, that won't stop Lynette from tossing you out for any of the reasons she usually would.
Deliver Lynette's holodisk to Westin in NCR 编辑
If you've killed the raiders and bring Bishop's Holodisk from New Reno to Lynette, you get 2500 xp and this quest. NCR will appear on the map if it wasn't there already. Pretty straightforward; see NCR for details on how to reach Westin. Giving the disk to him reaps you 2000 xp. If you return without the Westin Holodisk you get $1000, otherwise you "only" get the reward for that quest but no money.
If Westin is dead when you deliver Bishop's Holodisk, you logically don't get this quest, but you do get the 2500 xp, as well as $500 if you don't ask for a reward.
Rescue Amanda's husband, Joshua 编辑
Amanda lives in the eastern corner of the Courtyard. Joshua is in the Servant Allocation Center in the inner city. If you talk to Barkus you can arrange Joshua's release in one of several ways:
Offer a bribe (from $250 to $1000 depending on your Barter skill).
Make something up about a mysterious disease which Joshua has contracted (Speech 80% or Doctor 75%).
If you're a citizen, you can tell Barkus Joshua is a bad influence on the other servants or that he may be infected (Speech 75%).
If you're Captain you can just order his release.
In either case you get 500 xp if you set him free. Go to his tent in the Courtyard and talk to his wife for an added reward of $32.
You won't get the quest if you're a Slaver or a Childkiller or if your karma is less than 0.
After you collect the reward, Joshua and his family will leave once you exit the map, so make sure you get the Wrench from Curtis first.
If you're male you can ask Amanda for sex as payment instead of money. Sorta cruel.
Deliver beer and booze (10 each) to Lydia 编辑
Lydia the bartender complains there is no real booze to be had (if you broach the topic, at any rate), and asks you to smuggle 10 Beer and 10 Booze, which you should easily have been able to accumulate (if you knew this quest was coming, anyway), into the city. This can be accomplished easily by either a) being a citizen, b) being in possession of False Citizenship Papers, c) dropping the booze before being searched and then picking them up after the gate opens, or d) putting the stuff on your party members as you're entering the city, as they are apparently above suspicion. Those guards are kinda dumb. Your reward is $300 and 250 xp. By the way, Lydia can put Gecko, Broken Hills, Redding and New Reno on your world map.
Deliver pliers (tools) and a wrench to Valerie 编辑
Valerie in the Maintenance building will complain that the Super Tool Kit she ordered hasn't arrived yet. Simply give her a Tool (if you didn't bring one from Klamath or the Den, one of the Amenities shops carries it) and the Wrench from before for $50 and 250 xp. Wait one day (a good window to do quest 9 for Stark and enter Gecko for the first time) then return for your bonus reward, a brand new Super Tool Kit. The funny thing is, if you reload and don't give her the tools, the tool kits won't arrive at the same time they would have if you had... er, never mind. You can steal the extra 4 Super Tool Kits from Val if you're a greedy bastard (it doesn't appear to interfere with her ability to carry on with her job). She will now upgrade a few weapons for money, and cheaper than the competition (see table in the Items section). As with Andy you get a discount if you have CH 6 or Barter 75%. Getting a .44 Magnum (Speed Load) or Super Cattle Prod isn't too bad, but there's a free upgrade coming up in Gecko.
If Vic is with you there'll be a long conversation between him and Valerie, who happens to be his daughter. When that's over with, talk to her again for the quest. After you bring her the tools you can talk to Val about Vic, and if you have CH 8 or Speech 75% you can tell her to give him a chance for 250 xp.
If you're playing a game without children you obviously can't get the Wrench from Curtis. In this case there's a Wrench in one of the mine headquarters in Redding you can pick up without too much trouble, plus there's one in the vault if you have access to that (or use the combat mode trick). Another way is to try to find a ghoul caravan along the Gecko-Broken Hills trade route, since they carry Wrenches.
If you're upgrading the Cattle Prod, don't ask for the discount! There's a bug which makes her return a normal Cattle Prod instead of the upgraded version. Just pay the full $750 and you'll get the real thing.
Scout the eight sectors around Gecko and return to Stark 编辑
Just run a circle around Gecko (which Stark puts on your world map) and return for $300 and 350 xp.
Enter NCR and return to Stark 编辑
Next he'll want you to go to NCR. Do this at the earliest convenience, and make sure to visit the Hubologist and get your Luck boost while you're there. Return for $500, 750 xp and a free Motion Sensor. Neato. Needless to say taking this quest puts NCR on your world map.
Gecko 编辑
“ Apples rule. If it weren't for a conspiracy on the part of fruit manufacturers we'd all have apples. ”
—Wooz
Gecko is a small town inhabited by ghouls and dominated by an atomic reactor, which is for some reason still running after all these years. Although the people in Vault City babble about radiation, you really don't have to take any Rad-X while you're here. Nor are the ghouls vicious killers. In my first game I was a little scared going here for the first time. :)
Well, it was a little more dangerous in v1.0 because of a bug that would make some ghouls attack you unprovoked, ruining your chances of finishing quests in Gecko. Jeremy Lowe: "There are three (in my experience) who do this: one of the ghouls in the first shack on the right as you enter the junkyard; a ghoul lurking behind the Harp bar (makes it very tricky to get into the plant); and a ghoul guard in the power plant - he's the one in the long corridor beside the entrance to the reactor core proper." Tim Weber chips in: "I don't know about the first two ghouls, but the last one, near the reactor core, will always attack me whenever I contact the Enclave on the computer. Other than that he just leaves me alone. (Unless of course I cause a meltdown, but that's hardly surprising.)" When I tested it myself the two nameless glowing ones in the reactor building would enter combat, and also the guard in the long corridor if I did the Enclave thing. The bug is caused by incorrect variable assignment, so there's no telling what will set off any particular ghoul.
At the Harp, Wooz will give you a free pack of "Tragic" cards if you get him to tell you about the game. You can play with him if you like; each game will either cost you or win you one pack of cards. You can win with a pretty low Gambling skill, but it's not really worth the time.
Lenny the doctor (standing about with Harold in the building marked Manager's Office) will heal you: HP and crippled limbs except for eye damage, NPCs except for Laddie, the pariah dog or any inferior Brain Bot, charges nothing if you have no money or if you talked to him about your ancestor the Vault Dweller, else just a nominal fee. After you talk to him about your ancestor he'll also join up with you if you have at least karma 1 (though you may want to hold this off for now - see note for quest 1). Doing so gives you +5 karma and makes you more liked in Gecko, so go for it even if you're dropping him off directly afterwards.
In the power plant, you'll need a yellow and a red keycard to pass the first door you encounter marked with each of these colours. The guard directly ahead of you as you enter has both, if you want to steal them, else you can just pick them up from various containers. Percy has a Yellow Pass Key in his house for the taking. You'll find a blue one as well, but it has no use... in this location.
For some funny comments, try to Sneak past some ghouls in the plant.
Percy in the junkyard has a shop with very fair prices (restocks every 3 days) and will also give you quest 5 below. Skeeter will upgrade weapons (see table in the Items section) and in the leftmost room of his house you'll find what is quite possibly your first set of Lockpicks. Lumpy in the shack north of Skeeter's will put Broken Hills on the world map if you ask him about his name and follow the conversation.
If you press barter instead of asking Percy to barter in dialogue you'll have to pay "normal" prices for his stuff.
Skeeter is afflicted with the same bug as Eldridge in New Reno, so that if you have Barter 91% or more he'll do upgrades for free.
Talk to Harold to get this quest in Gecko. (No matter if you get it here or in VC it pops up for both towns in your Pipboy.) First off, the evil way of finishing this, which includes blowing up the power plant. There are three ways to do this, all of which require you to go to the room next to the reactor room:
Firstly, the way of the robot. Access the computer and initialize it using the codes containing the letters A, B and C in that order. Next you'll have to figure out how to operate the robot. Choose the coolant maintenance sequence, read the instructions on how to operate the robot, then enter a program. If you don't want to use trial and error, the correct sequence corresponds to the order of the planets starting with the outmost and going inwards... and if that doesn't mean anything to you, examine the machinery around the rim of the reactor and direct the robot to each one in turn. Then add the command to shut the coolant valve. Once the robot accomplishes this, you get 550 xp and turn all the ghouls in the plant hostile!
Next, the way of the seriously radiated. Instead of using the robot you could walk over to the valve and shut it yourself, but you and any party members take 10 damage for each few steps you take in the reactor room. You need to use the valve three times to shut it (with a ST check for each attempt), after which you'll take 15 damage instead. Not really recommended... and taking Rad-X will not alleviate the damage, only protect you from being permanently radiated. Plus you get no xp.
Finally, the way of the devious is to simply hand the Clipboard with the coolant report to Hank, and the dumbass will do your work for you. Plus, you can get the hell out of there while he lumbers over to the coolant valve. You get 550 xp for this also.
While you're fiddling with the computer, there's a great sequence which is rather easy to miss. Choose the option to "Initiate general maintenance sequence", and try to download the code (you need Science 50% for this). Enter the codes with the letters X, Y and Z in that order, then choose "List other stations" and "More". Choose any of the first two dialogue options, and look... a talking head! You can have a great time chatting with this dude, but it doesn't actually do anything (i.e. no gunships show up with gatlings blazing or anything).
After you've started the meltdown, you and your party members (except Lenny) will take hits from radiation as you battle your way out (unless you managed to run out while Hank or the robot was going to the valve). There's no time limit; you can actually stay for as long as you want, providing you can handle the damage and radiation. You get another 2500 xp when you leave the reactor, which is now impossible to re-enter (it's not as if you'd want to). Ghouls in the town outside will only attack if you talk to them, and named ghouls like Skeeter, Harold or Wooz don't turn hostile at all - unless you start fighting other ghouls nearby. 24 hours afterwards everyone in Gecko will be gone, including Lenny if he was there but not in your party (taking with him any equipment he was carrying), but excepting Lumpy and the dogs in the junkyard. Congratulations, you are evil.
If you leave the map while Hank is going to the valve, the plant is destroyed but you don't get the extra 550 xp. This also happens if you enter the robot commands in the order 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 (note that this is the wrong order, it's a bug) and send the robot on its way, even though it never reaches the valve.
If instead you want to do good, then you'll have learned from Harold that all the reactor needs is a good hydrospheratic magnulator or something of the like. Return to Vault City... but don't tell Lynette the good news, or she'll ban you from VC forever (did I mention she likes doing that?). Instead talk to McClure and he'll tell you to get the hydramagolator from Randal in the Amenities shop. If you have the Gecko Holodisk you'll be giving it to McClure at this time (see quest 2 below). Go to Randal and pick up the part (animated picture, cool). Once you get back to the Gecko plant there are again three ways of installing the part:
Run like heck through the reactor room, taking 10 damage every few steps, use the part on the machinery with the red wheel (Repair check) for 4000 xp, then run like heck out of there. This is still kinda dumb.
Talk to Festus. He's dubious, so you must make a Speech check to get him to install the part for 4250 xp.
Go through the robot procedure, same program as before except the last step is installing the part instead of shutting off the coolant valve. 4500 xp for this.
As above you can enter the commands in the incorrect order 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 and then leave the plant to fix it for 4000 xp, providing the robot has the part. No point in this, of course, but this is the nearly ultimate guide so there you have it.
If you fiddled with the robot controls before getting the Hydroelectric Part, you must choose "Back" and "Initiate Repair Sequence" for the part to be transferred to the robot.
Note that after you've gone through all that trouble to fix the plant, you can still use the robot or manual way of turning off the coolant valve for 550 more xp (if you used the robot) and 2500 xp for blowing up the plant. Similarly you can sabotage the plant and then use the Hydroelectric Part for 4000 xp (manual) or 4500 xp (robot) before the plant blows up.
From Sebastian Cassten: "If you let Festus install the Hydroelectric Part for you and use the barter trick to keep it, you can afterwards do the 'running way' and get 4000 xp more." If the plant is already optimized when you do this, it will be un-optimized and you'll be able to do that entire quest all over again.
Leaving the power plant while the robot is still walking can cause it to get stuck. In this case you can go into the reactor and steal the part from the robot, or kill it, and do the repairing yourself.
Go to Harold after fixing the plant, ask him what he does and tell him of your ancestor. He'll give you 3 Super Stimpaks and 5 Stimpaks. You can only access this thread once, so make sure you follow the conversation right up to the end. Also if you ever got into Lenny's thread about the G.E.C.K. ("Vault 13 owes us one") then you won't get the Stimpaks, because the same variable is used to determine if you've been through either thread.
Optimize the powerplant 编辑
Obviously you can only finish this is if you installed the part instead of shutting down the reactor. After you've fixed the reactor, talk to Festus again and he'll give you a Reactor Holodisk to take to the Vault City central computer. Since you fixed the plant McClure will make you a citizen, so you'll have access to the vault. If you talk to McClure about optimizing the reactor before telling him you repaired it, he'll have the data optimized for you, saving you the trip into the vault. In any case, return to Festus with the optimized disk and use it on the reactor computer for 2500 more xp.
There's another way you can go about this for a few more xp. In the junkyard, go down the manhole in the shack to the left of the abandoned reactor building and you'll find a few access tunnels guarded by ghouls. There's a tough ghoul named Zomak standing by the entrance to the cave, who has some stuff for thieves to steal. In the back of the cave you find The Brain, a mutated mole rat who plans to take over the world. Sound familiar? Just go along with whatever he says and he'll give you a Talisman (which doesn't do anything) and tell you to talk to Gordon about optimization data. This tunnel crawl isn't strictly necessary since Gordon will give you the Gecko Holodisk even if you don't speak to the rat at all, providing you talk to him before you repair the reactor (or after you optimize it, but then you'd have scant use for the disk).
If you carry any Cheezy Poofs in your inventory, the rat won't talk to you until you've given him all of them to eat. If you refuse to part with them, he'll attack. If you've killed Keeng Ra'at, The Brain will muse upon the passing of his "sole remaining kin" the first time you initiate dialogue.
Anyway, when you talk to Gordon he'll do Gordon Gekko's routine from Wall Street, and you can agree to bring the aforementioned disk to someone in Vault City. McClure is the obvious choice here; you get 750 xp for handing it to him. You can go to The Brain after all this is done but he has nothing useful to say. Gordon will give you another holodisk after you talk to the Brain if you got the first one without having done so.
If you talk to McClure about the Gecko Holodisk after you fix the plant but before you talk to Festus about optimization, you end up not giving the disk to McClure. You must then get the Reactor Holodisk from Festus before you can make another attempt. Note that you'll miss out on the 750 xp if you optimize the data before giving the Gecko Holodisk to McClure (for a non-citizen, carrying the Gecko Holodisk when you hand him the Reactor Holodisk is enough).
If you got two Gecko Holodisks from Gordon (bug), you can give both of them to McClure (also bug). If you're not a citizen, you have to give the first one to him when you tell him about the needed part, and the second when you give him the Reactor Holodisk. The other way is to show him a Gecko Holodisk after fixing the plant and becoming a citizen, but before getting the Reactor Holodisk from Festus. After you get the Reactor Holodisk, McClure will take both Gecko Holodisks off your hands. (In fact, at this point you can exploit the Bag bug and hand him any number of disks.) Just don't keep both in your inventory when you hand him the first one, since he'll take all you have.
In v1.0 you can complete this quest by taking the Reactor Holodisk straight to the terminal without bothering to analyse the data.
If you optimize the plant you sort of condemn the ghouls... since then you get the bad ending for Gecko, where VC annex them to gain full control of the power plant. To get the "neutral" ending, fix but don't optimize the plant. See Endings for more details.
Get super repair kit for Skeeter 编辑
Ask Skeeter in the junkyard about car parts, and he'll trade you a Fuel Cell Controller (the thing needed to run the car in the Den) for a Super Tool Kit. Normally you'll have the one Valerie gave you, or Smitty in the Den may have one to barter (40% chance every time he restocks, actually). If you already have the kit he asks you for it right away. 250 xp is in this. If you kill him the part will appear on his body and the other ghouls won't care.
Before the patch, you could steal the car part from Skeeter, but then again, before the patch you could get the car without the Controller, as well.
Get 3-step plasma transformer for Skeeter 编辑
Skeeter will ask for this when you bring him the Tool Kit, if at the time you are carrying at least one weapon that he can upgrade. Jeremy in the reactor has the part in question. Steal it from him, or give him a Part Requisition Form. The latter can be found in Harold's house and on Festus. If you ask Festus for it, you can make up any of four excuses and get it if you pass a Speech check or if he likes you; you can also steal it off him, if you like that better... or barter for it. Whatever. Return to Skeeter and he'll give you 350 xp and a free weapon upgrade, which means you should get the .44 Magnum (Speed Load). Yum! If you don't want to wait for Skeeter to give you the quest, just bring the part to him (you can get it from Jeremy without having the quest active).
You can actually steal the part and then get one more for each Requisition Form... and Skeeter will perform one free upgrade for each one. You even get the 350 xp each time. Well, why not go for a Scoped Hunting Rifle? Note that you have to give him something to upgrade before you can get another reward.
Find Woody the ghoul for Percy. Try the Den 编辑
Go to the Den (Percy puts it on your map, though I've a feeling you've been there) and pay the Great Ananias $25 to see the mummy. Turns out it's Woody. Wake him up and watch him run for 1000 xp. Return to Percy for your reward of 4 RadAway and 3 Rad-X. Not that you will ever find a use for those in this game...
Raiders 编辑
“ Wish I had some other map I could go to. ”
Wallace and Stark in Vault City will both ask you to find the base of the raiders who plague them. It's not as hard to find as they make it out to be - it's the conspicuous green circle south-southwest of Vault City. The raider base has two entrances, one through a cave ("Cliff") and one through a manhole ("Well"). The first time you come here you end up by the manhole if you pass a difficult Outdoorsman check or if you read the Raiders Map, else you will find yourself outside the cave opening.
If you finish the game and wonder why there's an unused button on the world map screen, it's supposed to be the Raiders button. Before the patch it did show up, but mislabelled "Arroyo". It seems they didn't quite manage to fix it.
Notice how the raider base as well as Broken Hills happen to be on a beeline between Vault City and NCR, in approximately the same way that Modoc is on a beeline between the Den and Vault City, Redding is on a beeline from the Den to New Reno, and Shady Sands was on a beeline between Vault 13 and Vault 15 in Fallout...?
If you start out by the cave opening, go inside. Three of the passages here are lavishly mined. Use Traps on the floor plates for 25 xp each, or step on one and start a chain reaction if you don't have the patience (you can also set them off by dropping explosives). All nearby mines won't necessarily be triggered in this case. There's a lot of them, but they don't do much damage. Beware that the middle lower passage has a mine which cannot be disarmed, and your party members seem to love treading on it.
Also look out for four invisible pitfalls. With a good PE you can spot them before you fall down (giving you a few points of damage), but unlike the floor traps the pitfalls won't automatically make you stop when you notice them, so unless you usually move a hex or two at a time you're probably going to fall down anyway. Below is another cave which holds giant scorpions (tougher than your average radscorpion) and many miscellaneous items (Hunting Rifle, Leather Armor among other things) strewn on the floor among the bones. There's also a pile of rocks like the one you got the Wrench from in Vault City, but nothing happens when you manipulate it. Take the ladder to go back up again.
Northeast of here you find the actual base, and this is also the map you arrive on if you go down the manhole. If you come from the direction of the mined caves, there are two more rows of mines to deal with, as well as a chainlink fence with two locked doors in it. The first time you set foot on this map, you get 500 xp and can now return to Vault City to report you found the raider camp. Wallace will give you a Day Pass if you aren't a citizen, but Stark will just send you to Lynette and Lynette will just ask you to go back and kill the raiders.
If you go down the manhole and back up again, your car will be gone, but don't worry. Just leave the area, access the town map and go to the cliff, and the car will be there. This is one of several bugs that the patch readme file claims were fixed but which weren't.
Fighting the raiders will be a lot easier if you approach from the well. Just show yourself in the narrow opening to the main room, and they'll come running for you. Run back behind the nearest corner, then forego your turn repeatedly. Cassidy or someone can stand there shooting them to bits at point blank range with a Combat Shotgun, while they ignore him and pile up in the narrow passage trying to reach you; this also works to some extent for an HtH party. If you approach from behind the fence you'll have a hard time keeping the raiders from sniping you with their FN FALs. However, if you have a Scoped Hunting Rifle and Small Guns 150% or so, feel free to snipe right back from where they can't get to you.
Although there have been rumours that you don't always have to fight the raiders, this is not true.
When you tell Lynette you found or wiped out the raiders, you can demand money for your information if you're a citizen: $100, $200, $400 or $500. This is pretty bad, though. Firstly, if your Barter skill is not up to what you ask, Lynette will have you expelled from the city and revoke your citizenship. Secondly, you can't ask on both occasions, so the most you can get out of it is $500. Thirdly, if you do this she won't give you the usual reward of $1000 (and 1000 xp) when you destroy the raiders. Well, this somehow seems like familiar CRPG behaviour.
There's a native standing around named Shadow-Who-Walks. This is the native guide Stark was talking about. He won't necessarily join the battle right away, and it's possible to keep him alive and neutral through the entire encounter, although he says nothing and does nothing anyway. Well, actually he does say something if you click on him 30-50 times for a secret message.
A rumour says that it was originally meant to be much harder to find the raider camp, which makes a lot of sense given how Stark talks about it being nigh on impossible. Supposedly you'd either have to find Bishop's map, or perform a quest involving this tribal guide somehow. Designer Chris Avellone has said that you were supposed to be able to talk Shadow-Who-Walks out of helping the raiders and thus "break their strength" (see below) without having to fight them.
In the northwestern part of the map there are three "merc leaders", having the combat armour look, each of them standing in front of a locked container with Dog Tags in them. Collect all three and go to the safe. First of all, examine it for traps, and if your Traps skill is decent (50% will do if you save first and try a few times) you can disarm the trap for a stick of Dynamite. Next use the numbers on the Dog Tags (just keep all three in your inventory) to open the safe for 500 xp. With Luck 9 it's possible to open the safe without the combination. In there you'll find amongst other things an Account Book, which you should hold on to.
IN<4: You can only open the safe by repeatedly "twisting its nose" (LK 9). You can't disarm the trap, but you can set it off by dropping some explosives of your own next to it.
Once you leave the barracks map after having killed most of the raiders (leaving four or less alive), you'll get a message saying you've broken their strength and 2000 xp. This means there'll be no more raider encounters in the area. You can now return to Vault City... Wallace and Stark just tell you to go to Lynette, but she'll reward you with 1000 xp and $1000 for wiping out the raiders, and if you have the Account Book with you, show her that for another 1000 xp and $500.
If you left any raiders alive in the base when you get the 2000 xp, they die and you don't get any xp for them (though you can loot their corpses), so make sure you finish them all off before leaving the map. This includes Shadow-Who-Walks. Maybe they get so angry they have a collective aneurysm.
If you have Bishop's Holodisk you can't show it to Lynette until after you give her the Account Book. Importantly, if you have both the book and the disk in your inventory when you report back to Lynette, you miss out on the reward for finding the Account Book and skip directly to Vault City quest 5. So drop the Holodisk first.
Broken Hills 编辑
“ Sometimes I feel like a magic 8-ball. I just spout random sayings and walk away. ”
—Broken Hills resident
Broken Hills is one of the two mining towns in this game, unique when it comes to the way that humans, ghouls and mutants live together. If you put away your weapons, you can talk to Steve the town greeter and learn a few things. The first time you arrive here in the car, you'll hit poor Lumpy who gives you a reference to a special encounter in Fallout.
Liz runs the general store. If you have negative karma you can ask her what there is around to kill; if you get a bad reaction and annoy her she won't talk to you at all. Characters with high Steal can attempt to simply pick her table clean. She has some minor stuff in her basement (four containers with weapons, including a Combat Shotgun), but she won't let you go down there to begin with. With a good Sneak skill you can do it anyway (the check is harder at night whether Liz is actually in the room or not). To get into the basement with her permission, go to Phil's place, buy stuff and tip him for a total of $20 (because of a bug the tips aren't deducted from your money), whereupon he reveals the secret of the weapons cache. Return to Liz, ask about the weapons and tell her you heard about them from a reliable source. Then tell her you'll use the weapons on the mutants and she'll let you take them.
If when you ask Liz about the stash you choose the "it's all over town" line, you'll get stuck in dialogue mode. This is a serious bug that happens because the script tries to start a fight when you're still in dialogue. You can press 1 and Esc to exit, but you'll have to shut down the game entirely before you can play normally again. This also happens if you tell her "You" when she asks what you had in mind to kill, or if you fail a Speech check after giving her the "reliable source" line (save often!).
Liz restocks every 2-4 days, while Bill, Jacob and Holliday all restock every 3 days. For the latter three, prices will be significantly lower (50% in the case of Bill and the doctor) if you ask them to barter in dialogue instead of hitting the barter button. John L. Hunter points out that Liz's table restocks even after she is killed, though you still need Steal 25-30% to access it.
IN<4: Every time you trade with Liz, she takes a tenth of your money afterwards and calls it a "service charge". How's that for charity? Jacob only takes a small "tip". You need IN 2 to ask them to trade, but even if you have IN 1 you can get around this simply by pressing the barter button, which also circumvents the service charge. This means you have to pay their expensive rate, of course, but a stupid character wouldn't get Jacob's cheap rate anyway.
Marcus the mutant sheriff will join your party after you complete quests 1 and 2. You get 1000 xp for this, plus you can always grab his Minigun and stuff if you're not bringing him.
Talk to Bill if you want to work as a caravan guard on routes to Vault City (on the 21st each month), NCR (on the 11th) and Gecko (on the 1st). These caravan jobs suck compared to the ones in Redding, since you get only $200 per job, plus there are no return caravans, effectively leaving you stranded. For general behaviour of caravans, see Redding. Should Chad get killed or if you abandon a caravan, you don't get paid and there will be no more caravans. If you choose to shovel brahmin crap, you get $100 each time, and after you've done it five times you get the Expert Excrement Expeditor special perk which gives you +5% to Speech and 500 xp. Bill will also sell stuff.
IN<4: You only get to shovel crap once (need IN 2 for this), so you don't get the perk.
Talk to Doc Holliday and listen to the story of his life. You'll get free healing from him (HP and damaged limbs except for eyes, same NPCs as Dr Troy in Vault City except he'll heal Laddie instead of Dogmeat and K-9), and also learn that he knows a certain Dr Fung in San Francisco, which is useful info. You can also get free healing if you ask what he does and banter a little, but you can only do that once, whereas you can get him to talk about his life over and over again. If for some reason you pay for healing he'll charge between $50 and $300 for each person. He'll sell you Stimpaks and stuff, and takes only half the price if you ask him to trade instead of hitting the barter button.
If you have the car you won't be able to ask for party healing if you only have one NPC, but if you get the free healing he'll heal everyone anyway.
IN<4: Each time you pay for healing it costs $100 but you don't get healed, which is probably a bug (or is this old man really... evil?).
Only two containers on the western map have anything in them (except for the hidden footlockers, see below): one bookcase in Marcus' house which holds a Rubber Doll, and the small pot outside the house on the top right which holds a Cat's Paw. (Obviously these are for Typhon, along with the Rotgut from the bar.) The containers on the eastern Broken Hills map are all empty - the only item lying around is the Fuzzy Painting in Eric's house. Lazy, lazy level designers!
On the subject of "cheating within the workings of the game"... By the exit grid where you arrive in town, position your character between the exit and the the fence to the north, on the hex which is half offscreen. Then click on the other side of the fence and you'll end up there. Now, in the upper left corner of the map you'll find a few footlockers whose contents you can grab if you want to. They contain, from left to right: nothing, Jacob's stock, Holliday's stock and Bill's stock. All of them reset to full every three days, too, even Jacob's after you put him in jail. If the exit grid causes you trouble, instead go directly south, then work your way past the brahmin pen and the houses by clicking on the ground further away on the map. This way you can skirt around the map on the "outside" to reach the footlockers, even bypassing the exit grid on the right. The empty box is actually used for temporarily storing a shopkeeper's usual inventory while you're trading with them. As pointed out by John L. Hunter, you can stuff armed explosives into this box, then run quickly back and talk to a shopkeeper; after you leave dialogue they'll carry the explosives. Could be of interest if you want to try a really crazy assassination technique.
Talk to Typhon in the eastern part of town. Give him a Cat's Paw and wait one hour. Give him a Rubber Doll and wait for three hours. Give him a bottle of Rot Gut and he'll give you a clue as to where his hidden treasure might be. You also gain 2000 xp. The next part is purely optional. Go to the town well and manipulate it. You find the treasure, but it falls down the well, and you're too big to go down there. How appropriate that a small treasure hunter is just nearby! Talk to Micky and he goes down to retrieve... 10,000 Bottle Caps. Useless. And no, you can't get Micky back up again.
Dan, the worried spouse, is in the house northeast of the Old Ghouls' Home. Agree to look for his wife (charging him if you want to), then after you've found the dead bodies in quest 2, return to Dan and break the news to him in whichever way you choose for 500 xp. If you're evil, you can take his $500 and then tell him you're not going to look for her after all. This will not make you popular.
If you talk to the mad Professor in the lab coat, you can take Agility, Perception or Intelligence tests against his artificially smartened radscorpion. Take the AG and PE tests first for 500 xp each. You can match the scorpion with very low stats although you may have to try several times (it's impossible to actually outperform it). It turns out you can't win the IN test because the scorpion "cheats" at chess (or maybe it really is smarter). Time to look elsewhere for guidance. If you go to the field to the north you may notice a talking spore plant trying to draw your attention. Rrright. If you bring a Shovel you can help the plant by moving it to the Old Ghouls' Home for 1000 xp, and the plant will tell you how to beat the scorpion at chess. Return to the doctor and defeat the scorpion for 500 more xp. The scorpion will attack you, but just run away once and end combat and you won't have to kill it. Your party members will, though, if you don't park them somewhere else.
IN<4: The first time you pass the Agility test the Professor will give you a packet of Mentats. Actually he carries a ton.
If you don't kill the scorpion you might want to steal the Spectacles off it. You can even steal its tail! If you want to hear it talk, get caught stealing from it.
You can enter the mine to the north, where several super mutants are standing about. To the right inside the entrance there's a heap of rocks. Place the movement cursor just inside the wall and you'll notice you can go there. You get 1000 xp for discovering this secret area. On the floor is a guy who will get up automatically when you move next to him. Ask him who he is for another 500 xp; if you choose the other line, or if you're stupid, he runs away instead. Get the Uranium Ore from the footlocker. There's another hidden cave near the top right of the map, but it's empty.
There's an infinite experience bug here... if Stodgers is prevented from leaving the map, you can save and reload, and you'll be able to talk to him again with the same outcome. Saving will make him stop if he's running, as will entering combat mode. Placing an NPC in the narrow passage will ensure that Stodgers can't get anywhere at all, so that you can repeat this as many times as you like. Telling NPCs to wait means they won't take damage from the gas, but also that they won't level up with you if you take advantage of the bug.
Next bring the ore to the white ghoul in the refinery south of the caravan office. You'll have to fork out $1000 but you earn 500 xp. After the ghoul's done (takes a day) he'll offer to buy the ore back for $1500. You can either keep the ore (no use, Harold and Festus in Gecko won't even look at it), let him have it for $1500 and 300 xp, or let him have it for $1000, 1250 xp and some karma. I'd choose the latter.
There's an infinite money bug here... if you take the extra $500, you can talk to the ghoul over and over again, choosing the same line and gaining $1500 each time. Once you're satisfied, either keep the ore or give it to him (though you can't get any more xp). Real Fallout 2 players don't take advantage of poor stupid ghouls in this way.
Some random encounter merchants in the Broken Hills area carry Uranium Ore, so it's possible to do the refining bit without finding Chuck Stodgers in the mine.
Fix the mine's air purifier 编辑
Go to Zaius in the building next to the mine entrance, agree to go get the spare parts and fix the purifier. If you ask for money you can get anything from $500 to $1000 depending on your bartering skills (you need to leave and re-enter dialogue at least once to get the last increment, which requires well over Barter 100%); you get half of it right away. Next you'll have to go to New Reno (which appears on your map) and get the Mine Parts from Renesco, which is very straightforward (except that you may have to deal with car thieves, see the New Reno section, quest 2). Note that if you ask Zaius for money he won't tell you the password to get the parts for free!
Once you have the parts, return to the mine and head into it - leaving behind any party members who can't soak up about 30-50 damage without croaking. You need to use the Mine Parts on the purifier at the top of the map, so as the tunnels branch, go right, left, then left again, and you should be on the right track. As you run, you and all organic, non-canine party members plus the Robodog will occasionally take 10-15 damage, but unless you're all wimps it shouldn't be a problem, and it stops once you use the parts on the purifier (1500 xp). You can now kill off the vermin and even a deathclaw if you want to. Return outside for a reward from Zaius; if you asked for money you get the remaining half, if not you get a Combat Shotgun which is worth more.
There is one way to avoid damage from the radon gas in the mine - wearing any kind of Power Armor, although you probably won't have it at this point. Several other kinds of protection have been said to do the trick, including having the Dermal Impact Armor, carrying or using the Oxygen Tank, running through the mine in combat mode, and having the Toughness perk. These do not work; staying in combat mode in fact means you'll take more damage. After you read a number of Fallout 2 walkthroughs you get used to the idea that sometimes you'll be fed information which simply isn't true, speculation that at one point or another got written down as fact.
Find the missing people for Marcus 编辑
Talk to Marcus and ask him what's new. Better tell him you'll do this for free. Over in the east part of town, you may notice there are three entrances to the underground (outhouse behind Eric's, carpet two houses east of Eric's, and manhole in field). Go down, beat up the ants (or pick them off from a distance, because your NPCs will happily fire bursts of valuable ammo at the ants if they get the chance), and walk into the room with the mutilated bodies. You get 500 xp for this. (The bodies won't show up until you've actually got the quest.) If you examine the bodies you notice they've been shot, but it makes no difference if you do or not. Take the note from the severed female body and read it. Your character will say you'd better not tell Marcus about the note... and in fact, you can't. If you talk to Zaius he only sends you to Francis. Turns out Francis killed those people... in self-defence, he says. You'll have to let him go, for 1000 xp, because if you attack him the whole town comes to his aid. The next step is to tell Marcus about the bodies. You should put this off until you've done quests 4 and 5 though, because Marcus will put Jacob away if he hasn't already done so. If you asked for money before you get $500, else he hands you a Scoped Hunting Rifle which is worth more.
Beat Francis at arm wrestling 编辑
Francis is the super mutant in the bar. For you to have any realistic chance of beating him, your ST and EN should correspond to 9/9 or better (8/10 will work, though you may have to reload a lot). Taking two Buffout should do the trick. You need ST 8 just to take him on, and must be level 6 or higher. There's a random element, so save before trying. If you lose, you'll find yourself the not-so-proud owner of a Ball Gag. If you win, Francis gives you a Power Fist and you gain 350 xp. Make sure you do this before you confront him with the note in quest 2.
IN<4: You need IN 2 to challenge Francis; the other requirements are the same.
You can use 2 Buffout on Francis and wait 6 hours for his stats to drop, allowing you to beat him a little more easily (8/5 should be enough). The effect is smaller than if you use them on yourself, though, so this is for when you just can't get your own stats into range, or you live in fear of chem addiction. There's no point in saving after using the chems on him, since the game doesn't save such changes to critters and he'll be back to normal once you reload.
Break Manson and Franc out of prison 编辑
Talk to Jacob and don't tell him you like mutants (if you do you can't get this quest any more). You can go to Marcus right away and turn Jacob and Aileen in for 2500 xp... but that's unnecessary. Instead go to the jail, and make sure it's daytime and that you don't have a weapon ready, or the guards may shoot you on sight. There are basically three ways to solve the quest:
With IN 7 and CH 7 you can talk the guard into giving you the key.
You can kill the guards (beware that Minigun) without anyone else in town noticing and take the key.
Unlock the door using Lockpick, or obtain the key through stealing (quite difficult even with good Steal) or barter (it's worth $0) and use that. You have to wait until the guard walks to the far end of the room, since he will stop you if he sees you tampering with the door (Sneak helps), and attack if this happens two times separated by more than a few seconds. A trick once you've unlocked the door is to walk into one of the adjacent rooms and one of your party members will probably walk through the jail door for you, assuming you have any.
Once the door is open you're teleported back to Jacob for 1500 xp. If you fought the guards or if you were given the key you don't have to free the prisoners to return to Jacob for the next quest, though you get no xp for this one until you return and open the door (but you can do this even after you turn Jacob in, in which case Franc and Manson end up in Jacob's house while Jacob remains in prison).
Talk to Manson through the bars before talking to Jacob, ask him about Broken Hills and choose the long answer. You'll get 300 xp for "preaching open-mindedness to Manson". If you talk to Franc before getting this quest and tell him you hate mutants, he sends you to Jacob with a recommendation.
Beware that if you choose the "Err... no, not really" line, the guard will turn hostile in about a minute, which could catch you a bit off guard.
Blow up the mine's air purifier 编辑
Jacob will give you this task after you complete quest 4. The objective is to bring the Explosive Switch to the mine purifier. Now's a good time to turn him in! Go to Marcus and tell him all about the evil plans and you gain 2500 xp. Jacob and his band will end up in the jail. The same thing happens if you tell Marcus where he can find the escaped convicts.
If you want to go through with the plan, run into the mine (see quest 1 for details) and use the switch on the purifier. (Using the switch after you expose the conspiracy will just make it disappear.) You'll gain 1500 xp and be teleported outside the mine. Return to Jacob and he'll say you can go loot Liz' basement for a reward (works the same as if you hear about it from Phil). You'll notice there are no mutants left in town except for Elmo the drunk, and Bill closes down his store and offers no more jobs.
Divert more electrical power to Eric's home 编辑
Eric's in the east part of town. Agree to get him more power for his air conditioning. Go to the power station at the entrance to town, and either talk Brian into giving Eric additional power using Speech (you only get one shot at this dialogue path), or use Science on the computer to the left, and you get 1000 xp. If you manage a critical success on the computer you get 1500 xp instead for optimizing the power grid. If you fail critically you'll get shocked for 10-15 points of damage. Return to Eric for a reward of either $150, one dose of Buffout (you won't be offered this if you already beat Francis), or extra karma and the location of NCR. I'd take the Buffout.
Need more Buffout to beat Francis at armwrestling? You can steal a lot more of it and some Mentats from Eric. And the $150. So maybe you should choose the karma reward instead. :)
Redding 编辑
“ "Why, I hear that tribals eat their damn dead."
"How else could we grok their essence?" ”
—Josh and the Chosen One
Redding is the second of the two mining towns, or the first, depending on how you look at it. Like most of these towns, it's very loosely connected to the storyline (what is the storyline?); basically your actions here determine whether it's Vault City, New Reno or NCR that gets to benefit from the mining prospects.
Sheriff Marion has hurt his leg and needs a deputy. You need to be level 10 before he'll deem you worthy of the job. The first task he sets you means evicting a poor old widow. She's in the building to the south, next to the well. If this is your kind of work, tell her to scram, then collect the 1000 xp and $100 from the sheriff. Since Mayor Ascorti will be pleased with your performance, you can go talk to him and get a Beer each time. If you're good, instead give widow Rooney the $120 she needs and you get 1500 xp (you always get more xp being good!) plus the aforementioned cash reward, but no Beer. Although you can pay Rooney's debt directly to the mayor, don't do this as you won't get any xp. Proceed to quest 4 to see what the sheriff has in mind for you next, and remember to take everything in his house.
There's a bug here which actually goes for his next two quests as well (number 2 and 4 in the quest list): as long as you don't agree to take the next quest, Marion will give you whatever monetary reward you had coming every time you talk to him.
The sheriff gives you a badge, but it doesn't make any difference whether you bring it along or not. As far as the game is concerned you can dip it in chocolate and eat it the first thing you do. Also, if you're a Ranger when you come here, Marion will recognize you for such a one. (He doesn't if you talk to him after you do his quests.) This doesn't make any difference to anything, either.
This isn't very interesting, but you can kill Rooney, then use Sneak to talk to the sheriff (who will have turned hostile along with the rest of the town). He'll complain, but he'll give you your reward and tell you to get on with the next quest. Also you can go to Ascorti and get a funny dialogue out of it. Then load your previous save game, because sooner or later you'll have to fight everyone.
It seems reasonable to assume that it's an oversight that this does not have a quest entry in the Pipboy... as well as the business with Mayor Ascorti and the mine.
Jon Lynch: "In Redding, you can use the Doctor skill to heal the sheriff's broken leg, although he won't realize you did this and will still whine about it. Note that this will not work on the cook in Navarro."
Madam Modjeska south of the saloon will talk to you about politics. There's a guy standing about with a rifle who'll fill you in on strange goings-on and introduce you to the notion of wanamingos (not "wannamingos" as everyone (including Chris Avellone) seems to be spelling it). You may also notice a brat named Melchior Jr. who talks about his dad, a stage magician. You'll be running into Melchior Sr. later on, but it's nothing important.
Mayor Ascorti is the owner of the Ascorti's Ace casino and city hall. He'll offer to sell you the deed to the Great Wanamingo Mine for $1000, and once you clear it of wanamingos he'll buy it back for $2500. Plus you get 1000 xp for this. The cashier in the casino has a few thousand dollars to barter (replenishes every two weeks), and you can gamble as well providing your Gambling skill is at least 25%.
You can actually kill all the wanamingos before buying the deed, and once you do Ascorti will immediately know the mine is cleared so you can sell it back.
It takes about Gambling 80% to break even at the slot machines, but if you win too much the machine will stop functioning for one day. To break even at the craps table you need about Gambling 110%. With 120% you'll win slowly but steadily; just weigh down the 5 key for a while. Any more than that and you can win tens of thousands of bucks in a short time, though it beats me why anyone would want to spend skill points on Gambling before the point where they'd get almost infinite cash from looting guns anyway. As pointed out by Misha, the skill check is easier at lower bets and you can win at Gambling 100% if you press down 1 instead, although it will take longer. Note that to use a slot machine you must stand to one side of it; the game doesn't seem to care that the person blocking the machine is you. In v1.0 you didn't get any money from winning.
In the Malamute saloon there's a female prostitute. If you're male you can sleep with her for $60, and then she'll tell you a sad story about how her boyfriend broke his leg and all and ask for $200 so she can begin a new life. It's a waste of money and she won't (she'll ask for another $150 each time you talk to her after that). You can also rent a room here, which works the same as in Klamath.
Lou who owns the saloon won't talk to you if you've some non-human NPCs in your party (Lenny, Marcus, Robodog, Goris, Laddie or the Brain Bot (best brain only)), so you'll have to drop them off if you want to talk to her (which is usually only when you're doing quest 2).
After listening to Painless Doc Johnson and his assistant talk, ask him about the Jet problem in Redding. You can also buy some stuff from him (but he doesn't restock), or pay for healing (costs $50 (one person) or $100 (two or more) for HP, same NPCs as Dr Troy in Vault City, radiation and poison costs another $100). If you give him a dose of Jet Antidote you get 2500 xp. You can charge him $2000 for it, and it doesn't even lower your karma (although you do get 25 karma if you give it to him for free). He'll perform combat implant surgery cheaper than any other doctor in the game (assuming you found out about that in Vault City and can part with a Combat Armor for each as usual).
Dermal Impact Armor: $5000, 2 days.
Dermal Impact Asslt. Enhance.: $30,000, 5 days, CH -1.
Phoenix Armor Implants: $8000, 3 days.
Phoenix Assault Enhancement: $30,000 (though he says and checks for $48,000), 6 days, CH -1.
If anyone in your party is hurt or you are radiated, the opening dialogue will look a little different and you won't get the option to ask about implants, so you'll have to let him treat you or treat yourself first.
In the north part of town, where the mine headquarters are, you can get a job as a caravan guard going to Vault City (Ben Wade, $1000, on the 1st of odd months), New Reno (Savinelli, $1500, on the 21st of even months) or NCR (Stanwell, $2000, on the 11th of even months). The dates and pay are exactly the same when going in the other direction, except that odd months become even and vice versa. Here's a rough description of how caravans work:
During each trip you'll face from zero to four encounters. The caravan leader will tell you if it's OK to move on ("Let's move out"). If it's a hostile encounter, you'll need to kill the bad guys (even if they don't initiate combat themselves).
If you run off the map before the all-clear is given, this counts as abandoning the caravan and will put you on the world map. The caravan leader will effectively be dead, so you won't get any pay or more caravan jobs from him.
You won't get to bring your car, and illogically the caravan path does not light up on the world map, although the specific squares where you have encounters do.
If the caravan leader dies, he'll still be around invisibly to give the all-clear signal.
If you steal from or attack caravan drivers or guards, the others won't care. Killing Stanwell, Wade or Savinelli turns Redding hostile, though.
Sometimes you may have to run off an encounter map twice to make any progress.
Beware the generally buggy behaviour of caravans. Things that can happen include the caravan "dissolving" on the world map although there was no obvious threat, and caravan leaders not being present on arrival or refusing to talk to you.
For the Redding caravans, if the caravan leader dies along the way but you still make it to your destination, a clerk should turn up (sometimes doesn't) and pay you a reduced wage or nothing at all. You can talk to him over and over again and get $50, $100 or $150 each time (he will only state the correct amount if it's $150). In any case there won't be any more caravans on that route.
If you run into New Reno mobsters, you must kill them to proceed with the caravan even though they count as good critters and aren't hostile. If you encounter a Den caravan, the slaves do not raise the "hostiles on map" counter when created, but decrease it when killed. Thus if you kill all of them (and it's hard to stop your fellow guards from doing so) the hostiles counter will actually drop below zero, which leads your caravan master not to realize that the encounter is over.
Some caravan encounters involve better weaponry than the corresponding world map encounters, notably claim jumpers, homesteaders and prospectors around Redding.
It's a bit of fun to watch the mole rat fights between 12.00 and 17.00. You can bet on them and win about 50% of the time. If you have an IN below 4 the manager just takes some of your money. No one cares if you kill the caged rats for the xp, but this can cause the fights to bug out.
Don't even think about looting the graves, since they're all empty. South of the cemetery there's a morbid kind of restaurant which seems to serve no useful function (except for hinting that something's going on underground). If you ask Josh about valuables you get a free Beer. He doesn't like weird party members either.
Now for a description of the Redding underground areas. On the downtown map there are three entrances: the well south of Sheriff Marion's, a manhole in the Malamute saloon, and a manhole in the back of the casino. There are a few containers and two wanamingos down here (don't miss the skeleton). Go north and you find a cave with ladders up to the well and opened grave in the mining camp. Rats abound, and two more wanamingos can be found. Go west and you reach a system of caves infested with wanamingos. Next go down a ladder to the main level of the mine where the most wanamingos are. Once you kill them all, you get a message that you've cleared the mine, accompanied by 3500 xp. The elevator to the west will take you up to the derelict Wanamingo Mine building. You can of course enter the place from this direction as well, but it may be a little more difficult.
You should just about be able to take the wanamingos on if you've done everything described previously in this walkthrough and are at level 12 or so (with NPCs). Combat Shotguns rule, while a 10mm SMG does next to no damage to these armoured critters. If you're the sniping kind, shots to the eyes are effective at long range, while if they get too close (and it's hard to stop them) you should try to cripple their legs. Crippling any limb will make them flee, but going for the legs makes them worse at it.
Actually you have to kill all wanamingos but one to clear the mine. You don't have to kill the eggs, but why let them live so they can come after you?
There's a rather well hidden Metal Armor Mark II lying in the room northeast of the elevator. Look to the right of the broken crate.
If you enter the casino from the manhole, and then kill the guard behind the metal door quietly (using Super Stimpaks or planting explosives), you can loot the fridge and footlocker for several thousand Mine Scrips as well as the contents of the store, but not much more. Beware that if you let the guard see you and then leave, he'll shoot on sight when you return, so be prepared to off him as soon as you open the metal door.
Kill Frog Morton 编辑
Your fourth and final mission for Sheriff Marion. Morton's gang resides in the old Wanamingo Mine building to the west and only appears when you get this quest, along with some mines dotted among the ruins (15 in all). You might want to go to this map before that so you can pick off the rats at your leisure. Morton's gang will be heavily armed, but at level 10-12 you should be able to gun them down as they come pouring out of the building. There are also three men in the buildings to the south. You gain 3000 xp when the whole gang is dead, and $1000 from the sheriff. Marion then informs you that Froggy has three brothers who'll be coming after you, namely Snake, Toad and Newt Morton. You'll run across these on the world map, one by one, but, well, that's just more weapons and ammo for you.
If a bandit spots a mine it is automatically disarmed, but the rats will set them off if they're still around.
Frog's H&K G11 is a neat weapon at this point, problem is you probably won't have much ammo for it yet. Buster in NCR can sell you some, and there's a heap in the Toxic Caves. If you can kill Frog before he can attack, you'll have 100 rounds to use on the wanamingos.
You can get to the area behind the large building if you go to the top of the screen, just left of the exit grid, then click on the ground on the other side of the fence (if you don't position your character correctly you might step on the exit grid trying to get there). There is nothing to see or pick up back there, however.
Find out who cut the whore 编辑
Marion's third task (for some reason they're numbered in reverse chronological order). Go to the Malamute saloon and talk to Lou for a clue: a Morningstar Mine scrip (though you don't actually get one). Well then, go to the Morningstar Mine and ask around. The offender, Obidiah Hakeswill, will confess to the crime as soon as you adress him, whereupon you can kill him ($500 from Marion but no quest xp), let him go (no xp and no money from the sheriff) or take him into custody (1250 xp and $500).
There are two possible bugs here. Firstly, killing Hakeswill before you get the quest and returning to the sheriff will earn you the reward of $500 and an offer to do quest 1, meaning you can no longer get the first two jobs if you didn't already. Secondly, as found by Szappy, if you let Hakeswill go and then insult the sheriff, dialogue may revert to before you even got the first job, though this will have no actual effect.
Find the excavator chip 编辑
There are two chips to be found in the mine, both on the lowest level with the toughest wanamingos. You get one from the excavator, and there's another one found on the ground to the northeast, next to one of the manufacturing doohikeys. Sadly you can only sell one of them, so head over to either Dan McGrew or Marge LeBarge and sell it for $1000 and 2500 xp. Which of them you choose has no effect other than it may decide which ending you get for Redding.
Basically, Dan supports New Reno and Marge supports NCR. It seems the designers couldn't quite make up their minds, though, as Jimmy Hoffa has them mixed up, and if you sell the chip to McGrew then LeBarge will go on about "those prissy NCR bastards" McGrew is in league with...
Break up the bar brawl 编辑
This is Sheriff Marion's second task for you. Head into the bar and talk to the two miners who are facing off. If you ask them to back down, they will, but nothing happens. Therefore you have to threaten them with some of the old ultra-violence and put one of them or both in jail (but don't provoke them into a fight, the whole town will turn against you). Except for what kind of comments the Sheriff and McGrew will give you, it doesn't matter one bit what you do. Your reward is 1500 xp and $300 from the sheriff.
You cannot complete this quest by talking both parties out of a fight, you have to put someone in jail. The patch notes state that getting Bette to back down should set the quest to complete, but in actuality it only sets the quest variable to the same value that it would get if you ran out the door! (Getting Caminetto to back down does nothing in either version.) So essentially, all this "bugfix" did was make a lot of people think there's a way of finishing the quest properly without throwing anyone in jail, although there never was. I always arrest them both for fairness' sake. In case you really must know, Kokoweef is the "good" mine, but let's not judge a bar brawler by her employer, shall we?
If you kill the miners and use Sneak to talk to the sheriff, you'll be rewarded with $150, and of course he'll want to kill you, too.
New Reno 编辑
“ Watch out! Pink deathclaw, three o'clock! ”
—New Reno junkie
New Reno can be a little daunting, since it's a big place with lots of things to do, and a lot of things to think about, such as how to make sure one doesn't piss off any of the local crime bosses, and where did that damn car go? (Don't worry, it's around - see quest 2.) This city is run by the families Mordino, Salvatore, Bishop and Wright, of which only the last ones are not scum of the earth. Usually if you turn down a job, speak to a boss disrespectfully, ask too many questions or return to them before finishing a job, they may refuse to give you any more jobs or, more likely, attack. Toe the line if you want to keep your options open.
For each boss there is a chain of quests, upon the completion of which you become a Made Man of that family. This means you get a popularity boost among the citizenry, free sex at the Cat's Paw, special services at the New Reno Arms (but seemingly no discount on Eldridge's normal stock, nor Renesco's), and a shot in the head if you ever go to visit any of the other families. If you don't fancy this you can still complete the final quest for each family as long as you don't return to the boss for your reward, which is when you become a Made Man. But, since you lose the Made Man reputation if you turn against your own family, it's possible to complete and collect the rewards for all quests in New Reno. There are a few things you have to think about, though. Don't become a Made Man of the Salvatores until you've got the quest from Mordino to kill Salvatore. And if you play a "good" game, become Made Man of the Wrights last so you can let them live. (Remember you can still go to the Sierra Army Depot for equipment to help you take out the other families, as long as you don't return to Wright and claim your reward.)
For each family boss, there's a way to assassinate them (noted below) without getting blamed for it. Note that killing a boss "silently" (Super Stimpaks etc.; see the NCR section) or in these special ways will not remove your Made Man status, but attacking anyone in the family openly will.
If you have a family quest active when you turn that family hostile, the quest will be crossed out (set to failed) in your quest list. If you manage to talk to your employer without him attacking you may get some unexpected dialogue in this case (this happens, for instance, if you kill the guard who goes to check Bishop's safe and then talk to Bishop).
It's possible to be listed on your character sheet as Made Man for all four families at the same time, as outlined by Sébastien Caisse: "Once you've become a Made Man for a specific family, this family won't attack you any more. First you need to do all the possible quests for them, and not collect the final reward, and not assassinate Salvatore (until you're a Made Man for him). The trick is basically to sneak past everyone and collect your final reward by talking to the bosses before they engage in combat." Ryan P. Fialcowitz and Joshua Jansen then looked into the particulars and found there is another constraint: you must become Made Man for Bishop first, since Bishop's dialogue will change for the worse if you're already with some other family. This means that if you want all four you must end up allied with either the Wrights or the Mordinos. You will need to use a combination of Sneaking and running in combat mode to reach all bosses - saving a lot is recommended. Getting through the door to Salvatore is one of the tricky parts, but John Gaw points out: "If you talk to Mason while on good grounds, you can go into attack mode later and open the door with no problem whatsoever." Two more things should be noted. Firstly, despite what your character sheet says you will only be Made Man for one family at a time as far as the game is concerned, so there's no real reward for doing all this. Secondly, attacking the family you joined last will remove all Made Man labels from your list of reputations, but attacking any other family, including one you joined earlier, has no effect on them.
IN<4: You can pretty much forget about most things in New Reno, since you can't join any family (or do any other quest). Also you can't get Golgotha, Stables or the Sierra Army Depot on your world map.
If you're a Prizefighter, Porn Star, Slaver or Made Man and use Sneak in New Reno you may receive comments from its inhabitants that could lead you to believe it's harder to sneak in these cases; however, they don't change the actual probability of being detected.
Arriving on Virgin Street, one of the first people you meet is Jules. He'll try to sell you drugs (restocks some Jet and Stimpaks every 12-24 hours), but can also sell information for money, between $25 and $100 for each family depending on your Barter skill. You can get this information cheaper from Father Tully, but you should at least get Jules to mention the names of the families. He'll also give you a recommendation to the New Reno Arms (which does nothing) and the Cat's Paw (which gives you a discount). Make sure you follow the Jet conversation thread, and the Stables and Golgotha will turn up on the world map. If you ask him about Vault 13 he puts Vault City on your world map (this goes for Mrs Bishop, Father Tully and Mrs Wright as well), and talking about Redding puts that on the map.
Over at the Cat's Paw you can get laid, which on occasion gives you a temporary +1 stat boost for one hour:
Oral attention: Strength.
Basic, dirty sex (CH<6): Agility.
Full body workout (CH>5): Agility.
Just talk: Intelligence.
"Special... dramatic... request" (IN>5): Strength.
The stat boost is actually imparted by an item that Miss Kitty tries to use on you or whichever NPC (would be ST in that case). Apparently most often something gets in her way and you don't get the bonus, though you can sometimes see her running a little bit and then returning to her position.
As pointed out by Gibbering Idiot, the "talk" option counts as having sex. The first time you choose this you gain a permanent +3% to Speech, or +2% if you've tagged that skill.
Because of a bug the special request option will always cost $703, even if you're a Made Man or if you finish the game.
Any character with at least CH 9 can ask Miss Kitty for a date, but you'll have to wait for it until you've finished the game, at which point the option will be open to all non-stupid characters.
If you bring Marcus for some "action" at the Cat's Paw and talk to him afterwards, he reveals that Mutants aren't actually sterile. So much for Vree's autopsy report. :) (Though Chris Avellone says super mutants are really sterile, which settles that I suppose.)
There are two chem dealers in the street (one of which has an Empty Hypodermic for sale; a few prostitutes throughout New Reno also have Hypodermics in case you collect them) and one in the back of the Desperado casino. The bartender in the Desperado will sell you beer and such stuff. You can gamble here, but the croupiers all carry Loaded Dice so you can figure your chances. See Redding for a note on gambling.
New Reno bartenders will charge you more if you're a Prizefighter, if you're a Made Man for their family, or if you finished the game, and you ask them to trade in dialogue. Drug dealers charge you more if you've finished the game, if you're a Prizefighter, if you're a Porn Star, or if you're a Made Man for any family, and you ask them to trade in dialogue. Drug dealers also correctly charge you more if you carry a lot of money (which in their eyes amounts to $200 or more), but you can still circumvent this by pressing the barter button.
If you plant more than one pair of dice on a casino dealer before talking to her, the dice will all disappear, and a dealer with no dice will tell you that her table has been closed down due to someone tampering with the dice. This is a remnant of an unimplemented feature where you could improve your chances by planting Loaded Dice (the dealers would originally have been equipped with normal ones).
Little Jesus at the bar can give you an introduction to Big Jesus Mordino if you have ST 6 or are wearing any kind of combat or power armour. If you talk to him with a Knife, Combat Knife, Ripper or Throwing Knife in your hand, he'll offer to teach you +5% Melee Weapons for $200 (you can turn him down and return later). If you're female and have at least CH 6 or are a Porn Star you'll have to have sex with him instead. Yech. However, if you do this and have a good sex rating, you'll gain +10% to Melee Weapons. He can also put Redding on your world map, and the Stables if you talk to him after becoming a Made Man of the Mordinos.
If you got the correct clue from the Magic 8-Ball, use the toilet which brings up the hand icon to recover 1 Frag Grenade, 1 Plasma Grenade and 1 Pulse Grenade.
You may notice that Big Jesus' health isn't what it should be. Use a dose of Jet, Psycho, Buffout or (the cheapest option) Nuka-Cola on him; he'll have a heart attack, you get 1000 xp and can just walk out of there. Isn't it ironic? Unlike Boss Salvatore you don't get these extra xp if you kill Big Jesus in combat, so once you turn on the Mordino family this should be your first move.
If you're a Slaver you can sell some of your pardners to Big Jesus (Vic for $100, Cassidy for $100, Miria for $250, Davin for $200, Brain Bot (best brain only) for $500, Robodog for $500). To get this option you must either speak to Little Jesus about the subject, or ask Big Jesus about his health (Doctor 51% or Science 76%) or about Richard Wright (if you have that quest) and then say you have more questions. You can haggle once for each NPC and double the price with a successful Barter check, but any more than that and he kicks you out. Like Barkus, Big Jesus bids on one slave at a time starting with Miria/Davin. The slaves you sell don't disappear, though, they just leave your party and remain standing where they were. If you talk to them their dialogue will be as if you never recruited them in the first place, and things can get rather screwed up (e.g. if you try to sleep with Miria again the game gets stuck in a permanent blackout).
If you have Myron with you when you go to Big Jesus, he'll attack. Big Jesus that is.
Savinelli, the caravan master for New Reno, will leave from Virgin Street for Redding on the 21st of each odd month, and pays $1500 if you hire on as a guard.
On 2nd Street, Jagged Jimmy J is the prominent Jet dealer. Listen to his story about his scar and if you have CH 6 he gives you 2 Jet for free. He can put the Stables on your map if you ask him where he gets his Jet. There are two more chem dealers further up the street. The three musicians don't do much.
Tom Hibbs found a bug: "An infinite number of Jet vials can be obtained from Jagged Jimmy J. After the first 2 that he gives you, he continues to give 1 free Jet each time you thank him and ask what else is in stock (this doesn't work if you just click the barter button). By seeing JJJ's wares and then clicking done without bartering anything, your Jet supply can climb infinitely." This only works the first time you get to this node.
IN<4: If you are a Made Man, Porn Star or a Prizefighter or if you finished the game, talk to Jimmy, and when he recognizes you choose the "mortal coil" line. This will paralyze his brain so that you can take all his stuff, which is not a lot.
If you go into the Jungle Gym and talk to Stuart Little you can box. You'll meet four increasingly difficult opponents: Joqq ($50, 500 xp), Pete McKneely ($50, 750 xp), Evan Holyfeld ($400, 1000 xp), and the Masticator ($1000, 2500 xp). This is assuming you get 50% of the winnings; with Speech 76% and Barter 76% you can get 75% instead. You also get kill xp for those boxers you manage to beat to death; this should happen some of the time and counts as a knockout. Other ways of winning include "normal" knockout (if you score a critical hit that knocks your opponent unconscious or if he himself manages a critical failure), technical knockout (if you make him flee), and points (if you somehow manage to make a fight last 12 full rounds and win the majority of them by landing more punches than your opponent). If you win four matches you get the Prizefighter reputation which lets you empty the gym lockers, makes you popular in New Reno and gives you a +5% bonus to your Unarmed skill.
Should you lose a fight, you must ask Little for a rematch immediately or you won't get another chance. You'll then go up against another boxer (your royalties will drop to 25%, but the xp is the same). You can only convince Little to give you one more chance (unless you exploit a bug, see note below), which means you can fight five matches in all, and there's a tempting reason to do that (see another note below).
Boxing isn't very difficult, at least not on normal difficulty. In fact, without having spent a single point on Unarmed (it was at 65%) and using normal gloves, I was able to easily kill the first two boxers in the first round, then win by knockout against the two tough ones. If you find you don't inflict any damage, go for aimed blows to the head. Just remember to ask Little for some time to rest so you can save before each match, and heal up if necessary (during matches you regain a number of HP equal to your EN at the end of every full round).
If you have the Plated Boxing Gloves in your inventory when you talk to Stuart Little, you'll be fighting with them in the ring. You always get a normal pair of Boxing Gloves in your inventory just before the first match, but if you enter subsequent fights without any gloves at all in your inventory, you end up in the ring with no gloves!
At the start of every match, if you have either kind of gloves, you gain a permanent +3 bonus to your Damage Threshold for normal damage (to a maximum of 100), -1 to your DT for plasma and explosive damage, and a bonus to Damage Resistance for each listed damage type except fire (to a maximum of 90%). If you only have normal gloves you get +1% DR for all four types, but if you have plated ones you get +2% for normal damage, +5% for laser damage and +1% for the others. (There's also a -1% penalty to your unlisted EMP resistance, but this doesn't matter in the least; your electricity resistance is unaffected.) You get to keep these bonuses even if you lose that match. Therefore, in the fourth match, you can kick your opponent, ask Little for another shot, then win the final match (the Masticator's replacement is significantly weaker and doesn't bite) and you'll have got a fifth toughness bonus for only $500. Even factoring in the DT penalties that's better than any combat implant! Silencer muses: "Perhaps the resistance boosts were just supposed to be temporary and not permanent - that'd explain why plated gloves give you better ones, since you can block and shield your sorry face better with them." That only covers one damage type, though.
Before you win the Prizefighter title it's actually possible to get infinite rematches, although this is the result of two bugs. If you've won the game, Little's dialogue will always go as if you're talking to him for the first time, meaning you can ask about boxing, negotiate a deal and get your "first" match (though the game keeps track of how many opponents you have defeated). If you have still not won the game, you have to leave dialogue after losing a fight, talk to him again, ask for a rematch and fail a Speech check (which is impossible if you're at 100% or above). He will then let you box again. Note that the only reason for doing this is to up your resistances, which is a bit cheesy. In fact, knowing that you can raise them arbitrarily puts a damper on my desire to get that fifth bonus, since I usually have no problem taking advantage of limited glitches but have no interest in the unlimited ones.
This isn't kickboxing. If you switch to kicking or take off your gloves and then land a blow, you'll be disqualified. (How do you take off boxing gloves in the ring, anyway? With your teeth?)
If you lose by knockout there may be a bug that makes you lose the rematch before you even get to start fighting. This is because when combat ends directly after you score a critical failure that makes you lose your next turn, the game remembers that you have a lost turn coming up, and if that happens to be at the start of the next fight you lose again. Simply entering combat mode once in between the fights to get rid of this "debt" should take care of the matter (assuming you wouldn't rather reload after such an unfortunate occurrence).
If you have about 115 HP or fewer and the Masticator hits you, you may get the message "In the heat of the fight, the Masticator tears your ear off." If you look in your inventory you'll now have a Player's Ear item... and your CH drops by 1 permanently. This is not so good, so you should probably do what the game says and reload. If you keep fighting, though, and have Unarmed at about 160% or higher, you may end up with a Masticator's Ear as well - vengeance is sweet! No use for it, I'm afraid, but it's worth $750. In the unpatched version losing your ear could give you a bonus to your CH, because the command to change the stat was being used incorrectly. This bonus would be equal to your current CH minus one, except if this would take your new CH above 10 in which case nothing would happen.
At the beginning of each round starting with the second, after the ring girl appears and the other boxer runs towards you, there's a small window where you can press A to enter combat mode. You can use this extra round to attack your opponent, or you can use it to kill the ring girl. The latter changes nothing except that the ring girl will be lying in a pool of blood instead of walking around and saying "Round 3!" or whatever. Well, I thought it was hilarious anyway. If you manage to kill your opponent in this combat round, you will be stuck forever inside the ring after the announcer makes a brief appearance. You can get an odd item - the Special Boxer Weapon, a useless sort of club - by killing the ring girl, then knocking a boxer unconscious on the same hex and looting his body before the combat round ends. There's another opportunity to enter combat mode right at the end of a match where you can kill the announcer (if you don't manage this in one hit you'll have to keep pressing A), but again this will leave you trapped.
Stupid characters can box providing they are male and have ST 6. Aside from getting no pay and no rematch, things work the same.
At the Golden Globes you can work as a "fluffer" for $5, which also gets you poisoned. If you're married you can let your spouse do it instead for $3. If you have CH 9 or are popular in New Reno (which means being either a Made Man or a Prizefighter) you can audition for porn stardom. To succeed you need EN 8, AG 8 and "experience", which translates to a mess of weighted stats and perks. If you pass the screen test you can shoot a movie each month for $500 (if you have IN 8, CH 8 or Speech 75%) or $200 (if you don't) and get the Porn Star reputation which lets you empty one more bookcase at the Golden Globes and makes you popular in New Reno (strangely, your spouse offers no comment). The first time you also get 1500 xp.
IN<4: You can become a Porn Star, but you get no pay.
The Corsican Brother initially won't talk to you if you're a Slaver, but he will if you become a Prizefighter or Made Man. The bitches will attack at once if you touch the bookcase.
After the first time you won't be allowed to make a film if you're addicted to Jet. If you insist on shooting anyway, the Corsican Brother won't talk to you again (but you get to keep your Porn Star status).
After you defeat the Enclave you can come here and star in a special movie for $2000, even if you were never a Porn Star. Stupid characters get paid for it, too. You can't make any more regular movies, though.
You can gamble in the Shark Club, and buy drinks. There's a bearded guy with a Hunting Rifle standing around sometimes and you can ask the bartender who he is, but he doesn't do anything except that when you fight Bishop's men he'll fight with them (there is a dialogue file for him but it's not used in the game). In the basement you find the Masticator and a boxing ring which is never used (legend has it that the final boxing fight was supposed to take place in here before an audience), but pick up the Plated Boxing Gloves for use in the boxing matches.
The stand-up comedian is one of the true highlights of the game. Make sure you hear all his routines. There are eight regular ones, and there is a special routine if you bring Myron. After you beat the Enclave he has a new one with you in it. There should have been an eleventh line after the Enclave if you managed to impregnate Angela or Leslie Anne Bishop ("So did you hear about the stupid Bishop daughter that got knocked up?"); he doesn't actually say it due to a bug, but he does blow up to the amusement of the onlookers.
Don't kill the Masticator in the basement if you're planning to box, because this will make Stuart Little disappear. The Masticator will actually count as dead after you've faced him in the ring, so if you lost to him and are going for a rematch, you can't leave the map in between.
On the first floor, tell the guards by the stairs that you've brought Moore's briefcase (you must have it with you) or they won't let you pass. Once you've got their permission to go up, you can use the stairs at any time even though they'll say you can't if you ask them. Nearby in a pool table is the Magic 8-Ball! With a LK of at least 8, use it and you get to read a few clues and humourous comments, which include:
A clue to listen to what Curtis says in Vault City to get the Wrench.
A clue to set Bess free in Modoc after selling her.
A clue to get the Hintbook from Father Tully after the game.
A hint that you need high ST and EN to beat Francis at arm wrestling.
Mention of the existence of the Easter Egg.
Information about the "Trash" cross in Golgotha.
The secret password to a computer in the Vault City vault.
Information about the Desperado toilet with the grenades.
Male characters can sleep with Angela Bishop, but if you follow her to her room and then turn her down she'll cry rape and Bishop's guards will attack, which is bad. Female characters can scare her pretty good, but it doesn't do anything. If you are wearing power armour you'll have to remove it before talking to her.
Characters of either sex can sleep with Mrs Bishop any number of times if they meet with her approval, which requires either ST 6 or CH 6; she'll ask you to join her for a drink as you leave conversation. If you refuse you must find a dialogue option to tell her you'll be back, or else she won't talk to you again. If you follow her upstairs and then refuse to sleep with her, you'll need to use Speech to tell her you have an appointment with Jules or she'll call for the guards. After you've slept with her and left conversation, "talk" to her until she mumbles the combination to her safe, then Lockpick it to get the stuff inside. If you have IN 9, you can get an additional goody here. First you must ask her downstairs if she knows anything about the G.E.C.K. or Vault 13 (which means you must not have found them yet) and get her to mention Vault City. In the conversation after you sleep with her you'll then be able to ask her if she is from Vault City, and eventually she lets you have the Pip Boy Lingual Enhancer hidden in her safe (250 xp) which can be used for a permanent +10% to Speech and 500 xp. Neat! Some other pillow talk stuff:
If you've tried to open Mr Bishop's safe but didn't yet, you can get the combination to that from Mrs Bishop if you ask about Mr Bishop (you'll still have to disarm the trap).
If you sleep with Mrs Bishop after Mr Bishop has passed on, ask about her family and tell her she should move on (IN 7) for 1000 xp.
You can get NCR and/or Vault City on the world map by asking about her husband's plans.
How to kill Mr Bishop - see the assassination note below.
If you have really, really lousy stats (like, your ST, EN and AG were all lowered to 1 in a freak accident with a character editor), Mrs Bishop falls asleep during lovemaking, so you won't get to ask her about anything. She'll still murmur the combination to the safe.
Sleeping with Ms or Mrs Bishop with a male character may create a new ending for New Reno depending on what else you do here. If you have a Condom in your inventory it'll be used up, though, and will prevent this.
There's a bug here that could startle you a bit. When going with Ms or Mrs Bishop, if you save and reload the game while on the top floor, your entire party will have disappeared when you return to the first floor. To fix this, sleep with either of them again (they'll return downstairs when the game loads the map anew, you can go down to the basement of the casino to make this happen) and your NPCs should be back. Or you could just drop everyone from your party before talking to your lady of choice. You may also experience car trunk deprival symptoms in this situation, but it should return once you drive to another map. Interestingly, NPCs can earn levels while invisible. Fighting Lenny in NCR will restore to visibility any party members that normally disappear during that fight (they'll appear when you move to another map).
Fall_ark found out how to exploit the invisibility bug to recruit an army. With CH 10, fill your party up to the 5-NPC limit, then make it disappear. Other NPCs will now think your party is empty, so you can get them to join you until you are again at the normal limit. When this is done, turn your "old" party visible again, and finally mop up those NPCs who will join you regardless of the current party count: Miria/Davin, Laddie, K-9 (initially), pariah dog (optionally). You could get evil Brain Bot for free as well, but you don't have to, since the good one can be fit within your "regular" party of ten. Minor points to consider: 1) Once your army is assembled you probably won't want to tell anyone to leave since getting them back will be a lot of work, and it may not even be possible to get back up to full strength by repeating the procedure. 2) Invisible party members may cause minor problems in places like Vault City and NCR, though this should be easy to plan around. Being Captain in Vault City helps greatly if you plan to go back there later, but avoid Lynette. 3) Since you're cheating anyway, you might as well use the save/load chem trick to get your CH high enough using Mentats, if needed. 4) If you don't want to fight Navarro when you come for K-9 with your huge party, you can prep it in advance and assassinate Schreber and "Snookie" to establish a clear path from the vent.
IN<4: You can go with both Ms and Mrs Bishop if you meet their respective requirements, and you can open Mrs Bishop's safe this way, but you don't get to talk to her after sex.
It's not recommended to steal from Mrs Bishop; if you fail, a guard is supposed to come running, but this causes my game to freeze. It seems to work for Ms Bishop, though: she runs away, and a guard comes running to attack.
You can also crack Angela Bishop's safe (if you followed her to her room, it will already be open). Mr Bishop's safe is trapped, so use Traps on it before picking the lock. If your safe-cracking skills aren't what they should be, you can place some Dynamite in front of the safe to set off the trap and unlock the safe. If you set off the trap in whichever way, you should head for the far corner of the screen as a Bishop guard will run into the room to investigate briefly (fighting him will turn the others hostile, although it may not be apparent right away). The safe contains a Raiders Map which puts the raider base on your world map if you didn't find it already, and a Bishop's Holodisk which you should take to Lynette in Vault City. If you leave the map and return, the safe will be re-trapped and locked.
You can also open the other two safes with Dynamite, and this will cause the guard to come running as well. If you try to pick a safe and fail the Lockpick check, then there's a small chance proportional to your LK that you can open the safe by spinning the dial randomly. This works for Mrs Bishop's safe as well even though it cannot be cracked normally.
If you wiped out the raiders, then if you ever turn down a job offered by Bishop he'll know you did it and say you have to take the job (without pay) to even the score. (He may say you had Skynet with you even if you never met the freaking bot yet - he really means Sulik, but the variables are mixed up.) If you didn't kill the raiders, but slept with Ms and/or Mrs Bishop, he'll use that as leverage instead with the same results. If you still won't do it, he'll attack. Getting into these conversations at all is bad, as you can see from the ending of quest 10. If you do become Made Man and then talk to Bishop again he'll start up these dialogues (assuming you did anything to offend him) and you'll have no choice but to fight him.
The way to assassinate Mr Bishop isn't very obvious. First you have to sleep with Mrs Bishop. In bed, ask her about her husband, ask her if they love each other, then about Mr Bishop's "other pursuits". You'll now get the option to ask if she wants you to kill him. With Traps 76% you can suggest an "accident", and Mrs Bishop then tells you about the trap on Mr Bishop's safe. Use Repair (again you need 76%) on the safe to change the combination. Go downstairs and wait 10 minutes with your Pipboy and you'll hear a boom from upstairs, which may kill Mr Bishop - at other times I've seen it do only 1 point of damage to him. You get no xp for this, though. If you already disarmed the trap, the game will tell you to replace it before you can change the combination. Attempting to do so will crash the game, however. The solution to this is to go to the basement (changing maps) and return, whereupon the trap will be re-armed.
It's not a good idea to "teleport" to the second floor by sleeping with Ms or Mrs Bishop before you've got permission from the guards to see Mr Bishop, or he'll attack if he sees you on the way out (keep close to the wall, try to run past in combat mode, or Sneak if you have to). Later on it may not matter as much, since Mr Bishop doesn't seem to mind that much that you're sleeping with his wife as long as you're working for him, but as usual if you talk to a boss too many times before finishing a job you may find yourself looking at dialogue choices which all lead to combat. To be safe, only follow the ladies upstairs when you were going to talk to Bishop anyway.
In Salvatore's Bar you can buy drinks, and there's a guy named Bill who does nothing.
To kill Boss Salvatore, simply steal his Oxygen Tank. In order to make a true assassination, for which you get 2000 xp, three conditions need to be met: 1) Salvatore must not carry an Oxygen Tank, 2) you must carry the Poison Tank from the Desperado basement (scripting error), and 3) Salvatore must not be hostile. You can also get 500 xp if you "whack" Salvatore somewhat less subtly, or if you don't have the Poison Tank. In this case Mason will turn hostile, but you can still get away without a fight by leaving the place while waiting for Salvatore to snuff it. Note that if you steal the Oxygen Tank, wait for Salvatore's "attack" to begin and then plant the tank back onto him, he'll call for the guards.
Over in the commercial district the junkies accumulate Jet during the game for some reason, I've seen them carry 15-25 apiece. Renesco the Rocketman sells stuff (restocks every 2-5 days), and he can tell you about Redding's Jet problem (puts Redding on the map), or put the NCR and Vault City on the map if you ask him about the G.E.C.K. Pissing him off with the Arroyo story or in any other way doesn't seem to have any lasting effect. Using the "teeth as a necklace" line will make his wares more expensive, but only until you leave dialogue. If you're here for the Broken Hills mine parts, tell him the password if you got it from Zaius, or you'll have to pay $100 for them ($200 if you try to haggle). The latter causes the debugging message "GIVE_RENESCO_CAPS 100" (or "200") to appear in the message window. Quaint. If you kill him the Mine Parts appear on his body if he didn't already give them to you.
Here's also where you can obtain one of the most obscure items in the entire game: the Pip Boy Medical Enhancer! You can give the Spectacles (from Broken Hills) to him and ask for a favour or a discount, but don't ask for a discount - it doesn't have any effect, and this way you don't get the Enhancer. Instead choose any of the other two lines, and then when you talk to Renesco you'll have the option of asking him how the glasses are. Do this 20 times and he'll become so exasperated he gives you the Enhancer, which upon consumption yields 500 xp and a permanent Doctor +10%!
Eldridge at the New Reno Arms will sell you stuff (restocks every 1-3 days), upgrade weapons, and sell you a Computer Voice Module for $3000 (you can talk it down to $2500 with a Barter check, or $1500 if you have CH 9 or make a critical Barter check) in case you didn't get one from Vault City. He'll warn you and then attack if you walk behind the fence. However, there's nothing stopping you from entering through the back door and looting his place. Don't do this at night when Eldridge is in the back, though, or the dogs will attack. Look for the staircase behind some metal shelves. Once you're in the basement, look out for Small Energy Cells on the ground as well as "hidden" containers. In here you'll find what's probably your first Electronic Lockpick, which means you can now go back to the Toxic Caves. Algernon is the guy who does the tinkering for Eldridge, and he'll do every kind of weapon upgrade for free if you just give him the item; if you use his services, make sure it's daytime before you go back up again. If you kill Algernon and then ask Eldridge if he can upgrade weapons, he says there's been an accident and they don't do it any more. :)
Being a Made Man of any family will give you access to Eldridge's special stock, which includes a Bozar and a Super Sledge. Which items he has at a particular time is slightly random, just like shops in general. If you don't see what you want, try leaving and re-entering the barter window; if that doesn't work, return at a later date (2-4 days). Should you kill Eldridge this stock will appear in his corpse along with his regular wares, even if you were never a Made Man.
Eldridge's upgrade prices were supposed to be influenced by Barter, but the only effect of this is that if you have Barter at 91% or more, all upgrades will be free. Otherwise, see the Items section.
IN<4: You can't get any upgrades, here or anywhere else in the game. What's more, if you talk to Algernon and "shoot" him... he dies!
A little to the left of the broken mattress in the rightmost corner of the basement, you can see a partly obscured pot. In it you find the Easter Egg. Oh joy.
After you've been to the Enclave, Eldridge becomes a little bugged. If you buy stuff from him he says you'll get a discount but he overcharges you horribly (this is the same reversed barter modifier bug as in Vault City and with the casino bartenders), and if asked for upgrades he always attacks (because the script points to the wrong node).
If Father Tully is lying drunk in the back of the church, rest for two hours and he'll be awake and ready to answer questions about the New Reno families if you give him any kind of booze (you must have heard of a family to be able to ask about it). You should get him to tell you about the Salvatores and their laser weapons, other than that it's nothing crucial. Should you be Married, you can let Tully divorce you for a bottle of alcohol. Your spouse will run away bitterly and never be seen again, and from then on you are Separated. Watch out that they don't make away with precious items of yours (their inventory will actually disappear once the ceremony ends, since the person running away is technically a different critter).
You can loot the poor box for -3 karma. Better money-for-karma ratio than in the Modoc well, anyway. If you ask Father Tully for money to buy hootch he'll rob the box for you, but you still suffer the karma drop. You can also donate at least one coin to gain 3 karma. What's more, both the gain and the loss happen only once, so you can withdraw your donation and return for more every week. In the back of the church there's a small garden with 2 Broc Flowers and 3 Xander Roots. Nice detail, easily missed.
In v1.0 you can talk to Father Tully about any number of topics as long as you give him something to drink and make sure not to end the dialogue.
If you return to Father Tully after finishing the game, he'll give you the Fallout 2 Hintbook which gives you 10,000 xp every time you use it and raises all your skills to 300% (possibly 299% if tagged). While on that topic, New Reno is one of the two places (Vault City being the other) where people will have new dialogue or floating text after you complete the game. Notably, there's the line about using the Mutated Toe on Horrigan.
If you enter the East Side during daytime there'll be children running around outside the Wright mansion; if they're not there, wait until noon, exit and re-enter the map. (Grab the 5 Rocks!) Talk to them to learn they're playing "metal insects". Don't threaten to kill them, or the Wrights will turn hostile. The kids will lead you into the desert to witness the secret transaction (see quest 6) if you have CH 7, have the Empathy perk, make a Speech check, or give them a handgun and get a good reaction (in fact, if you happen to carry a gun you'll have to give it to them before they'll bring you along). You get 1500 xp if you stay hidden until the transaction is completed. To leave the screen without being seen, walk straight down. If you gave the kids a gun (or even planted it on one of them), when you return to the East Side the four running kids will all have got themselves shot! You can retrieve your gun though.
If you're a Slaver, or if you're a Made Man of another family, you can't talk to the kids to begin with. If you're wearing any kind of Power Armor, you have to remove it before they'll talk to you. Incidentally, there's lots of different floating dialogue from townspeople in New Reno if you're wearing Power Armor.
If you already did quest 6 you won't get the 1500 xp, but if you're up to it you can get more kill xp than that out of this encounter. You should only do battle if you already finished your business with the Salvatores, though, because they'll know somehow and turn hostile.
To assassinate Boss Wright, give the kid a gun and tell him to wave it in his father's face and pull the trigger. You don't get any xp for this, though. You can still get the desert transaction by talking to the kids again. You can prevent the kids from shooting themselves or Orville if you steal the gun back before leaving the map.
Use Traps on Orville's safe, and even if it tells you that you were successful, don't stop until you get the message that you gained 100 xp (free Dynamite!). You can then pick it and take the stuff inside. If you leave the map and return, the safe will be re-trapped and locked (more free Dynamite!). In Orville's room, Ethyl's room, and the one on the bottom left, you can take plenty of stuff from the shelves without anyone complaining.
IN<4: You can follow the kids to the secret transaction by choosing one of the "incest" lines and then the first option each time after that. If you talk to Mrs Wright she gives you a Flower, a Nuka-Cola and $3. Finally rich!
Find a way into the Sierra Army Base 编辑
See the SAD section for how to accomplish this. Once you've actually been inside, return to Orville and you'll be a Made Man (1000 xp). In addition to the normal perks this means you can go to the station and get some Booze and Beer from the shelves without anyone making a fuss.
If you contaminate the base with a virus before reporting back, you get no reward. It's not like you deserve one.
Recover your stolen car 编辑
The first time you leave your car behind on Virgin Street, it will be gone when you return (the car, not the street). Don't worry, it's not actually a car bug (as many people have believed, with some justification). If you walk over to where the car was standing you'll get the option to follow the tracks. If you ask Jules about it he'll be very evasive, but if you threaten him he'll show you where the car was taken. The best option is to talk to Cody, the boy outside the Cat's Paw, and ask him to lead you to the car, which earns you 500 xp. You can also ask him who stole it (he'll indicate Jules was involved), but then you have to tell Jules you'll kill him if anything happens to Cody, before you leave this map, or else, well, something will happen to Cody. If by any chance you let something happen to Cody you can confront Jules about it, in which case he makes a run for it.
If you approach Cody in any kind of Power Armor, or if you offer him drugs or food, or if you're a Slaver or Childkiller, or if you have Lenny or Marcus in your party, or if your karma is -101 or lower, or if you have IN<4 and tell him anything other than that your car has been stolen, he'll run away. If you wait for a minute without leaving the map he'll calm down so you can try again, or else he'll never talk to you again.
Anyway. Once you're at the chop shop, go into the garage and seek out T-Ray. There are a few ways to get your car back:
If you're a Made Man of the Bishops you can tell him Bishop sent you for the car. He'll want money, and you can then offer him $1500, $900 or nothing; as long as you throw Bishop's name around he'll be too scared to object. When he mentions batteries the message window will say "Error" and you get 1002 xp. This is because the script really should have displayed line #1002 in T-Ray's dialogue file and given you 750 xp for getting free batteries (which you don't), but now it tries to print the non-existent line #750 instead...
Trick T-Ray into thinking you're a Made Man if you're not. This is bugged so that you make it if you fail your Speech check and your CH is 7 or less. You can actually talk to him again and again until you succeed (that is, fail). As regards money and xp this works exactly as above except you gain 750 additional xp.
Pay T-Ray $1000 for the car ($750 or $500 with good to decent Barter).
Sleep with him if you're female with CH>6 or Porn Star.
Try to drive away. The chop shop people will initiate combat after you do this twice. In case the critter who caught you is a cowardly mechanic he'll run away; you can then use the car again and off you go. If it's a thug, however, you'll have to...
Kill the whole bunch.
You get 750 xp for resolving the situation in any of the first five ways; if you drove off you have to return to get the xp. If you left T-Ray alive you can pay him $500 ($300 with decent Barter) for a general car upgrade: increased trunk space (which is a blessing) and better engine performance. It's important that you get this upgrade right away, because once you drive the car off the map and return you'll lose all dialogue choices due to a scripting glitch (the "drive away" strategy is not really recommended for this reason). You can, of course, blow everyone away after the deal is complete, for the combat xp and the stuff in their lockers.
The Made Man thing is bugged in more ways than one (in fact, T-Ray is certainly the most heavily bugged person in this game). Firstly, $2700 is taken from your inventory as soon as T-Ray mentions payment (assuming you let him), and if you then offer $1500 or $900 you'll lose that sum in addition to the $2700. It all ends up in T-Ray's inventory, though, so it may not be a problem. If you exit dialogue directly when you lose the $2700 the car will be yours, but then you don't get the xp for tricking T-Ray or for the batteries.
You can access the trunk while the car is still not "yours".
IN<4: You can get to the chop shop by following the car tracks, or by following Cody. You can only get the car back by driving away or killing everyone, though, so no upgrades for you.
If you have already won the game when you buy your car back, talk to T-Ray again after getting the trunk upgrade and he'll offer you free "grav-plates" which will make the car zoom around the map and reduce fuel consumption to next to nothing. Because of T-Ray's dialogue bug you can't leave the map with the car until you've finished the game if you want the grav-plates, or he'll just stare at you stupidly when you come to visit him. (Contrary to popular lore, however, you can have it stolen before then, and even buy it back - as long as you leave it in the chop shop!) A carless game is no fun, so if you're going for the plates it simply means you must never leave your car unattended on Virgin Street. One way to go about this is to talk to Jules when you get to New Reno the first time to get Golgotha on the world map, leave the car there, return to New Reno on foot and walk to 2nd Street. Now return for the car, and for the rest of the game you can park it on any of the other New Reno maps. (A quicker, if not 100% legit way of accomplishing this is to hit 2 through 4 on the New Reno town map instead of making the round trip.) Unless you really want to see the effects of the grav-plates, I'd say a better car during the game is much preferable to an even better car after the game.
T-Ray says you can buy batteries from him (and if you're Made Man of the Bishops you're supposed to get them for free), but he never has any. You can hit the barter button in case you want to trade back whatever cash he got from you for junk. In fact there's a scripting bug here so that he checks your inventory for Small Energy Cell or Micro Fusion Cell, so if you carry any of these he'll say he has some batteries to sell - only he doesn't.
Female characters can also keep on making love to T-Ray for the upgrade and/or batteries. This is heavily bugged, and you won't get either although the message window says you do. Keep on making sweet love and T-Ray will blow up, but this causes my game to black out (I hear the "explosion" sounds but my screen stays black after the fade-out). One time, though, I was able to sleep with him repeatedly without even getting the car back for my troubles, and after a while of this he blew up properly. Tvoinpyer adds on the blackout: "You can save your game at that moment although you cannot see anything. Press F4 and Enter twice. That should save the game. Then exit the game (Ctrl-Q followed by Y), restart Fallout 2 and load the saved game. If all goes well it should load the map with T-Ray blown up." The procedure as described will overwrite the first save slot; quicksaving with F6 also works.
Find out who was responsible for Richard Wright's overdose 编辑
Go to Keith Wright and ask for work. He won't let you in if you're a Berserker or Childkiller or have -101 karma or worse, and you must also pass a Speech check (more difficult for Slavers). You'll get in with a recommendation from Chris Wright at the railway station, but he's got the same standards only he's very strict about the Slaver thing. In any case, talk to Orville Wright. If you maintain Richard may have taken Jet on his own accord, Orville will attack, so don't (Chris is also a bit touchy concerning this matter). Keith Wright will name the usual suspects: Jules, Jimmy J, Little Jesus and Renesco; with IN 7 you can also ask him to tell you which room was Richard's. Go there and search the bookcase inside the door... you'll find a Jet canister behind it, and 500 xp. If you walk around talking to the dealers they all point the finger at each other. But if you show the Empty Jet Canister to Jagged Jimmy J, he can tell you it was poisoned (500 xp), and if you mention this to Renesco, you find out the Salvatores ordered a poisoned canister from him (1000 xp). Another way of going about this is to dig up Richard's grave in Golgotha (which Renesco will put on the map if you ask him about Richard) and examine it to find he was poisoned and then mentioning this to Renesco, for the same total amount of xp (but you'll be a Grave Digger this way, which you may or may not care about). You can confront the Salvatores with this info, but it just leads to a fight.
Return to Orville. If you opened the grave, don't tell him. Now, you can finger any of the four dealers involved for 500 xp, $250, 2 Booze and 20 Shotgun Shells as long as you've talked to them or heard anyone else name them as suspects. If the person in question is dead already, then Orville will attack. Otherwise the accused person will disappear, and that's that. However, if you tell Orville about the involvement of the Salvatores you get $350, 2 Booze and 40 Shotgun Shells, and if you manage to deduce their motive (IN 7 needed, plus you must know about all the families) you also get 2000 xp. It doesn't matter if Salvatore is dead or not.
You can get both the 500 xp for "fingering a suspect" and the 2000 xp for cracking the case if you first say Richard was poisoned, then happen to mention Renesco's name, then tell Orville that Renesco wasn't ultimately responsible for the murder and finally figure out the Salvatores' motive. Renesco won't come to any harm this way, either. Note that you can't do this the other way around, i.e. fingering Renesco and then say the Salvatores were behind him.
If you finger Little Jesus, the Mordino family will turn hostile.
If you're playing an evil character, one way of getting the Wright quests is to talk to Chris or Keith Wright while you're still not too evil and get permission to talk to Mr Wright. Another, trickier way is to force-feed Keith some alcohol to lower his Perception, enter Sneak mode, open the door and talk to Mr Wright. Take his first quest, finger a suspect you don't like (or go and finish the quest properly if you want), then take the second quest to get the SAD on your world map. Note that you must be sneaking all the time while talking to Orville, since he will attack if he sees you after you open the door without permission.
Turning the Wright family hostile will set this quest to failed even if you already finished it or never got it (in which case it appears crossed out in your Pipboy). This has no effect in the game, but may change the ending for this quest as well as (in rare cases) the ending for New Reno.
In the unpatched version you get 2000 additional xp when first saying Richard was poisoned.
Track down Pretty Boy Lloyd, recover the stolen money, and make an... example of him 编辑
Rule number one: Mason is an arrogant asshole. The temptation to kill him is great, but we need him alive for now. Tell him you have information or want a job to get an audience with Salvatore. You can piss Salvatore off in any number of ways, try not to do that. Before leaving, might as well pick up a Laser Pistol from the footlocker for Eldridge. To find Lloyd you need to go to the basement of the Desperado casino. There are some rats down here, and stuff on the floor... plus one human rat behind a locked door, Mr Lloyd himself. Rule number two: You can't let Lloyd get away alive, or Salvatore will know it and you will be attacked when you return. You can get Lloyd to tell you where the money is buried in Golgotha (which appears on your map), and kill him right away, or get him to come along with you (which is best, requires IN 6). You can intimidate him if you have ST 6, if you're wearing any kind of power or combat armour, if you're a Berserker, or if you have at least one follower. This way you can make him give you his money, and if you let him scamper you can still go and pick up the treasure, but Salvatore won't shower you with flowers.
Though Lloyd's bugs are not as obvious and significant as T-Ray's, there are probably even more of them: he has maybe two dozen minor script errors, inconsistencies and redundancies. For instance, following specific routes through the dialogue in town and/or in Golgotha you may be led to the grave but not be able to enter it, or be able to enter it though you haven't heard of it.
If you came by yourself, walk to the third grave from the right in the top section. (Lloyd's directions don't make any sense and the grave is not marked "Arch Stanton".) Use Traps on it and you get a Plastic Explosive in your inventory. Then use a Shovel (you won't become a Grave Digger) and walk onto the open grave to enter the fallout shelter and collect the $1000. By the way, you can't enter the grave if you come here before talking to Lloyd about it.
If you came with Lloyd, you can tell him to dig, in which case you get the Plastic Explosive, or you can dig yourself, in which case the bomb goes off in your face and Lloyd attacks, or you can check for traps, in which case you may find the Plastic Explosive or set it off (to find it you should first pass a Sneak check or have IN 7 and Traps 51%, then have Traps 51% or pass a Traps check). If nothing went boom, you can choose to let Lloyd go down first (he attacks when you follow), go down first yourself (he attacks when you come back up, why didn't he make a run for it, the stupid git?), or tell him to go down, then throw the landmine in after him, which is fun ("All in a day's work"), but costs you a Plastic Explosive. If you let him go down and then wait for him to come back up he'll escape somehow, so don't do that.
If you already visited Golgotha and used Traps on the grave to get the Plastic Explosives, there'll be another one once you've talked to Lloyd (and the grave will be covered if you dug it up).
If you kill Lloyd you lose 10 karma, no matter if he attacked you first. However, if any of your party members deals the final blow, you don't lose any karma. Even more strangely, dropping the landmine on Lloyd only costs you 5 karma.
If you have Sneak 76% or Sneak tagged, you can tell Lloyd he can take off on his own, then follow him from New Reno to Golgotha. If you pass either a Sneak check or an Outdoorsman check, you'll find Lloyd having retrieved the cash (but not the Plastic Explosives) and making his way down across the map; he'll enter combat immediately when he spots you. If you fail both skill checks, you'll only find an empty fallout shelter and no Lloyd.
Returning to Mr Salvatore there are a million things you can say to piss him or Mason off, as usual. If you killed Lloyd and give the correct amount to Salvatore you get 500 xp, $500, and the next quest (if Renesco's dead he doesn't have any more work for you).
If you talk to Lloyd before getting this quest the dialogue is a bit different (you can tell him to give you his money which amounts to $57, but you'll get it later anyway), but you can get the same results and follow him to Golgotha without the IN 6 requirement. Then when you get the quest you can tell Mason you already took care of Lloyd.
When talking to Salvatore there's always a respectful line that you get with CH 6 or IN 8 which will make him respect you more, and a coarse line which will not. If you want to get quest 6 and become a Made Man later on you must pick most of the respectful ones.
Go visit Renesco the Rocketman and collect Mr. Salvatore's tribute of $1000 编辑
Make sure you have plenty of room in your inventory. Go to Renesco and ask for the tribute, keep telling him Salvatore sent you. Don't even consider going back to Salvatore for confirmation, Mason will not be impressed. Also don't threaten with violence or Renesco won't talk to you again. When he says he's broke, suggest that he give you a discount in exchange for you paying the tribute (IN 7 needed), and then tell him you want to see his stuff right away (you won't get another chance). You can now get all his stuff for a song. When you return to Salvatore and give him $1000, you get $250 back ($100 if he doesn't like your manners) and 750 xp, so in the end you get several thousand bucks' worth of equipment for $751. Oh, and before you return for the next Salvatore quest, make sure you've heard from Father Tully or Jules about the "lightbringers".
When you enter the barter screen after getting the discount, Renesco's stuff (except the money) may be worth $0 right away. It can also happen that the cost is merely reduced by a factor. In my case that factor was initially 5; however, after I left the barter screen and re-entered by telling him again I wanted to make "purchases", the prices were reduced by a factor of 100 instead (this is because the discount modifier is applied each time you enter that dialogue node). By trading things back and forth, you can quickly and easily get the whole of Renesco's inventory for a mere $1 (including his cash - trade something for it which you can then get back for free).
Even if you put the $1000 for the tribute in Renesco's inventory, he'll still say he can't afford it. What a dork.
Unlike the quest to get the Corsican Brothers' money for Mordino or getting Becky's money in the Den, you can actually give Salvatore $1000 without even going to see Renesco. Since money's money it does make some sense.
Help guard a secret transaction taking place in the desert 编辑
You will only be offered this job if Salvatore likes you, and if you didn't destroy the Enclave (but you probably didn't yet). If you know about the laser weapons, you get the opportunity to ask for one, which Salvatore will grant unless he barely trusts you enough to give you the quest. When you talk to Mason (he'll give you 24 hours to prepare, and attack if you're late) tell him Salvatore said to give you a lightbringer and then ask for training. You get a Laser Pistol, and your Energy Weapons skill will go up by 5%. Next you're teleported to the desert meeting place. Some more foreshadowing... a fresher vertibird than the one in Klamath, and those guys look like the one on the monitor in the Gecko power plant. Don't move an inch until you're told you can go, or everyone will start shooting at you. Once the transaction is complete you're free to move wherever you want, but there isn't much to do. Leave the screen and return to Salvatore for 1000 xp. If you turn down his offer to become a Made Man, he'll attack. If you accept, you get another 1000 xp, and you can still attack him if you want, so what's to lose? Then go pick up your "armload" of items from Mason. If Mason and Salvatore like you, you get $300, 80 Small Energy Cell and a Metal Armor Mark II. If Salvatore likes you but Mason doesn't, you get $150 and a Metal Armor. Finally if none of them likes you, you only get lousy $50. In either case you also get a Laser Pistol if you didn't get one before the quest.
Winning Mason's approval is easy: just put up with his remarks and don't be snide. Getting Salvatore's respect counter high enough is trickier, since it's not enough simply to follow the dialogue and pick the polite options. The trick is to raise it when you first meet him by saying you have information and using his name, then immediately leave dialogue by saying you're in the wrong room (which amazingly doesn't make him want to see you dead). You only have to do this once if you follow the optimal dialogue path afterwards, but it doesn't hurt to repeat a few times.
You can do this quest and get the 1500 xp from following the Wright kids to see the transaction, if you go with the Wrights first. However, if you get this quest but tell Mason you need more time, then go to the Wright kids and follow them, you'll end up among the Salvatores and not get the 1500 xp. Uh, so don't do that.
Taking out the women in power armour isn't at all impossible (they're armed with Pancor Jackhammers), but then the Salvatores will be hostile when you return to New Reno. If you want to fight them, do this quest first and follow the Wright kids later.
Okan S. Tezcan adds: "When you've completed the secret transaction job Salvatore has given to you, go talk to him with Intelligence 3 or less. When he asks you to join their family, because you're dumb you can't talk to him and the dialogue screen closes. You don't join the family, you gain the job's xp, plus you can repeat this. Every time you talk to him, it happens as if you have done the job again and you get 1000 xp for free."
Lon Giese relates: "Sometimes after becoming a Made Man of the Salvatores, Boss Salvatore stops talking to me or reacting to anything unless I attack him or his people, then he will try to run away. Even if I steal his Oxygen Tank and/or plant the Poison Tank there is absolutely no reaction. The only notable thing he does is to stand and wave his arms occasionally. When I get this bug Boss Mordino will claim Salvatore is still alive if I killed Salvatore in combat." The bug triggers if you click on Salvatore after becoming a Made Man, or after being told he has no use for you; at that point his script freezes, failing to set the proper variable if he's killed and making an assassination impossible (you can test this by shooting him once and then checking your character sheet - if you're still a Made Man, the bug is active). If you save and load the game, though, he should be back to "normal" for as long as you don't click on him again, so all is not lost if you happen to set off the bug.
Find some endorphin blockers to make a cure for Jet 编辑
Talk to Myron (see the Stables) and ask him about a cure for Jet addiction. With IN 7 and Science 81% (or IN 9 and Science 76%) you can convince him there might be a cure, and you get this quest, 2000 xp, and a hint that you should go to Vault City next (it appears on your map). (He also mentions "pre-holocaust bases", which is a reference to an unimplemented area.) Go there and talk to Dr Troy for another 2000 xp, and you get 2 Jet Antidotes (this crosses out Vault City quest 3 even if you didn't have it). See the Redding section for info on what to do next.
If you already picked up the antidote from Dr Troy, or if you successfully blackmailed him, you can't ask Myron or Troy about a cure any more. Therefore, get the VC quest to deliver Jet, get Myron and talk to him about Jet, deliver the sample and introduce Myron to the doctor, then immediately talk to Myron about the cure and talk to the doctor about endorphin blockers, and you'll have got all the xp you can from these quests.
This quest is never crossed out on your quest list.
Bust up Wright's still beneath the train station 编辑
Save before talking to Mrs Wright, for there are lots of dialogue paths that end with her not talking to you any more. Also make sure that you've heard about the Wright family (you don't have to know about the stills) from, say, Jules or Chris Wright at the train station. Ask about her husband and say his alcohol business is making New Reno a worse place to live in; she'll tell you to meet her the next morning at the church. Go to Father Tully's and wait until 6 a.m. When Mrs Wright shows up, offer to wreck the stills and go to the basement where they are. (While you're there, don't miss the ice fridge among the barrels, containing a Cat's Paw Magazine among other things.) Stand in the niche beside any of the first three stills from the right, then use Science or Repair or a Crowbar, Tool or Wrench on the still to destroy them all for 500 xp. You can also use Dynamite, but that will alert the Wrights (you can run out of the building before the Dynamite goes off and they won't turn hostile right away, but probably will later on). Once you return to Mrs Wright, ask for a cash reward and you get $237 and the Louisville Slugger, a one-of-a-kind weapon. This quest doesn't affect your other business with the Wrights in any way.
You can also tell Mrs Wright she should bust the stills herself... and she does. You get the 500 xp right away, and the message box exclaims "*Sigh*". What the heck? You get no other reward this way, though.
Mrs Wright won't talk to you at all if you're a Porn Star or a Slaver, except if you already got the quest in which case you can finish it.
Before destroying the stills, you can use a Scorpion Tail on them if you want. What happens? Well, Orville Wright will mention it if you become a Made Man of the Wrights and ask him what's up. Also junkies and addicts across town will fall over dead as time passes... including Father Tully!
If you destroy the stills in between getting the quest and meeting Mrs Wright by the church, you don't get any xp (unless you tell her to destroy the stills herself), though you do get the bat and money.
Assassinate Westin in NCR without making it look like a murder 编辑
You're offered this job after you deliver Moore's briefcase. (If you already killed Westin, he gives you the next quest instead.) Bishop will offer $500, but you can make him give you $750 (Barter) or $1000 (Barter or IN 8) instead. Due to a bug you'll actually get $1000 if you ask for $750, but due to another bug it's easier to make the Barter check for $1000 (go figure). Make sure you've done all quests in NCR and Vault City involving Westin, then head over to NCR (which appears on your map) and Westin's ranch. Use the Poison from Doc Jubilee's house or a dose of Jet, Buffout or Psycho on Westin, and he'll have a heart attack. Killing him by planting explosives works as well (natural death, yeah), but a Sneak-kill does not. Return to Bishop for your monetary reward, 2000 xp and the next quest (unless you killed Westin normally, in which case Bishop will be unhappy).
If you talk to Bishop after delivering the briefcase, without being a Made Man or having an active quest, and he doesn't have any job to give you, Bishop will accuse you of screwing up the Westin assassination (whether you have done so or not) and violence follows. Typically this happens because you killed Westin and/or Carlson out of turn.
For some major overkill, use a Super Stimpak on Westin and he gets hits with 10,000 points of damage! This even fulfils the "without making it look like murder" condition.
Murder Carlson in NCR 编辑
Do this (see the NCR section). Upon return you get 2500 xp for whacking Carlson, and 1000 xp for becoming a Made Man of the Bishop family. But if you ever got into the conversation about the raiders or sleeping with his wife/daughter where Bishop forced you into working for him, he apparently doesn't trust you enough to make you a Made Man, so he attacks instead. Also he attacks if you turn down his offer. If you already killed Carlson, Bishop won't give you this quest.
If you didn't also perform quest 9 for Bishop you won't get to be a Made Man if you ask for more work after this, but you will if you pick the "pleasure doing business" line. What's more, due to a bug you get no money if you settle for the $500 that Bishop offers you. With IN 8, however, you can ask for $1000 and get it too.
Deliver ten Cat's Paw magazines to Miss Kitty 编辑
Go to the Cat's Paw carrying a magazine and ask Miss Kitty what it is, and she'll ask for ten of them. Return once you have that many. She'll offer $500... you can ask for $750, but don't do that! Instead choose the dialogue line about the stickiness of issue five. You'll get a duplicate issue which raises Energy Weapons by 10% when "consumed"! In any case you get 1000 xp for delivering the magazines. If you're having problems finding 10 Cat's Paw Magazines, here's a list of places to look:
In an outhouse in Klamath.
On a girl in the bathhouse (steal).
In the bookcase in the Duntons' locked room.
The Duntons have one in their shop inventory each time they restock.
Flick in the Den has a 50% chance of getting one when he restocks.
In a bookshelf in Cassidy's bar.
Male characters can get one from Phyllis.
In a footlocker on level 2 of the Vault City vault.
On a ghoul at The Harp (steal).
On two of the ghouls in the Gecko reactor (steal).
One in the raiders' safe and one in a footlocker on the same map.
In a pot on the first Broken Hills map (steal back from Typhon after giving it to him).
In a bookcase in Myron's room at the Stables.
In an ice chest in the Wrights' basement.
In Bishop's safe.
In a desk on level 2 of the SAD.
In a desk on level 2 of Vault 15.
In a locker in the Navarro hangar.
Deliver a laser pistol to Eldridge 编辑
After you've heard about the lightbringers from Jules or Father Tully, you can ask Eldridge about them and offer to bring him one. For this he'll pay you $1500, and you get 500 xp. Nothing more to it.
He won't accept a Magneto-Laser Pistol, so you can't let Algernon upgrade it for the ammo before you part with the gun.
Deliver Big Jesus's package to Ramirez at the Stables 编辑
Go to Big Jesus on the first floor of the Desperado and ask for work. If you didn't get the introduction from Little Jesus you first have to pass a Speech check, but you can try this any number of times as long as you don't start pleading. Next he'll accept you if you're male and have ST 6, or if you're wearing any kind of combat or power armour; if not, you have to pass another Speech check (which is easier if you have CH 6). Anyway, when you accept the quest you're teleported to the Stables, where you should enter through the nearest door. Give the box to Ramirez for 500 xp. While you're here, might as well look around a little. Mordino will give you $100 and the next quest when you return to him. Once you've got the job it doesn't matter if you pick the "Senor" lines or not.
You can open the box and find 5 Jet... but if you give the opened box to Ramirez (still 500 xp) he'll attack, and the whole Mordino family will want to kill you, which is bad at this stage.
I have experienced a car bug when taking this quest, as described in the Addenda section. It ordinarily shouldn't happen; if the car is on Virgin Street when you start the journey it should be stolen if it wasn't before, otherwise it should remain there. Save before taking the quest if you want to be safe.
Collect tribute from the Corsican Brothers 编辑
Go to the Corsican Brother at the Golden Globes. He'll give you $250 right away, and you get a chance to audition for a movie (same as usual). Return with the cash to Mordino and you get to keep $125 plus you get 500 xp and the next quest.
If you get all fifteen New Reno quests, the Pipboy window won't be able to display this one and the next. Move the mouse around below the window and you'll see them.
Assassinate Boss Salvatore for Big Jesus Mordino 编辑
You get 750 xp and $500 when you return after killing Salvatore (1000 xp if you managed a proper assassination). With a CH of 6 or more you also get a Leather Armor Mark II and a "Grease Gun". If you get the armour and either thank him properly or have CH 9, Mordino will ask you to become a Made Man of the Mordinos. Accept and you get 1000 xp, decline and you get assaulted. If you already killed Salvatore you don't get the quest.
Golgotha 编辑
“ Nothing more boring than bein' in a coffin for months. ”
—Coffin Willie
Obviously you can have great fun digging up those graves. If you only want to loot the profitable graves without taking the karma plunge from digging up every single one, you'll have to decide for yourself which those are. Save, dig, reload and redig selectively. If you dig them all up you find:
1 Mirrored Shades
90 Morningstar Mine Scrip
1 Leather Jacket
2 10mm SMG
1 Switchblade
1 Leather Armor
1 Doctor's Bag
1 Empty Hypodermic
1 Shovel
1 Crowbar
1 Rope
2 Rot Gut
1 Shotgun
20 12 ga. Shotgun Shells
1 Gold Tooth
1 Pack of Marked Cards
1 Loaded Dice
2 Gamma Gulp Beer
1 Roentgen Rum
1 Spear
1 Healing Powder
1 Metal Armor
1 Spiked Knuckles
If you talked to Myron about the Mordino stash, go to the third grave from the top in the southern sector. This previously empty grave now contains:
1 Antidote
40 .44 Magnum JHP
1 .44 Magnum Revolver
1 Gold Nugget
Note that you will be a Grave Digger if you recover this stash. Myron is supposed to point out the grave for you, but this will only happen the very first time you visit the map, and it will still not be entirely clear which one he's referring to.
Dig up the grave on the top left of the bottom section, and you'll unearth a ghoul who walks away muttering. If Lenny is with you it turns out the ghoul is his dad, but nothing else happens, and if you kill Coffin Willie then Lenny doesn't react. Doing this does not make you a Grave Digger.
Over in the right section there is a solitary cross marked "Trash" which brings up the hand icon when you place the mouse pointer over it. If you got the clue from the Magic 8-Ball, manipulate it to gain $374. You are now officially rich. Note: due to a bug you must also have got the clue for the toilet grenades, but that shouldn't be any problem.
The Stables 编辑
“ You should be glad I'm with you to point out all your stupid mistakes. ”
In spite of how Jules and JJJ ramble on about security, this place is a Swiss cheese; you can run around wildly opening doors and chatting to the guards, as long as you don't try to loot containers in front of them. None of the tables of stuff has anything on it. If you have Science 76% you can talk to Marjorie Reed about Jet and Redding and get a Stables ID Badge for 500 xp. Male characters can charm her with the same results if they have CH 6 and one of the following: Smooth Talker, CH 7 or Speech 66%. You can also steal the badge off her. You can't talk to her with Myron in your party, but just drop him off if you need to.
Here's an almost completely pointless and absurdly obscure way of going to the Stables. You need IN 7, CH 6 and Science 76% and must be female to do it, and you must not have recruited Myron yet. First you must talk to Marjorie Reed about her research until she mentions that Myron receives a lot of prostitute visitors. Then return to New Reno and talk to Jagged Jimmy J about Myron until he tells you how these prostitutes are selected (Jules has a similar set of dialogue, but doesn't provide the crucial info). This allows you to go to Miss Kitty and ask her if you can volunteer to go see Myron. You are then deposited outside the Stables compound with no further instructions. Only thing is, since you had to talk to Reed for this to happen, you have obviously already been there, so the only thing you get for your troubles is 500 xp.
In the cattle pen, look for a brahmin with a different description that goes about grunting. Use Doctor on it for a reward of 100 xp and 50 Micro Fusion Cell. If you fail your skill check three times, the cow will attack; in this case you don't get the cells, even if you run away and return later or if you kill the cow and wait for the corpse to dissolve. Amazing fact: you can make the brahmin poo go away by using a Shovel on it.
Go down through one of the two manholes. To get past the door to Myron's room you can either flash an ID Badge, tell them you have an appointment if you're female (need CH 6 or being a Porn Star), or let one of your NPCs walk through the door so that it opens and just step through without talking to the guards. Talk to Myron about Jet and stuff, and get him to join you for 750 xp (you can get through this by just pressing 1 repeatedly if you've done it before), although you might want to dump him fairly immediately. You should be sure to get New Reno quest 7 from him eventually. If you don't plan on picking him up you can still make him give you all his stuff if you killed the guards.
The script which makes Myron react if you search his tables is still active after you recruit him, but all that happens is that he'll enter combat mode and run away for one round (though he may also choose to use up Jet if he's still carrying it). On an amusing note, you can kill Myron in front of the guards once you recruit him and they won't bat an eyelid.
IN<4: You can't get Myron to join you, but you can make him give you everything in his inventory. If you're a woman with CH 6 or more, this dialogue is different. If you first introduce yourself then try to leave conversation, Myron will offer a sleeping drug. If you have EN 7 or Chem Resistant but not Chem Reliant, you'll withstand the effects and can then get all of Myron's stuff if you pick the lines 1, 2 and 2. If you succumb to the drug Myron will have his way with you (All: Eww!) and try to use a Booze on you.
Myron will spawn some items the first time you either recruit him, attack him or tell him to give you all his stuff: 3 Super Stimpaks, 3 Stimpaks, 2 Jet and 1 Red Condom. This doesn't make much of a practical difference except if you were going to sneak in and steal his things without talking to him, or blow him up.
Tom Hibbs: "There is a bug where Myron's guards become obscenely interested in being near you. Before Myron is invited to join your party, if he yells for the guards they run in and stand very close to you, running after you when you move. They won't attack you, but it is impossible to lock them inside another room which can become extremely annoying. This can lead to them cornering you in tight areas since you can't push them away." The trigger for this is that you appear sneaking or armed before Myron when he's schedulded to make a float.
Once you've killed the Mordinos in town, you can return here and clean out the place. You can't free the slaves though, in fact some of them will fight alongside the guards. If you turn the guards hostile the Mordinos in town will turn hostile and vice versa, but you can fight the two outside Myron's room without anyone noticing.
Sierra Army Depot 编辑
“ "Is that a REAL robot?"
"Yeah, but don't bother it. I think it wants to destroy the human race." ”
—Wright kid and The Chosen One
There's no way to get the SAD on your world map except getting the quest from Wright to break into it. As you arrive here the place is a mess, with bodies lying in heaps. A good idea is to leave your party members by the exit grid, grab a Scoped Hunting Rifle or the like and pick the turrets off from outside their range. In addition to the stuff on the bodies you should find:
1 Plasma Grenade
3 Frag Grenade
2 Desert Eagle .44
2 10mm Pistol
1 Assault Rifle
1 Sniper Rifle
To the northwest there's a bunker with three traps outside, a trap on the door, and a trap on one of the ammo crates inside (the locked one). Get the Howitzer Shell and use it on the howitzer in the building to the right (which has three mines in front of the door, one in the gap by the truck, and one near the barrels and tyres). Then use the howitzer to blow a hole in the entrance to the depot. If for some twisted reason you put an NPC by the doors they'll take damage.
No, you can't take the Howitzer Shell back to the New Reno Arms and use it on the howitzer in the basement. It would have been cool. I remember back in Needles...
If you enter the fenced-in area in the northeast corner you'll take electrical damage. Down the manhole is a small room where you can throw a switch to put the base on backup power, which has the effect of turning the yellow impassable forcefields in the base into red ones which damage you as you pass (but which also hurt the robots). This is a bad idea, since you can use Repair on the yellow ones to pass them painlessly. Also it makes it darker inside, which is boring.
Once you're on the inside you can report back to Orville Wright. Pick up the Password Paper from the desk, and the Evacuation Holodisk if you like. (All holodisks in this place are for flavour only.) The yellow forcefield can be disabled with Repair, as can all the rest. If you access the computer after reading the note, you can type in the correct password to deactivate all forcefields on the level. If you know a little Science, instead enter an incorrect password and then hack the computer for 200 xp. If you use Lockpick, Science or Repair on the actual forcefield you'll be zapped for some damage.
In the depot, dropping a Dynamite next to a forcefield emitter will cause it to turn into a red forcefield or destroy it entirely depending on whether you pass a Traps check, but it also sets off the alarm. If you damage an emitter but don't knock out the field, setting another charge right away may cause the game to crash.
Search the rooms to the right for a Yellow Memory Module, a Dixon's Eye and a Bio Med Gel, and don't miss the wall lockers. Pick up the Combat Armor and stuff from the lockers in the barracks. Using the punching bags in the gym will raise your Unarmed by 5% each (4% if tagged). Keep in mind that you may want to put this off until you've received training in San Francisco.
Take Dixon's Eye to Mason in New Reno and tell him something clever about the Mason-Dixon line. No, wait, you can't. Daaamn.
The elevator on the right will open if you use Dixon's Eye on the retinal scanner, and will then take you to level 2 or 3. Or you could just pick the door to the elevator on the left, which will take you to all four levels of the depot. There is a second computer on this level which will give you 250 xp for "hacking" into it if you choose the diagnostic option then choose not to run the test. If the alarm is active the dialogue is a little different and you can then get the xp by either hacking the terminal (IN 8, decent Science) or pressing help and again not running the diagnostic test (PE 7). Turning on the alarm doesn't release the bots, and actually running the diagnostic test locks up the terminal. You can set off the alarm properly by entering two incorrect passwords in the first computer. A bunch of robots will appear from behind sliding panels and attack. From each of the riflebots you can get a Robot Motivator, and you really want one of those for later.
You can also set off the alarm on any level by failing to disable or enable a specific forcefield more than two times, or by using your own eye on the retinal scanners. Each level has its own separate alarm state. A few computer terminals will lock up if the alarm is triggered (so you'd better do anything related to them before you start whacking things), but not crucial ones like the brain retrieval console. Level 4 is special in the way that the bots don't turn hostile, but will fight back if attacked. General robot and turret fighting tip: disabling their sensors with aimed shots takes all the fight out of them.
If you release the robots on level 1 then turn off the alarm, they may turn invisible again depending on where they are (the "cloaked" area is a rectangle covering the hidden compartments and the space in between, but not the side corridors). If you disabled the alarm using the terminal they'll keep making floats even if they're not visible.
Attempting to hack the terminal and failing will shut you out permanently from this terminal and the alarm terminal on level 2, and vice versa.
The reason why the alarm terminal doesn't release the bots is actually that it's bugged and sets the wrong variable, so that instead you'll end up with what looks like a permanent RadAway addiction on your character sheet. Though this may be mostly annoying (your Radiation Resistance is unaffected), it does seem to protect you from "real" RadAway addiction.
It's possible to get permanently stuck here, as told by David Lönn: "The door to the elevator on level one is open because I opened it earlier but didn't use it, so I don't need the eye, which now has been dropped somewhere on the floor. I enter, and take the elevator to level three. The door shuts behind me, and I'm effectively stuck. I haven't got Dixon's or Clifton's Eye, so I can't access either of the elevators. I haven't got any explosives on me. And, it appears that my puny Repair skill isn't able to bring down the forcefields, no matter how many times I try." A Repair skill of 41% is necessary to have any chance of disabling the forcefields (a Tool will help, but not a Super Tool Kit). Another way to get stuck is to let Vic get you inside the forcefields and wait until they turn back on. Then shoot Vic.
On level 2 you find a computer next to the left elevator where you can turn off the automated repair system for 200 xp (PE 7 and LK 8 will provide alternatives to a Science check). A critical failure will disable the terminal. Go to the room to the south (Lockpick 100% recommended for the door) and loot all the ammo crates for some serious armour and weaponry, such as a Plasma Rifle and 2 Combat Armors. Don't miss the row of small crates behind the wall.
The bots in this room, with one exception, will not fight back if attacked, nor does this alert the other bots on the level. In all they're worth 8250 xp, which isn't so bad when you first get here. The exception is the rocketbot closest to the yellow forcefield. Though your NPCs won't fire on the active bot, they may hit it while trying to burst-fire at something behind it, so you'd better save first. Or put this off until later when you're cleaning out the base for fun and experience.
If you want some xp, you can go around using Repair or a Tool on each of the dormant bots. You'll gain either 200 xp (if you succeed and get the message "You seem to have disabled the robot") or 75 xp (if you fail and get the message "You seem to have repaired the robot completely", which will heal the bot if it was damaged). This goes for all bots in the depot except the passive ones in the repair bay. Sometimes, it seems, this can also produce freak messages from other parts of the game. The "disabled" bots will still fight you if it comes to that, though they don't mill about or initiate combat themselves.
Destroyed rocketbots aren't lootable, but you can still search them if there's another, lootable body on the same hex (like a dead riflebot or an unconscious NPC); you can then access the rocketbot by clicking the arrows in the loot interface. Some of them will have Miniguns that you can pick up no matter how the robot was killed. Others will be armed with Robo Rocket Launchers and that's a little trickier; see the Toxic Caves section for how to get hold of these. The passive bots don't have anything.
The repair system doesn't actually do anything if you leave it on (it's related to an unimplemented feature with repair bots).
The sentrybots won't attack you unless you set off the alarm or attack them. Now in the passages to either side of the laser tripwire there's a row of traps, but the tripwire itself doesn't do anything. Near the top of the level you'll find a "hidden" searchable crate which contains rockets and grenades. In the room on the middle right you find a Cookie, a rare item (of the kind which you never end up using). The alarm computer in the middle of the level works mostly like the corresponding one on level 1. If you activate the alarm you can turn it off twice (using the "hack" and "attempt to turn off" options) and gain 500 xp and 550 xp respectively. Hacking requires IN 8 and you should have Science 80-90% before attempting this, and save first (with Science 106% you'll automatically succeed, though). With PE 7 you can deactivate the alarm by running the self-diagnostic program, but it gives no experience.
The computer at the bottom right is a bit trickier as it seems to be slightly bugged. Reading the mail does nothing except that if you read the "penpal greetings", the computer is infected with a virus and becomes inoperational. You can hack the forcefields, in which case you get 200 xp and the shock plates turn off, but the forcefields stay in place (bugged, as I said). Hacking the shock plates does exactly the same thing (but you cannot get the xp twice; also if you disable the shock plates then try again and fail, they turn back on). Science 90% will let you pass the skill checks; failing critically will disable the terminal. You can guess the password to the forcefields, in which case they turn off (no xp). Lastly you can try to guess the password for the shock plates, which apparently cannot be done even with LK 10.
Onwards to level 3. To access the new elevator you have to use Clifton's Eye instead (which also gives clearance for the other elevator), and this is located in the wall locker in the far northeast room. When you access the alarm computer on this level it doesn't behave like the other ones due to an override. Don't tell it you're Dixon, or the robots will turn hostile on levels 1-3 and the four alarm computers plus the password computer on level 1 will zap you for some damage if you try to use them again. If you tell it your name or that you're a friend, this will turn off the alarm for this level.
In the left branch of the T-junction there are two traps to watch out for. Talk to Skynet the artificial intelligence by accessing the terminal by the large mainframe. It will ask you to help it "escape" from the depot. You can ask it to reset the security systems, which means that any hostile robots in the depot turn dormant again but not much more. If you say "It's nice to want" then the same thing will happen as when you tell it you're Dixon (but if you have Speech 76% you can apologize and prevent this).
If you anger Skynet, then talk to it again and agree to help, it'll turn the alarm off for level 3 but at the same time turn it on for levels 1-2, to encourage you to stay and finish the job. Angering Skynet is the only way to release the four rocketbots inside the wall on level 3, and like the robots on level 1, they can turn magically invisible when called off. The robots inside the wall on level 4 are never released; there aren't even any secret door scripts in place. In the unpatched version the conditions for opening the sliding panels on level 3 corresponded to the general alarm state of the depot, but they were then made floor-specific leading to the state of things as described above.
On the top left is your science fair project, but it's unfinished. To get the robot functioning you must do three things:
Use a Robot Motivator on it. The easiest way to get one of these is on level 1, but every riflebot in the depot has one.
Use a Bio Med Gel on it. There's one right there on the floor, I guess the designers felt sorry for those who might have failed to hold on to the one found on level 1.
Use a Brain on it. You get these on level 4. The quality of your new robot will depend on the quality of the brain used. You get 500 xp for installing the brain no matter which one it is.
If you activate the robot before it is complete, it simply explodes. Now, if you used the Abnormal Brain or the Chimpanzee Brain, you get a stupid robot who can only carry stuff and nothing else. The chimpanzee is actually smarter because you can tell it to wait somewhere, whereas you have to kill the abnormal bot if you want it out of your party. The Human Brain will create a mediocre sniper (which cannot level up), but to get the real Skynet with auto repair systems you need the Cybernetic Brain. See the NPC section for more details on the Brain Bot.
Once you "extract" Skynet, the alarm computers plus the password computer on level 1 will stop functioning, so you may want to get whatever xp you can out of them first.
If you manage to piss off Skynet (by telling it you're Dixon or being sarcastic) and then use the Cybernetic Brain on the robot, it won't thank you. Once you exit the depot it will kill one of your other NPCs instantly (but not Marcus, Goris or any dog), then attack. If you assemble the bot before talking to Skynet at all then it will be friendly, even if you had triggered the alarm on level 3. Evil Skynet will join you over the party limit. Sebastian Cassten reports that you can get evil Skynet in your party permanently: enter combat mode directly after leaving the depot and run back inside (or towards the red exit grid). If you leave the map without Skynet going hostile it'll hang around for good, forever talking about "proceeding to the surface". It will level up as usual and you can access its combat control screen (allowing you to arm and disarm it by changing its weapon preferences), but not tell it to stay put or repair itself.
In v1.0 you get no xp for installing the brain.
On level 4, the alarm computer is offline. Not much to do here except extract organs and get things from storage. To extract a brain (as the Experiment Holodisk will tell you, the device extracts only brains no matter what organ you select), place a party member in the room with the extractor (he or she must still be in your party), and tell the computer to get extractin'. Your NPC will get hit for lots of damage and die, and a Human Brain shows up. You get 500 xp for attempting your first brain extraction, even if there's no one in the extraction chamber.
You cannot use the extractor on Laddie, K-9, Robodog, or the Brain Bot unless it has the best brain. Isn't it a little weird that you get a human brain out after you put in a cybernetic one?
You lose 100 karma each time you kill someone this way. Oh, so this is more evil than going after a kid with a rocket launcher?
If more than one NPC are in the extraction chamber, they all die but you get no brain. It's kinda funny to hear them screaming in synch, though.
North of there is the storage area. Use the computer, choose "cadavers" and Private Dobbs. Talk to him and look at him go. You can pick up a LE Red Ryder BB Gun from his remains, but you don't get this if you kill him before he melts. Odd. If he doesn't run, you need to shut down the forcefield.
You can also get a brain from here, which is probably a better idea than using the organ extractor unless you actually want someone killed. Depending on your Science skill you'll end up with from zero to four brains from which you get to choose one. With Science 90% you can get the Human Brain about 50% of the time. To get the Cybernetic Brain you need Science 121%, but there's still a small risk of failure, so save first. Once you get a brain the storage retrieval bot blows up, which means you should get Dobbs first.
You can't get any organ except for brains. If you retrieve a virus, any virus, the vial will break and you have one minute to leave the depot before dying (the countdown says four, but it's bugged). Even if you get out you'll die immediately if you ever come back in.
New California Republic 编辑
“ "Tandi job. Me want."
"You can't take the president's job!"
"No?"
"NO! You are dumb." ”
—The Chosen One and Gunther
Upon arrival in the NCR bazaar - the area outside the city walls - you find Doofus, the car hop. You can pay him $5 to watch your car, but it's a waste of money. From the second time you enter this map, if you find Doofus raving about cars, you can get him to mention the name of Merk, or if you have the Speaker perk you can tell him to give you his stuff, which amounts to about $30 and 3 Fruits.
Buster who runs the store in the bazaar will give you one warning and then attack if you come into his store at night, and unlike most other shops he only opens at 8.01. His three shelves all have different contents. This is one of two shops in the game that carry valuable 2mm EC ammo, and Buster also sells Micro Fusion Cell, good Needler ammo and 4.7mm Caseless. If you have surplus weaponry you might want to trade it in for a Pancor Jackhammer, the best shotgun in the game, or a Ripper, Power Fist or Avenger Minigun. He'll also turn a Hunting Rifle into a scoped one for $500. That's exactly the difference in value between the two weapons, which leaves you with a profit of 10 .223 FMJ. Buster's shelves restock separately in 2-4 days except the one on the right which restocks in 1-4 days.
Buster's guards carry Bozars which you can steal. I don't 'cause it's silly, plus at this point in the game I wouldn't meet the ST requirement. If you really want one you should be able to take a hike to the Toxic Caves. Speaking of stealing, with a high skill you can use Steal on the shelves and take any amount of stuff from them right in front of Buster. I would have to say this is even sillier.
As found by Jonathan Cook, if you press 0 when talking to Buster, he'll swap his own inventory with that of the current shelf (which is randomly selected if you just talk to him). This will allow you to steal some stuff directly from him if you are so inclined.
In the department of useless stuff we have the fact that you can go behind Buster's store, go left along the very top of the map until you hit the edge, then work your way down by scrolling and clicking on ahead. You can get as far as south of the saloon, but have to return the same way.
On the 11th of every odd month, a guy named Stanwell will offer you a job guarding a brahmin caravan to Redding, which pays $2000 but takes a lot of time. Note that this has nothing to do with Duppo's brahmin drive quest.
The hooded guy on the left of the bazaar map will fit a blower to your car for $1000 if you give him six hours to do it. You really should. You can barter some stuff to him to get your money back, and pay him $5 for worthless rumours. You don't actually need to spend six hours in NCR for him to finish the job, but after six hours have passed you must spend about a minute on this map (resting 10 minutes will do it) before he's done.
You can buy Booze from Mira in the Rawhide Saloon, and ask her for information. The bar patrons may have 200 Shotgun Shells each for you to steal if you like (every time you enter the map there's a chance they'll "restock"). Lenny is just obnoxious.
Merk who hangs out in the back room of the bar between 16.01 and 08.00 is the man with the plan around here. Sometimes he'll be flanked by two guards, sometimes not; presumably they're always supposed to be there since Merk may refer to them even if they're not present. If you want information, you'll have to pay $50 before you even get to ask anything. If you ask about the G.E.C.K. he doesn't know anything, and if you ask him about Vault 13 he tries to sell you a Vault 13 Holodisk for $1000. Buying this disk puts Vault 13 on your map - only once you get there it's just a cave with some construction signs, and when you leave it reads "Fake Vault 13" on your world map. Complaining with Merk helps little, but you can steal the money back. Fun but useless. Instead ask Merk for work. Now you have to prove yourself to him:
One option is to fight Lenny the super mutant alone in a secret basement, limited to these weapons: Knife, Club, Sledgehammer, Spear, Rock, Crowbar, Brass Knuckles, Super Sledge, Ripper, Cattle Prod, Spiked Knuckles, Power Fist, Combat Knife, Sharpened Spear. To get this you must have "talked" to Lenny at least once. To make it a lot easier you could steal Lenny's Stimpaks and Power Fist before the fight. Mira gives you a Booze if you talk to her afterwards.
If you have Myron in your party, tell Merk you know someone who can make Jet. Merk then offers to take Myron off your hands for $1000. (If you choose the "can't do anything illegal" line, Merk won't like you any more.) Due to a bug, Myron still stays in your party.
Tell Merk you're a "badass mofo" if you're a Childkiller or Berserker.
Take quest 7. If you already killed the Hubologist, Merk will act as if you did it for him.
If you have a Bag o' stuff, you must drop it before going to fight Lenny. This is because the Bag is one of the items taken from you - and when you get it back, it's empty! Also guns will be loaded when returned, and if you had separate heaps of the same weapon (with different number of bullets in them, or in your active item slots) you will find yourself with a greater number of guns than you started out with. This is because the script counts all remaining objects when removing each stack; for instance, if you had eight Desert Eagles of which one was in an item slot you'd end up with fifteen after the fight, the script seeing eight before removing the first, then counting the remaining seven. Imagine that... a bug.
Some NPCs won't be hidden by the game when you enter the ring, and will fight Lenny with you: Laddie, Dogmeat, Goris, the pariah dog, K-9 or any inferior Brain Bot. If they die, stuff left on their corpses when you leave the basement is lost.
Don't save the game during your fight with Lenny, since if you have to reload you will be stuck in the ring after you kill him. The same kind of bug apparently plagued the ring fights in New Reno and San Francisco in the unpatched version. Although the readme says they're fixed I would still advise against saving during any ring fight.
The fake vault location changes after you leave it for the first time, so any items dropped in there will be lost. More importantly, your car will disappear if you drive there and leave on foot.
Saving and/or loading the game while Merk is walking somewhere may cause him to stop and go silent, or teleport him to his destination, depending on the time and location. Leaving the map and returning or resting for a few hours will get him unstuck if necessary.
Should you annoy Merk in any way, you need CH 7 to talk to him about work again. Once Merk thinks more highly of you, he'll give you quest 1.
There's an infinite money bug here if you like to exploit those (and didn't get enough money from the refinery bug in Broken Hills). Unless you've killed the Hubologist, you can ask Merk for more work after completing quest 1, and then fight Lenny (if you didn't already), or sell Myron for yet another $1000, and yet another $1000, and so on, until you either agree to kill the Hubologist or kill her anyway.
If you got Merk's name from Doofus and tell him you've heard he's the man to talk to, he'll refuse to talk to you until you kill Doofus. Doing so changes nothing, so don't choose this dialogue path.
Read the notice board in the bazaar to learn the NCR ground rules. If you come here at night the forcefields will be up, so either use Repair on the emitters (the guard doesn't mind), or talk to the woman in the guardhouse to get in. Don't even touch her lockers, because she will turn hostile even if she doesn't attack right away (though you should be safe as long as you don't walk right up to her, and I think you can loot the bookcase with impunity). The guard outside the entrance will tell you to put away your guns if you have them ready. Tell all your party members to do so - these guards are serious. If you walk around with guns ready in downtown NCR they'll attack almost immediately. Moving out of sight of a cop doesn't help once you've been warned; you must either put the weapon away or leave the map. The gate guard will attack if you hang around with a weapon after being warned, but oddly enough you can kill both guards in the bazaar and the downtown guards won't know you did it.
Make a habit of never going directly to the downtown map when you enter NCR unless you're absolutely sure your NPCs aren't wielding weapons. Once you're there you have very little time to tell them to put their weapons away. On the Council map you start some distance from the nearest cop, so that's OK, and on Westin's ranch they don't care. The three inferior Brain Bots are not checked for weapons, but at the same time the cops are probably laughing at you for being stuck with bad NPCs.
Some say Goris' Claw poses a problem when moving around in NCR; however, the cops' script doesn't check for his presence (it's the same with and without the patch), and testing shows no reaction at all.
Check out both tables at Duppo's (restock in 1-6 days, but there's no money to speak of). You could get a HK P90c for Sulik and a Combat Armor for yourself if you have the spare weaponry to trade in. He also sells Power Fists for you to upgrade in New Reno. Duppo will give you quest 12 if you ask for work. To enter the craps hall, you need at least Gambling 51%, and you must not have accepted quest 12 yet. Ask Duppo for work, then ask if there's another way to make a quick buck. Depending on your Speech you can pay him from $100 to $500 for the password to the door, but it's not much fun in there (Den-style craps table, you can steal $1000 from the croupier). If you have ST 9 you can take a Crowbar to the door instead.
If you're the kind of player who likes to kill shopkeepers for their wares, take care, because after Duppo dies you may not be able to access his tables any more (save first and see). I don't know if this is a common occurrence.
The lockers in the police station hold various weapons and ammo, but if you try to pick them the guards will attack without warning. Sheriff Dumont and Deputy Karl both carry Gauss Rifles, one of the best weapons in the game... so you might want to steal their ammo.
If you approach Dorothy, the woman outside the building northeast of the police station, during daylight hours she'll ask for help dealing with a madman with a bomb. The lunatic in question is Jack, a policeman whose ex-wife Mira is the green-haired woman in the bazaar. If you tell Dorothy it's not your business you can still go in and talk to Jack, but it gives you a little less time to initiate dialogue. There are several things that can happen now:
Talk Jack out of it, if you have Speech 80% or the Speaker perk. The easiest dialogue path here is 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2 (there's only one node where it doesn't matter what you say). If you succeed, you earn 6000 xp. Talk to Dorothy for another 3000 xp (although it doesn't say on your screen), a Big Book of Science, a Scout Handbook, a First Aid Book and a Deans Electronics.
Wait for Jack to begin his routine ("Bite me! This is Jack!") and blast him with a couple of Jackhammer bursts at point blank range. Watch out - if you don't kill him, he'll shoot back! Tell Dorothy there was no alternative to killing him, and you get the books and 3000 xp. If you tell her there was a way to avoid bloodshed, you don't get anything except loot from Jack.
Let him blow up, then repair the bank of monitors on the wall (not the nearby computer) with either Science or Repair. (You can do this even if you don't get the option to tell Dorothy you're good at repairing things, which requires Repair 65%.) You'll get the 3000 xp and books reward, plus the stuff you find in Jack's body parts.
Let him blow up, then stand back and watch as Dorothy fails to repair the computer. She may die in the resulting explosion, in which case you can pick up a Scout Handbook and Deans Electronics from the ground, but as you can imagine you get no other reward for this. The forcefields to Westin's and Carlson's estates go down... but if you enter the Westin map without permission from the guard you have to kill him (no one else cares), and if you enter Carlson's yard without permission you have to fight an entire mapful of guards, which is bad, so there's no point to any of this.
If Jack lives, you can find him in a cell in the police station, raving. Strangely he's still got weaponry in his inventory. If he dies, however, quest 11 pops up in your Pipboy (see below).
If you don't wait until Jack begins talking before shooting him, Dorothy and/or the guards may attack you.
If you steal the two books Dorothy is carrying before getting the reward, she only gives you the two (Science and First Aid manuals) she is not.
You can repair the computer before anything else happens, and talk to Dorothy for her xp and book reward. If Jack then damages the computer and you fix it again, she'll give you another 3000 xp and two more books.
In the unpatched version you could get infinite rewards from Dorothy by using Repair on the computer repeatedly and talking to her in between.
Funny detail: as Jack blows up, during the death animation you can click on his body parts flying through the air and get more of Jack's spoken lines from them. You can shoot at them, too - but if you don't kill him he may pull himself together and shoot back!
When you come to NCR for the first time you should head right over to the Hubologist in the church downtown. You want two things from her: quest 6 and the zeta scan. Getting the scan will either raise your Luck by 2 or lower it by 1; both permanently, so save first and decide which you want. It also makes you an AHS-1 Hubologist, which has basically no effect in the game except that you can't get the slightly different zeta scan in San Francisco. If you manage to offend her she won't talk to you any more.
If your LK is 1 and gets lowered, it will remain at 1 but if you later get the Gain Luck perk it won't do anything (since technically it will raise the Luck variable from 0 to 1). This goes for the zeta scan in San Francisco as well, of course.
The doctor in the hospital will not sell you Stimpaks, but you can take stuff from his bookcase. If you fail a Steal check Doc Jubilee will notice if you take the Heart Pills and/or Poison hypo and make you put them back. However, if you put the two items in your inventory and then drop them from within the loot interface, he'll be completely oblivious after you pick them up again. Talk to the doctor and ask about Vault 13 to have him mention a certain Saltbeef. He will always charge $50 for healing, heals only HP and cannot heal NPCs.
Leave your party members behind before going into Dusty's Cantina. There's an obnoxious guy in the corner named Hoss who'll provoke you into a fight when you walk up to him. Beat him down to 23 HP, or just put a gun in your active item slot, and he backs down. Afterwards Dusty will give you a free Booze every time you talk to him. If your party members are nearby they'll draw their weapons and may bring the guards down on you, which is why they shouldn't be around. If you're somehow too weak to handle Hoss you can end the fight by running to the nearby exit grid.
The guy outside the Brotherhood building (which is empty) is as useless as the one in the Den unless your level is 9 or below, in which case he'll answer one question.
To get to Westin's ranch to the west you can either talk to Dumont about work and get a recommendation, or have quest 5 from Vault City to deliver a holodisk. In the nearest building inside you find Saltbeef, the old drunk. Giving him a Beer or similar (except for Rot Gut) you can get him to tell you about how he found Vault 13 and how he scribbled a map on the back of a painting, which is now in the possession of doctor Jubilee. Jubilee will sell the painting for a whooping $10,000 (which you can steal back). Once you have the painting, examine it and Vault 13 shows up on your world map. This is not really necessary even for diplomatic characters.
IN<4: The guard will let you into Westin's estate if you choose the "Uh..." line.
If you want to get out from Westin's estate and Grant met with an accident or something, use Science or Repair on the computer by the gate, or blow it up with Dynamite. Although you can get 50 xp by using Repair on the forcefield emitter, you can't disable it this way. The cops downtown won't react if you slaughtered the people on the ranch.
In the Council Hall area there's just the Congress House and Carlson's estate. See quest 10 for the former. To get into Carlson's place you can do two things. One is to steal the Presidential Pass off Gunther in the Congress House and use it (backpack icon) on the guard at Carlson's gate before talking to him. The other is to talk to Merk and ask about Carlson (will cost you $50), and if he likes you (which requires that you've performed quest 1 for him and didn't piss him off) he'll tell you there may be a job for you as a bodyguard for Carlson. Now go to Carlson's estate and talk to the guard, he'll let you pass. Actually, a third way is to use Repair on the forcefield emitter, but if you enter without permission everyone will start shooting.
Merk (and possibly his two henchmen) will reside in the north wing from 8.00 to 12.00 and in the vestibule from 12.01 to 16.00. If you try to talk to him in his room he'll shoo you out and attack if you stick around, unless you're a Porn Star (of either gender). Carlson's guards don't care if you kill him.
You can tell Carlson's kid to ask Carlson if you can see him; if you mention Bishop's name the kid will say you can come in, but Carlson still won't talk to you. The guards outside the door, on the other hand, always say that Carlson is ready to see you. No matter. To kill Carlson, use 5 Super Stimpaks on him and wait 10 minutes, or else you can open the gate to his garden, go round the house and shoot him through the window (actually just standing in the back of his room works too). Save first, and you may have to make sure the kid is on the other side of the yard (he can be pushed). You could do a Sneak-kill as well. When he's dead, might as well pick up his Pancor Jackhammer.
Strap: "I always loved assassinating Carlson in the NCR by planting explosives on his kid and sending him in to see his daddy."
There's a rumour that the Shiv can be used for this assassination, but it actually can't. I suppose what keeps this rumour around is that there's a certain logic to it: the Shiv is a non-detectable weapon and NCR is the place where you're not allowed to brandish weapons, and what else would you use a Shiv for but an assassination?
NCR is another area with lots of empty containers. If I'm not mistaken the only stuff you can find in the downtown area is: map in Ranger HQ, Dr Henry's papers, some stuff in Dusty's Cantina, and Doc Jubilee's bookcase. Except for Duppo's wares, of course, and the locked containers in the police HQ that you have to kill everyone to get to. The council and ranch areas are completely empty.
Retrive papers from Dr Henry 编辑
When you return to Merk after quest 7, you'll get the option to take this job (you only get one chance to accept, unless you choose the "information" line, in which case you get another chance). When you return with the papers (just "retrive" them from the desk at the doctor's place) you get 1000 xp and $1000. If for some inscrutable reason you killed Dr Henry Merk will attack after giving you the reward, and Lenny and Mira will join him in the fight (with CH 9 you can pay him $500 to let you go... yeah, right).
Test mutagenic serum on a super-mutant. Try Broken Hills 编辑
Talk to Dr Henry with at least Science 80%, ask about cyber-genetics and he'll ask you to inject a super mutant with a prototype serum. Well, find a super mutant and use it on them, and the mutant melts into a puddle of bones and goo (1000 xp). Seems Dr Henry has to work some on his cyber-genetics skills. Return to Dr Henry ("He's dead, Jim") and you get Cyberdog for an NPC if you want, but you probably don't.
For some reason I think Elmo in Broken Hills makes for a suitable test subject. If you're evil, you can use the serum on Gond in the Ranger hideout. The other Rangers will attack, but the guards don't mind if you kill them. If you use the serum on Lenny in the Rawhide Saloon, the patrons will offer startled floats and Merk will turn hostile. You can also use it on Marcus if he gets too annoying. Cristian Golumbovici reports that using the serum on Frank Horrigan at the end of the game does nothing. Then again he's not your average super mutant (and more specifically, he doesn't have the correct kill type).
If you use the serum on a super mutant in combat mode, you get the 1000 xp and complete the quest but the mutant will take one or a few turns before dying. If you kill it before then and loot the corpse the Mutagenic Serum may still be there. This way you can use the serum on, for instance, Grundel in the Military Base and still get combat xp for killing him. Nimrod adds: "If you get into combat with a supermutant, kill him, and have enough AP left over before combat ends, you can use the serum on the dead body and complete the quest. This can be used in the NCR if you fight Lenny since the hypo doesn't get taken away when you enter the ring, meaning you can complete the quest quickly without leaving town or needing to kill any friendly super mutants. The only quirk is you don't get the toxic meltdown animation. Using it on him in combat got me stuck in the ring. However using it on him after he's dead but before the combat ends doesn't get you stuck." The Masticator warns: "When fighting Lenny the super mutant, if you use the anti-mutant syringe before you damage him in combat he will fall on the floor and he is counted as alive, but unable to move. This traps you in unending combat mode. However, if you damage him at least once before using the syringe he dies normally." Using the serum on him while he's still alive will make Merk hostile, though (assuming you kill Lenny before the serum takes effect, so that you don't get stuck). As far as I know, other mutants don't cause this bad freeze-up.
If you talk to Cyberdog after reporting back, you can ask Dr Henry about cyber-genetics again and get the whole quest all over again. Another bug is that if you turn him down after he describes his work, asking him again will eject you from dialogue. Saving and loading the game fixes this.
Deliver Westin's holodisk to Lynette in Vault City 编辑
When you deliver Bishop's Holodisk to Westin he'll ask if you're a Vault City citizen, and if you are he gives you this quest. (If you have the quest to kill Westin you can do it before you leave, since there's no additional reward once you deliver his disk.) For a successful delivery you get 1500 xp, a H&K G11 and 2 Frag Grenades, which Randal in Vault City will supply.
If Lynette thinks highly enough of you when you deliver the holodisk, she'll make you Captain of the Guard, a position which has several advantages as decribed in the Vault City section. To pull this off you need CH 8 and getting Lynette's "respect counter" high enough by adressing her as First Citizen at every turn. The easiest way to do this requires Speech 75% and being a citizen (which you obviously are since Westin gave you his disk), and can be done right before giving the disk to Lynette. Say you have a question for her, ask why they don't live in a vault, and then pick the last option to leave dialogue. Do this 10-15 times (or more if necessary) to raise the respect counter before giving her the disk. If you become Captain, you get 2500 xp for the delivery instead of the usual 1500 xp.
Get the map from the NCR Rangers, for Vortis the slaver 编辑
Save before talking to Vortis in the bazaar, because if you're good and annoy him he won't talk to you any more. Also the overseer in metal armour will attack if he sees you between 4 a.m. and 12 a.m., so rest until noon to be safe. Ask for work and agree to get a map. Just walk over to the Rangers' headquarters in downtown NCR (the place with a super mutant and people in Combat Armor) and take the map from a table in the garage, then return to Vortis for $500. Now's a good time to finish quest 5. I think you're still being a good guy, because obviously they won't have an opportunity to actually use the map before you wipe them out...
Free the slaves in the slave pen, for the Rangers 编辑
First get quest 4 for the slavers. Then talk to Elise, say you hate slavers, and agree to prove yourself. Go to the slavers, hand them the map and bump them off, which should be easy. Free the slaves by accessing the terminals (use any skill or the hand icon, the check is for both Science and Lockpick). Then return and join the Rangers for 3000 xp and a Ranger Pin.
You can become a Ranger the first time you talk to Elise, by telling her you hate slavers but then that you have to think about what she has said, and leaving dialogue. When you talk to her again and agree to become a Ranger you get the 3000 xp right away and the quest pops up crossed out in your Pipboy.
You actually only have to open one set of cages before returning to Elise, and oddly enough you can kill all the slaves first and still finish the quest. If you free the slaves before taking the quest, you don't get it. Obviously you can't get this quest if you're a Slaver. Elise and Gond won't attack you, but the guy with the Minigun does if you talk to him.
Deliver Hubologist's field report to AHS-9 in San Francisco 编辑
You can get this quest in two ways. One is to answer "Yes" when talking to the Hubologist for the first time, and then either choose the "Transcendency" line to trick her into thinking you're higher ranked than she is (Speech check), or choose the "aura" line and then ask how things are going (IN 8 and Speech 65%). She'll then give you this quest. The other way is to get Merk's quest to kill the Hubologist and tell her, but say you won't do it. Although the dialogue ends at this point, you'll get the letter in your inventory and the quest in your Pipboy. Delivering the report yields 500 meagre xp with no additional reward from either AHS-9 or the Hubologist in NCR. Hmpf. At least you can kill the Hubologist for Merk and still finish this quest.
Kill Hubologist in NCR for Merk 编辑
Remember to get the zeta scan and delivery quest first! When the Hubologist is dead you earn 2000 xp and can return to Merk for his next task. You get these xp even if you don't talk to Merk first.
Now for a quick lesson in how to kill silently for fun and amusement. Basically there are three ways to do this: 1) Feed your victim a number of Super Stimpaks in quick succession (put one in an active item slot and use them from there for convenience). Each one does 9 damage, so you should have the Awareness perk and divide the HP of your intended victim by that number, rounding up. Wait 10 minutes using the Pipboy, and voilà. 2) Set an explosive to go off and plant it on your victim using Steal, or drop it one or two hexes away while sneaking (darkness helps). If your target doesn't die from the blast you'll enter combat mode which is usually bad, and the same happens if another critter is harmed by the blast. However, you can circumvent these effects by running far away from anyone who's allied with the victim before the bomb goes off. If you can survive the blast you can even keep the explosives in your own inventory and stand next to the victim. A clever variation of this is the concept of "satchel charges", as described by Corpse: "I found a cool way to assassinate people with explosives. If you have the Bag you find in the Modoc mole rat lair, just place the explosives in it, set the timer (while they are in the Bag), then drop the Bag with the explosives next to your victim and run. Kaboom! You could even do that when they are with a large group of goons and no one will notice. This also works if you place the explosives in any container (a locker or a desk etc.) near your victim." If you're setting more than one bomb at once, make sure there's a wall or something behind the victim so they don't get thrown back by the first blast and avoid the others. 3) Enter Sneak mode and dispatch your victim in normal combat, but you only have one round in which to do it. It doesn't matter if you use a "loud" weapon and most often it doesn't matter if there are people around. You'll probably have to hit end turn once before being able to end combat, but if you've played the game up until this point you may already know it often works that way.
If you kill someone using Dynamite, crashes may occur. Just try again and eventually it should work (or if not, well, switch to another method). People have also reported crashes when using the Pipboy to wait for Dynamite to explode, or leaving the current map (which forces explosives to go off), but it's my belief that these things do not in themselves cause the crashes. Also, as noted previously in the guide, it's not a good idea to save while there are explosives waiting to go off.
It is not recommended that you run off a map while waiting for explosives to kill someone. Although they will take damage and die as appropriate, any code related to their death (like setting death variables or moving shop inventories) will not be executed, which could halt quests in their tracks or cause other problems. For instance, in the case of the Enlightened One, you wouldn't get the 2000 xp and Merk would never consider the task to be completed.
Running off the map while waiting for someone to die of a Super Stimpak overdose is also likely to crash the game. This will not happen for all nameless characters like NCR townspeople, but you can be sure that it happens with any critter that needs to set variables or do other things upon dying (and the Enlightened One is one of them). There is normally no reason to do this anyway.
In some areas killing certain people will make others hostile even if you manage a "silent" kill (e.g. Torr in downtown Klamath, AHS-9 or Westin if you do the Sneak-kill). You may not be attacked right away, but attempts to communicate or walk around openly are likely to end badly. This is because some death scripts set variables and so on regardless of how that death came about. Death by Dynamite or Super Stimpak should only have this effect in very rare cases, though.
Stop brahmin raids 编辑
Go to Westin's ranch and talk to Felix. With a recommendation from Dumont or Lynette, or if you have IN<4, he'll unlock the door for you. Westin will ask you to solve the mystery of his disappearing brahmin if you tell him Dumont sent you, or if you have IN<4, or if you ask him where to find Vault 13, or if you killed Bishop for him and ask if there's any more work. Talk to Felix again and you're teleported to the pastures. Wait a while... and two talking deathclaws appear and depart. You can now return to Westin and tell him he only has to post a guard for 1000 xp and $200. He'll also give you the location of Vault 15, which you probably don't need.
If you have a high Outdoorsman skill (100%) an exit grid will pop up in the northeast corner when the deathclaws are gone. Go there and follow them to their lair... Vault 13! There's actually a small glitch you can exploit here, but not to any great use. Even if the rocks aren't removed to reveal the new exit, you can click one of the hexes at the top that are half offscreen, and your character will run off the screen further down and onto the exit grid! You then get to go to Vault 13; however, it doesn't actually appear on your world map.
If you should leave the pastures by either exit grid before the deathclaws appear, or if you refuse to follow Felix to the pastures in the first place, you can't end the quest. This can be fixed by pressing 6 on the NCR town map (this is cheating), which brings you to the cow map so you can finish the quest (Felix and Westin will wait indefinitely for this).
If you already repaired the computer in Vault 13 you won't get this quest (except if you ask Westin for work directly after reporting that you killed Bishop), but you can use the same dialogue options to meet Westin. If you've talked to Gruthar before following Felix to the pastures, the deathclaws there will call you by name!
Don't attack the brahmin, because the game may lock up if you're in combat mode when the deathclaws appear. If you kill the brahmin afterwards Felix and Westin don't seem to care. For that matter, you can kill the two deathclaws for 2400 combat xp and the deathclaws in Vault 13 won't care either.
Eliminate Mr. Bishop 编辑
When you have Bishop's quest to kill Westin, tell him Bishop sent you and listen to what Westin's got to say. He'll offer you 50% more than Bishop did, and you can either tell him how much you were going to get or lie, adding 50% to your base payment (meaning Westin will offer $2250 if Bishop was offering you $1000 to begin with). Now all you have to do is kill Bishop in whichever way and return for your payment but no xp. A much better idea is to kill Westin and get Bishop's next quest.
Retrive Parts/Gain Access to Vault 15 编辑
Sheriff Dumont, Deputy Karl, Dusty, Doc Jubilee and the slave overseer have all mentioned that President Tandi is looking for a "specialist". Go to the Congress House and tell first Feargus and then Gunther that you're there for the job. Talk to Tandi and take this quest to "retrive" the computer parts, but don't ask for a reward! She'll put Vault 15 on your world map, of course, and give you infinite holodisks if you ask her about NCR. If you want to you can go to Deputy Karl and ask to see the prisoner. Attack him once and he'll give you some background information. No one cares if you kill him, actually. Off to Vault 15, then.
That's another Feargus right there. If you use Steal, First Aid or Doctor on him, for some reason he walks out of the building and disappears! I think that's some kind of bug. If you leave the map while he's still walking, he'll stop and you can then talk to him as usual. You can come in to see Tandi and get the job by assassinating Feargus and Gunther, but then it'll be hard to pick up the reward.
To complete this quest, either "win condition" will do. To secure access to the vault you must have killed Darion and talked to Zeke about letting NCR annex the Squat, in which case you don't need the parts. Or else you could just walk into the vault, take the parts and return with those without dealing with Darion. Tandi sends you to Gunther who will reward you with 5000 xp and $6000 no matter if you killed Darion, got the parts, or both. If you asked for money before, you only get $500 (but the same amount of xp). People are strange.
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Tab Kimpton Information
Tab Kimpton
Costume Maker / Comic Writer
Khaos Kostumes
Tab Kimpton is a full time Costume maker and Comic writer, responsible for Khaos Komix and Khaos Kostumes. He began making costumes in October 2007 for a small recon in his local town. Since then he has made dozens of costumes, for himself, friends and commissioners. He does a lot of skit and performance work in his costumes, and loves making complex costumes. His real love lies in entertaining people and making them laugh.
J-Con 2018 - August 24-25, 2018 in Derby, UK
Nine Worlds Geekfest 2017 - August 4-6, 2017 in London, UK
J-Con 2015 - September 25-26, 2015 in Derby, UK
Banzaicon 2013 - April 5-7, 2013 in Larvik, Norway
Alcon 2012 - September 6-9, 2012 in Leicester, UK
Banzaicon 2012 - April 13-15, 2012 in Larvik, Norway
SunnyCon 2012 - March 24-25, 2012 in Sunderland, UK
London Anime Con 2012 - February 11-12, 2012 in London, UK
Akumakon 2012 - January 20-22, 2012 in Galway, Ireland
Alcon 2011 - September 8-11, 2011 in Leicester, UK
12 confirmed guest appearances
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Kim Boothby Information
Kim Boothby
Red Zone Fandom
Tim & Kim Boothby are a team in every sense of the word, married for 25 years and founding members of Red Zone Fandom and the Fantasy Artists, Role-Players & Writers Guild. Through the Red Zone and Guild they support the fans of Anime, Cosplay, Fantasy, Furs, Gamers, Sci-Fi, and Steam Punk among a wide span of fan genres. They work to publicize and feature content and activities local to the great state of Idaho, where Fandom needs more voices.
Fandemonium 2017 - April 14-16, 2017 in Boise, ID
Fandemonium 2015 - August 14-16, 2015 in Boise, ID
Tomodachi Fest 2014 - October 3-5, 2014 in Boise, ID
Fandemonium 2014 - August 1-3, 2014 in Boise, ID
Tomodachi Fest 2012 - November 23-25, 2012 in Boise, ID
Add or Update Information for Kim Boothby
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FOF #2000 – 2000 A Podcast Odyssey
Fausto Fernós Jun 27, 2014 · 159570 views
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It’s the 2000th show of your favorite podcast, the show formerly known as Feast of Fools, now Feast of Fun!
Today we boil down the last decade into a super-concentrated podcast slurry, full of flavor and fun. No Bones.
Join us as we take a look at our favorite moments and all the behind the scenes dirt!
Posted on Jun 27, 2014 in
Share, Print & Save
Tags: amanda steinstein, george takei, Lady Miss Kier, peaches christ, restrospective, ronnie vanna, RuPaul, sal-e, tracy tyler
FOF #702 – The 702 Club – 02.12.08
FOF #2589 – Divine, America’s First Drag Superstar – 03.07.18
FOF #2312 – Amanda of All Trades – 03.24.16
FOFA #742 – Live from Steamworks – 09.17.10
« FOF #2006 – Star Wars, Nothing But Star Wars
CLIP – #825 Lady Miss Kier Loves Podcasts »
xChickengirlx says:
I haven’t listened to it yet, almost 3 hours long wow! but the 2000th episode is finally here! I started listening to FOF 8 years ago when I was a senior in highschool. I know I was attracted to GLBT media, but other than a few things I came across on the internet, and that TV show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, I hadn’t been exposed to much GLBT media. It was really just by chance that I found this podcast while randomly browsing through iTunes. I had never heard of a podcast before, but once I started listening to FOF I was hooked, this is the only podcast I’ve ever listened to actually.
listening to this podcast over the years I have been exposed to so many amazing stories and so many amazing people, that I don’t think I would have ever learned or heard about on any other platform. I don’t know where I would fit myself into the LGBT spectrum, haven’t quite figured that out yet, but I am grateful for all the things I have gotten out of listening to this podcast.
I may have become frustrated over the handling of that one ~issue~ that has been brought up several times in the show recently, or disagreeing with certain ~ways~ the LGBT has acted in this new wave of social justice and the fight for equality yadda yadda yadda ya, I won’t get into it, but hopefully we’ll get through it, and as long as the FOF is still around everything will be good.
So here’s no many more wonderful years of FOF! Can’t wait for the Cooking With Drag Queens series as well!
Permalink | Reply
Fausto Fernós says:
Here are some old flyers we used to pass out to promote the podcast:
The last show we ever taped with Miss Ronnie.
Victoria Lamarr’s trip to New York City!
I dug up some of my own Feast of Fools memorabilia, don’t know if you could call them collector’s items by now, maybe the Clay Aiken cum rag? Haha I got that from your guys’s first meet and greet in Austin, I can’t remember where I got the card and button from. I met you guys again twice at Oilcan harry’s the big gay bar in Austin….I think it was twice. It was during SXSW both times I believe….and then there was that time I came to that small get together at that Taco Cabana where I met your momma, sister and niece.
you guys could have easily put in another hour or two talking about the past, there is a lot to cover over a span of 10 years. I did learn some new things though, about the “dark days” in the beginnings of the Feast of Fools, it is unfortunate what happened, but I think you guys are much better off now.
Ahhh those are collector’s items! It’s good to grow with you Chix Gal all these years.
Sometimes you gotta remember that these “trial by fire” moments in our lives are all about how we respond to them and help us grow, not how they set us back.
colaboy29 says:
I got a bit teary as you talked about all the great stuff you’ve two have done over the years. I really loved the retrospect of the little musical intros at the start of each episode. I wish you guys another happy 2000 episodes!
Thank you Cola Boy! It’s been a fascinating journey, and I’m glad so many wonderful people like you have been along for the ride.
Great show! I love you guy… Congratulations and hope you go for another 2000 more!
Amazing show! It’s great to listen to behind the scene secrets and past clips!
Congratulazioni per i vostri 2000 episodi 🙂
hajaXavier says:
three words: WOW WOW and WOW
i loved the walk down memory lane, which got me thinking about how truly appreciative I am to have you guys in my ears 5 days a week (and in my house once in a while).
I laughed, i cried, and i laughed some more! You mean so much to all of us, from the hinter lands where you are the only positive inspriration for the young gays to those of us who live in the gay meccas around the world. I wish i could say i’ve been there since day one (so close!)
C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S
I look forward to 2,000 more!
xoxoxavier
Larry La Fountain says:
Congratulations! Felicidades! 2000 shows! Qué bueno! Y muchos más!
Scott Martin-Oldfield says:
You two have been such enjoyable companions over the years, you’ve been my favorite go-to when I’m on the road or need a good pick-me-up during the day. One of my favorite pranks from a while ago was to sneak away my co-worker’s phone and swap his normal ring for Amanda Steinstein’s ringtone, “HEY! YOUR PHONE IS RINGING! ANSWER YOUR PHOOOOOONE!” – it certainly made an impression at his office…
Anyway, thank you for being your unabashedly *fabulous* selves. Other than occasionally wanting to reach out through the internet and slap Fausto for something he said (joking! …maybe…kiss and make up?), the two of you never fail to deliver an extremely entertaining mix of genuine humor, tongue-in-cheek bullshit, serious concerns over real issues, and above all love for what you do that shines through. Mahalo!!! Keep up the good work!
300fromRyan says:
My new favorite episode. Extremely well researched, covered, personal, and evolutionary. To two thousand more (Fausto, try to say that really fast).
shuffler says:
Congratulations, guys on 2000!
One especially memorable episode for me was your interview with Jason Stuart, an actor I had enjoyed seeing in movies. He seems to be definitely confused what a podcast was, and may have been en route to a tryout during the conversation. He was alternately flattered and vexed by the research you had done. By the end of the interview he had forgotten that he was taking with FOF, but you guys just hung on to his thread of conversation as it pitched from topic to topic. Initially I had shrugged it off to the actor being a jerk, but after rehearing it I was left with the impression of an actor by the nature of his business being self-absorbed and surprised by not being asked canned “publicity-oriented” interview questions that he was use to hearing. It was a new look at someone who was both in and out at different stages of his career.
Damon L. Jacobs says:
Finally got to listen to this over the weekend. What a beautiful tribute to two of the hardest working men in media from the past decade. This show only begins to illuminate the passion, talent, and commitment you two bring every day. I was thrilled to be mentioned twice! – (Once directly, once indirectly… 😉
Running a bit behind on listening but it was quite a pleasure to hear this episode and go down memory lane with you guys. Congratulations on making it to 2000! Keep up the good work, it’s appreciated. Love you guys!
Tracy Tyler says:
Hey!!!! Thanks for not forgetting about me guys!!! The 2 years that we were close friends were 2 of the best years I’ve ever had. I will always cherish them in my heart. My favorite episode that we recorded was our road trip to Saugatuck, Mi. What a blast flirting with the truckers stuck in traffic and then there was the China buffet on the way home not to mention the crazy drunken nights in the hot tub!!! FUN TIMES!!! I miss you and I love you guys !!! Keep being the shining beacon of light that you are !!! —- love, Tracy Tyler
Come back anytime girlfriend! We love you!
Leave a Reply to Fausto Fernós
About Fausto Fernós
Fausto Fernós is the host of iTunes’ #1 LGBT talk show, the Feast of Fun podcast, which he produces and hosts with his partner, Marc Felion.
Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Fausto Fernós created the Feast of Fools in 1998 as wacky artists variety show in Chicago, Illinois. Feast of Fun grew out of an audio blog to promote the live show into the world’s most downloaded talk show aimed for gay people.
When he’s not blogging, recording or sleeping, Fausto can be found at the gym or appreciating the beauty found in nature.
Contact me: AIM · Yahoo
View all entries by Fausto Fernós
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College: Virginia
DOB: 03-22-1996 Exp: R
2019 Rookie
Bye Week- Rank153 % Owned- % Change- WK 16 Pts0.00 WK 17 Proj. Pts-
Released from practice squad
Ellis was released from the Bengals' practice squad Tuesday.
Analysis: Ellis signed with Cincinnati as an undrafted free agent this spring and the Virginia product ultimately spent the first three weeks of the season on the practice squad. He's now being let go from the practice squad in favor of cornerback Greg Mabin.
Signs with Cincy's practice squad
Ellis signed with the Bengals' practice squad on Sunday.
Analysis: Ellis joined Cincinnati as an undrafted free agent in May but was unable to make it through roster cutdowns. The 23-year-old had a busy preseason with 29 rushes for 95 yards while catching 13 passes for 80 yards and one touchdown in four games.
Published: Mon, Sep 2 at 11:12am by Rotowire.com
There are no videos available for Jordan Ellis. Click here to view all videos.
RB #31 | Owner: FA
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Karachi: 5 year old girl runs naked in the bazar, bite marks all over her face
When a child is 5 years old, they’ve just learnt how to communicate better than a toddler, they start speaking in full sentences, they understand jokes and riddles, they become real tiny humans. This is a precious age and you want to protect your children and show them all that’s good in the world.
Sadly, this wasn’t what a little girl in Karachi experienced. Instead she went through the worst horrors even a full grown adult can be permanently traumatized by.
A video by “Jami Noor” surfaced on Facebook where he explained what had happened to the child.
This 5 year old girl was running naked in the bazar full of people, screaming and crying with her shorts in her hands and blood all over her and the clothing in her hands, thighs bruised and bite marks all over her face.
There are only 4 Medico Legal Officers in Karachi. A city with a population of almost 15 million people. There’s only 4 MLOs? Without adequate Medical Officers preparation of reports regarding murder, physical attacks, sexual assaults and age determination would be faulty and as a result perpetrators can debase convictions in the court. How can only 4 be enough?
The child was brought to the nearest hospital, Jinnah Hospital Karachi, the police were called and initially they told the parents to “just say she fell from a bike”.
How exactly does falling from a bike leave you naked and with bite marks on you?
The child wasn’t met with the MLO for over 24 hours. Survivors of rape/assault need to get their medical tests done within the first 48 hours to have better chances of DNA retrieval and this child wasn’t even met with an officer for a full 24 hours? Granted DNA can still be collected days after but it’s critical to get evidence as early as possible. There’s NO reason why a survivor is made to wait a full day and night. This wait, not knowing what’s going on added to the trauma of the child.
At this point the video had made its rounds all over social media, Nadia Jamil, posted on her twitter account asking someone for any sort of help in this matter and tagged Shireen Mazari and then the news blew up.
Mr Mir Sarfaraz Baloch got involved and made sure a proper FIR was registered. All the pressure was working.
How sad is it that in order to get an FIR registered there had to be outrage on social media?
According to MPA Rabia A.Nizami the negligence the child faced was too much to bear and she was taken by the Child Protection Authority and admitted into a private hospital instead. Where she could actually be heard. Her tests were done and she’s now on medication for the next week. Afterwards she’ll be moved to Aga Khan University Hospital for follow ups and rehab therapy. The case now will be watched over by the Constituency MNA/MPA.
They have one suspect under arrest and are hoping that even though it had been a long wait before the DNA tests were done the samples are adequate and that it matches the suspect.
When will the day come where we wake up? Why are we pretending like Rape and sexual assault is not happening in Pakistan? Children are reported to have been raped EVERY SINGLE DAY. Why is there no proper system set in every hospital where they actually take survivors seriously and start the due process immediately? All the negligence does is help the perpetrators get away – making the hospitals and officers of the law part of the problem.
by Saveera Naveed
Shame to the rulers of the so called islamic country
Filthy animal
Umme Sarfaraaz says:
Sad or rather disgusting to note the emojies whereby some people find this shameful painful inhumane incident to be amusing 💔 One has to also have a mind similar to that sickening molestor to find this incident amusing. May Allah grant them hidayah ameen
Written By: Saveera Naveed
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Why the corn boom could hurt the Gulf of Mexico
By Researchers say more corn in the Midwest this year for the ethanol industry could mean more problems for the Gulf of Mexico this summer.
Minnesota Public Radio; May 29, 2007
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/05/23/nitrogen/
by Mark Steil, Minnesota Public Radio
Researchers say more corn in the Midwest this year for the ethanol industry could mean more problems for the Gulf of Mexico this summer. U.S. farmers could plant as much as 15 percent more corn this year over last spring. Some of the extra fertilizer used on the crop will run off and eventually enter the gulf. There, it contributes to an oxygen deprived area known as the "dead zone."
Worthington, Minn. — Ocean scientists wonder just how much of the corn boom will end up in the Gulf of Mexico. No matter how careful farmers are, some fertilizer washes into streams and rivers before it’s absorbed by the plant.
Nancy Rabalais has studied the Gulf of Mexico dead zone for more than 20 years. It’s an area where fertilizer and other nutrients produce a pool of oxygen-deprived water, a condition known as hypoxia.
Map of the gulf’s dead zone
"We can only conclude that the hypoxia will be worse in some way," says Rabalais. "Either in duration or extent or size."
Rabalais is executive director of Louisiana University’s Marine Consortium. She says last year’s 6,700-square-mile dead zone hurt the fishing industry, especially shrimping. She says much of the farm fertilizer in the gulf is brought in by the Mississippi River from the Upper Midwest.
University of Minnesota soil scientist Gyles Randall was part of the first national research team to study the dead zone in the late 1990s. He agrees this year’s corn crop brings with it increased environmental risks.
"Yes, we’re going to have more problems," says Randall. "The degree is how much."
There’s been a lot of debate over exactly what role agriculture plays in producing the gulf’s dead zone. Municipal wastewater, lawn fertilizer and even naturally occurring nutrients all contribute.
Gyles Randall
However, Randall says most researchers believe farm fertilizers, especially nitrogen, are the chief culprits in producing the problem. He says Minnesota alone accounts for about 7 percent of the total nitrogen load entering the Gulf of Mexico.
"If we manage our nitrogen more crisply, and we use exactly what’s needed, we can reduce those nitrate losses significantly," says Randall.
Randall says how a farmer plows can have a big impact. Done correctly, newly tilled furrows work against the slope of the land, acting as miniature water holding dams. Poorly plowed furrows are more like stream channels, multiplying the erosive impact of rainwater.
Randall says farmers should also pay close attention to when they apply fertilizer. He says research shows most fertilizer runs off in a relatively short window of time.
"Yes, we’re going to have more problems. The degree is how much."
– U of M soil scientist Gyles Randall
"Seventy-three percent of the water that we lose out of the tile lines was coming from April, May and June," says Randall. "Just those three months."
Another option, the simplest step, is to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied.
Southern Minnesota farmer Robert Meyer is mostly retired now, but he learned the value of cutting fertilizer use firsthand.
For the past 15 years or so, the state agriculture department has studied runoff from Meyer’s fields. He found he could cut fertilizer use 25 percent and still harvest a crop equal to what a heavier dose of fertilizer produced.
Meyer says now is a good time to spread that lesson around. He says farmers are always eager to hear how they can reduce costs.
Robert Meyer
"High oil prices have led to high chemical and fertilizer prices," says Meyer. "The farmer is going to find a way to adapt, or die. That’s the way it’s always been and the way it always will be. They’re very open to ideas, I’ll tell you that."
Ocean researcher Nancy Rabalais says that willingness to adapt too often is undercut by economic reality. She believes farmers need incentives to adjust.
"It’s a matter of public will, and the commitment also of the government to support reasonable practices in agriculture rather than just subsidizing crops," says Rabalais.
Rabalais says the U.S. crop production system will be tested again in July. That’s when a team of researchers head into the Gulf of Mexico to measure this year’s dead zone.
Broadcast Dates
Morning Edition, 05/29/2007, 7:20 a.m.
Leslie Smith2017-01-17T09:22:29+00:00June 4th, 2007|News|Comments Off on Why the corn boom could hurt the Gulf of Mexico
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Colonel Maliki: ‘Iran using Al Houthis to destablise the region’
Gulf Yemen
Militants attacking Saudi infrastructure on orders from Iran, says Arab coalition
Published: May 23, 2019 15:07 Gulf News
Turki Al Maliki, spokesman of the Saudi-led coalition giving a press conference. Image Credit: SPA
Dubai: Iran is trying to bring “chaos” to Yemen and “destabilise the region” through Al Houthi militants, Colonel Turki Al Maliki, spokesman of the Saudi-led coalition told CNN in an interview.
Unlike Iran, Al Maliki explains that Saudi Arabia has a legitimate reason to be involved in Yemen as it received a request from “His Excellency President Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi and according to the UN Security council resolution 2216.”
Al Maliki also spoke of the alleged attack on Saudi infrastructure by Al Houthis saying: “Al Houthis are attacking those infrastructures because they have the order, they received the order from the (Iranian) Revolutionary Guard and they have to do it… We know that Al Houthi are running a proxy war and they want to make a huge effect, not just on Saudi Arabia that affect will also be an economic issue for the Globe.”
“We know how they interact, the Iranian regime in the region. How they are trying to spread the chaos around the region, destabilise the region and we know the connectivity between the Iranian regime and especially the IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) with the Hezbollah in Lebanon… and also how they are supporting Al Houthis and how they are affecting the situation in Yemen and also regional and international situation.”
“We are supporting the Yemeni national army, they are implementing the ceasefire and we know Al Houthis are trying to drive the coalition to do a military operation on Hodeida. However, we are supporting the special envoy to Yemen, we need to implement the agreement of Hodeida. However, we do have the right to self-defence, they are attacking civilian infrastructure inside Saudi Arabia. Al Houthis have attempted to attack one of the vital points which serves thousands of people daily and if that attack happened we would have a loss of life.”
“For us, as a coalition we don’t look at Al Houthis as a Shiite group. They are part of the social fabric in Yemen and we don’t look to the crisis in Yemen as a religious issue, but we know that the appointment that we are facing in Yemen… we are not facing an official army, we are facing ideology. That ideology is being driven from the Iranian regime.”
The Saudi-led Arab coalition entered the Yemeni war in 2015 just months after an Al Houthi coup forced internationally-recognised Yemeni president Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi out of power.
He later was able to escape house arrest and flee to Aden where he temporarily shifted government headquarters.
Since then, the coalition has gained back 86 per cent of Yemeni territory but major population centres still remain under Al Houthi control.
Saudi Arabia and the US have accused Iran of illegally smuggling weapons into Yemen to sustain Al Houthi war efforts.
In December 2017, one such Iranian-made ballistic missile was fired towards Riyadh for the first time in the three-year war.
Although it was intercepted, Riyadh called it an ‘act of war’.
The war has cost the lives of thousands of Yemenis and pushed the Arab world’s poorest country to the brink of famine.
More From Yemen
Al Houthis equate contraception with cultural invasion
Ban imposed by pro-Iran militia puts thousands of Yemen women at risk
Now, old and new banknotes divide Yemenis
Yemen’s STC to hand over seized funds to Arab alliance
Protests break out in Lebanon, army is deployed
Harry and Meghan lose their royal titles
India: Kerala man arrested for raping four daughters
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How Hard Can It Be To Buy A Computer In Germany And Get It Back Home To The UK?
Jenny List
Some of the best adventures in the world of hardware hacking start in the pub. For three volunteers at the National Museum Of Computing in the UK, [Adam Bradley], [Chris Blackburn], and [Peter Vaughan], theirs started over a pint with an eBay listing for an old computer in Germany. No problem you might think, we’re well used to international parcel shipping. This computer wasn’t a crusty old Commodore 64 though, instead it was a room-sized IBM System/360 Model 20 from the 1960s, complete with the full array of peripherals and what seemed to be a lot of documentation and software media. It would need a Mercedes Sprinter, a large van, to shift it, but that seemed feasible. With a bit of frantic bidding they secured the auction, and set off for Germany to view their purchase.
Arriving at the machine’s location they found a little bit more than they had expected. In an abandoned building on a side street in Nuremburg there was an intact machine room full of the IBM computer cabinets over a false floor with all the machine cabling in place, and the only usable access was through a street door which hadn’t been opened in decades and which was obstructed by the false floor itself. To cap it all they found they’d bought not one but two System/360s, and also unexpectedly a 1970s System/370 Model 125. Clearly this was more than a job for a quick in-and-out with a Sprinter.
What followed became a lengthy saga of repeated trips, van hire, constructing ramps, and moving heavy computer parts to a hastily rented storage unit. Decabling a computer of this size is no easy task at the best of times, and these cables had spent many decades in a neglected machine room. It’s a fascinating read, and a very well-documented one with plenty of photos. The machines now sit in their storage units awaiting a return to the UK, and the trio are soliciting any help they can find to make that happen. So if you happen to own a European haulage company with spare capacity on your Germany — UK route or if you can help them in any way, donate or get in touch with them. We think this project has much more to offer, so we’ll be following their progress with interest.
These three intrepid computer hunters were brought together at The National Museum Of Computing at Bletchley, UK. If you find yourself within range it is an essential place to visit, we did so in 2016.
Posted in hardware, RetrocomputingTagged ibm, System/360, TNMOC
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39 thoughts on “How Hard Can It Be To Buy A Computer In Germany And Get It Back Home To The UK?”
polish hacker says:
After recent terrorist attacks in Germany and France I’d be afraid to travel to western europe.
…in a truck.
Ray' says:
To travel to western europe, you must first be able to leave your house, which is in itself probably a very hard step
It’s still gonna take 100 years to even come close to the victims of 9/11, just as an example.
And “getting shot” is like an American hobby too these days, so I would guess you are safer here ;-)
Lol, it is the safest time ever in the states, the media just likes pushing the ‘Gun Violence’ narrative. Look at some data.
My wife and i were watching a fairly bland movie Sunday night and I had to pull up crime statistics from the UNDC and various other sources before she would believe this. She only has facebook as her source of bad news but that seems to be enough.
Fred Standart says:
Because terrorist attacks don’t happen in mother Russia?
ziew says:
Yet it seems easier to get killed by a drunk driver in Poland than by a terrorist in Western Europe. (I’m a Pole, so I’m allowed to say that, right? ;-))
bobbymobby says:
I’m a Polak too and yes you are definitly allowed… Anyway, almost half of Polish youth lives outside of Poland anyway…
The title made me think this was going to be a bureaucratic nightmare caused by Brexit.
I’m glad it isn’t that!
We had a System 3 in our computer Lab back in 1986-87, it didn’t work, our instructor told us there was a farmer a hundred miles away who was interested in it… he had a System 3 in his barn.
Do they get to keep the raised floor as well?
The original price of ours was $750000 USD.
Oh, Why was I thinking System 3?
And after reading the posts in the link, the raised floor was junk.
I wish them luck in all their endeavours!
Mr Name Required says:
The floor tiles were junk but I couldn’t see they evaluated the condition of the support posts and frames.
If they’re not too rusted then they might be worth salvaging, possible rewelding, sandblasting and recoating as it could save them money (perhaps).
Aibonewt says:
We popped in last weekend, it was absolutely amazing! My Girlfriend was really set on going to Bletchley Park Manor, but we took a ‘wrong turn’ (easily done) and spent the afternoon in TNMoC instead which she loved.
Also, my first comment after lurking here for more years than I care to remember. “Hello World!”
JohnU says:
Really? It’s not exactly crawling with terrorists.
Lykle says:
Good thing it wasn’t a 3090 system, then they had to handle water cooling as well. Man that were beasts!
But nice to see this old stuff still being cherished. Good work.
Wretch says:
Looks like someone wanted to torch the whole thing (i.e., jerry can) before decided to put them up on eBay instead. (c:
Steven-X says:
I noticed it.
And I thought petrol would need to be stored in an approved storage locker.
Never buy a mainfarme in a poke.
That’s what my grandmother always told me.
Andre Bryx says:
I used to win this aucton too to keep it in Germany.
Torque Leboeuf says:
I think we paid $5,000 to have someone haul a 360 away 40 years ago.
My wife is so happy i don´t have friends to “collect crap” with. If it was 3 of me i would totally aquire such a machine aswell. Good read, loved it:)
macsimski says:
I have fond memories of our DND haul a few years ago. hauling several cubic meters of old computer gear though a hole 80x80cm from a sub basement
Curious Marc just got a hard on…
Guys, have you tried contacting IBM to sponsor the haul back to UK?
Maybe they could also shed some light on the history of this particular machine…
Francis Theodore Catte says:
So it’s rumored that those two 360’s were owned by Puma, and used for processing paper tape records into a more modern storage format by their financial department– you can actually see a lot of Puma sports equipment in the background of a lot the photos on their blog posts. I’m guessing once they were done with their task, they just abandoned the machines there when their lease ended. And the property owner, probably realizing how much it would cost to remove several thousand pounds of essentially scrap IBM mainframe, just left them there. As for when they abandoned them, why they spent this long untouched, and where Puma got them initially, are the ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ parts.
BastetFurry says:
Why is a racists shitstain like yourself allowed to write comments in here? Begone, you don’t belong to us hackers!
Gérald says:
I would have loved to help! Especially since i was working these last months for a customer not far away (in the area of Strasbourg in France). Unfortunately, my project will end next week, and i have no clue about how to move all these stuff back to UK…
I had some heavy video equipments delivered from UK to France: Sony Flexicart automatic cassette changers, for a total weight of about 1500kg, and it costed me about £1350. But the bad surprise was that the equipement cabinet (similar to 42U computer cabinet and weighting 300kg each) were lied down on the floor. They were supposed to be delivered vertically on their wheels, but the truck’s door was too low so they decided to lie them down to carry them anyway, without warning me. So we were only two (the driver and i) to lift them up back on their wheels! Not to say they have been quite damaged because of that :-(
Just a word of warning about rental trucks: one can think that trucks with tail lift are made to move the heaviest loads. But in fact i’ve discovered that rental trucks with tail lift are allowed to move a maximum load of 700kg only! When the same truck without tail lift can handle 1200kg. Probably because tail lift weigths 500kg by itself, and because you cannot drive/rent a truck with more load capacity with only a car driver licence.
So by reading that the processor unit was about 600kg by itself, the truck has probably been overloaded a few time! By no way you can use such a truck to fill it and drive back to UK!!!
I will keep an eye on your progress. Good luck!
You don’t happen to work for the televison company that has been named Belgacom do you?
No, i don’t. Why?
I wrote the large part of the Flexicart interface for the automation system the French Belgacom (Skynet? (Polaris?)) system is using. I don’t know where they sourced their Flexicarts though.
Yeah, might be an unpopular opinion, but I don’t get the admiration for this old stuff. I totally understand ‘understanding’ it, so we can build better future things; if you don’t know where you came from you can’t know where to go and all that. But what is the point in buying, transporting, refurbing stuff like this? I’d rather see this brainpower set loose on modern technologies solving modern problems. Don’t get me wrong, I’m libertarian to the core, and if it makes you happy and doesn’t hurt anyone, more power to you! I just don’t get it.
RW ver 0.0.1 says:
It’s like steam trains but with more blinkenlights.
Ostracus says:
You kind of answered your own question, plus there’s still things to learn.
Philip Stott says:
I used to work for Acxiom UK (yeah, sorry) back in the late 80’s.
They were a big iron IBM shop, with data centres about the the size of a small house.
They never bought any of their mainframes, because apparently, back in the day, it cost $50K to decommission a site, so they would take them away for free and use them.
They didn’t need the latest kit, as a direct mail company, so it worked for them
when I was in high school around 1980, Exxon “donated” a machine (pre IBM/360). The school never tried to install it once it was noted it need 60A/3 phase power. I think my favorite thing was the hard drives with hydraulic head stepper motors and open pools of hydraulic fluid in the bases of the drives. It was miles of wirewrapped point to point wiring in a chassis that swung open so you could walk inside.
Josh Bensadon says:
Every time my friend Jack pulls a back musscle, there’s an interesting part of computer history to blame!
What a great haul!!! Please watch your backs and move it 1 bit at a time (pun intended)
Leave a Reply to Shannon Cancel reply
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Stock Futures Point to a Grim Start to Wednesday Trading after Trump Adviser Resigns
March 7, 2018 Sam Bourgi Market Overview, Politics
If the futures markets are any indication, Wednesday is shaping up to be a grim day on Wall Street. Stock futures were down across the board overnight after President Trump’s top economic adviser resigned over a trade policy dispute.
Cohn Quits
White House economic adviser Gary Cohn announced his formal resignation Tuesday evening, fueling fears that the Trump administration would follow through on its plan to impose stiff tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. Cohn had warned against pursuing any policy that could ignite a trade war with U.S. allies.
The White House said the dispute over tariffs wasn’t the only reason for Cohn’s resignation, but didn’t specify what other issues Cohn had with the administration’s policies.
Cohn, who previously served as the president and COO of Goldman Sachs, supported business-friendly policies that may have clashed with the president’s hardline approach to trade and other issues.
As Hacked reported earlier, President Trump could be pushing for tariffs as a negotiation tactic for securing a more favorable NAFTA deal. Trump has offered Canada and Mexico exclusion from the tariffs in exchange for an expedited NAFTA deal. Canada is the top exporter of steel and aluminum to the U.S.
Trump tweeted Tuesday night that the search for the next economic adviser was already underway.
Several Republican leaders have come out against the proposed tariffs, including House Speaker Paul Ryan and Senate leader Mitch McConnell. Congressman Mark Meadows, who heads the ultra-conservative Freedom Caucus, has also urged the president to rethink his decision.
Stock Futures Signal Rocky Day Ahead
Equity markets were down sharply in overnight trade, with Dow Jones futures pointing to a decline of 300 points or more at the open. At press time, Dow Jones mini futures for March settlement were down 341 points.
S&P 500 mini futures contracts fell 28 points. Nasdaq 100 minis also plunged 67.50 points.
The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust was down 1.5% at the time of writing.
U.S. stocks finished mostly higher in regular trade on Tuesday, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq sitting in positive territory month-on-month.
Cohn’s resignation is likely to be very significant for the markets on Wednesday. Investors are generally opposed to tariffs since they have the potential to slow international trade flows and ignite enmity among nations.
The European Union (EU) has already warned it will retaliate if Washington moves forward with the proposed plan. Brussels has said it will impose retaliatory tariffs worth up to $3.5 billion targeting American-made motorcycles, whiskey and apparel.
In response, Trump criticized the EU for being “impossible” to worth with, adding that “they’ll like us better and they’ll respect us more” once tariffs have been implemented.
In addition to trade concerns, economic data will be top of mind for investors in the latter half of the week. On Wednesday, payrolls processor ADP Inc. will report on private-sector job creation for the month of February. Two days later, the Department of Labor will issue its official nonfarm payrolls report for the same month.
Tags:dow jones futures eu tariffs gary cohn s&p 500 futures spy us stock futures
Author: Sam Bourgi
Chief Editor to Hacked.com and Contributor to CCN.com, Sam Bourgi has spent the past nine years focused on economics, markets and cryptocurrencies. His work has been featured in and cited by some of the world's leading newscasts, including Barron's, CBOE and Forbes. Avid crypto watchers and those with a libertarian persuasion can follow him on twitter at @hsbourgi
September 6, 2019 Market Overview
U.S. Stocks Settle at Monthly Highs After Fed’s Powell Signals Rate Cut Likely
U.S. Stocks Slide as Manufacturing Teeters on the Brink of Recession
Dow Futures Point to Miserable Tuesday Start for Wall Street
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Home / News / Better communication required for central and local gov
Better communication required for central and local gov
GB News: 21/06/2012 - 11:34
Now more than ever, it is essential that the two engage well, because responsibilities such as public health are moving to local government, local authorities are playing a vital role in the government's decentralisation agenda, and substantial reductions in staff are causing pressure.
On a positive note, there is clearly goodwill on both sides and they are directing considerable energy at improving how they communicate with one another, the report said. However, the organisational differences between central and local government make communication very challenging.
The NAO pointed out that while most individual communications between central and local government were of good quality, there were so many taking place that poor ones could still have a significant impact.
NAO head Amyas Morse said: "As the local delivery of services becomes an ever greater concern of central government, how departments and local government communicate with one another becomes all the more important."
"Only when these issues are addressed can the knowledge of both central and local government be used to best effect to achieve the joined up services that local communities need."
www.publicservice.co.uk/news
Portsmouth celebrates 175 tonnes of food waste recycled
In the first three months of a trial scheme run by Portsmouth City Council, local residents have recycled more than 175 tonnes of food scraps.
£3.4 million awarded for taxi wireless-charging trial
The Department for Transport has announced £3.4 million for trials for wireless charging of electric taxis in Nottingham.
Faster, fibre broadband rolled out in West Yorkshire
Over 141,000 premises across West Yorkshire can now enjoy faster, fibre broadband.
£1.6 million to make York’s buses cleaner and greener
City of York Council has awarded over £1.6 million to five bus companies to make their vehicles more environmentally-friendly.
High streets being ‘strangled’ by red tape
The Adam Smith Institute has argued that the high street needs to be made fit for purpose in the next decade.
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About Gratiana Lovelace
Contact Gratiana Lovelace
Happy New Year 2019! Wishing you and yours a great 2019!
Wishing you and yours a joyous Holiday Season!
Thanks to Esther for my/Grati’s nomination for
“The Stranger” new official trailer is suspenseful and riveting! January 17, 2020 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1277)
Richard Armitage’s new clothing optional Sexy SatuRdAy Selfies, January 11, 2020 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1276)
Will Richard Armitage banish or burnish his heartthrob image in the play “Uncle Vanya”? The London Sunday Times Interview, January 05, 2020 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1275)
Happy New Year 2020–RichardArmitage style! January 01, 2020 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1274)
“Expectations” (Book 2)–Ch. 37 Epilogue: Our Loving Expectations, December 31, 2019 by Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1273)
“Expectations” (Book 2)–Ch. 36 End: Solemn Vows, December 30, 2019 by Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1272)
Richard Armitage’s 2019 Holiday Message to his Fans, December 25, 2019 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #1271)
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"Love in the Great Pine Woods"
"N&S: John Thornton Love Lessons"
fangurling
Fun Day Sunday
Gratiana Lovelace
John Thornton
Sir Guy of Gisborne
smoulder
Something About Love
Something About Love by GratianaL is now also on Tumblr
Please click on the image to go to my Tumblr site.
Congratulations to Richard Armitage, 2015 Olivier Awards Best Supporting Actor Nominee for his portrayal of John Proctor in The Old Vic’s 2014 production of Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible”
Congratulations to Richard Armitage! 2015 Saturn Awards Best Supporting Actor winner for his role of Thorin Oakenshield in “The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies”!
Click the image to see Richard Armitage's thank you tweet.
Gratiana Lovelace Stories on Wattpad
Please click on the image to go to Wattpad. Then sign in and search for Gratiana Lovelace.
“Expectations” (Book 2, 2018 – 2019; the sequel to “Encouragement”); link to my story at my Wattpad site
“Encouragement” (Book 1, 2016), a Regency Love Story by Gratiana Lovelace
Please click on the image to go to my story on my Wattpad site.
“Standring’s Christmas Wish”, 2018 holiday short story; link to my story at my Wattpad site
“Somerset: A Time to Love” by Gratiana Lovelace (2017)
“Love in the Great Pine Woods”, an original love story by Gratiana Lovelace for 2015-2016
Please click on the image to be directed to this story on my Wattpad site where chapters are contiguous.
“N&S: John Thornton, Love Lessons” is my multi-generational fan fic romance completed on my Wattpad site in October 2014.
Please click on the story cover image to go to Wattpad. Sign in and then search for Gratiana Lovelace.
“A Magnificent Love”, is a an original contemporary romance of mine on my Wattpad site:
“Thorin’s Dream of Love”, a 2013 short story by Gratiana Lovelace
Please click on the image to go to the story on my Wattpad site.
“Sir Guy’s Atonement” (Book 3) on my Wattpad site (a Wattys Awards 2015 Nominee):
“Fire & Ice” (Revised for Wattpad, 2015), by Gratiana Lovelace
“Lost & Found” (Revised on Wattpad, 2014), this is one of my original contemporary romances, Gratiana Lovelace
“Thorin’s Journey: An Unexpected Love”, is an in progress story of mine that I am serializing here on my blog and on my Wattpad site:
For me, before there was Daniel, before there was Kenneth, before there was Proctor, before there was Gary, before there was Thorin, before there was Porter, before there was Lucas, before there was Sir Guy, before there was Harry, before there was John Standring, there was Richard Armitage as John Thornton in North & South (2004).
Click on this lovely gif by Reema to go to her Tempella Tumblr post with my own and other "North & South" Fan Fics linked.
Keep Calm Ladies, Richard Armitage is Smiling
His smiles are so joyous, I couldn't resist making this little graphic. Click on the image to download a copy.
Gratiana's Story Links
"A Magnificent Love", an original completed love story for the holidays by Gratiana Lovelace, posted December 2014 on my blog here
"A Magnificent Love", an original completed love story for the holidays by Gratiana Lovelace, posted December 2014 on my Wattpad site
"Dibley Revisited" (initial story link on my Wattpad site, 8/10/12), Gratiana Lovelace (linkposted here 2/20/13)
"Dibley Revisited: A Season of New Beginnings", Fan Fic by Gratiana Lovelace (and all story links), 2/19/12
"Encouragement", a Regency tale of love and romance by Gratiana Lovelace, 2016; My Wattpad link, September 24, 2016
"Fire & Ice" (Revised for Wattpad, 2015), is my original contemporary romantic thriller, Gratiana Lovelace, August 02, 2015
"Guy's Rose" Ch. 0 – 40: Sir Guy's journey takes a new path. The links for succeeding chapters are found in the pingbacks.
"Guy's Rose" initial story link on Gratiana's Wattpad site, 11/02/12
"Handsome", (Initial Scenes 0-3 & 4-7) (an original one act stage play by Gratiana Lovelace), serialized in 2 sections 1/10/12-1/11/12
"Handsome", Scenes 0-7 End(R -rating), serialized on Wattpad, 11/16/12 Gratiana Lovelace
"Lost & Found" by Gratiana Lovelace (Revised and enhanced for Wattpad), beginning Oct.19, 2014
"Love & Friendship", (Initial story link on my Wattpad Site) 11/26/12 Gratiana Lovelace (link posted here 2/20/13)
"Love & Friendship", (Initial story link) 11/26/12 Gratiana Lovelace
"Love is a Choice" (a period love story), by Gratiana Lovelace, 3/15/13–initial story link on my blog here
"Love is a Choice" (a period love story), by Gratiana Lovelace, 3/15/13–initial story link on my Wattpad site
"Lucas North, Nightwalker: A Spooky Tale" by Gratiana Lovelace (2013 ) –on my Wattpad site
"Lucas North, Nightwalker: A Spooky Tale" by Gratiana Lovelace (2013)–on my blog
"Mr. Romance" (Ch. 0 -34) An original fiction story by Gratiana Lovelace (Wattpad link), September 2013
"Mr. Romance", an original fiction story by Gratiana Lovelace (links for Ch. 0-34 are listed after the references)
"N&S: John Thornton, Love Lessons" (IP on blog) An original fan fiction by Gratiana Lovelace, October 2013
"N&S: John Thornton, Love Lessons" (IP on Wattpad) An original fan fiction story by Gratiana Lovelace, October 2013
"North & South: Nurturing Love" a fan fiction adaptation by Gratiana Lovelace, 2012
"Seeing Beauty" (initial story link for Ch. 0 – 32), an original story by Gratiana Lovelace, serialized here 8/20/12 to 11/16/12
"Sir Guy's Atonement" (Book 3), on my Wattpad site
"Sir Guy's Dilemma" (Book 2) by Gratiana Lovelace, on my Wattpad site, 11/14/12–a Sequel to "Guy's Rose" (Book 1), linked here 2/20/13
"Sir Guy's Dilemma", Ch. 1 (initial story post, 10/26/12–a Sequel to "Guy's Rose"), linked here 2/09/13
"Thorin's Dream of Love", by Gratiana Lovelace 2013 (initial blog link)
"Thorin's Dream of Love", by Gratiana Lovelace, 2013 (initial Wattpad link)
"Thorin's Hope: A Love Story"–Ch. 0-9 (initial chapter links on Wattpad), (an original fan fiction story by Gratiana Lovelace), serialized 9/08/11 to 10/27/11 on my blog and Fall 2012 on my Wattpad site
"Thorin's Hope: A Love Story"–Ch. 0-9 (initial chapter links), (an original fan fiction story by Gratiana Lovelace), serialized 9/08/11 to 10/27/11
zFiclet" "N&S: John Thornton's Loving Thoughts About Margaret at the Masters' Dinner" by Gratiana Lovelace, on my Wattpad site
zFiclet: "A Lady's Nightly Vigil of Love", a Sir Guy tale, April 10, 2013 Gratiana Lovelace
zFiclet: "North & South: 'Look Back, Look Back at Me'", a reimagined scene, 5/15/12 Gratiana Lovelace (Post 186)
zFiclet: "North & South: John Thornton's Loving Thoughts about Margaret Hale at the Masters Dinner", 3/28/12 Gratiana Lovelace (Post #156)
zFiclet: "Time to Go to Bed" by Gratiana Lovelace, 2014; on my Wattpad site
The Anglophile Channel’s 2013 Favorite British Artist Richard Armitage Interview, all 5 Parts: Teaser, 1, 2, 3, and Outtakes
Click on the image to go to Grati's blog post #525 with links for all of The Anglophile Channel videos of the Richard Amitage Interview.
zzzVideos and etc for the December Holidays
"Twas the Night B4 Bccmee's 12 Days of Guyness", a poem parody by Gratiana Lovelace, 11/30/11 (Post # 66)
Richard Armitage's Holiday 2011 Message, 12/24/11grati
Video: 'We Say a Little Prayer" for Richard Armitage, by Gratiana Lovelace with Teresa Armitage, September 2012
Video: "All I Want for Christmas" song in an RA fanvid by Fedoralady titled "My RA Christmas List (A Richard Armitage holiday fanvid)
Video: "An RA Christmas, 2012" (holiday music), by Gratiana Lovelace, December 2012
Video: "Deck the Rooftop – Glee Music Video" by the Kesler Family
Video: "Eartha Kitt — Santa Baby" by Lovely Heartfull Wishes
Video: "I'll be Home for Christmas" sung by Josh Groban
Video: "Richard Armitage Interview – The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey" London Press December 2012 by heyugusblog
Video: "Susan Boyle – Auld Lang Syne", by athp123
“The Crucible” will be available for download starting March 17, 2015 per Digital Theatre
Click on the image to go to Digital Theatre's home page for more download information.
The Crucible: IN CONVERSATION with Richard Armitage at The Old Vic on September 2, 2014
Click on the image to go to Richard Armitage Net's annotated transcript from "Richard Armitage In Conversation" about his role in The Crucible at The Old Vic in London.
Richard Armitage as Thorin Oakenshield Orcrist Swordplay gif by Midnightxsun
With a warrior's skill, Thorin demonstrates his graceful yet deadly finesse.
“The Hobbit 2: Desolation of Smaug Full Soundtrack” in a video by LuisCommentary
Click on the image to go to the YouTube link.
“The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug,” December 2013
Thorin Oakenshiedl (portrayed by Richard Armitage) and his band continue their quest to reclaim their homeland. Let none dare get in their way--not even a dragon. (Click on the image to go to The Hobbit movie site for up to date news and resources.)
“The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” 2013 Official Trailer#1
Click on the RANet Cap (cropped) of Richard Armitage portraying Thorin Oakenshield to go to the trailer.
Richard Armitage 2012 Portraits by Robert Ascroft at RANet
Talented, charming, confident, philanthropic, handsome, gentlemanly, and kind--Richard Armitage possesses all of these qualities and more. Click on the image to download it. Then to see it and other Richard Armitage portraits, visit the RANet Promo Portraits 2012 Gallery at www.RichardArmitageNet.com
“The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey – Official Trailer 2 [HD]”, Warner Brothers; “Loyalty, Honor, A Willing Heart. I can ask no more than that.”
Click on the image (RANet #38) of Thorin Oakenshield (portrayed by Richard Armitage) to go to "The Hobbit" Trailer #2
“THAUJ” London Premiere with Richard Armitage looking quite the sophisticated and elegant gentleman December 12, 2012
Click on the image to downloadit. Then visit the www.RichardArmitageNet.com picture gallery for the THAUJ London Premiere
“THAUJ” NYC Premiere with Richard Armitage December 6, 2012
Click on the image to download it. Then visit the RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com) gallery page for NYC Premiere photos.
NYC 2012 RIchard Armitage Portraits
Click on the image to download it. Then visit the RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com) gallery of NYC THAUJ Richard Armitage Promotional Photos
“THAUJ” Toronto Premiere with Richard ArmitageDec. 03, 2012
Click on the image to download it. Then visit the RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com) gallery with Toronto Premiere and promotions photos.
“THAUJ” Tokyo Premiere where Richard Armitage displayed elegance, grace, and poise
Click on the image to go to Jas Rangoon's compilation video of RA at the Japan Premiere, December 1, 2012
“THAUJ” Wellington World Premiere with Richard Armitage on November 28, 2012 shared by RANet
Click on the image of Richard Armitage (who portrays Thorin Oakenshield) to download it. Then visit RANet's (www.RichardArmitageNet.com)picture gallery for the Wellington Premiere
Richard Armitage portraying Thorin Oakenshield cover of Empire magazine, 10/24/12
Click the image to go to the Empire Online Article about the "Incredible New Hobbit Issue of Empire: Five amazing 3D lenticular covers", 10/24/12
Richard Armitage interviewed about portraying Thorin Oakenshield in “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” in Accion, Nov2212
Photo image is courtesy of RANet. For this interview and other Hobbit film intervies, click on the image to go to the Accion magazine's December Issue Hobbit Articles.
The New Hobbit Dwarfs Group Portrait, 9/27/12 (A “Bag End” dozen?)
Courtesy of The Hobbit Facebook Albums page
The “Young Prince” Thorin Oakenshield (as Portrayed by Richard Armitage in “The Hobbit”)
Click on the image to download it. Then visit the RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com) Hobbit Stills gallery (page 2) for this and other Entertainment Weekly article Comic-Con Hobbit images
Richard Armitage from his July 2011 Recognise Magazine photo shoot
Click on the image to download it. Then visit RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com), for more images of Richard Armitage and his characters.
Richard Armitage Portrait (with NZ fan Catherine) from the Isaac Theatre Royal Benefit June 23, 2012
Click on the link to download the image. Then visit RANet (www.RichardArmitageNet.com) for more news about the June 23, 2012 event.
Nation Flags of Visitors to this blog since May 26, 2012: Welcome! (IP the numbers next to the flags are close)
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Conscious Festival
Green Warriors
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Home » Conscious Guides » Conscious Scoop » The Conscious Scoop: US Withdraws from Paris, OCBC is Coal-free, Amazon Land Defender Killed
Home > Conscious Scoop
The Conscious Scoop: US Withdraws from Paris, OCBC is Coal-free, Amazon Land Defender Killed
by Tammy Gan
This week’s headlines are intense. We talk about the US withdrawing from the Paris climate accords and what that means for the world. Eleven thousand scientists unite to warn the world of the coming climate crisis. And OCBC Bank is finally actually going coal-free, and more.
1. The US withdraws from the Paris Agreement.
Many countries and environmental groups around the world have expressed disappointment with the move, but the US is doing it anyway (the withdrawal will take effect on 4 November 2020). The Paris Agreement that brought together 188 nations to fight climate change is undoubtedly the most significant climate pact in the world. So significant, in fact, that the Climate Action Tracker, an independent scientific analysis that tracks government climate action, has made an entire statement on the effects of the US withdrawal. Essentially, they predict the US greenhouse gas emissions to be at least 3% higher in 2030 than with the domestic climate policies still in place. On top of that, the statement highlights that this withdrawal may “lead to an avalanche of countries withdrawing,” which is probably way scarier.
Why are they withdrawing? Because the agreement supposedly imposed an “unfair economic burden” on the United States.
2. 11,000 scientists warn of “untold suffering” because of the climate crisis.
In a statement published in the journal BioScience, 11,000 scientists from 153 nations around the world are declaring “clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency. To secure a sustainable future, we must change how we live. [This] entails major transformations in the ways our global society functions and interacts with natural ecosystems.” What kind of changes are they proposing? Slashing fossil fuel usage, ending the destruction of nature, restoring forests and mangroves, eating less meat, reducing food waste, shifting economic goals away from GDP growth and stabilising the global population with ethical approaches, to name but a few. Now, we know that scientists always err on the side of caution and never exaggerate. So for them to make such a statement should sound the alarms for the world.
The scientists say “that such transformative change, with social and economic justice for all, promises far greater human well-being than does business-as-usual.” That’s some good news, at least?
3. Experts are saying that most countries’ climate plans are “totally inadequate”.
This shouldn’t be surprising given the above two headlines. According to comprehensive expert analysis by the Universal Ecological Fund, of the 184 national Paris pledges made, 136 are insufficient. That’s three-quarters, by the way. Apparently, the world is on a path to climate disaster. Another issue is that many pledges are unlikely to be met, with, for example, the US withdrawal, Brazil’s president (Bolsonaro, if you remember from our Amazon reporting) reversing environmental policies, and poorer nations not getting enough funding. (The US and Australia have stopped making such contributions.) Other major oil-producing countries, including Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Kuwait, have set no targets. Finally, China and India are cleaning up their energy systems, but their emissions are going to continue growing.
The report concluded that countries that pledged between 20-40% emissions reductions by 2030 need to do much better.
4. Amazon land defender killed by illegal loggers.
We’ve talked about indigenous villages being invaded and environmental activists being killed before, but it doesn’t make it any less horrifying. Young indigenous land defender Paulo Paulino Guajajara was reportedly attacked and shot in the head. He was inside the Arariboia reservation in the Maranhao state in Brazil’s Amazon. He is a member of Guardians of the Forest, a group combating logging gangs in the area. Non-profit group Survival International says that at least three Guardians have previously been killed, along with many of their relatives.
Concerned? Donating to non-profits who are working to protect the indigenous peoples in the Amazon is one way to help.
5. Prada is first in the fashion industry to sign-sustainability related loan.
We know that fashion is among the most polluting industries in the world. Earlier this year, 32 fashion houses pledged to protect the planet at the G7 summit. (Prada included.) And now, it’s stepping up its game with this industry-first move. It’s apparently inked a €50 million, 5-year sustainability term loan with Crédit Agricole Group. Meaning that if they achieve certain sustainability targets, they can adjust their interest rates. If, for instance, they obtain LEED Gold or Platinum certification for a certain number of stores. Or if they meet their targets for using Re-Nylon, etc. This is great news, but whether or not it’s greenwashing depends on their next moves. We’ll have to wait and see. (But according to Rank a Brand, who compares sustainability policies across various brands, Prada gets its lowest possible score on sustainability)
Read all about the loan here.
BONUS SCOOP
OCBC is now coal-free!
Earlier in the year, we reported that OCBC was the first bank in Southeast Asia to rule out funding new coal plants. Back then, it still had two coal projects in Vietnam. This caused some environmental groups to be sceptical of their big announcement. But now, it’s been confirmed, as reported by Eco-Business, that it’s dropped out of those projects. Julien Vincent, head of NGO Market Forces, campaigning for banks to quit coal in Southeast Asia, had this to say. “While OCBC is walking the talk, other banks such as DBS Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, which have also promised to stop funding coal, remain involved in new coal projects.” Vincent calls this “making a mockery of the policies they have only just introduced.”
Image credits: Getty via Forbes
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Tammy Gan
Tammy is an environmentalist and social media advocate who believes in thinking bigger and deeper about climate change. She hopes that with her actions, we will all grow to become environmentally conscious citizens (not consumers) with hearts for this beautiful planet we call home.
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Greenport Express
ABOUT THE GREENPORT ROTARY CLUB
The Greenport Rotary club is a group of local people who work together to make our area a better place. We are People of Action. Our club is a member of the Rotary International team, and we all believe that we have a shared responsibility to take action on our world’s most persistent issues both locally and globally. Worldwide, Rotary has 1.2 Million members in over 35,000 clubs working together to promote Rotary International’s six areas of focus:
Promote peace
Fight disease
Provide clean water, sanitation, and hygiene
Save mothers and children
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On a global basis, our club provides substantial support in the efforts of Rotary International and the Rotary Foundation to eradicate polio. Since 1979 the Polio Plus program has been the focus of RI’s health initiatives worldwide. Today there are only three countries in the world that experience this devastating disease. This is a 99.9% reduction, from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to 22 cases in 2017. Those countries still experiencing polio are Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria.
We in Greenport follow Rotary’s vision as follows:
“Together, we see a world where people unite and take action to create lasting change — across the globe, in our communities, and in ourselves.”
As such, we too are truly People of Action for our area, making a difference every day. We support our community with volunteer help and financial contributions to many programs, including:
College scholarships totaling $7,500 to outstanding Greenport High School seniors each year
RYLA (Rotary’s leadership program for high school students)
Interact and EarlyAct (school service organizations)
Literacy programs on the North Fork
Eastern Long Island Hospital
CAST (community assistance)
East End Seaport Museum
Veterans’ flags on Memorial Day
Glory Going Green (a youth science program)
Our most recent and most ambitious project is returning the miniature railroad to our village with the hope that it will again delight residents both young and old for years to come. But wait, there’s more! In addition to providing an attraction for visitors, it will be an ongoing source of revenue for our community programs. This is a significant challenge but not too big for us. We have the support of many local businesses and the Village of Greenport but we need your help to make this happen.
There are several ways you can become involved. You can donate financially, provide in-kind services, contribute materials or attend our fundraisers. We have established a 501(c)3 Charitable Account to which you can send donations. All gifts are tax deductible.
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Greenport Rotary: Service Above Self
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The Internet’s Grandma Moses?
Kyle ChaykaApril 15, 2011
Luzy/Tyepilot's “Hope40” (image via thestate.tumblr.com)
On the internet exhibition space The State, a Tumblr-based website, artist Chris Collins has published “tyepilot.com”. The text and image-based essay riffs off the artist’s discovery of a hidden cache of spam images advertising work-from-home internet jobs. The images are fascinating, but even more interesting is our fascination for the lost vernacular artifacts of the internet, the relative anonymity of their creators and the possibilities of a new age of internet folk art.
Collins’ Facebook messag-cum-essay is addressed to one Ron Tye, a name that the artist discovers after tracing a particularly striking spam image back to its source, a treasure trove of jpegs that all share the same quirky visual style and the same vocabulary of bad MS Paint jobs, weird image stretching and flowing letters. The original image, entitled “Hope40”, is pictured above. Collins writes,
By tracing this image URL, I was directed to a folder that contained over 40 different images, all completely different, all with “hope” in the title all promoting “tyepilot.com,” and all signed by a mysterious person called Luzy. Each image I found was more thrilling than the previous one, and I was struck by their breadth and intensity as a body of work. Each one used stock imagery typical to this type of industry: images of sandy beaches, exotic locations, piles of money, and “cyber” looking backdrops. Yet each was constructed in a way that seemed alien to all traditional conventions of design.
Luzy/Tyepilot's “Hope30” and “Hope7” (image via thestate.tumblr.com)
What’s cool to me about this is first the serendipity of the encounter Collins has with the images. At first, the images are totally anonymous, a kind of found vernacular internet art, part of humanity’s great cyber-subconscious that he happened to dredge up. tyepilot’s images are seemingly random collisions of different 90s internet tropes, the same tropes that are now fetishized in internet art. This is the source material of contemporary net artists, found in the wild, rendered transcendent by time, cyberspace, and the otherness of spam anonymity.
Collins’ essay speaks to how we fetishize the most basic property of the internet, the possibility of random encounters, sweeps with other worlds and other aesthetics. Collins’ discovery of tyepilot.com’s images are like finding a particularly talented folk or outsider artist, the Grandma Moses of the internet age. Weirdly prescient and yet totally out of touch, the images are surprising in their relevancy. The folk artist behind these vernacular masterpieces just happens to have left his signature on each image, signing them “Luzy” at the bottom right, and adding the hyperlink tyepilot.com.
Luzy/Tyepilot's “Hope57”, Grandma Moses, “A Country Wedding” (1951) (images via thestate.tumblr.com and tfaoi.com)
Collins writes that Luzy’s work reminds him of a friend who never studied piano but came up with beautiful compositions on his own — precisely because of his lack of training. Like Collins’ friend, Luzy “was not held back by rules and convention and was free to just create. The results were sincere and poetic.” The same definition holds to much of folk and outsider art. So is Luzy (possibly Ron Tye) our newest Henry Darger? His jpeg images look awkward and gauche, maybe a little too unpolished to really pass for contemporary internet art, just as Grandma Moses couldn’t pass for the Ashcan School. But the same sources and inspirations exist in Luzy’s work that artists are engaging with today, like a Romare Bearden work’s relationship to a Darger collage.
Though we may not yet have found an artist of the skill and magnitude of Darger or Granda Moses while sifting through the dregs of the internet, I think it’s pretty likely that we eventually will. The internet and its decades-worth of history is a repository of vernacular graphics, literature, found code and design. It’s up to us to sort through and find those things transcendent and discarded, rehabilitating to them to objects of value and artistic intention. Chris Collins has already started in on this process.
Wikipedia has a fascinating list of outsider artists on their outsider art page. I could probably spend days going through these artists and their works, incredible stuff.
art onlinefolk artGrandma MosesInternet ArtOutsider ArtThe State
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Update: Abraham Christie’s prior link with Gerrish
Just when you think you’ve seen it all….
After four years of tracking the myriad twists and turns of the Hampstead SRA hoax, we received this brilliant piece of info from the same clever reader who helped us break the story of Finn Hagan’s true identity: in a brief video clip posted by Abraham Christie on YouTube, Abe outs his own prior connections with the UK conspiracy community.
The video clip was filmed at a London event put on by Alex Jones’ InfoWars organisation in June 2012, titled “EXPOSING Financial Terrorism” and featuring speakers such as Max Keiser, John Perkins, F. William Engdahl, and Ian R. Crane. Crane is also identified as an organiser of the conference.
At about 2:15 in the clip, Christie sidles up to Max Keiser, a finance writer whose work features “heterodox” economic theories—”heterodox” being the opposite of “orthodox”. Apparently.
In the clip, Christie urges Keiser to “go back to the silver drachma, the three-gram drachma”.
Speaking to the camera whilst brandishing a silver brick, Keiser says,
This man has brought this for me—it’s a kilo of silver. This means that Jamie Diamond’s JP Morgan’s balance sheet just got destroyed by ten times, by 100 times this amount. And the answer is yes.
Perhaps sensing that the camera operator is about to lose interest, Christie turns and blurts, “Cash money for silver!” as Keiser slips the ingot into his pocket.
What was all that in aid of?
To put this in context, on 15 February 2012 Christie registered his company, “Cash Money 4 Silver“, with Companies House. This company replaced an earlier venture—buying and selling gold.
An old friend described Christie’s business acumen thus:
A[braham] believed he could make a killing as a gold trader and sold [his family’s] house in North London to finance his new business, but he bought his gold at the top of the market and it lost a third of its value over the following year!
Perhaps he thought he’d make it up in the volume? [Oi, watch the sarcasm there—Editor]
In any case, once the gold-trading business went tits up, Christie moved on to silver. Presumably he believed that giving away two-kilo silver ingots to “heterodox” economics writers at InfoWars-sponsored events would somehow boost his fledgling company’s profile.
To nobody but Christie’s surprise, it didn’t work: Cash Money 4 Silver Ltd followed its predecessor into oblivion on 25 March 2014.
Christie and the conspiracy connection
As we’ve mentioned recently, Christie appears to be attempting yet another comeback, exploiting images and videos of the two children he tortured in Morocco in his bid to big up his latest business venture, Raw Hempstars. This appears to be yet another iteration of the company he and Ella formed in June 2014, Hempstar Dynamics Ltd (struck off compulsorily in February 2016).
It looks as though he published the above video as some sort of proof of his bona fides as a True Blue Conspiranoid Wackdoodle. The introductory text to the video clip reads,
This Financial Conference in Marble Arch London was organized by counter intelligence agents Ian Crane; Brian Gerrish; Max Keiser and INFOWHORES Alex Jones. Renowned Hemp Activist; founder of Hempseed Organics Ltd. Nutritional Researcher; Inventor of the ’Game Changing’ Innovative, CRD Hempstar, Regrigerated Tumbler, for creating Cannabis Concentrates, e.g. ‘Bubble Hash & Rosin etc; Dr. Abraham Christie attended this conference, unaware of the ‘Spooks’ in attendance; Abraham’s gift of a kilogram of silver bullion to Max Keiser attracted the attention of certain spooks, hence this unsolicited recording by Patrick ‘INFOWHORE’ Henningsen.
Shortly after this conference, UK GOVERNMENT AGENT BRIAN ‘ex Naval Intelligence, U.K. Column’ GERRISH had Abraham put under surveillance till Agent FINBAR HAGAN aka FINBAR WRIGHT ( a ‘Kincora ‘survivor/agent ) made contact with Abraham at yet another financial conference presented by Max Keiser AND GEORGE GALLOWAY at the House of Commons. GERRISH ‘handled’ HAGAN, & together they, BILL MALONEY & JoNATHAN ‘Numnuts WEDGER BETRAYED THE HAMPSTEAD CHILDREN to the U.K. #pedosodomitedeathcult
We aren’t sure we want to know what a “regrigerated Tumbler” is, but the part about Crane and Brian Gerrish having been involved in organising the 2012 conference is borne out by this video, which turns out to have been the source of Christie’s shorter clip:
At one point, this familiar face turns up:
From Christie’s description, then, it seems likely that at very least, he knew of Gerrish’s presence at the 2012 conference. Curiously, although it’s clear from this link that über-conspiranoid David Icke was not present at the conference, the same InfoWars videographer, Patrick Henningsen, travelled to the Isle of Wight to chat with him during the conference.
Meanwhile, Christie also claims that Keiser and George Galloway put on another conference on the topic of finance, this time at Westminster.
Mirabile dictu, Christie is correct on this one: the second event did occur in November 2012, and was immortalised in a video called “Max Keiser Does Westminster“. No evidence exists that Finn Hagan was present at that event, nor that he was “handled” by Gerrish. However, it’s entirely possible that he would have been there, and that he and Christie met at that time.
An evolving puzzle
This information adds a new and very interesting dimension to our understanding of how the Hampstead SRA hoax began.
In the past we have speculated that Belinda McKenzie and Sabine McNeill had been responsible for putting Christie and Draper in touch with Gerrish and Bill Maloney. However, Sabine’s trial revealed that this was incorrect; while McKenzie had informed her followers in June 2014 that she had a big, important case brewing, this turned out to have been something unrelated to the Hampstead hoax.
Christie, however, has just nicely filled in a few of the blanks for us: he now claims to have had a previously undisclosed link to Gerrish, dating back to two years before the Hampstead hoax began. And a few months after that contact was established, Christie claims, he met (and possibly remained in touch with) Finn Hagan.
With this in mind, it now makes much more sense that immediately upon their return from Morocco with the two exhausted, beaten-down children and a handful of recorded “confessions” from them, Christie would have fired off an email to Gerrish outlining the allegations the children had been forced to make.
Gerrish would seem an odd choice, except that one of the main points of torturing the children in the first place was to publish the children’s stories, via Gerrish’s UK Column. That plan was foiled when the police removed the children from Christie and Draper’s care, but the stage would now be set for the arrival of Sabine McNeill and Belinda McKenzie.
20/04/2019 in Investigating the hoax. Tags: Abraham Christie, Alex Jones, Bill Maloney, Brian Gerrish, Ella Draper, Finn Hagan
Updating the FAQ: Promoters of the hoax
More pieces of the Gerrish/Hoaxtead puzzle fall into place
← Video share: Why did the Hampstead SRA hoax start?
Video share: Who is Abraham Christie? →
120 thoughts on “Update: Abraham Christie’s prior link with Gerrish”
Ooh, nice digging, EC and “clever reader” 😜
Nice work! Abe’s head exploding in 3…2…1…
“This man has brought this for me – it’s a kilo of silver.”
That’s Abe for yer – always giving someone ag.
The guy clearly wasn’t expecting to be given a kilo of silver. Seems Abe had the element of surprise.
MKD’s been doing some digging too and it turns out Bart Simpson was behind the Notre Dame fire:
We’re through the looking glass, people 😮
Wellington Boo says:
Speaking of the mighty MKD, it seems King Wanoa, Emperor of Cook Street, is having him hanged (for the heinous crime of using clips from his videos without his permission)… 😂
@John Wanoa – Pardon the rocket science but maybe people could ask you for your permission if you didn’t keep blocking them 🤔
Apparently he’s gonna have him hanged AND sent to Guantanamo for life. How does that work? 🤔
What’s a “bran dead monkey”?
I loved how he shoved it in his pocket so quickly whilst Abe was being dazzled at his moment in the spotlight.
One that misses out on his Wheaties for breakfast. Believe me you don’t want to run into one if you think a cat in a bad mood is to be avoided.
At least Dan Tarragon got a pass in that screed. Not that I have a clue who he is.
Devine’s live again 🙄💤💤💤
35:45 – “Remember ‘Life of Brian’? They were telling you a lot of things in there. Never a truer word spoken in jest” 🙄
Wanoa’s got another FB suspension, lol. This one’s for his Araya share calling for all Catholics to be burnt:
I swear Andy’s getting angrier with every broadcast!
1:07:41 – He’s still claiming that Ray Savage was present at the Hampstead children’s police interviews 🙄
Just the two people blocked for asking uncomfortable questions today – Annie Gregz and Nigel Kirk-Rhodes.
At 45:53 one of them asked him to say the word ‘meme’ again and he said, “Memmy or meemy.” 😆
Yeah and check out his attempts to say the word ‘subliminal’ at 27:28
Andy’s efforts to rationalise Wanoa’s racist remarks from 1:05:10 to 1:07:41 will make you wince.
Devine’s arrogant ego is insufferable at times especially when he says things like “we the people” when he’s preaching utter claptrap aided by Wanoa’s incomprehensible rubbish that is usually about lynching one of his perceived enemies to a tiny handful of fools who really seem to think something is going to happen any day now.
He really lays into Muslims in this one as well.
I believe that the element of surprise is in fact Omygodium.
In today’s he rants about Muslims “coming to England and trying to impose their rules on us”. Exactly what Wanoa’s trying to do, in other words 🙄
SHe’s has been on facebook longer than anyone???
2018… cause nobody had heard of or used that new fangled facebook thing before that!!!
Oh yes I did mean to type SHe btw…
But says he is not racist, nor is John Wanoa!
A bit off (today’s) topic but I did a search on the Law Society (the pro search tab where you search for an individual solicitor) and Edward Ellis is not listed at present.
Did you see the link I sent you in Wednesday, CAW? he was struck off in 2013.
https://hoaxteadresearch.wordpress.com/2019/04/17/going-back-over-old-ground/comment-page-1/#comment-135680
Two odd things here. Firstly accusing war vererans of being “sottish”, but even more wierd, the appearance of commas in a John Wanoa post. I guess it’s cut and paste as it has a rare reference to Guantanamo Bay, and said Bay is correctly spelled.
You’d need the lungs of a Wagnerian opera singer or glassblower to read any of his posts aloud without taking breath until you reach punctuation (paragraph end).
“Scots, Muslim, Queen, Rothschild, Popes, White Trash” that pretty much covers it (commas supplied). Possibly Jesus is mentioned too in “joiner accessories”, or else he just has it in for carpenters in general.
Struck off and prevented by an ECRO from commencing litigation. That’s why he a) uses dupes to do it for him and b) why he’s under a suspended committal order for doing it.
His appeal to the Admin Court (Admin Court of the QBD, not the fantasy QBD of FoTLers with their imaginary quote from Halsbury’s Law btw) is gold: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/561.html
” On 12th May 2005 His Honour Judge Mitchell wrote to the Law Society. He was sufficiently concerned about Mr Ellis’ state of mind that he adjourned so that consideration could be given to the appointment of a litigation friend describing his submissions “as the ramblings of an apparently deluded mind”:
“joiner accessories”
You’d think Wanoa would want them on his side when he assumes power, so they could become his Cabinet.
Sorry, should have said he was suspended indefinitely from practising in 2006, then struck off permanently in 2013.
Apologies if I didn’t acknowledge before Office Tapir, yes, I did indeed see the link but I seem to remember something (I have done office type work in solicitors’ offices in the past) about there sometimes being ways around things. I remember there was a lawyer who still worked although he had been in prison at one time (not in a firm I worked for!) and I was told that the person in question there was allowed to act for people as long as he did not handle money personally. How the heck is Mr E allowed to act for people then? Is he working as an advisor or as a litigation friend where he sticks his oar in?
Office Tapir my earlier post seems to have vanished but could be in moderation. I did see your information about Mr E the other day. My lost post was a bit longer but I won’t repeat anything else in case it comes out of moderation.
Thanks, CAW
Thing is he’s not allowed to act for people – he just keeps presenting himself as if he is and has ended up in court over it as a result.
Brian Harvey threatening Flo, Sparkle, MKD and others with King’s Bench 🙄
Mostly the Clever Reader to be honest, but it gave us a good hook to check things out.
Coat. Door. Out.
I’m not going to link it (don’t want to give the person views) [calls himself something like Childrenofitsrealouthear Yah if anyone wants to check it] but I still get “fundie” (in both senses of the word, or more properly contraction of a word – fundamentally religious and asking for funds) when I go on YouTube. Anyway, this er, er, gentleman was commenting on the unexpected death of May-Lecia Naylor (a 16 year old actress who has been on TV, and the death of such a young person is very sad). It seems she may have had a heart condition but this cove is trying to say it may have been a sacrifice and unfortunately although he is a new “troofer” to me (does a new “troofer” pop up every minute) he has his cult following who are taking it in. Why can’t these people let the dead rest in peace – it’s always sad when it’s a young person – and let her family mourn tranquilly. Sorry, I really am CROTCHETY this afternoon.
Meant to say I still get recommendations for “fundie” videos on YouTube. That’ll teach me to proof read!!
“King’s Bench” is troofer-speak for “lynch mob” now, apparently.
Aww, Fatfooka’s upset again, lol.
Great headless chicken act, though, especially the part where he starts spouting debunked four-year-old “facts” from Kris Costa or all people… 😂
Dear Mr. Matheson
Thank you for informing us of your concerns over the legality of this website. I refer you to the reply given in the case of Arkell v. Pressdram.
Head tapir, admin dept.
Hoaxtead Research™ PLC
Looks like EC has a new fan…
Not sure what he means by no right to reply, though. We allow contrary comments (as long as they stay within the law).
Blimey, they’re queuing up…
I’ve been busy with holiday stuff this weekend, but did let them know that I’ll be in touch next week. It’s certainly a curious turn of events! 🙂
Check out the butt-hurt in this one 😂
He thinks only blog admins can put pictures into a comment? Too funny 😂
“Why do you think it is illegal to mention [protected witness]? I assure you all, there is nothing illegal about mentioning him”
So he reckons he’s an expert on the Hampstead case… but doesn’t even know about the court order issued in January? The ignorance – it burns 😮
Shall we just ignore this ignorant attention-seeking weirdo from now on?
None taken 😆
Great news, EC! You can never fail with your skills and qualities.
A kilo of silver sells for £400 or so…Abe made such a spectacle of himself in that video there, looking like a shifty ponce trying to fluff up non-existent feathers. Desperado.
BTW I did not realise that David Shayler is also an SRA believer: https://barthsnotes.com/2008/03/13/satanic-ritual-abuse-the-protocols-of-the-elders-of-zion-and-david-shayler
I vote yes. 🙂
Interesting, Mark. You may be aware that Shayler lived with rabid SRA promoters Belinda McKenzie and Charlotte Ward (aka Jacqui Farmer) in Highgate for a while. I’ve often wondered whether he saw eye-to-eye with them on the SRA,myth so thanks for this. I wonder how much of an influence on him they were or whether he came to adopt these views all by himself. (and/or thanks to Icke’s influence).
He can get all the attention and arselicking from his one solitary fan anyway – a fellow sad individual who’s also desperate for attention…
To be honest we can’t really share his stuff anyway, as he keeps breaching a court order by naming a protected witness (and all those white strips are quite time-consuming, lol). He’s just put up another post (which I won’t link) in which he’s once again denied the existence of the court order. He’s seemingly oblivious to why both Belinda McKenzie and Edgar ‘Ediieisok’ John both received suspended sentences a few months ago; and sorry, that level of ignorance is way too painful to keep subjecting myself to, so I vote ignore too 🙂
Taylor of Scamama says:
LOL, Matt Taylor’s lost his YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/user/taylormotm/videos
Jealousy’s a hell of a thing, isn’t it 😆
Good of Twitter to offer to translate that one into human.
Well, that’s not a tweet you see every day… 😂
Admiral Silvertron of the Grey Alien Starfleet Command says:
We come in search of intelligent life and have traversed a thousand galaxies to reach your planet. Is Cat Scot a typical Earthling? Fuck 😮
Mr Spock says:
You think Cat Scot is odd? I take it you haven’t been to meet our Supreme Leader yet?
I wonder who he’ll blame for that…
Looks like Wedger’s taken his comments down 🤔
I was going to say the aliens would probably go back from whence they came but Admiral Silverton has already done so more wittily than I could.
BTW, the young actress who sadly died was Mya-Lecia not “May” – my comment on the video isn’t showing up so it’s either been deleted or I’m shadow banned. Why doesn’t it surprise me that the guy making the video has a big button saying “Donate”. There didn’t seem to be any dissenting views though there were some down votes (I imagine any other dissenting comments had been removed) though unfortunately there were many more up votes on the video.
I’m never sure what to wish people at this season – happy Easter or happy Paschal Feast (with Easter having been a pagan goddess and this is a Christian feast). Have a good day everyone (especially as we look to be having a rare thing – a good day weatherise for the feast in the UK).
Tinribs, I didn’t link originally because I didn’t want to give the person views
So sad what has happened in Sri Lanka today – I wonder how long it will be before that becomes a “false flag”. I’m becoming very cynical about the so-called truther community now – which is sad if there is the odd genuine person among them. https://youtu.be/5pBqYrPIA2M
Anyway, I hope everyone has a good Easter/Paschal feast/or just plain holiday (if they are not religious).
Ghost of Samuel says:
In a sense Mel Gibson was correct when he said “Jews run Hollywood” (as did Marlon Brando) but it’s not some great conspiracy rather a matter of the Nazis running all the talented Jews out of East Europe and most in the arts headed for California with it’s vibrant movie industry.
This is no different to saying “the British run Australia” in the 1800s as it’s an historical fact.
Did Gibson mean it maliciously at the time? As he was pissed as a rat it’s hard to say but a great pal of mine was selling the Mad Max movies in the UK decades ago when Gibson and the films were pretty well unknown and he had been with Gibson in Cannes and said “he’s a very nice bloke but a bit nutty and belongs to some weird right-wing Catholic sect and is always quoting conspiracies but they keep changing all the time.”
As Gibson still makes movies in LA he’d be dealing with Jews every step of the way from unions to agents and artists so I doubt he’s a racist. All those immigrants who settled in California (as they did in New York) had families who had families and so on so of course there are going to be large numbers of them in all industries. Just like most cities have Little Italy’s or Chinatown’s.
Now I see the “fake news” websites are claiming Gibson said “pedos and Satanic child killing cults run Hollywood” when he never uttered such words.
One unexpected result is that when the Fascists banned Jewish doctor & dentists from working in pre-war Germany the citizens had to suffer terrible teeth problems during WW2 for lack of treatment.
It’s a pity an idiot like Matt Taylor didn’t live there at the time as a fevered racist we wouldn’t heard his rantings as he’d probably spend all his time moaning about the lack of root canal therapy while being forced to watch Leni Riefenstahl’s endless turgid offerings.
I don’t know whether “virtue is its own reward”, but being a trashburger gobshite is certainly its own punishment, as it turns you into someone like Matt Taylor.
Gibson is what I would call a pre-Vatican II Catholic. It is shamefully true that the Church did label Jews as “Christ killers.”
However, this is thankfully no longer true and those who cling to it are really not paying attention. If I read my Church edicts correctly it is “official” that Jews have their own Covenant and will also be admitted the Heaven.
Atheist readers may like to let out a giggle at this time, but it’s my story and I’m sticking to it! 😇
No antisemitism there, then:
I never did get that. Didn’t the Romans kill Jesus? Sounds like buck-passing to me.
Also, it seems pretty hypocritical of them to hate people for crucifying Jesus when he himself forgave them!
I reckon they’re just bitter about the Judean People’s Front failing to save him.
I think I hate people that promote this stuff. I mean really HATE them.
100,000s of people die every day from all sorts of things and 1000s of teens die from ailments, accidents. weak hearts and so on. This week the son of a resident in my building died in a car crash -he was a passenger. They were all stoned or drunk and he was 16. I can’t even dwell on the despair of the parent.
I know my mother wept for days when my brother died of kidney disease even though he was 56 at the time and we all knew ( and he did) it would happen eventually and my Mum joined him 5 years later.
It’s estimated that at least 40,000 children die every day in Third World countries because they don’t have access to things we take for granted- clean water etc.
These Conspiracy Creeps would rather draw attention away from real life situations to their own fantasies.
And I don’t dismiss what happened to day in Sri Lanka.
It's A Fact & it's Not Fiction says:
The True Andy Devine is now appearing.
To date he’s presented himself as a rather harmless facilitator for the nut bag John Wanoa and his bizarre schemes that will never happen but get him the occasional 25 quid and a few air fares from Andy.
Now Andy is revealing himself as a believer in every Fruit Loop conspiracy claptrap ever invented. As the entire charade begins to unfold his bitterness is coming to the fore.
## Heather: for you own sake and your son- boot the old grifter out of the house now before he bankrupts the family. I mean that kindly !!
That Sri Lanka thing is horrible 😥
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-48001720
That “coarse” has done nothing to improve their spelling and grammar 😆
Yesss! My report of that post was successful and he’s just got another 30-day suspension 😀
CLICK TO VIEW – Go to 5:30
FAO Ghost of Sam 🙂
Yes, it looks that way. Curiouser and curiouser.
Riiiiiight. Whatever you say, mate…
Yawwwn. How original…
Can other Australian cities see us too? 🤔
The HR channel has 102 subscribers already!
Go EC 😃🍾🥇🎈🏆🥂
That’s two hoaxer fruitloops who’ve have had suspensions today that I know of 🙂
Also, Tom Dunce’s Ella video’s been taken down by YouTube 😀
Happy Easter everyone 🎯🎈:)
Guess who’s live again
“Stop taking orders!”
Er… 🤔
The sick perverted bastard was talking about the Hampstead children “having dildos stuck up their bum” 😡
“When I talk about the Hampstead case, I don’t know it’s the truth.”
~ Andy Devine
I’ve just realised that Neelu was on with him earlier in the feed 😂
She’s in trouble with the bailiffs again 🙄
Andy’s really on the warpath about “trolls”, who he’s saying work for GCHQ, MI5, MI6 and Mossad 😂
Oh my god, check out what Devine says at 35:08! He says that when he came out of prison, he nearly became a serial killer 😮
I had to take a recording of that if only to convince myself he’d really said it!
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xLs0EQtdKfyqWrqia7X-SK4HhuAIEWMM
Wankerwatch says:
Is it just me or is this guy in desperate need of some new material…?
Incidentally, the video title and description have almost nothing to do with the actual video but I’ve reported it anyway.
Good to see so many people queuing up to subscribe to his channel 😂
I love that he says we’re predictable, when he’s been posting pretty much the same comment round the clock for about two years 😆
I see he’s still loving his own comments, lol:
The People's Front of Judea says:
SPLITTERS!!! 😡
It seems I contributed to the Taylor takedown and I hadn’t even realised!
Aww, diddums…
I love how WPC Latham and DC Grimwood are still being fed all the evidence they need for a conviction, if not outright sectioning…
(whats the rules on blocking email senders when you are a cop anyway, I’m sure there is a limit to the abuse they have to take before they are allowed to block total pillocks)
“It doesn’t count as ‘serial’ if you stop after two.”
First lesson in Disinformation Agent Training is “How to use Apostrophes”.
I believe that the words “Kings Bench” is actually rhyming slang for Troofers Stench.
Poor old mummies boy Fabooka. If it wasn’t for folk looking at his blog to take the piss and his one fan Cat then he would receive no hits at all. It must be great to be so popular, hey Fabooka?
If that is the case Wedger, then why do you block anybody that asks you a question? Nothing to hide then nothing to fear.
That is great news to hear, thanks Tinribs for letting us know.
Now I have a Brian Eno earworm and I hope you’re satisfied.
King’s Bench Cat put the innocence inside her, it will come, it will come, it will surely come
King’s Bench Cat was a mother to desire, it will come, it will come, it will surely come
And then Agent J finished him off 🙂
151 last I looked 👍👍
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Tag Archives: Jessica Gallant
Victory! Standing Rock Wins
November 20, 2016 Maintenance
A great day of victory was had today for the Sioux tribe at Standing Rock, with the Army backing down and no longer defending DAPL to build the pipeline across territory that the Sioux tribe states is sacred land housing their ancestors, which they state that even though they sold–they had written right concerning what could be done with the land. It is reported that the pipeline will now be rerouted away from the disputed Sioux territory.
And remember, this land was theirs first! Victory indeed! Shame on those who abused the Native Americans and the protestors. Congratulations to the Sioux and all the brave freedom fighters defending their rights!
Chill E.B. Fights for Sioux Tribe at Standing Rock
About Chill E.B.
Legendary political rapper Chill E.B. has just released a new protest anthem– “They Don’t Care About Us” in tribute to the brave Native American tribes fighting for their sacred land, at the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in North Dakota.
“This song echoes the sentiment of the Lakota Sioux community,” Chill E.B. explains, who attended the recent protest in defense of Standing Rock in San Francisco. A veteran rap artist from Northern California, Chill E.B. has received numerous awards and accolades including The California Peace Award, among more. The mayor of his hometown, Jacksonville, North Carolina proclaimed October 14th as ‘Chill E.B. Day’. In 2012 he received the international Human Rights Award presented by The Citizen’s Commission on Human Rights.
Chill E.B. has opened for other major stars including Dr. Dre, NWA, M.C. Hammer, Naughty By Nature and many more. He has also performed in concert with the California Symphony, and shared the stage with Grammy winning jazz legends Stanley Clark and Chick Corea, among others. On December 3rd, 2016 Chill E.B. will embark on a one month Asian tour performing in Japan and Taiwan. He has been on an international humanitarian tour since 2010 which has taken him to 25 countries.
About Standing Rock
According to the Standing Rock council’s website, “The Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservation is home to Dakota and Lakota people of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. Since time immemorial, they have lived and governed a vast territory throughout North and South Dakota, and parts of Montana, Wyoming, Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska. Currently, the Tribe is located in central North and South Dakota.
Despite strong objections from the Tribe from the first time they heard of the project on July 25, 2016, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Army Corps) granted authorization to the Dakota Access Pipeline to cross Lake Oahe as part of the construction of a 1,100-mile pipeline that is proposed to carry over a half-million barrels of Bakken crude oil to Illinois and across four states. The current route of construction takes the pipeline less than one half mile from the Tribe’s reservation border, and thus the Tribe maintains a sovereign interest in protecting its cultural resources that remain with the land.
All along the route of the pipeline are sites of religious and cultural significance to the Sioux people, including burial sites of their ancestors. The pipeline would cross the Tribe’s traditional and ancestral lands and the construction of the pipeline jeopardizes many sacred places. While federal law requires meaningful consultation with the Tribe on these matters, that has not happened here. The Tribe opposes DAPL because the U.S. government must–by law–honor the Tribes religious liberty which includes the land of their ancestors, and protect their sacred sites and precious waters.”
According to Opponents of the DAPL:
1, White Invaders Stole America from the Native Americans–now they are trying to do it again.
a, The U.S. Government has given back a tiny portion of the land to Native Tribes, a tiny token of what they deserve and can never be repaid for the theft, rape, pillage, and massacre
b, The government again began buying / stealing these token land grants back, and leaving Native Americans with only tiny areas called reservations–that itself is not acceptable
c, The government is now attempting to infringe on the rights of these Native American Reservations
2, The path of DAPL is through sovereign land
3, The land of the Native Americans is sacred, and houses their ancestors–all a part of their religious worship and religious freedom
4, DAPL is dirty fuel, that will contribute to the destruction of the environment of many
5, DAPL backers are killing cattle owned by the Native Americans
6, Police are violating the constitutional rights of peaceful protesters, firing at them and journalists with rubber bullets, and illegally removing peaceful protesters from tribal lands
7, At least one city near the reservations did not want the pipeline near them, and the DAPL reportedly took heed, but–the tribes argue, are not giving the same respect to the tribes
8, DAPL got away with EPA oversight and regulation, by covertly treating the pipeline build as numerous small construction projects, rather than the massive one it really is
9, Water contamination is a valid risk, as the pipeline could reportedly leak and threaten the water supply of the tribes
10, The Army Core of Engineers, a civilian and military branch of the U.S. army was reportedly accused in 2011 of accepting “cost projections from land developer KBR, in a no-bid, noncompetitive, contract.” After high ranking Army Core member “Bunny” Greenhouse complained about this act, she was reportedly demoted from her Senior Executive Service position, stripped of her top secret security clearance, and-according to Greenhouse, had her office booby-trapped with a trip-wire from which she sustained a knee injury. A U.S. District court reportedly awarded Greenhouse $970,000 in full restitution of lost wages, compensatory damages, and attorney fees, according to Wikipedia. Possible corruption is occurring with the Army Core related to DAPL, protesters argue.
Defenders of the DAPL state:
1, Crude oil reportedly accounts for just 6% disasters within pipeline issues
2, The tribes sold the land to to the government that they want to lay pipes on–years ago, for over 5 million dollars, and have no rights to the land anymore (tribes argue they still have a legal say in the land per earlier agreements)
3, America needs to get off reliance on foreign oil, and this will help America
4, DAPL offered the tribes millions of dollars for some of their land, but they refused, so they said they bought land near them instead
5, protesters have been trespassing on land now bought and owned by DAPL, and damaging their equipment and committing acts of vandalism
6, America needs energy to survive, and function as a country
7, Army Core made amends, and does a lot of good for the environment, are following the law, and doing their job
8, The CEO of DAPL has put money towards conservation, cares for the environment, and is not violating rights or the law
9, America needs the pipeline to make fuel more plentiful for energy, and less expensive for Americans
Trump Supports the Pipeline
The CEO of DAPL said he will not re-route the pipeline. He donated over $100,000 to the Trump Campaign, and Trump is predicted to support the pipeline, having reportedly invested over 1 million dollars in to DAPL. President Obama recently signed an order temporarily halting construction of the pipeline near the Sioux tribes.
For more information from the Sioux tribe regarding their position on Standing Rock, visit:
http://standwithstandingrock.net/take-action/
For more information on Chill E.B., visit his official website at: www.ChillEB.com
This content is copyright 2016, Hollywood Sentinel, all rights reserved. This content may be reproduced in full (with no additions or omissions), for no profit, provided that this link is included to this site of www.HollywoodSentinel.com. Contact: 310-226-7176. The Hollywood Sentinel assumes no liability for any advertisers within its pages or linked to any content herein.
American sovereigntyArmy coreChill EBcrude oilDAPLDAPL pipelineDAPL reroutedElite ConnectionsJessica GallantNative American rightsNative American SovereigntyNorth Dakota protestSioux tribeStanding RockStanding Rock VictoryStanding Rock WinsTrumpWynn Free
Moira Cue & Phoebe Price Stars in Episode #2 of Comedic Webisode Hollyweird!
April 21, 2016 Maintenance
Hollyweird! Episode #2
Controversial celebrity Phoebe Price; widely photographed on the red carpets around the world, and actress, singer and artist Moira Cue, takes on Ted Cruz, space travel, and tabloid blogger Perez Hilton among more, in Episode #2 of the ongoing comedic webisode called “Hollyweird!” Produced and written by Hollywood Sentinel publisher and Starpower Management founder Bruce Edwin, Hollyweird! Episode #1 starred Lindsay Lohan father Michael Lohan, in which he saw an image of Jesus on his toast. Moira Cue then proceeds to take a bite out of the iconic manifestation.
Episode #2 of the comedy returns with its wild, zany, slapstick humor, starring sexy Phoebe Price–known for her wild, racy outfits and daring poses, and with Moira Cue, recognized for her cutting edge art and music, whose paintings are in the collection of numerous stars. Produced by Bruce Edwin, also publisher of the music magazine ‘subnormal,’ states of the series, “Hollyweird’ is a partly scripted and part real life story about the crazy life behind the scenes, living and working in Hollywood. It also fearlessly makes fun of everyone who takes themselves too seriously, including myself!”
Directed by Award Winning cinematographer and director Jessica Gallant, whose work has been praised by ‘Variety,’ Make Up artist Kim Williamson also brought her artistic flair to the stars appearances. Filmed on location at a secret spot in Beverly Hills, California, numerous fans quickly gathered around the celebrities during shooting, yet politely did not try to intrude.
Once, accidentally left off of a guest list for an event, Phoebe Price famously and comically referred to the publicist of the event as one of those little P.R #@#@#@#, in her timeless Southern accent. Hollyweird! #2 starring Pheobe Price and Moria Cue comedically plays on that notorious line, going after all paparazzi in a playful, funny way. Hollyweird #2 also tackles the Pope, Ted Cruz, and other current political events among more.
Watch Hollyweird! Episide #1, here:
For press and interview requests of Phoebe Price, Moira Cue, and other cast and filmmakers, contact the publicity department at 310-226-7176. Hollywood Sentinel Public Relations
This content is copyright, 2016, The Hollywood Sentinel, all world rights reserved.
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Indo-European.eu
Languages, Cultures & Peoples
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III. A Storm of Words: vetera verba, priscae linguae
IV. A Feat of Crowds: hic sunt leones, hic sunt dracones
V. A Dance with Old Tongues: valar morghulis, valar dohaeris
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Analysis of R1b-DF27 haplogroups in modern populations adds new information that contrasts with ‘steppe admixture’ results
Carlos Quiles Basque, Demic diffusion, Genetics, History, Indo-European, Indo-European languages, Proto-Indo-European August 5, 2017 August 20, 2017
New open access article published in Scientific Reports, Analysis of the R1b-DF27 haplogroup shows that a large fraction of Iberian Y-chromosome lineages originated recently in situ, by Solé-Morata et al. (2017).
Haplogroup R1b-M269 comprises most Western European Y chromosomes; of its main branches, R1b-DF27 is by far the least known, and it appears to be highly prevalent only in Iberia. We have genotyped 1072 R1b-DF27 chromosomes for six additional SNPs and 17 Y-STRs in population samples from Spain, Portugal and France in order to further characterize this lineage and, in particular, to ascertain the time and place where it originated, as well as its subsequent dynamics. We found that R1b-DF27 is present in frequencies ~40% in Iberian populations and up to 70% in Basques, but it drops quickly to 6–20% in France. Overall, the age of R1b-DF27 is estimated at ~4,200 years ago, at the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, when the Y chromosome landscape of W Europe was thoroughly remodeled. In spite of its high frequency in Basques, Y-STR internal diversity of R1b-DF27 is lower there, and results in more recent age estimates; NE Iberia is the most likely place of origin of DF27. Subhaplogroup frequencies within R1b-DF27 are geographically structured, and show domains that are reminiscent of the pre-Roman Celtic/Iberian division, or of the medieval Christian kingdoms.
Some people like to say that Y-DNA haplogroup analysis, or phylogeography in general, is of no use anymore (especially modern phylogeography), and they are content to see how ‘steppe admixture’ was (or even is) distributed in Europe to draw conclusions about ancient languages and their expansion. With each new paper, we are seeing the advantages of analysing ancient and modern haplogroups in ascertaining population movements.
Quite recently there was a suggestion based on steppe admixture that Basque-speaking Iberians resisted the invasion from the steppe. Observing the results of this article (dates of expansion and demographic data) we see a clear expansion of Y-DNA haplogroups precisely by the time of Bell Beaker expansion from the east. Y-DNA haplogroups of ancient samples from Portugal point exactly to the same conclusion.
The situation of R1b-DF27 in Basques, as I have pointed out elsewhere, is probably then similar to the genetic drift of Finns, mainly of N1c lineages, speaking today a Uralic language that expaned with Corded Ware and R1a subclades.
The recent article on Mycenaean and Minoan genetics also showed that, when it comes to Europe, most of the demographic patterns we see in admixture are reminiscent of the previous situation, only rarely can we see a clear change in admixture (which would mean an important, sudden replacement of the previous population).
Equating the so-called steppe admixture with Indo-European languages is wrong. Period.
The following are excerpts from the article (emphasis is mine):
Dates and expansions
The average STR variance of DF27 and each subhaplogroup is presented in Suppl. Table 2. As expected, internal diversity was higher in the deeper, older branches of the phylogeny. If the same diversity was divided by population, the most salient finding is that native Basques (Table 2) have a lower diversity than other populations, which contrasts with the fact that DF27 is notably more frequent in Basques than elsewhere in Iberia (Suppl. Table 1). Diversity can also be measured as pairwise differences distributions (Fig. 5). The distribution of mean pairwise differences within Z195 sits practically on top of that of DF27; L176.2 and Z220 have similar distributions, as M167 and Z278 have as well; finally, M153 shows the lowest pairwise distribution values. This pattern is likely to reflect the respective ages of the haplogroups, which we have estimated by a modified, weighted version of the ρ statistic (see Methods).
Z195 seems to have appeared almost simultaneously within DF27, since its estimated age is actually older (4570 ± 140 ya). Of the two branches stemming from Z195, L176.2 seems to be slightly younger than Z220 (2960 ± 230 ya vs. 3320 ± 200 ya), although the confidence intervals slightly overlap. M167 is clearly younger, at 2600 ± 250 ya, a similar age to that of Z278 (2740 ± 270 ya). Finally, M153 is estimated to have appeared just 1930 ± 470 ya.
Haplogroup ages can also be estimated within each population, although they should be interpreted with caution (see Discussion). For the whole of DF27, (Table 3), the highest estimate was in Aragon (4530 ± 700 ya), and the lowest in France (3430 ± 520 ya); it was 3930 ± 310 ya in Basques. Z195 was apparently oldest in Catalonia (4580 ± 240 ya), and with France (3450 ± 269 ya) and the Basques (3260 ± 198 ya) having lower estimates. On the contrary, in the Z220 branch, the oldest estimates appear in North-Central Spain (3720 ± 313 ya for Z220, 3420 ± 349 ya for Z278). The Basques always produce lower estimates, even for M153, which is almost absent elsewhere.
Simplified phylogenetic tree of the R1b-M269 haplogroup. SNPs in italics were not analyzed in this manuscript.
The median value for Tstart has been estimated at 103 generations (Table 4), with a 95% highest probability density (HPD) range of 50–287 generations; effective population size increased from 131 (95% HPD: 100–370) to 72,811 (95% HPD: 52,522–95,334). Considering patrilineal generation times of 30–35 years, our results indicate that R1b-DF27 started its expansion ~3,000–3,500 ya, shortly after its TMRCA.
As a reference, we applied the same analysis to the whole of R1b-S116, as well as to other common haplogroups such as G2a, I2, and J2a. Interestingly, all four haplogroups showed clear evidence of an expansion (p > 0.99 in all cases), all of them starting at the same time, ~50 generations ago (Table 4), and with similar estimated initial and final populations. Thus, these four haplogroups point to a common population expansion, even though I2 (TMRCA, weighted ρ, 7,800 ya) and J2a (TMRCA, 5,500 ya) are older than R1b-DF27. It is worth noting that the expansion of these haplogroups happened after the TMRCA of R1b-DF27.
Principal component analysis of STR haplotypes. (a) Colored by subhaplogroup, (b) colored by population. Larger squares represent subhaplogroup or population centroids.
Sum up and discussion
We have characterized the geographical distribution and phylogenetic structure of haplogroup R1b-DF27 in W. Europe, particularly in Iberia, where it reaches its highest frequencies (40–70%). The age of this haplogroup appears clear: with independent samples (our samples vs. the 1000 genome project dataset) and independent methods (variation in 15 STRs vs. whole Y-chromosome sequences), the age of R1b-DF27 is firmly grounded around 4000–4500 ya, which coincides with the population upheaval in W. Europe at the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. Before this period, R1b-M269 was rare in the ancient DNA record, and during it the current frequencies were rapidly reached. It is also one of the haplogroups (along with its daughter clades, R1b-U106 and R1b-S116) with a sequence structure that shows signs of a population explosion or burst. STR diversity in our dataset is much more compatible with population growth than with stationarity, as shown by the ABC results, but, contrary to other haplogroups such as the whole of R1b-S116, G2a, I2 or J2a, the start of this growth is closer to the TMRCA of the haplogroup. Although the median time for the start of the expansion is older in R1b-DF27 than in other haplogroups, and could suggest the action of a different demographic process, all HPD intervals broadly overlap, and thus, a common demographic history may have affected the whole of the Y chromosome diversity in Iberia. The HPD intervals encompass a broad timeframe, and could reflect the post-Neolithic population expansions from the Bronze Age to the Roman Empire.
While when R1b-DF27 appeared seems clear, where it originated may be more difficult to pinpoint. If we extrapolated directly from haplogroup frequencies, then R1b-DF27 would have originated in the Basque Country; however, for R1b-DF27 and most of its subhaplogroups, internal diversity measures and age estimates are lower in Basques than in any other population. Then, the high frequencies of R1b-DF27 among Basques could be better explained by drift rather than by a local origin (except for the case of M153; see below), which could also have decreased the internal diversity of R1b-DF27 among Basques. An origin of R1b-DF27 outside the Iberian Peninsula could also be contemplated, and could mirror the external origin of R1b-M269, even if it reaches there its highest frequencies. However, the search for an external origin would be limited to France and Great Britain; R1b-DF27 seems to be rare or absent elsewhere: Y-STR data are available only for France, and point to a lower diversity and more recent ages than in Iberia (Table 3). Unlike in Basques, drift in a traditionally closed population seems an unlikely explanation for this pattern, and therefore, it does not seem probable that R1b-DF27 originated in France. Then, a local origin in Iberia seems the most plausible hypothesis. Within Iberia, Aragon shows the highest diversity and age estimates for R1b-DF27, Z195, and the L176.2 branch, although, given the small sample size, any conclusion should be taken cautiously. On the contrary, Z220 and Z278 are estimated to be older in North Central Spain (N Castile, Cantabria and Asturias). Finally, M153 is almost restricted to the Basque Country: it is rarely present at frequencies >1% elsewhere in Spain (although see the cases of Alacant, Andalusia and Madrid, Suppl. Table 1), and it was found at higher frequencies (10–17%) in several Basque regions; a local origin seems plausible, but, given the scarcity of M153 chromosomes outside of the Basque Country, the diversity and age values cannot be compared.
Within its range, R1b-DF27 shows same geographical differentiation: Western Iberia (particularly, Asturias and Portugal), with low frequencies of R1b-Z195 derived chromosomes and relatively high values of R1b-DF27* (xZ195); North Central Spain is characterized by relatively high frequencies of the Z220 branch compared to the L176.2 branch; the latter is more abundant in Eastern Iberia. Taken together, these observations seem to match the East-West patterning that has occurred at least twice in the history of Iberia: i) in pre-Roman times, with Celtic-speaking peoples occupying the center and west of the Iberian Peninsula, while the non-Indoeuropean eponymous Iberians settled the Mediterranean coast and hinterland; and ii) in the Middle Ages, when Christian kingdoms in the North expanded gradually southwards and occupied territories held by Muslim fiefs.
Contour maps of the derived allele frequencies of the SNPs analyzed in this manuscript. Population abbreviations as in Table 1. Maps were drawn with SURFER v. 12 (Golden Software, Golden CO, USA).
I wouldn’t trust the absence of R1b-DF27 outside France as a proof that its origin must be in Western Europe – especially since we have ancient DNA, and that assertion might prove quite wrong – but aside from that the article seems solid in its analysis of modern populations.
Something is very wrong with models based on the so-called ‘steppe admixture’ – and archaeologists are catching up
How to do modern phylogeography: Relationships between clans and genetic kin explain cultural similarities over vast distances
Heyd, Mallory, and Prescott were right about Bell Beakers
Text and figures from the article, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
proto-basque
R1b-df27
Published by Carlos Quiles
View all posts by Carlos Quiles
Published August 5, 2017 August 20, 2017
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17 thoughts on “Analysis of R1b-DF27 haplogroups in modern populations adds new information that contrasts with ‘steppe admixture’ results”
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Mars Crater says:
Carlos… if Z195 is almost as old as DF* and DF* is so much more common in Portugal Galiza doesn’t that contradict a East-West flow? Does it not postulate that DF was actually first established in Western Iberia? – Its confusing.
Carlos Quiles says:
1) this is a study based on modern haplogroups, so results have to be always taken with a grain of salt.
Nevertheless:̣
2) We now know (or are quite sure) that R1b-L23 subclades came from eastern Europe, probably accompanying the expansion of steppe ancestry. See Yamna migration
3) Also, from the article:
Z195 was apparently oldest in Catalonia (4580 ± 240 ya)
Within Iberia, Aragon shows the highest diversity and age estimates for R1b-DF27, Z195, and the L176.2 branch, although, given the small sample size, any conclusion should be taken cautiously.
I would take any differing pattern in haplogroups and admixture in ‘Portugal Galiza’, as you put it, as a sign of their relative later isolation from eastern influences, which can justify the maintenance of the Pre-Celtic Lusitanian (or Galaico-Lusitanian) language there in proto-historic times, although this is speculation, of course, until we have a proper atlas. See Bell Beaker expansion.
Speaking of proper atlases, a similar case can be found in the recent studies on Irish genetic clusters, in the (more isolated) western regions: Irish genetic clusters
Sure, But still strikes odd that highest percentage of M269 (xP312) is in portugal as per supplement 1. what migration pattern would leave them with that?
Wonder what were the clades prior to P312 but after M269 that those individuals had. Mainly L51…
Pingback: Iberian prehistoric migrations from Neolithic to Bronze Age: first sign of incoming R1b-DF27 lineages – Indo-European.eu
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John A. says:
Hi I’m of NW European descent and my haplogroup, to my best knowledge, is R1b-Z278(sorry, edited, that was the most recent). I’m an amateur in this but can find almost nothing on these groupings. If you could ever talk more that would be wonderful. Im completely confused finding this out and knowing my ancestry. According to Ancestry Im 77% English or generally NW European, 15% Scot-Irish, 8% Germanic. Then with FTDNA it was like 50% North Central Europe, 30% Scandinavian, 10 British Isles and 10 Southern Europe. So confusing.
World Prehistory Atlas
Ancient Y-DNA
Modern Y-DNA
R1b-rich Proto-Indo-Europeans
Corded Ware ancestry = Uralic
Yamna spread horse domesticates
Battle Axe = Finno-Samic
Yamna Hungary + EEF = BBC
Finno-Permic expansion
"Steppe ancestry" step by step
Magyar chiefs of R1a, I2a lineages
About Scepters, Horses, and War
The Greece Neolithic outlier
The origin of R1b-L51
"Siberian ancestry"
Vasconic R1b = Indo-European R1a
The origin of R1a-Z645
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Suz Bath, History, Latest News, Visit NC 0 comments
If you like a spot of spooky sightseeing, then let us entice you with one of our oldest and most notorious mysteries – the “eternal devil’s horse’s hoof prints”. This eerie earthly affliction has been present for over 200 years, and is only 3 miles west of Bath.
Deeply set into the soft soil of a now forested area, all attempts to fill the hoof prints have failed. They stubbornly remain as a demonic reminder of a doomed soul who lost a bet with the devil. Nothing will thrive within any of the 5 prints that measure 6 to 10 inches wide and 5 inches deep. School children have tried leaving things inside the depressions, and every time the items vanish by the time the foolish trickster returns. Visitors to the site have apparently reported the same, spooky occurrence.
The Story of the Devil’s Horse’s Hoof Prints
Accounts vary, but the story goes that the ill fated Jesse Elliot and a few friends were racing their horses along Bath’s main street one Sunday Morning. A darkly clothed stranger had appeared earlier that morning to challenge Jesse. His perceptive, faithful dog had growled in warning at this malevolent presence, but to no avail because Jesse was set on his course of action – he loved to race.
One version of events states that Jesse was heard to shout at his horse “Take me in a winner or take to me to hell”. To which the horse immediately dug its hooves deep into the ground throwing Elliot over the reins, where he slammed into a tree, broke his neck and mercifully died instantly.
Another version explains that although Jesse was winning the race, when he reached a sharp bend in the road his horse looked back and was spooked by what it saw. This is why it hastily halted and threw its rider to his peril.
Legend has it the horse could have been the devil in disguise or perhaps his mysterious rider was the descendant of fire and brimstone. Either way, the hoof prints remain and the saucer shaped depressions can still be seen today. The Fifth ominous mark is meant to be where the devil stooped to claim Jesse’s soul as his prize, then returned with him to hell.
Scientists have tried to explain the depressions as perhaps caused by salt veins or vents for a subterranean water pocket. But the hundreds, possibly thousands of people who have seen the hoof prints themselves attest that the legend seems to ring true. Whether or not you like to indulge in nefarious excursions to spooky places, when you stay at the Inn on Bath Creek this fall – we promise you a little slice of heaven in which to rest your weary soul. To book, call us 252-923-9571 or click here to request a booking online.
Suz History, Latest News, Visit NC 0 comments
Our little town Bath is a site of great historical importance. Founded around 1690, it was North Carolina’s very first town and port. It’s seen its fair share of colorful events from piracy and Indian wars to political rivalries. There’s plenty to see and do as our recent blog details here. The legend of our most notorious resident Blackbeard appeals to many who visit, but today we would like to draw your attention to 4 other must-see historical sites in North Carolina.
USS North Carolina Battleship memorial in Wilmington – Lead ship of the North Carolina class of fast battleships and the first vessel of this type, this important memorial celebrates the lives of all those who served aboard her during WW2. As you tour all 9 levels of this massive ship, you can put yourself in the shoes of those brave men as you imagine steering the ship or firing one of the guns. She is permanently docked across from downtown Wilmington on Cape Fear river.
Wright Brothers Memorial, Kill Devil Hills – The Wright brothers are famous for the first ever successful powered airplane flight. It happened on December 17th, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, after years of preparation and attempts. The memorial celebrates their persistence and ingenuity and you can see first hand where they took off and landed as well as seeing a sculpture of the plane and reconstructions of the original buildings. If you want to know more of the history of these great brothers accomplishments why not check out our blog Wright brothers dreams take flight.
The International Civil Rights Center and Museum, Greensboro – A thriving archival center and teaching facility and museum, this site celebrates the non violent protests of the “Greensboro Four” that took place on February 1, 1960. These sit ins set about changes to the civil rights movement that year. There are 14 interactive exhibits to explore including photos, artefacts such as the original stools and lunch counter and video re-enactments.
Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, New Bern – Although Bath was the capital of North Carolina at the start of the settlement, from the late 1700’s it lost its importance and trade. Between 1767 and 1770 a new permanent capitol was in construction – Tryon Palace which was built for Governor Tryon. It was reconstructed in the 1950’s and remains an extravagant historical site. You can really get into the spirit of the times with interactive experiences such as costumed interpreters and interactive exhibits in the history center. There are also more than 16 acres of 18th century style gardens to wander around. It makes for a splendid day out for all.
If you are looking for a vacation with plenty of historical interest, we know that Bath Creek will keep you entertained. We are also a great base for exploring these other well known sites, plus we can highly recommend many many more when you come to stay. Bookings can be made here, or call us on 252-923-9571.
North Carolina – Home Sweet Home
At the Inn on Bath Creek, our home is yours during your stay here in North Carolina. But did you know that our friendly state is also the home of some of the best known sweet treats out there? We really mean it when we say “Home sweet home!”
Founded in New Bern NC, in 1896 by Caleb Bradham, Pepsi was originally launched as “Brad’s Drink.” Bradham used to manufacture the drink in his drug store. It was said to help in digestion, and was popular for its taste. It was first renamed to Pepsi-Cola in 1898. The name was based on the Greek word for digestion, pronounced ‘Pepsi’, and ‘Cola’ from the kola nut.
A soda fountain enabled consumers in the small town to gather in a social manner. But by 1902, his product proved so popular that demand lead to more branches opening across the states such as Virginia and New York. Today you can still visit the original site and sample some soda from a fountain yourself!
The first Krispy Kreme store opened in Winston-Salem July 13th, 1937. That’s 82 years ago! When you consider that it started during the great depression period, their success is amazing!
Creator Vernon Rudolph bought the recipe and initially sold his produce to local grocery stores. He ended up cutting a hole in his wall and started selling hot donuts directly to customers who were enticed by the delicious smells.
Fast forward to today, and Krispy Kreme has stores all over the world. Another fun fact about this company is that they sponsor a fun run each February in nearby Raleigh NC. The challenge? Eat 12 donuts whilst running 5 miles in an hour! All proceeds go to the local children’s hospital.
Cheerwine
Cheerwine is a soft drink popular in the southern states. In California, this ‘nectar of the tar-heels’ is a soda flavored by wild cherries. Created in Salisbury NC, by L.D Peeler in 1917, during the sugar shortage of WW1. The company has shown great resilience and continues to be run by the same family who are proud of it’s tasty produce. As they should be with two presidents having remarked of their like for it!
More recently, Cheerwine flavored ice cream was created and in 2010 a collaboration with Krispy Kreme led to the Cheerwine donut. After 100 years it’s still refreshing, why not stock up when you next visit? Maybe even for the next Cheerwine festival celebration.
Come And Visit Our Home Sweet Home!
North Carolina has so much to offer, it’s a treat for the traveller and anybody with a sweet tooth. Ready to book your stay? Call us on 252-923-9571 today.
Where’s the Rum? North Carolina, That’s Where!
Suz History, Latest News 0 comments
North Carolina has a long and exciting history splashed with liquor. It goes back further than the bootlegging moonshine days and even further than wicked old Blackbeard the pirate. Distilling is believed to have started in the 18th Century by Moravian settlers in Winston-Salem, on the site of what is now Old Salem.
Moving forward to more modern times, we have seen a glorious surge in craft beer and craft liquor distilling. In NC we have several high quality microdistilleries and larger ones too. They pour labors of love into their creations be it small batch gin, rum, whiskey, vodka or moonshine (only this time legally).
NC Rum & Beer Distilleries
It can make a fascinating part of your vacation to visit one of these distilleries. See the magic first hand and get to taste some of the varieties. If you’ve not tried moonshine before, NC is the place to do it! Explore the history of bootlegging and learn more about distilling on the Distill Tripping tour. The NC Beer Guys also offer up an overview of NC distilleries.
If beer is your thing then we also have many fantastic local breweries. This list of 10 North Carolina breweries should help provide some inspiration! (Be sure to to travel safe and designate a driver)
You may wonder what links the distilling of beer and liquor. Here in NC, we make both to a renowned standard. Although they taste so different, they both start with the same fermentable material. For beer it’s typically barley, for moonshine it’s corn. Liquor can be made with virtually anything, from fruit to potatoes. The processes are very similar, so if you know how to make good beer, you know how to start making liquor. Often the drink favoured by the company founder decides what they distill.
From Grain To Glass
People like to know where a products ingredients come from, hence the recent ‘farm to fork’ movement. Now, we have the ‘grain to glass’ movement; both are driven by the need for quality produce made from locally grown ingredients. Now that’s something to raise a glass to!
Here in Bath, since 2012 we have our very own rum experts Scotts Point Distillery. Our maritime roots certainly help flavour their passion for “Pamlico rum”. It’s smooth and light coloured, aged in oak barrels and made with quality US grown produce. We highly recommend you pick up some of their delicious booty to take back home with you after your stay in Bath.
To book your 2019 stay, call us on 252-923-9571 or click here to request a booking online. Then it’s just a matter of counting down the days until you are sat on our porch looking out toward the water with a glass of local liquor in hand.
Wright Brothers Dreams Take Flight
North Carolina is the home of so much rich and fascinating history. It’s also the place where dreams can come true. There’s little better proof of this than the Wright Brothers record breaking first powered flight that took place at Kitty Hawk on the Outer banks on the 17th December 1903. That’s an amazing 115 years ago!
Did you know that Neil Armstrong carried a piece of the original 1903 Wright Brothers plane to the moon with him?
These brilliant brothers from Dayton, Ohio ran a bicycle shop. The story begins with an interest in kites that developed into an interest in gliders. In 1899 Wilbur Wright started to learn about flight, prompting the duo to start making gliders.
After some research Kitty Hawk, North Carolina was chosen as a suitable location to test their glider. Postmaster Bill Tate had advised them of it’s constant wind, privacy and soft sand for landings. He also mentioned our North Carolinian trait of being friendly and happy to lend a hand.
The brothers shared their time between Dayton and Kitty Hawk. By the end of 1902 Wilbur and Orville had over 700 successful flights achieved, some exceeding 600 feet.
Next their attention turned to powered flight, for this, they knew they needed three things. Wings to keep the plane in flight and a control system to steer it, were two of them, which they had already tested on their gliders. The final thing was a light but powerful engine with propellers. Unfortunately, nothing suitable currently existed, so back in Dayton that winter they set about designing and building their own.
A Christmas Gift…
When they returned late in 1903, they faced many challenges but never gave up. Then, on that cold December day just as they were considering going home for Christmas – success!
Their first successful flight took place early in the morning lasting 12 seconds and travelling 120 feet.
An hour later 200 feet was the record.
At noon the famous 852 foot flight, lasting 59 seconds happened.
Shortly after this a gust of wind flipped the machine and it was damaged beyond repair. Luckily, nobody was hurt.
This tale highlights why the Wright brothers are renowned for their perseverance, curiosity and ingenuity. They were self taught engineers who succeeded in their dream to fly a powered heavier- than- air machine in a sustained flight. They helped changed the world that day.
Not content with their achievements and despite their celebrity status, the brothers returned to Dayton and got back to work, improving their plane and making several longer flights.
When they returned to Kitty Hawk 5 years later they set records again with their first two person flights. All thanks to the power of determination, teamwork and innovation.
Today, you can visit the “Flight Line” which is the very spot where the intrepid brothers took that momentous flight and you can see where they landed too.
You can also visit the national commemorative monument which is located in Kill Devil Hills. Click here to plan your trip. It’s a great day out for anyone in the area.
We look forward to your flying visit to our friendly state and hope that we can help your dreams come true too! Call today to book your stay 252-923-9571 or click here to book your stay!
The Mystery Of The Croatoan
Suz Bath, History, Latest News, Travel 0 comments
Given the ghostly time of year – with all hallows eve approaching we thought the local spooky tale of the Croatoan “lost colony” would get you in the “spirit”.
This true story is a mystery from our North Carolinian history dating back to 1587 – it begins with the word CROATOAN carved into a tree and the disappearance of 115 people. It’s even been noticed by American Horror Story who seem to be including it in their sixth series.
Croatoan Mystery
In 1587 Hatteras island was known as Croatoan Island, its native tribe the Croatans. It’s about 80 km southeast of Roanoke, which is where the second attempt at establishing an English colony on American soil was located. At some point between late 1587 and August 1590 the entire population of 90 men, 17 women and 11 children vanished. Leaving only the word CROATOAN carved into a tree and ominously the letters CRO scratched into another. The mystery still remains unsolved.
The colony had met hostility from the Secotans tribe and their supplies were running low. Leader John White sailed back to England for help. He left behind his daughter and newborn granddaughter, whom he would never see again. When he left he had no idea he would be delayed in his return by almost 3 years due funds and the war with the Spanish. Or, that he would become the only known survivor of the “lost colony”.
He landed back at Roanoke on his granddaughters birthday but found nothing – other than the dismantled buildings and that message on the tree. There were no animals or belongings nor any bodies or evidence of battle or massacre.
He returned to England without investigating the Croatoan tribe – there is no given explanation for why.
Is it possible that the colony travelled and absorbed into the Croatan tribe? Archeological remains found from that area and from a site 80 km northwest and inland of Roanoke are being studied to try to answer that question.
Did they meet tragic ends? Gruesome suggestions range from cannibalism, disease, massacre and a failed attempt to sail back to England.
The Mystery Deepens
Here’s where it gets more eerie…
The Croatans were said to believe in a malevolent spirit from their land who could change people into animals – or trees!
And in these more recent mysteries, where the word CROATOAN appears – people disappear.
Aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart scribbled it in her journal before her disappearance.
Horror Author Ambrose Bierce had the word carved into his bed before he disappeared.
Poet Edgar Allan Poe uttered it on his deathbed in a delirious state.
Stagecoach robber Black Bart prisons cell wall was found to have the word scratched into it – he wasn’t seen again after his release.
An abandoned ship, ran aground at Cape Hatteras (close to what was Croatoan Island) in 1912, on the last page of it’s logbook – the word CROATOAN.
Is that spirit leading people to their doom, is it a strange coincidence, some secret society or long standing hoax? Could it just be a fascinating story that intrigued these people and drove them to isolation?
Will we ever know? So far, all attempts by historians, explorers and archeologists have fallen short.
You may lose yourself here, you could find yourself here. We’re sure you will never want to leave mwah hahahahahaha.
NASCAR and Moonshine – North Carolina’s Fascinating History
In this neck of the woods, our history is rich and sometimes surprising. PLUS, it’s not all pirates! North Carolina is famous for NASCAR – it’s part of our heritage. But not everyone knows the story of its origins. Bizarrely, the sport only came to be because of prohibition, specifically it’s alcohol restrictions. Which in turn gave birth to the western North Carolina moonshining culture.
Moonshining
Moon shine is so called because the bootleggers booze was made by the light of the moon. This was in hopes of the darkness hiding the smoke from the process. But the risk wasn’t just in the distilling process/making of the moonshine. Distribution was risky too. Times were hard and struggling farmers and the like relied upon whiskey sales to make some extra money. It was highly illegal and the possibility of being caught was very real. The bounty was transported via “runners” in their cars and speed, skill and a dash of recklessness were needed. The cars needed to look normal or “stock” so as not to draw any attention. But they also needed to
Carry a lot of the booze without it getting bumped about and potentially spilt.
Be able to outrun police and tax officials who were hunting them down.
Drivers and mechanics modified the cars to fit their purpose. Suspension got altered to cope with the bumpy roads and prevent the liquor getting spilt. Internal modifications helped with carrying as much liquor as possible. Power upgrades were essential, when Ford’s V-8 became available it was a hit with the moonshine racket, being a powerful and easily upgraded engine. Something that Teetotal Henry Ford must not have expected! Drivers were on the front line, survival and evading capture were excellent motivators. They had to know every back road and trail both at day and night – even without the lights on! Highly skilled and fearless, they learned to make high speed hairpin turns and control skids. Perfecting techniques like the “bootleg turn” and more. Some even developed sneaky tricks to evade capture such as smoke screens, oil slicks and dumping tacks to puncture tires.
The NASCAR Competition Begins
Drivers began competing with one another in order to show off and to stay on top form. Driving became a part of who they are, pushing their abilities, tuning their cars to gain any power and speed advantages they could. As such even after prohibition ended they continued to organise races and appear at fairs where they could charge thousands of people who wanted to watch the spectacle. The modern NASCAR we all love was formed in 1947 when a meeting took place to create its rules and regulations. In time sponsors were found and the background of this racing institution was moved away from and ultimately forgotten – in favour of becoming family entertainment. If motorsport sets your heart racing, then you may wish to travel to the Hall of Fame in Uptown Charlotte during your stay. There’s also many moonshine historical sights hidden away. Alternatively, you could relax on our porch with some local firewater and a good book on the fascinating story and just drink in the flavour of North Carolina. Book your stay by calling us on 252-923-9571, or click here to request a room online.
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Q. 1: How many test cases are required to cover 100% switch coverage respectively from X2?
Exhibit:
Q. 2: From a Testing perspective, what are the MAIN purposes of Configuration Management?
i) Identifying the version of software under test.
ii) Controlling the version of testware items.
iii) Developing new testware items.
iv) Tracking changes to testware are items.
v) Analysing the need for new testware items.
A. ii, iv and v.
B. ii, iii and iv,
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D. i, iii and v.
Q. 3: Which of the following is a MAJOR task of test planning?
A. Scheduling test analysis and design tasks.
B. Initiating corrective actions.
C. Monitoring progress and test coverage.
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Q. 4: Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 8291998), which of the following sections are part of the test summary report?
a) Summary
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d) Risks and contingencies
e) Variances
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C. a, b and f
D. a, d and e
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D. Poor software functionality
Q. 6: Who typically use static analysis tools?
A. Customers and users
B. Developers and designers
C. Business and systems analysts
D. System and acceptance testers
Q. 7: Who would USUALLY perform debugging activities?
A. Developers.
B. Analysts.
C. Testers.
D. Incident Managers.
Q. 8: Which of the following would you NOT usually find on a software incident report?
A. The name and / or organisational position of the person raising the problem.
B. Version of the Software Under Test.
C. Suggestions as to how to fix the problem.
D. Actual and expected results.
Q. 9: Which of the following defines the expected results of a test?
A. Test case specification.
B. Test design specification.
C. Test procedure specification.
D. Test results.
Q. 10: Some tools are geared more for developer use. For the 5 tools listed, which statement BEST details those for developers
i) Performance testing tools.
ii) Coverage measurement tools.
iii) Test comparators.
iv) Dynamic analysis tools.
v) Incident management tools.
A. i, iii. and iv. are more for developers.
B. ii. and iv. are more for developers.
C. ii, iii and iv. are more for developers.
D. ii. and iii. are more for developers.
Q. 11: Which of the following is correct?
A. Impact analysis assesses the effect on the system of a defect found in regression testing.
B. Impact analysis assesses the effect of a new person joining the regression test team.
C. Impact analysis assesses whether or not a defect found in regression testing has been fixed correctly.
D. Impact analysis assesses the effect of a change to the system to determine how much regression testing to do.
Q. 12: In software testing what is the main purpose of exit criteria?
A. To enhance the security of the system
B. To prevent the endless loops in code.
C. To swerve as an alternative or “Plan-B”
D. To define when to stop testing
Q. 13: Given the following state transition diagram Which of the following series of state transitions contains an INVALID transition which may indicate a fault in the system design?
A. Login Browse Basket Checkout Basket Checkout Pay Logout.
B. Login Browse Basket Checkout Pay Logout.
C. Login Browse Basket Checkout Basket Logout.
D. Login Browse Basket Browse Basket Checkout Pay Logout.
Q. 14: Which of the following is a KEY test closure task?
A. Ensuring proper environment setup
B. Writing a test summary report
C. Assessing the need for additional tests
D. Finalizing and archiving testware.
Q. 15: What is beta testing?
A. Testing performed by potential customers at the developers location.
B. Testing performed by potential customers at their own locations.
C. Testing performed by product developers at the customer’s location.
D. Testing performed by product developers at their own locations.
Q. 16: Given the following fragment of code, how many tests are required for 100% decision coverage?
if width > length
biggest_dimension = width
if height > width
biggest_dimension = height
end_if
biggest_dimension = length
if height > length
Q. 17: You have designed test cases to provide 100% statement and 100% decision coverage for the following fragment of code.
The following has been added to the bottom of the code fragment above.
print “Biggest dimension is ” & biggest_dimension
print “Width: ” & width
print “Length: ” & length
How many more test cases are required?
A. One more test case will be required for 100 % decision coverage.
B. Two more test cases will be required for 100 % statement coverage, one of which will be used to provide 100% decision coverage.
C. None, existing test cases can be used.
D. One more test case will be required for 100″ statement coverage.
Q. 18: Which defects are OFTEN much cheaper to remove?
A. Usability defects found by customers
B. Defects in infrequently used functionality
C. Defects that were detected early
D. Minor defects that were found by users
Q. 19: Which activity in the fundamental test process creates test suites for efficient test execution?
A. Implementation and execution.
B. Planning and control.
C. Analysis and design.
D. Test closure.
Q. 20: Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Confirmation testing is testing fixes to a set of defects and Regression testing is testing to establish whether any defects have been introduced as a result of changes.
B. Confirmation testing is testing to establish whether any defects have been introduced as a result of changes and Regression testing is testing fixes to a set of defects.
C. Confirmation testing and Regression testing are both testing to establish whether any defects have been introduced as a result of changes.
D. Confirmation testing and Regression testing are both testing fixes to a set of defects.
Q. 21: Given the following decision table: Which of the following test cases and expected results is VALID?
<21 yrs
30-50yrs
> 50yrs
B. C or D
C or D
A. 23 year old in insurance class A Premium is 90 and excess is 2,500.
B. 51 year old in insurance class C Premium is 70 and excess is 500.
C. 31 year old in insurance class B Premium is 90 and excess is 2,500.
D. 43 year old in insurance class C Premium is 70 and excess is 1,000.
Q. 22: When should configuration management procedures be implemented?
A. During test planning.
B. During test analysis.
C. During test execution.
D. When evaluating exit criteria
Q. 23: Which of the following are characteristic of regression testing ?
i) Regression testing is run ONLY once
ii) Regression testing is used after fixes have been made
iii) Regression testing is often automated
iv) Regression tests need not be maintained
A. ii, iv.
B. ii, iii.
C. i, iii, iv.
D. iii.
Q. 24: Which of the problems below BEST characterize a result of software failure?
A. Damaged reputation
B. Lack of methodology
C. Inadequate training
D. Regulatory compliance
Q. 25: Which of the following activities should be performed during the selection and implementation of a testing tool?
i) Investigate the organisation’s test process.
ii) Conduct a proof of concept.
iii) Implement the selected tool on a project behind schedule to save time.
iv) Identify coaching and mentoring requirements for the use of the selected tool.
A. i, ii, iii.
B. ii, iii, iv.
D. i, ii, iv.
Q. 26: What is the MAIN benefit of designing tests early in the life cycle?
A. It is cheaper than designing tests during the test phases.
B. It helps prevent defects from being introduced into the code.
C. Tests designed early are more effective than tests designed later.
D. It saves time during the testing phases when testers are busy.
Q. 27: Which of the following benefits are MOST likely to be achieved by using test tools?
i) Easy to access information about tests and testing.
ii) Reduced maintenance of testware.
iii) Easy and cheap to implement.
iv) Greater consistency of tests.
A. ii and iv
B. ii and iii
C. i and iv
D. i and iii
Q. 28: Which of the following can be considered as success factors when deploying a new tool in an organization?
A. Providing coaching to users and defining usage guidelines
B. Monitoring tool usage and reducing the need for risk analysis
C. Improving processes and focusing more on component testing
D. Assessing testing completion and minimizing code reviews
Q. 29: What is the purpose of exit criteria?
A. To define when a test level is complete.
B. To determine when a test has completed.
C. To identify when a software system should be retired.
D. To determine whether a test has passed.
Q. 30: Which test design technique relies heavily on prior thorough knowledge of the system?
A. Data driven testing technique
B. Experience-based technique
C. White-box technique
D. Structure-based technique
Q. 31: With which of the following categories is a test comparator tool USUALLY associated?
A. Tool support for performance and monitoring.
B. Tool support for static testing.
C. Tool support for test execution and logging.
D. Tool support for the management of testing and tests.
Q. 32: Which activities form part of test planning?
i) Developing test cases.
ii) Defining the overall approach to testing.
iii) Assigning resources.
iv) Building the test environment
v) Writing test conditions.
A. i, ii & iv are true, iii & v are false.
B. ii & iii are true, i, iv & v are false.
C. iv & v are true, i, ii & iii are false.
D. i, ii & iii are true iv & v are false.
Q. 33: Match the following terms and statements.
1.Decision Table Testing
2.Decision Testing
3.State Transition Testing
4.Exploratory Testing
W. Testing carried out w boxes to achieve specific test objectives, possibly to complement structured testing.
X. A test technique used which may be used to verify different system re depending on current conditions or previous history.
Y. A test technique which combines combinations of inputs that might not otherwise have been exercised during testing.
Z. A form of control flow testing based on decision outcomes.
A. 1Y, 2Z, 3X, 4W.
B. 1X ,2W, 3Z, 4Y.
C. 1Z, 2X, 3W, 4Y.
D. 1Z, 2Y, 3X, 4W.
Q. 34: Which type of test design techniques does the following statement best describe a procedure to derive test cases based on the specification of a component?
A. Black Box Techniques.
B. White Box Techniques.
C. Glass Box Techniques.
D. Experience Based Techniques.
Q. 35: For which of the following would a static analysis tool be MOST useful?
A. Supporting reviews.
B. Validating models of the software.
C. Testing code executed in a special test harness.
D. Enforcement of coding standards.
Q. 36: Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the descriptions below?
S. Process-compliant approaches
T. Heuristic approaches
U. Consultative approaches
V. Regression-averse approaches
1. Includes reuse of existing test material
2. Listens to suggestions from technology experts
3. Adheres to industry-specific standards
4. Runs test execution and evaluation concurrently
A. S4, T3, U2, V1
B. S1, T2, U3, V4
C. S2, T3, U1, V4
D. S3, T4, U2, V1
Q. 37: What principle is BEST described when test designs are written by a third party?
A. Exploratory testing
B. Independent testing
C. Integration testing
D. Interoperability testing
Q. 38: Which of the following is a benefit of test independence?
A. It does not require familiarity with the code.
B. It is cheaper than using developers to test their own code.
C. It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.
D. Testers are better at finding defects than developers.
Q. 39: The above diagram represents the following paths through the code.
A. vwy
B. vwz
C. vxy
D. vxz
What is the MINIMUM combination of paths required to provide full statement coverage?
A. A
B. ABD
C. ABCD
D. ACD
Q. 40: Which of the following is MOST characteristic of specification based (black-box) techniques?
A. Test cases can be easily automated.
B. Test cases are independent of each other.
C. Test cases are derived systematically from models of the system .
D. Test cases are derived systematically from the delivered code.
Q. 41: Which of the following combinations correctly describes a valid approach to component testing:
i) Functional testing of the component in isolation.
ii) Structure-based testing of the code without recording incidents.
iii) Automated tests that are run until the component passes.
iv) Functional testing of the interfaces between modules.
A. i and ii.
B. I, ii and iii
C. iii.
D. ii and iv
Q. 42: Which of the following is a KEY test control task?
A. Initiating corrective actions
B. Determining the scope
C. Implementing the test policy
D. Scheduling test implementation
Q. 43: What is the name of a skeletal implementation of a software component that is used for testing?
A. Use case
B. Domain
C. Driver
D. Stub
Q. 44: Which is the best definition of complete testing:
A. You have discovered every bug in the program.
B. You have tested every statement, branch, and combination of branches in the program.
C. You have completed every test in the test plan.
D. You have reached the scheduled ship date.
Q. 45: Complete statement and branch coverage means:
A. That you have tested every statement in the program.
B. That you have tested every statement and every branch in the program.
C. That you have tested every IF statement in the program.
D. That you have tested every combination of values of IF statements in the program
Q. 46: There are several risks of managing your projects schedule with a statistical reliability model. These include (choose one or more of the following):
A. Testers spend more energy early in the product trying to find bugs than preparing to do the rest of the project’s work more efficiently
B. Managers might not realize that the testing effort is ineffective, late in the project, because they expect a low rate of bug finding, so the low rate achieved doesn’t alarm them.
C. It can increase the end-of-project pressure on testers to not find bugs, or to not report bugs.
Q. 47: Typical defects that are easier to find in reviews than in dynamic testing are:
A. Deviations from standards,
B. Requirement defects,
C. Design defects,
D. Insufficient maintainability and incorrect interface specifications.
E. All of the above.
Q. 48: Reviews, static analysis and dynamic testing have the same objective
A. Identifying defects.
B. Fixing defects.
C. A. and B
Q. 49: What techniques would be MOST appropriate if the specifications are outdated?
A. Structure-based and experienced-based techniques
B. Black-box and specification-based techniques
C. Specification-based and structure-based techniques
D. Structure-based technique and exhaustive testing
Q. 50: Measurement dysfunction is a problem because:
A. Even though the numbers you look at appear better, to achieve these numbers, people are doing other aspects of their work much less well.
B. We don’t know how to measure a variable (our measurement is dysfunctional) and so we don’t know how to interpret the result.
C. You are measuring the wrong thing and thus reaching the wrong conclusions.
Q. 51: Important consequences of the impossibility of complete testing are (Choose one or more answers):
A. We can never be certain that the program is bug free.
B. We have no definite stopping point for testing, which makes it easier for some managers to argue for very little testing.
C. We have no easy answer for what testing tasks should always be required, because every task takes time that could be spent on other high importance tasks.
Q. 52: Poor software characteristics are
A. Only Project risks
B. Only Product risks
C. Project risks and Product risks
D. Project risks or Product risks
Q. 53: System testing should investigate
A. Non-functional requirements only not Functional requirements
B. Functional requirements only not non-functional requirements
C. Non-functional requirements and Functional requirements
D. Non-functional requirements or Functional requirements
Q. 54: Contract and regulation testing is a part of
A. System testing
B. Acceptance testing
D. Smoke testing
Q. 55: Find the correct flow of the phases of a formal review
A. Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Kick off
B. Planning, Individual preparation, Kick off, Rework
C. Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Follow up
D. Planning, Individual preparation, Follow up, Kick off
Q. 56: Which is not the testing objectives
A. Finding defects
B. Gaining confidence about the level of quality and providing information
C. Preventing defects.
D. Debugging defects
Q. 57: Which of the following is a KEY task of a tester?
A. Reviewing tests developed by others
B. Writing a test strategy for the project
C. Deciding what should be automated
D. Writing test summary reports
Q. 58: Which is not the project risks
A. Supplier issues
B. Organization factors
C. Technical issues
D. Error-prone software delivered
Q. 59: Which of the following is a potential risk in using test support tools?
A. Under estimating the effort needed to maintain the test assets
B. Losing access to important testing information when needed
C. Relying too much on qualitative and quantitative assessments
D. Lowering the morale of the test team because of repetition
Q. 60: How many test cases are needed to achieve 100 % statement coverage?
if ((temperature < 0) or
(temperature > 100)) {
alert (“DANGER”);
if ((speed > 100) and (load <= 50)) {
speed = 50;
check = false;
Q. 61: X has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99. Using BVA which is the appropriate one
A. 0,1,2,99
B. 1, 99, 100, 98
C. 0, 1, 99, 100
D. 1, 0, 1, 99
Q. 62: Which is not a testing principleA. Early testing
B. Defect clustering
C. Pesticide paradox
D. Exhaustive testing
Q. 63: What consists of a set of input values, execution pre conditions and expected results?
A. Test script
B. Test procedure specification
C. Test case
D. Test data
Q. 64: The ___________ Testing will be performed by the people at client own locations
A. Alpha testing
B. Field testing
C. Performance testing
D. System testing
Q. 65: Which of the following is the standard for the Software product quality
A. ISO 9126
B. ISO 829
C. ISO 1012
D. ISO 1028
Q. 66: Which is not a black box testing technique
A. Equivalence partition
B. Decision tables
C. Transaction diagrams
D. Decision testing
Q. 67: Find the mismatch
A. Test data preparation tools Manipulate Data bases
B. Test design tools Generate test inputs
C. Requirement management tools Enables individual tests to be traceable
D. Configuration management tools Check for consistence
Q. 68: Which of the following MAIN activity is part of the fundamental test process?
A. Initiating and planning
B. Documenting root-causes
C. Capturing lessons learned
D. Planning and control
Q. 69: Purpose of test design technique is
A. Identifying test conditions only, not Identifying test cases
B. Not Identifying test conditions, Identifying test cases only
C. Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
D. Identifying test conditions or Identifying test cases
Q. 70: One person has been dominating the current software process improvement meeting. Which of the following techniques should the facilitator use to bring other team members into the discussion?
A. Confront the person and ask that other team members be allowed to express their opinions.
B. Wait for the person to pause, acknowledge the person s opinion, and ask for someone else s opinion.
C. Switch the topic to an issue about which the person does not have a strong opinion.
D. Express an opinion that differs from the person s opinion in order to encourage others to express their ideas.
Q. 71: Stochastic testing using statistical information or operational profiles uses the following method
A. Heuristic testing approach
B. Methodical testing approach
C. Model based testing approach
D. Process or standard compliant testing approach
Q. 72: A software model that cant be used in functional testing
A. Process flow model
B. State transaction model
C. Menu structure model
D. Plain language specification model
Q. 73: Arc testing is known as
A. Branch testing
B. Agile testing
C. Beta testing
D. Ad-hoc testing
Q. 74: The purpose of exit criteria is
A. Define when to stop testing
B. End of test level
C. When a set of tests has achieved a specific pre condition
Q. 75: Which factors contribute to humans making mistakes that can lead to faulty software?
I. Setting aggressive schedule
II. Integrating complex systems
III. Allocating adequate resources
IV. Failing to control changes
A. I and II are true; III and IV are false
B. II and IV are true; I and III are false
C. I, II and IV are true; III is false
D. I, II and III are true; IV is false
Q. 76: Which sections are included as part of the test summary report?
W. Variances
X. Comprehensive assessment
Y. Evaluation
Z. Summary of activities
A. W, X and Y
B. W, X, Y and Z
C. W and X
D. W, X and Z
Q. 77: What is the main purpose of Informal review
A. Inexpensive way to get some benefit
B. Find defects
C. Learning, gaining understanding, effect finding
D. Discuss, make decisions, solve technical problems
Q. 78: Which is not a Component testing
A. Check the memory leaks
B. Check the robustness
C. Check the branch coverage
D. Check the decision tables
Q. 79: Which test can be performed at all test levels?
B. Operational testing
C. Structural testing
D. Integration testing
Q. 80: Which is not the fundamental test process
A. Planning and control
B. Test closure activities
C. Analysis and design
Q. 81: The ________ and ________ are used within individual workbenches to produce the right output products.
A. Tools and techniques
B. Procedures and standards
C. Processes and walkthroughs
D. Reviews and update
Q. 82: Which aspects of testing will establishing traceability help?
A. Configuration management and test data generation
B. Test case specification and change control
C. Test condition and test procedure specification
D. Impact analysis and requirements coverage
Q. 83: The principle of Cyclomatic complexity, considering L as edges or links, N as nodes, P as independent paths
A. L-N +2P
B. N-L +2P
C. N-L +P
D. N-L +P
Q. 84: FPA is used to
A. To measure the functional requirements of the project
B. To measure the size of the functionality of an Information system
C. To measure the functional testing effort
D. To measure the functional flow
Q. 85: A _____ is the step-by-step method followed to ensure that standards are met
A. SDLC
B. Project Plan
C. Policy
D. Procedure
Q. 86: Which is not a test Oracle
A. The existing system (For a bench mark)
B. The code
C. Individuals knowledge
D. User manual
Q. 87: PDCA is known as
A. Plan, Do, Check, Act
B. Plan, Do, Correct, Act
C. Plan, Debug, Check, Act
D. Plan, Do, Check, Accept
Q. 88: Which is the non-functional testing
A. Performance testing
B. Unit testing
C. Regression testing
D. Sanity testing
Q. 89: Which of the following is a MAJOR test planning task?
A. Determining the exit criteria
B. Measuring and analyzing results
C. Implementing corrective actions
D. Monitoring and documenting progress
Q. 90: Testing where in we subject the target of the test , to varying workloads to measure and evaluate the performance behaviors and ability of the target and of the test to continue to function properly under these different workloads.
A. Load Testing
B. Integration Testing
C. System Testing
D. Usability Testing
Q. 91: Which of the following is the task of a Tester?
i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.
ii. Prepare and acquire Test Data
iii. Implement Tests on all test levels, execute and log the tests.
iv. Create the Test Specifications
A. i, ii, iii is true and iv is false
B. ii,iii,iv is true and i is false
C. i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
D. iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect
Q. 92: What can static analysis NOT find?
A. The use of a variable before it has been defined
B. Unreachable (“dead”) code
C. Memory leaks
D. Array bound violations
Q. 93: White Box Techniques are also called as:
A. Structural Testing
B. Design Based Testin
C. Error Guessing Technique
D. Experience Based Technique
Q. 94: Reviewing the test Basis is a part of which phase
A. Test Analysis and Design
B. Test Implementation and execution
C. Test Closure Activities
D. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
Q. 95: Component Testing is also called as :-
i. Unit Testing
ii. Program Testing
iii. Module Testing
iv. System Component Testing .
A. i,ii,iii are true and iv is false
B. i,ii,iii,iv are false
C. i,ii,iv are true and iii is false
D. all of above is true
Q. 96: Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which sections of the test incident report should the following items be recorded?
a) Test incident report identifier
b) Summary
c) Incident description
d) Impact
1. Impact on test plans
2. Unique identifier
3. Anomalies
4. Procedure step
6. References to other relevant documents
A. a: 2; b: 4; c: 1, 3 and 5; d: 6
B. a: 2; b: 3; c: 4, 5 and 6; d: 1
C. a: 2; b: 6; c: 3, 4 and 5; d: 1
D. a: 2; b: 1; c: 3, 4 and 5; d: 6
Q. 97: Which of the following is true about Formal Review or Inspection:-
i. Led by Trained Moderator (not the author).
ii. No Pre Meeting Preparations
iii. Formal Follow up process.
iv. Main Objective is to find defects
A. ii is true and i,iii,iv are false
B. i,iii,iv are true and ii is false
C. i,iii,iv are false and ii is true
D. iii is true and I,ii,iv are false
Q. 98: The Phases of formal review process is mentioned below arrange them in the correct order.
i. Planning
ii. Review Meeting
iii. Rework
iv. Individual Preparations
v. Kick Off
vi. Follow Up
A. i,ii,iii,iv,v,vi
B. vi,i,ii,iii,iv,v
C. i,v,iv,ii,iii,vi
D. i,ii,iii,v,iv,vi
Q. 99: Testing activity which is performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interaction between integrated components is :
A. System Level Testing
B. Integration Level Testing
C. Unit Level Testing
D. Component Testing
Q. 100: Methodologies adopted while performing Maintenance Testing:-
A. Breadth Test and Depth Test
B. Re-testing
C. Confirmation Testing
Q. 101: The Switch is switched off once the temperature falls below 18 and then it is turned on when the temperature is more than 21. When the temperature is more than 21. Identify the Equivalance values which belong to the same class.
A. 12,16,22
B. 24,27,17
C. 22,23,24
D. 14,15,19
Q. 102: What is an equivalence partition (also known as an equivalence class)?
A. A set of test cases for testing classes of objects
B. An input or output range of values such that only one value in the range becomes a test case
C. An input or output range of values such that each value in the range becomes a test case
D. An input or output range of values such that every tenth value in the range becomes a test case.
Q. 103: Which of the following is not a part of the Test Implementation and Execution Phase
A. Creating test suites from the test cases
B. Executing test cases either manually or by using test execution tools
C. Comparing actual results
D. Designing the Tests
Q. 104: Link Testing is also called as :
A. Component Integration testing
B. Component System Testing
C. Component Sub System Testing
D. Maintenance testing
Q. 105: Who are the persons involved in a Formal Review :-
i. Manager
ii. Moderator
iii. Scribe / Recorder
iv. Assistant Manager
A. i,ii,iii,iv are true
B. i,ii,iii are true and iv is false.
C. ii,iii,iv are true and i is false.
D. i,iv are true and ii, iii are false.
Q. 106: Which of the following statements regarding static testing is false:
A. Static testing requires the running of tests through the code
B. Static testing includes desk checking
C. Static testing includes techniques such as reviews and inspections
D. Static testing can give measurements such as cyclomatic complexity
Q. 107: Designing the test environment set-up and identifying any required infrastructure and tools are a part of which phase
A. Test Implementation and execution
B. Test Analysis and Design
C. Evaluating the Exit Criteria and reporting
D. Test Closure Activities
Q. 108: A Type of functional Testing, which investigates the functions relating to detection of threats, such as virus from malicious outsiders.
A. Security Testing
B. Recovery Testing
D. Functionality Testing
Q. 109: A Person who documents all the issues, problems and open points that were identified during a formal review.
A. Moderator.
B. Scribe
C. Author
D. Manager
Q. 110: The Test Cases Derived from use cases
A. Are most useful in uncovering defects in the process flows during real world use of the system
B. Are most useful in uncovering defects in the process flows during the testing use of the system
C. Are most useful in covering the defects in the process flows during real world use of the system
D. Are most useful in covering the defects at the Integration Level
Q. 111: One of the fields on a form contains a text box which accepts alpha numeric values. Identify the Valid Equivalence class
A. BOOK
B. Book
C. Boo01k
D. book
Q. 112: Which of the following are potential benefits of using test support tools?
A. Ensuring greater consistency and minimizing software project risks
B. Reducing repetitive work and gaining easy access to test information
C. Performing objective assessment and reducing the need for training
D. Allowing for greater reliance on the tool to automate the test process
Q. 113: Which statements correctly describe certain phases of a formal review?
A. Looking for defects occurs during kick-off phase
Fixing defects found happens during rework phase
B. Personnel selection occurs during planning phase
Gathering metrics happens during the review meeting phase
C. Distributing documents occurs during the planning phase
Personal review happens during individual preparation phase
D. Personnel selection occurs during planning phase
Q. 114: A Project risk includes which of the following :
A. Organizational Factors
B. Poor Software characteristics
C. Error Prone software delivered.
D. Software that does not perform its intended functions
Q. 115: Which of the following is a Key Characteristics of Walk Through
A. Scenario , Dry Run , Peer Group
B. Pre Meeting Preparations
C. Formal Follow Up Process
D. Includes Metrics
Q. 116: Which of the following techniques is NOT a White box technique?
A. Statement Testing and coverage
B. Decision Testing and coverage
C. Condition Coverage
D. Boundary value analysis
Q. 117: Reporting Discrepancies as incidents is a part of which phase :-
Q. 118: In a risk-based approach the risks identified may be used to :
i. Determine the test technique to be employed
ii. Determine the extent of testing to be carried out
iii. Prioritize testing in an attempt to find critical defects as early as possible.
iv. Determine the cost of the project
A. ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
B. i,ii,iii are true and iv is false
C. ii & iii are True; i, iv are False
D. ii, iii & iv are True; i is false
Q. 119: Incidents would not be raised against:
A. Requirements
B. Documentation
C. Test cases
D. Improvements suggested by users
Q. 120: The Planning phase of a formal review includes the following :-
A. Explaining the objectives
B. Selecting the personnel, allocating roles.
C. Follow up
D. Individual Meeting preparations
Q. 121: Test Implementation and execution has which of the following major tasks?
i. Developing and prioritizing test cases, creating test data, writing test procedures and optionally preparing the test harnesses and writing automated test scripts.
ii. Creating the test suite from the test cases for efficient test execution.
iii. Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly.
iv. Determining the exit criteria.
B. i,,iv are true and ii is false
C. i,ii are true and iii,iv are false
D. ii,iii,iv are true and i is false
Q. 122: One of the fields on a form contains a text box which accepts numeric values in the range of 18 to 25. Identify the invalid Equivalance class
Q. 123: Exhaustive Testing is
A. Is impractical but possible
B. Is practically possible
C. Is impractical and impossible
D. Is always possible
Q. 124: Which tool needs to interface with other office automation software in order to generate reports in the format required by the organization?
A. Progress tracking tools
B. Test management tools
C. Metrics management tools
D. Test execution tools
Q. 125: Which one is not comes under international standard
A. IEC
B. IEEE
C. ISO
Q. 126: In which phase static tests are used
B. Design
C. Coding
Q. 127: Whats the disadvantage of Black Box Testing
A. Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer.
B. The test inputs needs to be from large sample space.
C. It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult
D. All above
Q. 128: What is the process of analyzing and removing causes of failures in software?
A. Validation
B. Testing
C. Debugging
D. Verification
Q. 129: Majority of system errors occur in the _________ phase
A. Requirements Phase.
B. Analysis and Design Phase
C. Development Phase
D. Testing Phase
Q. 130: Which of the following is a MAJOR task when evaluating the exit criteria?
A. Creating test suites and cases for efficient execution
B. Writing a test summary report for stakeholders
C. Handing the testware to the maintenance organization
D. Identifying any required infrastructure and tools
Q. 131: How much percentage of the life cycle costs of a software are spent on maintenance.
A. 10%
Q. 132: When a defect is detected and fixed then the software should be retested to confirm that the original defect has been successfully removed. This is called
A. Regression testing
B. Maintenance testing
Q. 133: Which of the following is a valid objective of an incident report?
A. Prove that the tester is contributing to the quality of the system.
B. Provides test management ideas for test process improvement.
C. Gives a statistical way to determine which modules to redesign.
D. Provides developers a way to critique their individual work processes.
Q. 134: When to stop Testing?
A. Stop when scheduled time for testing expires
B. Stop if 75% of the pre-defined number of errors is detected.
C. Stop when all the test cases execute with detecting few errors.
D. None above
Q. 135: Which of the following are success factors for reviews?
I. Clear objectives for each review.
II. Checklists and/or roles are used to increase effectiveness of defect identification.
III. There is an emphasis on process improvement.
IV. People issues and psychological aspects are not reviewed.
A. I and III
B. II, III and IV
C. I, II and III
D. IV
Q. 136: Structure is unknown for which type of development project
A. Traditional system development
B. Iterative development
C. System maintenance
D. Purchased/contracted software
Q. 137: ________indicates how important it is to fix the bug and when it should be fixed
A. Severity
B. Priority
Q. 138: The person who leads the review of the document(s), planning the review,running the meeting and follow-up after the meeting
A. Reviewer
B. Author
C. Moderator
D. Auditor
Q. 139: Performs sufficient testing to evaluate every possible path and condition in the application system. The only test method that guarantees the proper functioning of the application system is called as _____________
B. Exhaustive Testing
C. Basic Path Testing
D. Branch Testing
Q. 140: Which of the following statements contains a valuable objective for a test team?
A. Prove that the remaining defects will not cause any additional failures.
B. Run all of the tests that are defined for the test object as quickly as possible.
C. Prove that all faults have been identified through thorough testing.
D. Cause as many failures as possible so that faults can be identified and corrected.
Q. 141: A formal assessment of a work product conducted by one or more qualified independent reviewer to detect defects.
A. Inspection.
B. Walkthrough.
C. Review
D. Non Conformance
Q. 142: Which of the following are MAJOR test implementation and execution tasks?
I. Repeating test activities
II. Creating test suites
III. Reporting discrepancies
IV. Logging the outcome
V. Analyzing lessons learned
A. II, III and IV
B. I, III, IV and V
C. I, II, III and IV
D. III, IV and V
Q. 143: Which tasks are performed by a test leader versus a tester?
S. Writing a project test strategy
T. Selecting tools to support testing
U. Preparing and acquiring data
V. Scheduling tests
A. Test leader: S and V; Tester: T and U
B. Test leader: S, T and V; Tester: U
C. Test leader: S, U and V; Tester: T
D. Test leader: S; Tester: T, U and V
Q. 144: What type of tools to be used for Regression Testing
A. Performance
B. Record/Playback
C. A. & B.
Q. 145: System Integration testing should be done after
A. Integration testing
B. System testing
C. Unit testing
D. Component integration testing
Q. 146: During this event the entire system is tested to verify that all functional information structural and quality requirements have been met. A predetermined combination of tests is designed that when executed successfully satisfy management that the system meets specifications
A. Validation Testing
C. User Acceptance Testing
Q. 147: What is the normal order of activities in which software testing is organized?
A. Unit, integration, system, validation
B. System, integration, unit, validation
C. Unit, integration, validation, system
Q. 148: During testing, a defect was found in which the system crashed when the network got disconnected while receiving data from the server. The defect was fixed by correcting functionality which checks the network availability during data transfer. Existing test cases did cover 100% of the module statements. To verify the fix and ensure more extensive coverage, some tests were designed and added to the test suite. What types of testing are mentioned above?
I. Functional testing
II. Structural testing
III. Confirmation testing
IV. Performance testing
A. I, III and IV
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. I, II and III
Q. 149: What is a scripting technique that uses data files to contain not only test data and expected results, but also keywords related to the application being tested?
A. Automation technique
B. Scripting language
C. Process-driven testing
D. Keyword-driven testing
Q. 150: The principal attributes of tools and automation are
A. Speed & efficiency
B. Accuracy & precision
Q. 151: In ______ testing doesnt know anything about the sofware being tested; it just clicks or types randomly.
A. Random testing
B. Gorilla testing
C. Adhoc testing
D. Dumb monkey testing
[GogoleAd336]
Q. 152: A series of probing questions about the completeness and attributes of an application system is called
A. Checklist
B. Checkpoint review
C. Decision table
D. Decision tree
Q. 153: The testing technique that requires devising test cases to demonstrate that each program function is operational is called
A. Black-box testing
B. Glass-box testing
C. Grey-box testing
D. White-box testing
Q. 154: A white box testing technique that measures the number of or percentage of decision directions executed by the test case designed is called
A. Condition coverage
B. Decision/Condition coverage
C. Decision Coverage
D. Branch coverage
Q. 155: Which summarizes the testing activities associated with one or more test design specifications.
A. Test Summary report
B. Test Log
C. Test Incident Report
D. Test Script
Q. 156: Which test investigates both functional and non-functional system requirements?
C. Acceptance testing
D. Confirmation testing
Q. 157: Which test ensures that modifications did not introduce new problems?
A. Stress testing
B. Black-box testing
D. Regression testing
Q. 158: Which of the following are potential benefits of adding tools to the test process?
I. Reduction of repetitive testing procedures.
II. Ability to hire testers with fewer technical skills.
III. Ability to get an objective assessment of progress.
IV. Greater consistency in testing procedures.
B. I, III and IV
D. I, II and IV
Q. 159: Which testing is used to verify that the system can perform properly when internal program or system limitations have been exceeded
B. Load Testing
D. Volume testing
Q. 160: In any software development life cycle (SDLC) model, which of the following are characteristics of good testing?
I. Providing complete test coverage of all branches of the system code.
II. Having a corresponding testing activity for each development activity.
III. Testers should be involved in reviewing documents as soon as drafts are available.
IV. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.
C. I, III and IV
D. I and II
Q. 161: What is the ratio of the number of failures relative to a category and a unit of measure?
A. Failure rate
B. Defect density
C. Failure mode
D. Fault tolerance
Q. 162: Typical defects discovered by static analysis includes
A. Programming standard violations
B. Referring a variable with an undefined value
C. Security vulnerabilities
Q. 163: EULA stands for
A. End Usability License Agreement
B. End User License Agreement
C. End User License Arrangement
D. End User License Attachment
Q. 164: What test can be conducted for offtheshelf software to get market feedback?
A. Beta testing
B. Usability testing
C. Alpha testing
D. COTS testing
Q. 165: CAST stands for
A. Computer Aided Software Testing
B. Computer Aided Software Tools
C. Computer Analysis Software Techniques
Q. 166: How can software defects in future projects be prevented from reoccurring?
A. Creating documentation procedures and allocating resource contingencies
B. Asking programmers to perform a thorough and independent testing
C. Combining levels of testing and mandating inspections of all documents
D. Documenting lessons learned and determining the root cause of problems
Q. 167: Which test may not mimic real world situations
A. Functional testing
B. Structural Testing
Q. 168: _______ includes both Black box and White Box Testing features
A. Gray Box Testing
B. Hybrid Testing
Q. 169: Which of the following are the main stages of a formal review?
A. Initiation, Preparation, Informal Review Meeting, Status, Rework, and Follow up.
B. Planning, Preparation, Technical Review, Rework, and Closure.
C. Preparation, Inspection, Rework, Closure, and Follow up.
D. Planning, Kick off, Individual Preparation, Review Meeting, Rework, and Follow up.
Q. 170: Tool which stores requirement statements, check for consistency and allow requirements to be prioritized and enable individual tests to be traceable to requirements, functions and features.
A. Incident management tools
B. Requirements management tools
C. Configuration management tools
Q. 171: Which of the following are success factors when rolling out a new tool?
I. Roll the tool out to the entire organization to ensure reasonably even coverage.
II. Avoid changing existing processes to reduce impact of the tool.
III. Provide training and mentoring to new users.IV. Allow users to determine where the tool fits into the process best.
A. I and II
C. III
Q. 172: As a test leader you are collecting measures about defects. You recognize that after the first test cycle covering all requirementssubsystem C has a defect density that is 150% higher than the average. Subsystem A on the other hand has a defect density that is 60% lower than the average. What conclusions for the next test cycle could you draw from this fact?
A. It is probable that subsystem C has still more hidden defects. Therefore we need to test subsystem C in more detail.
B. Because we have already found many defects in subsystem C, we should concentrate testing resources on Subsystem A.
C. Observed defect density does not allow any conclusions about the amount of additional testing.
D. We should try to equalize the amount of testing over all modules to ensure that we test all subsystems evenly.
Q. 173: Which of these are objectives for software testing?
A. Determine the productivity of programmers
B. Eliminate the need for future program maintenance
C. Eliminate every error prior to release
D. Uncover software errors
Q. 174: Failure is _________
A. Incorrect program behavior due to a fault in the program
B. Bug found before product Release
C. Bug found after product Release
D. Bug found during Design phase
Q. 175: During the software development process, at what point can the test process start?
A. When the code is complete.
B. When the design is complete.
C. When the software requirements have been approved.
D. When the first code module is ready for unit testing
Q. 176: How much testing is enough?
A. This question is impossible to answer
B. This question is easy to answer
C. The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements
D. This answer depends on the maturity of your developers
Q. 177: Which approaches can help increase the quality of software?
I. Incorporating rigorous testing
II. Preventing change requests
III. Establishing defects metrics
IV. Allocating schedule contingencies
B. II and IV are true; I and II are false
C. I and IV are true; II and III are false
D. I and III are true; II and IV are false
Q. 178: Features to be tested, approach, item pass / fail criteria and test deliverables should be specified in which document?
A. Test case specification
C. Test plan
D. Test design specification
Q. 179: What is the difference between component testing and integration testing?
A. Component testing tests interfaces; integration testing searches for defects
B. Component testing searches for defects; integration testing tests Interfaces
C. Developers perform component testing; testers perform integration testing
D. Testers perform component testing; users perform integration testing
Q. 180: Fault Masking is
A. Error condition hiding another error condition
B. Creating a test case which does not reveal a fault
C. Masking a fault by developer
D. Masking a fault by a tester
Q. 181: Which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in ISO 9126 Standard?
A. Functionality
B. Usability
C. Supportability
D. Maintainability
Q. 182: One Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is :
A. Lack of technical documentation
B. Lack of test tools on the market for developers
C. Lack of training
D. Lack of Objectivity
Q. 183: Statement Coverage will not check for the following.
A. Missing Statements
B. Unused Branches
C. Dead Code
D. Unused Statement
Q. 184: Given the Following program
IF X <>= Z
THEN Statement 2;
McCabes Cyclomatic Complexity is :
Q. 185: To test a function, the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.
A. Stub
B. Driver
C. Proxy
Q. 186: Pick the best definition of quality
A. Quality is job one
B. Zero defects
C. Conformance to requirements
D. Work as designed
Q. 187: Boundary value testing
A. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests
B. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
C. Tests combinations of input circumstances
D. Is used in white box testing strategy
Q. 188: An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
The boundary values for testing this field are
A. 0,1900,2004,2005
B. 1900, 2004
C. 1899,1900,2004,2005
D. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005
Q. 189: How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other:
if (Condition 1)
then statement 1
else statement 2
A. 2 Test Cases
B. 3 Test Cases
C. 4 Test Cases
D. Not achievable
Q. 190: A common test technique during component test is
A. Statement and branch testing
C. Security testing
D. Performance testing
Q. 191: In a review meeting a moderator is a person who
A. Takes minutes of the meeting
B. Mediates between people
C. Takes telephone calls
D. Writes the documents to be reviewed
Q. 192: Acceptance test cases are based on what?
C. Code
D. Decision table
Q. 193: Which documents specify features tobe tested, approach, and pass / fail criteria?
A. Test plan and test design specification
B. Test plan and test case specification
C. Test procedure specification and test design specification
D. Test case specification and test procedure specification
Q. 194: Independent Verification & Validation is
A. Done by the Developer
B. Done by the Test Engineers
C. Done By Management
D. Done by an Entity Outside the Projects sphere of influence
Q. 195: Defect Management process does not include
A. Defect prevention
B. Deliverable base-lining
C. Management reporting
Q. 196 What is a group of test activities that are organized and managed together?
A. Test procedure specification
B. Test level
C. Test case specification
D. Test plan
Q. 197: What is the key difference between (a) contract and regulation acceptance testing, and (b) alpha and beta testing?
A. (a) are performed outside the company and (b) are conducted by the test team
B. (a) are conducted by regulators and (b) are performed by system administrato rs
C. (a) are mandatory test for government applications and (b) are usually optional
D. (a) are for custom-developed software and (b) are for off the – shelf software
Q. 198: Regression testing should be performed:
v) Every week
w) After the software has changed
x) As often as possible
y) When the environment has changed
z) Wwhen the project manager says
A. v & w are true, x z are false
B. w, x & y are true, v & z are false
C. w & y are true, v, x & z are false
D. w is true, v, x y and z are false
E. All of the above are true
Q. 199: During which test activity could faults be found most cost effectively?
A. Execution
C. Planning
D. Check Exit criteria completion
Q. 200: What is the difference between testing software developed by contractor outside your country, versus testing software developed by a contractor within your country?
A. Does not meet people needs
B. Cultural difference
C. Loss of control over reallocation of resources
D. Relinquishments of control
Q. 201: The inputs for developing a test plan are taken from
A. Project plan
B. Business plan
C. Support plan
Q. 202: A tool that supports traceability, recording of incidents or scheduling of tests is called:
A. A dynamic analysis tool
B. A test execution tool
C. A debugging tool
D. A test management tool
E. A configuration management tool
Q. 203: Which of the following is not a static testing technique
A. Error guessing
B. Walkthrough
C. Data flow analysis
D. Inspections
Q. 204: Which document specifies the sequence of test executions?
B. Test design specification
Q. 205: Inspections can find all the following except
A. Variables not defined in the code
B. Spelling and grammar faults in the documents
C. Requirements that have been omitted from the design documents
D. How much of the code has been covered
Q. 206: Which of the following is not a characteristic for Testability?
A. Operability
B. Observability
C. Simplicity
D. Robustness
Q. 207: Software testing accounts to what percent of software development costs?
A. 10-20
B. 40-50
C. 70-80
D. 5-10
Q. 208: Which tool can be used to support and control part of the test management process?
A. Coverage management tool
B. Test management tool
C. Data preparation tool
D. Performance testing tool
Q. 209: If an expected result is not specified then:
A. We cannot run the test
B. It may be difficult to repeat the test
C. It may be difficult to determine if the test has passed or failed
D. We cannot automate the user inputs
Q. 210: When should we stop our testing?
A. This question is difficult to answer
B. The answer depends on the contract with the client, special requirements if any & risks your organization is willing to take
C. The answer depends on the experience & maturity of your developers
D. The answer should be standardized for the software development industry
Q. 211: The purpose of requirement phase is
A. To freeze requirements
B. To understand user needs
C. To define the scope of testing
Q. 212: Which of these can be successfully tested using Loop Testing methodology?A. Simple Loops
B. Nested Loops
C. Concatenated Loops
Q. 213: Cyclomatic Complexity method comes under which testing method.
A. White box
B. Black box
C. Green box
D. Yellow box
Q. 214: A reliable system will be one that:
A. Is unlikely to be completed on schedule
B. Is unlikely to cause a failure
C. Is likely to be fault-free
D. Is likely to be liked by the users
Q. 215: Which, in general, is the least required skill of a good tester?
A. Being diplomatic
B. Able to write software
C. Having good attention to detail
D. Able to be relied on
Q. 216: A regression test:
A. Will always be automated
B. Will help ensure unchanged areas of the software have not been affected
C. Will help ensure changed areas of the software have not been affected
D. Can only be run during user acceptance testing
Q. 217: Function/Test matrix is a type of
A. Interim Test report
B. Final test report
C. Project status report
D. Management report
Q. 218: The process starting with the terminal modules is called:
A. Top-down integration
B. Bottom-up integration
C. None of the above
D. Module integration
Q. 219: Verification is:
A. Checking that we are building the right system
B. Checking that we are building the system right
C. Performed by an independent test team
D. Making sure that it is what the user really wants
Q. 220: The difference between re-testing and regression testing is
A. Re-testing is running a test again; regression testing looks for unexpected side effects
B. Re-testing looks for unexpected side effects; regression testing is repeating those tests
C. Re-testing is done after faults are fixed; regression testing is done earlier
D. Re-testing uses different environments, regression testing uses the same environment
E. Re-testing is done by developers, regression testing is done by independent testers
Q. 221: Testing should be stopped when:
A. All the planned tests have been run
B. Time has run out
C. All faults have been fixed correctly
D. Both A. and C.
E. I depends on the risks for the system being tested
Q. 222: Which test technique is based on requirements specifications?
A. White-box technique
B. Component testing
C. Black-box technique
D. Data driven testing
Q. 223: Which of the following is NOT part of configuration management:
A. Status accounting of configuration items
B. Auditing conformance to ISO9001
C. Identification of test versions
D. Record of changes to documentation over time
E. controlled library access
Q. 224: A test plan defines
A. What is selected for testing
B. Objectives and results
C. Expected results
D. Targets and misses
Q. 226: The cost of fixing a fault:
A. Is not important
B. Increases as we move the product towards live use
C. Decreases as we move the product towards live use
D. Is more expensive if found in requirements than functional design
E. Can never be determined
Q. 227: Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
A. 1000, 5000, 99999
B. 9999, 50000, 100000
C. 10000, 50000, 99999
D. 10000, 99999
E. 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000
Q. 228: When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or expected behavior, this is called:
A. An error
B. A fault
C. A failure
D. A defect
E. A mistake
Q. 229: Which of the following can be tested as part of operational testing?
A. Component interaction
B. Probe effect
C. State transition
D. Disaster recovery
Q. 230: Given the following:
Switch PC on
Start “outlook”
IF outlook appears THEN
Close outlook
A. 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
B. 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
C. 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
D. 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
E. 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
Q. 231: Test managers should not:
A. Report on deviations from the project plan
B. Sign the system off for release
C. Re-allocate resource to meet original plans
D. Rise incidents on faults that they have found
E. Provide information for risk analysis and quality improvement
Q. 232: Which of the following is NOT part of system testing:
A. Business process-based testing
B. Performance, load and stress testing
C. Requirements-based testing
E. Top-down integration testing
Q. 233: When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
A. A small team to establish the best way to use the tool
B. Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
C. The independent testing team
D. The managers to see what projects it should be used in
E. The vendor contractor to write the initial scripts
Q. 234: Which of the following is not part of performance testing:
A. Measuring response time
B. Measuring transaction rates
C. Recovery testing
D. Simulating many users
E. Generating many transactions
Q. 235: What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:
A. To know when a specific test has finished its execution
B. To ensure that the test case specification is complete
C. To set the criteria used in generating test inputs
D. To know when test planning is complete
E. To plan when to stop testing
Q. 236: Given the following code, which is true:
IF A > B THEN
C = A B
C = A + B
Read D
IF C = D Then
Print “Error”
B. 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
C. 2 tests for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
Q. 237: Unreachable code would best be found using:
A. Code reviews
B. Code inspections
C. A coverage tool
E. A static analysis tool
Q. 238: What information need not be included in a test incident report:
A. How to fix the fault
B. How to reproduce the fault
C. Test environment details
D. Severity, priority
E. The actual and expected outcomes
Q. 239: Which of the following is NOT included in the Test Plan document of the Test Documentation Standard:
A. Test items (i.e. software versions)
B. What is not to be tested
C. Test environments
D. Quality plans
E. Schedules and deadlines
Q. 240: IEEE 829 test plan documentation standard contains all of the following except:
A. Test items
B. Test deliverables
C. Test tasks
D. Test environment
E. Test specification
Q. 241: The standard that gives definitions of testing terms is:
A. ISO/IEC 12207
B. BS7925-1
C. BS7925-2
D. ANSI/IEEE 829
E. ANSI/IEEE 729
Q. 242: What are the main objectives of software project risk management?
A. Increase focus on preventive processes and improve tester job satisfaction
B. Reduce the probability of occurrence and decrease the potential impact
C. Control contractor problems and minimize the impact of corporate politics
D. Increase the probability of project success regardless of the cost involved
Q. 243: Consider the following state transition diagram of a two-speed hair dryer, which is operated by pressing its one button. The first press of the button turns it on to Speed 1, second press to Speed 2 and the third press turns it off.
Which of the following series of state transitions below will provide 0-switch coverage?
A. A,C,B
B. B,C,A
C. A,B,C
D. C,B,A
Q. 244: How many test cases are needed to achieve 100 % decision coverage?
If (p = q) {
if (a < S) {
t = 10;
} else if (p > q) {
Q. 245: Which of the following statements about the component testing standard is false:
A. Black box design techniques all have an associated measurement technique
B. White box design techniques all have an associated measurement technique
C. Cyclomatic complexity is not a test measurement technique
D. Black box measurement techniques all have an associated test design technique
E. White box measurement techniques all have an associated test design technique
Q. 246: Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing:
A. No, because they apply to development documentation
B. No, because they are normally applied before testing
C. No, because they do not apply to the test documentation
D. Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality
E. Yes, because testing includes all non-constructive activities
Q. 247:The main focus of acceptance testing is:
A. Finding faults in the system
B. Ensuring that the system is acceptable to all users
C. Testing the system with other systems
D. Testing for a business perspective
E. Testing by an independent test team
Q. 248: Which of the following can help testers understand the root causes of defects from previous projects?
A. Ishikawa diagram
B. Cause-and-effect diagram
C. Lessons learned
D. Fishbone diagram
Q. 249: Which technique is appropriate to test changes on old and undocumented functionalities of a system?
A. Specification-based technique
B. Black-box technique
D. Data driven testing technique
Q. 250: Non-functional system testing includes:
A. Testing to see where the system does not function properly
B. Testing quality attributes of the system including performance and usability
C. Testing a system feature using only the software required for that action
D. Testing a system feature using only the software required for that function
E. Testing for functions that should not exist
Q. 251: Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
A. Equivalence partitioning
B. State transition testing
C. LCSAJ
D. Syntax testing
E. Boundary value analysis
Q. 252: Expected results are:
A. Only important in system testing
B. Only used in component testing
C. Never specified in advance
D. Most useful when specified in advance
E. Derived from the code
Q. 253: Beta testing is:
A. Performed by customers at their own site
B. Performed by customers at their software developers site
D. Useful to test bespoke software
E. Performed as early as possible in the lifecycle
Q. 254: Consider the following:
Pick up and read the newspaper
Look at what is on television
If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the the television on and watch the program
Continue reading the newspaper
If there is a crossword in the newspaper then try and complete the crossword
A. SC = 1 and DC = 1
B. SC = 1 and DC = 2
C. SC = 1 and DC = 3
D. SC = 2 and DC = 2
E. SC = 2 and DC = 3
Q. 255: A typical commercial test execution tool would be able to perform all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Generating expected outputs
B. Replaying inputs according to a programmed script
C. Comparison of expected outcomes with actual outcomes
D. Recording test inputs
E. Reading test values from a data file
Q. 256: Consider the following statements about early test design:
i. Early test design can prevent fault multiplication
ii. Faults found during early test design are more expensive to fix
iii. Early test design can find faults
iv. Early test design can cause changes to the requirements
v. Early test design takes more effort
A. i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
B. iii is true, I, ii, iv & v are false
C. iii & iv are true. i, ii & v are false
D. i, iii, iv & v are true, ii us false
E. i & iii are true, ii, iv & v are false
Q. 257: Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
Read P
Read Q
IF P+Q > 100 THEN
Print “Large”
If P > 50 THEN
Print “P Large”
C. 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
Q. 258: The place to start if you want a (new) test tool is:
A. Attend a tool exhibition
B. Invite a vendor to give a demo
C. Analyse your needs and requirements
D. Find out what your budget would be for the tool
E. Search the internet
Q. 259: Error guessing is best used
A. As the first approach to deriving test cases
B. After more formal techniques have been applied
C. By inexperienced testers
D. After the system has gone live
E. Only by end users
Q. 260: Exit Criteria may consist of:
i. Thoroughness measures, such as coverage of code, functionality or risk
ii. Estimates of Defect density or reliability measures.
iii. Residual risk such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas
iv. Verifying the Test Environment.
A. iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect.
B. i,ii,iii is correct and iv is incorrect
C. ii is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
D. iii and iv are correct and i,ii are incorrect
Q. 261: One of the fields on a form contains a text box, which accepts alphabets in lower or upper case. Identify the invalid Equivalance class value.
A. CLASS
B. cLASS
C. CLass
D. CLa01ss
Q. 262: The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes the following:
A. Explaining the objective
B. Fixing defects found typically done by author
Q. 263: Peer Reviews are also called as :
A. Inspection
C. Technical Review
D. Formal Review
Q. 264: Validation involves which of the following
i. Helps to check the Quality of the Built Product
ii. Helps to check that we have built the right product.
iii. Helps in developing the product
iv. Monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness.
A. Options i,ii,iii,iv are true.
B. ii is true and i,iii,iv are false
C. i,ii,iii are true and iv is false
D. iii is true and i,ii,iv are false.
Q. 265: Success Factors for a review include:
i. Each Review does not have a predefined objective
ii. Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively
iii. Management supports a good review process.
iv. There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement.
A. ii,iii,iv are correct and i is incorrect
B. iii , i , iv is correct and ii is incorrect
C. i , iii , iv , ii is in correct
D. ii is correct
Q. 266: Which test measures the system at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements?
B. Stress testing
C. Error guessing
D. Black-box testing
Q. 267: Defects discovered by static analysis tools include:
i. Variables that are never used.
ii. Security vulnerabilities.
iii. Programming Standard Violations
iv. Uncalled functions and procedures
A. i , ii,iii,iv is correct
B. iii ,is correct I,ii,iv are incorrect.
C. i ,ii, iii and iv are incorrect
D. iv, ii is correct
Q. 268: Which defect can typically be discovered using a static analysis tool?
A. Inconsistencies in numerical calculations
B. Programming standards violations
C. Problems related to system usability
D. Internal and external system reliability
Q. 269: Which of the following techniques is NOT a black box technique?
A. State transition testing
B. LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump)
C. Syntax testing
Q. 270: Features of White Box Testing Technique:
i. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data.
ii. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.
iii. Checking for the performance of the application
iv. Also checks for functionality.
A. i, ii are true and iii and iv are false
B. iii is true and i,ii, iv are false
C. ii ,iii is true and i,iv is false
D. iii and iv are true and i,ii are false
Q. 271. The Provision and Management of a controlled library containing all the configurations items is called as
A. Configuration Control
B. Status Accounting
C. Configuration Identification
D. Configuration Identification
Q. 272: The selection of a test approach should consider the context:
i. Risk of Failure of the Project, hazards to the product and risks of product failure to humans
ii. Skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools and methods
iii. The objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team.
iv. The size of the testing Team
Q. 273: Benefits of Independent Testing
A. Independent testers are much more qualified than Developers
B. Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased.
C. Independent Testers cannot identify defects.
D. Independent Testers can test better than developers
Q. 274: Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage:
Disc = 0
Order-qty = 0
Read Order-qty
If Order-qty >=20 then
Disc = 0.05
If Order-qty >=100 then
Disc =0.1
A. Statement coverage is 4
B. Statement coverage is 1
C. Statement coverage is 3
D. Statement Coverage is 2
Q. 275: Test Conditions are derived from:
A. Specifications
B. Test Cases
C. Test Data
D. Test Design
Q. 276: Which of the following is the task of a Test Lead / Leader.
ii. Write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing
iii. Decide what should be automated , to what degree and how.
Q. 277: Impact Analysis helps to decide:
A. How much regression testing should be done.
B. Exit Criteria
C. How many more test cases need to written.
D. Different Tools to perform Regression Testing
Q. 278: Drivers are also known as:
i. Spade
ii. Test harness
iii. Scaffolding
A. i , ii are true and iii is false
B. i , iii are true and ii is false
C. ii , iii are true and i is false
D. All of the above are true
Q. 279: Which of the following is not a type of incremental testing approach?
A. Top down
B. Big-bang
C. Bottom up
D. Functional incrementation.
Q. 281: In case of Large Systems :
A. Only few tests should be run
B. Testing should be on the basis of Risk
C. Only Good Test Cases should be executed.
D. Test Cases written by good test engineers should be executed.
Q. 282: What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?
Citibank Card
Offer upgrade
To Gold Luxury
Offer upgrade to Silver
A. Citibank card member, holding a Silver room
B. Non Citibank-member, holding a Platinum room
A. A Dont offer any upgrade, B Dont offer any upgrade.
B. A Dont offer any upgrade, B Offer upgrade to Gold.
C. A Offer upgrade to Silver, B Offer upgrade to Silver.
D. A Offer upgrade to Gold, B Dont offer any upgrade.
Q. 283: Which typical defects are easier to find using static instead of dynamic testing?
L. Deviation from standards
M. Requirements defects
N. Insufficient maintainability
O. Incorrect interface specifications
A. L, M, N and O
B. L and N
C. L,N and O
D. L,M and N
Q. 284: Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which sections of the test incident report should the following details be recorded?
1. Expected results
2. Actual results
5. Revision level
6. Date and time
A. a: 3; b: 5; c: 1, 2, 4 and 6
B. b: 5; c: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
C. b: 5 and 6; c: 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. a: 5; c: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
Q. 285: Repeated Testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes in the software being tested or in another related or unrelated software component:
A. Re Testing
B. Confirmation Testing
D. Negative Testing
Q. 286: Consider the following state transition diagram of a switch. Which of the following represents an invalid state transition?
A. OFF to ON
B. ON to OFF
C. FAULT to ON
Q. 287: We use the output of the requirement analysis, the requirement specification as the input for writing:
A. User Acceptance Test Cases
B. Integration Level Test Cases
C. Unit Level Test Cases
D. Program specifications
i. Every week
ii. After the software has changed
iii. As often as possible
iv. When the environment has changed
v. When the project manager says
A. i & ii are true, iii, iv & v are false
B. ii, iii & iv are true, i & v are false
C. ii & iv are true, i, iii & v are false
D. ii is true, i, iii, iv & v are false
Q. 289: Which input combinations will a knowledgeable tester MOST LIKELY use to uncover potential errors when testing a surname field?
A. Wilson, de Costa and Morgan
B. Go, Cheenaswamimuthusami and Venkatsewaran
C. Smit, Smyth and Smithson
D. O’Lever, Lesa-Brit and Jewel De
Q. 290: Which of the following has highest level of independence in which test cases are:
A. Designed by persons who write the software under test
B. Designed by a person from a different section
C. Designed by a person from a different organization
D. Designed by another person
Q. 291: Test planning has which of the following major tasks?
i. Determining the scope and risks, and identifying the objectives of testing.
ii. Determining the test approach (techniques,test items, coverage, identifying and
interfacing the teams involved in testing , testware)
iii. Reviewing the Test Basis (such as requirements,architecture,design,interface)
A. i,ii,iv are true and iii is false
Q. 292: Deciding How much testing is enough should take into account :-
i. Level of Risk including Technical and Business product and project risk
ii. Project constraints such as time and budget
iii. Size of Testing Team
iv. Size of the Development Team
Q. 293: Which of the following will be the best definition for Testing:
A. The goal / purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program works.
B. The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program is defect free.
C. The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program does what it is supposed to do.
D. Testing is executing Software for the purpose of finding defects.
Q. 294: Minimum Tests Required for Statement Coverage and Branch Coverage:
Print “pLarge”
A. Statement coverage is 2, Branch Coverage is 2
B. Statement coverage is 3 and branch coverage is 2
C. Statement coverage is 1 and branch coverage is 2
D. Statement Coverage is 4 and Branch coverage is 2
Q. 295: Match every stage of the software Development Life cycle with the Testing Life cycle:
i. Hi-level design a Unit tests
ii. Code b Acceptance tests
iii. Low-level design c System tests
iv. Business requirements d Integration tests
A. i-d , ii-a , iii-c , iv-b
B. i-c , ii-d , iii-a , iv-b
C. i-b , ii-a , iii-d , iv-c
D. i-c , ii-a , iii-d , iv-b
Q. 296: Which of the following is a part of Test Closure Activities?
i. Checking which planned deliverables have been delivered
ii. Defect report analysis.
iii. Finalizing and archiving testware.
iv. Analyzing lessons.
A. i , ii , iv are true and iii is false
B. i , ii , iii are true and iv is false
C. i , iii , iv are true and ii is false
D. All of above are true
Q. 297: What principles do avoiding author bias and communicating problems constructively represent?
A. Preventive testing and reactive testing
B. Experience-based testing and interoperability testing
C. Independent testing and good interpersonal skills
D. Criticism avoidance and effective relationships
Q. 298: Which test is OFTEN the responsibility of the customers or users of the system?
A. Usability testing
B. Functional testing
C. Maintenance testing
D. Acceptance testing
Q. 299: Which of the following statements is true of static analysis:
A. Compiling code is not a form of static analysis.
B. Static analysis need not be performed before imperative code is executed.
C. Static analysis can find faults that are hard to find with dynamic testing.
D. Extensive statistic analysis will not be needed if white- Box testing is to be performed.
Q. 300: In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: An employee has $4000 of salary tax free. The next $1500 is taxed at 10% The next $28000 is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40%
Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
A. $5800; $28000; $32000
B. $0; $200; $4200
C. $5200; $5500; $28000
D. $28001; $32000; $35000
Q. 301: Cost of the reviews will not include.
A. Review process itself
B. Metrics analysis
C. Tool support.
D. Process improvement.
Q. 302: Regression testing always involves
A. Testing whether a known software fault been fixed.
B. Executing a large number of different tests.
C. Testing whether modifications have introduced adverse side effects.
D. Using a test automation tool.
Q. 303: Capture and replay facilities are least likely to be used to _______
C. GUI testing
D. User requirements.
Q. 304: Which tool will be used to test the flag memory leaks and unassigned pointers
A. Dynamic analysis tool
B. Static Analysis tool.
C. Maintenance tool.
D. Configuration tool.
Q. 305: Cyclomatic complexity is used to calculate
A. Number of independent paths in the basis set of a program
B. Number of binary decisions + 1
C. Number bound for the number of tests that must be conducted to ensure that all statements have been executed at least once
D. Number of branches and decisions
Q. 306: Which of the following is not included in Test Plan.
A. Features to be tested.
B. Environmental needs.
C. Suspension criteria.
D. Expected results.
Q. 307: Software quality is not relevant to _______
A. Correctness
C. Viability
D. Reusability.
Q. 308: Match the following:
1. Test estimation
2. Test control
3. Test monitoring
a. Measures of tracking process
b. Effort required to perform activities
c. Reallocation of resources
A. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a
B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-c
C. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b
D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c
Q. 309: When do you stop testing?
A. When the specified number of faults are found.
B. When the test completion criteria are met.
C. When all high and medium priority tests are complete.
D. When all statements have been executed
<<<<< =================== >>>>>>
Q. 310: What is the smallest number of test cases required to Provide 100% branch coverage?
If(x>y) x=x+1;
else y=y+1;
while(x>y)
y=x*y; x=x+1;
Q. 311: Match the following.
1. Configuration identification
2. Configuration control
3. Status reporting
4. Configuration auditing
a. Maintains of CIs in a library
b. Checks on the contents of the library
c. Function recording and tracking problems.
d. Requires the all CIs and their versions in the system are known
A.1-d, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a.
B. 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b.
C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c.
D. 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d.
Q. 312: Integration testing in the large involves:
A. Testing the system when combined with other systems.
B. Testing a sub-system using stubs and drivers.
C. Testing a system with a large number of users.
D. Combing software components and testing them in one go.
Q. 313: How are error guessing and exploratory testing similar?
A. Both are widely used formal techniques
B. Both are white-box test design techniques
C. Both are experience-based testing
D. Both are effective at all testing levels
Q. 314: What technique would be MOST appropriate to check status changes based on certain events?
A. State transition
B. Equivalence partitioning
C. Boundary value analysis
Q. 315: In a formal review, who is primarily responsible for the documents to be reviewed?
A. Author
B. Manager
D. Reviewers
Q. 316: What type of testing will you perform on internet banking solution?
A. System integration
C. Non-functional testing.
D. Requirements testing
Q. 317: Which of the following are false?
A. Incidents should always be investigated and resolved.
B. Incidents occur when expected and actual results differ.
C. Incidents can be analyzed to assist in test process improvement.
D. An incident can be raised against documentation.
Q. 318: Testing is not done to ______
A. Find faults
B. Improve quality
C. Check user friendliness.
D. Improve software accuracy
Q. 319: A field failure occurs when multiple users access a system. Which of the following is true?
A. This is an acceptable risk of a multi-user system.
B. Insufficient functional testing has been performed.
C. This indicates an important non-functional requirement was not specified and tested.
D. It is not possible to test against such events prior to release.
Q. 320: People who dont participate in technical reviews
A. Analysts
C. Developers
D. Testers
Q. 321: What is failure?
A. Deviation from expected result to actual result
B. Defect in the software.
C. Error in the program code.
D. Fault in the system.
Q. 322: Which test support tool can be used to enforce coding standards?
A. Static analysis tool
B. Performance testing tool
C. Test comparator
D. Test management tool
Q. 323: Which of the following is least important in test management?
A. Estimating test duration.
B. Incident Management.
C. Configuration Management.
D. De-bugging.
Q. 324: A standard for software testing terminology is:
A. IEEE 802.11
B. ISO 9001
C. BS 7925-1
D. BS 7925-2
Q. 325: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of User Acceptance Testing?
A. Use of automated test execution tools.
B. Testing performed by users.
C. Testing against acceptance test criteria.
D. Integration of system with user documentation.
Q. 326: Which of the following provides the biggest potential cost saving from use of CAST?
A. Test management
B. Test design
C. Test planning
D. Test execution
Q. 327: What type of testing is done to supplement the rigorous testing?
A. Regression testing.
B. Integration testing.
D. System testing.
Q. 328: To make a test effective it is most important that:
A. It is easy to execute.
B. It is designed to detect faults if present.
C. The expected outcome is specified before execution.
D. It is unlikely to delay progress.
Q. 329: Error guessing is:
A. An appropriate way of deriving system tests.
B. Only used if good requirements are not available.
C. Only used when good requirements are available.
D. The most appropriate way of deriving system tests.
Q. 330: Amount of testing performed will not depend on
A. Risks involved
B. Contractual requirements
C. Legal requirements
D. Test data.
Q. 331: For software to be reliable it must:
A. Be easy to maintain.
B. Be unlikely to cause a failure.
C. Never fail under any circumstances.
D. Be written according to coding standards
Q. 332: Which test design techniques should a tester use to respectively achieve the following:
(a) Check the documented features of the system,
(b) ensure 100 % decision c overage, and
(c) detect likely defects and distribution?
A. Specification-based, data driven testing, and defect density techniques
B. Specification-based, branch coverage, and exploratory techniques
C. Structure-based, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory techniques
D. Specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based techniques
Q. 333: Faults found by users are due to:
A. Poor quality software
B. Poor software and poor testing
C. Bad luck
D. Insufficient time for testing
Q. 334: An incident logging system
A. Only records defects
B. Is of limited value
C. Is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
D. Should be used only by the test team.
Q. 335: The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. Why?
A. The documentation is poor, so it takes longer to find out what the software is doing.
B. Wages are rising
C. The fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc
Q. 336: Which set of test data demonstrates equivalence partitioning to check whether a customer is a teenager or not?
A. 10, 15 and 19 years
B. 13, 19 and 25 years
C. 13, 16 and 19 years
D. 12, 13 and 20 years
Q. 337: Which technique if OFTEN considered as an extension of equivalence partitioning?
A. Decision table testing
C. Use case testing
Q. 338: Software testing activities should start
A. As soon as the code is written
B. During the design stage
C. When the requirements have been formally documented
D. As soon as possible in the development life cycle
Q. 339: A company by the name Software Testing Genius Inc. decides to use functional test execution automation tool for testing GUI of their product. The GUI is expected to change frequently. Software Testing Genius Inc. has put some of the manual testers through a 3-day training program on how to use the tool. Which of the following is likely to be true?
A. Automation is likely to fail because of frequent changes and lack of experience
B. Automation is likely to fail because of GUI automation is not the right way to automate
C. Automation is likely to succeed because automation is very useful for frequent changes
D. Automation is likely to succeed because the team has been trained on tool.
Q. 340: A test design technique is
A. A process for selecting test cases
B. A process for determining expected outputs
C. A way to measure the quality of software
D. A way to measure in a test plan what has to be done
Q. 341: What is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
A. To show that system will work after release
B. To decide when the software is of sufficient quality to release
C. To find as many bugs as possible before release
D. To give information for a risk based decision about release
Q. 342: Testware(test cases, test dataset)
A. Needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
B. Should be newly constructed for each new version of the software
C. Is needed only until the software is released into production or use
D. Does not need to be documented and commented, as it does not form part of the released software system
Q. 343: Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing?
A. IEEE829
B. IEEE610
D. BS7925-2
Q. 344: Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which of the following sections are part of the test summary report?
a) Test summary and report identifier
b) Comprehensive assessment
c) Summary of results
d) Evaluation
e) Observers
A. a, b, c, d and e
B. a, b, c, e and f
C. a, c, d, e and f
D. a, b, c, d and f
Q. 345: What analysis determines which parts of the software have been executed?
A. Impact analysis
B. Code coverage
C. Gap analysts
D. Cyclomatic complexity
Q. 346: Which of the following is not the integration strategy?
A. Design based
C. Bottom-up
D. Top-down
Q. 347: Which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
A. State analysis
B. Coverage analysis
C. Dynamic analysis
D. Memory analysis
Q. 348: Which of the following statements are true?
A. Faults in program specifications are the most expensive to fix.
B. Faults in code are the most expensive to fix.
C. Faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix
D. Faults in designs are the most expensive to fix.
Q. 349: Increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed for testing (the test phases) by:
A. Reducing test time
B. No change
C. Increasing test time
D. Cant say
Q. 350: Which of the following is a black box design technique?
A. Statement testing
C. Error- guessing
Q. 351: When reporting faults found to developers, testers should be:
A. As polite, constructive and helpful as possible
B. Firm about insisting that a bug is not a “feature” if it should be fixed
C. Diplomatic, sensitive to the way they may react to criticism
Q. 352: Which of the following statements is not true
A. Performance testing can be done during unit testing as well as during the testing of whole system
B. The acceptance test does not necessarily include a regression test
C. Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
D. Test environments should be as similar to production environments as possible
Q. 353: Which test may OPTIONALLY be included in the common type of the V-model?
A. Component (unit) testing
C. System integration testing
D. Validation and verification
Q. 354: When should you stop testing?
A. When time for testing has run out.
B. When all planned tests have been run
C. When the test completion criteria have been met
D. When no faults have been found by the tests run
Q. 355: Coverage measurement
A. Is nothing to do with testing
B. Is a partial measure of test thoroughness
C. Branch coverage should be mandatory for all software
D. Can only be applied at unit or module testing, not at system testing
Q. 356: Which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test?
A. State-Transition
C. Performance
D. Security
Q. 357: Which of the following is the component test standard?
A. IEEE 829
B. IEEE 610
Q. 358: A program validates a numeric field as follows:
Values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
B. 3,20,21
C. 3,10,22
Q. 359: Which of the following are KEY tasks of a test leader?
i. Understanding the project risks
ii. Measuring performance of components
iii. Scheduling tests and other activities
iv. Using monitoring tools as needed
B. i and ii
C. iii and iv
D. ii and iii
Q. 360: Which of the following is a static test?
A. Code inspection
C. Usability assessment
D. Installation test
Q. 361: A program with high cyclometic complexity is almost likely to be:
A. Large
B. Small
C. Difficult to write
D. Difficult to test
Q. 362: Which of the following is the odd one out?
B. Glass box
C. Structural
D. Functional
Q. 363: Which of the following techniques are black box techniques?
A. State transition testing, code testing, agile testing
B. Equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, decision table testing
C. System testing, acceptance testing, equivalence partitioning
D. System integration testing, system testing, decision table testing
Q. 364: What is the KEY difference between black-box and white-box testing?
A. Black-box is functional; white-box is structural
B. Black-box is functional; white-box is non-functional
C. Black-box has a wider statement coverage than white-box
D. Black-box can only be performed after white-box
Q. 365: What technique captures system requirements that contain logical conditions?
A. Boundary value
B. Equivalence partition
D. State transition
Q. 366: What makes an inspection different from other review types?
A. It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists
B. It is led by the author of the document to be inspected
C. It can only be used for reviewing design and code
D. It is led by the author, uses checklists, and collects data for improvement
Q. 367: Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
A. Because it is an industry standard
B. Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the edges of the range of values
C. Because only equivalence classes that are equal from a functional point of view are considered in the test cases
D. Because the test object is tested under maximal load up to its performance limits
Q. 368: If a program is tested and 100% branch coverage is achieved, which of the following coverage criteria is then guaranteed to be achieved?
A. 100% Equivalence class coverage
B. 100% Condition coverage and 100% Statement coverage
C. 100% Statement coverage
D. 100% Multiple condition coverage
Q. 369: A defect management system shall keep track of the status of every defect registered and enforce the rules about changing these states. If your task is to test the status tracking, which method would be best?
A. Logic-based testing
B. Use-case-based testing
C. State transition testing
D. Systematic testing according to the V-model
Q. 370: In system testing
A. Both functional and non-functional requirements are to be tested
B. Only functional requirements are tested; non-functional requirements are validated in a review
C. Only non-functional requirements are tested; functional requirements are validated in a review
D. Only requirements which are listed in the specification document are to be tested
Q. 371: Integration testing has following characteristics
I. It can be done in incremental manner
II. It is always done after system testing
III. It includes functional tests
IV. It includes non-functional tests
A. I, II and III are correct
B. I is correct
C. I, III and IV are correct
Q. 372: Which of the following activities differentiate a walkthrough from a formal review?
A. A walkthrough does not follow a defined process
B. For a walkthrough individual preparation by the reviewers is optional
C. A walkthrough requires meeting
D. A walkthrough finds the causes of failures, while formal review finds the failures
Q. 373: Why is testing necessary?
A. Because testing is good method to make there are not defects in the software
B. Because verification and validation are not enough to get to know the quality of the software
C. Because testing measures the quality of the software system and helps to increase the quality
D. Because testing finds more defects than reviews and inspections.
Q. 374: In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing. Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?
A. Complete testing of software is attainable if you have enough resources and test tools
B. With automated testing you can make statements with more confidence about the quality of a product than with manual testing
C. For a software system, it is not possible, under normal conditions, to test all input and output combinations.
D. A goal of testing is to show that the software is defect free.
Q. 375: Which of the following is true
A. Testing is the same as quality assurance
B. Testing is a part of quality assurance
C. Testing is not a part of quality assurance
D. Testing is same as debugging
Q. 376: This part of a program is given:
WHILE (condition A) Do B
How many decisions should be tested in this code in order to achieve 100% decision coverage?
B. Indefinite
Q. 377: In a flight reservation system, the number of available seats in each plane model is an input. A plane may have any positive number of available seats, up to the given capacity of the plane. Using Boundary Value analysis, a list of available seat values were generated. Which of the following lists is correct?
A. 1, 2, capacity -1, capacity, capacity plus 1
B. 0, 1, capacity, capacity plus 1
C. 0, 1, 2, capacity plus 1, a very large number
D. 0, 1, 10, 100, capacity, capacity plus one
Q. 378: Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: An integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 15
A. Less than 1, 1 through 15, more than 15
B. Negative numbers, 1 through 15, above 15
C. Less than 1, 1 through 14, more than 15
D. Less than 0, 1 through 14, 15 and more
Q. 379: Which of the following is correct about static analysis tools
A. They help you find defects rather than failures
B. They are used by developers only
C. They require compilation of code
D. They are useful only for regulated industries
Q. 380: Which of the following is most often considered as components interface bug?
A. For two components exchanging data, one component used metric units, the other one used British units
B. The system is difficult to use due to a too complicated terminal input structure
C. The messages for user input errors are misleading and not helpful for understanding the input error cause
D. Under high load, the system does not provide enough open ports to connect to
Q. 381: Which of the following is correct about static analysis tools?
A. Static analysis tools are used only by developers
B. Compilers may offer some support for static analysis
C. Static analysis tools help find failures rather than defects
D. Static analysis tools require execution of the code to analyze the coverage
Q. 382: Which of the following list contains only non-functional tests?
A. Interoperability (compatibility) testing, reliability testing, performance testing
B. System testing, performance testing
C. Load testing, stress testing, component testing, portability testing
D. Testing various configurations, beta testing, load testing
Q. 383: Without testing all possible transitions, which test suite will test all marital statuses?
A. SO-S1-S2-S4-S1-S4
B. SO-S1-S2-S3-S1-S2
C. SO-S1-S4-S1-S2-S3
D. SO-S1-S2-S3-S4-S1
Q. 384: What test items should be put under configuration management?
A. The test object, the test material and the test environment
B. The problem reports and the test material
C. Only the test object. The test cases need to be adapted during agile testing
D. The test object and the test material
WHILE (condition A)
Do B
How many paths should be tested in this code in order to achieve 100% path coverage?
A. One
C. Two
D. Four
Q. 386: What is the purpose of test exit criteria in the test plan?
A. To specify when to stop the testing activity
B. To set the criteria used in generating test inputs
C. To ensure that the test case specification is complete
D. To know when a specific test has finished its execution
Q. 387:If a program is tested and 100% condition coverage is achieved, which of the following coverage criteria is then guaranteed to be achieved?
A. 100% branch coverage
C. Equivalence class and boundary value coverage
D. No other white box coverage criterion is guaranteed to be fulfilled 100%
Q. 388: Using the diagram below, which test suite will uncover invalid state transitions for employee status reporting software?
A. Prospective – Active – Resigned – Active – Terminated – Purged
B. Prospective – Active – On Leave – Active – Resigned – Retired
C. Prospective – Active – Retired – Active – On Leave – Purged
D. Prospective – Active – On Leave – Active – Retired – Active
Q. 389: Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the descriptions below?
S. Analytical approaches
T. Model-based approaches
U. Methodical approaches
V. Consultative approaches
1. Relies on guidelines from domain experts
2. Includes error guessing and fault-attacks
3. Uses statistical information about failure rates
4. Focuses on areas of greatest risk
Q. 390: Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Static analysis tools produce statistics during program execution
B. Configuration management systems allow us to provide accurate defect statistics of different configurations
C. Stress testing tools examine the behavior of the test object at or beyond full load
D. Performance measurement tools can be used in all phases of software life-cycle
Q. 391: Which of the following project inputs influence testing?
(I) Contractual requirements
(II) Legal requirements(III) Industry standards
(IV) Application risk
(V) Project size
A. (I) through (III) are correct
B. All alternatives are correct
C. (II) and (V) are correct
D. (I), (III) and (V) are correct
Q. 392: Which of the following are USUALLY stated as testing objectives?
I. Finding defects in the software
II. Reducing maintenance costs
II. Confirming that the system works
IV. Assessing the quality of the software
V. Meeting schedule milestones
B. I, III; and IV
C. II, IV, and V
D. III and IV
Q. 393: Maintenance testing is:
A. Testing management
B. Synonym of testing the quality of service
C. Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software
D. Testing the level of maintenance by the vendor
Q. 394: Why is incremental integration preferred over big bang integration?
A. Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability
B. Because “big bang” integration is suitable only for real time applications
C. Incremental integration is preferred over “Big Bang Integration” only for “bottom up” development model
D. Because incremental integration can compensate for weak and inadequate component testing
Q. 395: V-Model is:
A. A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases
B. A software life-cycle model that is not relevant for testing
C. The official software development and testing life-cycle model of ISTQB
D. A testing life cycle model including unit, integration, system and acceptance phases
Q. 396: Which of the following items need not to be given in an incident report?
A. The version number of the test object
B. Test data and used environment
C. Identification of the test case that failed
D. The location and instructions on how to correct the fault
Q. 397: Who should be responsible for coordinating the test strategy with the project manager and others?
A. Tester
B. Developer
C. Customer
D. Test leader
Q. 398: Acceptance testing means
A. Testing performed on a single stand alone module or unit of code
B. Testing after changes have been made to ensure that no unwanted changes were introduced
C. Testing to ensure that the system meets the needs of the organization and end user.
D. Users test the application in the developers environment
Q. 399: The _______ testing should include operational tests of the new environment as well as of the changed software
C. Component testing
Q. 400: Using the diagram below, which test suite will check for ALL valid state transitions using the LEAST effort?
A. SO-S1-S2-S4-S1-S4-S1-S2-S3-S1
B. SO-S1-S2-S4-S1-S2-S3-S1
C. SO-S1-S4-S1-S2-S3-S1
D. SO-S1-S2-S4-S1-S4-S1-S2-S3
Q. 401: Input and output combinations that will be treated the same way by the system can be tested using which technique?
Q. 402: Branch Coverage
A. Another name for decision coverage
B. Another name for all-edges coverage
C. Another name for basic path coverage
D. All the above
Q. 403: The _________ Is the activity where general testing objectives are transformed into tangible test conditions and test designs
A. Testing Planning
B. Test Control
C. Test analysis and design
D. Test implementation
Q. 404: Integration testing where no incremental testing takes place prior to all the systems components being combined to form the system.
C. Incremental Testing
D. Big bang testing
Q. 405: A test case design technique for a component in which test cases are designed to execute statements is called as?
B. Static Testing
C. Transition testing
D. Statement testing
Q. 406: Who should have technical and Business background.
A. Moderator
C. Reviewer
D. Recorder
Q. 408: Features to be tested, approach refinements and feature pass / fail criteria BUT excluding environmental needs should be specified in which document?
B. Test plan
C. Test procedure specification
Q. 409: Test basis documentation is analyzed in which phase of testing
A. Test Analysis
C. Test Execution
D. Test Planning
Q. 410: Which one is not the task of test leader?
A. Coordinate the test strategy and plan with project managers and others
B. Decide about the implementation of the test environment
C. Write test summary reports
D. Review and contribute to test plans
Q. 411: if (condition1 && (condition2 function1()))
statement1;
A. Decision coverage
B. Condition coverage
C. Statement coverage
D. Path Coverage
Q. 412: _________ reviews are often held with just the programmer who wrote the code and one or two other programmers or testers.
A. Formal Reviews
B. Peer Reviews
C. Semi Formal Reviews
Q. 413: In ________ testing test cases i.e input to the software are created based on the specifications languages
B. Random Testing
D. Penetration testing
Q. 414: Stochastic testing is an example of which test approach or strategy?
A. Model-based
B. Analytical
C. Methodical
D. Heuristic
Q. 415: Verification activities during design stages are
A. Reviewing and Inspecting
B. Inspecting and Testing
C. Reviewing and Testing
D. Reviewing, Inspecting and Testing.
Q. 416: Based on the IEEE Standard for Software test Documentation (IEEE Std 829-1998), which of the following sections is part of the test summary report?
a) Test summary and report identifier of Summary
c) Variances
d) Anomalies
e) Comprehensive assessment
A. a, b, e and f
B. a, b, c, d and f
C. a, b, c, e and f
D. a, b, c and f
Q. 417: What is the name of a temporary software component that is used to call another component for testing purposes?
A. Domain
B. Use case
C. Stub
D. Driver
Q. 418: Size of a project is defined in terms of all the following except
A. Person days
B. Person hours
C. Calendar months
Q. 419: Testing responsibilities:
Tester 1 Verify that the program is able to display images clearly on all 10 of the monitors in the lab
Tester 2 – Make sure the program instructions are easy to use Security concerns are important for which type of applications
Tester 3 Verify that the calculation module works correctly by using both scripts and ad hoc testing. Which term is used to refer to the testing that is performed by
Tester 3 in the above scenario?
A. Unit testing
B. Algorithm specific testing
C. Compatibility testing
D. Black box testing
Q. 420: Objective of review meeting is
A. To identify problems with design
B. To solve the problems with design
C. Both A. and B
Q. 421: QC is
A. Phase building activity
B. Intermediate activity
C. End of Phase activity
D. Design activity
Q. 422: Which tool store information about versions andbuilds of software and testware
A. Test Management tool
B. Requirements management tool
C. Configuration management tool
D. Static analysis too;
Q. 423: Testing Process comprised of
A. Test Plan and Test Cases
B. Test log and Test Status
C. Defect Tracking
Q. 424: Preparing and automating test cases before coding is called
A. Test first approach
B. Test-driven development
C. Both A. & B.
Q. 425: Which one is not characteristic of test management tool?
A. Support for the management of tests and the testing activities carried out
B. Interfaces to test execution tools
C. Quantitative analysis related to tests
D. Check for consistency and undefined requirements
Q. 426: Code Walkthrough
A. Type of dynamic testing
B. Type of static testing
C. Neither dynamic nor static
D. Performed by the testing team
Q. 427: Risk analysis talks about
A. The data required for testing, the infrastructure requirements to manage the data as well as the methods for preparing test data, requirements, converters and sources
B. Details what types of tests must be conducted, what stages of testing are required and outlines the sequence and timing of tests
C. A testing goal. It is a statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during a testing activity. These guide the development of test cases and procedures
Q. 428: What are the 2 major components taken into consideration with risk analysis?
A. The probability the negative event will occur
B. The potential loss or impact associated with the event
C. Both A. and B.
D. Neither A. nor B.
Q. 429: If the application is complex, but NOT data intensive and is to be tested on one configuration and 2 rounds, the easiest method to test is
A. Manual testing
B. Automation testing
C. Both
Q. 430: Which of the following are typical tester tasks?
A. Decide what should be automated, to what degree, and how.
B. Set up configuration management of testware; review tests developed by others.
C. Prepare and acquire test data; review tests developed by others.
D. Initiate the specification, preparation, implementation and execution of tests and monitor and control the execution.
Q. 431: Structural Testing
A. Same as black box testing
B. Same as white box testing
C. Same as functional testing
Q. 432: Which test approach uses all combinations of input values and preconditions?
A. Component testing
B. Error guessing
C. Keyword driven testing
Q. 433: Which technique describes process flows through a system based on its likely usage?
A. Data driven testing
C. Decision table testing
D. Use case testing
Q. 434: Regression testing mainly helps in
A. Re-testing fixed defects
B. Checking for side-effects of fixes
C. Checking the core gaps
D. Ensuring high level sanity
Q. 435: Review is one of the methods of V&V. The other methods are
C. Testing
Q. 436: Which review is inexpensive
A. Informal Review
D. Inspection
Q. 437: Following are some of the testing risks
A. Budget, Test environment
B. Budget, Number of qualified test resources
C. Budget, Number of qualified test resources, Test environment
Q. 438: Random Testing
A. Program is tested randomly sampling the input.
B. A black-box testing technique
Q. 439: Which of the following is TRUE when introducing a new tool into a test environment?
A. Changes to existing test processes should not be needed with the new tool.
B. A site license will be needed to reduce the cost per seat of the tool.
C. The tool should be rolled out as quickly as possible to maximize ROI.
D. Introducing the tool to the organization should start with a pilot project.
Q. 440: Reliability, usablility, efficiency are
A. Functional characteristics
B. Non functional characteristics
Q. 441: Test Plan
A. Road map for testing
B. Tells about the actual results and expected results
Q. 442: User Acceptance Testing
A. Same as Alpha Testing
B. Same as Beta Testing
C. Combination of Alpha and Beta Testing
Q. 443: Path coverage includes
A. Statement coverage
D. None of these
Q. 444: Which of the following demonstrates independence in testing?
J. Independent testers are external to the organization
K. Independent testers are part of the development team
L. Independent testers are from the user community
M. Programmers who wrote the code serve as independent testers
N. Customers who wrote the requirements serve as independent testers
A. J. L and N
B. J. K, L and N
C. K. M and N
D. J, L, M and N
Q. 445: Recovery testing is a system test that forces the software to fail and verifies that data recovery is properly performed. The following should be checked for correctness
1. Re-initialization
2. Restart
3. Data Recovery
4. Check Point Mechanism
A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2 and 3
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4
Q. 446: Data flow analysis studies:
A. Possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
B. The rate of change of data values as a program executes.
C. The use of data on paths through the code.
D. The intrinsic complexity of the code.
Q. 447: Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
B. Path testing
C. Data flow testing
D. State transition testing
Q. 448: Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
A. It allows the identification of changes in user requirements.
B. It facilitates timely set up of the test environment.
C. It reduces defect multiplication.
D. It allows testers to become involved early in the project.
Q. 449: Which test is usually run many times and generally evolve slowly?
C. Reliability testing
Q. 450: Alpha testing is:
A. Post-release testing by end user representatives at the developers site.
B. The first testing that is performed.
C. Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developers site.
D. Pre-release testing by end user representatives at their sites.
Q. 451: We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
A. Each test stage has a different purpose.
B. It is easier to manage testing in stages.
C. We can run different tests in different environments.
D. The more stages we have, the better the testing.
Q. 452: Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
A. Features to be tested
B. Incident reports
C. Risks
D. Schedule
Q. 453: What should be considered when introducing a tool into an organization?
A. Assessing the organizational maturity
B. Counting the number of systems to be tested
C. Calculating the ratio between programmers and testers
D. Reviewing the exit criteria of previous projects
Q. 454: Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
A. System tests are often performed by independent teams.
B. Functional testing is used more than structural testing.
C. Faults found during system tests can be very expensive to fix.
D. End-users should be involved in system tests.
Q. 455: Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
A. Syntax testing
C. Stress testing
D. Modified condition/decision coverage
Q. 456: Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
D. User acceptance testing
Q. 457: Which of the following is false?
A. Incidents should always be fixed.
B. An incident occurs when expected and actual results differ.
C. Incidents can be analysed to assist in test process improvement.
Q. 458: Which document specifies the execution order of test cases?
A. Test design specification
B. Test item
Q. 459: Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. A minimal test set that achieves 100% LCSAJ coverage will also achieve 100% branch coverage.
B. A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will also achieve 100% statement coverage.
C. A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% statement coverage.
D. A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage.
Q. 460: How are integration testing and use case testing similar and dissimilar?
A. Both checks for interactions: integration for components, use case for actions
B. Both are black-box techniques: integration is low-level, use case is high-level
C. Both are static testing: developers perform integration, users execute use case tests
C. Both are V&V techniques: integration is for validation, use case is for verification
Q. 461: What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
A. An inspection is lead by the author, whilst a walkthrough is lead by a trained moderator.
B. An inspection has a trained leader, whilst a walkthrough has no leader.
C. Authors are not present during inspections, whilst they are during walkthroughs.
D. A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator.
<<<<<< ===================>>>>>>
Q. 462: Which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of CAST?
Q. 463: Which of the following is NOT true of incidents?
A. Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
B. Incidents may be raised against user requirements.
C. Incidents require investigation and/or correction.
D. Incidents are raised when expected and actual results differ.
Q. 464: Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?
A. They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases.
B. They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then.
C. Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then.
D. Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix then.
Q. 465: Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT correct?
A. They are used to support multi-user testing.
B. They are used to capture and animate user requirements.
C. They are the most frequently purchased types of CAST tool.
D. They capture aspects of user behaviour.
Q. 466: Which of the following is true of the V-model?
A. It states that modules are tested against user requirements.
B. It only models the testing phase.
C. It specifies the test techniques to be used.
D. It includes the verification of designs.
Q. 467: Error guessing:
A. Supplements formal test design techniques.
B. Can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
C. Is only performed in user acceptance testing.
D. Is not repeatable and should not be used.
Q. 468: In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
An employee has 4000 of salary tax free. The next 1500 is taxed at 10%
The next 28000 is taxed at 22%
Any further amount is taxed at 40%
A. 4800; 14000; 28000
B. 5200; 5500; 28000
C. 28001; 32000; 35000
D. 5800; 28000; 32000
Q. 469: The oracle assumption:
A. Is that there is some existing system against which test output may be checked.
B. Is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
C. Is that the tester knows everything about the software under test.
D. Is that the tests are reviewed by experienced testers.
Q. 470: In prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to:
A. Find as many faults as possible.
B. Test high risk areas.
C. Obtain good test coverage.
D. Test whatever is easiest to test.
Q. 471: The most important thing about early test design is that it:
A. Makes test preparation easier.
B. Means inspections are not required.
C. Can prevent fault multiplication.
D. Will find all faults.
Q. 472: Which of the following are potential drawbacks of independence in testing?
01. Independent testers may feel they are not part of the development team
02. Developers may lose a sense of personal responsibility for quality
03. Project managers will not have as much control on the project
04. Customers may end up requesting features that are technically impossible
A. 01 and 02
B. 01, 02 and 03
C. 03 and 04
D. 01, 02, 03 and 04
Q. 473: Integration testing in the small:
A. Tests the individual components that have been developed.
B. Tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
C. Only uses components that form part of the live system.
D. Tests interfaces to other systems.
Q. 474: Which of the following requirements is testable?
A. The system shall be user friendly.
B. The safety-critical parts of the system s
all contain 0 faults.
C. The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
D. The system shall be built to be portable.
Q. 475: An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
A. Enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
B. Can be performed by the person who wrote the code.
C. Can be performed by inexperienced staff.
D. Are cheap to perform.
Q. 476: Test cases are designed during:
A. Test recording.
B. Test planning.
C. Test configuration.
D. Test specification.
Q. 477: A failure is:
A. Found in the software; the result of an error.
B. Departure from specified behaviour.
C. An incorrect step, process or data definition in a computer program.
D. A human action that produces an incorrect result.
Q. 478: How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
A. Metrics from previous similar projects
B. Discussions with the development team
C. Time allocated for regression testing
D. A. & B.
Q. 479: Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets?
v – Test control
w – Test monitoring
x – Test estimation
y – Incident management
z – Configuration control
1 – Calculation of required test resources
2 – Maintenance of record of test results
3 – Re-allocation of resources when tests overrun
4 – Report on deviation from test plan
5 – Tracking of anomalous test results
A. v-3,w-2,x-1,y-5,z-4
B. v-2,w-5,x-1,y-4,z-3
C. v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
D. v-2,w-1,x-4,y-3,z-5
An employee has 4000 of salary tax free. The next 1500 is taxed at 10% The next 28000 is taxed at 22%
To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?
B. 32001
C. 33501
D. 28000
Q. 481: Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
A. Test coverage criteria can be measured in terms of items exercised by a test suite.
B. A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of user requirements covered.
C. A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
D. Test coverage criteria are often used when specifying test completion criteria.
Q. 482: Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
IF the customer wants return
Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
IF the customer replies Cheap-day
Say: “That will be 11:20”
Say: “That will be 9:75”
Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
Q. 483: Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
A. To find faults in the software.
B. To assess whether the software is ready for release.
C. To demonstrate that the software doesnt work.
D. To prove that the software is correct.
Q. 484: Enough testing has been performed when:
A. Time runs out.
B. The required level of confidence has been achieved.
C. No more faults are found.
D. The users wont find any serious faults.
Q. 485: Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts?
A. Actual results
B. Program specification
C. User requirements
D. System specification
Q. 486: Which of the following are disadvantages of capturing tests by recording the actions of a manual tester?
i The script may be unstable when unexpected events occur.
ii Data for a number of similar tests is automatically stored separately from the script.
iii Expected results must be added to the captured script.
iv The captured script documents the exact inputs entered by the tester.
v When replaying a captured test, the tester may need to debug the script if it doesnt play correctly.
A. i, iii, iv, v.
B. ii, iv and v.
D. i and v.
Q. 487: Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any life cycle model?
A. All document reviews involve the development team.
B. Some, but not all, development activities have corresponding test activities.
C. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.
D. Analysis and design of tests begins as soon as development is complete.
Q. 488: The process of designing test cases consists of the following activities:
i. Elaborate and describe test cases in detail by using test design techniques.
ii. Specify the order of test case execution.
iii. Analyse requirements and specifications to determine test conditions.
iv. Specify expected results.
According to the process of identifying and designing tests, what is the correct order of these activities?
A. iii, i, iv, ii.
B. iii, iv, i, ii.
C. iii, ii, i, iv.
D. ii, iii, i, iv.
Q. 489: Which is the MOST important advantage of independence in testing?
A. An independent tester may find defects more quickly than the person who wrote the software.
B. An independent tester may be more focused on showing how the software works than the person who wrote the software.
C. An independent tester may be more effective and efficient because they are less familiar with the software than the person who wrote it.
D. An independent tester may be more effective at finding defects missed by the person who wrote the software.
Q. 490: Given the following specification, which of the following values for age are in the SAME equivalence partition?
If you are less than 18, you are too young to be insured. Between 18 and 30 inclusive, you will receive a 20% discount. Anyone over 30 is not eligible for a discount.
A. 17, 18, 19.
B. 29, 30, 31.
C. 18, 29, 30.
D. 17, 29, 31.
Q. 491: Consider the following statements:
i.100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
ii.100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
iii.100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
iv.100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
v.100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
B. i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
C. ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
D. ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False
Q. 492: What is the difference between a project risk and a product risk?
A. Project risks are potential failure areas in the software or system; product risks are risks that surround the projects capability to deliver its objectives.
B. Project risks are the risks that surround the projects capability to deliver its objectives; product risks are potential failure areas in the software or system.
C. Project risks are typically related to supplier issues, organizational factors and technical issues; product risks are typically related to skill and staff shortages.
D. Project risks are risks that delivered software will not work; product risks are typically related to supplier issues, organizational factors and technical issues.
Q. 493: During which fundamental test process activity do we determine if MORE tests are needed?
A Test implementation and execution.
B Evaluating test exit criteria.
C Test analysis and design.
D Test planning and control.
Q. 494: What is the MAIN purpose of a Master Test Plan?
A. To communicate how incidents will be managed.
B. To communicate how testing will be performed.
C. To produce a test schedule.
D. To produce a work breakdown structure.
Q. 495: Which of the following defines the sequence in which tests should be executed?
A. Test plan.
B. Test procedure specification.
C. Test case specification.
D. Test design specification.
Q. 496: Which of the following is a major task of test planning?
A. Determining the test approach.
B. Preparing test specifications.
C. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
Q. 497: What is the main purpose of impact analysis for testers?
A. To determine the programming effort needed to make the changes.
B. To determine what proportion of the changes need to be tested.
C. To determine how much the planned changes will affect users.
D. To determine how the existing system may be affected by changes.
An employee has 4000 of salary tax free.
The next 1500 is taxed at 10%.
The next 28000 after that is taxed at 22%.
Any further amount is taxed at 40%.
B. 33501.
D. 1500.
Q. 499: Which of the following tools is most likely to contain a comparator?
A. Dynamic Analysis tool.
B. Test Execution tool.
C. Static Analysis tool.
D. Security tool.
Q. 500: When software reliability measures are used to determine when to stop testing, the best types of test cases to use are those that
A. Exercise system functions in proportion to the frequency they will be used in the released product
B. Push the system beyond its designed operation limits and are likely to make the system fail
C. Exercise unusual and obscure scenarios that may not have been considered in design
D. Exercise the most complicated and the most error-prone portions of the system
Q. 501: Which of the following statements is MOST OFTEN true?
A. Source-code inspections are often used in component testing.
B. Component testing searches for defects in programs that are separately testable.
C. Component testing is an important part of user acceptance testing.
D. Component testing aims to expose problems in the interactions between software and hardware components.
Q. 502: Which of the following is an objective of a pilot project for the introduction of a testing tool?
A. Evaluate testers competence to use the tool.
B. Complete the testing of a key project.
C. Assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost.
D. Discover what the requirements for the tool are.
Q. 503: What is an informal test design technique where a tester uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests?
B. Exploratory testing
D. Decision table testing
Q. 504: Which of the following is determined by the level of product risk identified?
A. Extent of testing.
B. Scope for the use of test automation.
C. Size of the test team.
D. Requirement for regression testing.
Q. 505: When should testing be stopped?
A. When all the planned tests have been run
B. When time has run out
C. When all faults have been fixed correctly
D. It depends on the risks for the system being tested
Q. 506: Which of following statements is true? Select ALL correct options Regression testing should be performed:
i Once a month
ii When a defect has been fixed
iii When the test environment has changed
iv When the software has changed
A. ii and iv.
B. ii, iii and iv.
C. i, ii and iii.
D. i and iii.
Q. 507: The following statements are used to describe the basis for creating test cases using either black or white box techniques:
i Information about how the software is constructed.
ii Models of the system, software or components.
iii Analysis of the test basis documentation.
iv Analysis of the internal structure of the components.
Which combination of the statements describes the basis for black box techniques?
A. ii and iii.
B. ii and iv.
C. i and iv.
Q. 508: Which of the following requirements would be tested by a functional system test?
A. The system must be able to perform its functions for an average of 23 hours 50 mins per day.
B. The system must perform adequately for up to 30 users.
C. The system must allow a user to amend the address of a customer.
D. The system must allow 12,000 new customers per year.
Q. 509: Based on the error guessing test design technique, which of the following will an experienced tester MOST LIKELY test in calendar software?
i. First two letters of the month, e.g., MA can represent March or May
ii. First letter of the day, e.g., T can mean Tuesday or Thursday
iii. Leap year
iv. Number of days in a month
v. Three-digit days and months
A. i, ii, iv and v
B. iii and iv
D. i, ii and v
Q. 510: Which of the following are valid objectives for incident reports?
i. Provide developers and other parties with feedback about the problem to enable identification, isolation and correction as necessary.
ii. Provide ideas for test process improvement.
iii. Provide a vehicle for assessing tester competence.
iv. Provide testers with a means of tracking the quality of the system under test.
B. i, ii, iv.
D. ii, iii, iv.
Q. 511: What is the objective of debugging?
i To localise a defect.
ii To fix a defect.
iii To show value.
iv To increase the range of testing.
A. i, iii.
C. ii, iv.
D. i, ii.
Q. 512: Consider the following techniques. Which are static and which are dynamic techniques?
i. Equivalence Partitioning.
ii. Use Case Testing.
iii.Data Flow Analysis.
iv.Exploratory Testing.
v. Decision Testing.
vi Inspections.
A. i-iv are static, v-vi are dynamic.
B. iii and vi are static, i, ii, iv and v are dynamic.
C. ii, iii and vi are static, i, iv and v are dynamic.
D. vi is static, i-v are dynamic.
Q. 513: Given the following code, which statement is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage?
Q. 514: Which of the following is a benefit of independent testing?
A. Code cannot be released into production until independent testing is complete.
B. Testing is isolated from development.
C. Developers do not have to take as much responsibility for quality.
D. Independent testers see other and different defects, and are unbiased.
Q. 515: Which activity in the fundamental test process includes evaluation of the testability of the requirements and system?
A. Test analysis and design.
B. Test planning and control.
C. Test closure.
D. Test implementation and execution.
Q. 516: In which of the following orders would the phases of a formal review usually occur?
A. Planning, preparation, kick off, meeting, rework, follow up.
B. Kick off, planning, preparation, meeting, rework, follow up.
C. Preparation, planning, kick off, meeting, rework, follow up.
D. Planning, kick off, preparation, meeting, rework, follow up.
Q. 517: For testing, which of the options below best represents the main concerns of Configuration Management?
i. All items of testware are identified and version controlled;
ii. All items of testware are used in the final acceptance test;
iii. All items of testware are stored in a common repository;
iv. All items of testware are tracked for change;
v. All items of testware are assigned to a responsible owner;
vi. All items of testware are related to each other and to development items.
A. i, iv, vi.
B. ii, iii, v.
D. iv, v, vi.
Q. 518: Which of the following defines the scope of maintenance testing?
A. The coverage of the current regression pack.
B. The size and risk of any change(s) to the system.
C. The time since the last change was made to the system.
D. Defects found at the last regression test run.
Q. 519: What is typically the MOST important reason to use risk to drive testing efforts?
A. Because testing everything is not feasible.
B. Because risk-based testing is the most efficient approach to finding bugs.
C. Because risk-based testing is the most effective way to show value.
D. Because software is inherently risky.
Q. 520: Which of the following are valid objectives for testing?
i.To find defects.
ii.To gain confidence in the level of quality.
iii.To identify the cause of defects.
iv.To prevent defects.
A. i,ii, and iii.
D. i,iii and iv.
Q. 521: Which of the following will NOT be detected by static analysis?
A. Parameter type mismatches.
B. Errors in requirements.
C. Undeclared variables.
D. Uncalled functions.
Q. 522: Which of the following would be a valid measure of test progress?
A. Number of undetected defects.
B. Total number of defects in the product.
C. Number of test cases not yet executed.
D. Effort required to fix all defects.
To the nearest whole pound, which of these groups of numbers fall into three DIFFERENT equivalence classes?
A. 4000; 5000; 5500.
B. 32001; 34000; 36500.
C. 28000; 28001; 32001.
D. 4000; 4200; 5600.
Q. 524: Which of the following test activities can be automated?
i Reviews and inspections.
ii Metrics gathering.
iii Test planning.
iv Test execution.
v Data generation.
A. i, iii, iv.
B. i, ii, iii.
C. ii, iv, v.
D. ii, iii, v.
Q. 525: In a REACTIVE approach to testing when would you expect the bulk of the test design work to be begun?
A. After the software or system has been produced.
B. During development.
C. As early as possible.
D. During requirements analysis.
Q. 526: Which statement about expected outcomes is FALSE?
A. Expected outcomes are defined by the software’s behaviour
B. Expected outcomes are derived from a specification, not from the code
C. Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
D. Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times
Q. 527: Functional system testing is:
A. Testing that the system functions with other systems
B. Testing that the components that comprise the system function together
C. Testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole
D. Testing the system performs functions within specified response times
Q. 528: Which of the following items would not come under Configuration Management?
A. Operating systems
B. Test documentation
C. Live data
D. User requirement documents
Q. 529: What is NOT included in typical costs for an inspection process?
A. Setting up forms and databases
B. Analysing metrics and improving processes
C. Writing the documents to be inspected
D. Time spent on the document outside the meeting
Q. 530: Which of the following statements about component testing is FALSE?
A. Black box test design techniques all have an associated test measurement technique
B. White box test design techniques all have an associated test measurement technique
D. Black box test measurement techniques all have an associated test design technique
Q. 531: Which of the following is NOT a reasonable test objective:
A. To find faults in the software
B. To prove that the software has no faults
C. To give confidence in the software
D. To find performance problems
Q. 532: Which of the following uses Impact Analysis most?
B. Non-functional system testing
Q. 533: What type of review requires formal entry and exit criteria, including metrics:
A. Walkthrough
B. Inspection
C. Management review
D. Post project review
Q. 534: Maintenance means
A. Updating tests when the software has changed
B. Testing a released system that has been changed
C. Testing by users to ensure that the system meets a business need
D. Testing to maintain business advantage
Q. 535: A Test Plan Outline contains which of the following:-
i. Test Items
ii. Test Scripts
iii. Test Deliverables
iv. Responsibilities
C. ii,iii are true and i and iv are false
D. i,ii are false and iii , iv are true
Q. 536: All of the following might be done during unit testing except
A. Desk check
B. Manual support testing
C. Walkthrough
D. Compiler based testing
Q. 537: Which of the following is a requirement of an effective software environment?
I. Ease of use
II. Capacity for incremental implementation
III. Capability of evolving with the needs of a project
IV. Inclusion of advanced tools
A.I, II &III
B.I, II &IV
C.II, III&IV
D.I, III&IV
Q. 538: When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
B. Boundary value analysis
D. Hybrid analysis
Q. 539: The bug tracking system will need to capture these phases for each bug.
I. Phase injected
II. Phase detected
III. Phase fixed
IV. Phase removed
A. I, II and III
B. I, II and IV
C. II, III and IV
D. I, III and IV
Q. 540: Which of the following software change management activities is most vital to assessing the impact of proposed software modifications?
A. Baseline identification
B. Configuration auditing
C. Change control
D. Version control
Q. 541: A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements,or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
B. Big-Bang Testing
D. Unit Testing
Q. 542: You are the test manager and you are about the start the system testing. The developer team says that due to change in requirements they will be able to deliver the system to you for testing 5 working days after the due date. You can not change the resources( work hours, test tools, etc.) What steps you will take to be able to finish the testing in time.
A. Tell to the development team to deliver the system in time so that testing activity will be finish in time.
B. Extend the testing plan, so that you can accommodate the slip going to occur
C. Rank the functionality as per risk and concentrate more on critical functionality testing
D. Add more resources so that the slippage should be avoided
Q. 543: There is one application, which runs on a single terminal. There is another application that works on multiple terminals. What are the test techniques you will use on the second application that you would not do on the first application?
A. Integrity, Response time
B. Concurrency test, Scalability
C. Update & Rollback, Response time
D. Concurrency test, Integrity
Q. 544: Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
D. Equivalence partitioning
Q. 545: Which of the following assertions about code coverage are correct?
A. Statement coverage usually requires more test case suites
B. 100 % statement coverage guarantees 100 % decision coverage
C. 100 % decision coverage implies 100 % statement coverage
D. Decision tables cannot be used to list statement coverage values
Q. 546: Which of the following statements is true about white-box testing?
A. It includes functional testing
B. It includes loop testing
C. It is usually done after black-box testing
D. It is usually done during the integration testing phase
Q. 547: The tracing of requirements for a test level through the layers of a test documentation done by
A. Horizontal tracebility
B. Depth tracebility
C. Vertical tracebility
D. Horizontal & Vertical tracebilities
Q. 548: How many test cases are needed to achieve 100 % condition coverage?
Q. 549: Big bang approach is related to
B. Inter system testing
C. Re-testing
Q. 550: Which of the following statements is true about a software verification and validation program?
I. It strives to ensure that quality is built into software.
II. It provides management with insights into the state of a software project.
III. It ensures that alpha, beta, and system tests are performed.
IV. It is executed in parallel with software development activities.
A. I, II&III
B.II, III&IV
C.I, II&IV
Q. 551: An expert based test estimation is also known as
A. Narrow band Delphi
B. Wide band Delphi
C. Bespoke Delphi
D. Robust Delphi
Q. 552: A test harness is a
A. A high level document describing the principles, approach and major objectives of the organization regarding testing
B. A distance set of test activities collected into a manageable phase of a project
C. A test environment comprised of stubs and drives needed to conduct a test
D. A set of several test cases for a component or system under test
Q. 553: Be bugging is known as
A. Preventing the defects by inspection
B. Fixing the defects by debugging
C. Adding known defects by seeding
D. A process of fixing the defects by tester
Q. 554: A project manager has been transferred to a major software development project that is in the implementation phase. The highest priority for this project manager should be to
A. Establish a relationship with the customer
B. Learn the project objectives and the existing project plan
C. Modify the project s organizational structure to meet the managers management style
D. Ensure that the project proceeds at its current pace
Q. 555: This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks This statement is best suited for
A. Water fall model
B. Spiral model
C. Incremental model
D. V-Model
Q. 556: Which of the following characteristics is primarily associated with software reusability?
A. The extent to which the software can be used in other applications
B. The extent to which the software can be used by many different users
C. The capability of the software to be moved to a different platform
D. The capability of one system to be coupled with another system
Q. 557: Which of the following functions is typically supported by a software quality information system?
I. Record keeping
II. System design
III. Evaluation scheduling
IV. Error reporting
A.I, II&III
B.II, III &IV
C.I, III &IV
D.I, II & IV
Q. 558: System test can begin when?
I. The test team competes a three day smoke test and reports on the results to the system test phase entry meeting
II. The development team provides software to the test team 3 business days prior to starting of the system testing
III. All components are under formal, automated configuration and release management control
Q. 559: Defect Density calculated in terms of
A. The number of defects identified in a component or system divided by the size of the component or the system
B. The number of defects found by a test phase divided by the number found by that test phase and any other means after wards
C. The number of defects identified in the component or system divided by the number of defects found by a test phase
D. The number of defects found by a test phase divided by the number found by the size of the system
Q. 560: Test charters are used in ________ testing
D. Maintainability testing
Q. 561: Item transmittal report is also known as
A. Incident report
B. Release note
C. Review report
D. Audit report
Q. 562: COTS is known as
A. Commercial off the shelf software
B. Compliance of the software
C. Change control of the software
D. Capable off the shelf software
Q. 563: Change request should be submitted through development or program management. A change request must be written and should include the following criteria.
I. Definition of the change
II. Documentation to be updated
III. Name of the tester or developer
IV. Dependencies of the change request.
Q. 564: Change X requires a higher level of authority than Change Y in which of the following pairs? Change X Change Y
A. Code in development Code in production
B. Specifications during requirements analysis Specifications during systems test
C. Documents requested by the technical development group Documents requested by customers
D. A product distributed to several sites A product with a single user
Q. 565: Cause effect graphing is related to the standard
A. BS7799
B. BS 7925/2
C. ISO/IEC 926/1
D. ISO/IEC 2382/1
Q. 566: The primary goal of comparing a user manual with the actual behavior of the running program during system testing is to
A. Find bugs in the program
B. Check the technical accuracy of the document
C. Ensure the ease of use of the document
D. Ensure that the program is the latest version
Q. 567: During the testing of a module tester X finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that its not a bug. What X should do?
A. Report the issue to the test manager and try to settle with the developer.
B. Retest the module and confirm the bug
C. Assign the same bug to another developer
D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
Q. 568: One of the more daunting challenges of managing a test project is that so many dependencies converge at test execution. One missing configuration file or hard ware device can render all your test results meaning less. You can end up with an entire platoon of testers sitting around for days. Who is responsible for this incident?
A. Test managers faults only
B. Test lead faults only
C. Test manager and project manager faults
D. Testers faults only
Q. 569: You are a tester for testing a large system. The system data model is very large with many attributes and there are a lot of inter dependencies with in the fields. What steps would you use to test the system and also what are the efforts of the test you have taken on the test plan
A. Improve super vision, More reviews of artifacts or program means stage containment of the defects.
B. Extend the test plan so that you can test all the inter dependencies
C. Divide the large system in to small modules and test the functionality
D. Test the interdependencies first, after that check the system as a whole
Q. 570: Testing of software used to convert data from existing systems for use in replacement systems
B. Migration testing
C. Configuration testing
D. Back to back testing
Q. 571: A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is
A. Test automater, web specialist, DBA, test lead
B. Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA
C. Tester, test lead, test automater, DBA
D. Tester, web specialist, test lead, test automater
Q. 572: What type of risk includes potential failure areas in the software?
A. Probed risks
B. Product risks
C. Economic risks
D. Requirements risks
Q. 573: Consider the following statements
i. A incident may be closed without being fixed
ii. Incidents may not be raised against documentation
iii. The final stage of incident tracking is fixing
iv. The incident record does not include information on test environments
v. Incidents should be raised when someone other than the author of the software performs the test
A. ii and v are true, I, iii and iv are false
B. i and v are true, ii, iii and iv are false
C. i, iv and v are true, ii and iii are false
D. i and ii are true, iii, iv and v are false
E. i is true, ii, iii, iv and v are false
Q. 574: Which test suite will check for an invalid transition using the diagram below?
A. S0-S1-S2-S3-S1-S4
B. S0-S1-S4-S1-S2-S3
C. S0-S1-S3-S1-S2-S1
D. S0-S1-S2-S3-S1-S2
Q. 575: Who OFTEN performs system testing and acceptance testing, respectively?
A. Senior programmers and professional testers
B. Technical system testers and potential customers
C. Independent test team and users of the system
D. Development team and customers of the system
Q. 576: Which test levels are USUALLY included in the common type of V-model?
A. Integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing
B. Component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing
C. Incremental testing, exhaustive testing, exploratory testing, and data driven testing
D. Alpha testing, beta testing, black-box testing, and white-box testing
Q. 577: Which general testing principles are characterized by the descriptions below?
W) Early testing
X) Defect clustering
Y) Pesticide paradox
Z) Absence-of-errors fallacy
1) Testing should start at the beginning of the project
2) Conformance to requirements and fitness for use
3) Small Number of modules contain the most defects
4) Test cases must be regularly renewed and revised
A. W1, X2, Y3, and Z4
B. W1, X3, Y4, and Z2
C. W2, X3, Y1, and Z4
D. W1, X4, Y2, and Z3
Q. 578: How are (a) static analysis tools and (b) performance testing tools different?
A. (a) helps in enforcing coding standards; (b) tests system performance
B. (a) analyzes security vulnerabilities; (b) measures the effectiveness of test cases
C. (a) prepares codes prior to testing; (b) prepares codes prior to stress testing
D. (a) highlights unreachable conditions; (b) improves system performance
Q. 579: In an Examination a candidate has to score minimum of 24 marks in order to clear the exam. The maximum that he can score is 40 marks. Identify the Valid Equivalence values if the student clears the exam.
a) 22,23,26
b) 21,39,40
c) 29,30,31
d) 0,15,22
Q. 580: Which of the following describe test control actions that may occur during testing?
I. Setting an entry criterion that developers must retest fixes before fixes are accepted into a build.
II. Changing the test schedule due to availability of a test environment.
III. Re-prioritizing tests when development delivers software late
Indian Resident?
Age between 18-55
Issue Membership?
Offer 10% discount?
A.TC1: Anand is a 32 year old married, residing in Kolkatta.
B.TC3: Attapattu is a 65 year old married person, residing in Colombo.
A. A Issue membership, 10% discount, BIssue membership, offer no discount.
B. A Dont Issue membership, B Dont offer discount.
C. A Issue membership, no discount, B Dont Issue membership.
D. A Issue membership, no discount, B- Issue membership with 10% discount.
Evaluation of different options:
For TC1: follow the path in green color
(The person is Indian resident, so select only True options.
The person is aged between 18-55, so select only True
The person is a married, so again select only True
For this person, the actions under Rule 4′ will be applied. That is, issue membership and no discount)
For TC3: follow the path in blue color
(The person is not Indian resident, so select only False (under Rule 1)
The person is not aged between 18-55. No need to select any path, as it is written Dont care.
The person is married. No need to select any path, as it is written Dont care.
For this person, the actions under Rule1′ will be applied, That is, Dont issue membership and no discount.)
A.In a system two different failures may have different severities.
B. A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
C. A fault need not affect the reliability of a system.
D. Undetected errors may lead to faults and eventually to incorrect behavior.
Q. 584: A testing process that is conducted to test new features after regression testing of previous features.
A. Operational testing
B. Progressive testing
Q. 585:Identify out of the following, which are the attributes of cost of faults?
A. These are cheapest to detect during early phases of development & becomes more & more expensive to fix in the later phases.
B. Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix then.
C.Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then.
D. They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then.
Q. 586: What is non-functional testing?
A.Testing an integrated system to verify that it meets specified requirements
B.Testing the internal structure of the system to ensure its built correctly
C.Testing the way the system works without regard to the level of test
D.Testing characteristics such as usability or reliability
Q. 587: Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
A.Boundary value analysis
D. Security testing
Q. 588: Which of the following statements about decision tables are TRUE?
I. Decision tables are useful when dealing with multiple inputs that do not interact.
II. The strength of a decision table is that it creates combinations of inputs that might not otherwise been evaluated.
III. Decision tables are useful when trying to capture system requirements that contain logical conditions.
IV. Each column of a decision table corresponds to a business rule that defines a unique combination of conditions.
A.II, III and IV
B.I and IV
C.I, II and III
D.I and III
Q. 589: Which of the following are metrics (measurements) that a test group may use to monitor progress?
I. Subjective confidence of the testers in the product
II. The number of testers currently testing
III. Percentage of planned test cases prepared
Defects found and fixed
C. I, II and IV
Q. 590: A test case has which of the following elements?
A. A test environment description and test instructions.
B. A set of inputs, execution preconditions, and expected outcomes.
C. A test plan, test inputs, and logging instructions.
D. Execution instructions and a function description to determine correct outcome.
Q. 591: Which of the following is a fundamental principle of software defect prevention?
A. Software quality engineering must evaluate all errors.
B. A balance of white-box and black-box testing is necessary.
C. A single root cause taxonomy should be used by all projects.
D. Feedback to the individuals who introduced the defect is essential.
A. Push the system beyond its designed operation limits and are likely to make the system fail
B. Exercise unusual and obscure scenarios that may not have been considered in design
C. Exercise system functions in proportion to the frequency they will be used in the released product
Q. 593: Which of the following statements about static analysis is FALSE?
A. Static analysis can find defects that are likely to be missed by dynamic testing.
B. Static analysis is a good way to force failures in the software.
C. Static analysis tools examine code or other types of product documentation.
D. Static analysis can result in cost saving by finding bugs early.
A. It includes functional testing.
B. It includes loop testing.
C. It is usually done after black-box testing.
D. It is usually done during the integration testing phase.
Q. 595: A set of behavioral and performance requirements which, in aggregate, determine the functional properties of a software system.
A. Functional requirement
B. Functional specifications
C. Functional test cases
Q. 596: Which of the following provides the test group with the ability to reference all documents and software items unambiguously?
A. Agile testing methodology
B. Effective use of tools
C. Configuration management
D. Requirements traceability matrix
Q. 597: Which of the following is not a job responsibility of a software tester?
A. Identifying test cases
B. Preparing test data
C. Executing tests
D. Writing the functional specifications
Q. 598: Which of the following are Black Box test design techniques?
I. Boundary value analysis
II. Branch condition testing
III. Equivalence partitioning
IV. State transition testing.
A. I, II, III and IV
Q. 599: Which of the following are test management tool capabilities?
I. The enforcement of coding standards.
II. Support for requirements traceability activities.
III. The generation of testing progress reports
IV. Generation of test process improvement information.
Q. 600: Errors that are cosmetic in nature are usually assigned a ______ severity level.
A. Fatal (Severity)
B. Low (Severity)
C. Serious (Severity)
D. Not Serious at all
A. The objective of testing is always to find defects by causing failures when executing.
B. Test activities end after the tests are executed and deviations are documented.
C. The true level of quality cannot be learned by dynamic testing.
D. Both dynamic and static testing can be used to achieve similar objectives.
Q. 602: Which activities are included in the Test Analysis and Design phase?
A. Design of test cases that verify that user functions are correct.
B. The design of test cases for testing the internal structure of the system.
C. Test case design that is based on an analysis of the behavior of the component without reference to its internal workings.
D. The design of test cases to ensure that the organization has defined exactly what the customer wants.
Q. 603: Which type of document might be reviewed at a Review/Inspection session?
A. Employee performance review
D. Defect Tracking Form
Q. 604: Which of the following statements are true about component testing?
I. Structural testing is rarely done during component testing.
II. The test basis for component testing is often the code.
III. Defects are tracked throughout component testing.
IV. Robustness testing may be a part of component testing.
V. The component testing environment should be as much like production as possible.
B. II
D. I, III and V
Q. 605: Which activities are included in Test Analysis and Design? TOO SIMILAR TO 56????
A. Developing test procedures, identifying test data, developing test harnesses, identifying required tools.
B. Reviewing the test basis, identifying test conditions, identifying test data, and designing the environment set-up.
C. Reviewing requirements, determining the test approach, designing and prioritizing test cases.
D. Evaluating test object testability, verifying the test environment set up, identifying required infrastructure.
A. Testers cannot help developers improve their skills through good defect documentation.
B. People align their plans with objectives set by management if they understand them.
C. Testing is a constructive activity when seen in the management of product risks.
D. Avoiding the author bias is a good reason to have an independent test group.
Q. 607: Which of the following are major test documents? (choose the best answer)
1) Test plan
2) Test case
3) Test design
4) Test procedure
5) Defect report
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 1, 3, 4, and 5
Q. 608: What do walkthroughs, technical reviews and inspections have in common?
I. They have defect finding as an objective.
II. Pre-meeting preparation is required.
III. They can be performed as a peer review.
IV. The meeting is led by a trained moderator.
C. I and III
D. II, III and IV
Q. 609: Which of the following is a risk of using a test execution tool based on record and playback?
A. The ability to run automated scripts unattended may require increased hardware capacity.
B. Testers may be tempted to create too many automated test scripts.
C. Manual testers may be replaced by the tool and not be available when needed.
D. Automated scripts may be unstable when encountering unexpected events.
Q. 610: Which of the following statements are true for the equivalence partitioning test technique?
I. Divides possible inputs into classes that have the same behavior
II. Can be used to create both positive and negative test cases
III. Makes use of only positive test cases for the equivalence partitions
IV. Must always include at least two values from every equivalence partition
V. Can be used only for input testing
B. I, II and V
D. I and V
Q. 611: The use of test automation would provide the best return on investment for which of the following?
Q. 612: Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Component integration testing tests the interactions between different systems and is done after component testing.
B. Component integration testing tests the interactions between different systems and may be done after system testing.
C. Component integration testing tests the interactions between software components and is done during acceptance testing.
D. Component integration testing tests the interactions between software components and is done after component testing.
Q. 613: Which of the following can be used to measure progress against the exit criteria?
W. Number of test cases that passed or failed
X. Number of detects found in a unit of code
Y. Dates for milestones and deliverables
Z. Subjective confidence of testers in the product
A. W, X, Y and Z
B. W, X and Y
Q. 615: The best time to influence the quality of a system design is in the _______.
A. Planning Phase
B. Analysis Phase
C. Design Phase
Q. 616: Which combination of p, q and r values will ensure 100 % statement coverage?
r = r + 1;
if (r < 5) {
s = 10;
A. p=5,q=5,r=5
p=5,q=4,r=-1
B. p=5,q=1,r=3
p=4,q=4,r=5
C. p=3,q=3,r=3
p=-1,q=-2,r=3
D. p=-1,q=-1,r=0
p= -2, q= -1,r=0
Q. 617: Which of the following BEST describes the task partition between test manager and tester?
A. The test manager plans, organizes and creates the test specifications, while the tester implements, prioritizes and executes tests.
B. The test manager plans, monitors and controls the testing activities, while the tester designs, executes tests and evaluates the results.
C. The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be followed, while the tester chooses the tools and controls their use.
D. The test manager reviews tests developed by others, while the tester selects tools to support testing.
Q. 618: Which of the following might be a concern of a test group relying on a test design tool?
A. The tool may not generate sufficient tests for verifying all aspects of the test object.
B. The tools playback function may not work the same for all testers workstations.
C. The tool might take too much time to run, putting the schedule at jeopardy.
D. The tools test logs may require that the test group upgrade the server memory
Q. 619: Which of the following statements about the benefits of deriving test cases from use cases are true?
I. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for system and acceptance testing.
II. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful only for automated testing
III. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for unit testing.
IV. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for testing the interaction and interference between different components.
B. I and II.
D. I and IV
Q. 620: In a formal inspection process, which is TRUE?
A. Failures can be found when the correct inspectors are included.
B. Metrics are included in the inspection process.
C. The checking rate is related to the number of pages of the inspected document.
D. Its purpose is to get some benefit in an inexpensive way.
Q. 621: The test strategy that is informal and non structured is:
B. Validation strategy
C. White box testing
D. Ad hoc testing
Q. 622: The test strategy that involves understanding the program logic is:
B. White box testing
C. Black box testing
D. Boundary strategy
Q. 623: Which of the following details would most likely be included in an incident report?
I. Identification of the test item (configuration item) and environment.
II. Development process characteristics such as organization stability and test process used.
III. A review of the test basis, such as requirements, architecture, design, interfaces.
IV. Scope or degree of the impact on the stakeholders interests.
A. I, II and III.
B. II and III.
D. III and IV.
Q. 624: What is the main focus of System Testing?
A. Communications between the system and other systems.
B. Ensuring that the system is fit for business purpose.
C. The defined behavior of the whole system or product.
D. The defined behavior of the whole system or product.
Q. 625: Which of the following is NOT a test planning activity?
A. Selecting test conditions based on an analysis of the test object.
B. Scheduling test analysis and design, implementation and execution activities.
C. Assigning resources for the activities to be performed.
D. Making decisions about which roles will perform the test activities and setting the level of detail for the test procedures.
Q. 626: The programs send bad data to devices, ignore error codes coming back, and try to use devices that are busy or arent there. This is a:
A. Calculation error
B. Functional error
C. Hardware error
D. System error
E. User Interface error
Q. 627: Which of the following are included as part of static testing (manual and automated)?
A. Inspections, execution of the software, and walkthroughs.
B. Inspections, walkthroughs, and comparison of expected to actual results.
C. Inspection of work products and analysis of software artifacts using tools.
D. Walkthroughs, simulation, and defect tracking.
Q. 628: If a system is not functioning as documented and the data is not corrupted. What priority and measure are assigned?
A. Priority 1: Critical
B. Priority 2: High
C. Priority 3: Medium
D. Priority 4: Low
Q. 631: For the following piece of code, how many test cases are needed to get 100% statement coverage?
Procedure XRead (Color) // Input color from user
IF (Color == Red) THEN
Call Roses(Color)
ELSEIF (Color == Blue) THEN
Call Violets(Color)
PRINT User is no Shakespeare
SaveToDatabase(Color)
End Procedure X
Q. 632: What is the actual and potential result when a human being makes a mistake while writing code?
I. A bug
II. A failure
III. A fault
IV. An error
V. A defect
C. V only
Q. 633: What test document contains all the information about a specific test case, including requirements and the modules to be tested?
A. Test plan
B. Test case specification
C. Test design specification
D. Test procedure
E. Defect report
Q. 634: Even though a test that once revealed many defects is part of the regression suite, no new test cases have been created for the module under test in a long time. What test principle is the QA team forgetting?
A. Absence-of-errors fallacy
D. Early testing
Q. 635: Which best describes an analytical approach to testing?
A. Testing is directed to areas of greatest risk.
B. Testers study industry standards and base their testing on that analysis.
C. Test analysis, execution and evaluation are concurrent tasks.
D. ISO 9126 is used to guide the non-functional testing effort.
Q. 636: Which of the following are most likely to enhance the formal review process?
I. Review software work products as soon as they are available and reasonably mature.
II. Ensure that reviewers have clear, predefined objectives.
III. Exclude customers, managers, and outside experts to minimize impact on problem solving.
IV. Make use of checklists during the review to drive the process and aid reviewers.
V. Conduct reviews just before coding and dynamic testing begins to find defects early and minimize costs of extra reviews.
A. I, III and V
C. II, IV and V
Q. 637: Which of the following is TRUE of Alpha Testing?
A. It is performed by potential or existing customers.
B. It also referred to as field testing.
C. It is performed by customers at their own locations.
D. Developers execute the tests.
Q. 638: Which of the following are general risks of using test-support tools during the testing process?
I. Underestimating the amount of time needed to learn the tool.
II. Ease of access to information about tests will be decreased.
III. There will be an increase in repetitive work for testers.
IV. Having unrealistic expectations for test-support tools.
V. Using test-support tools when manual testing would better serve.
A. I and V
B. I, IV and V
C. III, IV and V
Q. 639: Which of the following is a dynamic analysis tool?
A. Test comparator
B. Database model checker
C. Coverage measurement tool
D. Memory leak detector
I. Regression testing and acceptance testing are alternative terms for the same thing.
II. Regression tests show that all faults have been resolved.
III. Regression tests are a good candidate for automation.
IV. Regression tests are executed to determine if side-effects have been introduced through changes to the code.
V. Regression tests are primarily performed in integration testing.
A. I, III, IV and V.
B. III and IV.
C. I, III and V.
D. II and V.
Q. 641: A company recently purchased a commercial off-the-shelf application to automate their bill paying process. They now plan to run an acceptance test against the package prior to putting it into production.
Which of the following is their most likely reason for testing?
A. To build confidence in the application.
B. To detect bugs in the application.
C. To gather evidence for a lawsuit.
D. To train the users.
Q. 642: According to the ISTQB Glossary, the word bug is synonymous with which of the following words?
A. Incident
B. Defect
C. Mistake
D. Error
Q. 643: According to the ISTQB Glossary, a risk relates to which of the following?
A. Negative feedback to the tester.
B. Negative consequences that will occur.
C. Negative consequences that could occur.
D. Negative consequences for the test object.
Q. 644: Ensuring that test design starts during the requirements definition phase is important to enable which of the following test objectives?
A. Preventing defects in the system.
B. Finding defects through dynamic testing.
C. Gaining confidence in the system.
D. Finishing the project on time.
Q. 645: A test team consistently finds between 90% and 95% of the defects present in the system under test. While the test manager understands that this is a good defect-detection percentage for her test team and industry, senior management and executives remain disappointed in the test group, saying that the test team misses too many bugs. Given that the users are generally happy with the system and that the failures which have occurred have generally been low impact, which of the following testing principles is most likely to help the test manager explain to these managers and executives why some defects are likely to be missed?
A. Exhaustive testing is impossible
D. Absence-of-errors fallacy
Q. 646: According to the ISTQB Glossary, regression testing is required for what purpose?
A. To verify the success of corrective actions.
B. To prevent a task from being incorrectly considered completed.
C. To ensure that defects have not been introduced by a modification.
D. To motivate better unit testing by the programmers.
Q. 647: Which of the following is most important to promote and maintain good relationships between testers and developers?
A. Understanding what managers value about testing.
B. Explaining test results in a neutral fashion.
C. Identifying potential customer work-arounds for bugs.
D. Promoting better quality software whenever possible.
Q. 648: Which of the statements below is the best assessment of how the test principles apply across the test life cycle?
A. Test principles only affect the preparation for testing.
B. Test principles only affect test execution activities.
C. Test principles affect the early test activities such as review.
D. Test principles affect activities throughout the test life cycle.
Q. 649: Using an error guessing test design technique to convert temperature (Celsius to Fahrenheit, and Fahrenheit to Celsius), experienced testers will MOST LIKELY use which set of test data?
A. -1, 0, 89.6 and 212
B. -40, 37.78, and 100
C. -1, 0, 1 and 37.78
D. -40, 0, 32 and 100
Q. 650: Which option best describes objectives for test levels with a life cycle model?
A. Objectives should be generic for any test level.
B. Objectives are the same for each test level.
C. The objectives of a test level don’t need to be defined in advance.
D. Each level has objectives specific to that level.
Q. 651: Which of the following is a test type?
Q. 652: Which of the following
is a non-functional quality characteristic?
A. Feasibility
D. Regression
Q. 653: Which of these is a functional test?
A. Measuring response time on an on-line booking system.
B. Checking the effect of high volumes of traffic in a call-center system.
C. Checking the on-line bookings screen information and the database contents against the information on the letter to the customers.
D. Checking how easy the system is to use.
Q. 654: Which of the following is a true statement regarding the process of fixing emergency changes?
A. There is no time to test the change before it goes live, so only the best developers should do this work and should not involve testers as they slow down the process.
B. Just run the retest of the defect actually fixed.
C. Always run a full regression test of the whole system in case other parts of the system have been adversely affected.
D. Retest the changed area and then use risk assessment to decide on a reasonable subset of the whole regression test to run in case other parts of the system have been adversely affected.
A. Is only run once.
B. Will always be automated.
C. Will check unchanged areas of the software to see if they have been affected.
D. Will check changed areas of the software to see if they have been affected.
Q. 656: Non-functional testing includes:
A. Testing to see where the system does not function correctly.
B. Testing the quality attributes of the system including reliability and usability.
C. Gaining user approval for the system.
D. Testing a system feature using only the software required for that function.
Q. 657: Which of the following artifacts can be examined by using review techniques?
A. Software code
B. Requirements specification
C. Test designs
Q. 658: Which statement about the function of a static analysis tool is true?
A. Gives quality information about the code without executing it.
B. Checks expected results against actual results.
C. Can detect memory leaks.
D. Gives information about what code has and has not been exercised.
Q. 659: Which is not a type of review?
C. Informal review
D. Management approval
Q. 660: What statement about reviews is true?
A. Inspections are led by a trained moderator, whereas technical reviews are not necessarily.
B. Technical reviews are led by a trained leader, inspections are not.
C. In a walkthrough, the author does not attend.
D. Participants for a walkthrough always need to be thoroughly trained.
Q. 661: Which of the following faults can be found by a static analysis tool?
I. Incorrect branch conditions logic.
II. Variables which are used after being defined.
III. Variables which are defined but never used.
IV. Standards violations
V. Illegal calls to routines
A. III, IV and V
B. I, II, III and IV
D. II, III, IV and V
Q. 662: Which of the following characteristics and types of review processes belong together?
1. Led by the author
2. Undocumented
3. No management participation
4. Led by a trained moderator or leader
5. Uses entry and exit criteria
s. Inspection
t. Technical review
u. Informal review
v. Walkthrough
A. s = 4, t = 3, u = 2 and 5, v = 1
B. s = 4 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 1
C. s = 1 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 4
D. s = 5, t = 4, u = 3, v = 1 and 2
Q. 663: What statement about static analysis is true?
A. With static analysis, defects can be found that are difficult to find with dynamic testing.
B. Compiling is not a form of static analysis.
C. When properly performed, static analysis makes functional testing redundant.
D. Static analysis finds all faults.
Q. 664: Which of the following statements about early test design are true and which are false?
1. Defects found during early test design are more expensive to fix.
2. Early test design can find defects.
3. Early test design can cause changes to the requirements.
4. Early test design takes more effort.
A. 1 and 3 are true. 2 and 4 are false.
B. 2 is true. 1, 3 and 4 are false.
C. 2 and 3 are true. 1 and 4 are false.
D. 2, 3 and 4 are true. 1 is false.
Q. 665: Static code analysis typically identifies all but one of the following problems. Which is it?
A. Unreachable code
B. Undeclared variables
C. Faults in the requirements
D. Too few comments
Q. 666: In which document described in IEEE 829 would you find instructions for the steps to be taken for a test including set-up, logging, environment and measurement?
D. Test procedure specification
Q. 667: With a highly experienced tester with a good business background, which approach to defining test procedures would be effective and most efficient for a project under severe time pressure?
A. A high-level outline of the test conditions and general steps to take.
B. Every step in the test spelled out in detail.
C. A high-level outline of the test conditions with the steps to take discussed in detail with another experienced tester.
D. Detailed documentation of all test cases and careful records of each step taken in the testing.
Q. 668: Put the test cases that implement the following test conditions into the best order for the test execution schedule, for a test that is checking modifications of customers on a database.
1. Print modified customer record.
2. Change customer address: house number and street name.
3. Capture and print the on-screen error message.
4. Change customer address: postal code.
5. Confirm existing customer is on the database by opening that record.
6. Close the customer record and close the database.
7. Try to add a new customer with no details at all.
A. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 7, 6
B. 4, 2, 5,1, 6, 7, 3
C. 5, 4, 2, 1, 7, 3, 6
D. 5,1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6
Q. 669: Why are both specification-based and structure-based testing techniques useful?
A. They find different types of defect.
B. Using more techniques is always better.
C. Both find the same types of defect.
D. Because specifications tend to be unstructured.
Q. 670: What is a key characteristic of structure-based testing techniques?
A. They are mainly used to assess the structure of a specification.
B. They are used both to measure coverage and to design tests to increase coverage.
C. They are based on the skills and experience of the tester.
D. They use a formal or informal model of the software or component.
Q. 671: Which of the following would be an example of decision-table testing for a financial application applied at the system-test level?
A. A table containing rules for combinations of inputs to two fields on a screen.
B. A table containing rules for interfaces between components.
C. A table containing rules for mortgage applications.
D. A table containing rules for chess.
<<<<<<=================== >>>>>>
Q. 672: Which of the following could be a coverage measure for state transition testing?
V. All states have been reached.
W. The response time for each transaction is adequate.
X. Every transition has been exercised.
Y. All boundaries have been exercised.
Z. Specific sequences of transitions have been exercised.
A. X, Y and Z
B. V, X, Y and Z
C. W,X and Y
D. V, X and Z
2. Version level of the test items
3. Inputs
7. Dale and time
A. a: 1; b: 2 and 7; c: 3, 4 and 5; d: 6
B. a: 1; b: 6 and 7; c. 3, 4 and 5; d: 7
C. a: 1; b: 2; c: 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
D. a: 1; b: 6 and 7: c: 3, 4 and 5
Q. 674: Which of the following could be used to assess the coverage achieved for specification based (black-box) test techniques?
V. Decision outcomes exercised
W. Partitions exercised
X. Boundaries exercised
Y. State transitions exercised
Z. Statements exercised
A. Y, W, Y, or Z
B. W, X or Y
C. V, X or Z
D. W, X, Y or Z
Q. 675: Which of the following is a potential pilot project objective when introducing a test support tool into an organization?
A. Measuring the satisfaction of management for staying within scope
B. Assessing whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost
C. Receiving compliments from the users on the aesthetic aspects of the tool
D. Reducing the amount of overtime need to finish the project on time
Q. 676: Use case testing is useful for which of the following?
P. Designing acceptance tests with users or customers.
Q. Making sure that the mainstream business processes are tested.
R. Finding defects in the interaction between components.
S. Identifying the maximum and minimum values for every input field.
T. Identifying the percentage of statements exercised by a sets of tests.
A. P, Q and R
B. Q, S and T
C. P,Q and S
D. R, S and T
Q. 677: Which of the following statements about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is correct?
A. 100% decision coverage is achieved if statement coverage is greater than 90%.
B. 100% statement coverage is achieved if decision coverage is greater than 90%.
C. 100% decision coverage always means 100% statement coverage.
D. 100% statement coverage always means 100% decision coverage.
Q. 678: If you are flying with an economy ticket, there is a possibility that you may get upgraded to business class, especially if you hold a gold card in the airlines frequent flier program. If you dont hold a gold card, there is a possibility that you will get bumped off the flight if it is full and you check in late. This is shown in following Figure. Note that each box (i.e. statement) has been numbered.
Three tests have been run:
Test 1: Gold card holder who gets upgraded to business class
Test 2: Non-gold card holder who stays in economy
Test 3: A person who is bumped from the flight
What is the statement coverage of these three tests?
Q. 679: Why are error guessing and exploratory testing good to do?
A. They can find defects missed by specification-based and structure-based techniques.
B. They don’t require any training to be as effective as formal techniques.
C. They can be used most effectively when there are good specifications.
D. They will ensure that all of the code or system is tested.
Q. 680: How do experience-based techniques differ from specification-based techniques?
A. They depend on the tester’s understanding of the way the system is structured rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.
B. They depend on having older testers rather than younger testers.
C. They depend on a documented record of what the system should do rather than on an individual’s personal view.
D. They depend on an individual’s personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.
Q. 681: When choosing which technique to use in a given situation, which factors should be taken into account?
V. previous experience of types of defects found in this or similar systems
W. the existing knowledge of the testers
X. regulatory standards that apply
Y. the type of test execution tool that will be used
Z. the documentation available
A. V, W, Y and Z
B. V, W and Y
C. X and Y
D. V, W and Y
Q. 682: Given the state diagram in following Figure, which test case is the minimum series of valid transitions to cover every state?
A. SS – S1 – S2 – S4 – S1 – S3 – ES
B. SS – S1 – S2 – S3 – S4 – S3 – S4 – ES
C. SS – S1 – S2 – S4 – S1 – S3 – S4 – S1 – S3 – ES
D. SS – S1 – S4 – S2 – S1 – S3 ES
Q. 683: Why is independent testing important?
A. Independent testing is usually cheaper than testing your own work.
B. Independent testing is more effective at finding defects.
C. Independent testers should determine the processes and methodologies used.
D. Independent testers are dispassionate about whether the project succeeds or fails.
Q. 684: Which of the following is among the typical tasks of a test leader?
A. Develop system requirements, design specifications and usage models.
B. Handle all test automation duties.
C. Keep tests and test coverage hidden from programmers.
D. Gather and report test progress metrics.
Q. 685: According to the ISTQB Glossary, what do we mean when we call someone a test manager?
A. A test manager manages a collection of test leaders.
B. A test manager is the leader of a test team or teams.
C. A test manager gets paid more than a test leader.
D. A test manager reports to a test leader.
Q. 686: What is the primary difference between the test plan, the test design specification, and the test procedure specification?
A. The test plan describes one or more levels of testing, the test design specification identifies the associated high-level test cases and a test procedure specification describes the actions for executing a test.
B. The test plan is for managers, the test design specification is for programmers and the test procedure specification is for testers who are automating tests.
C. The test plan is the least thorough, the test procedure specification is the most thorough and the test design specification is midway between the two.
D. The test plan is finished in the first third of the project, the test design specification is finished in the middle third of the project and the test procedure specification is finished in the last third of the project.
Q. 687: Which of the following factors is an influence on the test effort involved in most projects?
A. Geographical separation of tester and programmers.
B. The departure of the test manager during the project.
C. The quality of the information used to develop the tests.
D. Unexpected long-term illness by a member of the project team.
Q. 688: The ISTQB Foundation Syllabus establishes a fundamental test process where test planning occurs early in the project, while test execution occurs at the end. Which of the following elements of the test plan, while specified during test planning, is assessed during test execution?
A. Test tasks
B. Environmental needs
C. Exit criteria
D. Test team training
Q. 689: Consider the following exit criteria which might be found in a test plan:
I. No known customer-critical defects.
II. All interfaces between components tested.
III. 100% code coverage of all units.
IV. All specified requirements satisfied.
V. System functionality matches legacy system for all business rules.
Which of the following statements is true about whether these exit criteria belong in an acceptance test plan?
A. All statements belong in an acceptance test plan.
B. Only statement I belongs in an acceptance test plan.
C. Only statements I, II, and V belong in an acceptance test plan.
D. Only statements I, IV, and V belong in an acceptance test plan.
Q. 690: According to the ISTQB Glossary, what is a test level?
A. A group of test activities that are organized together.
B. One or more test design specification documents.
C. A test type.
D. An ISTQB certification.
Q. 691: Which of the following metrics would be most useful to monitor during test execution?
A. Percentage of test cases written.
B. Number of test environments remainin to be configured.
C. Number of defects found and fixed.
D. Percentage of requirements for which a test has been written.
Q. 692: During test execution, the test manager describes the following situation to the project team: 90% of the test cases have been run. 20% of the test cases have identified defects. 127 defects have been found. 112 defects have been fixed and have passed confirmation testing. Of the remaining 15 defects, project management has decided that they do not need to be fixed prior to release. Which of the following is the most reasonable interpretation of this test status report?
A. The remaining 15 defects should be confirmation tested prior to release.
B. The remaining 10% of test cases should be run prior to release.
C. The system is now ready for release with no further testing or development effort.
D. The programmers should focus their attention on fixing the remaining known defects prior to release.
Q. 693: In a test summary report, the projects test leader makes the following statement, The payment processing subsystem fails to accept payments from American Express cardholders, which is considered a must-work feature for this release. This statement is likely to be found in which of the following sections?
A. Evaluation
B. Summary of activities
C. Variances
D. Incident description
Q. 694: During an early period of test execution, a defect is located, resolved and confirmed as resolved by re-testing, but is seen again later during subsequent test execution. Which of the following is a testing-related aspect of configuration management that is most likely to have broken down?
A. Traceability
C. Configuration control
D. Test documentation management
Q. 695: You are working as a tester on a project to develop a point-of-sales system for grocery stores and other similar retail outlets. Which of the following is a product risk for such a project?
A. The arrival of a more-reliable competing product on the market.
B. Delivery of an incomplete test release to the first cycle of system test.
C. An excessively high number of defect fixes fail during re-testing.
D. Failure to accept allowed credit cards.
Q. 696: A product risk analysis meeting is held during the project planning period. Which of the following determines the level of risk?
A. Difficulty of fixing related problems in code
B. The harm that might result to the user
C. The price for which the software is sold
D. The technical staff in the meeting
Q. 697: You are writing a test plan using the IEEE 829 template and are currently completing the Risks and Contingencies section. Which of the following is most likely to be listed as a project risk?
A. Unexpected illness of a key team member
B. Excessively slow transaction-processing time
C. Data corruption under network congestion
D. Failure to handle a key use case
Q. 698: You and the project stakeholders develop a list of product risks and project risks during the planning stage of a project. What else should you do with those lists of risks during test planning?
A. Determine the extent of testing required for the product risks and the mitigation and contingency actions required for the project risks.
B. Obtain the resources needed to completely cover each product risk with tests and transfer responsibility for the project risks to the project manager.
C. Execute sufficient tests for the product risks, based on the likelihood and impact of each product risk and execute mitigation actions for all project risks.
D. No further risk management action is required at the test planning stage.
Q. 699: According to the ISTQB Glossary, a product risk is related to which of the following?
A. Control of the test project
B. The test object
C. A single test item
D. A potential negative outcome
Q. 700: In an incident report, the tester makes the following statement, At this point, I expect to receive an error message explaining the rejection of this invalid input and asking me to enter a valid input. Instead the system accepts the input, displays an hourglass for between one and five seconds and finally terminates abnormally, giving the message, Unexpected data type: 15. Click to continue.
This statement is likely to be found in which of the following sections of an IEEE 829 standard incident report?
B. Impact
C. Item pass/fail criteria
Q. 701: According to the ISTQB Glossary, what do we call a document that describes any event that occurred during testing which requires further investigation?
A. A bug report
B. A defect report
C. An incident report
D. A test summary report
Q. 702: A product risk analysis is performed during the planning stage of the test process. During the execution stage of the test process, the test manager directs the testers to classify each defect report by the known product risk it relates to (or to other). Once a week, the test manager runs a report that shows the percentage of defects related to each known product risk and to unknown risks.
What is one possible use of such a report?
A. To identify new risks to system quality.
B. To locate defect clusters in product subsystems.
C. To check risk coverage by tests.
D. To measure exploratory testing.
Q. 703: Which tools help to support static testing?
A. Static analysis tools and test execution tools.
B. Review process support tools, static analysis tools and coverage measurement tools.
C. Dynamic analysis tools and modeling tools.
D. Review process support tools, static analysis tools and modeling tools.
Q. 704: Which test activities are supported by test harness or unit test framework tools?
A. Test management and control.
B. Test specification and design.
C. Test execution and logging.
D. Performance and monitoring.
Q. 705: What are the potential benefits from using tools in general to support testing?
A. Greater quality of code, reduction in the number of testers needed, better objectives for testing.
B. Greater repeatability of tests, reduction in repetitive work, objective assessment.
C. Greater responsiveness of users, reduction of tests run, objectives not necessary.
D. Greater quality of code, reduction in paperwork, fewer objections to the tests.
Q. 706: What is a potential risk in using tools to support testing?
A. Unrealistic expectations, expecting the tool to do too much.
B. Insufficient reliance on the tool, i.e. still doing manual testing when a test execution tool has been purchased.
C. The tool may find defects that aren’t there.
D. The tool will repeat exactly the same thing it did the previous time.
Q. 707: Which of the following are advanced scripting techniques for test execution tools?
A. Data-driven and keyword-driven
B. Data-driven and capture-driven
C. Capture-driven and keyhole-driven
D. Playback-driven and keyword-driven
Q. 708: Which of the following would NOT be done as part of selecting a tool for an organization?
A. Assess organizational maturity, strengths and weaknesses.
B. Roll out the tool to as many users as possible within the organization.
C. Evaluate the tool features against clear requirements and objective criteria.
D. Identify internal requirements for coaching and mentoring in the use of the tool.
Q. 709: Which of the following is a goal for a proof-of-concept or pilot phase for tool evaluation?
A. Decide which tool to acquire.
B. Decide on the main objectives and requirements for this type of tool.
C. Evaluate the tool vendor including training, support and commercial aspects.
D. Decide on standard ways of using, managing, storing and maintaining the tool and the test assets.
Q. 710: What is a key characteristic of specification-based testing techniques?
A. Tests are derived from information about how the software is constructed.
B. Tests are derived from models (formal or informal) that specify the problem to be solved by the software or its components.
C. Tests are derived based on the skills and experience of the tester.
D. Tests are derived from the extent of the coverage of structural elements of the system or components.
Q. 711: An exhaustive test suite would include:
A. All combinations of input values and preconditions.
B. All combinations of input values and output values.
C. All pairs of input value and preconditions.
D. All states and state transitions.
Q. 712: Which statement about testing is true?
A. Testing is started as early as possible in the life cycle.
B. Testing is started after the code is written so that we have a system with which to work.
C. Testing is most economically done at the end of the life cycle.
D. Testing can only be done by an independent test team.
Q. 713: For a test procedure that is checking modifications of customers on a database, which two steps below would be the lowest priority if we didnt have time to execute all of the steps?
1. Open database and confirm existing customer
2. Change customer’s marital status from single to married
3. Change customer’s street name from Parks Road to Park Road
4. Change customer’s credit limit from 500 to 750
5. Replace customer’s first name with exactly the same first name
6. Close the customer record and close the database
A. Tests 1 and 4
B. Tests 2 and 3
C. Tests 5 and 6
D. Tests 3 and 5
Q. 714: Consider the following list of either product or project risks:
I. An incorrect calculation of fees might shortchange the organization.
II. A vendor might fail to deliver a system component on time.
III. A defect might allow hackers to gain administrative privileges.
IV. A skills gap might occur in a new technology used in the system.
V. A defect-prioritization process might overload the development team. Which of the following statements is true?
A. I is primarily a product risk and II, III, IV and V are primarily project risks.
B. II and V are primarily product risks and I, III and V are primarily project risks.
C. I and III are primarily product risks, while II, IV and V are primarily project risks.
D. III and V are primarily product risks, while I, II and IV are primarily project risks.
Q. 715: Consider the following statements about regression tests:
I. They may usefully be automated if they are well designed.
II. They are the same as confirmation tests (re-tests).
III. They are a way to reduce the risk of a change having an adverse affect elsewhere in the system.
IV. They are only effective if automated. Which pair of statements is true?
C. II and III
Q. 716: Which of the following could be used to assess the coverage achieved for structure-based (white-box) test techniques?
Y. Conditions or multiple conditions exercised
A. V, W or Y
C. V, Y or Z
D. W, X or Z
Q. 717: Review the following portion of an incident report.
1. I place any item in the shopping cart.
2. I place any other (different) item in the shopping cart.
3. I remove the first item from the shopping cart, but leave the second item in the cart.
4. I click the < Checkout > button.
5. I expect the system to display the first checkout screen. Instead, it gives the pop-up error message, ‘No items in shopping cart. Click to continue shopping.’
6. I click < Okay >.
7. I expect the system to return to the main window to allow me to continue adding and removing items from the cart. Instead, the browser terminates.
8. The failure described in steps 5 and 7 occurred in each of three attempts to perform steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6.
Assume that no other narrative information is included in the report. Which of the following important aspects of a good incident report is missing from this incident report?
A. The steps to reproduce the failure.
B. The summary.
C. The check for intermittence.
D. The use of an objective tone.
Q. 718: Which of the following are benefits and which are risks of using tools to support testing?
1. Over-reliance on the tool
2. Greater consistency and repeatability
3. Objective assessment
4. Unrealistic expectations
5. Underestimating the effort required to maintain the test assets generated by the tool
6. Ease of access to information about tests or testing
7. Repetitive work is reduced
A. Benefits: 3, 4, 6 and 7. Risks: 1, 2 and 5
B. Benefits: 1, 2, 3 and 7, Risks: 4, 5 and 6
C. Benefits: 2, 3, 6 and 7. Risks: 1, 4 and 5
D. Benefits: 2, 3, 5 and 6. Risks: 1, 4 and 7
Q. 719: Which of the following encourages objective testing?
C. Independent testing
D. Destructive testing
Q. 720: Of the following statements about reviews of specifications, which statement is true?
A. Reviews are not generally cost effective as the meetings are time consuming and require preparation and follow up.
B. There is no need to prepare for or follow up on reviews.
C. Reviews must be controlled by the author.
D. Reviews are a cost effective early static test on the system.
Q. 721: Consider the following list of test process activities:
I. Analysis and design
II. Test closure activities
III. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
IV. Planning and control
V. Implementation and execution
Which of the following places these in their logical sequence?
A. I, II,III, IV and V.
B. IV, I, V, III and II.
C. IV, I, V, II and III.
D. I, IV, V, III and II.
Q. 722: Test objectives vary between projects and so must be stated in the test plan. Which one of the following test objectives might conflict with the proper tester mindset?
A. Show that the system works before we ship it.
B. Find as many defects as possible.
C. Reduce the overall level of product risk.
D. Prevent defects through early involvement.
Q. 723: Which test activities are supported by test data preparation tools?
A. Test management and control
B. Test specification and design
C. Test execution and logging
D. Performance and monitoring
Q. 724: Consider the following types of tools:
V. Test management tools
W. Static analysis tools
X. Modeling tools
Y. Dynamic analysis tools
Z. Performance testing tools
Which of the following of these tools is most likely to be used by developers?
B. V, Y and Z
C. V, W and Z
D. X, Y and Z
Q. 725: What is a test condition?
A. An input, expected outcome, pre-condition and post-condition
B. The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point
C. Something that can be tested
D. A specific state of the software, e.g. before a test can be run
Q. 726: Which of the following general testing principles are t rue?
Testing shows the presence of defects but not the absence of defects
Testing of combinations of inputs and outputs will find all defects
Testing should start after the completion of key development tasks
Testing of safety-critical software is similar to testing web applications
A. I is true; II, III and IV are false
B. II is true; I, III and IV are false
C. I and II are true; III and N are false
D. II and III are true; I and IV are false
Q. 727: If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
A. 15, 19 and 25 degrees
B. 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
C. 18, 20 and 22 degrees
D. 16 and 26 degrees
Q. 728: By creating future tests based on the results of previous tests, a tester is demonstrating what type of informal test design technique?
B. Non-functional testing
C. Exploratory testing
Q. 729: What is the purpose of confirmation testing?
A. To confirm the users’ confidence that the system will meet their business needs.
B. To confirm that a defect has been fixed correctly.
C. To confirm that no unexpected changes have been introduced or uncovered as a result of changes made.
D. To confirm that the detailed logic of a component conforms to its specification.
Q. 730: Which success factors are required for good tool support within an organization?
A. Acquiring the best tool and ensuring that all testers use it.
B. Adapting processes to fit with the use of the tool and monitoring tool use and benefits.
C. Setting ambitious objectives for tool benefits and aggressive deadlines for achieving them.
D. Adopting practices from other successful organizations and ensuring that initial ways of using the tool are maintained.
Q. 731: Which of the following best describes integration testing?
A. Testing performed to expose faults in the interfaces and in the interaction between integrated components.
B. Testing to verify that a component is ready for integration.
C. Testing to verify that the test environment can be integrated with the product.
D. Integration of automated software test suites with the product.
Q. 732: According to the ISTQB Glossary, debugging:
A. Is part of the fundamental testing process.
B. Includes the repair of the cause of a failure.
C. Involves intentionally adding known defects.
D. Follows the steps of a test procedure.
Q. 733: Which of the following could be a root cause of a defect in financial software in which an incorrect interest rate is calculated?
A. Insufficient funds were available to pay the interest rate calculated.
B. Insufficient calculations of compound interest were included.
C. Insufficient training was given to the developers concerning compound interest alculation rules.
D. Inaccurate calculators were used to calculate the expected results.
Q. 734: Assume postal rates for light letters are:
$0.25 up to 10 grams;
$0.55 up to 100 grams.
Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using boundary value analysis?
A. 0, 9,19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99,100
B. 10, 50, 75,100, 250, 1000
C. 0, 1,10,11, 50, 51, 75, 76,100,101
D. 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56
Q. 735: Consider the following decision table for Car rental.
Over 23?
Clean driving record?
On business?
Supply rental car?
Premium charge
Given this decision table, what is the expected result for the following test cases?
TC1: A 26-year-old on business but with violations or accidents on his driving record
TC2: A 62-year-old tourist with a clean driving record
A. TC1: Don’t supply car; TC2: Supply car with premium charge.
B. TC1: Supply car with premium charge; TC2: Supply car with no premium charge.
C. TC1: Don’t supply car; TC2: Supply car with no premium charge.
D. TC1: Supply car with premium charge; TC2: Don’t supply car.
Q. 736: What is exploratory testing?
A. The process of anticipating or guessing where defects might occur.
B. A systematic approach to identifying specific equivalent classes of input.
C. The testing carried out by a chartered engineer.
D. Concurrent test design, test execution, test logging and learning.
Q. 737: What does it mean if a set of tests has achieved 90% statement coverage?
A. 9 out of 10 decision outcomes have been exercised by this set of tests.
B. 9 out of 10 statements have been exercised by this set of tests.
C. 9 out of 10 tests have been run on this set of software.
D. 9 out of 10 requirements statements about the software are correct.
Q. 738: A test plan is written specifically to describe a level of testing where the primary goal is establishing confidence in the system. Which of the following is a likely name for this document?
A. Master test plan
B. System test plan
C. Acceptance test plan
D. Project plan
Q. 739: What is the best description of static analysis?
A. The analysis of batch programs
B. The reviewing of test plans
C. The analysis of program code or other software artifacts
D. The use of black-box testing
Q. 740: System test execution on a project is planned for eight weeks. After a week of testing, a tester suggests that the test objective stated in the test plan of finding as many defects as possible during system test might be more closely met by redirecting the test effort according to which test principle?
A. Impossibility of exhaustive testing.
B. Importance of early testing.
C. The absence of errors fallacy.
D. Defect clustering.
Q. 741: Consider the following activities that might relate to configuration management:
I. Identify and document the characteristics of a test item
II. Control changes to the characteristics of a test item
III. Check a test item for defects introduced by a change
IV. Record and report the status of changes to test items
V. Confirm that changes to a test item fixed a defect
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Only I is a configuration management task.
B. All are configuration management tasks.
C. I, II and III are configuration management tasks.
D. I, II and IV are configuration management tasks.
Q. 742: A test plan included the following clauses among the exit criteria:
# System test shall continue until all significant product risks have been covered to the extent specified in the product risk analysis document.
# System test shall continue until no must-fix defects remain against any significant product risks specified in the product risk analysis document.
During test execution, the test team detects 430 must-fix defects prior to release and all must-fix defects are resolved. After release, the customers find 212 new defects, none of which were detected during testing. This means that only 67% of the important defects were found prior to release, a percentage which is well below average in your industry. You are asked to find the root cause for the high number of field failures. Consider the following list of explanations:
I. Not all the tests planned for the significant product risks were executed.
II. The organization has unrealistic expectations of the percentage of defects that testing can find.
III. A version-control issue has resulted in the release of a version of the software that was used during early testing.
IV. The product risk analysis failed to identify all the important risks from a customer point of view.
V. The product risk analysis was not updated during the project as new information became available.
Which of the following statements indicate which explanations are possible root causes?
A. II, III and IV are possible explanations, but I and V are not possible.
B. All five are possible explanations.
C. I, IV and V are possible explanations, but II and III are not possible.
D. III, IV and V are possible explanations, but I and II are not possible.
Q. 743: What is the most important factor for successful performance of reviews?
A. A separate scribe during the logging meeting
B. Trained participants and review leaders
C. The availability of tools to support the review process
D. A reviewed test plan
Q. 744: Consider the following statements about maintenance testing:
I. It requires both re-test and regression test and may require additional new tests.
II. It is testing to show how easy it will be to maintain the system.
III. It is difficult to scope and therefore needs careful risk and impact analysis.
IV. It need not be done for emergency bug fixes.
Which of the statements are true?
B. I and IV
Q. 745: Which of the following statements are correct?
I. Software testing can be required to meet legal or contractual requirements.
II. Software testing is mainly needed to improve the quality of the developers work.
III. Rigorous testing can help to reduce the risk of problems occurring in an operational environment.
IV. Rigorous testing is used to prove that all failures have been found.
Q. 746: Which two specification-based testing techniques are most closely related to each other?
A. Decision tables and state transition testing
B. Equivalence partitioning and state transition testing
C. Decision tables and boundary value analysis
D. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis
Q. 747: Which of the following is an advantage of independent testing?
A. Independent testers don’t have to spend time communicating with the project team.
B. Programmers can stop worrying about the quality of their work and focus on producing more code.
C. The others on a project can pressure the independent testers to accelerate testing at the end of the schedule.
D. Independent testers sometimes question the assumptions behind requirements, designs and implementations.
Q. 748: DDP formula that would apply for calculating DDP for the last level of testing prior to release to the field is
A. DDP = {Defects (Testers) Defects (Field)} / Defects (Testers)
B. DDP = {Defects (Testers) + Defects (Field)} / Defects (Testers)
C. DDP = Defects (Testers) / {Defects (Field) + Defects (Testers)}
D. DDP = Defects (Testers) / {Defects (Field) – Defects (Testers)}
Q. 749: What would trigger the execution of maintenance testing?
A. Inspection results and modification.
B. Migration and inspection results.
C. Migration and retirement of the system.
D. Alpha testing results and migration.
Q. 750: Popular specification-based techniques are:
C. Decision tables
D. All three described above
Q. 751: As a test leader you are collecting measures about defects. You recognize that after the first test cycle covering all requirementssubsystem C has a defect density that is 150% higher than the average. Subsystem A on the other hand has a defect density that is 60% lower than the average.
What conclusions for the next test cycle could you draw from this fact?
B. Because we have already found many defects in subsystem C, we should concentrate testing resources n Subsystem A.
Q. 752: Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the use of static analysis tools?
A. Static analysis tools can change the code to reduce complexity.
B. Static analysis tools are intended to support developers only.
C. Static analysis tools aid in understanding of code structure and dependencies.
D. Static analysis tools cannot be used to enforce coding standards.
Q. 753: Which of the following best describes typical test exit criteria?
A. Reliability measures, number of tests written, and product completeness.
B. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, cost, schedule, tester availability and residual risks.
C. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, test cost, amount of time spent testing and product completeness, number of defects.
D. Time to market, residual defects, tester qualification, degree of tester independence, thoroughness measures and test cost.
Q. 754: How does testing contribute to software quality?
A. Testing ensures that the system under test will not error out in a production environment.
B. Testing identifies defects which ensures a successful product will be released to market.
C. Testing increases the quality of a software system by avoiding defects in the system under test.
D. Testing through verification and validation of functionality identifies defects in the system under test.
Q. 755: A company is going to provide their employees with a bonus which will be based on the employees length of service in the company. The bonus calculation will be zero if they have been with the company for less than two years, 10% of their salary for more than two but less than five years, and 25% for five to ten years, 35% for ten years or more. The interface will not allow a negative value to be input, but it will allow a zero to be input.
How many equivalence partitions are needed to test the calculation of the bonus?
A. Two equivalence partitions.
B. Three equivalence partitions.
C. Four equivalence partitions.
D. Five equivalence partitions.
Q. 756: Which of the statements about reviews are correct?
I. Reviews are useful because, through their use, defects can be found early, resulting in cost savings.
II. Reviews are useful because they help management understand the comparative skills of different developers.
III. Testers should not get involved in specification reviews because it can bias them unfavorably.
IV. Many early defects are found in reviews, lengthening the time needed for the development life cycle
B. IV
Q. 757: What is integration testing?
A. Integration of automated software test suites with the application under test.
B. Testing performed to expose faults in the interaction between components and systems.
C. Testing to verify that a component is ready for integration with the rest of the system.
D. Testing to verify that the test environment can be integrated with the product.
Q. 758: Below you find a list of descriptions of problems that can be observed during testing or operation. Which is most likely a failure?
A. The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box.
B. One source code file included in the build was the wrong version
C. The computation algorithm used the wrong input variables.
D. The developer misinterpreted the computational requirement for that algorithm.
Q. 759: Which one of the following describes best the difference between testing and debugging?
A. Testing shows failures that are caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software.
B. Testing pinpoints the defects. De bugging analyzes the faults and proposes preventing activities.
C. Testing removes faults. Debugging identifies the causes of failures.
D. Dynamic testing prevents causes of failures. Debugging removes the failures.
Q. 760: Which of the following is a good reason for a developer to use a Test Harness tool?
A. To help the developer to compare differences between files and databases.
B. To reduce the quantity of component tests needed to be run.
C. To make it easier for developers to peer-test each others code.
D. To simplify running unit tests when related components are not available yet.
Q. 761: Which of the following is true of acceptance testing?
A. A goal of acceptance testing is to stress-test the system.
B. A goal of acceptance testing is to establish confidence in the system.
C. Acceptance testing is performed by technical staff.
D. Acceptance testing is only used to address functionality issues within the system.
Q. 762: An estimate of resources should be made so that an organization can create a schedule for testing. Which of the following approaches can be used for creating an estimate?
I. A skills-based approach, in which the estimate is based on all the testers skills.
II. An expert-based approach, in which the owner or other expert creates the estimate.
III. A metrics-based approach, in which the estimate is based on previous testing efforts.
IV. A bottom-up approach, in which each tester estimates their work and all estimates are integrated.
A. II, III, and IV
B. I, III, and IV
Q. 763: When conducting reviews, psychological sensitivity is required. Which mistake often occurs when conducting reviews and may lead to interpersonal problems within teams?
A. Testers and reviewers expect that defects in the software product are already found and fixed by the developers.
B. Due to time constraints, testers and reviewers do not believe they can afford enough time to find failures.
C. Testers and reviewers communicate defects as criticism against humans instead of against the software product.
D. Testers and reviewers are not sufficiently trained to accurately identify failures and faults in the item under review.
Q. 764: Which of the following statements about functional testing is TRUE?
A. Functional testing is primarily concerned with what a system does rather than how it does it.
B. Control flow models and menu structure models are used primarily in functional testing.
C. Functional testing includes, but is not limited to, load testing, stress testing and reliability testing.
D. Functional testing is often referred to as structural testing by testers and developers.
Q. 765: Which of the following statements about test design are TRUE?
I. During test design, the test cases and test data are created and specified.
II. If expected results are not defined, a plausible but erroneous result may be accepted as correct.
III. The IEEE 829 standard describes the content of test design and test case specifications.
IV. Test design is a formal process in which the conditions to be tested are determined.
Q. 766: What factors should an organization take into account when determining how much testing is needed?
I. Level of risk
II. Tools to be used during test sub-project
III. Project constraints such as time and budget
IV. Skill of the testers
V. Expected selling cost of the system
A. All of the factors should be taken into account.
D. I, II, IV, and V
Q. 767: What is testing without executing the code?
A. Non-functional testing.
B. Structure-based testing (white box).
C. Static testing.
D. Functional testing (black box).
Q. 768: What is the purpose of regression testing?
A. It enables us to reuse all our tests to improve ROI.
B. It can be used to replace acceptance testing.
C. To reduce the amount of impact analysis we must do when modifying a system.
D. To discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of a change.
Procedure X
Read (Color) // Input color from user
Q. 771: Given the following sample of pseudo code:
01 Input number of male rabbits
02 Input number of female rabbits
03 If male rabbits > 0 and female rabbits > 0 then
04 Input Do you want to breed (Yes / No)
05 If breed = “No”
06 Print “Keep male and female rabbits apart!”
07 End if
08 End If.
Which of the following test cases will ensure that statement “06” is executed?
A. male rabbits = 1, female rabbits = 1, breed = “yes”.
B. male rabbits = 1, female rabbits = 1, breed = “no”.
C. male rabbits = 1, female rabbits = 2, breed = “yes”.
D. male rabbits = 1, female rabbits = 0, breed = “no”.
Q. 772: Which ADDITIONAL test level could be introduced into a standard V-model after system testing?
A. System Integration Testing
Q. 773: A system under development contains complex calculations and decision logic, and it is assessed as high risk because of the relative inexperience of the development team in the application domain. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate choice of test design technique for component testing?
A. Decision testing.
B. Statement testing
Q. 774: Four testers have each submitted an incident report in which each reported a problem with the User log-on process. User log-on is a critical component of the system. The table below describes the four defect reports submitted.
Tester ID
Inputs / Expected & Actual Results
Business Priority
(1 High
3 Low)
Tester 1
User Log-on validation error
Entered user ID of Ram Kumar & password ABC123 but got an error message
Log-on does not meet requirements
Inputs: Entered valid user ID & password
Expected result: Main menu screen to be displayed
Actual result: Error saying incorrect password
Log-on password validation error
Inputs: User ID Ram Kumar & password ABC123
Expected result: Main menu screen
Actual result: Error Message Incorrect password
This test has worked many times before
Password validation error
Actual result: Incorrect password
N. B: The same inputs worked yesterday, before code release 1.2 was delivered
Which Tester has reported the incident MOST effectively, considering the information and priority they have supplied?
A. Tester 3
B. Tester 1
C. Tester 2
D. Tester 4
Q. 775: Which of the following software work product can be used as a basis for testing?
A. Incremental scenarios
B. Design documents
C. Undocumented features
D. V-model specifications
Q. 776: Match the test design techniques to the correct descriptions.
S. Black-box technique
T. White-box technique
U. Structural-based technique
V. Specification-based technique
1. Selecting test cases based on documentation
2. Ignoring the internal structure of the system
A. S1, S2, U1 and U2
B. T1, T2, U1 and U2
C. S1, S2, V1 and V2
D. T1, T2, V1 and V2
Q. 777: Given the following flow chart diagram:
What is the minimum number of test cases required for 100% statement coverage and 100%decision coverage, respectively?
A. Statement Coverage = 1, Decision Coverage = 3.
B. Statement Coverage = 2, Decision Coverage = 3.
C. Statement Coverage = 2, Decision Coverage = 2.
D. Statement Coverage = 3, Decision Coverage = 3
Q. 778: Which ordering of the list below gives increasing levels of test independence?
a. Tests designed by a fellow-member of the design team.
b. Tests designed by a different group within the organization.
c. Tests designed by the code author.
d. Tests designed by different organization.
A. c, a, b, d.
B. d, b, a, c
C. c, a, d, b.
D. a, c, d, b.
Q. 779: During which activity of the Fundamental Test Process test process do you review the test basis?
A. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
D. Test planning and control
Q. 780: Which of the following are structure-based techniques?
c. Multiple condition coverage
e. Decision testing
A. a and c.
B. b and d.
C. b and e.
D. c and e.
Q. 781: Which statement BEST describes the role of testing?
A. Testing ensures that the right version of code is deliveredB. Testing can be used to assess quality.
C. Testing shows that the software is error free.
D. Testing improves quality in itself.
Q. 782: The following table shows 6 test procedures (P to U) that must now be entered into a test execution schedule.
Test Proce-dure ID
Dependencies on test procedures
Other dependencies
Can not start unless R has completed
Regression testing only
Delivery of the code for this part of system is running very late
Business severity is regarded as the most important element in determining the sequence of the test procedures, but other dependencies must also be taken into consideration. Regression testing can only be run once all other tests have completed.
Which of the following represents the MOST effective sequence for the test execution schedule (where the first entry in the sequence is the first procedure to be run, the second entry is the second to be run and so on)?
A. Q, P, S, R, U, T.
B. R, S, U, P, Q, T.
C. R, P, S, U, T, Q.
D. P, Q, R, S, U, T
Q. 783: Which one of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any lifecycle model?
A. Each test level has the same test objective.
B. There should be more testing activities than development activities.
C. Test design can only begin when development is complete.
D. Testers should begin to review documents as soon as drafts are available.
Q. 784: Which tasks would USUALLY be performed by a test leader and which by the tester?
a. Adapt planning based on test results.
b. Create test specifications.
c. Plan tests.
d. Write or review a test strategy
A. c and d by the test leader; a and b by the tester
B. a and b by the test leader; c and d by the tester.
C. a and d by the test leader; b and c by the tester
D. a, c and d by the test leader; b by the tester.
Q. 785: The flow graph below shows the logic of a program for which 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage is required on exit from component testing.
The following test cases have been run:
Test Case 1 covering path A, B, D, G
Test Case 2 covering path A, B, D, E, F, E, F, E, F, E, G
Test Case 3 covering path A, C, D, E, F, E, G
Which of the following statements related to coverage is correct?
A. Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is 100%.
B. Statement coverage is less than 100%; decision coverage is 100%.
C. Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is less than 100%.
D. Statement coverage and decision coverage are both less than 100%.
A. Testing cannot prove that software is incorrect.
B. Testing can prove that software is either correct or incorrect.
C. Testing cannot prove that software is correct.
D. Testing can prove that software is correct.
Q. 787: Which of the following statements describe why experience-based test design techniques are useful?
a. They can help derive test cases based on analysis of specification documents.
b. They can identify tests not easily captured by formal techniques.
c. They make good use of tester’s knowledge, intuition and experience.
d. They are an effective alternative to formal test design techniques.
A. a and b.
B. b and d
C. c and d
D. b and c.
Q. 788: Under what circumstances would you plan to perform maintenance testing?
a. As part of a migration of an application from one platform to another.
b. As part of a planned enhancement release.
c. When the test scripts need to be updated.
d. For data migration associated with the retirement of a system
A. a, b and c
B. b, c and d
C. a, b and d.
D. a, c and d
Q. 789: A system specification states that a particular field should accept alphabetical characters in either upper or lower case. Which of the following test cases is from an INVALID equivalence partition?
A. Feeds
B. F33ds
C. FEEDS
D. fEEDs
Q. 790: Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in an incident report?
A. Suggestions for correcting the problem
B. Degree of impact on stakeholder interests.
C. Date the incident was discovered.
D. Life cycle process in which the incident was discovered
Q. 791: Which of the following is a standard for test documentation?
A. IEEE Std. 1028
B. EEE Std. 1044
C. ISO 9126.
D. IEEE Std. 829
Q. 792: In which activity of the Fundamental Test Process is the test environment set up?
A. Test implementation and execution.
B. Test planning and control
Q. 793: Which of the following is a specification-based technique?
A. Use Case Testing
B. Error Guessing.
D. Statement Testing.
Q. 794: Given the following state table:
Which of the following represents an INVALID transition (N)?
A. ‘Off’ from ‘Display Channel 1’.
B. ‘Channel 2’ from ‘Display Channel 1’.
C. ‘Stby’ from ‘Live’.
D. ‘Channel 2’ from ‘Live’.
Q. 795: Which of the following types of defect are typically found in reviews rather than in dynamic testing?
a. Deviations from standards.
b. Defects in interface implementation.
c. Poor maintainability of code.
d. Poor performance of the system.
e. Defects in requirements.
A. a, c and e.
B. a, b and d.
C. b, d and e.
D. a, c and d.
Q. 796: Pair the correct test design techniques (i to v) with the category of techniques (x, y and z):
i. Exploratory Testing
ii. Equivalence Partitioning
iii. Decision Testing
iv. Use Case Testing
v. Condition coverage
x. Specification-based
y. Structure-based
z. Experienced-based
A. x = i and ii; y = iii and v; z = iv.
B. x = i, ii and iv; y = v; z = iii
C. x = ii and iv; y = iii and v; z = i.
D. x = iii and iv; y = v; z = i and ii.
Q. 797: Which of the following is a purpose of the review kick off activity?
A. Explain the objectives
B. Select the personnel group
C. Document results
D. Define entry and exit criteria
Q. 798: Which one of the following is true of software development models?
A. There are always four test levels in the V-model.
B. In a Rapid Application Development (RAD) project, there are four test levels for each iteration.
C. In Agile development models, the number of test levels for an iteration can vary depending on the project.
D. There must be at least four test levels for any software development model.
Q. 799: Which of the following BEST describes a data-driven approach to the use of test execution tools?
A. Monitoring response times when the system contains a specified amount of data
B. Manipulation of databases and files to create test data
C. Using a generic script that reads test input data from a file
D. Recording test scripts and playing them back
Q. 800: Which of the following is an example of a product risk?
A. Software that does not perform its intended functions
B. Failure of a third party
C. Problems in defining the right requirements
D. Skill and staff shortages
Q. 801: A bank application determines the creditworthiness of customers. The application uses a set of rules to determine the upper limit of the credit amount. Which of the following black-box test design techniques is best for testing the application?
B.Use case testing
C. Equivalence partitioning
Q. 802: Below you find a list of improvement goals a software development and test organization would like to achieve.
Which of these goals for improving the efficiency of test activities would best be supported by a test management tool?
A. Improve the efficiency by optimizing the ability of tests to identify failures.
B. Improve the efficiency by building traceability between requirements, tests, and bugs
C. Improve the efficiency by faster resolving defects
D. Improve the efficiency by automating the selection of test cases for execution.
Q. 803: Which statement about combinations of inputs and preconditions is true for a large system?
A. It is easy to test them all in a short time
B. It is not practically possible to test them all
C. It is not possible to test any of them
D. It is essential to test them all in order to do good testing
Q. 804: Which tests are BEST described by the following characteristics?
W. Component testing
X. Integration testing
Y. Alpha testing
Z. Robustness testing
1. Testing the interaction between components
2. Fixing defects as soon as they are found
3. Automating test cases before coding
4. Testing separately testable components
A. W1, X4, Y3 and Z2
B. W2, W4, X1 and Z1
C. W2, W3, W4 and X1
D. W3, X1, X2 and X4
Q. 805: Why should expected results be defined before execution?
A. To assist in test automation
B. To improve test efficiency
C. To reduce the possibility of incorrect results
D. To improve design of the software
Q. 806: Which characteristics BEST describe a walkthrough?
A. Documented, includes peers and experts
B. Formal process collects metrics
C. Defined roles, led by trained moderator
D. Led by the author, may be documented
Q. 807: Which of the following is a MAJOR activity of test control?
A. Scheduling test analysis and design
B. Implementing the test policy or strategy
C. Making decisions based on information from test monitoring
D. Determining the scope and risks
Q. 808: For which of the following is Impact Analysis ESPECIALLY important?
A. Maintenance Testing
Q. 809: What is the KEY difference in the usage of static analysis tools?
A. Developers use static analysis tools before and during component testing
Designers use static analysis tools during software modeling
B. Developers use static analysis tools to check the syntax of their codes
Designers use static analysis tools to ensure adherence to programming standards
C. Developers use static analysis tools before and after integration testing
Designers use static analysis tools to guarantee regulatory compliance
D. Developers use static analysis tools to check the syntax of their codes
Designers use static analysis tools after software modeling
Read A, B, C;
Print “Primary ratio is” & A / B;
If A > C then
Print “Secondary ration is” & A / C;
End If.
Which of the following test cases would achieve 100% statement coverage?
A. A = 5, B = 10 and C = 2
B. A = 10, B = 10 and C = 10
C. A = 10, B =5 and C = 2
D. A = 2, B= 5 and C = 10
A. A test condition specifies input values and expected results; a test case combines one or more test conditions
B. A test condition may be derived from requirements or specifications; a test procedure specifies the sequence of action for the execution of a test
C. A test case specifies the sequence of execution of test conditions; a test procedure specifies test pre-conditions and post-conditions
D. A test case specifies input values and expected results; a test procedure may be derived from requirements or specifications
Q. 812: Which one of the following statements about approaches to test estimation is true?
A. A metrics-based approach is based on data gathered from previous projects; an expert-based approach uses the knowledge of the owner of the tasks or experts
B. A metrics-based approach is based on creating a work-breakdown structure first; an expert-based approach is based on input from estimation experts
C. A metrics-based approach is based on data gathered from previous projects; an expert-based approach is based on a work-breakdown structure
D. A metrics-based approach is based on an analysis of the specification documents; an expert-based approach is based on the opinion of the most experienced tester in the organisation
Q. 813: Which option BEST describes objectives for test levels within a life cycle model?
A. Objectives should be generic for any test level
B. Objectives are the same for each test level
C. Each test level has objectives specific to that level
D. Each test level must have different objectives
Q. 814: Which statement is a valid explanation as to why black-box test design techniques can be useful?
A. They can help to derive test data based on analysis of the requirement specification
B. They can help derive test cases based on analysis of a component’s code structure
C. They can help to derive test conditions based on analysis of a system’s internal structure
D. They can help to reduce testing costs
Q. 815: During which activity of the Fundamental Test Process test process do you determine the exit criteria?
B. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
Q. 816: Which two of the following are common attributes of maintenance testing?
a. It is carried out to ensure that the system will be reliable once in service.
b. It includes regression testing.
c. It requires the use of fully defined specifications.
d. It can include testing of a system after migration from one platform to another.
A. a and b
B. a and c
D. b and d
Q. 817: Which of the following would TYPICALLY be carried out by a test leader and which by a tester?
a. Creation of a test strategy.
b. Creation of a test specification.
c. Raising of an incident report.
d. Write a test summary report.
A. a and b would be carried out by a test leader, whilst c and d would be carried out by a tester
B. b and c would be carried out by a test leader, whilst a and d would be carried out by a tester
C. a and d would be carried out by a test leader, whilst b and c would be carried out by a tester
D. a and c would be carried out by a test leader, whilst b and d would be carried out by a tester
Q. 818: Where may functional testing be performed?
A. At system and acceptance testing levels only
B. At all test levels
C. At all levels above integration testing
D. At the acceptance testing level only
Q. 819: Which one of the following best describes risk-based testing?
A. Testing as much of the system as possible in the time available
B. Targeting testing at the more critical areas of the system
C. Making full use of formal test case design techniques
D. Fixing as many defects as possible before go-live
Q. 820: Given the following decision table:
What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?
P. Gold frequent flyer, travelling in Economy class.
Q. Silver frequent flyer, travelling in Business class.
A. P. Offer free upgrade to Business and discounted upgrade to First. Q. Offer discounted upgrade to First
B. P. Offer free upgrade to Business but cannot upgrade to First. Q. Offer discounted upgrade to First
C. P. Offer free upgrade to First. Q. Cannot upgrade to First
D. P. Offer discounted upgrade to First. Q. Offer free upgrade to First
Q. 821: Which of the following activities would improve how a tool is deployed within an organization?
a. Roll out the tool across the organisation as quickly as possible to all users.
b. Conduct periodic lessons learnt reviews with tool users.c. Provide technical support to the test team for each type of tool.
d. If a tool is not being used, withdraw it and look for an alternative.
e. Make sure processes are improved to reflect a new tool.
C. c, d and e
D. b, c and e
Q. 822: Place the stages of the Fundamental Test Process in the usual order (by time).
a. Test closure activities.
b. Analysis and design.
c. Planning and control.
d. Implementation and execution.
e. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
f. Access software testing genius website
A. c, b, d, e, a
B. c, b, e, d, a
C. c, b, d, a, e
D. b, c, d, e, a
Q. 823: If a system has been tested and only a few defects have been found, what can we conclude about the state of the system?
a. The system may be defect free but the testing done cannot guarantee that this is true.
b. The system is defect free and further testing would therefore be a waste of resources.
c. It depends what the system is designed to do.
d. Further testing should be considered but this should be focussed on areas of highest risk because it would not be possible to test everything.
e. Testing should be curtailed because it is yielding no value.
A. a, c and d
C. a, d and e
Q. 824: What would USUALLY have a set of input values and execution conditions?
A. Test basis
B. Test case
C. Test objective
D. Test control
Q. 825: Which of the following defects would NORMALLY be identified by a static analysis tool?
A. The response time for the search function exceeded the agreed limit
B. The design specification had many grammatical errors
C. The component’s code had variables that were used but had not been declared
D. The component was found to be the source of the memory leak
Q. 826: Which of the following statements describe why error guessing is a useful test design technique?
a. It can help derive test cases based on analysis of specification documents.
b. It can identify tests not easily captured by formal techniques.
c. It can make good use of tester’s experience and available defect data.
d. It is a cheaper alternative to more formal test design techniques.
B. b and c
D. a and c
Q. 827: Which of the following activities should be considered before purchasing a tool for an organization?
a. Ensure that the tool does not have a negative impact on existing test processes.
b. Produce a business justification examining both costs and benefits.
c. Determine whether the vendor will continue to provide support for the tool.
d. Introduce tool deployment activities into the testing schedule.
A. a and d
Q. 828: Consider the following state table:
S2/R1
S1/N
Which of the following would result in a change of state to S2 with an action of R6?
A. From state S1, input A
B. From state S2, input B
C. From state S3, input C
D. From state S4, input D
Q. 829: Which of the following would NOT NORMALLY be considered for a testing role on a project?
A. System operator
C. Configuration manager
D. Performance specialist
Q. 830: Which one of the following provides the BEST description of test design?
A. Identification of the features which should be tested
B. Specification of the test cases required to test a feature
C. Specification of the order in which test cases should be executed
D. Creation of a test suite
Q. 831: Which one of the following examples describes a typical benefit of static analysis supported by tools?
A. Static analysis supported by tools may find defects priorto manual test execution.
B. Static analysis supported by tools prevents business analysts and requirement engineers building software models (e.g. state transition diagrams), which do not match the requirements.
C. By using static analysis tools user acceptance testing can be shortened because the users need to execute less tests.
D. By performing static analysis of the code supported by tools the need for the developers doing unit testing is decreased.
Q. 832: Which of the following are true of software development models?
a. Component Integration testing is present in all good development models.
b. Acceptance testing can take place before system testing starts.
c. Acceptance testing should only start when system testing is complete.
d. There may be fewer than four test levels in a V-model.
A. b and d
B. a and b
C. b and c
D. c and d
Q. 833: Which of the following is a review process activity?
A. Individual preparation
B. Writing test conditions
C. Developing a test plan
D. Executing test scripts
Q. 834: Which of the following are white-box test design techniques?
a. Decision table testing.
b. Decision coverage.
c. Boundary value analysis.
d. Error guessing.
e. Statement testing.
A. a and e
C. b and e
D. e and d
Q. 835: Which of the following matches the activity (i to iv) to its most suitable type of tool (p to s)?
i. Analysis of code structure.
ii. Generation of test cases.
iii. Simulation of the environment in which a component is run.
iv. Analysis of test metrics.
p. Test management.
q. Test design tool.
r. Static analysis tool.
s. Test harness.
A. i-s, ii-p, iii-r, iv-q
B. i-r, ii-q, iii-s, iv-p
C. i-r, ii-s, iii-p, iv-q
D. i-q, ii-r, iii-s, iv-p
Q. 836: Which of the following statements about functional testing is correct?
A. Functional test cases are derived from specifications
B. Functional test cases are derived from an examination of the code
C. Functional testing ensures error free software
D. Functional testing should be done before the Inspection process
Q. 837: Which of the following account for most of the failures in a system?
A. They will be found in the smallest modules
B. They will be evenly distributed among all modules
C. They will be found in the largest modules
D. They will be found in a small proportion of modules
Q. 838: Which of the following is a project risk?
A. There are non-standard implementations of some features
B. We may not be able to get a contractor to join the test team as planned
C. The response times of the software may not be fast enough
D. The contract has a legal loophole which has affected the company’s profit
Q. 839: Which of the following software work products would NOT TYPICALLY be examined using static analysis techniques?
a. Design specification.
b. Component’s code.
c. Software model.
d. Test procedure.
e. Non-functional requirements specification.
B. a, d and e
C. b, c and d
D. a, b and e
Q. 840: An automated air-conditioner is programmed to turn its heating unit on when the temperature falls below 17 Deg. C and to turn its refrigeration unit on when the temperature exceeds 26 Deg. C. The air-conditioner is designed to operate at temperatures between -10 Deg. C and +40 Deg. C. Given the above specification, which of the following sets of values shows that the equivalence partition test design technique has been used correctly?
A. 11 Deg. C, -1 Deg. C, 18 Deg. C, 27 Deg. C, 51 Deg. C
B. 11 Deg. C, -1 Deg. C, 12 Deg. C, 18 Deg. C, 27 Deg. C, 51 Deg. C
C. -11 Deg. C, 18 Deg. C, 51 Deg. C
D. -1 Deg. C, 12 Deg. C, 18 Deg. C, 27 Deg. C
Q. 841: When in the lifecycle should testing activities start?
A. As early as possible
B. After the test environment is ready
C. After the requirements have been reviewed
D. Once the code is available to test
What is the expected action for each of the following test cases?
Joe is a smoker who will be skiing and has an existing medical condition.
Sue is a non-smoker who does not ski and does not have an existing medical condition.
A. Insure Joe offering no discount, insure Sue offering no discount
B. Insure Joe, offering a 10% discount and insure Sue offering a 10% discount
C. Do not insure Joe and insure Sue offering no discount
D. Do not insure Joe and insure Sue offering a 15% discount
Q. 843: Which of the following test activities are more likely to be undertaken by a test lead rather than a tester?
a. Create test specifications.
b. Schedule tests.
c. Define metrics for measuring test progress.
d. Prepare and acquire test data.
A. c and d
C. b and d
D. b and c
Q. 844: The list below (a to e) describes one major task for each of the five main activities of the fundamental test process. Which option (A to D) places the tasks in the correct order, by time?
a. Create bi-directional traceability between test basis and test cases.
b. Check test logs against exit criteria.
c. Define the objectives of testing.
d. Check planned deliverables have been delivered.
e. Comparing actual results with expected results.
A. a, c, b, e, d
B. c, a, d, e, b
C. c, a, e, b, d
D. d, a, c, b, e
Q. 845: A simple gaming system has been specified as a set of use cases. It has been tested by the supplier and is now ready for user acceptance testing. The system is assessed as low risk and there is pressure to release the software into the market as soon as possible. Which of the following test techniques would be most appropriate for this testing?
A. State transition testing and decision testing
B. Equivalence partitioning and statement testing
C. Use case testing and exploratory testing
D. Decision table testing and exploratory testing
Q. 846: A failure has occurred during system testing and incident report must be raised. The following attributes are available for the report:
a. Tester’s name.
b. Date raised.
c. Priority (to fix).
d. Severity (impact on the system).
e. Expected Results.
f. Actual Results.
g. Test case specification identifier.
h. Failing software function.
i. Tester’s recommendations.
Which attributes would be the MOST effective to enable determination of WHEN the incident should be fixed and HOW MUCH effort might be required to apply the fix?
A. b, c, e, f, g
B. a, b, d, h, i
C. c, d, e, f, h
D. c, d, e, g, i
Q. 847: Which of the following would be MOST USEFUL in estimating the amount of re-testing and regression testing likely to be required?
a. The purchase of an automated test execution tool.
b. Time allocated for acceptance testing.
c. Metrics from previous similar projects.
d. Impact analysis.
C. a and d
Q. 848: Which of the following are key success factors to the review process?
A. Review time is allowed in the test execution schedule, process improvement is recognised in the follow up meeting and the objective is always to find defects
B. Each review has a clear objective, the right people are involved, training is provided in the review technique and management fully support the process
C. Participants are trained, all review meetings are time boxed and moderators are project managers
D. Every team member will be involved, all review techniques are used on every work product and test managers control the review process
Input ExamScore
If ExamScore <= 75 then
Print “Candidate has failed”
Print “Candidate has passed”
If ExamScore >= 120 then
Print “Candidate has achieved a distinction”
What is the minimum number of test cases required to guarantee 100% decision coverage?
Q. 850: Match the following formal review roles and responsibilities:
1. Moderator.
2. Recorder.
3. Reviewer.
4. Manager.
P. The person chosen to represent a particular viewpoint and role.
Q. The person who decides on the execution of inspections and determines if the inspection objectives have been met.
R. The person who leads the inspection of a document or set of documents.
S. The person who documents all the issues, problems and open points.
A. 1Q, 2S, 3P, 4R
B. 1R, 2S, 3P, 4Q
C. 1Q, 2P, 3S, 4R
D. 1R, 2P, 3S, 4Q
Q. 851: During which activity of the Fundamental Test Process do you compare actual with expected results?
A. Test closure activities
D. Test implementation and execution
Q. 852: Which one of the following pairs of factors is used to quantify risks?
A. Impact and Cost
B. Likelihood and Impact
C. Product and Project
D. Probability and Likelihood
Q. 853: Which of the following BEST describes a keyword-driven testing approach?
A. Test input and expected results are stored in a table or spreadsheet, so that a single control script can execute all of the tests in the table
B. Action-words are defined to cover specific interactions in system (e.g., log-on entries) which can then be used by testers to build their tests
C. Keywords are entered into a test harness to obtain pre-defined test coverage reports
D. The test basis is searched using keywords to help identify suitable test conditions
Q. 854: Which of the following is a TYPICAL objective of a pilot project for introducing a testing tool into an organization?
A. To assess whether the benefits will be achieved at a reasonable cost
B. To identify the initial requirements of the tool
C. To select the most suitable tool for the intended purpose
D. To document test design and test execution processes
Q. 855: Which activity in the Fundamental Test Process creates test suites for efficient test execution?
A. Implementation and execution
B. Planning and control
D. Test closure
Q. 856: What does a test execution tool enable?
A. Tests to be executed automatically, or semi automatically
B. Tests to be written without human intervention
C. Preparation of test data automatically
D. Manage test assets such as test conditions and test cases
Q. 857: What is the purpose of configuration management in testing?
a. To choose and implement a suitable configuration management tool.
b. To identify unique items of testware and their related developed software.
c. To provide traceability between items of testware and developed software.
d. To enable managers to configure the software.
e. To control the versions of software released into the test environment.
A. a, c and e
B. a, b and d
Q. 858: Which of the following best describes the purpose of non-functional testing?
A. To measure characteristics of a system which give an indication of how the system performs its functions
B. To ensure that a system complies with the quality standards set by ISO 9126
C. To ensure that the system deals appropriately with software malfunctions
D. To measure the extent to which a system has been tested by functional testing
Q. 859: Which one of the following methods for test estimation rely on information captured from previous projects?
A. Test point-based
B. Expert-based
C. Metrics-based
D. Development effort-based
Q. 860: Arrive-and-Go airline wants to clarify its baggage handling policy, whilst maximizing revenues, and will introduce the following tariffs for all baggage per individual customer (weights are rounded up to the nearest 0.1Kg):
The first 2Kg will be carried free of charge.
The next 10 Kg will be carried for a flat charge of $10.
An additional 15Kg will be charged a total charge of $17.
Luggage over this amount will be charged at $5 per Kg, up to a maximum of 150Kg per person.
No passenger may take more that 150Kg with them.
Which of the following would constitute boundary values for baggage weights in the price calculation?
A. 0, 5.0, 10.0, 17.0
B. 2.0, 9.9, 15.0, 26.9
C. 1.9, 12.0, 14.9, 150.0
D. 2.0, 12.1, 27.0, 150.1
Q. 861: What should be the MAIN objective during development testing?
A. To cause as many failures as possible so that defects in the software are identified and can be fixed
B. To confirm that the system works as expected and that requirements have been met
C. To assess the quality of the software with no intention of fixing defects
D. To give information to stakeholders of the risk of releasing the system at a given time
Q. 862: Which one of the following BEST describes a test control action?
A. Setting a completion date
B. Reporting on poor progress
C. Adding extra test scripts to a test suite
D. Retesting a defect fix
Q. 863: To test an input field that accepts a twodigit day based on a particular month which data set demonstrates boundary value analysis?
A. 0, 1, 16, 31 and 100
B. 1, 27, 28, 30 and 31
C. 2, 26, 27, 29 and 30
D. -1, 0, 15, 32 and 99
Q. 864: Which two of the following are attributes of structural testing?
a. It is based on testing features described in a functional specification.
b. It can include statement and decision testing.
c. It can be carried out at all levels of testing.
d. It can include debugging.
B. a and d
Q. 865: Which one of the following BEST describes the purpose of a priority rating in an incident report?
A. To show which parts of the system are affected by the incident
B. To show how quickly the problem should be fixed
C. To show how much it would cost to fix the defect
D. To show progress of testing
Q. 866: Which acceptance test is USUALLY performed by system administrators?
A. Operational
B. Customer
C. Contractual
D. Regulatory
Q. 867: Which of the following is MOST clearly a characteristic of structure based (white-box) techniques?
A. Test cases are independent of each other
B. Test cases can be easily automated
C. Test cases are derived systematically from the delivered code
D. Test cases are derived systematically from specifications
Q. 868: Which of the following is a MAJOR activity of test planning?
A. Initiation of corrective actions
B. Measuring and analysing results
C. Determining the exit criteria
Q. 869: Retirement of software or a system would trigger which type of testing?
B. Portability testing
Q. 870: Which of the following statements about black box and white box techniques is correct?
A. Decision Testing, Equivalence Partitioning and Condition Coverage are all black box techniques
B. Decision Table Testing, State Transition and Use Case Testing are all black box techniques
C. Decision Testing, Equivalence Partitioning and Statement Testing are all white box techniques
D. Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition and Statement Testing are all white box techniques
Q. 871: Which of the following are characteristics of good testing in any life cycle model?
a. Every development activity has a corresponding test activity.
b. Testers review development documents early.
c. There are separate levels for component and system integration test.
d. Each test level has objectives specific to that level.
e. Each test level is based on the same test basis.
A. a, d and e
B. b, c and e
C. a, c and d
D. a, b and d
Q. 872: A system requires 100% decision coverage at component testing for all modules.
The following module has been tested with a single test case.
The test case follows the path A, B, D, E, F, G.
What level of decision coverage has been achieved?
A. 100%
Q. 873: Which of the following statements is GENERALLY true of testing?
a. Testing can show the presence of defects.
b. Testing reduces the probability of uncovered defects.
c. Testing can show that a previously present defect has been removed.
d. Testing can prove that software is defect free.
D. b, c and d
Q. 874: Which one of the following characteristics of test execution tools describes best a specific characteristic of a keyword-driven test execution tool?
A. A table containing test input data, action words, and expected results controls the execution of the system under test.
B. Actions of testers will be recorded in a script that can be rerun several times.
C. Actions of testers will be recorded in a script that is then being generalized to run with several sets of test input data.
D. The ability to log test results and compare them against the expected results.
Q. 875: Which of the following are the typical defects found by static analysis tools?
a. Variables that are never used.
b. Security vulnerabilities.
c. Poor performance.
d. Unreachable code.
e. Business processes not followed.
A. b, c and d are true; a and e are false
B. a is true; b, c, d and e are false
C. c, d and e are true; a and b are false
D. a, b and d are true; c and e are false
Dependencies on other test procedures
Requires S to be run first
A. R, Q, S, T, U, P
B. S, R, P, U, Q, T
C. Q, R, S, T, P, U
D. S, R, U, P, Q, T
a. Defining best practice guidelines for users.
b. Roll out the tool across the organization as quickly as possible to all users.
c. Provide technical support to the test team for each type of tool.
d. Introduce a system to monitor tool usage and user feedback.
e. Ensure that the test process is not changed as result of the tool’s introduction.
A. a, b and c.
B. a, c and d.
C. c, d and e.
D. b, d and e.
Q. 878: Which of the following is MOST likely to be an objective of a pilot project to introduce a test tool?
A. To assess if the test tool brings benefits at reasonable cost
B. To ensure that developers will use the test tool
C. To ensure that the time spent testing and the cost of testing is reduced
D. To assess if everyone in the organisation can be trained prior to roll-out
Q. 880: Given the following state transition diagram:
Which of the test cases below will cover the following series of state transitions?
SS – S1 – S2 – S1 – S2 – ES
A. A, B, E, B, F
B. A, B, C, D
C. A, B, E, B, C, D
D. A, B, F
Q. 881: A programme level Master Test Plan states that a number of best practices must be adopted for its project life cycle models, irrespective of whether a sequential or iterative-incremental approach is adopted for each project. Which of the following life cycle related best practices would you expect to see in the Master Test Plan?
a. There should be a testing activity that corresponds to each development activity.
b. Each project should have four test levels if using a V-model.
c. Test personnel should ensure that they are invited to review requirements and design documents as soon as draft versions are available.
d. System testing must not be performed by the development teams.
Q. 882: Which of the following statements BEST describes one of the seven key principles of software testing?
A. Automated tests are better than manual tests for avoiding the Exhaustive Testing.
B. Exhaustive testing is, with sufficient effort and tool support, feasible for all software.
C. It is normally impossible to test all input / output combinations for a software system.
D. The purpose of testing is to demonstrate the absence of defects.
Q. 883: Which of the following statements is the MOST valid goal for a test team?
A. Determine whether enough component testing was executed.
B. Cause as many failures as possible so that faults can be identified and corrected.
C. Prove that all faults are identified.
D. Prove that any remaining faults will not cause any failures.
Q. 884: Which of these tasks would you expect to perform during Test Analysis and Design?
A. Setting or defining test objectives.
B. Reviewing the test basis.
C. Creating test suites from test procedures.
D. Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement.
Q. 885: Below is a list of problems that can be observed during testing or operation.
Which is MOST likely a failure?
B. One source code file included in the build was the wrong version.
D. The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm.
Q. 886: Which of the following, if observed in reviews and tests, would lead to problems (or conflict) within teams?
A. Testers and reviewers are not curious enough to find defects. _
B. Testers and reviewers are not qualified enough to find failures and faults.
C. Testers and reviewers communicate defects as criticism against persons and not against the software product.
D. Testers and reviewers expect that defects in the software product have already been found and fixed by the developers.
A. Software testing may be required to meet legal or contractual requirements.
B. Software testing is mainly needed to improve the quality of the developers work.
C. Rigorous testing and fixing of defects found can help reduce the risk of problems occurring in an operational environment.
D. Rigorous testing is sometimes used to prove that all failures have been found.
A. B and C are true; A and D are false.
B. A and D are true; B and C are false.
C. A and C are true, B and D are false.
D. C and D are true, A and B are false.
Q. 888: Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?
A. Testing pinpoints (identifies the source of) the defects. Debugging analyzes the faults and proposes prevention activities.
B. Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software.
Q. 889: Which statement below BEST describes non-functional testing?
A. The process of testing an integrated system to verify that it meets specified requirements.
B. The process of testing to determine the compliance of a system to coding standards.
C. Testing without reference to the internal structure of a system.
D. Testing system attributes, such as usability, reliability or maintainability.
Q. 890: What is important to do when working with software development models? [K1]
A. To adapt the models to the context of project and product characteristics.
B. To choose the waterfall model because it is the first and best proven model.
C. To start with the V-model and then move to either iterative or incremental models.
D. To only change the organization to fit the model and not vice versa.
Q. 891: Which of the following characteristics of good testing apply to any software development life cycle model?
A. Acceptance testing is always the final test level to be applied.
B. All test levels are planned and completed for each developed feature.
C. Testers are involved as soon as the first piece of code can be executed.
D. For every development activity there is a corresponding testing activity.
Q. 892: For which of the following would maintenance testing be used?
A. Correction of defects during the development phase.
B. Planned enhancements to an existing operational system.
C. Complaints about system quality during user acceptance testing.
D. Integrating functions during the development of a new system.
A. Regression testing and acceptance testing are the same.
B. Regression tests show if all defects have been resolved.
C. Regression tests are typically well-suited for test automation.
D. Regression tests are performed to find out if code changes have introduced or uncovered defects.
E. Regression tests should be performed in integration testing.
A. A, C and D and E are true; B is false.
B. A, C and E are true; B and D are false.
C. C and D are true; A, B and E are false.
D. B and E are true; A, C and D are false.
Q. 894: Which of the following comparisons of component testing and system testing are TRUE?
A. Component testing verifies the functioning of software modules, program objects, and classes that are separately testable, whereas system testing verifies interfaces between components and interactions with different parts of the system.
B. Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications, design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually derived from requirement specifications, functional specifications or use cases.
C. Component testing focuses on functional characteristics, whereas system testing focuses on functional and non-functional characteristics.
D. Component testing is the responsibility of the technical testers, whereas system testing typically is the responsibility of the users of the system.
Q. 895: Which of the following are the main phases of a formal review?
A. Initiation, status, preparation, review meeting, rework, follow up.
B. Planning, preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow up.
C. Planning, kick off, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, follow up.
D. Preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow up, root cause analysis.
Q. 896: Which TWO of the review types below are the BEST fitted (most adequate) options to choose for reviewing safety critical components in a software project?
Select 2 options.
A. Informal review.
B. Management review.
C. Inspection.
D. Walkthrough.
E. Technical Review.
Q. 897: One of the test goals for the project is to have 100% decision coverage. The following three tests have been executed for the control flow graph shown below.
Test A covers path: A, B, D, E, G.
Test B covers path: A, B, D, E, F, G.
Test C covers path: A, C, F, C, F, C, F, G.
Which of the following statements related to the decision coverage goal is correct?
A. Decision D has not been tested completely.
B. 100% decision coverage has been achieved.
C. Decision E has not been tested completely.
D. Decision F has not been tested completely.
Q. 898: A defect was found during testing. When the network got disconnected while receiving data from a server, the system crashed. The defect was fixed by correcting the code that checked the network availability during data transfer.
The existing test cases covered 100% of all statements of the corresponding module. To verify the fix and ensure more extensive coverage, some new tests were designed and added to the test suite.
What types of testing are mentioned above?
A. Functional testing.
B. Structural testing.
C. Re-testing.
D. Performance testing.
A. A, B and D.
B. A and C.
C. A, B and C.
Q. 899: Which of the following statements about the given state table is TRUE?
A. The state table can be used to derive both valid and invalid transitions.
B. The state table represents all possible single transitions.
C. The state table represents only some of all possible single transitions.
D. The state table represents sequential pairs of transitions.
Q. 900: Which TWO of the following solutions below lists techniques that can all be categorized as Black Box design techniques?
A. Equivalence Partitioning, decision tables, state transition, and boundary value.
B. Equivalence Partitioning, decision tables, use case.
C. Equivalence Partitioning, decision tables, checklist based, statement coverage, use case.
D. Equivalence Partitioning, cause-effect graph, checklist based, decision coverage, use case.
E. Equivalence Partitioning, cause-effect graph, checklist based, decision coverage and boundary value.
Q. 901: An employees bonus is to be calculated. It cannot become negative, but it can be calculated to zero. The bonus is based on the duration of the employment. An employee can be employed for less than or equal to 2 years, more than 2 years but less than 5 years,
5 to 10 years, or longer than 10 years. Depending on this period of employment, an employee will get either onus or a bonus of 10%, 25% or 35%.
How many equivalence partitions are needed to test the calculation of the onus?
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Q. 902: Which of the below would be the best basis for fault attack testing?
A. Experience, defect and failure data, knowledge about software failures.
B. Risk analysis performed at the beginning of the project.
C. Use Cases derived from the business flows by domain experts.
D. Expected results from comparison with an existing system.
Q. 903: Which of the following would be the best test approach when there are poor
specifications and time pressures?
A. Use Case Testing.
B. Condition Coverage.
C. Exploratory Testing.
D. Path Testing.
Q. 904: Which one of the following techniques is structure-based?
B. Boundary value analysis.
C. Equivalence partitioning.
D. State transition testing.
Q. 905: You have started specification-based testing of a program. It calculates the
greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers (A and B) greater than zero.
calcGCD (A, B);
INT_MAX
INT_MAX+1
The following test cases (TC) have been specified.
TC A B
2 INT_MAX INT_MAX
5 INT_MAX+1 1
6 1 INT_MAX+1
INT_MAX: largest Integer
Which test technique has been applied in order to determine test cases 1 through 6?
A. Boundary value analysis.
B. State transition testing.
D. Decision table testing.
Q. 906: Consider the following state transition diagram and test case table:
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
A. The test case table exercises the shortest number of transitions.
B. The test case gives only the valid state transitions.
C. The test case gives only the invalid state transitions.
D. The test case exercises the longest number of transitions.
A. Only A is true; B, C and D are false.
B. Only B is true; A, C and D are false.
C. A and D are true; B, C are false.
D. Only C is true; A, B and.
A. The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be followed, while the tester chooses the tools and controls to be used.
B. The test manager plans, organizes and controls the testing activities, while the tester specifies, automates and executes tests.
C. The test manager plans, monitors and controls the testing activities, while the tester designs tests.
D. The test manager plans and organizes the testing and specifies the test cases, while the tester prioritizes and executes the tests.
Q. 908: Which of the following can be categorized as product risks?
A. Low quality of requirements, design, code and tests.
B. Political problems and delays in especially complex areas in the product.
C. Error-prone areas, potential harm to the user, poor product characteristics.
D. Problems in defining the right requirements, potential failure areas in the software or system.
Q. 909: Which of the following are typical test exit criteria?
A. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, test cost, schedule, state of defect correction and residual risks.
B. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, degree of tester independence and product completeness.
C. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, test cost, time to market and product completeness, availability of testable code.
Q. 910: As a Test Manager you have the following requirements to be tested:
Requirements to test:
R1 – Process Anomalies High Complexity
R2 – Remote Services Medium Complexity
R3 Synchronization Medium Complexity
R4 Confirmation Medium Complexity
R5 – Process closures Low Complexity
R6 Issues Low Complexity
R7 – Financial Data Low Complexity
R8 – Diagram Data Low Complexity
R9 – Changes on user profile Medium Complexity
Requirements logical dependencies (A -> B means that B is dependent on A.:
How would you structure the test execution schedule according to the
requirement dependencies?
A. R4 > R5 > R1 > R2 > R3 > R7 > R8 > R6 > R9.
B. R1 > R2 > R3 > R4 > R5 > R7 > R8 > R6 > R9.
C. R1 > R2 > R4 > R5 > R3 > R7 > R8 > R6 > R9.
D. R1 > R2 > R3 > R7 > R8 > R4 > R5 > R6 > R9.
Q. 911: What is the benefit of independent testing?
A. More work gets done because testers do not disturb the developers all the time.
B.Independent testers tend to be unbiased and find different defects than the developers.
C. Independent testers do not need extra education and training.
D. Independent testers reduce the bottleneck in the incident management process.
Q. 912: Which of the following would be categorized as project risks?
A. Skill and staff shortages.
B. Poor software characteristics.
C. Failure-prone software delivered.
D. Possible reliability defect (bug).
Q. 913: As a test manager you are asked for a test summary report. Concerning test activities and according to IEEE 829 Standard, what should you consider in your report?
A. The number of test cases using Black Box techniques.
B. A summary of the major testing activities, events and its status in respect of meeting goals.
C. Overall evaluation of each development work item.
D. Training taken by members of the test team to support the test effort.
Q. 914: You are a tester in a safety-critical software development project. During execution of a test, you find out that one of your expected results was not achieved. You write an incident report about it. What do you consider to be the most important information to include according to the IEEE Std. 829?
A. Impact, incident description, date and time, your name.
B. Unique id for the report, special requirements needed.
C. Transmitted items, your name and youre feeling about the defect source.
D. Incident description, environment, expected results.
Q. 915: Regression testing can be applied to which of the following?
II. Non-functional testing
III. Structural testing
Q. 916: Which one of the following best describes a characteristic of a keyworddriven test execution tool?
A. A table with test input data, action words, and expected results, controls execution of the system under test.
B. Actions of testers recorded in a script that is rerun several times.
C. Actions of testers recorded in a script that is run with several sets of test input data.
D. The ability to log test results and compare them against the expected results, stored in a text file.
Q. 917: Which of the following is NOT a goal of a Pilot Project for tool evaluation?
A. To evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices.
B. To determine use, management, storage, and maintenance of the tool and test assets.
C. To assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost.
D. To reduce the defect rate in the Pilot Project.
Q. 918: Below is a list of test efficiency improvement goals a software development and test organization would like to achieve.
Which of these goals would best be supported by a test management tool?
A. To build traceability between requirements, tests, and bugs.
B. To optimize the ability of tests to identify failures.
C. To resolve defects faster.
D. To automate selection of test cases for execution.
Q. 919: The digital Rainbow Thermometer uses 7 colors to show the ambient temperature. Each color spans a range of just 5 Deg. C, with an operating minimum and maximum of minus 5 Deg. C and 30 Deg.C. Which of the following values is LEAST likely to have been identified when applying the boundary value test design technique?
A. 30 Deg. C
B. 0 Deg. C
C. 8 Deg. C
D. 15 Deg.C
Q. 920: Which of the following are characteristic of test management tools?
a. They support traceability of tests to source documents.
b. They provide an interface to test execution tools.
c. They help to enforce coding standards.
d. They manipulate databases and files to set up test data.
A. a and c
C. a and b
Q. 922: Which of the following structure-based test design technique would be most likely to be applied to?
1 Boundaries between mortgage interest rate bands.
2 An invalid transition between two different areas statuses.
3 The business process flow for mortgage approval.
4 Control flow of the program to calculate repayments.
A. 2, 3 and 4
B. 2 and 4
C. 3 and 4
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q. 923: Which test requires the execution of the software component?
A. Formal inspection
B. Dynamic testing
C. Code walkthrough
D. Execution testing
Q. 924: What is the purpose of a test completion criterion?
D. to determine when to stop testing
Q. 926: Error guessing is best used:
A. after more formal techniques have been applied
B. as the first approach to deriving test cases
Q. 927: For which of the following test cases does test coverage analysis not assign the highest priority?
A. The ones that cover the most important quality risk
B. The ones that cover the requirements
C. The ones that cover conditions
D. The ones that cover the functions
Q. 928: Consider the following decision table.
Given this decision table on Car Rental, what is the expected result for the following test cases?
Clean Driving Record
Premium Charge?
TCI: A 26-year-old on business but with violations or accidents on his driving record
A. TCI: Don’t supply car; TC2: Supply car with premium charge.
B. TCI: Supply car with premium charge; TC2: Supply car with no premium charge.
C. TCI: Don’t supply car; TC2: Supply car with no premium charge.
D. TCI: Supply car with premium charge; TC2: Don’t supply car.
Q. 929: Requirement 24.3. A Postage Assistant will calculate the amount of postage due for letters and small packages up to 1 kilogram in weight. The inputs are: the type of item (letter, book or other package) and the weight in grams. Which of the following conform to the required contents of a test case?
A. Test the three types of item to post and three different weights [Req 24.3]
B. Test 1: letter, 10 grams, postage 0.25. Test 2: book, 500 grams, postage 1.00. Test 3: package, 999 gram, postage 2.53 [Req 24.3]
C. Test 1: letter, 10 grams to Belgium. Test 2: book 500 grams to USA. Test 3: package, 999 grams to South Africa [Req 24.3]
D. Test 1: letter 10 grams, Belgium, postage 0.25. Test 2: package 999 grams to South Africa, postage 2.53
Q. 930: Acceptance testing may occur at more than just a single test level. With the exception of:
A. A COTS software product may be acceptance tested when it is installed or integrated.
B. Acceptance testing of the usability of a component may be done during component testing.
C. Acceptance testing after a change has been released to the user community.
D. Acceptance testing of a new functional enhancement may come before system testing.
Q. 931: Integrity testing involves:
A. The testing of pseudo code
B. Performance testing
D.The final phase of testing prior to deployment
Q. 932: As a moderator in a typical formal review, what can be one of your responsibilities?
A. Deciding on the execution of reviews
B. Documenting all the issues and problems
C. Leading the review o f the documents
D. Identifying and describing the findings
Q. 933: Which is not a major task of test implementation and execution:
A. Develop and prioritizing test cases, creating test data, writing test procedures and optionally, preparing test harness and writing automated test scripts.
B. Logging the outcome of test execution and recording the identities and versions of the software under test, test tools and testware.
C. Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning.
D. Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly.
Q. 934 Which of the following is not appropriate for testing interactions between paths?
A. Path that people are particularly likely to follow
B. Choices at one menu level or data entry screen can affect the presentation of choices elsewhere
C. Test reaction to all combinations of valid and invalid inputs
D. Randomly select different paths in each test cycle
Q. 935: Which of the following is the main purpose of the component build and integration strategy?
A. to ensure that all of the small components are tested
B. to ensure that the system interfaces to other systems and networks
C. to ensure that the integration testing can be performed by a small team
D. to specify how the software should be divided into components
E. to specify which components to combine when, and how many at once
Q. 936: Which of the following BEST describes the difference between an inspection and a walkthrough?
A. Both inspections and walkthroughs are led by the author.
B. An inspection is led by a moderator and a walkthrough is led by the author.
C. Both inspections and walkthroughs are led by a trained moderator.
D. A walkthrough is led by the author. The author is not present during inspections.
A. At system and acceptance testing levels only.
B. At all test levels.
C. At all levels above integration testing.
D. At the acceptance testing level only.
Q. 938: What is the MAIN objective when reviewing a software deliverable?
A. To identify potential application failures by use of a test specification.
B. To identify defects in any software work product.
C. To identify spelling mistakes in a requirements specification.
D. To identify standards inconsistencies in the code.
Q. 939: As part of which test process do you determine the exit criteria?
A. Test planning.
B. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
D. Test control.
Q. 940: Which of the following is a MAJOR task of test implementation and execution?
A. Measuring and analyzing results.
B. Reporting discrepancies as incidents.
C. Identifying test conditions or test requirements.
D. Assessing if more tests are needed.
Q. 941: A thermometer measures temperature in whole degrees only. If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating is switchedoff. It is switched on again when the temperature reaches 21 degrees. What are the best values in degrees to cover all equivalence partitions?
A. 15,19 and 25.
B. 17,18 and19.
C. 18, 20 and22.
D. 16, 26 and 32.
Q. 942: A wholesaler sells printer cartridges. The minimum order quantity is 5. There is a 20% discount for orders of 100 or more printer cartridges. You have been asked to prepare test cases using various values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. Which of the following groups contain three test inputs that would be generated using Boundary Value Analysis?
A. 5, 6, 20
B. 4, 5, 80
C. 4, 5, 99
D. 1, 20, 100
Q. 943: What is the KEY difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?
A. Preventative tests and reactive tests are designed as early as possible.
B. Preventative tests are designed early; reactive tests are designed after the software has been produced.
C. Preventative testing is always analytical; reactive testing is always heuristic.
D. Preventative tests are designed after the software has been produced; reactive tests are designed early in response to review comments.
Q. 944: What determines the level of risk?
A. The cost of dealing with an adverse event if it occurs.
B. The probability that an adverse event will occur.
C. The amount of testing planned before release of a system.
D. The likelihood of an adverse event and the impact of the event.
Q. 945: Which of the following types of defects is use case testing MOST LIKELY to uncover?
i) Defects in the process flows during real-world use of the system.
ii) Defects in the interface parameters in integration testing.
iii) Integration defects caused by the interaction and interference of different components.
iv) Defects in the system as it transitions between one state and another.
A. ii, iii.
B. i, iii.
C. iii, iv.
D. i, ii
Q. 946: Which of the following is MOST important in the selection of a test approach?
A. Availability of tools to support the proposed techniques.
B. The budget allowed for training in proposed techniques.
C. Available skills and experience in the proposed techniques.
D. The willingness of the test team to learn new techniques.
Q. 947: Which of the following is a purpose of the review planning phase?
A. Log defects.
B. Explain the documents to the participants.
C. Gather metrics.
D. Allocate the individual roles.
Q. 948: A defect arrival rate curve:
A. Shows the number of newly discovered defects per unit time
B. Shows the number of open defects per unit time.
C. Shows the cumulative total number of defects found up to this time.
D. Any of these, depending on the company.
Q. 949: We can achieve complete statement coverage but still miss bugs because:
A. The failure occurs only if you reach a statement taking the TRUE branch of an IF statement, and you got to the statement with a test that passed through the FALSE branch.
B. The failure depends on the program’s inability to handle specific data values, rather than on the program’s flow of control.
C. We are not required to test code that customers are unlikely to execute.
Q. 950: Maintenance releases and technical assistance centers are examples of which of the following costs of quality?
A. External failure
B. Internal failure
C. Appraisal
D. Prevention
Q. 951: Bug life cycle
A. Open, Assigned, Fixed, Closed
B. Open, Fixed, Assigned, Closed
C. Assigned, Open, Closed, Fixed
D. Assigned, Open, Fixed, Closed
Q. 952: Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting
C. Reviewers
D. Author
Q. 953: A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule.
The delivery date for the product is four months away. The project is not allowed to slip the delivery date or compromise on the quality standards established for his product. Which of the following actions would bring this project back on schedule?
A. Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.
B. Add more engineers to the project to make up for lost work.
C. Ask the current developers to work overtime until the lost work is recovered.
D. Hire more software quality assurance personnel.
Q. 954: Use cases can be performed to test
C. Business scenarios
D. Static testing
Q. 955: The ___________ technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage
A. Boundary value analysis
Q. 956: The __________ testing is performed at the developing organizations site
B. Regression testing
Q. 957: The software engineers role in tool selection is
A. To identify, evaluate, and rank tools, and recommend tools to management
B. To determine what kind of tool is needed, then find it and buy it
C. To initiate the tool search and present a case to management
D. To identify, evaluate and select the tools
Q. 958: Which is not the software characteristics
A. Reliability
C. Scalability
Q. 959: A Test Plan Outline contains which of the following:
Q. 960: Which of the following is not a major task of Exit criteria?
A. Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning.
B. Logging the outcome of test execution.
C. Assessing if more tests are needed.
D. Writing a test summary report for stakeholders.
Q. 961: In a Examination a candidatehas to score minimum of 24 marks inorder to clear the exam. The maximum that he can score is 40 marks. Identify the Valid Equivalance values if the student clears the exam.
D. 0,15,22
Q. 962: Verification involves which of the following :-
B. i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
D. ii is true and i,iii,iv are false.
Q. 964: Hand over of Testware is a part of which Phase
Q. 965: Static analysis tools are typically used by
A. Testers
B. Developers
C. Testers & Developers
Q. 966: The specification which describes steps required to operate the system and exercise test cases in order to implement the associated test design
Q. 967: Test Case are grouped into Manageable (and scheduled) units are called as
A. Test Harness
B. Test Suite
C. Test Cycle
D. Test Driver
Q. 968: Which of the following statements are TRUE for informal reviews?
I. Easy to get started and have some benefit
II. Have no or minimal formal process
III. The process must be documented
IV. May include “paired programming”
A. I, II and IV
Q. 969: Which of the following statements describes a key principle of software testing?
A. Automated tests allow better statements of confidence about the quality of software products.
B. For a software system, it is normally impossible to test all the input and output combinations.
C. Exhaustive software testing is, with enough effort and tool support, feasible for all software.
D. The purpose of software testing is demonstrating the absence of defects in software products.
Q. 970: Testing with out a real plan and test cases is called
A. Gorilla testing
B. Monkey testing
Q. 971: Which rule should not be followed for reviews
A.Defects and issues are identified and corrected
B. The product is reviewed not the producer
C. All members of the reviewing team are responsible for the result of the review
D. Each review has a clear predefined objective
Q. 972: Which of the following are good candidates for manual static testing?
A. Requirement specifications, test plan, code, memory leaks.
B. Requirement specifications, test cases, user guides.
C. Requirement specifications, user guides, performance.
D. Requirement specifications, website, code, use cases.
Q. 973: ________is a very early build intended for limited distribution to a few key customers and to marketing for demonstration purposes.
A. Alpha release
B. Beta release
C. Test release document
D. Build
Q. 974: Which of the following could be a disadvantage of independent testing?
A. Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.
B. Communication is limited between independent testers and developers.
C. Independent testers are too slow and delay the project schedule.
D. Developers can lose a sense of responsibility for quality.
Q. 975: Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test?
A. Data tester
B. Boundary tester
C. Capture/Playback
D. Output comparator.
Q. 976: Incorrect form of Logic coverage is:
B. Pole Coverage
Q. 977: Code Coverage is used as a measure of what?
A. Defects
B. Trends analysis
C. Test Effectiveness
D. Time Spent Testing
Q. 978: Which one of the following are non-functional testing methods?
D. Both B & C
Q. 979: Which of the following could be a reason for a failure
1) Testing fault
2) Software fault
3) Design fault
4) Environment Fault
5) Documentation Fault
A. 2 is a valid reason; 1,3,4 & 5 are not
B. 1,2,3,4 are valid reasons; 5 is not
C. 1,2,3 are valid reasons; 4 & 5 are not
D. All of them are valid reasons for failure
Q. 980: Test are prioritized so that:
A. You shorten the time required for testing
B. You do the best testing in the time available
C. You do more effective testing
D. You find more faults
Q. 981: Which of the following statements about component testing is not true?
A. Component testing should be performed by development
B. Component testing is also know as isolation or module testing
C. Component testing should have completion criteria planned
D. Component testing does not involve regression testing
Q. 982: Equivalence partitioning is:
A. A black box testing technique used only by developers
B. A black box testing technique than can only be used during system testing
C. A black box testing technique appropriate to all levels of testing
D. A white box testing technique appropriate for component testing
Q. 983: Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
A. To ensure that all of the small modules are tested adequately
C. To specify which modules to combine when and how many at once
D. To ensure that the integration testing can be performed by a small team
E. To specify how the software should be divided into modules
Q. 984: Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review processes:
1. Led by author
5. Uses entry exit criteria
s) Inspection
t) Peer review
u) Informal review
v) Walkthrough
E. s = 4 and 5, t = 1, u = 2, v = 3
Q. 985: Given the following types of tool, which tools would typically be used by developers and which by an independent test team:
i. Static analysis
ii. Performance testing
iii. Test management
iv. Dynamic analysis
v. Test running
vi. Test data preparation
A. Developers would typically use i, iv and vi; test team ii, iii and v
B. Developers would typically use i and iv; test team ii, iii, v and vi
C. Developers would typically use i, ii, iii and iv; test team v and vi
D. Developers would typically use ii, iv and vi; test team I, ii and v
E. Developers would typically use i, iii, iv and v; test team ii and vi
Q. 986: Which of the following statements is NOT true:
A. Inspection is the most formal review process
B. Inspections should be led by a trained leader
C. Managers can perform inspections on management documents
D. Inspection is appropriate even when there are no written documents
E. Inspection compares documents with predecessor (source) documents
Q. 987: What can static analysis NOT find?
C. Whether the value stored in a variable is correct
D. The re-definition of a variable before it has been used
E. Array bound violations
Q. 988: What statement about expected outcomes is FALSE:
C. Expected outcomes include outputs to a screen and changes to files and databases
D. Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
E. Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times
Q. 989: Which of the following helps in monitoring the Test Progress:
i. Percentage of Test Case Execution
ii. Percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
iii. Defect Information e.g. defect density, defects found and fixed
iv. The size of the testing Team and skills of the engineers
A. iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
B. i,ii,iii are correct and iv is incorrect
C. i,ii are correct and iii,iv are incorrect
D. i,iv are correct and ii , iii are incorrect
Q. 990: Which of the following is true about White and Black Box Testing Technique:-
A. Equivalence partitioning, Decision Table and Control flow are White box Testing Techniques.
B. Equivalence partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis , Data Flow are Black Box Testing Techniques.
C. Equivalence partitioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques.
D. Equivalence Partitioning, State Transition, Use Case Testing and Decision Table are White Box Testing Techniques.
Q. 991: Which of the following is not phase of the Fundamental Test Process?
A. Test Planning and Control
C. Requirement Analysis
Q. 992: The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE 829 and is called as:
A. Anomaly Report
B. Defect Report
C. Test Defect Report
D. Test Incident Report
Q. 993: Evaluating testability of the requirements and system are a part of which phase:-
C. Test Implementation and execution
Q. 994: Which of the following is NOT part of a high level test plan?
A. Functions not to be tested.
B. Environmental requirements.
C. Analysis of Specifications.
D. Entry and Exit criteria.
Q. 995: If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class.
A. 23, 24, 25
B. 0, 12, 25
C. 30, 36, 39
Q. 996: One of the following is not a part of white box testing as per BS7925-II standards.
B. Data Flow testing.
C. Statement testing.
D. Syntax testing.
Q. 997: A piece of software has been given _______what tests in the Following will you perform?
1) Test the areas most critical to business processes
2) Test the areas where faults will be maximum
3) Test the easiest functionalities
A. 1&2 are true and 3 is false.
B. 1,2&3 are true.
C. 1 is true, 2&3 are false.
D. 1&2 are false, 3 is true
Q. 998: Which of the following is a type of non-functional testing?
A. Usability testing.
B. Statement Coverage.
C. Dataflow testing.
D. Cause-effect graphing.
Q. 999: Exclusive use of white box testing in a test-phase will:
A. Ensure the test item is adequately tested.
B. Make the need for black-box testing redundant.
C. Run the risk that the requirements are not satisfied.
D. Suffices for the unit testing phase.
Q. 1000: In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: An employee has $4000 of salary tax free. The next $1500 is taxed at 10% The next $28000 is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40%
To the nearest $ which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?
A. $1500
B. $32001
C. $28000
D. $33501
Q. 1001: Which of the following is true?
A.Component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box.
B. If u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
C. The fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
D. The more tests you run, the more bugs you will find
Q. 1002: If the pseudo code below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
1. If x=3 then
2. Display_messageX;
3. If y=2 then
4. Display_messageY;
5. Else
6. Display_messageZ;
Q. 1003: In which order should tests be run?
A. The most important tests first
B. The most difficult tests first(to allow maximum time for fixing)
C. The easiest tests first (to give initial confidence)
D. The order they are thought of
Q. 1004: A program validates a numeric field as follows:
Values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
A. 9,10,11,22
B. 9,10,21,22
C. 10,11,21,22
D. 10,11,20,21
Q. 1005: What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
A. How well you know a particular technique
B. The objective of the test
C. How appropriate the technique is for testing the application
D. Whether there is a tool to support the technique
Q. 1006: Which is not true-The black box tester
A. Should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
B. Should be able to understand the source code.
C. Is highly motivated to find faults
D. Is creative to find the systems weaknesses
Q. 1007: A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
A. The test manager should do only automated regression testing.
B. The test manager is justified in her decision because no bug has been fixed in other modules
C. The test manager should only do confirmation testing. There is no need to do regression testing
D. Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules
Q. 1008: Which of the following statements contains a valid goal for a functional test set?
A. A goal is that no more failures will result from the remaining defects
B. A goal is to find as many failures as possible so that the cause of the failures can be identified and fixed
C. A goal is to eliminate as much as possible the causes of defects
D. A goal is to fulfil all requirements for testing that are defined in the project plan.
Q. 1009: Which set of metrics can be used for monitoring of the test execution?
A. Number of detected defects, testing cost;
B. Number of residual defects in the test object.
C. Percentage of completed tasks in the preparation of test environment; test cases prepared
D. Number of test cases run / not run; test cases passed / failed
Q. 1010: Which of the following can be root cause of a bug in a software product?
(I) The project had incomplete procedures for configuration management.
(II) The time schedule to develop a certain component was cut.
(III) the specification was unclear
(IV) Use of the code standard was not followed up
(V) The testers were not certified
A. (I) and (II) are correct
B. (I) through (IV) are correct
C. (III) through (V) are correct
D. (I), (II) and (IV) are correct
Q. 1011: The following list contains risks that have been identified for a software product to be developed. Which of theserisks is an example of a product risk?
A. Not enough qualified testers to complete the planned tests
B. Software delivery is behind schedule
C. Threat to a patients life
D. 3rd party supplier does not supply as stipulated
Q. 1012: A test engineer is testing a Video Player (VCR), and logs the following report:
Title: Fast Forward stops after 2 minutes. It happens every time
Expected result: Fast forward continues till the end of the tape
Severity: High
Priority: Urgent
What important information did the engineer leave out?
A. Identification (Software and hardware) of the VCR
B. Actual result
C. History of the report
D. Ideas for the test case improvement
Q. 1013: Test data planning essentially includes
A. Network
B. Operational Model
D. Test Procedure Planning
Q. 1014: Functional testing is mostly
A. Validation techniques
B. Verification techniques
C. Both of the above
Q. 1015: Component integration testing can be done
A. Before Integration testing
B. After unit testing
C. After component testing
D. After system testing
Q. 1016: White Box Testing
A. Same as glass box testing
B. Same as clear box testing
Q. 1017: Equivalence partitioning consists of various activities:
A. Ensure that test cases test each input and output equivalence class at least once
B. Identify all inputs and all outputs
C. Identify equivalence classes for each input
Q. 1018: Static Analysis
A. Same as static testing
B. Done by the developers
Q. 1019: In formal review, Rework: fixing defects found typically done by _________
Q. 1020: The _________ may facilitate the testing of components or part of a system by simulation the environment in which the test object will run
A. Test Design tool
B. Test data preparation tool
C. Test execution tool
D. Test harness
Q. 1021: Which testing technique do you prefer for the following situations?
1. Severe time pressure
2. Inadequate specification
A. Decision testing
C. Statement testing
D. Exploratory testing
Q. 1022: Which of the following is false?
A. In a system two different failures may have different severities.
Q. 1023: Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
Q. 1024: Static analysis is best described as:
A. The analysis of batch programs.
B. The reviewing of test plans.
C. The analysis of program code.
D. The use of black box testing.
Q. 1025: Which of the following statements about reviews is true?
A. Reviews cannot be performed on user requirements specifications.
B. Reviews are the least effective way of testing code.
C. Reviews are unlikely to find faults in test plans.
D. Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
Q. 1026: A configuration management system would NOT normally provide:
A. Linkage of customer requirements to version numbers.
B. Facilities to compare test results with expected results.
C. The precise differences in versions of software component source code.
D. Restricted access to the source code library.
Q. 1027: Considering the following pseudo-code, calculate the MINIMUM number of test cases for statement coverage, and the MINIMUM number of test cases for decision coverage respectively.
READ A
READ B
READ C
IF C>A THEN
IF C>B THEN
PRINT “C must be smaller than at least one number”
PRINT “Proceed to next stage”
PRINT “B can be smaller than C”
A. 3, 3.
B. 2, 3.
C. 2, 4.
D. 3, 2.
Q. 1028: Why are static testing and dynamic testing described as complementary?
A. Because they share the aim of identifying defects and find the same types of defect.
B. Because they have different aims and differ in the types of defect they find.
C. Because they have different aims but find the same types of defect.
D. Because they share the aim of identifying defects but differ in the types of defect they find.
Q. 1029: In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.
B. V-Model
C. Spiral Model
D. RAD Model
Q. 1030: Entry criteria should address questions such as
I. Are the necessary documentation, design and requirements information available that will allow testers to operate the system and judge correct behavior.
II. Is the test environment-lab, hardware, software and system administration support ready?
III. Those conditions and situations that must prevail in the testing process to allow testing to continue effectively and efficiently.
IV. Are the supporting utilities, accessories and prerequisites available in forms that testers can use
D. II, III and IV.
Q. 1031: From the below given choices, which one is the Confidence testing
A. Sanity testing
C. Smoke testing
Q. 1032: What should be taken into account to determine when to stop testing?
I. Technical risk
II. Business risk
III Project constraints
IV Product documentation
A. I and II are true. III and N are false
B. III is true, I, II, and IV are false
C. I, II, and IV are true; III is false
D. I, II, and III are true, IV is false
Q. 1033: The following code segment contains a potential divide by 0 error.
J=50
while (N>=10) and (N<=10) loop
M [K] = J/N
K = K + 1
N = N 1
Which of the following is the most effective way of detecting this error?
A. Boundary testing
B. Condition testing
C. Compilation of the source code
D. Source code inspection
Q. 1034: IEEE stands for:
A. Information Engineering Endeavoring to Excel
B. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
C. Institute of Education for E-commerce Entrepreneurs
D. Individual Excellence in Engineering Enterprises
Q. 1035: What are good practices for testing within the development life cycle?
A. Early test analysis and design.
B. Different test levels are defined with specific objectives.
C. Testers will start to get involved as soon as coding is done.
D. A and B above.
Q. 1036: Postal rates for light letters are 25p up to 10g, 35p up to 50g plus an extra 10p for each additional 25g up to 100g. Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning?
A. 8, 42, 82, 102
B. 4, 15, 65, 92, 159
C. 10, 50, 75, 100
D. 5, 20, 40, 60, 80
Q. 1037: Which of the following would structure-based test design techniques be most likely to be applied to?
1. Boundaries between mortgage interest rate bands.
2. An invalid transition between two different arrears statuses.
3. The business process flow for mortgage approval.
4. Control flow of the program to calculate repayments.
D. 1,2 and 3
Q. 1038: Which of the following is the most important difference between the metrics-based approach and the expert-based approach to test estimation?
A. The metrics-based approach is more accurate than the expert-based approach.
B. The metrics-based approach uses calculations from historical data while the expertbased approach relies on team wisdom.
C. The metrics-based approach can be used to verify an estimate created using the expert-based approach, but not vice versa.
D. The expert-based approach takes longer than the metrics-based approach.
Q. 1039: Which of these statements about functional testing is true?
A. Structural testing is more important than functional testing as it addresses the code.
B. Functional testing is useful throughout the life cycle and can be applied by business analysts, testers, developers and users.
C. Functional testing is more powerful than static testing as you actually run the system and see what happens.
D. Inspection is a form of functional testing.
Q. 1040: How is the scope of maintenance testing assessed?
A. Scope is related to the risk, size of the changes and size of the system under test
B. Scope is defined by the size and type of system being changed
C. Scope is dependant on the amount of regression testing already performed
D. Scope is related to the number of system users affected by the change.
Q. 1041: Which of the following is a MAJOR task of evaluating exit criteria and reporting?
A. Writing a test summary report for stakeholders
B. Logging the outcome of test execution
C. Repeating test activities as a result of action taken for each discrepancy.
D. Evaluating testability of the requirements and system
Q. 1042: What is the USUAL sequence for performing the following activities during the Fundamental Test Process?
a. Analyze the test basis documents.
b. Define the expected results.
c. Create the test execution schedule.
d. Establish the traceability of the test conditions
A. d, a, c, b
B. a, d, b, c
C. a, b, c, d
D. a, b, d, c
Q. 1043: Which of the following activities would NORMALLY be undertaken during test planning?
a. Scheduling test analysis and design.
b. Designing Test Conditions.
c. Monitoring test progress.
d. Identifying the objectives of testing.
e. Evaluating test tools.
f. Selecting test metrics for monitoring and control.
A. b, c and d
B. a, d and f
D. b, c and f
Q. 1044: A wholesaler sells printer cartridges. The minimum order quantity is 5. There is a 20% discount for orders of 100 or more printer cartridges. You have been asked to prepare test cases using various values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. Which of the following groups contain three test inputs that would be generated using Boundary Value Analysis?
Q. 1045: Which of the following statements describe why exploratory testing is a useful test design technique?
a. It can help derive test cases based on the internal structure of systems.
b. It is useful when there are limited specification documents available.
c. It is useful when there testing is constrained due to time pressures.
A. b and c
Q. 1046: Which of the following statements correctly describes the benefit of fault attacks?
A. They are more effective at finding faults than formal test design techniques
B. They are useful when there is limited experience in the test team
C. They can evaluate the reliability of a test object by attempting to force specific failures to occur
D. They are less structured than other experience-based techniques
Q. 1047: From the list below, select the recommended principles for introducing a chosen test tool in an organization?
1. Roll the tool out to the entire organization at the same time.
2. Start with a pilot project.
3. Adapt and improve processes to fit the use of the tool.
4. Provide training and coaching for new users.
5. Let each team decide their own standard ways of using the tool.
6. Monitor that costs do not exceed initial acquisition cost.
7. Gather lessons learned from all teams.
A. 1, 2, 3, 5.
B. 1, 4, 6, 7.
C. 2, 3, 4, 7.
D. 3, 4, 5, 6.
Q. 1048: A deviation from the specified or expected behaviour that is visible to end-users is called:
Q. 1049: Testing throughout the project in a three-dimensional sense refers to the following dimensions:
A. Time, Resources, and Risk
B. Verification, Validation, and Defect Reporting
C. Time, Organizational, and Cultural
Q. 1050: Consider the following decision table.
Given this decision table on Card Issue, what is the expected result for the following test cases?
Indian Resident
Age between 18-55?
Q. 1051: Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
A. Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object
B. Because test execution is not allowed to proceed without the consent of the change control board
C. Because changes in the test object are always subject to configuration management
D. Because configuration management assures the right configuration of the test tools
Q. 1052: Why is successful test execution automation difficult?
A. Because the tools for automated testing require too much effort for learning
B. Because the maintenance of the test system is difficult
C. Because the test robot tools are restricted in their ability to recognize outputs
D. Because the test robot needs to be supported by a test management.
Q. 1053: Why is it necessary to define a Test Strategy?
A. As there are many different ways to test software, thought must be given to decide what will be the most effective way to test the project on hand.
B. Starting testing without prior planning leads to chaotic and inefficient test project
C. A strategy is needed to inform the project management how the test team will schedule the test-cycles
D. Software failure may cause loss of money, time, business reputation, and in extreme cases injury and death. It is therefore critical to have a proper test strategy in place.
Q. 1054: For the code fragment given below, which answer correctly represents minimum tests required for statement and branch coverage respectively?
Discount rate=1;
Fare = 1000;
If ((person == “senior citizen”) and (“travel month = January”))
Bonuspoints = 100+Bonuspoints
If (class==”first”)
discountRate = .5;
Fare = fare * discountRate;
A. Statement Coverage = 1, Branch Coverage = 2
B. Statement Coverage = 2, Branch Coverage = 2
C. Statement Coverage = 1, Branch Coverage = 3
D. Statement Coverage = 2, Branch Coverage = 4
Q. 1055: Given the following state transition table Which of the test cases below will cover the following series of state transitions? S1 SO S1 S2 SO
A. D, A, B, C.
B. A, B, C, D.
C. D, A, B.
D. A, B, C.
Q. 1056: Which of the following is not considered as a benefit of testing tools?
A. Ability to detect tiny changes that a human could not
B. Easy to implement and maintain
C. Test assets are more consistent
D. Ease of measurement of software quality
Q. 1057: Which of the following options is not related to static testing?
A. Test data preparation tools
B. Early defect detection
C. Scribe
D. Compilers
Q. 1058: Which of the following is not a part of Configuration Management?
A. Controlled library access
B. Record of changes to documentation over time
C. Auditing conformance to ISO9001
D. Identification of test versions
Q. 1059: Though activities in the Fundamental test process may overlap or occur concurrently, identify the logical sequential process.
(i) Test Implementation and Execution
(ii) Test Closure activities
(iii) Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
(iv) Test Planning and Control
(v) Test Analysis and Design
A. iv v iii ii i
B. v i iii ii iv
C. iv v i iii ii
D. v ii iii i iv
Q. 1060: One of the differences between the Modified Condition Decision Coverage and the Condition Coverage is:
A. The Condition Coverage ensures all paths through a module are executed whereas the Modified Condition Decision Coverage ensures each path in a decision can independently affect the outcome.
B. The Modified Condition Decision Coverage ensures all alternative paths are executed whereas the Condition Coverage ensure all main paths are executed.
C. The Condition Coverage ensures each condition takes all possible outcomes at lease once whereas the Modified Condition Decision Coverage requires both maximum and minimum values within each field.
D. The Modified Condition Decision Coverage relies on the testers skill and past experience whereas the Condition Coverage relies on the way in which the system moves from one condition to another.
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Hell's Kitchen and Couture Dreams
a memoir / scrapbook of NYC in the early 1970s
Author: DIRNDL SKIRT
Lovin’ Avenue A — again, if not always.
September 1, 2018 September 3, 2018 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
It hurts to still be in love with a city you now barely recognize. The rampant hyper-gentrification always sucker-punches me when I return: irreversible, botched plastic surgery on beloved neighborhoods and skylines, not allowed to age and change organically or with any grace. Yet I still manage to find, here and there, a vestige of what I remember from the early 70s—tactile reference to a certain dignity when New York City was considered (by the non-believers) to be down and out. It might be a faded sign on a building, or a scrawl of defiant graffiti. Or the city’s marginal people who still somehow survive, defying the slick surfaces of the latest bland glass and chrome box, and the iPhone culture that has no perception of anything or anyone beyond that screen.
Ave. A signage thru the decades
Yes! Or better yet—JAIL!
Willie shaving next to his chair-cocoon draped in a Hefty bag
Our neighborhood, and almost all New York, was dangerous. Full of litter and garbage, the city teetered on the brink of bankruptcy. Beggars, drug addicts, and homeless schizophrenics taking up valuable real estate on the sidewalks provided a reason for me to develop that famous New York attitude of detachment: dodging deftly without breaking stride while staring straight ahead. No eye contact, ever. Compassion, fear, distaste, curiosity; I had no time to process these feelings, and instead began to hone what seemed a necessary tool for survival.
Movies that took place here (that I watched as if doing research, while still in the safety of suburbia) portrayed something that was decidedly not for everyone. Midnight Cowboy transfixed me: a dark, achingly sad yet funny valentine that I held as a ticket to my intrepidity. There were stories here, and dreams, and roses in Spanish Harlem. And now, two new immigrants to the New World.
In fifteen years, the East Village would be gentrified and sweet-tarted up for The Slaves of New York, and today the Lower East Side is morphed unrecognizably into a clubland for the new, moneyed millennials. But “Girls Just Wanna Have Fun” meant something different in 1972. Sure, we wanted to have fun. We also just wanted to get home alive. A demographic virtually unto ourselves, my roommate and I did not loiter after dark.
I took the long, slow bus fifty blocks up First Avenue to my classes at Parsons, near Sutton Place. Peering out the window, my Army Navy bag and portfolio at my feet, I absorbed everything. The route took me through the East Village and past Bellevue, founded to serve “lunatics and paupers” in 1736, through Methadone Alley (I would learn later), past the immense and bland Met Life housing communities, then eventually opening up to UN Plaza, the elegant pocket parks of Tudor City, and finally into the high-rent neighborhood where Johnny Carson lived.
I carried a brown bag lunch the half-block from class to Sutton Park, overlooking the East River, and on days after my modest allowance arrived from home, would treat myself to a deli sandwich and almond horn pastry. Marilyn Monroe had lived here nearly a decade before, and on the corner of First Avenue I once caught a rare glimpse of the legend—Greta Garbo.
Still in business!
The return route went down Second Avenue, depositing me at dusk near the Provenzano Lanza Funeral Home. My pace and my pulse picked up as I navigated east, choosing 6th Street for its strip of macrobiotic restaurants and hippie element as the first leg of my walk home. Next I zig-zagged, positively toward 4th Street and down First Avenue with its dairy restaurants and bakeries, to 2nd Street where I hung a left, past the housing project that was full of elderly immigrants living out their days. All of ten minutes from the bus stop, I arrived at Avenue A, where I picked up a pint of Haagen Dazs at Key Food and scuttled several doors down to our building, just past the minuscule Hispanic storefront selling candy and contraband. Finally, up five flights of stairs, until barred in safely for the night. — Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
copyright Sharon Watts
Not Yet the Boss of Me
November 30, 2017 November 30, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
Me in 1969
The Age of Aquarius dawned on my generation with a bowl of granola, a “Make Love, Not War” protest sign, and a birth control pill.
Hugely popular books were Our Bodies, Ourselves, The Joy of Sex, and The Sensuous Woman, offering us heady new empowerment to push puritanical boundaries and discover the pleasures that (thank god!) went beyond those church-issued booklets on “becoming a woman.”
The rules for the guys, however, hadn’t really changed (not since they basically took the liberties to invent them in the first place). As the saying went: “Boys will be boys.” And in the early 1970s, a lot of them were now our bosses. (Not much has changed there either.)
If we didn’t feel any support when we needed it back then, we certainly have it now. We are Woman, hear us roar (finally)! In 1973, I found myself in a near-universal #metoo predicament.
A few months into my third and final year of art school, I decided I could manage yet another part-time job. I turned to the Village Voice classifieds and saw something I imagined would be a perfect fit. Having no previous experience had never stopped me before, and so I circled with a red pen: Cocktail waitresses wanted for new restaurant in garment district. I had lost a few pounds over the summer and my hair was longer, giving me the courage to imagine stepping into one of my teen fantasies—the one where I am soignée and sophisticated, twirling on a bar stool at dusk, the Manhattan skyline as a backdrop and a martini in the foreground.
I showed up for the interview and was hired on the spot. However, I would not be serving Manhattans straight up, my witty banter and insouciant smile drawing generous tips and flirtations from charming men. Those three positions went to exotic young Asian beauties whose graceful bodies were perfect for leaning over in their tight, black dresses while balancing a tray of cocktails. No, I was going to be something else entirely, something I had never even heard of— a wine sommelier. For a kosher-Chinese restaurant. I was neither Jewish nor Chinese, and I knew nothing about wine. Moshe Peking now had a goy on staff.
The bottle-blonde wife of one of the owners took me to Saks Fifth Avenue to buy my uniform—two suits in polyester double-knit by Act III. The red, white and blue plaid won the dowdiness title hands down. I looked in the dressing room mirror, utterly doubtful, as Elaine adjusted the shoulders.
“You know, you were hired because you have a wholesome quality. It will encourage the customers to order bottles of wine for the table.”
Next stop was to visit the president of the wine company. This I was entrusted to do on my own. A diminutive yet pudgy middle-aged man ushered me into his office. The windows offered a view of Macy’s and on the streets far below, racks of wholesale clothing shuttled between trucks and warehouse entrances with an urgency that provided the current to this strange neighborhood I had first explored on my high school field trip. That seemed like eons ago. I listened conscientiously while he described every type of wine his Israeli vineyards produced, as he loaded me up with a barrage of pamphlets to study in order to become an expert company representative. I gathered everything together to leave.
“Wait a minute, there is something else.” Turning toward him as he lunged—with octopus arms and a badly aimed kiss—I managed to dodge any follow-through to this decidedly unkosher advance. (Was I becoming conditioned to unexpected moves from grown men?) What resulted was an almost farcical chase around the brown leather couch, until I slipped out the door and down the hallway to the elevator. Flushed and angry, my discomfort level was both tempered and confused by a gut feeling that I wasn’t in any real danger, just in yet another predicament where my power as a woman was squashed. (If I wasn’t in real danger, did that make it all okay?) Sexual harassment on the job still offered a blurry definition to me. I never told my bosses what had transpired, afraid I would be fired before my first paycheck. —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
September 20, 2017 September 21, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ 1 Comment
Here is a phrase I only just became aware of: nostalgie de la boue (“yearning for the mud”). In his chapter on the demise of Times Square in Vanishing New York: How A Great City Lost Its Soul, author and blogger Jeremiah Moss further clarifies this, via architecture critic Herbert Muschamp, as “the sentimental attachment to decrepitude and sleaze . . .a venerable urban tradition.”
Muschamp went further, in 1996: “Where have they gone, the chicken hawks and stiletto knife displays, the peep show shills, the pickpockets, coke heads, winos, pimps and tramps? We had a world class gutter here. Must we trade it in for a shopping strip of retail chain outlets?”
If Muschamp and Moss can lament, let me add my small voice to the chorus. That tawdry, tactile, magnificent mess of a neighborhood was my first home in New York City, and I too mourn its demise. The world it contained informed the adult-child I was in the early Seventies just as indelibly as had the small suburban enclave where I grew up.
Danger always flickers at the edges of any child’s universe. Disappearing fathers with their strong, reassuring arms catapult one closer to the flames, testing personal limits and capabilities of how to feel safe. Alone. All these years later, faint tracers of that trajectory still stream through my consciousness.
The last time I was on 42nd Street between Broadway and Eighth Avenue and felt any vestige of that hyper-pulsating block (that I dared myself to walk down upon arrival, just to see if I came out of it alive), was in the late 1980s. I had earned my green belt in karate and needed to buy a bō, a long martial art stick, from a shop that might have been there all those years previous, tucked between peep shows and porn theaters. The irony didn’t escape me. All I was packing in 1971 was an eighteen-year-old “good girl’s” sense of daring. I wasn’t in Kansas anymore, and I knew it.
The Disney-fication starting to happen in the 1990s, and my red flags went up as the red light district went out. It all sort of sounded good, on the surface. Make things safer? Who could argue? Perversely, me.
Fear is a basic instinct—nothing else heightens the sense of feeling alive as that breath you finally exhale when you get just past it. Yet, I guess it’s all relative. For me, the all-consuming plague of corporate porn is far worse than the old-fashioned garden variety that once flourished in Times Square. I could never attempt to match Jeremiah Moss as he describes meticulously why it this is so, in Vanishing New York.
All I know is that I feel gutted when I visit my old neighborhood.
How easily I plugged into that throbbing street energy, and with it, the tactile seediness. My suburban backdrop faded into history—bland Colonial and ranch houses (reflecting even blander life prospects), slow trawls through the local hangout, McDonalds (required first stop with a newly acquired drivers license), unrequited crushes on boys (both squeaky clean jocks and the shadier rebels without a cause)—all just an out-of-town tryout for the stage set before me.
Our turf. Irish bars with wafts from steam table fare and stale beer snaking over the sidewalks, pawnshops beckoning with diamond rings and musical instruments long abandoned by desperate owners, shoeshine men stationed on high-traffic corners with stained fingers whipping the rag, over and over, and tired hookers tucked into sooty SRO doorways trying to meet nightly quotas for their pimps, who, like cockroaches, were rarely seen in the light of day. Enveloping, even nurturing—while soaring above it all—was that ever-seductive siren, the Broadway theater world: the heart of the sexy beast beating deep behind velvet curtains.
They say the neon lights are bright on Broadway
They say there’s always magic in the air.
Second Day in NYC – Mon. Sept. 6, 1971 (Labor Day)
[Letter to high school friend]
Dear D____ ,
Tessa and I were walking all over town today—I really like her. The Y is fantastic—big room (not dingy at all), good location (the theater district). Like 8th Ave. is junky, but things improve as you go east. The location is good cause it’s a 10 minute walk to Central Park, 5th Ave., & any other midtown place & subway. Yesterday we got in at 1:30, lugged all my junk up (my mom got the look-over by the elevator guy & told me to watch out for him). Tessa got in at 6 and we didn’t go out, just talked and talked. Today we found out 8th Ave. is the prostitute hang-out, & there’s a porno movie house opposite our room. But there’s also, just catty-corner from us, a Howard Johnson’s, a deli (with YOGURT!) around the corner—like everything is so convenient. So we’ll likely stay here all year. We fell in love with the city today. — Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
lyrics copyright Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller
Ferry Princess
July 26, 2017 July 27, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
Summertime, and the livin’ is easy. Unless you are five years old and miss having your daddy around to jump in the ocean or shoot water pistols with. Well, today I got a splash of cold water in my face. My whole life I thought that my first visit to New York City was on a school field trip in 1970, when I was a junior in high school. I discovered evidence to the contrary—an old box of slides taken by my paternal grandfather includes one with me on what appears to be a Circle Line ferry with my “Mammaw.”
Yep, that’s me—pixie cut and plaid dirndl skirt. Why do I have no memories of this? Didn’t I know right then and there that NYC was my destiny?
Meanwhile, I had discovered something of interest right on the boat: a dazzling specimen of a human, Che Guevara only sweeter, with high cheekbones and windswept hair that lifted off and touched down on lithe shoulders enveloped in a dramatic Peruvian-looking cape. Tessa also got wise to his aura, and we nudged each other, giggling. The Brooklyn Bridge, the United Nations, Tudor City, Hell’s Gate, Harlem—all became a backdrop eclipsed by this alluring stranger as we tried to guess who or what he might be—surely a poet!
Or—maybe a drug dealer? Every once in a while, an imposing black man with a bald head and draped in a white shearling maxi-coat strode over and exchanged a few words with him. When the tour ended, the mysterious couple left the boat separately and then met up on the West Side Highway. Like two Nancy Drews, we followed them east. By the third corner, while waiting for the green light, the Isaac Hayes character arranged the cape around Mr. Exotica’s neck and shoulders a little snugger, nuzzling him with an air of possessive intimacy. Tessa and I looked at each other and groaned.
“Oh no! He’s gay!”
The nature of the relationship, previously in our collective hormonal blind spot, was now more obvious, cutting through all the intrigue. What a waste of male beauty was the provincial thought bubble that popped into my growing worldly consciousness.
We stopped in Smiler’s Deli to assuage our sorrows with Drake’s Cakes, and retreated with our bounty to our room at the Y.
It seems really weird hearing you talk about frats, etc. It’s so far away from my life up here. Tessa & I took a Circle Line Tour of Manhattan 2 Sundays ago. We discovered a beautiful, exotic-looking guy about half way around—dark, long hair, in a long cape, & alone. We physically were in no condition to attract his attention [referring to our fat shame, not our gender] , but we decided to keep our eyes on him. And we saw our first transvestite. He-she was definitely a male in face—complete with wig, make up, mini-skirt, nylons, boots, & pocketbook. Kind of a pity if you’re a “woman” trapped in a man’s body. —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
More from the Circle Line Tour chapter
Whose Skyline Is It Anyway?
July 10, 2017 July 10, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ 2 Comments
It’s every generation’s lament. When I look at the downtown city skyline, I barely recognize anything. The area—especially around and below Houston Street—is now shimmying with new kids on the block. Ubiquitous glass and chrome high-rises continue to shoulder their way into old neighborhoods like the Lower East Side. I know change is inevitable, I know Manhattan was founded on the bedrock of commerce—but like most aging New Yorkers, I also love to complain about it. New millennial money, faux immigrant hipsters, and corporate chutzpah have made me avoid my old stomping grounds for over a decade. But this past weekend I wanted to take in a block festival in NoHo, see an art exhibit on Eldridge Street, and purchase my favorite plastic summer slippers in Chinatown. Where I finally found a skyline that I could still embrace.
My very first apartment was on 2nd Street between Avenues A and B. In 1971, you made sure you were triple-locked-in at night. But—oh!— during the day, there was nothing more exotic than exploring the Lower East Side.
Tessa and I pooled the last of our five dollar bills and moved our meager belongings out of the YWCA—one trip via “Man with Van”—down to 2nd Street between Avenues A and B. Our new home would be a fifth floor walk-up with the prerequisite ornate fire escape, dingy hallway, cooking smells, and marble stairs; each one literally worn down and sloped to the center from a century of treading shoes. The heavy door had a peephole and the old iron police lock—a bar that angled up from a slot in the floor on the interior to brace the back of the door against a break-in. Once inside, we were standing in the small kitchen dominated by a claw-footed bathtub next to the sink. A tiny water closet off to the side was large enough for a toilet, with its pull chain connecting to a wooden box suspended above. I loved the very quaintness of the antique plumbing, every yank of the chain metaphorically flushing away the rube I had been. Exposed brick walls added the kind of charm I could never even imagine in my suburban fantasizing, and a non-working potbellied stove plunked in the central room was altar to our new sanctuary.
“Wow. I can’t believe we’re here in our own place!” I circled slowly to take it all in. The pièce de résistance was a partitioned area that housed our separate closet-sized bedrooms. Each held a loft bed platform with a built-in desktop and clothing rod below. There was no natural light; the windows faced an air shaft with a foreshortened view of the next building that we could almost touch. A burglar gate was in place over the kitchen window next to the fire escape. Who needed light? We were positively beaming!
Our landlord had even given us a modest stipend to furnish the flat. Feeling like kids let loose in a candy store, Tessa and I first bought thick foam cut to order on East Houston Street—two mattresses for our loft beds. That was our first encounter with Hassidic shopkeepers who were ruling over their individual fiefdoms in cramped and dusty storefronts while I had been wheeling a cart in the wide-aisled Weis Market and selecting sheets in Bowman’s department store back home. Next we purchased a used wooden kitchen table and an old rocking chair, precariously hauling them by foot down Avenue A on a mover’s dolly. Home Sweet Tenement! —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
There’s no place like home!
Hanging Out in Washington Square
April 11, 2017 July 30, 2018 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ 4 Comments
The Lower East Side’s counterrevolutionary troubadour David Peel died last Thursday. I knew of him because he used to hang out in Washington Square Park, and because he was collaborating with John and Yoko at a time I was feeling a bit untethered to my Beatlemania roots. They had officially and publicly split on April 10, 1970, when Paul made the announcement (dragging a few years behind John’s admission of the fact). I halfheartedly followed the Fab Four individually, with less passion and success. John and Yoko were living at the Dakota, and alternately drove around in a white limo and walked by themselves like regular New Yorkers in Central Park and Washington Square, where they discovered Peel.
Living on Bleecker Street in 1972, I often hung out in the park, keeping to myself. Sometimes I was approached. As anonymous as I thought I wanted to be, there was something about being there and singled out for anything other than panhandling that felt like a casting call. One time, it actually was.
My social life at present consists of going to Washington Square with Tessa at night and grooving with the local derelicts. Tony, the toothless poet, King Frog, Enoch, & Rudy . . . all of them black & always drunk. On weekends David Peel & the Lower East Side (John & Yoko sang & played with them on “David Frost”) come to the park & play really weird chanting, neat music that turns on every drunk in the place. I like it too. That’s how we get to meet the local celebrities (not David Peel & the Lower East Side, but the derelicts).
Washington Square Park was the magnet that drew everyone below 14th Street, and I was no exception. I took along a sketchbook in my knapsack and filled it with drawings of people’s backs, too shy to engage in eye contact with my subjects while capturing them in charcoal. I blended in with the crowd of laid back loungers, war protesters, troubadours, pot dealers, pram pushers, chess players, frisbee tossers, young lovers, and elderly pensioners. Starting with kids and dogs in the fountain, the diversity of co-existence fanned out centrifugally, leaving no patch of park unoccupied.
That’s why I was surprised when singled out to participate in a NYU student film. Getting over my self-consciousness, I followed direction until the late afternoon light turned to dusk. Much to my disappointment, the film did not become the follow-up to Martin Scorcese’s Mean Streets. And I never saw the final clip. —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
I guess I didn’t tell you I was in a film, did I? I was in Washington Square reading, & as I got up to leave a girl asked me if I’d be in a film she was doing (she was in 3rd year at NYU filmmaking). It was silent, & just about a girl (me) sitting in the park and a black guy comes up like all guys do (“Hey baby, whatcha doing?”) etc. and I just sit there with no expression, but then there’s a fantasy where I get mad & shove him off, & then it goes back to reality where I still have no expression and walk off. It was fun to do, & finally I got a chance to act (Ha!) Look for me in your local theatre. —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
March 16, 2017 March 18, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
The term refers to college basketball, but I’m going to play it fast and loose here. I have snow in my driveway that tops my mukluks, dumped by a lion of a nor’easter that had the nerve to roar in after Daylight Savings Time arrived. Ignoring that, I plow through scrapbook memorabilia on my dining room table, as I add visuals to my memoir (after all, it is being labeled as a scrapbook-memoir).
I am hoping for solar power to kick in outdoors, as cabin fever propels this project forward.
When I was in high school I had virtually no interest in sports. I got laid up with a bout of mononucleosis in 1970 and ended up on the sofa, becoming mesmerized by “Pistol” Pete Maravich.
My sister wrote me a letter after I moved to New York that I saved in my scrapbook. Pete had gone professional, my interest had faded, but seeing this made me recall that moment where basketball, and not fashion (or cold water flats), claimed all of my attention:
The heat & hot water came back yesterday . . . And our rug is finally drying. There’s still one more little leak . . .We don’t have an ironing board yet—not too much to iron but we do it on the living room rug.
After five months of broken faucets, flooding pipes, and stints of no heat or hot water in the dead of winter, Tessa and I were no longer so enamored of the Lower East Side. And those were just the plumbing issues. Another indoor assault—cockroaches! Having never seen one until I arrived, the little antennae poking out of a hole in the wall one day were kind of cute—who could this be? Apparently a scout, who then deemed our humble abode to be ripe for pillaging. The toxic spray and boric acid we bought in the local hardware store were no match for these seasoned veterans. When the apocalypse comes, both water and cockroaches will prevail.
Outside was a more dangerous war zone. It started with a quality of life issue—within a week, our newly installed downstairs buzzer had its wires clipped and the buzzer stolen. Then an upstairs neighbor was robbed, and we were informed by a septuagenarian Slavic tenant that he shooed away someone trying to break into our apartment through the front door. We had witnessed a mugging on the street, and on Avenue B, two police officers were gunned down by a splinter group of the Black Panthers. Hopefully not Ace.
Our only new friend was our downstairs neighbor. A recent Baltimore transplant and Dylan fanatic, Jim had hair past his shoulders and managed to be more of a movie nut than I was. He had seen Midnight Cowboy sixteen times to my three, and conversed in exclamation points:
“Watts!! You gotta see the John Ford triple bill playing at the St. Marks! Red River! Best film ever made! John Wayne and Montgomery Clift!”
Soon he would almost convince me that a macrobiotic diet was the way to go, and lent me his bible: You Are All Sanpaku by George Ohsawa, who introduced the west to eating according to yin and yang. And what is “sanpaku”?
Jim was only too happy to explain. “It’s when the whites of the eye can be seen below the iris! Look at our unhealthy western diet—all that over-processed white flour and white sugar! Look at JFK—he had sanpaku really bad!”
According to my new friend, this condition had something to do with the demise of the president, and so for weeks I couldn’t help but stare into the mirror to see if my irises were floating up into my head, precipitating some horrible lurking fate.
Bypassing the brown rice and broccoli for our last supper in our first apartment, we invited Jim and our old HoJo’s pal Julio to a tuna noodle casserole followed by my latest food obsession, Häagen-Dazs rum raisin. —Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
So You Wanna Be A Fashion Illustrator
January 6, 2017 January 6, 2017 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
Forty-five years ago (!) (I just did the math, both in my head and on the calculator), I was shifting into what would ultimately be the ejector seat that got me to where I am today. Which is sitting in a chair at my computer, going through digital mountains of Collyer Brothers-style desktop folders filled with scans of my art through the decades. Over the years I have often detoured from the fashion art I had felt destined to create since childhood, but the whimsical style that became my career trademark is all here— interspersed with more serious veins I tapped into through collage, assemblage, and photography. This is one of my new year’s resolutions: to see what all I have and organize it. The archivist in me is following her slightly OCD’d lead.
I still have my tackle box for toting art supplies, and my first and only pack of Color-aid paper. All purchases were made at the Parsons School of Design “company store” in 1971.
After a bumpy first semester, where I decided that Draping and I were never going to be a seamless match, I switched departments from Fashion Design to Fashion Illustration. And the rest is, shall we say, history.
By the end of the first semester, I had managed to extricate myself from the Fashion Design department and was transferred into Fashion Illustration with my full scholarship intact. Amid my angst of landing in the wrong place after all those childhood years of strategic fashion career planning, there was also discomfort from my weight gain and shame. I no longer enjoyed dressing inventively, or envisioning myself in my own creations that had once filled spiral sketchbooks. Besides, I had gotten a whiff of where fashion was heading and I wasn’t embracing it. Counterculture values were combining with my newly hatching mores, convincing me that there were more important things to focus on than French bodices and cutting fabric on the bias. Besides, the current styles were meant for very thin, androgynous people.
Like Richard—my first openly gay friend—who always came to draping class with a pale midriff peeking out from under a cropped sweater, slim arms stacked wrist to elbow with his signature chunky Art Deco bakelite bracelets. From there, it was a short trajectory to the glam rock look that would erupt onstage just one year and a few blocks away from our Avenue A apartment, at CBGB’s on the Bowery.
After the department transfer, I found myself in the deep end with city sophisticates from the High School of Art and Design—mostly young women with names like Romney, Anelle, and Karin (with an “i”)—poised and secure on their classroom stools, and in their place in the world, or so it seemed to me. They wore boutique folkloric blouses and pricey Frye boots, and were clannish with each other and chummy with the teachers. Desks lined three sides of the classroom, freeing up the wall for us to hang our 18” X 24” newsprint pad sketches. I would compare our differing styles, wondering if I could hold my chin above water in that talent pool on the Upper East Side.
Soon I would even be mixing with the General Illustration department, leaving behind Women’s Wear Daily dish for discussions about Cat Stevens, Carlos Castaneda, and Color Theory.
Fri. Jan.21, 1972
I like illustration a lot. Here is my schedule:
Even tho my course names are repeated, I always have a different teacher. No homework so far, either. This weekend, Penny and I are going to art galleries, buying furniture, going to church (?!) (you heard right—Norman Vincent Peale’s), eating out in a cheese restaurant, and seeing A Clockwork Orange (again).
There’s so many things (little) wrong with the apartment—the piping at the tub still leaks (it was fixed once), there hasn’t been hot water, & no heat! We might check out another apartment on 12th St. that is a bit smaller and $200/month to our $180. Ours has more character but is more of a fire trap. Also, in my bedroom, the ceiling is cracked and water or something leaked along the cracks from the apartment above us. Plus someone is breaking into mailboxes.
I’m in a life drawing class now, on a break. I think the only other “A” in Life Drawing besides me last semester was Richard.
Well, that’s all that happened.
P.S. Art supplies CO$T A LOT!! — Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
“You Can’t Go Home Again” . . . (but we always try)
December 1, 2016 December 1, 2016 ~ DIRNDL SKIRT ~ Leave a comment
The holiday season is upon us. My knee jerk reaction to the first jarring jangle of a Christmas carol is always a groan, usually while running an errand in a dollar store, buying toilet paper or hydrogen peroxide.
I know I’ll eventually get with the program, even though I’ve strayed from my suburban shopping roots. I just like to keep things simple, stay out of malls, and no, I do not need to make a trek to Rockefeller Plaza to see the tree. (But I might, if the spirit moves me.)
I have no childhood memory of Black Friday, now with all its stampeding, guns-in-Walmart-parking-lots notoriety that we’ve come to expect. We bought Christmas gifts, but it wasn’t out of control. ( I feel every tipping point has been reached in my lifetime, for the worse, and so I’ve become more of a Gregorian chanting grinch this time of year. And I like it.)
So I look back on my first holiday after moving to New York City, in 1971. And I wish I could beam myself back there. One whiff of Lebanon “baloney” would do just that, but you can’t find Seltzers outside Pennsylvania, and ordering it online would defeat the purpose. Besides, by now I am nearly vegan.
Mammaw Watts at her stove top
The Thomas Wolfe quote “You can’t go home again” was starting to resonate when I returned to my hometown. It was the holiday season, and I brought exotic treats back for my family and friends to taste, wanting to share my world that had expanded beyond Sunbeam Bread and Lebanon “baloney,” Charles Chips and sticky buns.
I opened the fresh halvah divided into chunks—plain, with pistachios, and chocolate-covered—bought from the international food market vendor on Ninth Avenue. (“How much you want?” he asked with a vague accent. I held up my thumb and index finger to indicate how thick to slice, and savored a free sample melting on my tongue while my purchase was wrapped in opaque waxed paper.)
Eagerly awaiting their swoons, I received instead: “What exactly is it? It tastes like cold potatoes.” Middle Eastern candy made from sesame seeds? Our family tree didn’t extend to that neck of the woods; its taste buds apparently were quite comfortable squatting where they had been for several centuries, adjacent to Pennsylvania Dutch farmland and connected at the hip to the home of Hershey’s chocolate.
I pulled a chair up to my grandparents’ Formica table. Before me was a smorgasbord of beets and pickled eggs, coleslaw, apple butter, bread, lunch meat, sliced American cheese, and Pappaw’s homemade condiments: mayonnaise and ketchup. This was the part that I always could go home to again. Or so it felt.
Nov. 3rd, 1971
Dear Sharon,
You must be very busy with your work, keep it up. We are so glad you like it there, it’s a busy town. The goodies you were telling me about sound great.
We had a nice time on Sunday, I had your Mom and Dianne down for dinner. I had smoked pork chops, baked potatoes, aramatic vegetables, Jello that I made with the orange juice and pineapple juice, and one tablespoon of plain jelletin. I make my own that way there is nothing but the plain fruit juice, I also put carrots and pineapple in it.
I just made myself some Honey Tea, a tsp. of Honey and a cup of hot water. It’s good for your kidney’s.
I will write soon, be careful.
Mammaw & Pappaw
—Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
This memoir is finished. I will still post here while I work on a query letter and try to find an agent in 2017. The scrap-booking aspect continues, and that is the fun part for me. The writing was all cathartic, as well as my sincere effort to share New York City at a particular time. Meanwhile, I am entering a free memoir contest here: http://tinyurl.com/j4d3kqz, with Jennifer Wills of the Seymour Agency as judge. Wish me luck!
“Fasten Your Seat Belts . . .”
Two days after the presidential election, I was in the city—my emotional touchstone. All day long I had done my walking meditation, hobbling in new (but sturdy) shoes, from Grand Central to the Upper East Side, through Central Park and over to Riverside Drive. I sometimes forgot that this was a new world. A lunch date with a friend I had reconnected with after a thirty-year hiatus had us lamenting the “good old bad old days” in Hell’s Kitchen. With what we’d been through in our lives, we could deal with this looming apocalypse, right?
Darkness fell, and I continued down upper Broadway past the Trump Tower on Columbus Circle that replaced the Gulf & Western Building (which housed an underground movie theater in 1970, where I first saw Midnight Cowboy). Finally, heading down Eight Avenue somewhere in the 40s, I realized I was desperately seeking comfort, looking for familiar landmarks to pin me to a map in my head (and heart) that went back over forty years.
Entire blocks are now eviscerated. Blarney Stones have yielded to video game streetscapes, a Trump-visioned hell. I didn’t expect such physical disorientation that had me second- and third-guessing my sanity as I tried to locate a cross street sign. Passing the neon reminder that Smith’s Bar still existed, I briefly considered ducking into the neighborhood hangout that I had never hung out in. Spiffed up by new owners, it teemed with pre-theater goers—something that definitely was not part of the Runyonesque clientele that reflected the neighborhood back in 1972. I wasn’t looking for a yuppified Times Square institution. I was looking for a place that felt timeless. All I wanted was something even peripherally from my past, that predated Disney’s porn-ification of Times Square.
Swinging a left onto a stretch of 44th Street layered like a pastrami sandwich with tourists lined up for their 7 p.m. curtain times, I saw the sign.
In 1971, when I lived within spitting distance of the legendary landmark
—famous for its celebrity caricatures and frequented by Broadway stars and theater critics—
I was too intimidated to enter. Now I was ready. I was fastening my seat belt for a bumpy four years.
With my modest monthly allowance, I somehow managed to see almost every play that came to life within the neon trapezoid that encompassed the theater district. Balcony seats in 1971 cost $7, yet I had another, still more frugal ploy. I would arrive at intermission break, mingle with the crowd outside, then enter with them for the second act. Making my way up to the rear balcony, I discreetly nestled on the aisle steps, unreported by the paying seat holders and unnoticed by the usherettes in their prim white collars and black cardigans. By now their flashlights were off and they were clustered in the ladies’ lounge puffing on cigarettes or catching up on gossip. By now, they were far too jaded to the magic happening on stage.
Fri. Sept. 17th, 1971
It’s now 11:30, & Penny & I just got back from a walk around town. First we had ice cream at Howard Johnson’s, where we’re pretty good friends with this guy that works at the counter. He always gives us extra and 1/2 off. Then we felt so full we had to walk around (it was dark) & it was really nice—everyone dressed up to go to the theatre. But we decided to walk through the lobbies of the big hotels. First the Taft (to go to the bathroom), then the NY Hilton. We glanced in the Kismet Room at the Hilton, & these guys (def. between 25-60) invited us in & we said we didn’t have any money but they said they’d buy, so they were smashed & we had 2 sloe gin fizzes a piece, plus the musician came by to play the accordian & sing. They spent $3 on each of us & invited us to see Englebert Humperdink right up the street, but we declined & got out. Then we hit the Warwick, the Park Lane (Central Park South—very ritzy) & the Plaza—just hitting the newsstands & gawking at the classy lobbies. Then we went past Thursday’s, a night-clubbish bar/restaurant for “young singles,” & ended up talking to the doorman who wanted Penny’s number. It was about 10:15, so we headed home. . . . Did I tell you about the Hare Krishna guy who got us in his apartment? — Hell’s Kitchen and Couture Dreams
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Star Wars Rebels: Double Agent Droid
Star Wars Rebels: Double Agent Droid - Review
Did you hear about the time Han Solo broke the Refresher in the Falcon?
byEric Goldman
Posted March 14, 2017, 11:58 a.m.
Warning: Full spoilers for the episode below.
This week’s Star Wars Rebels mostly served as an amusing little side adventure for AP-5, Chopper and Wedge – in which we got to see Dark Chopper unleashed!
Timing-wise, it felt oddly placed to have this episode just five episodes after another droid-centric adventure in “Warhead,” with Wedge sort of tagging in for Zeb as the non-droid character in the story. And this episode definitely pushed the limits on how wacky you can get in a Star Wars story with its two musical (!) beats.
The first, with AP-5 and Chopper directly quoting (as much as Chopper “quotes”) "Anything You Can Do" from Annie Get Your Gun, at first had me groaning – but I must admit I laughed out loud when we came back from the title card and AP-5 was still saying, “Yes I can!”, proving that sometimes continuing a joke for what seems too long is actually a way to make it funnier.
AP-5 then much more directly basically breaking into song at the end of the episode? Hmm… I adore musicals, but this was too uncharacteristic for Star Wars to feel quite right, even though I appreciated the humor of the droll AP-5 of all characters to be the one to do it.
On the other hand, it’s also uncharacteristic for Star Wars to acknowledge bodily functions – at least for human characters – and I was highly amused and entertained when Wedge… had to go pee! Just a couple of episodes after Rebels introduced “sinks” into canon, we now have… “the refresher”! And apparently a… space urinal? Look, we didn’t get a good look at it, nor did we need to, but after 40 years, it’s perhaps more amusing than it should be to get confirmation that Star Wars characters do indeed need to go to the bathroom sometimes like everyone else. Thank you, Wedge.
In the midst of a lot of humor, I did like this episode’s villain, the otherwise unnamed Imperial “Controller. The visual of he and his subordinates at those monitors was sufficiently ominous and the fact that they had Lobot-type headgear a nice touch of continuity. It was also very cool to have Josh Gad voicing the Controller, both adding to his Disney domination while also giving him a completely different type of character to play than the likes of Oleg and Le Fou, which he did tremendously well.
While I did think it would be funny if this random new villain was the one to find the location to the Rebel base, it obviously wasn’t very likely – however, I didn’t expect Hera’s reaction to end so viciously, as she caused a feedback that blew up the entire Imperial ship the Controller and his men were on! Don’t mess with Hera’s droid, sure… but mostly just don’t mess with Hera!
It was sweet though to see how much Chopper means to Hera - a nicely underplayed throughline we’ve had touches of since Rebels began.
An odd but often amusing Rebels showed that Wedge would have a role to play in the series on a recurring basis – though hopefully he gets a new outfit next time? – while giving us an evil Chopper. From musical interludes to space urinals, there was a lot of unusual inclusions for Star Wars here, some of which worked better than others. But overall this was a fun little side story that ended with Hera unleashing hell on those who dared mess with Chopper. Side note: It feels very odd that Sabine’s absence hasn’t been acknowledged, since only Ezra and Kanan were present for her decision. How do the others feel about her being gone?
Star Wars Rebels: Double Agent Droid Review
AP-5 and Wedge had to deal with Chopper working against them in a decidedly quirky episode.
9 months, 1 week Comments
Star Wars: Clone Wars' Final Season Features Return of Darth Maul and Mandalore
Star Wars Rebels Creator on Season 5 Possibilities, Ezra's Fate, and the Show's Legacy
Star Wars Rebels Creator Dave Filoni Reveals How Season 4 Almost Ended and His Clone Wars Revival Plans
Star Wars Resistance: Disney Orders Anime-Inspired TV Show from Rebels Creator Dave Filoni
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Dave Rubin Is Not a Bold Truth-Teller
Matt McManus
Dave Rubin prides himself on challenging dogmas and slaying sacred cows. But his constant invocations of "reason and logic" can't hide the fact that he trots out the same tired, intellectually lazy anecdotes about triggered college students — and that he refuses to actually debate living, breathing leftists.
Dave Rubin at the 2018 Student Action Summit hosted by Turning Point USA at the Palm Beach County Convention Center in West Palm Beach, Florida. George Skidmore / Wikimedia
Dave Rubin is one of the great contemporary proponents of reasoned debate and free speech, ensuring every side of the argument, from libertarianism to the alt-right, has its day in the marketplace of ideas. On his popular YouTube show, you’ll hear topics ranging from why the Left hates free speech to why the Left hates people who protect free speech, alongside more racy issues like the virtues of nationalism, the dangers of Islamic immigration, and why Richard Spencer isn’t really a racist.
Rubin, as he never tires of reminding viewers, was once on a very different quadrant of the political spectrum. He got his break interning with Jon Stewart before transitioning to the progressive Young Turks network, where he got his own show, The Rubin Report, in 2013. Accounts differ, but according to Rubin he became disenchanted with the political left due to its emphasis on the victimization of group identities, hostility towards free speech, and unwillingness to engage in cordial debate with opponents. He left the Young Turks and had a brief stint at Ora TV before opting to run The Rubin Report independently in 2016. The venture turned out to be quite successful: Rubin’s YouTube channel now boasts over a million subscribers, and his videos have hundreds of millions of views.
Since getting started, Rubin has garnered (justifiable) criticism for granting far-right figures a forum and presenting their ideas in a charitable light. Along with right-wing figures like Jordan Peterson, Ben Shapiro, and Dennis Prager, Rubin has hosted far-right misanthropes like Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux. He has been labeled everything from alt-right to an apologist for fascism.
All this controversy belies the fact that The Rubin Report, while insidious, is a rather predictable, intellectually incurious show. Though the occasional centrist like Andrew Yang appears, the vast majority of Rubin’s guests are on the Right and trot out the same hackneyed anecdotes about triggered college students. Rubin isn’t so much a crusading truth-seeker as a head-nodding cipher — the empty signifier through which repetitive talking points get a politically correct makeover for millennial conservatives.
The Unbearable Lightness of Rubin’s Logic
The typical episode of The Rubin Report finds Rubin interviewing a right-wing pundit or reformed “leftist” for about forty-five minutes, during which the pair go back and forth about the insanities of social justice activism and progressive politics. Inevitably, Rubin and his guest then congratulate themselves for having the courage to stand up to the university professors and Twitter Mafioso, while making a few plugs for their respective shows and products.
Even Rubin’s interviews with more controversial alt-right figures like Southern or Molyneux, who hold truly noxious views about race and Islam (both warn of whites disappearing and Muslims replacing Europeans), are marked by a strangely quietist banality. Rubin never presses them on the more reactionary edges of their belief systems, and often nods along while offering up questions so easy a child could bat them out of the park. Probably the most brazen example was his complete unwillingness to push Southern on the emergence of fascist viewpoints in the United States, largely taking her word that hardly anyone on the far right is an actual Nazi who supports reactionary policies. This despite evidence that a considerable number of Americans hold dangerously far-right views.
Since leaving the Left, Rubin has consistently cast himself as an anti-ideologue, a classical liberal who holds an eclectic mélange of liberal and conservative views. The point of The Rubin Report, he maintains, is to buck contemporary trends and present non-dogmatic conservations about politics using “logic and reason.” As he puts it in the show description:
The Rubin Report is the largest talk show about free speech and big ideas on YouTube. Each week Dave Rubin uses logic and reason to have honest conversations about politics, polarizing issues, current events, and more. Dave goes one on one with thought leaders, authors, and comedians in ‘The Sit Down,’ moderates opposing voices in ‘The Panel,’ and gives his unfiltered thoughts in ‘Direct Message.
On the surface there is little to object to here: who could possibly be opposed to using reason and logic to discuss current events? But with Rubin, the constant invocation of logic and reason stands in for the actual practice of those ideals.
For starters, what constitutes reasonable and logical positions are never really defined, and they shift depending on whom Rubin is interviewing. One of the fascinating things about watching The Rubin Report is witnessing how readily he will agree with various right-wing viewpoints, as long as they parrot the correct platitudes about the dangers of the Left and social justice activism.
To give just a few examples: Rubin has agreed that sometimes reason and logic are simply the “common sense” views that most people hold, but are afraid to express because leftist agitators supposedly refuse to give them a hearing. At other points he’s adopted a more elitist line ala Ayn Rand, suggesting reason and logic are in scarce supply. And at still others, Rubin has said he’s onboard with totally reasonable ideas like banning Muslims from entering the country.
All of these positions draw from very different strands of right-wing thought, many of which are mutually incompatible. One cannot both support the “common sense” views of the demos and the elitist fantasies of Rand’s objectivism (where ordinary citizens are mere “second handers” to capitalist geniuses); one cannot claim to be a libertarian or classical liberal while advocating state-sanctioned prejudice against a religion of billions. Rubin never deigns to defend this patent inconsistency and opacity — ironically, making a mockery of a long debate in Western philosophy that attempts to pin down the meaning of these concepts with greater analytical precision.
Rubin’s opportunistic deployment of “reason and logic” is a common tactic these days on the Right. As Ben Burgis has noted, the affirmation of “logic and reason” is used less as a rigorous analytical tool than as a cudgel against opponents. Rubin might fancy himself an heir to the Socratic tradition, his comfy garage studio a modern-day Athenian agora, but the level of discussion on his program falls well short of any lofty conceits.
There is one point on which Rubin has been consistent: he’s steadfastly refused to invite any actual leftists onto his show. Despite Rubin’s insistence that he wants to engage in an honest debate about political issues, what we get instead is an interminable rotation of guests who all recycle the same canards about social justice warriors, political correctness, and free speech (with the occasional economic theory and xenophobia thrown in to spice things up).
Of course, the views of left critics can and should be presented. No ideology or opinion is above criticism. But Rubin’s pretensions to be balanced are entirely fanciful. By excluding living, breathing leftists, his show is simply serves as an exercise in confirmation bias — convincing his audience that all sensible dimensions of a given discussion have been covered and there is no need to grapple with left-wing arguments since they are either too radical, too unreasonable, or too at odds with common sense.
Dave Rubin and the Reactionary Mind
As much as Rubin omits left viewpoints, there is a perverse sense in which the Left is central to his show (though naturally in a highly skewed form). Corey Robin has observed that one of the characteristics of “the reactionary mind” is the lack of a firm, principled position other than antipathy for the Left. The reactionary isn’t so much defined by his commitment to a set of beliefs about how society should be organized as much as an affective revulsion at any efforts to upset supposedly timeless hierarchies.
This fits Rubin to a T. Unwilling to present the opinions of genuine leftists, Rubin instead gloms on to any interlocutor willing to pillory the progressive bogeyman. A pastiche-like collection of vaguely defined opinions, Rubin’s worldview is one born entirely of opposition to progressive politics. In this sense, Rubin is what I’ve called a “post-modern conservative”: neither a classical liberal nor a libertarian or nationalist, but rather a partisan of whatever ideas seem inimical to the Left. To the extent this approach is ever justified it is through appealing to the dangers and evils of progressivism and the need to do whatever it takes to guard against its nefarious influence.
This makes The Rubin Report, for all its dry, slanted content, an interesting social phenomenon. Rubin has managed to elevate posturing as a rational moderator while avoiding serious debates with intelligent opponents into a reactionary art form. He’s been able to get away with this because there is a serious desire on the Right to avoid staring into the abyss of its own inconsistencies by boxing with the shadows of its opponents.
The result might not be a challenge to the powerful dogmas that dominate our economic and political life. But that was never the point.
Matt McManus is professor of politics and international relations at Tec de Monterrey. He is the author of The Rise of Post-Modern Conservatism and the forthcoming What is Post-Modern Conservatism: Essays on Our Hugely Tremendous Times .
Dave Rubin is one of the great contemporary proponents of reasoned debate and free speech, ensuring every side of the argument, from libertarianism to the alt-right, has its day in the marketplace of ideas. On his popular YouTube show, you’ll hear topics ranging from why the Left hates free speech to why the Left hates […]
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Interventional News
IR: An entirely suitable job for a woman
Maria Tsitskari
There is no “stereotypical” female interventional radiologist. We are simply as skilled, motivated, committed, and diverse in our interests as our male colleagues. Yet, there are definitely still barriers to women choosing interventional radiology, writes Maria Tsitskari, Greece, who is hopeful that raising these issues will help to change mind-sets.
It is probably fair to say that life for women in the field of interventional radiology is no picnic. But this holds true for men who practice in the field as well. Interventional radiology is a tremendously demanding, yet very exciting, subspecialty. As it is increasingly essential to the delivery of modern emergency and acute setting care, interventional radiology requires extensive training and comes with the assurance of long and unpredictable work hours. Consequently, there is great pressure and interventional radiologists need to draw on cognitive, technical, and leadership skills in sometimes difficult situations.
There are, however, some challenges that are unique to women practising in the field and it is important to consider the issues that women have to face today. We need to examine these challenges in the light of data showing that there are currently extremely low numbers of women in this field.
The most common factors that discourage women from taking up interventional radiology include difficult work-life balance and radiation risks during pregnancy. However, there are sound data to show that being an interventional radiologist is safe and that women can practise interventional radiology, be pregnant and safe. There are also the challenges that women interventional radiologists have to face in relation to child rearing. Finding a balance between work and family is an issue that affects anyone with a high-pressure job and requires good personal help and understanding from all sides of the family.
One of the hardest challenges that I have faced is having to fight for acceptance from other physicians, beginning with male interventional radiologists. There is an enduring belief that women are not capable of delivering the goods when it comes to technically demanding procedures. At this point I would like to refer to an old maxim in surgical training about the attributes needed to be a good surgeon: the eyes of an eagle; the heart of a lion; and the hands of a woman. Technically amazing procedures often need fine and delicate movements and women might even have some advantages on this front. In general, interventional radiology is a specialty that is seeking recognition and acceptance from other physicians. When women in this field also have to strive to gain a basic acceptance of their skills and ability, it adds another dimension to the mix.
One of the most interesting and motivating aspects of my work is that I have received great trust and acceptance from patients. There is a stereotype in our society that the surgeon “has to be a man”. This might be why it is easy for patients to accept that a woman is the proceduralist during minimally-invasive interventional radiology, which is vastly different from open surgery.
In the four years since my interventional radiology fellowship, I have been on an incredibly rewarding journey, during which I have had several testing times and obstacles. This has only made me more determined. When you keep pushing through, no matter what the situation is or how painful the setbacks are, incredible things begin to happen. My work in this field fills me with happiness and satisfaction. Interventional radiology is definitely the profession that I would go into, if I had to choose all over again.
My main message is this: there is no stereotypical female interventional radiologist. We are as skilled, motivated, committed, and diverse in our interests as our male colleagues are. I am hopeful that changing times, the data on radiation safety during pregnancy and shifting attitudes will bring more women into the field, and help them stay on the course of their chosen careers. Until then, I am certain that the small number of us currently practising will continue to make a big impact on our profession and patients.
Maria Tsitskari is an interventional radiologist in Greece.
#womeninIR
Women in IR
suziemarshall
SIR launches new award to celebrate those who champion women in IR
New BSIR Women and Diversity committee aims to boost proportion of female IRs
Diversity in IR is crucial to harnessing the best ideas and innovations
Christos Georgiades 28th May 2018 at 5:35 pm
When I served as the fellowship director for Interventional Radiology at Johns Hopkins I was disappointed and perplexed by the lack of women applicants. The percent of women interested in IR then was less than the already low percent choosing Radiology as a career. During interviews i begun probing women applicants to try and uncover the reasons behind this lack of interest in IR. Gradually a picture emerged as disturbing as it was unexpected. Women applicants confided time and again that the most consistent factor turning women away from IR were the reactions by their Diagnostic Radiology attendings. The notions of “untenable family life”, “dangerous radiation exposure”, “inhumane work schedules” and others were (of course untrue but nevertheless) cemented by those who themselves turned down IR as a career. The traditional IR training which consisted of 4 years of DR and 1 year of IR, meant that women were a 4-year captive audience to those who cultivated those negative mythical notions about IR. Perhaps the new system (residency) will help bring more women into out specialty. I hope. But before we search for boogie men to blame for the low percent of women in IR, lets have a hard critical look in the mirror first. All of us, men and women in DR.
J 20th September 2018 at 11:50 am
True, I was a surgeon in my previous life and the only reason I am not doing IR is because work life balance I have 3 kids, how can I balance.
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Editor: Suzie Marshall suzie@bibamedical.com
Advertising: sales@bibamedical.com
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How old was Brendan Fraser in Encino Man?
Brendan Fraser was 22 in Encino Man when he played the character 'Link'.
Today he is 51, and has starred in 53 movies in total, 46 since Encino Man was released.
In Encino Man, I think Brendan Fraser looks:
Encino Man scores 5.6 out of 10 on The Movie Database.
Brendan Fraser's first acting role was as 'Sailor #1' in Dogfight, released in 1991 when he was 22.
Find DVDs, posters and memorabilia about Encino Man on Amazon.
Ellen Page in Inception
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Marlon Barber Jr., 15, with his 1-year-old brother, Shannon. (Courtesy Telegraph-Herald)
Marlon Terrell Barber, Jr.
2000 block of Jackson St.
Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque County
On Oct. 20, 2012, Marlon Barber, Jr., a 15-year-old Dubuque teen, was shot in the chest and stomach as he and his friends walked away from a party. He died soon after in the hospital. Another teen was hit by gunfire but treated at a hospital and released.
Police responded to the 2000 block of Jackson Street Saturday night, just before midnight. At the scene, officers found 15-year-old Marlon Barber Jr., of 920 1/2 West Fifth Street, Dubuque, on the ground suffering from multiple gunshot wounds.
Dubuque County in Iowa
Dubuque in Dubuque County
16-year-old Demarcus Timmons, also of Dubuque, was in the 2100 block of Washington Street. He, too, had gunshot wounds.
Barber died early Sunday morning while in surgery.
There have been no arrests or charges filed in the case.
In a KWWL Channel 7 report that aired Oct. 22, 2012, police said an initial investigation shows both victims were at a party in Dubuque. After a petty dispute, two groups of people — one of which included both Timmons and Barber — went outside. That’s when and where the shooting took place.
“I don’t want to speculate too much on what the true nature of the initial dispute was, other than the fact that it was very minor in comparison to the loss of a life,” Dubuque police chief Mark Dalsing said. “Whether it was over a female, whether it was over who looked at who wrong, it’s ridiculous that something so minor could cause the death of one person and hospitalization of another.”
KWWL also reported on Oct. 22:
A Facebook page called “R.I.P Marlon Barber” popped up shortly after the teen’s death. While it contains dozens of loving, supportive messages, a small number of people used the page to voice hate-filled, racially charged messages, generalizing the issue of race and crime in Dubuque.
“It’s disgusting that people will use a tragedy to promote their political agenda or their social views,” Dalsing said. “The Internet is what it is. It’s a great way for people to say what they want anonymously. A great way to stir the pot, and it’s just incredibly unfortunate that it takes the loss of a young man for people to crawl out of the woodwork and act the way they do.”
Many of the original offending comments have been removed from the Facebook page.
Lynn Sutton sits on the Dubuque city council. She is the city’s the first black council member and has said she hopes to act as a leader in Dubuque’s black community. On Monday afternoon, she addressed some of the hate-filled messages on the Barber Facebook memorial page.
“The thing we have to remember is people lost loved ones and they are grieving, and posting all these things on Facebook is not helping these families, not helping these friends,” she said.
In a phone conversation Monday afternoon, Barber’s father Marlon Barber Sr. said his son lived with him in Chicago up until just about two months ago. He said his son had moved back and forth between Chicago and Dubuque, where his mother lives, in the past. He said his son went to Dubuque to escape the violence of Chicago.
“We lost our son and we lost a brother and it’s wrong, all this killing,” Barber said.
Barber said his son, the oldest of five children, was outgoing and liked to dance, rap, sing and be around his four younger siblings.
“I love my son and miss him dearly,” Barber said. “He’s in a better place.”
According to the Dubuque Community School District, Timmons is not currently enrolled. Barber was enrolled at Hempstead High School.
Four Oaks, which provides school-based programming in partnership with the public schools, confirms Barber attended its Dubuque program.
Both the district and Four Oaks said they’re offering support in regard to this tragic incident to any student who seeks it.
Dalsing said there’s no evidence to suggest the shootings were gang-related.
“That’s one of the big problems is, people make that big leap, that they think, ‘Oh,’ right away, ‘it’s two groups of minorities. Must be gang related.’ A lot of these kids have been in Dubuque for a long time,” Dalsing said.
As of Monday evening, county prosecutors have not filed any charges, nor have police arrested anybody or even named any suspects.
Dubuque police said there are several people who know specifically what happened in this incident and who is responsible. While a number of these people have been identified, police say there are still a number of people who have yet to come forward. Police said they “want to emphasize how incredible important it is for those with information to come forward.”
On Oct. 25, 2012, KWWL reported that community members with Dubuque’s Washington Neighborhood had established a fund in Barber Jr.’s name.
Laurie Bartolotta, one of the group’s members, told KWWL the community had done so “with sincere sympathy and with the hope that we will not ever have another tragedy like this happen again again in our neighborhood.”
Investigators confident “know what happened”
In a KWWL Channel 7 report airing Oct. 8, 2013, Assistant Dubuque police chief Terry Tobin said investigators are confident they know what happened — and know the people involved in the shooting — but nobody has been willing to talk so far.
Marlon Barber Jr. (courtesy KWWL)
“It’s one thing to potentially know the facts of the case or what happened. It’s another thing to prove it beyond a reasonable doubt,” Tobin said. “Our issues on that case are the lack of people willing to come in and officially provide that information or be willing to stand up and acknowledge that the information that they have is out there and that it’s accurate and that it would help us to build a case.”
Lt. Scott Baxter echoed Tobin’s thoughts, saying investigators are still working on the case but have been hindered by a lack of cooperation by “people holding pivotal information.”
City council member Sutton called upon people to provide information.
Group draws attention back to unsolved cases
Margreet Ryan and David Becker are on the Social Justice Committee of the parishes of St. Raphael Cathedral and St. Patrick’s Church in Dubuque, and on Oct. 19, 2013, held a ceremony in Jackson Park to remember the victims of unsolved homicides and missing persons cases. The group also wanted to show support for victims’ family members.
“It’s difficult to talk about your grief, and these people must be grieving so, so severely, and where do they go with all of this, you know?” Ryan said in a KWWL interview that aired Oct. 19, 2013. “This has been a history of 50 years of unresolved homicides and missing persons.”
The Oct. 19 event formally recognized the 12 unsolved homicide and missing person cases the committee could find, though they said there are likely more than that.
Members planned the ceremony around the one-year anniversary of Marlon Barber Jr.’s unsolved homicide.
“We said, ‘Well, maybe there’s other unsolved murder and missing people,’ so we found out there was,” Becker said.
In addition to Marlon Barber Jr., the public remembrance ceremony honored the following victims:
Francis Rafferty, killed in a 1964 home invasion.
Sherrie and Victoria Martin, young sisters who were burned alive in an unsolved 1965 case of arson.
Kenneth Bouzard, beaten to death near the railroad tracks in 1971.
Jackie Shireman, stabbed 30 times with a pair of scissors in 1975.
Patrician Spahn, who went missing from East Dubuque, Ill., in 1975.
Theodore Hoerstman, missing since December 1982.
14-year-old Kenny Joe Johnson, discovered in 1987 in Dubuque. An autopsy revealed he’d been sexually assaulted and strangled to death.
Paul Knockel, who went missing in 1990 on Thanksgiving.
20-year-old Crystal Arensdorf, who disappeared July 4, 2001.
Amy Luce, who went missing in July 2012.
“These cases can go for years and years, and all of a sudden something comes forward to the police or to other authorities and that’s the bit of information that cracks the case open and allows for the case to be solved and to be cleared,” Tobin said.
Although the people whose names made this list are gone, “they must not be forgotten,” Ryan said. “That is the point. They must not be forgotten.”
“We look at those events as being an opportunity to renew the interest in the public’s eye for these cases,” Tobin told KWWL. “There are people out there that have information that would be beneficial to helping us solve the case and close it.”
He said the biggest challenge in cracking a cold case is the people who have information may die or move away as the years pass.
For other cases, such as the active investigation into Marlon Barber’s death, Tobin said the problem lies in people who have information but won’t talk.
In a Telegraph Herald story published Oct. 21, 2015, Lt. Baxter reiterated that investigators have identified potential suspects, but don’t have sufficient evidence to refer the case to the county attorney’s office.
“It’s frustrating for us, but we haven’t forgotten about (Barber),” Baxter said.
About Marlon Barber Jr.
Marlon Terrell Barber Jr., the son of Nate’ Watson and Marlon Barber Sr. was born November 14, 1996 in Chicago, Illinois.
Marlon received his formal education at Holmes and Prescott Elementary Schools in Chicago, IL, Hillcrest Elementary School in Iowa and Academy of Leaming High School in Riverdale, IL where he loved and played football.
Marlon, affectionately called “Bushaman” or “Yolo,” was the joy of his Grandma Lisie and Grandma Rita’s heart. He was known for being funny, outgoing, putting a smile on everyone’s face, and he loved dancing.
He was a son, brother, uncle, cousin, and friend to many.
He died Sunday, October 21, 2012, after being shot in Dubuque, Iowa, just before midnight on Oct. 20.
Survivors included his mother, Nate’ Watson (Michael Gibson); father, Marlon Barber Sr. (Dorothy Bell); brothers and sisters: Kyerrah Barber (KySean Bryant), Terrance Dogan, Shannon Barber, MarShaune Barber, Theodore Bell, Malik Ashanti, Christopher Bell, Alandus Ambrose, Angel Ambrose, and Asia Taylor; nephew, KySean Bryant; grandmothers, Rita Franklin and Elise Barber; grandfathers, Nathan Watson and Michael Green; a host of aunts, uncles, cousins; a host of friends; and his best friends, Blake McGonigle and Prince Lamptey.
Anyone with information concerning Marlon Barber’s unsolved murder is encouraged to contact the Dubuque Police Department at 563-589-4415.
Dubuque Police Department
Marlon Terrell Barber Jr. (1996 – 2012) — Find a Grave Memorial
“Dubuque police: We have not forgotten about Marlon Barber,” The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, Wednesday, October 21, 2015
“3 years after Dubuque teen killed, no new leads in investigation,” THOnline.com, Tuesday, Oct. 20, 2015
“Cold Cash sought for cold cases: Church group and Dubuque-area Crime Stoppers seek donations to build substantial reward fund for tips on long-unsolved crimes,” by Alicia Yager, The Telegraph Herald, Wednesday, April 29, 2015
“Dubuque Police seek reward money for cold case help,” by Alicia Yager, The Telegraph Herald, Tuesday, April 28, 2015
“Iowa teen’s death still unsolved 2 years later,” KCCI.com, Monday, Oct. 20, 2014
“2 years later, shooting death probe at standstill: Dubuque police say the investigation into the killing of a 15-year-old is hampered by a lack of cooperation from key witnesses,” by Alicia Yager, The Telegraph Herald, Monday, Oct. 20, 2014
“Iowa teen’s death still unsolved 2 years later,” The Associated Press/Iowa City Press-Citizen, Monday, Oct. 20, 2014
“Dubuque Day of Remembrance: Families seek closure for grief,” by Craig D. Reber, The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, Sunday, Oct. 20, 2013
“Missing Dubuque woman’s family remembers victims of unsolved cases,” by Lauren DeWitt, KWWL.com, Oct. 19, 2013
“100 gather in Dubuque to remember those killed, missing,” The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, Saturday, Oct. 19, 2013
“Lest we forget: Day of Remembrance for local unsolved killings, disappearances,” by Alicia Yager, The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, Thursday, Oct. 17, 2013
“Week in review: Investigation into teen’s death ‘active, ongoing’,” The Telegraph Herald, Sunday, Oct. 13, 2013
“Dubuque Police Seek Help In Homicide Investigation,” KCRG.com, Oct. 8, 2013
“Dubuque police seek cooperation in homicide case,” The Quad-City Times, Oct. 8, 2013
“Investigation into Dubuque teen’s killing growing cold,” by Alicia Yager, THOnline.com, Oct. 8, 2013
“Marlon Barber’s death not only unsolved case in Dubuque,” by Becca Habegger, KWWL.com, Oct. 8, 2013
“Dubuque police seek cooperation in homicide case,” The Associated Press/Telegraph Herald/Fort Dodge Messenger, Oct. 8, 2013
“‘Significant progress’ in shooting case,” The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, Jan. 11, 2013
“Dubuque, IA Teen Dies From Gunshot Wound,” by Jeff Whitten, KWQC.com, Oct. 29, 2012
“Slain Dubuque teen may have identified shooter before death,” by Becca Habegger, KWWL.com, Oct. 26, 2012
“Fund established in Dubuque shooting victim’s name,” by Becca Habegger, KWWL.com, Oct. 25, 2012
“Victim’s Mom Calls for Calm,” by Eric Mandel, The Telegraph Herald, Oct. 24, 2012
“Memorial page for slain Dubuque teen turns ugly,” KWWL.com, Oct. 22, 2012
“One teenager dead, another expected to survive Dubuque shooting,” by Jillian Petrus, The Gazette, Oct. 22, 2012
R.i.p marlon barber Facebook page
“Death in the streets: 1 youth killed, another wounded in shooting,” by Erik Hogstrom and Jim Winter, thonline.com, Monday, Oct. 22, 2012
Obituary For: Marlon Terrell Barber Jr. | Rayner & Sons Funeral Home
“Friends, family hold vigil for Dubuque shooting victim,” by Becca Habegger, Bob Waters, and Michelle Corless, KWWL.com, Oct. 21, 2012
“More than 150 people come to vigil for slain teen,” by Erik Hogstrom and Jim Winter, THonline.com, Sun., Oct. 21, 2012
“One Teen Dead, One Expected to Survive Overnight Shooting in Dubuque,” by Jay Knoll, KCRG-TV9, Oct. 21, 2012
Tagged with: Amy Luce • Cedar Valley Crime Stoppers • Cold Cases • Crystal Arensdorf • David Becker • Demarcus Timmons • Dubuque Iowa • Dubuque Police Department • Francis Rafferty • Hempstead High School • Iowa Cold Cases • Iowa Unsolved Murders • Jackie Shireman • Kenneth Bouzard • Kenny Joe Johnson • KWWL Channel 7 • Laurie Bartolotta • Lt. Scott Baxter • Lynn Sutton • Margreet Ryan • Mark Dalsing • Marlon Barber Jr. • Marlon Barber Sr. • Nate Watson • Patrician Spahn • Paul Knockel • Sherrie and Victoria Martin • Social Justice Committee • Terry Tobin • Theodore Hoerstman • Unsolved Iowa Homicides • Unsolved Iowa Murders • Unsolved Murders in Dubuque Iowa
13 Responses to Marlon Barber
R.i.p marlon
Miranda croft says:
R.i.p marlon we all love and miss u so much and always will you are never forgotten
Miranda r.i.p marlon says:
I think the people that did this to marlon should sit be hind bars
Jack street Spy says:
I know someone who has info but won’t talk
That’s a shame when ppl won’t talk cause if it happens to their loved one they would want ppl to talk. Hope someone comes forward
Give his family closer. Prayers that someone will come forward.
I agree with you Christina Harris, 100 percent.
Stacy Miller says:
So young..
So stinking sad; (
Dawn Picolet says:
What a shame someone knows what happened give the family closer
I didn’t know Marlon, however the photo I saw of him told me so much. The sparkle in his eyes and the love showing on his face for the little one he was holding showed me that this world is a much sadder place without him. As for the people that know something about his murder and aren’t assisting the police, they are cowards, a brave person would step up, they would help solve this murder so that his family and friends would be able to move on, not have questions in the back of their minds, not wonder every day why someone would kill this wonderful person that they love, and I use the present tense, because you never stop loving that person. But they have not…and it is something that they will have to live with and it will follow them and haunt them in everything they do and everywhere they go and in the end I just want them to remember one thing, it all measures out at the end.
thank you so much he lived with me he was like a brother to me and thanks for talking good about him he was a very good kid
As, always they are protecting someone and don’t want to rat out their supposed good friends. How many young people get killed or wounded over an argument over some stuff that amounts to nothing in the grand scheme of things.
Their have been shootings, where someone was denied entry to a party. So they go home and get a gun. Then they go back and shoot up the place and kill or injure someone. If I don’t get invited to a party, it bothers me. I go home and cry in my oatmeal. But it does not bother me.
Johnny dwayne smith jr. says:
I need to get a hold of that detective of MR.Marlon’s case i’m doing a report on him in class and he is about my age so I picked him…PLEASE WRITE BACK👮
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Tag Archives: Count Dracula’s Great Love
October 23, 2014 by Moreland
Monster Movie: Supernatural (2008)
“All three monsters – the Dracula, Wolf Man, and the Mummy – all the same critter, which means we need to catch this freak before he “Creature from the Black Lagoon’s” somebody.”
So I know that I have had quite a few TV episodes this October. I know that I went a little overboard, but I wanted to include this anyway. You see I have been wanting to review this episode for a while, but felt that I couldn’t do it until I had reviewed the original The Wolf Man film. As I finally did it this October, it allowed me to finally be able to talk about this episode. This is my all-time favorite episode because it has what I love! Monster Movies!!
Yep it parodies a series of Classic Horror Films: Dracula (1931), The Mummy (1932), Wolf Man (1941). In fact to further the homage to classic horror film, they even filmed the whole thing in black and white!
So Supernatural is a show that like Grimm, every episode could be done for Horrorfest. The show consists of two hunter brothers, Dean and Sam Winchester, who travel all over the U.S. hunting ghosts, demons, vampires, werewolves, etc. As the seasons progress they get more focused on the battle between angels and demons and stopping the end of the world. It’s an awesome show.
So this episode takes place in season 4. There have been a lot of angst and sadness
(I won’t go into detail in case you haven’t watched it and want to) and the two brothers have finally been reunited.
So Dean and San are driving into Pennsylvania on the trail of vampires. Sam is worried about the apocalypse, but Dean convinces him to stop off at an Oktoberfest to relax a bit. They find the Sheriff and introduce themselves as Agent Angus and Agent Young (homage to Angus Young of AC/DC).
There they are told to speak to the witness Ed Brewer, but the Sheriff doesn’t put much stock in his testimony. They run into the very beautiful waitress Jaimie, who points them toward Ed. There Ed describes the Vampire as being the one out of the 1931 Dracula film.
Yep, Dean and Sam are shocked, but Ed insists that it is true. The guy looked just like Bela Lugosi’s Dracula.
In fact the vampire even uses the Transylvanian accent.
Sam and Dean confer and determine that it is probably a twilight-esque fan and that it isn’t really strange enough for them to stick around.
The night however, things change.
A couple is making out in a car when a werewolf comes upon them and attacks.
The next day, Sam and Dean talk to the girl who survived the attack, Anne-Marie, and discover that the killer looked just like Lon Chaney Jr. in the 1941 Wolf Man film.
The sheriff also finds wolf hair on the dead body. Sam and Dean are confused as real werewolves don’t have wolf hair.
That night a guard discovered an Egyptian sarcophagus at the docks. As the guard is about to call to figure out what is going on, the mummy rises from its grave.
The Mummy attacks the guard, strangling him.
The Winchesters go down to investigate and try and figure out what is going on. There they discover the sarcophagus is actually a movie prop that has been laced with dry ice. Dean leaves Sam to figure out a theory, while he heads down to meet up with Jamie for their date.
Meanwhile, Jamie has been waiting for a while and decides that Dean is most likely standing her up. She starts to walk home, when she runs into Dracula.
Blood!
He calls her his reincarted love, and tries to kidnap her, but Jamie sprays him with pepper spray and then runs away…right into Dean. Dean gets a punch into Dracula
But then finds himself overpowered by the vampire
The vampire calls him “Harker” (reference to Jonathan Harker the fiancé of Mina [the woman Dracula tries to take]). Dracula tries to bite Dean, but he rips his ear off and a medallion. With his ear gone, Dracula runs away and jumps on his scooter.
Nope you heard my correctly
Back at the bar, Dean shows Sam the ear and medallion.
“Dean Winchester: I, uh, pulled it off during the fight. Look at the label on the ribbon.
Sam Winchester: It’s a costume rental.
Dean Winchester: All three monsters – the Dracula, Wolf Man, and the Mummy – all the same critter, which means we need to catch this freak before he “Creature from the Black Lagoon‘s” somebody.”
They determine that they are dealing with a shapeshifter obsessed with classic film. Now if you have been reading my posts posts, such as Phantom of the Megaplex, Scream, and An American Werewolf in London, you know probably realize another reason why I love this episode. Yep, I can relate to the shapeshifter. I love classic film (especially horror) and I can completely understand him.
Anyways, so Sam, being the scholar, recognizes the name Harker and figures that the shapeshifter is trying to recreate the 1931 film, Dean being Jonathan and Jamie being Mina. I guess that makes Sam, Van Helsing.
The two figure that it must be someone who knows Jamie and is obsessed with her. When they question her, Jamie can’t think of a person who is strange or crazy. Lucy, her best friend and coworker, mentions that Ed recentlly moved to town and is the projectionist for the old theater. Plus he has a crush on Jamie.
HIghly suspicious
Sam goes to investigate while Dean stays with Jamie. The two are drinking beer and having a deep conversation, when Lucy interrupts. She is on her way out the door, but Jamie invites her to stay and have a drink with them.
Back on the case, Sam has gone into the old theater and discovers Ed playing the pipe organ.
He pulls on Ed’s ear, but find it fast in place.
“Sam Winchester: [tries to tear out Ed’s ear] It’s supposed to come off.
Ed Brewer: No, it’s not!”
This means Ed is not the shapeshifter!!! But if he isn’t…who is?
Back at the bar, Dean and Jaimie are getting groggy and falling asleep. Dean punches Lucy in the face, and discovers that Lucy is not “Lucy” but the shapeshifter.
AAAAAAAAHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
And she has drugged the two of them. Dean tries to hold on, but faints.
Dean wakes up and finds himself in lederhosen.
Noooooooooo!!!!!!!
In a Frankenstein-esque dungeon.
Now I really like what Dracula has to say here. It’s so poetic. “Life is small, meager, messy. The movies are grand, simple, elegant. I have chosen elegance.”, it’s very Movie Mason from The Phantom of the Megaplex.
Anyways, Dracula is about to electrocute Dean and have a “movie” where the monster wins, when something interrupts him. The doorbell rings and the pizza delivery guy is there.
Pizza Delivery Guy: Uh, pizza delivery?
Dracula: Ah, you have brought a repast. Excellent. Continue to be of such service, and your life will be spared.
Pizza Delivery Guy: Uh-huh. That’ll be $15.50.
Dracula: Tell me…
Pizza Delivery Guy: Yeah?
Dracula: Is there garlic on this pizza?
Pizza Delivery Guy: I don’t know. Did you order garlic?
Dracula: No!
Pizza Delivery Guy: Then no. Look, mister, I’ve got four other deliveries to make. You want to just pay me the money so I can go?
Dracula: Of course. Yes. But I have a coupon.
And why not take a pizza break? Pizza is awesome.
I love Pizza
So now that Dracula has food for later, he prepares to finish Harker/Dean, but is interrupted by Jamie waking up.
Meanwhile back at the bar, Sam has figured out that with Jamie and Dean missing it must be Lucy. He sets out for her house.
Back in the dungeon, Dracula wants Jamie to dress in the gown he bought her and eat pizza with him.
Just like the Mummy, trying to dress his “reincarnated bride” in his old love’s clothes.
Jamie is really freaked out as she has been drugged, was betryed by her best friend (as Dracula was pretending to be “Lucy”) and is stuck with a killer. Dracula tries to apologize and tells Jamie his backstory. He was called a monster from the beginning of his life and beat by his father. He found solace in monster movies, and achieves strength and confidence when taking their form.
This part actually reminded me a lot of The Phantom of the Opera. Here is a man who is disfigured and mistreated because of it. He knows only how to hate as he has been so mistreated. It makes you wonder how things might have been different if one person had loved him.
While Dracula is reminiscing, unbeknownst to him Sam has slipped into the house and is skulking around the dungeon. Dracula knocks Jamie out and turns his attention to Sam and the freed Dean. They start fighting, with Sam being thrown through a fake door. Dean and Dracula are struggling to get the gun with silver bullets along with trying to knock the other out. Dean tries a groin attack and move for the gun, but Dracula throws him back. Before he can do anything else, Jamie, who has just woken up, grabs the gun and shoots him.
With Dracula conceding, that maybe this is how the “film” should end.
The next day Dean says good-bye to Jamie. The two brothers agree that’s it was nice doing some old-fashioned monster hunting, rather than the angels & demons stuff. They discuss what film they would want to live in as the episode ends.
To start Horrorfest III from the beginning, go to Even a Man Pure of Heart
For the previous post, go to Murder is My Favorite Crime
For more on Supernatural, go to Keep Clear of the Moor. Beware the Moon
For more on Dean Winchester, go to I’m Batman!
For more on Sam Winchester, go to You Can’t Have Just One!
For more horror parody, go to Who’s Afraid of Cory Wolf?
For more on Dracula, go to I Bid You Welcome
For more on The Mummy, go to Part X: The Movie List That Would Not Die
For more on The Wolf Man, go to Unleash the Savage Instincts that Lie Hidden Within
For more monster movies, go to What Is This Thing?
For more on Phantom of the Megaplex, go to Friday Night Fun
For more on recreating a scene, go to Carried Away
For more on pizza, go to Food, Food, Food
Posted in Horrorfest III, Phantom of the Opera, Supernatural
Tagged AC/DC, Acting Strange, Agent Angus, Agent Young, An American Werewolf in London, Angel, Angels, Angst, Angus Young, Anne-Marie, Apocalypse, Backstory, Bar, Battle, Beer, Bela Lugosi, Best Friend, Billy Loomis, Black and White, Black and White Film, Brothers, Buffy Summers, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Carry On, Carry On My Wayward Son, Carry On Wayward Son, Classic Cinema, Classic Film Buff, Classic Film Fan, Classic Horror Film, Costume, Costume Rental, Count Dracula's Great Love, Couple, Coupon, Coworkers, Crazy, Crush, Date, Dead Body, Dean Winchester, Demon, Demons, Disfigured, Disfigured Body, Dock, Dracula, Dracula (1931), Dracula Parody, Drinking, Drugged, Dry Ice, Dungeon, Ear, Ed Brewer, Egypt, Egyptian Sarcophagus, Electrocute, Electrocuted, Elegance, End of the World, Faint, Fan, Fangirl, FBI Agents, Fiance, Fighting, Franken, Freak, Garlic, Ghost, Ghosts, Grimm, Grimm (TV Series), Groin Attack, Gun, Harker, Homage, Horror Film Junkie, Horror Movie, Horror Movies, Horror Parody, Horrorfest, Horrorfest III, Hunter, I Was a Teenage Werewolf, Interrupts, Investigate, Jaimie, Jared Padalecki, Jensen Ackles, Jonathan Harker, Junk Punch, Kansas, Kidnap, Kidnapped, Kidnapping, Kind, kindness, Label, Lederhosen, Life Spared, Lon Chaney Jr., Lost Love, Major Crush, Making Out, Medallion, Mimic Bela Lugosi, Mina Harker, Misha Collins, Mistreated, Monster Movie, Monster Movies, Monster Win, Motorbike, movie Magic, Movie Mason, Movie Prop, Obsessed, Oktoberfest, Old Theater, One Kind Word, Organ, Parking, Parody, Pennsylvania, Pepper Spray, Phantom of the Megaplex, Phantom of the Opera, Pizza, Pizza Break, Pizza Delivery, projectionist, Punch, Punch in the Face, Punched, Punched in the Face, Recreate a Film, Recreate a Scene, Reincarnated, Reincarnation, Remake, Rental, Repast, Reunited, Ribbon, Rips Ear Off, Rises from the Grave, Sad Backstory, Sadness, Sam Winchester, Sarcophagus, Scholar, Scooter, Scream (1996), Season 4, Security Guards, Shapeshifter, Sheriff, Silver Bullet, Silver Bullets, Stole his Fiancee, Stood Up, Stopping the End of the World, Stranger, Strangled, Supernatural, Supernatural Fandom, Supernatural: Monster Movie, Survive the Attack, Survived, Team Dean, Testimony, The Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Invisible Man, The Mummy (1932), The Phantom of the Opera (1925), The Wolf Man (1941), Times of Trouble, Transylvania, Transylvanian Accent, Travel, TV Episode, Twihard, Twilight, U.S., U.S.A., Universal Monster Movies, Universal's Classic Monster Movie Collection, Vampire, Vampires, Van Helsing, Waitress, Walking Home, Warner Bros., Werewolf, Werewolf Attacks, Werewolves, Wisdom, Witness, Witnessed a Murder, Wolf, Wolf Hair, Wolf Man Parody, Words, Words of Wisdom
I Bid You Welcome: Dracula (1931)
I am Dracula…I bid you welcome
So Dracula is one of the best horror films ever made. I know you all were wondering when he would be popping up. This version with Bela Lugosi is my favorite; as I feel the other version either have subpar acting, a distortion of the story, or just fall flat in their presentation.
Bela Lugosi was never intended for the part of Dracula. Originally Lon Chaney was going to play him, but he died the year before. As much as I love Lon Chaney, I can’t see Dracula as anyone but Bela Lugosi.
I have to say that this film probably has the most remakes of all time. There’s House of Dracula, Dracula (1958), The Return of Dracula, Dracula: Prince of Darkness, Dracula Has Risen From the Grave, Billy the Kid vs. Dracula, Taste the Blood of Dracula, Scars of Dracula, Blood of Dracula’s Castle, Count Dracula, Dracula vs. Frankenstein, Count Dracula’s Great Love, Dracula AD 1972, The Satanic Rites of Dracula, Dracula (1979), Love at First Bite, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Dracula: Dead and Loving It, Dracula 2000, Dracula II: Ascension, Dracula III: Legacy, Dracula’s Curse, Dracula 3000, The Batman vs. Dracula, Dracula (2006), Dracula 3D, Hotel Transylvania, Scooby-Doo & the Ghoul School, and Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf . Not to mention all sequels or films that Drac has a part in; this guy sure gets around.
Of course even with all of these, Lugosi’s version still stands the test of time. It is the one we quote, the one that we mimic Lugosi’s voice from, and the one that we copy the cape movements from; pretending that we too are a vampire.
It’s funny that in this film Dracula doesn’t display fangs or show vampire bite marks on the neck.
So the film starts out with Renfield, a lawyer, going to Dracula’s castle. All the villagers warn him that there are vampires there, but Renfield doesn’t listen.
“Innkeeper: Castle Dracula?
Renfield: Yes. That’s where I’m going.
Innkeeper: To the castle?
Renfield: Yes.
Innkeeper: No. You musn’t go there. We people of the mountains believe in the castle there are vampires. Dracula and his wives – they take the form of wolves and bats. They leave their coffins at night and they feed on the blood of the living.”
When Renfield enters the castle he is greeted by Dracula and those famous lines! My favorite.
“Count Dracula: I am Dracula.
Renfield: Oh, it’s really good to see you. I don’t know what happened to the driver and my luggage and… Well, and with all this, I thought I was in the wrong place.
Count Dracula: I bid you welcome. [Dracula goes up the stairs. Renfield starts to follow him. Suddenly, Dracula hears wolves howling] Listen to them. Children of the night. What music they make.
[Dracula goes up the steps and waits for Renfield, who, without difficulty, cuts open a hole in a huge spider’s web using his walking stick]
Count Dracula: The spider spinning his web for the unwary fly. The blood is the life, Mr. Renfield.
Renfield: Why, er… yes.”
Renfield doesn’t make it out alive as Dracula ends up attacking him and turning him into a vampire. Renfield becomes crazed as the slave of Dracula. The two travel to England, and when the ship docks only Renfield is left on the boat. Everyone else is dead with the blood sucked out of them. Renfield is a looney, so he is taking to Dr. Seward’s sanitorium.
Martin: Aren’t you ashamed now? Aren’t you? Spiders now, is it? Flies ain’t good enough!
Renfield: Flies? Flies? Poor puny things! Who wants to eat flies?
Martin: You do, you loony!
Renfield: Not when I can get nice fat spiders!
Martin: All right, have it your own way
Later Dracula runs into Dr. Seward, his daughter Mina, Mina’s fiancé John Harker, and family friend Lucy Weston. Lucy becomes enamored of Dracula. Later that night Dracula visits her in her sleep and drinks out all her blood.
The next day Lucy is dead as no transfusion is able to save her.
Renfield is acting crazier, and crazier and Professor Van Helsing starts speaking to him to try and help him work through his problems. He believes there is a vampire involved in this.
“Renfield: He came and stood below my window in the moonlight. And he promised me things, not in words, but by doing them.
Van Helsing: Doing them?
Renfield: By making them happen. A red mist spread over the lawn, coming on like a flame of fire! And then he parted it, and I could see that there were thousands of rats, with their eyes blazing red,l ike his, only smaller. Then he held up his hand, and they all stopped, and I thought he seemed to be saying: “Rats! Rats! Rats! Thousands! Millions of them! All red-blood! All these will I give you! If you will obey me!”
Van Helsing: What did he want you to do?
Renfield: That which has already been done! [giggles sinisterly] “
Renfield doesn’t like it when Van Helsing shows him wolfsbane; something he declares is able to stop vampires.
Later that evening Dracula attacks Mina; he doesn’t fully drain all her blood, but chooses to do it a little at a time.
Van Helsing also notices that Count Dracula doesn’t have a reflection and concludes he must be a vampire.
Van Helsing puts a wreath of wolfsbane around her neck and tells her nurse not to remove it. He also gives Harker a cross and tells him to hold onto it; that it will protect him from harm of the vampires and not to give it away.
Immediately Harker tries to give it to Mina and it doesn’t work.
DID YOU JUST NOT HEAR THE MAN? HE SAID IT WILL WORK ONLY FOR YOU! YOU KEEP IT!
I mean this is such a classic mistake made by these men in these horror films. In The Mummy, he just has to give the girl the charm that is supposed to protect only him, and then gets knocked out and is unable to keep her from being kidnapped. In The Wolf Man, he gives the girl the charm to protect him, and it doesn’t work for her. Instead he manifests into being a werewolf and almost kills her. MORAL OF THESE STORIES, KEEP THE DANG CHARM!!! DON’T GIVE IT AWAY!!!
Van Helsing confronts Dracula and tells him to leave Mina alone. Dracula tells him that it is too late, he has given Mina some of his blood and he belongs to her. Van Helsing tells Dracula that he will hunt down his coffin and drive a stake through his heart no matter what.
“Count Dracula: Van Helsing.
[Van Helsing turns to face Count Dracula]
Count Dracula: Now that you have learned what you have learned, it would be well for you to return to your own country.
Van Helsing: I prefer to remain and protect those whom you would destroy.
Count Dracula: You are too late. My blood now flows through her veins. She will live through the centuries to come, as I have lived.
Van Helsing: Should you escape us, Dracula. We know how to save Miss Mina’s soul if not her life.
Count Dracula: If she dies by day. But I shall see that she dies by night.
Van Helsing: And I will have Carfax Abbey torn down, stone by stone, excavated a mile around. I will find your earth-box and drive that stake through your heart.
Count Dracula: Come here.
[Dracula raises his hand to hypnotise Van Helsing]
[Van Helsing takes three hypnotised steps towards Dracula but soon steps back, resisting Dracula’s hypnotic power over him]
Count Dracula: Your will is strong, Van Helsing.
[Van Helsing reaches out for his crucifix as Dracula looms toward him]
Count Dracula: More wolfsbane?
Van Helsing: More effective than wolfsbane, Count.
Count Dracula: Indeed. [Dracula lunges towards Van Helsing. Van Helsing holds up the crucifix. Dracula snarls and turns away. Van Helsing, in triumph, puts away the crucifix]”
Harker still hasn’t realized what is happening to Mina. He takes her out in the night, where she attacks him. He is saved by Van Helsing who puts Mina in her room with wolfsbane. He tells the nurse to make sure that she does not remove it.
He and Harker leave to look for the coffin. They know it must be in the area as Dracula would never travel too far from it.
While they are gone, Dracula hypnotizes the nurse and has her remove the wolfsbane.
Dracula takes off with Mina, bringing her to his lair.
Harker and Van Helsing see him and follow him; Harker wanting to save Mina while Van Helsing wants to destroy Dracula. Renfield manages to escape from his cell and follows them as well. Dracula kills Renfield; thinking that he lead everyone to his lair. Eventually Dracula is forced to return to his coffin as the sun is rising. When he does Van Helsing drives a stake through his heart and Harker goes to get Mina.
This film is truly amazing and I think you should check it out. It has influenced countless generations and really became the face and substance of who Dracula is.
This was one of Bela Lugosi’s favorite films and when he died he was buried wearing the black silk cape he wore for this film.
So that’s today’s fearsome tale. More on the way.
Here’s poster I made for my cover page on facebook in honor or Halloween. Hope ya love it.
To start Horrorfest from the beginning, go to I Don’t Belong in the World
To go to the previous post, go to It’s Alive, It’s ALIVE!
For more on Dracula, go to A Monster Race
For more on vampires, go to Grimwood Ghouls’ Gyn Teacher
For more on Bela Lugosi, go to Universal’s Classic Monster Movies
For more films based on books, go to The Only Thing That Matters is the Ending
For more on Lon Chaney, go to Feast Your Eyes On My Accursed Ugliness
For more films that spanned countless sequels and remakes, go to Camp Blood
Posted in Horrorfest, Star Wars
Tagged All Kinds of Crazy, Batman, Bats, Bela Lugosi, Billy the Kid vs. Dracula, Blood, Blood of Dracula's Castle, Bram Stoker's Dracula, Cape, Carfax Abbey, Carl Laemmle, Castle, Charm, Children, Children of the Night, Classic Horror Film, Coffins, Count Dracula, Count Dracula's Great Love, Crazy, Crazy People, Cross, Crucifix, Darcula: Prince of Darkness, Dead, Doesn't Listen, Dr. Seward, Dracula, Dracula (1931), Dracula (1958), Dracula (1979), Dracula (2006), Dracula 2000, Dracula 3000, Dracula 3D, Dracula AD 1972, Dracula Has Risen From the Grave, Dracula II: Ascension, Dracula III: Legacy, Dracula vs. Frankenstein, Dracula's Castle, Dracula's Curse, Dracula: Dead and Loving It, Drain All the Blood, Driver, England, Fangs, Feed on Blood, Fiance, Film based on a book, Fire, Flame, Fly, Full Moon, Go Crazy, Going Crazy, Horror, Horror Film, Horror Movies, Horrorfest, Horrtastic, Hotel Transylvania, House of Dracula, Hypnotism, Insane, Insane Asylum, Jonathan Harker, Lawn, Lawyer, Lon Chaney, Looney, Love at First Bite, Lucy Weston, Luggage, Luke Skywalker, Mentally Ill, Mimic, Mimic Bela Lugosi, Mina Seward, Mirror, Mist, Moon, Moonlight, Mountains, Murdered, Music, Neck, NO Reflection, No!, Nurse, Pretend to be a Vampire, Protective Charms, Quoted, Rats, Reflection, Renfield, Sanatorium, Sanitarium, Scarefest, Scars of Dracula, Scary, Scooby-Doo & the Ghoul School, Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf, Slave, Soul, Spanned Remakes, Spanned Sequels, Spider, Stake Through the Heart, Stands the Test of Time, Star Wars, Strong-Willed, Sunrise, Taste the Blood of Dracula, The Batman vs. Dracula, The Mummy, The Mummy (1932), The Return of Dracula, The Satanic Rites of Dracula, The Wolf Man, The Wolf Man (1941), Transfusion, Turned into a Vampire, Underground Lair, Universal Film, Vampire, Vampire Bite, Vampires, Van Helsing, Villagers, Warning, Welcome, Window, Wives, Wolfman, Wolfsbane, Wolves, Wooden Stake
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Author: Jared Howe
S o T o S p e a k | Ep. 179 | Off the Reservation
The President is riding high now that the Mueller Report has been released and he’s been cleared of obstruction and collusion charges.
He even suggested yesterday that he might be president for ten more years.
Ann Coulter and Tucker Carlson beg to differ. Both pundits hammered the President this week — Coulter for the nepotism that led to the appointment of a special counsel in the first place; Carlson for the lack of action with regard to the mass censorship of conservatives across digital media.
How can he get re-elected if his supporters are all censored?
Great question! We’ll explore it in further detail!
This is EPISODE 179 of So to Speak w/ Jared Howe!
S o T o S p e a k | Ep. 178 | Gridlocked
That’s how many new laws have been passed by Congress since Democrats took the majority in the House of Representin’. I had a feeling that Congress wouldn’t be able to work across the aisle to get anything done, and I was right.
Thank god they didn’t take the Senate, too.
For this episode, we’ll be talking a lot about foreign policy, immigration, and a problem with CHRONIC ABSENTEEISM that is sweeping through Lewiston schools FOR ABSOLUTELY NO REASON AT ALL.
S o T o S p e a k | Ep. 177 | The Clown Prince
Handing the keys to Jared Kushner on immigration and foreign policy probably wasn’t the best move Trump’s ever made as president.
As Europe, Saudi Arabia, and Palestine prepare to shoot down “The Secretary of Everything’s” one-state Middle East “peace” proposal, one can’t help but wonder whether Trump still feels the juice was worth the squeeze with regard to hiring his daughter and son-in-law as senior advisers.
Jared is also working on a “comprehensive immigration proposal” with Lindsay Graham that is rumored to include amnesty for DACA recipients, though the chances of it getting tabled in the Senate are basically 100%.
I ask again: Has the juice been worth the squeeze, Mr. President?
We’ll also be talking about a new official statistic from the school system of Lewiston, Maine: 28% of enrolled students are “English language learners” who speak Somali, Arabic, or Swahili as a primary language.
S o T o S p e a k | Ep. 176 | All Hail President Javanka
I dismissed the criticism out of hand because it sounded like a basic mainstream media talking point, but it’s really starting to look like Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump have more sway over Donald Trump and his decision-making process than the rest of his cabinet combined.
Two things made me change my mind:
1.) The ongoing feud between Kushner and Miller over immigration
2.) The recently released book Kushner Inc.
We’ll be talking about this in much further detail.
S o T o S p e a k | Ep. 175 | Don’t Dump on Me
Nancy Pelosi is starting to sound more like me every day now that Trump wants ICE to released detained migrants in Sanctuary Cities like hers.
Sounds like a great idea to me!
Forcing Democrats to live with the consequences of their advocacy ought to improve their morale, so we’ll be discussing this in further detail.
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Jessica McLeod-Yu
Story Teller, 2D Animator, Illustrator, Artist
AWAKE Project
Novel -The Wish Bringer
MIAF2018 – Festival Video
Video | 27 June, 2018 | Rocket Child
I work as the Assistant Director at the “Melbourne International Animation Festival“, which just ran for 10 days last week. Out of over 4000 submissions, we screened +400 films in 45 curated programs. MIAF is the greatest hub for screening independent animation in all of Australia.
My role was to lead the crew and run the festival, which included organising special presentations from Filmmakers and industry professionals, liaising with special guests, Filmmakers and festival attendees, general administration, and more.
This video is an overview of MIAF2018.
AWAKE animation
AWAKE: WAKING UP FROM THE DARKNESS OF DEPRESSION
||Digital Hand Drawn || Animated Film || 4’13” || 2018 || FILM || TRAILER
AWAKE is a 5 minute hand drawn animated documentary about the emotional journey of a kid experiencing and pulling though depression.
Directed: Jessica McLeod-Yu
WHAT IS AWAKE?
AWAKE is a hand drawn, 5 minute animated documentary that shows the emotional journey of of kid going through depression.The story uses metaphorical language to relaying the emotional impact of having depression, in comparison to real world experiences. The effect is to communicate and generate an empathetic response from people who have never experienced it, such as parents and friends of someone going through depression. The appeal of this feature lies in its uplifting message, which is to give hope to young adults going through depression, by showing that it is possible to recover and take control of their lives again.
The animation is frame by frame hand drawn animation. It combines traditional and digital drawings. All the concept art and some background art are drawn on paper, while everything else is drawn and animated digitally using a Wacom Cintiq drawing tablet and Photoshop. The cuts are then edited and composited in After Effects and Premier Pro.
The over all drawing style is very bold and graphic like street art. The majority of the animation is in black and white, with appropriate uses of colour to emphasise the featured emotions. The drawing style of the characters is designed to be cute and minimalist to make the animation process easier and aid production.
Left => Right: Sketch, Line, Doodle. The story focuses on Sketch, a teen who has fallen into the rut of depression. Sketch’s friends, Line and Doodle, want to hang out as usual, but they don’t hear the inner voice that tells Sketch that they’re not good enough. The main character is designed to be gender neutral and interpreted as a ‘persona’ than as a ‘character’ to show that depression affects many types of people regardless of their gender, as well as their friends and family.
WHY THIS FILM?
When studying my Bachelor of Fine Arts (Honours) degree at the University of Newcastle, Australia, AWAKE was the practical part of my thesis, which was about how the medium of animation could be used to convey internal states of consciousness.I chose this topic because I observed that there were a lot of young people experiencing depression, but not too many of them spoke about overcoming their grief. I no longer experience chronic depression, however based on my past experiences, I wrote this story with the intention of inspiring people currently going through depression as well as their friends and family.
*Nangyang Technological University, Singapore, October 2017
*Best of MIAF Shepparton, October 2017*Newcastle International Animation Festival, September 2017
*Independence Celebration for Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, August 2017
*Melbourne International Animation Festival, June 2017
*Australian International Animation Festival, April 2017
*Watt Space Art Gallery, Newcastle, November 2017
*Maitland Regional Art Gallery, Maitland, November – February 2017
Follow Jessica McLeod-Yu on WordPress.com
animation art article interview journal Tutorial Uncategorized
All works are copyrighted © and belong to Jessica McLeod-Yu. Please keep source links when sharing content on other sites. Do not use for personal use without permission.
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Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An evaluation of nonlinear relationships
Catherine D. Axtell, Christopher Cox, Gary J. Myers, Philip W. Davidson, Anna L. Choi, Elsa Cernichiari, Jean Sloane-Reeves, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Thomas W. Clarkson
Studies to date of the developmental effects of pre- and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the Seychelles Islands, using linear regression models for analysis, have not shown adverse effects on neurodevelopmental test scores. In this study we evaluated whether nonlinear effects of methylmercury exposure were present, using scores on six tests administered to cohort children in the Seychelles Child Development Study at 66 months of age. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring mercury in a segment of maternal scalp hair representing growth during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was measured in a segment of the child's hair taken at 66-months of age. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which make no assumptions about the functional form of the relationship between exposure and test score, were used in the analysis. GAMs similar to the original linear regression models were used to reanalyze the six primary developmental endpoints from the 66-month test battery. Small nonlinearities were identified in the relationships between prenatal exposure and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) Total score and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and between postnatal exposure and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) test scores. The effects are best described graphically but can be summarized by computing the change in the predicted test score from 0 to either 10 or 15 ppm and then above this point. For the PLS the trend involved a decline of 0.8 points between 0 and 10 ppm followed by an increase (representing improvement) of 1.3 points above 10 ppm. For the CBCL there was an increase of 1 point from 0 to 15 ppm, and then a decline (improvement) of 4 points above 15 ppm. The GCI increased by 1.8 points through 10 ppm and then declined 3.2 points (representing worse performance) above 10 ppm. These results are not entirely consistent. Two of the trends involve what appear to be beneficial effects of prenatal exposure. The one possibly adverse trend involves postnatal exposure. In every case the trend changes direction, so that an effect in one direction is followed by an effect in the opposite direction. Because of the descriptive nature of GAMs it is difficult to provide a precise level of statistical significance for the estimated trends. Certainly above 10 ppm there is less data and trends above this level are estimated less precisely. Overall there was no clear evidence for consistent (across the entire range of exposure levels) adverse effects of exposure on the six developmental outcomes. Further nonlinear modeling of these data may be appropriate, but there is also the risk of fitting complex models without a clear biological rationale. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
methylmercury
Fish consumption
Non-linear association
Environmental Science(all)
Axtell, C. D., Cox, C., Myers, G. J., Davidson, P. W., Choi, A. L., Cernichiari, E., ... Clarkson, T. W. (2000). Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An evaluation of nonlinear relationships. Environmental Research, 84(2), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study : An evaluation of nonlinear relationships. / Axtell, Catherine D.; Cox, Christopher; Myers, Gary J.; Davidson, Philip W.; Choi, Anna L.; Cernichiari, Elsa; Sloane-Reeves, Jean; Shamlaye, Conrad F.; Clarkson, Thomas W.
In: Environmental Research, Vol. 84, No. 2, 2000, p. 71-80.
Axtell, CD, Cox, C, Myers, GJ, Davidson, PW, Choi, AL, Cernichiari, E, Sloane-Reeves, J, Shamlaye, CF & Clarkson, TW 2000, 'Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An evaluation of nonlinear relationships', Environmental Research, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
Axtell CD, Cox C, Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Choi AL, Cernichiari E et al. Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An evaluation of nonlinear relationships. Environmental Research. 2000;84(2):71-80. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
Axtell, Catherine D. ; Cox, Christopher ; Myers, Gary J. ; Davidson, Philip W. ; Choi, Anna L. ; Cernichiari, Elsa ; Sloane-Reeves, Jean ; Shamlaye, Conrad F. ; Clarkson, Thomas W. / Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study : An evaluation of nonlinear relationships. In: Environmental Research. 2000 ; Vol. 84, No. 2. pp. 71-80.
@article{e81eab835395481cab16660636013006,
title = "Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study: An evaluation of nonlinear relationships",
abstract = "Studies to date of the developmental effects of pre- and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the Seychelles Islands, using linear regression models for analysis, have not shown adverse effects on neurodevelopmental test scores. In this study we evaluated whether nonlinear effects of methylmercury exposure were present, using scores on six tests administered to cohort children in the Seychelles Child Development Study at 66 months of age. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring mercury in a segment of maternal scalp hair representing growth during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was measured in a segment of the child's hair taken at 66-months of age. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which make no assumptions about the functional form of the relationship between exposure and test score, were used in the analysis. GAMs similar to the original linear regression models were used to reanalyze the six primary developmental endpoints from the 66-month test battery. Small nonlinearities were identified in the relationships between prenatal exposure and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) Total score and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and between postnatal exposure and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) test scores. The effects are best described graphically but can be summarized by computing the change in the predicted test score from 0 to either 10 or 15 ppm and then above this point. For the PLS the trend involved a decline of 0.8 points between 0 and 10 ppm followed by an increase (representing improvement) of 1.3 points above 10 ppm. For the CBCL there was an increase of 1 point from 0 to 15 ppm, and then a decline (improvement) of 4 points above 15 ppm. The GCI increased by 1.8 points through 10 ppm and then declined 3.2 points (representing worse performance) above 10 ppm. These results are not entirely consistent. Two of the trends involve what appear to be beneficial effects of prenatal exposure. The one possibly adverse trend involves postnatal exposure. In every case the trend changes direction, so that an effect in one direction is followed by an effect in the opposite direction. Because of the descriptive nature of GAMs it is difficult to provide a precise level of statistical significance for the estimated trends. Certainly above 10 ppm there is less data and trends above this level are estimated less precisely. Overall there was no clear evidence for consistent (across the entire range of exposure levels) adverse effects of exposure on the six developmental outcomes. Further nonlinear modeling of these data may be appropriate, but there is also the risk of fitting complex models without a clear biological rationale. (C) 2000 Academic Press.",
keywords = "Child development, Fish consumption, Generalized additive models, Methylmercury, Non-linear association",
author = "Axtell, {Catherine D.} and Christopher Cox and Myers, {Gary J.} and Davidson, {Philip W.} and Choi, {Anna L.} and Elsa Cernichiari and Jean Sloane-Reeves and Shamlaye, {Conrad F.} and Clarkson, {Thomas W.}",
doi = "10.1006/enrs.2000.4082",
journal = "Environmental Research",
T1 - Association between methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and child development at five and a half years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study
T2 - An evaluation of nonlinear relationships
AU - Axtell, Catherine D.
AU - Cox, Christopher
AU - Myers, Gary J.
AU - Davidson, Philip W.
AU - Choi, Anna L.
AU - Cernichiari, Elsa
AU - Sloane-Reeves, Jean
AU - Shamlaye, Conrad F.
AU - Clarkson, Thomas W.
N2 - Studies to date of the developmental effects of pre- and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the Seychelles Islands, using linear regression models for analysis, have not shown adverse effects on neurodevelopmental test scores. In this study we evaluated whether nonlinear effects of methylmercury exposure were present, using scores on six tests administered to cohort children in the Seychelles Child Development Study at 66 months of age. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring mercury in a segment of maternal scalp hair representing growth during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was measured in a segment of the child's hair taken at 66-months of age. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which make no assumptions about the functional form of the relationship between exposure and test score, were used in the analysis. GAMs similar to the original linear regression models were used to reanalyze the six primary developmental endpoints from the 66-month test battery. Small nonlinearities were identified in the relationships between prenatal exposure and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) Total score and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and between postnatal exposure and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) test scores. The effects are best described graphically but can be summarized by computing the change in the predicted test score from 0 to either 10 or 15 ppm and then above this point. For the PLS the trend involved a decline of 0.8 points between 0 and 10 ppm followed by an increase (representing improvement) of 1.3 points above 10 ppm. For the CBCL there was an increase of 1 point from 0 to 15 ppm, and then a decline (improvement) of 4 points above 15 ppm. The GCI increased by 1.8 points through 10 ppm and then declined 3.2 points (representing worse performance) above 10 ppm. These results are not entirely consistent. Two of the trends involve what appear to be beneficial effects of prenatal exposure. The one possibly adverse trend involves postnatal exposure. In every case the trend changes direction, so that an effect in one direction is followed by an effect in the opposite direction. Because of the descriptive nature of GAMs it is difficult to provide a precise level of statistical significance for the estimated trends. Certainly above 10 ppm there is less data and trends above this level are estimated less precisely. Overall there was no clear evidence for consistent (across the entire range of exposure levels) adverse effects of exposure on the six developmental outcomes. Further nonlinear modeling of these data may be appropriate, but there is also the risk of fitting complex models without a clear biological rationale. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
AB - Studies to date of the developmental effects of pre- and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the Seychelles Islands, using linear regression models for analysis, have not shown adverse effects on neurodevelopmental test scores. In this study we evaluated whether nonlinear effects of methylmercury exposure were present, using scores on six tests administered to cohort children in the Seychelles Child Development Study at 66 months of age. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring mercury in a segment of maternal scalp hair representing growth during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was measured in a segment of the child's hair taken at 66-months of age. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which make no assumptions about the functional form of the relationship between exposure and test score, were used in the analysis. GAMs similar to the original linear regression models were used to reanalyze the six primary developmental endpoints from the 66-month test battery. Small nonlinearities were identified in the relationships between prenatal exposure and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) Total score and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and between postnatal exposure and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) test scores. The effects are best described graphically but can be summarized by computing the change in the predicted test score from 0 to either 10 or 15 ppm and then above this point. For the PLS the trend involved a decline of 0.8 points between 0 and 10 ppm followed by an increase (representing improvement) of 1.3 points above 10 ppm. For the CBCL there was an increase of 1 point from 0 to 15 ppm, and then a decline (improvement) of 4 points above 15 ppm. The GCI increased by 1.8 points through 10 ppm and then declined 3.2 points (representing worse performance) above 10 ppm. These results are not entirely consistent. Two of the trends involve what appear to be beneficial effects of prenatal exposure. The one possibly adverse trend involves postnatal exposure. In every case the trend changes direction, so that an effect in one direction is followed by an effect in the opposite direction. Because of the descriptive nature of GAMs it is difficult to provide a precise level of statistical significance for the estimated trends. Certainly above 10 ppm there is less data and trends above this level are estimated less precisely. Overall there was no clear evidence for consistent (across the entire range of exposure levels) adverse effects of exposure on the six developmental outcomes. Further nonlinear modeling of these data may be appropriate, but there is also the risk of fitting complex models without a clear biological rationale. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
KW - Child development
KW - Fish consumption
KW - Generalized additive models
KW - Methylmercury
KW - Non-linear association
U2 - 10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
DO - 10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
10.1006/enrs.2000.4082
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Hip Invicta Watches For Men And Women Who Appreciate Quality Craftsmanship
The word invicta is actually Latin for the word "invincible, " which is a good way to describe the watch company since its founding in 1837 in Switzerland. Over the years, the company has regrouped and retooled so it can continue to bring its customers quality Swiss watches at an affordable price. The result is a stunning line of Invicta watches for men and women who appreciate a well-made, classic timepiece.
Invicta's collection of watches for Www.odwiki.org (Www.Odwiki.Org) men leans heavily toward a nautical style. Their names alone connote the sea: Leviathan, Ocean Reef, Pro Diver, Russian Diver and Sea Spider, to name a few. But even within one line of watches are a host of different choices, faces, dials, silhouettes and bands. In fact, one watch line, the Lupah, is available in 196,560 optional variations.
Start at the high end with the Subaqua Noma III Swiss automatic chronograph diamond watch. This magnificent timepiece starts with a round 18 karat gold-plated stainless steel case with a unidirectional ratcheting bezel, surrounded by 42 round, single-cut diamonds. The grey mother-of-pearl dial has three subdials - an hour counter above 6:00, a second counter at 9:00 and a minute counter just underneath 12:00. The date window is at 3:00. A tachymeter encircles the outer dial, which lets you calculate speed over a fixed distance. The gold-tone bracelet features polished outer links and textured inner links for a rich combination.
The watch is water resistant to 500 meters. It comes with a limited one-year warranty. Total diamond weight is approximately 3.36ct.
Another high-end watch is the Reserve Men's Pro Diver Swiss automatic lefty meteorite 18 karat gold-plated stainless watch. Lefty means the crown is on the left side of the case for those who are left-handed. The round 18karat gold-plated, stainless steel case has an 18 karat gold-plated stepped bezel. The genuine round, black meteorite dial features Arabic numerals at 10-minute intervals. It has luminous Tritnite diamond shaped index markers at 3:00, 6:00 and 9:00 and Tritnite Arabic numbers at the other positions. Want to see what is powering this beautiful watch? Check out the round opening above 6:00 to see the Swiss Sellita SW200 automatic movement below. Adding to the contrast between the black dial and the 18 karat gold-plated case is a 9-inch, 316L stainless steel bracelet made of 18 karat gold-plated outer links and black inner links. The bracelet tapers to 24mm at the deployant clasp.
The watch is water resistant to 500 meters and comes with a limited five-year warranty.
Want a watch that is more for athletics than the office? Consider the Lupah Revolution, a limited edition Swiss-made automatic chronograph watch with a leather strap. It features the first-ever Sellita SW 500 automatic chronograph movement. Only 2,300 of these watches were made, each one bearing its limited edition number on the back of the case.
The watch's rounded rectangular gunmetal stainless steel case is 22.5mm thick, including the lugs. Its special exhibition back lets you see the Swiss Sellita SW 500 automatic chronograph movement in action. The black metal face contrasts with the luminous Tritnite hands and the three iridescent mother-of-pearl subdials: a minute subdial under 12:00, an hour subdial above 6:00 and a second subdial at 9:00 complete it. An 8¾-inch black leather strap is secured with a buckle. The same watch is available in black with a rose tone case.
Water resistant to 100 meters, the watch comes with a limited one-year warranty.
On the high end of the spectrum for women is the Subaqua Noma III Swiss quartz diamond watch with a black leather strap. This watch builds around a stainless steel case, plated in shimmering silver-tone, with a unidirectional ratcheting bezel that is set with 36 round, full-cut diamonds. The white mother-of-pearl dial is surrounded by a tachymeter scale. On the face are three sub-dials near 2:00, 6:00 and 10:00. The date window is near 4:00. Attaching the timepiece to your wrist is a black, crocodile-like embossed strap and a silver buckle.
The watch is water resistant to 500 meters and comes with a one-year limited warranty. Total diamond weight is approximately 2.88ct.
The new Lupah Revolution model comes in some dazzling color combinations for women, such as the pink and white Swiss chronograph watch with a leather strap. The rose-tone 316L stainless steel case has a domed crystal that magnifies the pink sunray dial and the raised diamond accented index markers. You will find raised Arabic numerals with diamond accents at 6:00 and 12:00, and pink hour, minute and subdials. A date window appears near 4:00. In contrast to the rose-tone and pink is a rich, white leather strap, measuring 8½ inches by 22 mm.
This watch is water resistant to100 meters and comes with a one-year limited warranty. Man or woman, athlete or office worker, dress up or dress down, there is bound to be an Invicta watch that matches your style and your penchant for quality.
Eric Bauer is a freelance writer who writes about fashion apparel and brands such as .
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At 2020 Women's March In Phoenix, Solidarity Leads To Optimism
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→ Year 4: Where Does The Women's March Stand?
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combat land degradation , economics of land degradation (ELD), environmental footprint, foreign investments , human trafficking, infrastructure, land targets, sustainable land management
Knowledge Hub Content (55)
(-) sustainable land management (81)
(-) economics of land degradation (ELD) (22)
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Land restoration in food security programmes: synergies with climate change mitigation
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Soil carbon sink? It depends also on nitrogen
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Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), ecology, grazing management, land cover change, right to food, sustainable land management practices
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In knowledgeforu.co.uk you can find the telephone of each company you need
River Island Telephone Number
October 5, 2019 By knowledgeforu
1 River Island Telephone Number 0344 576 6444
2 Contact River Island by phone
3 Contact River Island customer service on the internet
River Island Telephone Number 0344 576 6444
River Island is a high street fashion brand, with over 350 stores across the UK, Ireland and internationally, as well as six dedicated online sites operating in four currencies. Set up in 1948 by Bernard Lewis and his brothers in London, the company is still owned by the Lewis family.
Image for decorative use (*)
Contact River Island by phone
As River Island has so many outlets, you need to be sure whether or not you need to contact an individual store, or its central service. The central number for River Island customer services for UK and Ireland is 0344 576 6444. This number is staffed seven days a week from 8AM to 8PM. The company notes that this number cannot be used by customers wishing to place orders by telephone. However, it can be used for enquiries about River Island Gift Cards. To find out individual River Island outlets’ phone numbers, the most easiest way is to go to the company website and then at the bottom of the home page, click on store locator. Apart from offer a search based on postcodes, the locator also can be filtered by searches for ‘superstores’ ‘large sizes’, ‘kids’ and other categories. To contact River Island Customer Services by post the address is: Customer Services, River Island Clothing Company, Chelsea House, Westgate, London W5 1DR. People wanting to apply for work at the company’s head office, can either submit an application on line, or you can phone an HR member about job opportunities on 0208 991 4500.
Contact River Island customer service on the internet
The River Island UK internet web site is www.riverisland.com. To send River Island a message via the website. Click on the ‘Contact Us’ tab right at the bottom of the company’s homepage. From there you can send an online message to it Customer Service team. The company asks that when contacting it this way, please provide as much information about your query as possible. Alternatively, you can email the team at customer.services@river-island.com. Common queries received by the team relate to delivery times. The company says it aims to deliver Express delivery orders within 1 to 2 working days, while it aims to deliver all mainland UK standard delivery Orders within 3 to 4 days. To find out whether your local River Island store has a particular product in stock you will need to simply click on your chosen product, then click on the ‘check stock in store’ box.
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knowledgeforu.co.uk is a website that provides information about customer services of public, private and official organizations, and there is not any relationship between them and the website. knowledgeforu.co.uk can not guarantee that the information provided on the website is up to date or 100% correct. * All images that appear on knowledgeforu.co.uk have copyright and have been obtained from a stock photo agency. The purpose of these images is purely decorative and there is not any relationship between the public, private and official organizations and the images. Copyright © 2018 Cookies Policy | Privacy Policy | Legal Notice | Contact and advertising
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The Louis Vuitton label was founded by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris, France. Louis Vuitton had observed that the HJ Cave Osilite trunk could be easily stacked. In 1858, Vuitton introduced his flat-topped trunks with trianon canvas, making them lightweight and airtight.
The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books.
1987 saw the creation of LVMH. Moët et Chandon and Hennessy, leading manufacturers of champagne and cognac, merged respectively with Louis Vuitton to form the luxury goods conglomerate.
In 1997, Louis Vuitton made Marc Jacobs its Artistic Director.<17> In March of the following year, he designed and introduced the company's first "prêt-à-porter" line of clothing for men and women. Also in this year products introduced included the Monogram Vernis line, the LV scrapbooks, and the Louis Vuitton City Guide.
By 2001, Stephen Sprouse, in collaboration with Marc Jacobs, designed a limited-edition line of Vuitton bags<10> that featured graffiti written over the monogram pattern. The graffiti read Louis Vuitton and, on certain bags, the name of the bag (such as Keepall and Speedy). Certain pieces, which featured the graffiti without the Monogram Canvas background, were only available on Louis Vuitton's V.I.P. customer list.
In 2003, Takashi Murakami,<10> in collaboration with Marc Jacobs, masterminded the new Monogram Multicolore canvas range of handbags and accessories. This range included the monograms of the standard Monogram Canvas but in 33 different colors on either a white or black background. (The classic canvas features gold monograms on a brown background.) Murakami also created the Cherry Blossom pattern, in which smiling cartoon faces in the middle of pink and yellow flowers were sporadically placed atop the Monogram Canvas. This pattern appeared on a limited number of pieces.
On 4 November 2013, the company confirmed that Nicolas Ghesquière had been hired to replace Marc Jacobs as artistic director of women's collections.
Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Vuitton
Copyright - Diana Vreeland. Jonathan Becker/Contour by Getty Images – 1979
Copyright – Advert Yayoi Kusama for Louis Vuitton - 2012
Our Louis Vuitton's products
Louis Vuitton Tinkerbell Polka Dots Sac Collector 2007
Louis Vuitton by Marc Jacobs, year 2007, the Tinkerbell Polka Dots tote bag made of cream canvas embellishing leather rounds studs all over, chain and leather straps, a front flap pocket with a twist-lock fastening and swaying bells.
Stamp : Louis Vuitton Paris Made in France
Size : 30 x 18 x 5 cm, handle : 12 cm
Condition : Very good condition
Type : Collector
Read more about : Louis Vuitton
See all our brands & designers
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Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation
Koichi Matsuo, Jane M. Owens, Martin Tonko, Candace Elliott, Timothy J. Chambers, Erwin F. Wagner
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells derived from haematopoietic precursors of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Mice lacking Fos (encoding c- Fos) develop osteopetrosis due to an early differentiation block in the osteoclast lineage. c-Fos is a component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1), which is composed mainly of Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2) and Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB and JunD). Unlike Fra-1 (encoded by Fos/1), c-Fos contains transactivation domains required for oncogenesis and cellular transformation. The mechanism by which c-Fos exerts its specific function in osteoclast differentiation is not understood. Here we show by retroviral-gene transfer that all four Fos proteins, but not the Jun proteins, rescue the differentiation block in vitro. Structure-function analysis demonstrated that the major carboxy-terminal transactivation domains of c-Fos and FosB are dispensable and that Fra-1 (which lacks transactivation domains) has the highest rescue activity. Moreover, a transgene expressing Fra-1 rescues the osteopetrosis of c-Fos-mutant mice in vivo. The osteoclast differentiation factor Rankl (also known as TRANCE, ODF and OPGL; refs 8-11) induces transcription of Fos/1 in a c-Fos-dependent manner, thereby establishing a link between Rank signalling and the expression of Ap-1 proteins in osteoclast differentiation.
Published - 2000 Feb
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
Osteopetrosis
Transcription Factor AP-1
RANK Ligand
Transgenes
Matsuo, K., Owens, J. M., Tonko, M., Elliott, C., Chambers, T. J., & Wagner, E. F. (2000). Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation. Nature Genetics, 24(2), 184-187. https://doi.org/10.1038/72855
Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation. / Matsuo, Koichi; Owens, Jane M.; Tonko, Martin; Elliott, Candace; Chambers, Timothy J.; Wagner, Erwin F.
In: Nature Genetics, Vol. 24, No. 2, 02.2000, p. 184-187.
Matsuo, K, Owens, JM, Tonko, M, Elliott, C, Chambers, TJ & Wagner, EF 2000, 'Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation', Nature Genetics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 184-187. https://doi.org/10.1038/72855
Matsuo K, Owens JM, Tonko M, Elliott C, Chambers TJ, Wagner EF. Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation. Nature Genetics. 2000 Feb;24(2):184-187. https://doi.org/10.1038/72855
Matsuo, Koichi ; Owens, Jane M. ; Tonko, Martin ; Elliott, Candace ; Chambers, Timothy J. ; Wagner, Erwin F. / Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation. In: Nature Genetics. 2000 ; Vol. 24, No. 2. pp. 184-187.
@article{b7ae87bee5b8480abcae5d60339388b6,
title = "Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation",
abstract = "Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells derived from haematopoietic precursors of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Mice lacking Fos (encoding c- Fos) develop osteopetrosis due to an early differentiation block in the osteoclast lineage. c-Fos is a component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1), which is composed mainly of Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2) and Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB and JunD). Unlike Fra-1 (encoded by Fos/1), c-Fos contains transactivation domains required for oncogenesis and cellular transformation. The mechanism by which c-Fos exerts its specific function in osteoclast differentiation is not understood. Here we show by retroviral-gene transfer that all four Fos proteins, but not the Jun proteins, rescue the differentiation block in vitro. Structure-function analysis demonstrated that the major carboxy-terminal transactivation domains of c-Fos and FosB are dispensable and that Fra-1 (which lacks transactivation domains) has the highest rescue activity. Moreover, a transgene expressing Fra-1 rescues the osteopetrosis of c-Fos-mutant mice in vivo. The osteoclast differentiation factor Rankl (also known as TRANCE, ODF and OPGL; refs 8-11) induces transcription of Fos/1 in a c-Fos-dependent manner, thereby establishing a link between Rank signalling and the expression of Ap-1 proteins in osteoclast differentiation.",
author = "Koichi Matsuo and Owens, {Jane M.} and Martin Tonko and Candace Elliott and Chambers, {Timothy J.} and Wagner, {Erwin F.}",
doi = "10.1038/72855",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
T1 - Fos/1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation
AU - Matsuo, Koichi
AU - Owens, Jane M.
AU - Tonko, Martin
AU - Elliott, Candace
AU - Chambers, Timothy J.
AU - Wagner, Erwin F.
N2 - Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells derived from haematopoietic precursors of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Mice lacking Fos (encoding c- Fos) develop osteopetrosis due to an early differentiation block in the osteoclast lineage. c-Fos is a component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1), which is composed mainly of Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2) and Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB and JunD). Unlike Fra-1 (encoded by Fos/1), c-Fos contains transactivation domains required for oncogenesis and cellular transformation. The mechanism by which c-Fos exerts its specific function in osteoclast differentiation is not understood. Here we show by retroviral-gene transfer that all four Fos proteins, but not the Jun proteins, rescue the differentiation block in vitro. Structure-function analysis demonstrated that the major carboxy-terminal transactivation domains of c-Fos and FosB are dispensable and that Fra-1 (which lacks transactivation domains) has the highest rescue activity. Moreover, a transgene expressing Fra-1 rescues the osteopetrosis of c-Fos-mutant mice in vivo. The osteoclast differentiation factor Rankl (also known as TRANCE, ODF and OPGL; refs 8-11) induces transcription of Fos/1 in a c-Fos-dependent manner, thereby establishing a link between Rank signalling and the expression of Ap-1 proteins in osteoclast differentiation.
AB - Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells derived from haematopoietic precursors of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Mice lacking Fos (encoding c- Fos) develop osteopetrosis due to an early differentiation block in the osteoclast lineage. c-Fos is a component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1), which is composed mainly of Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2) and Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB and JunD). Unlike Fra-1 (encoded by Fos/1), c-Fos contains transactivation domains required for oncogenesis and cellular transformation. The mechanism by which c-Fos exerts its specific function in osteoclast differentiation is not understood. Here we show by retroviral-gene transfer that all four Fos proteins, but not the Jun proteins, rescue the differentiation block in vitro. Structure-function analysis demonstrated that the major carboxy-terminal transactivation domains of c-Fos and FosB are dispensable and that Fra-1 (which lacks transactivation domains) has the highest rescue activity. Moreover, a transgene expressing Fra-1 rescues the osteopetrosis of c-Fos-mutant mice in vivo. The osteoclast differentiation factor Rankl (also known as TRANCE, ODF and OPGL; refs 8-11) induces transcription of Fos/1 in a c-Fos-dependent manner, thereby establishing a link between Rank signalling and the expression of Ap-1 proteins in osteoclast differentiation.
U2 - 10.1038/72855
DO - 10.1038/72855
JO - Nature Genetics
JF - Nature Genetics
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journlaw
About journlaw
Books by Mark Pearson
‘Blogging and Tweeting Without Getting Sued’
Media Law Updates
Legal and Regulatory Systems
Open Justice & Freedom of Information
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Category Archives: free expression
Washington Post podcast shows role of JWs in First Amendment rights #MLGriff
By MARK PEARSON Follow @Journlaw
MEDIA law students and colleagues will have undoubtedly noticed the Jehovah’s Witnesses pop-up stalls with religious books and magazines outside campuses and public transport stops, staffed by followers passively promoting their religion.
Yet few would realise the important role this religious group has played in cementing First Amendment rights in the United States, with a ripple effect for freedom of religion and free expression internationally.
That story is central to Episode 16 of the acclaimed Washington Post podcast ‘Constitutional’, available free here.
It uses the voices of constitutional experts and those who lived through the period to explain how a series of cases brought to the US Supreme Court by the Jehovah’s Witnesses forged the interpretations of the First Amendment that laid the platform for religious and media freedom – and free expression more generally – today.
More than 20 cases were brought in the midst of the Second World War. The religion lost the first two major cases, related to proselytising in public and the right of their children to refuse to salute the US flag at school.
But within two years the Supreme Court had overturned that decision, giving the First Amendment precedence over many other rights.
It is a compelling narrative and particularly well produced, and recommended listening for media law students.
Australia’s High Court has chosen to take a narrower approach to freedom of speech and religion in its interpretation of what it has called an ‘implied freedom to communicate on matters of politics and government’. In a comparable case in 2013, it declined a religious group’s attempt to use that implied freedom to proselytise in the centre of Adelaide.
Caleb and Samuel Corneloup were evangelical members of the fundamentalist ‘Street Church’, who preached in Adelaide’s busy Rundle Mall in a loud, animated and sometimes confronting style. Adelaide City Council tried to stop them, by using a by-law prohibiting anyone preaching or distributing printed matter on any road to any bystander or passer-by without permission.
The High Court majority held that the Local Government Act empowered the council to make the by-laws. They ‘were a valid exercise of the Council’s statutory power to make by-laws for the good rule and government of the area, and for the convenience, comfort and safety of its inhabitants’.
Although they ‘burdened political communication, they did not infringe the implied constitutional freedom’ because they served a legitimate end in a manner compatible with our system of representative and responsible government, the High Court said (Pearson & Polden, 2019)
[See Attorney-General (SA) v Corporation of the City of Adelaide [2013] HCA 3 (27 February 2013), <www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/2013/3.html>. ]
Disclaimer: While I write about media law and ethics, nothing here should be construed as legal advice. I am an academic, not a lawyer. My only advice is that you consult a lawyer before taking any legal risks.
© Mark Pearson 2019 – the moral right of the author has been asserted.
Filed under censorship, First Amendment, free expression, freedom of religion, journalism, journalism education, media ethics, Media freedom, media law, Media regulation, Press freedom, suppression
Tagged as censorship, First Amendment, free expression, freedom to communicate, high court, Jehovah's Witnesses, journalism, journalism education, Journalist's guide to media law, law, mark pearson, media, media law, press freedom, religious freedom, Supreme Court
August 8, 2019 · 9:03 am
Australian metadata laws put confidential interviews at risk, with no protections for research
Interviews from a range of sensitive research topics may be at risk. These include immigration, crime and corruption.
EACH year, academics and students make countless applications for research ethics approval, based on the promise of confidentiality to their interview subjects. Interviewees sometimes offer academic researchers information that might be self-incriminating or might jeopardise the rights and liberties of others they’re discussing.
But Australia’s metadata retention laws can lead to the identification and even incrimination of the very people whose identities academic researchers have promised to keep secret for their work.
Imagine, for instance, a criminologist conducting a project examining white collar crime in banking and financial services. The academic’s confidential interviews with former company directors and executives might elicit specific and revealing answers. It could lead to potential redundancy or even jail time, depending on their vulnerability and culpability.
Under the metadata laws, government agencies make hundreds of thousands of requests to Australian telcos each year for their customers’ phone and internet communications metadata.
For the criminologist, this means relevant agencies can ask telcos to access his or her metadata in the form of call records and computer IP addresses. This means they can identify whether a person of interest has been in communication with the researcher and is the possible source of incriminating material. Other investigations and legal steps might then follow.
Interviews about a range of sensitive research topics may be at risk. These include immigration, crime and corruption, national security, policing, politics, international relations and policy.
The impact of metadata laws on journalists and their sources have been well documented. But we can only wonder how many people will agree to participate in academic research if they are made fully aware of the real potential of being identified by investigators.
READ my full article in The Conversation.
Filed under free expression, journalism, journalism education, media ethics, Media freedom, media law, Media regulation, national security, open justice, Press freedom, sub judice, suppression, terrorism
Tagged as academic freedom, Australian media, free expression, freedom to communicate, gags, human research ethics, journalism, journalism education, Journalist's guide to media law, law, mark pearson, media, media law, national security, Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, press freedom, research ethics
Submission to inquiry shows journalism educators and students lack metadata source protection
Australian journalists have a narrow and inadequate protection under national security laws from government agencies accessing their metadata to discover the identity of their confidential sources.
I helped the Journalism Education and Research Association of Australia (JERAA) prepare a parliamentary committee submission that explains journalism educators and journalism students do not even qualify for that low level of protection, leaving their confidential sources open to revelation.
Our submission now sits with several others on the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security site here.
We have asked that legislators focus on the public interest journalism involved when awarding such defences and protections rather than focussing simply on whether someone is a ‘journalist‘ – an occupation and term difficult to define in the modern era – and used as the default for the rare privileges given.
We have proposed that
existing and proposed protections for ‘journalists and media organisations’ be extended to apply to the research and outputs of journalism educators and their students when they are engaged in ‘public interest journalism’, whether or not they are paid to work as journalists and whether or not their work is published by a ‘media organisation’ in its traditional sense.
We have also asked that the Commonwealth lead a reform initiative to unify all state, territory an Commonwealth media laws across a range of publication restrictions to do away with anachronistic inconsistencies and introduce a public interest journalism defence or exemption so that courts are prompted to balance the various interests at stake before issuing a warrant against a journalist or taking criminal action.
The Committee is now entering the phase of public hearings. See their site here.
Tagged as Australian media, free expression, freedom to communicate, gags, journalism, journalism education, Journalist's guide to media law, law, mark pearson, media, media law, national security, Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, press freedom
Rare criminal defamation charge in Queensland – #MLGriff
QUEENSLAND police have charged a Sunshine Coast man with criminal defamation under a rarely used provision of the Criminal Code 1899.
They will allege he distributed pamphlets to neighbourhood homes claiming a former associate was a paedophile.
As Lord Denning, in the 1977 Goldsmith case, said, ‘A criminal libel is so serious that the offender should be punished for it by the state itself. He should either be sent to prison or made to pay a fine to the state itself’ (at 485).
As we explain in the sixth edition of The Journalist’s Guide to Media Law (Pearson and Polden, Allen & Unwin, 2019, pp 298-299), instances of criminal defamation usually arise between ordinary citizens rather than in the media.
Examples include the Wineries case (1998), where a disgruntled businessman penned a letter, purportedly from his business partner’s wife, in which she described her husband as someone who ‘engages in adultery, deception, taxation fraud and is a confidence trickster’ who could be ‘compared to the worst, most infectious, bacterial parasite which can only be found at the bottom of the most unhygienic sewage scum swamp’.
The man sent the letter to at least one South Australian winery and pleaded guilty to criminal defamation.
In 2001, a quadriplegic woman and her mother were charged with six counts of criminal defamation after they allegedly posted notices accusing townsfolk of perjuring themselves in her compensation claim against the local council and its swimming pool operators (Quadriplegic case, 2001). Police later dropped the charges.
Horse racing identities Robert and William Waterhouse prosecuted the producer and reporter of an ABC Four Corners program. The NSW Director of Public Prosecutions eventually stepped in to prevent the defamation prosecutions from proceeding because the defence of qualified privilege was going to be available (Waterhouse case, 1988).
The most famous instance in Australia was the politically motivated prosecution of leftist author Frank Hardy for criminal libel over his volcanic first novel Power Without Glory in August 1950, which he successfully defended.
Sadly, criminal defamation and seditious libel have often been used as political weapons against opposition groups and the media in many small Commonwealth countries.
For media law geeks, the Queensland legislation reads as follows:
CRIMINAL CODE 1899 – SECT 365
Criminal defamation
365 Criminal defamation
(1) Any person who, without lawful excuse, publishes matter defamatory of another living person (the
“relevant person” )—
(a) knowing the matter to be false or without having regard to whether the matter is true or false; and
(b) intending to cause serious harm to the relevant person or any other person or without having regard to whether serious harm to the relevant person or any other person is caused;
commits a misdemeanour.
Maximum penalty—3 years imprisonment.
(2) In a proceeding for an offence defined in this section, the accused person has a lawful excuse for the publication of defamatory matter about the relevant person if, and only if, subsection (3) applies.
(3) This subsection applies if the accused person would, having regard only to the circumstances happening before or at the time of the publication, have had a relevant defencefor the publication if the relevant person had brought civil proceedings for defamation against the accused person.
(4) The prosecution has the burden of negativing the existence of a lawful excuse if, and only if, evidence directed to establishing the excuse is first adduced by or on behalf of the accused person.
(5) Whether the matter complained of is capable of bearing a defamatory meaning is a question of law.
(6) Whether the matter complained of does bear a defamatory meaning is a question of fact.
(7) A person can not be prosecuted for an offence defined in this section without the consent of the director of public prosecutions.
(8) In this section—
“defamatory” has the meaning that it has in the law of tort (as modified by the Defamation Act 2005 ) relating to defamation.
“modified statutory defence of justification” means the defence stated in the Defamation Act 2005 , section 25 as if that section provided that it is a defence to the publication of defamatory matter if the defendant proves that—
(a) the defamatory imputations carried by the matter of which the relevant person complains are substantially true; and
(b) it was for the public benefit that the publication should be made.
“publish” has the meaning that it has in the law of tort (as modified by the Defamation Act 2005 ) relating to defamation.
“relevant defence” means—
(a) a defence available under the Defamation Act 2005 other than—
(i) the statutory defence of justification; or
(ii) the statutory defence of failure to accept reasonable offer; or
(b) the modified statutory defence of justification; or
(c) a defence available other than under the Defamation Act 2005 , including under the general law.
“statutory defence of failure to accept reasonable offer” means the defence stated in the Defamation Act 2005 , section 18 (1) .
“statutory defence of justification” means the defence stated in the Defamation Act 2005 , section 25 .
© Mark Pearson 2019
Filed under defamation, free expression, journalism, media law, Media regulation
Tagged as Australian media, criminal defamation, criminal libel, defamation, defamation defences, free expression, journalism, Journalist's guide to media law, justification, law, mark pearson, media, media law, truth
Building mindfulness into the online media law curriculum
Our Arts Education and Law group at Griffith University held a learning and teaching symposium on the Gold Coast this week.
I was invited to speak on my incorporation of mindfulness into the curriculum and pedagogy, and to explain how I have been using a single course site to service on-campus and online students in a single cohort.
Here is a PDF file of my presentation for educators and students who might be interested in the approach.
Filed under free expression, journalism, journalism education, media ethics, Media freedom, media law, Media regulation, mindful journalism, online education, reflective practice, social media
Tagged as free expression, freedom to communicate, journalism, Journalist's guide to media law, law, mark pearson, media, media law, meditation, mindful journalism, mindful teaching, mindfulness, mindfulness pedagogy, reflective practice
Introducing a mindful approach to media law education
I spoke last week at the Professional Futures Conference at the Queensland Conservatorium, Griffith University, on my approach to using mindfulness in media law classes.
The abstract for the presentation explained the topic:
Mindfulness can be defined and adopted in many ways in the teaching of media law. This paper outlines the basic principles and explains the likely benefits for participants in learning, teaching and research, detailing some of the key research underpinning the field and offering some examples of its application in media law. The author explains his applications of mindful reflective practice in both his leading media law textbook and in his media law course, which offers the potential to strengthen graduates’ resilience, deepen their learning, and shore up their moral compasses as they enter occupations where their work can expose them to trauma and the industry disruption can subject them to stress, burnout and other mental health challenges.
For those interested, I reproduce the slides from the presentation here:
It’s here – our sixth edition ready for the 2019 academic year
An advance copy of the sixth edition of The Journalist’s Guide to Media Law (Allen & Unwin, 2019) which I co-author with Mark Polden just arrived in my letter box, ready for the 2019 academic year.
The new edition has had major revisions. Some highlights of important new content covered in the sixth edition include:
consideration of several recent High Court decisions impacting on free expression, publication and media law defences
legal implications of ‘fake’ or false news
a new table summarising the mindful approach to media law practice, mapping situations against approaches
major criminal cases challenging the boundaries of open justice, including those involving high profile church figures and celebrities
new case studies in navigating crime reporting with a focus on the Yahoo!7 story that prompted the discharge of a jury in a murder trial
significant developments in defamation law, including record damages awards to actor Rebel Wilson (reduced after appeal) and barrister Lloyd Rayney
important new research showing that many more defamation actions are being brought by private individuals over internet and social media publications, as distinct from celebrities suing the media
examination of publisher liability for the comments of third parties in the wake of several new cases, with some holding publishers responsible
an update on confidentiality of sources, including some new breach of confidence actions and some cases testing the limits of new shield laws for journalists
a review of the suite of new anti-terrorism laws impacting the media’s reporting of crime and national security and jeopardising the confidentiality of their sources
key new intellectual property cases that have shed light on the media’s use of material sourced from the internet and social media
significant cases showing the rapidly developing body of privacy law in the digital era
new material in the law of freelancing, public relations and new media entrepreneurship showing the growing legal risks and responsibilities at the business end of communication practice.
There is also an increased emphasis on the higher pressure and pace of the 24/7 news cycle across a range of media, exacerbating the risks to communicators and publishers through their own work and the contributions of third-party commenters on their social media feeds and sites.
Like earlier editions, the book aims to give professional communicators and students a basic working understanding of the key areas of media law and ethical regulation likely to affect them in their research, writing and publishing across media platforms. It tries to do this by introducing the basic legal concepts while exploring the ways in which a professional communicator’s work practices can be adapted to withstand legal challenges.
As the publisher’s promo states:
A practical guide for journalists, public relations and marketing professionals, bloggers and social media experts to staying on the right side of the law.
We are all journalists and publishers now: at the touch of a button we can send our words, sounds and images out to the world. No matter whether you’re a traditional journalist, a blogger, a public relations practitioner or a social media editor, everything you publish or broadcast is subject to the law. But which law?
This widely used practical guide to communication law is essential reading for anyone who writes or broadcasts professionally, whether in journalism or strategic communication. It offers a mindful approach to assessing media law risks so practitioners can navigate legal and ethical barriers to publishing in mainstream and social media.
This sixth edition has been substantially revised to reflect recent developments in litigation, and the impact of national security laws and the rising gig economy where graduates might work in the news media, PR, new media start-ups, or as freelancers. It covers defamation, contempt, confidentiality, privacy, trespass, intellectual property, and ethical regulation, as well as the special challenges of commenting on criminal allegations and trials. Recent cases and examples from social media, journalism and public relations are used to illustrate key points and new developments.
Whether you work in a news room, in public relations or marketing, or blog from home, make sure you have The Journalist’s Guide to Media Law at your side.
‘Whether you’re an MSM editor or reporter, a blogger, a tweeter or a personal brand, this book might save your bacon.’ – Jonathan Holmes, former ABC Media Watch host
‘The leading text book from which most journos learned their law’ – Margaret Simons, associate professor in journalism, Monash University
If you wish to request a copy for course inspection or media review please contact the publisher, Allen & Unwin, who should soon have printed copies available.
Filed under citizen journalism, contempt of court, free expression, journalism, journalism education, media ethics, Media freedom, media law, Media regulation, mindful journalism, online education, reflective practice, social media, sub judice
Tagged as Australian media, free expression, freedom to communicate, gags, high court, journalism, Journalist's guide to media law, law, local government, mark pearson, media, media law, press freedom
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Panda Accused of Faking Pregnancy To Get Better Food, Air Conditioning
Expectant pandas are moved to air-conditioned rooms and showered with more buns, fruit and bamboo.
By Dominique Mosbergen – News Editor, The Huffington Post – Posted: 07/30/2015 12:57 AM EDT | Edited: 07/31/2015 02:07 PM EDT
Pandas Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, names together mean "reunion", eat bamboo at a panda base in Ya’an, southwest China’s Sichuan province, Thursday, Dec. 11, 2008. A few weeks after this photo was taken, the duo were moved to Taiwan. (Associated Press)
Keepers at the Taipei Zoo were excited. Resident giant panda Yuan Yuan was exhibiting signs of pregnancy — an all-too-elusive event among captive pandas.
There were tell-tale symptoms, like a loss of appetite and a thickening of the uterus. Yuan Yuan’s fecal progesterone concentration was also on the rise.
Yet despite these promising signs, the panda’s pregnancy was a false alarm.
According to China’s Southern Metropolis Daily, ultrasound scans determined that Yuan Yuan, who was artificially inseminated earlier this year, was not pregnant. Now the panda is being accused of faking the pregnancy as a way of getting her caretakers to shower her with better food and care.
Pregnant pandas are typically treated like queens. As China Daily notes, the expectant bears are moved into “single rooms with air conditioning” and given “round-the-clock care.” They receive more buns, fruit and bamboo as well.
Panda experts have speculated that Yuan Yuan, who gave birth to a cub in 2013, may have been feigning pregnancy to reap these added benefits.
Taiwan’s panda cub Yuan Zai, right, and her mother Yuan Yuan enjoy Yuan Zai’s first birthday cake at the Taipei Zoo in Taipei, Taiwan, Sunday, July 6, 2014. (Associated Press)
Last year, another female panda named Ai Hin was accused of trying to pull the same trick. The panda, who lives at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, exhibited pregnancy symptoms for two months before experts determined that she didn’t actually have a cub in the oven.
“After showing prenatal signs, the [panda] ‘mothers-to-be’ are [pampered],” Wu Kongju, an expert at the Chengdu Research Base, told CNN last year. “So some clever pandas have used this to their advantage to improve their quality of life.”
Other panda experts disagree with these accusations.
Zhang Heming, director of the China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda, told the Guardian last year that pseudo-pregnancies are actually fairly common in the panda world. He attributed the pandas’ behavior to "more of a hormonal issue than a deliberate ruse."
"This phenomenon occurs in 10 to 20 percent of pandas," he said. "After the mother panda is inseminated, if her health isn’t so good, the pregnancy will terminate, but she’ll still behave as if she’s pregnant."
According to a 2010 LiveScience report, scientists "don’t know why pseudo-pregnancies happen, or if they have evolved for an evolutionary purpose."
"In a sense there’s no answer, but there is speculation that perhaps pandas’ bodies just rehearse pregnancy all the time," Lisa Stevens, curator of primates and pandas at Smithsonian’s National Zoo, told the news outlet.
Also on HuffPost:
Alamy AK58HY Giant Panda Cub Kin Cheung/AP One of the one month old Panda triples receives a body check at the Chimelong Safari Park in Guangzhou in south China’s Guangdong province Thursday, Aug. 28, 2014. China announced the birth of extremely rare panda triplets in a further success for the country’s artificial breeding program. The three cubs were born July 29 in the southern city of Guangzhou. (AP Photo/Kin Cheung) Pablo Martinez Monsivais/AP Panda cub Bao Bao hangs from a tree in her habitat at the National Zoo in Washington, Saturday, Aug. 23, 2014. Today marks her first birthday and the zoo is marking the event with a traditional ‘Zhuazhou’ ceremony, a Chinese birthday tradition symbolizing long life to mark the event. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais) Getty Images
YA’AN, CHINA – JUNE 29: A giant panda climbs onto a platform at the panda research base on June 29, 2015 in Ya’an, China. China’s Sichuan province is home to the majority of the the world’s nearly 1,900 endangered giant pandas. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)
leungchopan panda eating bamboo
Alamy AJC9T9 - ASSOCIATED PRESS
A woman poses for photographers with the part of the 1,600 paper pandas, created by French artist Paulo Grangeon, in front of the Sultan Abdul Samad Building during the month-long "1600 Pandas World Tour" in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Sunday, Dec. 21, 2014. (AP Photo/Lai Seng Sin) ABA PREFECTURE, CHINA – JULY 05: (CHINA OUT) Aerial view of people, wearing panda costumes with mahjong tiles, playing mahjong during a mahjong competition at a theme park in Jiuzhai Village on July 5, 2015 in Aba Perfecture, Sichuan Province of China. Over one hundred people wearing panda costumes with mahjong tiles played on a one hundred-square-meter mahjong table during a mahjong competition. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images)
CHENGDU, CHINA – JUNE 30: Giants pandas pause from eating bamboo in an enclosure at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding on June 30, 2015 in Chengdu, China. Twin female cubs were born by artificial insemination to seven-year-old Kelin at the center on June 22. China’s Sichuan province is home to the majority of the the world’s nearly 1,900 endangered giant pandas. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)
Smartest Dog In the World, Chaser – 60 Minutes With Anderson Cooper
Quebec bill changes animals from "property" to sentient beings and includes jail time for cruelty
Spanish town gives pets equal rights as citizens
China, Korea, South East Asia: Stop Cooking Dogs, Any Animals, Alive
August 1, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | animal behavior, Animal or Pet Related Stories, animals, Dogs, Just One More Pet, Pets, Stop Animal Cruelty, Stop Euthenization, Unusual Stories, We Are All God's Creatures | animal intelligence, animals, Bears, China, JOMP, Panda Club, pandas, rewards, Stop Animal Cruelty, Taipei, Taiwan | Leave a comment
By Marion Algier – Just One More Pet (JOMP) – Cross-Posted at AskMarion
Anderson Cooper met Chaser, a dog who can identify over a thousand toys, and because of whom, scientists are now studying the brain of man’s best friend. Chaser is also the subject of a book: Chaser: Unlocking the Genius of the Dog Who Knows a Thousand Words.
Man and dog have lived together for 15,000 years and there are now more than 80 million dogs in the United States, more dogs than children, yet we know very little about man’s best friend.
Did you know that when your dog(s) stare at you, they are hugging you with their eyes?!?
Video: 60 Minutes October 5, 2014 – Anderson Cooper- Chaser – Smart Dog Segment
Video: The Dog Who Knows 1,000 Words | CUTE ANIMALS (Episode 5)
And, there’s even more to smart dogs than what ’60 Minutes’ and Chaser showed you says Arlene Weintraub, author of – Heal: The Vital Role of Dogs in the Search for Cancer Cures.
The hit CBS CBS -0.48% newsmagazine 60 Minutes just re-ran what was no doubt one of its most popular segments of recent years, “The Smartest Dog in the World,” featuring Chaser, the border collie who learned more than 1,000 words and names. As shown in the segment, Chaser accomplished that incredible feat because her owner, retired psychology professor John Pilley, spent five hours a day, five days a week training the white-and-black spotted pooch to associate certain words with objects such as toys.
As a result, Chaser ended up with a vocabulary three times greater than that of the average toddler. It’s impressive, to be sure, especially since very little was known about the power of the canine brain until quite recently, as correspondent Anderson Cooper pointed out at the top of the piece.
Over the last two decades, however, the scientific community has started to delve more deeply into canine intelligence, unlocking the clues to what’s happening in their brains that makes dogs so seemingly human. Here are some of the latest insights:
Dogs aren’t just learning tricks when you train them—they’re actually getting smarter.
Not everyone can spare the time that Pilley took to train his dog to recognize so many words, but science has proven that, in fact, dogs that stay mentally engaged do get smarter.
For example, researchers at the University of Milan recently took a group of 110 dogs, half of whom had little or no training in obedience or any other skill, and the other half who had extremely sophisticated levels of schooling, in agility, search-and-rescue, and the like. All of the dogs were then challenged to find food that had been hidden—but only after they were shown how the treats would be hidden and what they would have to do to uncover them.
As dog psychology expert and author Stanley Coren reported on the Psychology Today blog, it was clear that the dogs in the trial who had spent a lot of time training to do challenging tasks had gained a leg up on the intelligence scale: Only 30% of the untrained dogs found the hidden food, while 61% of the trained dogs successfully completed the task—even though their previous training didn’t prepare them for this particular test.
The scientists concluded that the trained dogs had acquired a “’learning to learn’ ability” that is otherwise absent in the average dog.
Studies show that dogs trained in complex tasks like agility gain intelligence (Credit: TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)
That insight jives with what one of the scientists featured in the 60 Minutes piece, Brian Hare, pointed out. “What’s special is that [Pilley] spent so much time playing these games to help her learn words, but are there lots of Chasers out there?” said Hare, an evolutionary anthropologist at Duke University during the piece. “Absolutely.”
In other words, any mutt can probably be as good as Chaser—if his or her owner is willing to put in the hours.
Dogs can smell cancer and other things we can’t because of how their brains are structured.
It’s long been known that dogs’ noses are extremely sensitive—a virtue that has made them indispensable as search-and-rescue aides for centuries. But only recently have scientists begun to unlock the mysteries behind how dogs can pick up and follow scents that no one else can.
What they’ve learned is that dogs have 200 million olfactory receptors (ORs), or proteins on the neurons inside their snouts that send signals to their brains, allowing them to process smells. We human have only five million ORs. Dogs’ nostrils are structured so intricately that they can detect odors at such miniscule levels as parts per trillion, and many experts believe the proportion of the dog’s brain that’s dedicated to analyzing those scents is 40 times larger than that of humans. That makes the dog’s ability to recognize particular odors one million times better than that of people.
Dogs’ noses are now being put to use beyond the realm of search-and-rescue. In the medical world, service dogs are being trained to help people with diabetes recognize when their blood sugar is dropping to dangerous levels. And much attention has been paid recently to reports that dogs can sniff cancer.
The notion that dogs might be able to detect cancer first emerged about 25 years ago, when the British medical journal The Lancet published a five-paragraph letter in which two doctors in London described the case of a forty-four-year-old woman, who came into their clinic with a lesion on her left thigh. She told them her Doberman–border collie mix was constantly sniffing a mole on her leg, and one day when she was wearing shorts, her dog tried to bite the mole off entirely. Turned out that mole was a malignant melanoma—and the dog saved his owner’s life, because the tumor was so small at that point the cancer could be cured.
Since then, dog-loving scientists all over the world have trained and then tested hundreds of dogs to prove they can smell cancer. The results are sometimes astounding: In a 2012 trial, sniffer dogs were able to identify the scent of lung cancer about 90% of the time, even when the scientists tried to confuse them with samples from patients with non-cancerous conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Dogs have also been successfully trained to detect ovarian, breast, bladder, and colorectal cancer. Multiple efforts are now underway to translate the dog’s nose into automated breathalyzer-like devices that may be able to detect cancer early.
Dogs are wired for empathy in ways that many other species are not.
During the 60 Minutes story we heard a lot about oxytocin, commonly called “the love hormone.” This is a hormone, made in the brains of both dogs and people, that promotes the bonding between mothers and their babies, for example, and makes us feel good when we hug a loved one. Turns out when dogs make eye contact with their people or jump in their laps, both dogs and the recipients of their affection get more of an oxytocin rush.
But are dogs empathetic? Do they feel our emotional pain and joy? Several studies suggest they do. For example, in 2013, a group of Japanese researchers showed that the phenomenon of contagious yawning—long believed to be a sign of empathy—does not just happen among people. The scientists observed 25 dogs yawning in response to the yawns of both their owners and those of people they did not know. They measured the dogs’ heart rate to show that their yawning was not caused by stress (as many dog trainers believe it is).
Dogs may also be empathetic because in addition to sharing the love hormone with their humans, they share the stress hormone, called cortisol. Last fall, researchers in New Zealand took 75 dogs and 74 people and played the same sounds for both groups: a baby crying, a baby babbling and white noise. When they heard the crying baby, both people and dogs showed an increase in cortisol. The dogs’ behavior changed, too, as they became more submissive and alert. The researchers concluded that the dogs were showing “emotional contagion,” a basic form of empathy. What’s more, the empathy crossed species—a rare occurrence, they suggested.
‘Dogs Have The Intelligence of a Human Toddler’ and bottom line, your dog is probably just as smart as Chaser, both intellectually and emotionally. I know mine are! You just might need to do a bit of work to uncover that intelligence. Age, breed and owner or trainer involvement are all factors.
A Quebec bill has changed animals from “property” to sentient beings and includes jail time for cruelty in Canada. Let us hope that the United States and the rest of the world will not be far behind. Especially with daily headlines like these: China, Korea, South East Asia: Stop Cooking Dogs, Any Animals, Alive; Weasel of the Weak –> The Monster Who Tortured And Abused This Dog, Teen Who Killed Kitten Only Had to Serve One Year in Prison, Buried Alive Because She Was A Nuisance This Stray Dog Has Become An Inspiration and Copycat Dog Muzzle Duct Taping Crime?. Even livestock who are ultimately slated to end up on our dinner tables deserve human treatment throughout their lives!
Hopefully, WE, human animals are finally realizing that all animals have value and deserve fair and better treatment, beginning with domesticated animals that we share our lives with. To whom much is given, much is expected! And because we are the most intelligent animals with the largest brain, at least on our planet, we must be much better than we are!
June 15, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | Animal or Pet Related Stories, Animal Related Education, animals, Dogs, If Animlas Could Talk..., Just One More Pet, Man's Best Friend, Pets, Stop Animal Cruelty, Stop Euthenization, Unusual Stories, We Are All God's Creatures | 60 Minutes, Anderson Cooper, Border-Collie, CBS, Dog Intgelligence, Dog Research, JOMP, Smartest Dog | 2 Comments
There is not justification for this… NONE! Not culture, not hunger, not anything!!
No animal should be cooked alive!
By Marion Algier – JOMP
Lisa Mason - Lima, OH
I love dogs. I hate any animal abuse. I just saw a picture of a dog being boiled alive. The fear and pain in his eyes was the worst thing I have ever seen. It made me cry and feel sick. I do not think dogs should be eaten, and they must not suffer such a slow painful death! I have been unable to get the picture of this poor dog out of my mind. I was told by the person who sent this picture they also saw a video. I have since googled Chinese and Koreans eating dogs and lots of pictures came up I did not look at. We must not buy things for our dogs from any country that does these things to its own dogs, maybe that will make them change their practices. Also when they care so little for dogs do they make a safe product? I see many postings on recalls or products that should have recalls because dogs got ill or died from products made in China.
Letter to:
Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China in the United States Chinese Ambasador to the United States Mr. Zhang Yesui
South Korean Embassy South Korean Ambasador to the United States Choi Young-jin
Stop cooking dogs alive! I understand this is a different culture. And you may choose to eat things others would not, even our country has people that eat animals. But they must be treated humanely when raised and killed quickly. I would prefer a law banning eating dogs, but if this cannot be changed it MUST be illegal to skin or cook them alive. Our country of course does not make your laws, but we do import your products, and if people are aware of this issue, they can refuse to buy your products. It is my hope this petition will raise awareness that this occurs, and put economic pressure on your government to stop this. In a country where dogs are considered members of our families, how can we trust dog treats and other products made in a country with such disregard for canine suffering, to have enough quality control, that they are safe for us to spend our money on and give to our canine family members and friends, who help society in many ways by working with police, armed forces, handicapped, the ill, and dying? I will be sending a copy of this petition to companies that put theses products on our shelves.
See updates and comments HERE
Dog Meat in Chinese Restaurants
Voiceless Friends… Stop the Dog Meat Trade
Dogs slaughtered for meat in Vietnam… Stop the Dog Meat Trade
STOP KILLING DOGS! 2 million dogs killed in Horrible ways every Year in South Korea
Olympic Clean-up Chinese Style: Beijings Shocking Cat Death Camps
Dog found hanging from meat hook
Dog Meat In Beijing Ordered Off Menu For Olympics
The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. -Mahatma Gandhi
When you look at our shelter system, we don’t do a very good job ourselves… but China (Asia)’s record is abhorrent!
June 13, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | animal abuse, Animal or Pet Related Stories, animals, Dogs, Dogs, If Animlas Could Talk..., Just One More Pet, Man's Best Friend, Pets, Political Change, Stop Animal Cruelty, We Are All God's Creatures | abuse, animal cruelty, Asia, Barbarians, China, cruelty, Dog & Cat Meat, JOMP, Korea, South East Asia, Torture | 3 Comments
American Pharoah Ends Triple Crown Drought
The Sport of Kings has its day after a 37 year drought. As with most debates involving sports, there are varying reasons for the absence of a Triple Crown champion over the past 37 years. It has as much to do with bank accounts as bloodlines, yet trying to pinpoint the main reason is as elusive as the achievement itself.
NEW YORK (AP) — By mid-stretch, Bob Baffert said he knew it. American Pharoah was going to win the Triple Crown.
He took his eyes off the horse to soak in the crazed scene of the packed grandstand. Fans jumped up and down, hugged, and tossed drinks in the air.
The race wasn’t even over yet, but the crowd knew it, too. Thirty-seven years of waiting to see one of the rarest feats in sports was almost over.
"The crowd was just thundering and I was just enjoying the crowd and the noise and everything happening," the white-haired trainer said. "What a feeling."
Finally, a Triple Crown winner. And this one was never in doubt.
American Pharoah led all the way to win the Belmont Stakes by 5 lengths on Saturday, becoming the first horse since 1978 to sweep the Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Belmont Stakes — one of the sporting world’s rarest feats.
"Wow! Wow!" jockey Victor Espinoza (age 43) said moments after crossing the finish line. "I can only tell you it is just an amazing thing."
The bay colt with the unusually short tail, chewed of by another horse, easily defeated seven rivals in the grueling 1 1/2-mile race, covering the distance in 2:26.65 — sixth-fastest in Belmont history — to end the longest stretch without a Triple Crown champion in history.
"That little horse, he deserved it," said Baffert, who at 62 is the second-oldest trainer of a Triple Crown winner. "He’s the one that did it. We were basically just passengers."
American Pharoah is the 12th horse and first since Affirmed in 1978 to win three races on different tracks at varying distances over a five-week span. He won the Derby by one length on May 2 and then romped to a seven-length victory in the rainy Preakness two weeks later before demolishing his rivals Saturday.
Baffert and Espinoza ended their own frustrating histories in the Triple Crown. Baffert finally won on his record fourth Triple try, having lost in 1997, 1998 (by a nose) and in 2002. Espinoza got it done with his record third shot after failing to win in 2002 and last year on California Chrome.
"I was prepared for somebody coming because I’ve been through this so many times," Baffert said.
Nobody did.
Espinoza hustled American Pharoah to the lead leaving the No. 5 post and quickly got him over to the rail. Materiality was on his outside in second, but never applied any serious pressure traveling along the backstretch before falling away on the second turn.
American Pharoah started kicking away heading into the final turn. He opened up on the field as he powered through the 1,097-yard stretch, displaying his fluid, springloaded stride in which he appears to float over the ground.
"It’s just an amazing feeling that you have when you’re 20 yards from the wire," Espinoza said. "And then at the wire I was like, `I cannot believe I did it.’"
American Pharoah ran the final quarter-mile — a stretch that has dashed numerous Triple Crown dreams — in 24.32 seconds, faster than Secretariat’s time of 25 seconds in winning the 1973 Belmont.
"That’s a hell of a horse," said jockey Gary Stevens (age 52), who finished seventh aboard Tale of Verve. "The race was over in the third jump from the gate."
After making his way back to the crowd, Espinoza took American Pharoah nearly the length of the sprawling grandstand so fans could pay their respects to the champion.
As the horses were heading to the starting gate, owner Ahmed Zayat was overflowing with confidence and turned to his wife.
"I told her, `Get ready to be the owner of the 12th Triple Crown winner,’" he said.
Baffert felt equally good, sensing American Pharoah was on the verge of a winning performance when he saddled the horse in the shady paddock.
American Pharoah is the first Triple Crown winner in 37 years, but his biggest payday won’t be on a race track. It will be in stud fees.
Prior to the Belmont, when he just had Kentucky Derby and Preakness wins, it was estimated that he would collect $60,000 to $75,000 per foal, so that kind of stud money means most successful racing careers are short.
California Chrome, who won the Derby and Preakness last year, hasn’t been put out to stud yet since his blood lines aren’t as prestigious. His stud fee is probably in the the neighborhood of $25,000.
So his owners decided to race him for another year. He went to the Dubai World Cup where he placed second, scoring another $2 million in winnings.
It’s amazing to think that Secretariat’s Belmont time would’ve beaten American Pharoah by 15 lengths.
There Will Never Be Another Secretariat: Thank you, Miss Penny
American Pharoah’s jockey earns peanuts compared to other sports
June 7, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | animal behavior, Animal or Pet Related Stories, animals, Just One More Pet, Pet Events | Ahmed Zayat, American Pharoah, Belmont, Bob Baffert, California Chrome, Champions, horse racing, horses, JOMP, Secretariat, Sports, Triple Crown, Victor Espinoza | Leave a comment
Unusual Rescue, Dog Found In a Tree
In the midst of the tons of debris and rubble, strewn across the landscape, a rescuer spotted an unusual sight: a dog in a tree. Certainly not something you see everyday!
The Texas A&M Veterinary Emergency Team sprang into action, saving Maggie, a yellow Labrador belonging to the McComb family, in the Sunday rescue operation on the banks of the Blanco River. Maggie is now staying with relatives as the fate of the rest of the family is still uncertain.
May 28, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | Animal or Pet Related Stories, Animal Rescues, Dogs, Dogs, Just One More Pet, Man's Best Friend, Pets | JOMP, Labrador, pet news, Texas | Leave a comment
Unusual Friends
Big Dog and Calf are virtually same size and new best friends
March 21, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | Animal and Pet Photos, animal behavior, Animal Cuteness, animals, Dogs, Dogs, Pet Friendship and Love, We Are All God's Creatures | animal friendship, Big Dogs, calf, cute, cute animal photos, friendship, JOMP, pet friendship | 1 Comment
Good Dog: Small Dog, Big Heart
Illustration by John Cuneo
by Wells Tower – June/July 2014 – Garden & Gun – Cross-Posted at Just One More Pet
The nervous work of owning—and finally loving—a Chihuahua
For many years, I thought that owners of small dogs harbored stunted souls. Parents of infant beauty queens. Weird bachelors with pet stairs by their beds. Adult hoarders of dolls and teddy bears. People deranged by an obsession with the adorable.
Then, in my late twenties, when I was living in New Orleans, a good friend of mine found a bedraggled Chihuahua in a ditch and brought her home. It was a comical, toothless animal with a bullfrog’s tongue that would slap her in the eye on the recoil. That dog had a lot of ditch trauma to work through. She needed to sit on somebody at all times or she got the shakes. I was home most days, so I let the dog make use of my lap during business hours. When I moved back to North Carolina, I was surprised to discover a Chihuahua-size hole in my life.
So I started looking for a dog. I knew I wanted a pound animal, though not for any lofty moral reasons. I wanted a desperate dog, one without high expectations of whoever took it in. My family had dogs when I was a kid. The bunch of us should be arrested for how we let those animals down. They were outdoor dogs too disgusting to pet. We let ticks get on them and grow as big as minié balls. When the family went out of town, we’d leave the dog on the porch with a bag of cheap food. Eventually, they’d get sick of us and wander off. So my track record with dogs wasn’t the greatest, but I figured one otherwise bound for the gas chamber couldn’t really gripe about winding up in my care.
I spent long hours at the keyboard, browsing head shots at an online clearinghouse for discarded dogs. A Chihuahua was what I was after, but I didn’t want it to be too grotesque: too bug-eyed or hog-snouted or bat-eared or obviously rodentlike. Looking for an ungrotesque Chihuahua is like trying to find a dignified clown. It took a good bit of time.
At last, I found a candidate. The head shot showed a creature with a long, aristocratic nose and smart, Dobermanly ears. Her eyes were large but not hyperthyroidal. They seemed to reflect intelligence but also the right measure of desperation. She was waiting on death row at the dog pound in Winston-Salem, ninety minutes from my home. I gave them a call to see if the dog had yet been gassed. “Nope, she’s still here!” an exhaustingly jolly Southern voice exclaimed.
“Oh, you will just love this crazy little creature. We call her Tinsy, but you could call her Teensy-Meensy-Weensy-Eensy! She is that small! She’s one of them little reindeer dogs, you know. She’s just always bouncing all around on them little teensy reindeer legs. She is kinda licky and kinda barky but she’s a funny little ball of fun.”
I was in the market for a lap sleeper, a hot-water bottle in canine form. From the sound of it, this reindeer dog embodied much that is dislikable in the miniature breeds. But I had committed to paying the dog a visit, and I make it a point never to betray a promise to the incarcerated. I went and had a look. The lady I talked to on the phone dragged Tinsy out from where she’d been hiding behind a file cabinet. Tinsy, who was maybe a year old, had been found walking the streets of Winston-Salem naked. Like most women found in this condition, she was not in the greatest shape. She resembled a dog the way those caiman-head back scratchers resemble an alligator. Her face was okay, but the rest of her body was a bony rod upholstered in bald gray skin. I had seen rats with prettier tails. Hers was without a whisker and looked as though it had been set afire and extinguished under the needle of a sewing machine.
“You wanna hold her?” the shelter lady asked me, wagging Tinsy at me like a dishrag. I did not want to hold Tinsy. I wanted to leave the room. But Tinsy was thrust into my arms. This dog had long, scraggly talons, and she clung to my sweater like a bat to a screen door. I grimaced. The dog grimaced. “That’s a wrap!” cried the shelter lady. “That is your dog. She is absolutely your dog.”
I wanted to tell this woman that I wanted Tinsy like I wanted a case of shingles, but courage failed me. I wrote a check for the adoption fee. Then I carried the dog to my car and began calling every softhearted person I knew to see if they would take this creature off my hands.
At home, I took to my couch and fretted. What business did I have with a dog? I traveled for work eight months out of the year. And this dog? I didn’t want to look at her much less look after her for the twenty years Chihuahuas can expect to live. (The oldest living Chihuahua is 32+). Then the dog, who had been busy peeing on my bedroom floor, wandered over. She tilted her head at a sympathetic angle, then she jumped onto the sofa and clambered onto my shoulder, where she pulled herself into a sphere and went snortingly to sleep.
How easily we are gentled. The plan to ditch her got ditched. I started calling her Edie, whose vowel sounds she hearkened to as she had her prison name. I loaded her up on ludicrously expensive foods: Alaskan salmon, mutton jerky from New Zealand. She doubled her weight, from two pounds to four. I put her through expensive mange treatments, fed her fish oil, greased her in vitamin E to regrow her hair. After a couple of seasons, she fluffed out and the knobs of her spine receded. She began to look less like a back scratcher and more, as a friend described her, “like a cross between a wolf and a flea.”
“No man should have a dog like that,” my cousin once said to me. “We’re not careful enough. You could drop the Sunday paper on her and break her back. It’s like getting a crystal set. No guy should have a thing that fragile in the house.”
And it’s true. Owning Edie is nervous work. A few years back, I nearly lost her. Summoned from the house by the sound of raving crows, I went out to check on Edie in the yard. She was absent from her usual sunbathing spot. In the lower corner of the lawn, I saw a barred owl, spreading its wings over a small, still gray form. Edie was too heavy a piece of live cargo for the owl, so the bird was patiently trying to murder her. I nearly had to kick the bird off of her. A talon had made three bloody divots in Edie’s head, but no lasting damage was done.
At nearly twelve, Edie is deep in middle age and, repairwise, is not much less expensive than a ’55 Studebaker. I’ve put far more money into her mouth than I’ve put into my own. Before I got Edie, I’d have said that a fair definition of an insane person is somebody who takes out a thirty-three-hundred-dollar cash advance to pay for exploratory liver surgery for a dog. I did that three years ago. But when you get accustomed, every night, to a warm gentle presence stretching herself across your clavicle and easing you into sleep, it becomes as dire a habit as barbiturate abuse. Addicts do crazy things to keep withdrawal at bay.
It’s weird. One day, you’re a twenty-eight-year-old man of traditional tastes and accoutrements and the next, you’re a forty-year-old bachelor with a four-pound, big-eyed, molting pussy willow of a dog.
Still, I do what I can to keep the grotesquerie contained. When people ask what kind of dog I have, I tell them, “I don’t know, I got her from the pound.” I do not carry Edie around in a Snugli. I have never bought the dog shoes or a hat. I would like to tell you that my home contains no doggie sweaters, and that there are not dog stairs by my bed, but this would not be true.
For those of us who love small dogs… Chihuahuas, Chihuahua Mixes, and miniatures of any type, we know that they are great pets and are always happy when just one more person discovers how special they are or another person or family adopts must one more small dog… just one more pet of any kind. Every pet deserves a good home! (JOMP)
“For the Love of a Pet”
Our gang of Chihuahuas and Chiweenies (JOMP)
Photo by The UCLA Shutterbug
February 27, 2015 Posted by justonemorepet | Adopt Just One More Pet, Animal or Pet Related Stories, Chihuahua, Chiweenie, Dogs, Fostering and Rescue, Just One More Pet, Pet Friendship and Love, Pets | Chihuahaus, Chihuahua Mixes, Chiweenies, Designer Dogs, for the love a pet, for the love of a dog, JOMP, Love, rescue a pet, shelter dogs, small dogs | Leave a comment
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By John Carvalho
Curriculum Vitae / Resume
The Sports Magazine Years
June 26, 2015 / johncarvalho56
My past caught up with me. But in a good way.
A former student provided a link to back issues of SportsFocus and Second Look (now Sports Spectrum), two versions of the same magazine that I edited in two stints between 1984 and 1989.
The former student, Sarah Layne, now works for Sports Spectrum as director of partnerships, helping to keep this magazine going. So of course, I’m indebted to her — both for alerting me to these links and for helping to continue the magazine we started 31 years ago.
For those of you interested in finding out more about Sports Spectrum and subscribing or supporting their good work, click on the magazine name for more info. You can also see all of their available back issues, for all three titles, here.
It’s fun to look at the links and see the athletes profiled — not only because these are some of the top athletes of the 1980s, but also as an implied “where are they now?” In some cases we know and in some cases we don’t know.
Check out the publications where I gained the experience that I apply in my classes as an associate professor of journalism at Auburn. Not all are listed here, but a few that I worked on and wrote for. The athletes are listed according to where they were at the time of the article.
SportsFocus, Volume 1, Issue 1
Julius Erving, Philadelphia 76ers
Dan Quisenberry, Kansas City Royals
Wayman Tisdale, University of Oklahoma
Willie Gault, Chicago Bears
Cheryl Miller, USC
Alberto Salazar, U.S. Olympic team
Pete Maravich
The above, unfortunately, is the only issue of SportsFocus available on issuu.com. We didn’t print too many; our parent company folded and we went our separate ways after only about four issues. (The last issue, in legendary manner, was at the printer with a cover article about Gary Carter that he did not like, but never made it out.)
After a couple of other brief jobs, including a year in Colorado, I returned to Southern California. SportsFocus had re-emerged as Second Look, through a partnership with Radio Bible Class, publishers of the popular devotional Our Daily Bread.
Here are a few issues from those years:
Second Look, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Winter 1987)
Orel Hershiser, L.A. Dodgers
Jeanette Bolden, Olympic gold medalist, track
John Wooden, UCLA basketball head coach
(I was not editor for this issue; I joined the magazine soon after. But I did contribute the Bolden article, and it’s one of the old issues still online, so it’s worth a look.)
Second Look, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Spring 1987)
Steve Alford, Indiana University
Ozzie Volstad, volleyball
Stan Smith, tennis
Jenna Johnson and Suzy Ryan, swimming
Second Look, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Summer 1987)
Steve Largent, Seattle Seahawks
Larry Sheets, Baltimore Orioles
Jeremiah Castille, Denver Broncos
I did the Castille article. It was fun — not only as an Auburn grad interviewing a Bama athlete, but also because we did part of the interview in Westwood, near the UCLA campus. That was always my favorite place to take Southerners who wanted to experience the SoCal life.
Second Look, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1987)
Scott Simpson, PGA Tour
Lynette Woodard, Harlem Globetrotters
Bob Boone, California Angels
Second Look, Vol, 2, No. 2 (Winter 1988)
Frank Tanana, Detroit Tigers
Mark Price, Cleveland Cavaliers
Anthony Munoz, Cincinnati Bengals
Second Look, Vol, 3, No. 1 (Fall 1988)
Glenn Davis, Houston Astros, and Storm Davis, San Diego Padres
Pat Williams, Orlando Magic
Therese Hession, LPGA Tour
The Glenn and Storm article was one of my favorites. Being from Jacksonville, and friends with Storm Davis’s family, their intertwined stories particularly struck home with me. If I wrote it today, I might have worked my own references into the story more directly. But that’s not how we did it in the 1980s.
Jim Ryun, former mile record-holder
Brad Budde, Kansas City Chiefs
Dave Dravecky, San Francisco Giants
Dravecky anecdote: I moderated a discussion between Kyle Rote Jr., our companion TV show’s host, and Dravecky. After the interview, the three of us said our goodbye’s, and I heard a phone click. So I told Rote how impressed I was with Dravecky’s depth and insight and how well the discussion had gone. The response: “Um, John, I think Kyle has hung up.”
Maybe that’s why I was able to do a few more interviews with Dravecky over the years.
Second Look, Vol. 3, No. 3 (May/June 1989)
Reggie Williams, Cincinnati Bengals
Kay Yow, N.C. State
Ed Rush, NBA referee
This was my last issue of Second Look before I decided to make the transition to the academic life, first as director of public information at Azusa Pacific University.
As I transitioned from college administration to the classroom — first at APU, then Campbell University, then Auburn University — I also moved away from Second Look. It eventually would change its name to Sports Spectrum, to emphasize the sports connection.
I wrote a couple of free-lance articles for them: one on Dale Jarrett and another interviewing several NASCAR personalities in conjunction with some PSAs they were filming in Charlotte, N.C.
But as I focused more on the college classroom, and on articles that were much longer and had a flood of footnotes, I left Sports Spectrum to the capable hands of Discovery House Publishers, and now as a nonprofit independent publication based in Charlotte.
I’m glad that their work continues, and that they have made mine available.
Sports Spectrum magazine, Uncategorized
Alberto Salazar, Anthony Munoz, Bob Boone, Brad Budde, Cheryl Miller, Dan Quisenberry, Dave Dravecky, Ed Rush, Frank Tanana, Glenn Davis, Jeanette Bolden, Jenna Johnson, Jeremiah Castille, Jim Ryun, John Wooden, Julius Erving, Kay Yow, Larry Sheets, Lynette Woodard, Mark Price, Orel Hershiser, Ozzie Volstad, Pat Williams, Pete Maravich, Reggie Williams, Scott Simpson, Stan Smith, Steve Alford, Steve Largent, Storm Davis, Suzy Ryan, Therese Hession, Wayman Tisdale, Willie Gault
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Technical Challenges in Developing Software to Collect Twitter Data
Over the past two years, George Washington University Libraries developed Social Feed Manager (SFM), a Python and Django-based application for collecting social media data from Twitter. Expanding the project from a research prototype to a more widely useful application has presented a number of technical challenges, including changes in the Twitter API, supervision of simultaneous streaming processes, management, storage, and organization of collected data, meeting researcher needs for groups or sets of data, and improving documentation to facilitate other institutions’ installation and use of SFM. This article will describe how the Social Feed Manager project addressed these issues, use of supervisord to manage processes, and other technical decisions made in the course of this project through late summer 2014. This article is targeted towards librarians and archivists who are interested in building collections around web archives and social media data, and have a particular interest in the technical work involved in applying software to the problem of building a sustainable collection management program around these sources.
by Daniel Chudnov, Daniel Kerchner, Ankushi Sharma and Laura Wrubel
Over the past two years, the George Washington University Libraries developed Social Feed Manager, a Python and Django-based application for collecting social media data from Twitter. [1] The project began as a research prototype to support researchers on the GWU campus studying Twitter, replacing manual and time-consuming processes to collect and reformat data with an automated approach. Over the past year, supported by an Institute of Museum and Library Services Sparks! Ignition grant, the Libraries have refined and expanded the tool’s capacity and portability to make it useful for other institutions. In doing so, the development team has encountered a number of technical challenges. This paper will describe how the team handled changes in the Twitter API; meeting researcher needs for groups or sets of data; management, storage, and organization of collected data; using supervisord to manage simultaneous streaming processes; improving documentation to facilitate other institutions’ installation and use of SFM; and upcoming work on the SFM application and the integration of social media data into archival collections, descriptive standards, and policies.
The changing Twitter API
In early 2013 Twitter changed its API in several important ways [2]:
previously, some API queries had been allowed without authentication; now all requests require authentication
access to the easy-to-consume syndication feed format for user timelines is no longer available
new API request rate limits were implemented across all API calls
This combination of changes might seem reasonable to a software developer. For the most part, the same information is available from the API after these changes, and adapting tools to abide by the new API was just a small matter of code. However, to some researchers not experienced with software development, these changes made a once free-flowing source of research data much more difficult to access.
On the GW campus, for example, a faculty researcher in the School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA) had previously studied the use of Twitter by major media outlets [3]. The researcher’s workflow used prior to the API changes was to:
identify approximately three dozen Twitter accounts of interest
subscribe to the RSS feeds for each using Google Reader [4]
copy-and-paste individual tweets from Google Reader into spreadsheets
Although this painstaking process was suboptimal and not one the researchers wished to repeat, they were indeed able to complete their investigation with the Twitter API v1. However, the Twitter API v1.1 deprecated the previously available RSS feeds, and the new API shifted the security model so that all calls to the API required authentication, removing the ability to anonymously request query data.
The Libraries first began working with researchers in 2012, developing methods to automate the data collection process for the researcher. This work resulted in a script that took a list of Twitter handles as input, processed their RSS feeds, and converted the results into a CSV file for later use with Excel, Stata, or other applications familiar to social science researchers. Upon learning of the upcoming API changes, the development team switched to using a database-backed list of handles and the easy-to-use Tweepy [5] Python library for access to the Twitter API. Among many Python libraries evaluated, Tweepy had excellent coverage of the old API and an active development branch for the new API well before Twitter disabled the old API.
The development team tested this work with a second SMPA researcher studying congressional use of social media. The tests consisted of feeding a list of hundreds of U.S. Congress member Twitter accounts to the application prototype. The application immediately ran into the new Twitter API rate limits. Every Twitter API call has its own “window” of an allowable number of requests within a specific time interval; a volume of requests that exceeds this allowable number within that time interval will return Rate Limit Exceeded errors from the Twitter API. The “GET statuses/user_timeline” API [6] call, for example, allows up to 180 requests per 15 minutes per user and up to 300 requests per 15 minutes per authorized application. Because of this, we spread out calls to the API over time. To make 535 calls to statuses/user_timeline, for example, we would need to spread those calls over at least a 45-minute period, or a minimum of three rate-limit windows.
Fortunately, the Twitter API embeds rate limit information in its HTTP response headers:
x-rate-limit-remaining: how many calls remain in the current window
x-rate-limit-reset: when the current window resets
In SFM’s set_wait_time function we calculate a wait time between calls to spread requests across the remaining time in the current window, buffered by a few seconds to account for network delays and to keep our code’s use of the API gentle.
def set_wait_time(last_response):
"""based on last tweepy api response, calculate a time buffer in
seconds to wait before issuing next api call."""
wait_time = 0
remaining = int(last_response.getheader('x-rate-limit-remaining'))
reset = int(last_response.getheader('x-rate-limit-reset'))
remaining = reset_seconds = 1
# the out-of-calls-for-this-window case
if remaining == 0:
return reset_seconds + WAIT_BUFFER_SECONDS
wait_time = (reset_seconds / remaining) + WAIT_BUFFER_SECONDS
# #22: saw some negative ratelimit-reset/wait_times
# so cushion around that too
while wait_time < WAIT_BUFFER_SECONDS:
wait_time += WAIT_BUFFER_SECONDS
return wait_time
The development team soon learned the importance of using this function all the time; for any process that makes multiple calls to a rate-limited API like Twitter’s, skipping a step like adding a wait time between requests almost guarantees rapid exhaustion of available calls within a window. Because of this, every function in SFM that might make repeated calls to the API uses set_wait_time to spread calls over time. A side benefit of spreading out calls means that any process run will determine a wait buffer for itself based on the rate limit information in the API response, so when multiple processes are run in parallel, each will slow itself down accordingly, making it less likely that one process will starve other processes of calls within a rate limit window.
Exporting and reformatting data for researchers
In response to requests from campus researchers, Social Feed Manager supports a number of different methods of exporting and working with the captured data. The simplest use case is a CSV or Excel extract from raw JSON tweet data for a single Twitter user account. Because this use case is so common, we have added CSV and Excel export links as features of the researcher UI. Every captured Twitter account has its own page in SFM for browsing basic statistics and summaries of their captured tweets. A campus user who has authenticated to SFM through Twitter’s authentication system can use links on that page to export the data as CSV or as Excel. SFM responds to the link with a streamed file in an HTTP response that includes headers that should trigger a browser to open Microsoft Excel on most PCs. Each row in the export file contains a subset of the values contained in each tweet; the subset was selected based on researcher feedback and is documented in a data dictionary. [7]
In response to additional researcher requests, SFM allows two variations on the export. Multiple Twitter accounts may be grouped into sets — for example, members of the US Congress, or individual journalists from the Washington Post, or GWU student groups — for which a single CSV or Excel extract can be generated. However, these files can grow too large to efficiently stream via the browser, so we developed a command line function for this purpose, implemented as a Django management command. It allows a system administrator to generate a CSV or Excel export for a given user or a named set of users, and it also allows a date range to be specified to limit the extract. For example, some GWU researchers have wanted a one-week sampling of tweets from a set of users; the command line function, “export_csv” [8], allows us to respond to those requests quickly.
Managing millions of tweets
SFM also provides the capability to continuously collect live tweets using the Twitter streaming API’s “statuses/filter” [9] and “samplestream” commands [10]. Because this can quickly amass tweets, SFM writes these tweets to files rather than storing them in the database, and CSV and Excel are no longer feasible or useful export formats.
For a Computer Science researcher, we extracted tweets that contained certain keywords for a period of several hours. This generated millions of tweets, so rather than accumulating a small number of multi-gigabyte files, we developed a rolling file handler that starts new files at configurable intervals (defaulting to every 15 minutes). These smaller files, with names including timestamps to differentiate them, can grow to over a dozen megabytes in size each, even when compressed, so handling storage and transfer of them requires thoughtful planning, like with any digital collection of a similar size. To arrange the files on disk, we use another command line function called “organizedata” to split the files out into a year/month/day/hour hierarchy of folders [11].
When we went to transfer this data to the researcher, the data comprised multiple terabytes in this instance. To facilitate the transfer, we took a simple path of bundling up the hierarchy of compressed files of raw tweets in JSON into a BagIt bag [12], with checksums for every individual file, packaged into a single file using the Linux “tar” command. Aside from using a USB drive over sneakernet — which would have worked — we found it a modest challenge to transfer this somewhat large dataset to the researcher using a network. None of the obvious cloud-hosted file sharing platforms supported file sizes over a few terabytes, and a simple web page or bittorrent file wouldn’t help because we only wanted to deliver the file to one person. We settled for a different simple solution, using the Linux “split” command to cut the large tar file up into a handful of byte size-limited pieces, alongside additional checksums for each, and uploaded the set to cloud storage. We then shared access information, credentials, and basic instructions for file reassembly with the researcher, who found the result easy to receive and implement. It is possible that we will find this to be a common use case as we engage more often in sharing of large datasets. Some recipients will not be comfortable following a README file with sample Linux commands to run and we will need to define a smoother path for sharing large files discreetly. For now, however, this has worked well.
Managing simultaneous streaming processes
Capturing a filtered stream of tweets from the Twitter API has important considerations: a single authorized Twitter user account may only hold one filter open at a time; a stream can generate a lot of data quickly; and streams may be interrupted. Possible interruptions include network issues, a second simultaneous stream, or other system issues like upgrades and restarts. For this reason, streams need to be regularly monitored to ensure uptime. We sought a technical approach that allowed multiple streams to be managed in parallel using different authentication parameters, with a simple strategy for separating generated files and with a long-term monitoring solution in place that enabled automated starting, stopping, and restarting of streaming as appropriate.
The development team considered writing a daemon manager suited to our particular needs, but reconsidered given the scope and scale of the project. We also considered using operating system-level tools for managing Linux initscripts, but found that to be less than ideal for two reasons: we wanted an operating SFM user such as a librarian or archivist to be able to create, start, and stop stream filters through the SFM UI, and as a userspace application we did not want the SFM process to have privileges sufficient to write, edit, delete, and restart system-level files and processes. In between these two extremes, we found a working solution in supervisord [14], a process manager for users and applications, written in Python.
Use of supervisord is not required for gathering sets of individual user timelines from Twitter or even running a single filter stream. Because of this, installing and configuring supervisord is optional for all SFM users. Configuring, managing, and troubleshooting a Linux process manager arguably requires the support of a staff person with experience administering Linux systems, or at least willing to learn, because there are many things that can go wrong. Using supervisord requires careful configuration of system scripts, users, and permissions, along with its own application-level configuration with scripts, users, and permissions. Even so, with careful attention to the documentation [15] many SFM users should be able to get up and running with supervisord and to use it to capture multiple parallel streams.
When correctly configured, the supervisord-managed approach works well. A non-technical staff member using SFM can log in to SFM’s administration UI, add a new TwitterFilter [16], and SFM will generate a supervisord configuration file for the filterstream command with the correct user information for authorization. Supervisord will start a process immediately, storing streamed tweet data in a directory set aside for this TwitterFilter using the SFM database id of the TwitterFilter in the name of the configuration file and the name of the directory (e.g. “twitterfilter-12”) to contain captured tweet files. That same staff member can also deactivate, reactivate, or delete TwitterFilters just as easily through the UI, triggering backend calls to supervisord to stop, restart, or remove processes and their configuration. These backend calls to supervisord are remote procedure calls made using the Python XML-RPC implementation [17]. We expect that this feature will be particularly useful for rapidly responding to researchers’ requests to capture an ongoing flow of tweets in real-time.
A potential benefit of having supervisord in place is to manage additional process types. We plan to add features to post-process media content such as images, videos, and web pages, as well as add other social media platforms, and anticipate that a supervisord-managed process will be a good fit for one or more of these new tasks.
Supporting other users and building community
In addition to making the app available via GitHub, we have worked to make it more readily usable by other cultural heritage organizations. At several points in the past year (e.g. a December 2013 grant-funded meeting with developers and librarians, a March 2014 code4lib preconference workshop, and in one-on-one support for potential users) we were able to assist others installing the app and observe pitfalls in the installation process. These interactions have allowed us to identify problems that users may encounter in setting up the app and motivated us to expand and iteratively improve the documentation. Other ways we have sought feedback on SFM have included structured interviews with current and potential users and interactions on our sfm-dev Google group [18].
We also recognized that documentation serves a purpose in developing buy-in and understanding for SFM; collecting Twitter data is a new activity for most cultural heritage organizations. The documentation enumerates the app’s possible uses and describes both staffing and technical considerations in embarking on collecting Twitter data.
We used the readthedocs.org as a platform for documentation: it is widely used, has a clean interface, and integrates with the code itself. Docs are formatted in reStructured Text (reST) [19] and stored in the git repository itself in a docs directory. Anyone may fork the repository and submit pull requests suggesting improvements to any of the docs, just as one would submit pull requests with changes to the code.
Over the next three years, supported by a grant from the National Historic Publications and Records Commission, [20] we will continue our work on SFM with overall goals of improving our service to the GWU community and in building collections in GW Libraries. In particular, we intend to add support for more platforms in addition to Twitter, including at least Flickr and Tumblr, and others as demand requires and time allows. In addition, we plan to consider the integration of social media data into archival collections, including the full workflow of selection, transfer, accessioning, processing, describing, and enabling access. Along this path we expect to evaluate opportunities for integration with existing descriptive standards and foundational strategies, as well as developing new policies as required.
As part of this work we are looking to expand the notion of what we can collect from just one user or set of users’ tweets to a more robust notion of “correspondence”, including replies, mentions, comments, and other interactions present on different platforms. We seek to add the ability to capture more media types such as images, videos, and web pages referenced in tweets. At the same time, we will consider system strategies for accomplishing these tasks across platforms, integrating collected media with existing special collections, descriptive metadata environments, and media gathered via web archiving. Throughout this work we will continue to manage issues and milestones for SFM using the GitHub repository, and we will update documentation with each new release. We welcome feedback via comments, tickets, or pull requests in the github repository, or via email to the development list [21].
[1] Social Feed Manager is a free and open source software application, available at https://github.com/gwu-libraries/social-feed-manager/ with documentation at http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/
[2] “Changes coming in Version 1.1 of the Twitter API”, https://blog.twitter.com/2012/changes-coming-to-twitter-api
[3] Jesse Holcomb, Kimberly Gross and Amy Mitchell. 2011. “How Mainstream Media Outlets Use Twitter.” Report from Project for Excellence in Journalism. http://www.journalism.org/2011/11/14/how-mainstream-media-outlets-use-twitter/
[4] Google Reader (https://www.google.com/reader/) was an RSS/Atom feed aggregator which was discontinued as of July 1, 2013. Although alternatives exist, the once-ubiquitous “feed reader” model popular for many years has now waned.
[5] http://www.tweepy.org/
[6] https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/statuses/user_timeline
[7] http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/en/m5_002/data_dictionary.html
[8] http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/en/m5_002/mgmt_commands.html#export-csv
[9] https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/post/statuses/filter
[10] https://dev.twitter.com/streaming/reference/get/statuses/sample
[11] http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/en/m5_002/mgmt_commands.html#organizedata
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BagIt
[13] http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/en/m5_002/mgmt_commands.html#filterstream
[14] http://supervisord.org/
[15] http://social-feed-manager.readthedocs.org/en/m5_002/supervisor_and_streams.html
[16] In SFM, a TwitterFilter contains the query predicates with which to call the Twitter “statuses/filter” API [10]]; these predicates may include keywords, geospatial regions, and/or usernames.
[17] https://docs.python.org/2/library/xmlrpclib.html
[18] https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/sfm-dev
[19] http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
[20] NHPRC award number NAR14-DI-50017-14: “Building Social Media Collections: Tools and Policy Recommendations for Collection Development and Management”
This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services Sparks! Ignition grant LG-46-13-0257.
Daniel Chudnov is Director, Scholarly Technology at the George Washington University Libraries, where he supervises library staff working in software and systems development and operations. He holds degrees from the University of Michigan, and is pursuing an additional master’s degree in Business Analytics at George Washington University.
Daniel Kerchner is a Senior Software Developer on the Social Feed Manager project as well as other digital initiatives and open source projects. He is a certified Project Management Professional and holds degrees from Cornell University and the University of Virginia.
Ankushi Sharma is a Masters student in the Department of Computer Science at the George Washington University. She is a software developer on the Social Feed Manager project, and was recently awarded a scholarship from the Anita Borg Institute to attend the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing.
Laura Wrubel is the E-Resources Content Manager at the George Washington University Libraries and is responsible for access to library e-resources. She holds an MLS from the University of Maryland.
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Supporting Oral Histories in Islandora
Since 2014, the University of Toronto Scarborough Library’s Digital Scholarship Unit (DSU) has been working on an Islandora-based solution for creating and stewarding oral histories (the Oral Histories solution pack). Although regular updates regarding the status of this work have been presented at Open Repositories conferences, this is the first article to describe the goals and features associated with this codebase, as well as the roadmap for development. An Islandora-based approach is appropriate for addressing the challenges of Oral History, an interdisciplinary methodology with complex notions of authorship and audience that both brings a corresponding complexity of use cases and roots Oral Histories projects in the ever-emergent technical and preservation challenges associated with multimedia and born digital assets. By leveraging Islandora, those embarking on Oral Histories projects benefit from existing community-supported code. By writing and maintaining the Oral Histories solution pack, the library seeks to build on common ground for those supporting Oral Histories projects and encourage a sustainable solution and feature set.
Introduction: Institutional Context
The Digital Scholarship Unit (DSU) at the University of Toronto Scarborough (UTSC) Library works with campus IT to design stable best-practices infrastructures that can support the research conducted by and with faculty on campus as well as digitized and born-digital special collections. The DSU also works with liaison librarians to provide consultation and development services for experimentation and co-curricular pedagogy. Activities undertaken by the unit include helping stakeholders preserve and manage data, teaching digital scholarship tools, providing training on issues relating to scholarly publishing and open access, coordinating access to repository and data services developed by the central University of Toronto libraries system, and giving advice on metadata development and management.
UTSC is 50 years old, and prides itself on a relationship with multimedia innovation, having originally been built with a television studio to develop and transmit closed-circuit lectures (UTSC Timeline). Today, several courses at UTSC incorporate the creation of audiovisual materials into the assignments completed by undergraduate students and researchers seek the means to develop and analyze unique collections of video and audio materials under the banner of Oral History. In 2014, the library embarked on an expansion of the services of the Digital Scholarship Unit, and several faculty approached the library seeking support for oral history projects.
Scoping Oral History Support – Requirements
Oral History is defined more as process than as product, “a field of study and a method of gathering, preserving and interpreting the voices and memories of people, communities, and participants in past events” [1]. The breadth of this definition can challenge those tasked with developing infrastructure, software, and workflows to make possible this “gathering, preserving and interpreting” work. Teams working on oral histories commonly request abilities to do the following:
relate born-digital and surrogate materials drawn from an archive together in a non-exclusive fashion (graph-type relationships)
manage materials and administrative processes as required by research ethics boards and granting agencies. Materially this means granular permissions, long-term stewardship, and reliable access and discovery of materials
describe, transcribe, and translate audio and video files
It is also important to note that these features need to be flexible enough to address the unique research and/or collection building goals of each project. Relevant materials can be in multiple formats and contain any number of speakers, and research questions can require, for example, that annotation rather than transcription information be appended to objects and indexed for discovery. As projects evolve, it’s also possible that new data sources will be included, enriched and otherwise integrated into pre-existing data sources. In the end, the processes of oral history appear to defy any consistent structure or approach. As a result, a software platform that must address the needs of multiple groups needed to be highly flexible and configurable. The UTSC library found that Islandora provided ways of addressing most of these requirements.
Relating born-digital and surrogate materials together
Oral history project teams often ask for the ability to link audio and video files with other born-digital and surrogate materials for both administrative and historical context. For example, a recording of an interview might be associated with consent forms agreeing to preservation and publication of all or parts of a recording, or an interview may be associated with other files contextualizing the content of the interview for an audience. Recordings might also be linked together to form an exhibition or collection of interviews on a particular topic. These connections may be non-exclusive – a single article or image may, for example, be relevant to two recorded interviews.
Using Islandora Solution Packs, it is possible to support ingest and display of a number of content types. Islandora Solution Packs are Drupal modules that offer content models, workflows, forms, and integration with other solution packs or third party software projects to serve the needs of particular types of content or a certain user base. Solution packs vary quite widely in their scope and application[2] and often leverage other solution packs or contributed Drupal modules as dependencies. Moreover, the underlying Fedora 3 architecture supports complex and graph type relationships between objects (these functions are further enhanced and extended in Fedora 4) and there are interface mechanisms for linking objects together in compounds and collections, and sharing objects in multiple relationships. The ecosystem of solution packs allowed us to utilize a great deal of existing functionality and extend it for our purposes in storing, displaying, and interrelating multimedia content.
Managing materials and administrative processes
A common request from UTSC researchers is that oral histories be available to the source community in which they were collected, an audience that may be located internationally and may have permissions to some materials and not to others. An academic audience may seek and use a collection of oral histories differently from members of the general public, and these different modes of access require granular permissions for access. In Islandora, Fedora’s XACML-based security is highly configurable, as is the role-based Drupal permissions system. Managing not just access, but also authorship and administration, Islandora allows for fairly complex use cases to address the (often fraught) notions of authorship inherent in Oral History work.
The oral history materials themselves, often containing video and audio files, can be difficult to preserve and serve reliably. Codecs change and these files tend to be large in size. It is widely recognized that the problem of preserving multimedia materials will continue to grow, as the availability of recording equipment makes generating these materials ever easier. The Islandora Video and Audio Solution Packs produce several formats, an access copy, and can be configured alongside utility modules to create and store technical, administrative, and preservation metadata.
Describing, transcribing, and translating audio and video files
We recognized that our need to flexibly describe and index oral histories could be addressed using Islandora’s form building modules (XML Forms) and search (Solr) functions. Islandora’s form building modules (XML Forms) [3] allow for the creation of form templates that can be used to author XML datastreams in a Fedora object. A user can create a new form, associate it with a Content Model in Fedora, and it will become available to users creating a new instance of an object using the Content Model. Once the XML datastream has been created, the GSearch application leverages an XSL stylesheet to transform the new XML into Solr documents, and make the information contained available to Islandora search functions [4]. Indexing new XML elements often requires an extension to the XSL stylesheet to address any new elements not covered in the default XSL packaged with solution packs.
While the forms and search infrastructure provided a lot of functionality, there was no Islandora mechanism available for researchers who wish to describe, transcribe, or translate interview content and associate it with time codes. Beyond the research applications, UTSC is also bound by the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act. This act requires compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, and includes a requirement for text representations of non-text content.
Given Islandora’s coverage of many of the other requirements identified as essential in an Oral Histories infrastructure, the group determined that it would be best to develop an additional solution pack that provided these additional transcription, translation, and description features. They were bundled (with some hubris) by the unit as the “Oral History Solution Pack.”
The Islandora Oral History Solution Pack
The Oral History Solution Pack (OHSP) has existed in beta form since 2015, and was recently accepted into the Islandora Foundation Labs Repository. The intention is to continue the work to bring the module into the Foundation and release it as part of a regular Islandora release. Those familiar with Islandora will be familiar with the workflow by which one or more source files are transcoded and ingested as Islandora datastreams in an Islandora object: For interface ingestion, users are presented with the option of creating an “Oral History” object, and asked to provide a file and fill out descriptive metadata. The object is uploaded and triggers a series of processes that transcode the source file to one or more derivatives, creates relevant datastreams, and provides feedback to the user once the object has been created. The OHSP follows the same pattern, making available an oral history specific Content Model to collection policies, and leveraging Islandora’s Video and Audio Solution Packs as dependencies to generate derivatives. The module is designed to operate with the rest of Islandora’s released Solution Packs and Utility Modules, and the intention is to provide substantial flexibility in implementation. A major contributor to the concept for implementation is Edward Garrett of Pinedrop, whose transcript Drupal modules were discovered early in the research phase for this project. Transcript UI leverages the concept of “tiers” (also used in transcription tools such as ELAN) to encode various layers of information about an audio or video file (including transcription, translation, and description).
The Viewer
Edward Garrett was contracted by the University to abstract the viewer functions from his module into the Transcript UI module, which is a dependency and sub-module for the Oral History Solution Pack. Garrett’s viewer design makes possible the display of information tiers. In Figure 1, it is possible to see how an annotation and transcription tier are both available from the drop-down menu. The names and number of tiers are highly customizable. In Figure 2, it is possible to see how individual tier “cues” are highlighted as a video plays, In Figure 3, it is possible to see user options for the closed captioning functions of the viewer, out-of-the-box elements of the video.js player used at the heart of the viewer and fed using Islandora data. Note that users not using a bootstrap theme need to include a custom bootstrap build targeting the oral history elements in order for the viewer to display properly (an example is packaged with the module).
Figure 1. Viewer configuration by user
Figure 2. Highlighting and CC on video
Figure 3. Available CC options in player
The viewer displays captions in the video.js player using a simple WebVTT file Timed Track Element; transcript cues are parsed and synchronised via HTML5 Video Events and API. A WebVTT file is either provided at ingest, or generated via a source XML file.
When installing and configuring the OHSP, administrators have the option to turn off the creation of WebVTT files, to enable CC for display, to enable the transcript display, and to display the media and transcript side-by-side (rather than the default, which is to display the transcript underneath). Administrators can also configure the speakers and tiers in source files for display as you can see in Figure 4. At the top, you can see that two custom tiers were used in the source XML for the transcript. Here in the interface, an administrator can define the human-readable name that will be associated in the viewer drop-down menu with the tier provided in the source XML. Similarly, speaker name elements can be glossed with more human readable names using a typical Drupal convention of machine name|human-readable name. This configuration panel is designed to enable users to flexibly define the nature of their source transcript files.
Figure 4. Configuring Transcript tiers and speaker names for display.
Ingest Formats and Workflow
To serve the functions of the viewer, the OHSP supports the addition of enriched source material and produces additional derivatives on ingest. In addition to a source video or audio file, users ingest time-coded content files in either a) a custom XML format or b) a WEBVTT format.
The XML format is required to support tiers. An XSD schema is provided with the module so that people creating XML files can ensure they are producing a valid format.[5] The custom XML format has a <cues> root element containing a number of nested <cue> elements. Each <cue> consists of a <start> and <end> element indicating the timecode for each cue, and an optional <speaker> element. Each cue can contain multiple customizable tier elements (such as transcription, translation, and annotation). If tiers are used, they must be used in every cue. For instance, if a <translation> element exists in one cue, it needs to exist in every other cue even if it is empty. In addition, the cue tiers need to appear in the same order in each cue. The XSD schema does not account for these tier customizations. Tiers are identified via the use of tags when authoring an input XML file. See an example of the required XML format in Figure 5. Further discussion of methods for creating source XML files is provided in the implementation section.
WebVTT is a W3C standard that provides a very simple time-encoded text format to display captions or subtitles. It was developed to support the HTML5 <track> element for timed text tracks for closed captions and subtitles in the <video> element. Currently, modern browsers and popular HTML5 video players such as video.js only parse simple WebVTT format, which is suitable for simple use cases like closed captioning/subtitles to meet web accessibility requirements. This means that although the WebVTT specification technically allows for the inclusion of structured JSON or XML data snippets, a feature which could have been exploited to capture multiple data tiers within a single WebVTT file, the decision was made to continue with a custom XML format and limit use of WebVTT to closed captions and subtitles in the viewer.
<cue>
<speaker>Dorjee Lhatoo</speaker>
<start>36.0</start>
<end>45.0</end>
<transcript> Poor company with me. She would pour me a glass, one sip and it goes right through, you see -</transcript>
</cue>
<speaker>Interviewer2</speaker>
<transcript> [indiscernible] on fire. She sounds like great fun.</transcript>
<transcript> And then she used to bidi</transcript>
<transcript> Oh!</transcript>
Figure 5. Sample snippet of XML
When a source XML file is ingested, the OHSP assigns the TRANSCRIPT datastream ID, and crosswalks the content to an additional MEDIATRACK datastream in WebVTT format. See a sample of WebVTT content in Figure 6.
Anna: It can also be used to carry supplies such as cargo
00:17.017 -->00:25.926
Anna: food, materials or anything that can be carried to the International Space Station and to work up there.
Figure 6. Sample WebVTT format
A flowchart depicting the ingest process is provided in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Ingest workflow
Support for Ingesting WebVTT
Support for ingesting WebVTT files natively is a relatively new feature. If a single WebVTT is ingested, it will be used to generate a transcript display. Multiple WebVTT files can be ingested and will appear in the Closed Captioning portion of the viewer, but only a single WebVTT file can appear in the transcript viewer itself. There are no current plans to expand this feature based on local use cases, though this may be a useful feature. All WebVTT files ingested with the source media file are stored with the MEDIATRACK datastream ID (DSID). In the case of multiple WebVTT files, a language code (such as _fr) is appended to the end. Supporting WebVTT ingest was a community requirement, but it substantially expands the use of the module for those who may be coming from other systems and who already have a variety of source files containing time-encoded transcripts. For example, WebVTT files can be crosswalked from other popular formats for captioning such as SRT (SubRip).
One shortcoming of the native WebVTT ingest has to do with the inability of Solr GSearch (used by Islandora) to index this file format. Left with the option to cast WebVTT as plain text or XML, the decision was made to create an additional XML derivative datastream for indexing. This datastream has a DSID of INDEXMEDIATRACK_languagecode, with the language code being drawn from the source WebVTT file. Additional development may be required on this front in order to more fully flesh out this feature and ensure consistency between oral histories using source WebVTT or XML files.
Our unit is committed to continuing to refine these functions and making every attempt to ensure backwards compatibility for both UTSC’s local installation and the installations of others. Existing implementations reveal the flexibility of the software as it is currently being deployed by the library and in the community.
Implementation Details
Despite the fact that the module has yet to be included in a formal Islandora release, a recent Islandora listserv discussion revealed active installations at Michigan State University (US); Hamilton College (US) (The Digital Humanities initiative (DHi)); Italy’s National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) and the Hagley Museum and Library (US) [6]. This suggests that the initial goal, to develop a tool that was generalized and flexible in implementation, is at least partially successful. Feedback has included a desire to streamline the creation and ingestion of transcript files in XML and WebVTT format. Currently, many desktop tools make it possible to create these files. At UTSC, Inqscribe and Audacity are common tools, though there has been some exploration of how to use YouTube to create these files.
The format required for transcripts is simple enough to use any common transcript editor. A good amount of user documentation has been created to guide people through the process, and is available in Github.[7][8] The UTSC community is currently using Inqscribe[9] or Audacity[10] to manually create tracks for ingest. Michigan State reports using Audiogrep[11] to automatically create transcripts, and the Hagley Museum is creating their timed transcripts in OHMS[12]. At UTSC the workflow is to take the outputs of Inqscribe and Audacity as .csv or text files (depending on the source application) and use OpenRefine’s[13] template export feature to create the appropriate XML file. More detailed documentation about using these options to create timed transcripts is available in the module documentation.
The size of source media files has also posed an issue for UTSC’s local installation, and a PHP script was developed to provide an alternative model for the batch ingest of large media files. This script is also available in Github[14]. When using the script, Oral histories are placed in directories and ingested directly into Fedora using a FOXML file template and cURL. Arguments are passed using the command line (example Figure 8)
php fedora_ingest.php user=fedoraAdmin pass=fedoraPassword url=http://localhost:8080/fedoraURL ns=demo cmodel=islandora:sp_videoCModel collection=demo:collection target=/absolute/path/to/ingest/directory log=/absolute/path/to/ingest/directory email=admin@example.com
Figure 8. Sample command line call to PHP script for alternative ingest path.
At UTSC, two digital scholarship projects and one course are leveraging the solution pack, serving scholars and students in History, Women’s Studies, and Sociology. For classroom use, students are submitting packages that are further prepared and ingested by the course instructor or TA. Typically, the creation of the source XML or WebVTT files is the largest barrier to entry for users of the software. For some time, project members have been requesting the ability to author and publish media transcription, description, and annotation directly within the web interface. Initial work sought to develop these features directly in the Oral History Solution Pack, but this work has recently been abstracted to form the base of a new utility module that aims to facilitate annotation across Islandora repositories.
Future Directions – Web-based Annotation
Supporting web-based annotation is a priority feature identified by scholars at UTSC, including scholars that are not actively engaged in Oral History projects. After discussion and research, it was determined that a common approach to annotation across Islandora-hosted content types would present the best option for adhering to the W3C Web Annotation Data Model. The Web Annotation Data Model[15] is the recommendation produced by the W3C Web Annotation Working Group that provides a standard way of dealing with annotations online. In this model, “an Annotation is a rooted, directed graph that represents a relationship between resources” [Web Annotation Data Model]. This model leverages a concept of bodies, targets, and motivations. Below is an example of an Annotation resource, serialized in the preferred JSON-LD format:
"@context": "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld",
"id": "http://example.org/anno5",
"type":"Annotation",
"type" : "TextualBody",
"value" : "<p>j'adore !</p>",
"format" : "text/html",
"language" : "fr"
"target": "http://example.org/photo1"
Figure 9. Sample Annotation Resource in JSON-LD
The specification builds upon REST principles and the Linked-Data Platform recommendation, meaning it will natively work with Fedora 4, which is being utilized in the next generation Islandora (Islandora CLAW). In the current Fedora 3 framework, Islandora objects will be created with relationships to the source object. However, the Web Annotation Solution Pack is conceptualized as a CLAW-facing project, in that development assumes a migration of content and features to Drupal 8 and Fedora 4 as the CLAW project becomes production ready. The unit is open to collaboration with others interested in a utility module to serve Islandora viewers and adhere to the emerging Web Annotation Data Model.
Open scholarship is best served by generalized software tools that can be configured to serve diverse needs while being collaboratively maintained. The OHSP is an attempt to further and facilitate a conversation about how institutions will support Oral Histories projects. The module furthers UTSC Library’s goal of aiding in the creation of oral histories and the stewardship of newer forms of scholarship, as well as addressing the realities of the ways that events are witnessed and recorded and how these affect the professional commitments of libraries to preserve a shared cultural heritage.
Lingling Jiang and Edward Garrett authored much of the original code for the Oral Histories module and Jiang was an author of the OR2015 presentation from which this paper drew some of its material.
Marcus Emmanuel Barnes is a software developer in the University of Toronto Scarborough Library’s Digital Scholarship Unit. With over eight years of web programming and application design experience, Marcus specializes in creating tools that enhance academic libraries for faculty, staff and students.
Natkeeran Ledchumykanthan is a software developer in the University of Toronto Scarborough Library’s Digital Scholarship Unit. Nat has more than eight years of full stack development experience (LAMP, PHP, Java, Javascript, XML technologies) and is an active volunteer for community digital preservation/library projects.
Kim Pham is the Digital Projects and Technologies librarian in the University of Toronto Scarborough Library’s Digital Scholarship Unit and a liaison librarian for Physics. She works on a bunch of great projects, rock climbs, and loves meticulous metadata review as well as code testing. She also has an awesome dog named Merle, and she is definitely going to see you at the conference.
Kirsta Stapelfeldt is the Coordinator of the University of Toronto Scarborough (UTSC) Library’s Digital Scholarship Unit and liaison librarian for Computer Science. She has been working with Islandora and managing Digital Scholarship/Collections projects since 2010. Previously at the University of Prince Edward Island, Kirsta moved to UTSC in 2014 and maintains active connections with Islandora through participation on the Roadmap Committees and Islandora Board.
[1] Oral History: Defined. New York (NY): Oral History Association; [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: http://www.oralhistory.org/about/do-oral-history/
[2] Solution Packs. Charlottetown (PEI): Islandora Foundation; [cited 2017, January 2] Available from: https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ISLANDORA/Solution+Packs
[3] XML Forms. Charlottetown (PEI): Islandora Foundation; [cited 2017, January 2] Available from: https://github.com/Islandora/islandora_xml_forms
[4] Islandora Solr Search. Charlottetown (PEI): Islandora Foundation; [cited 2017, January 2] Available from: https://github.com/Islandora/islandora_xml_forms
[5] XML Validators. Toronto (ON): Digital Scholarship Unit; [cited 2017, January 2] 6] Oct 21, 2016; Subject: Oral Histories Solution Pack as an Islandora component https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/islandora/erzU08nDjA0
[7] Generating Transcripts. Toronto (ON): Digital Scholarship Unit; [cited 2017, January 2] https://github.com/digitalutsc/islandora_solution_pack_oralhistories/blob/master/docs/administrator/01-creatingTranscripts-transcriptionsoftware.md
[8] Introduction for Administrators. Toronto (ON): Digital Scholarship Unit; [cited 2017, January 2]
[9] Inqscribe https://www.inqscribe.com/
[10] Audacity http://www.audacityteam.org/
[11] Audiogrep https://github.com/antiboredom/audiogrep
[12] Oral History Metadata Synchronizer http://www.oralhistoryonline.org/
[13] OpenRefine http://openrefine.org/download.html
[14] Fedora Video Ingesting Script https://github.com/digitalutsc/fedora_video_ingesting
[15] https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/
A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML: Media Events. W3C. [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/embedded-content-0.html#mediaevents.
How to make websites accessible. Government of Ontario. Ottawa (ON) [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.ontario.ca/page/how-make-websites-accessible
Oral History: Defined. New York (NY): Oral History Association; [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: http://www.oralhistory.org/about/do-oral-history/
UTSC Timeline. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto Scarborough; [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/aboutus/historical-timeline
Solution Packs. Charlottetown (PEI): Islandora Foundation; [cited 2017, January 2] Available from: https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ISLANDORA/Solution+Packs
Web Annotation Data Model: W3C Candidate Recommendation 22 November 2016.. W3C. [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/
WebVTT: The Web Video Text Tracks Format: Draft Community Group Report 31 January 2015. W3C. [cited 2016, Nov 30]. Available from: http://dev.w3.org/html5/webvtt/.
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What ever happened to…
Posted on April 12, 2010 by Bekah
Dear LTTers,
We’ve been with you for awhile now and over the past year and 4 months we’ve talked about a lot. A lot of themes and characters have come and gone. Some people who were SO vital to our – err- organization are like distant memories. Today we begin a new series where we dig into the past and find out whatever happened to… whoever we’ve sadly stopped talking about. First on today’s list…..
Buttcrack Santa
After his wild success playing the role of “Buttcrack Santa” in Twilight in 2008, Ned Bellamy went on to star as a secondary, mostly-forgotten character in a few episodes of 2 different, barely watched television shows and as the highly popular character named “Cabinet Member” in the television series 24. No- I got that wrong. He was the “character name “Cabinet Member” in the highly popular television series 24. He has not yet worked in 2010.
In his spare time he either writes or reads one-shot fan fic about himself:
Just in time for Christmas! This is what I think happened during the “butt-crack Santa incident”. Written in Waylon’s POV One-shot.
Seeing Bella all grown up reminded me of the last time I saw her. It was Christmas. Charlie brought four-year-old Bella to a Christmas party. I decided to suprise the kids and dress up like Santa Clause. Well, the suit was a little big, so I stuffed it with a few pillows.
At about seven o’clock, I came out to give out the presents. All the kids lit up, especially Bella. I gave out all the presents from under the tree. There was one last present left, but the bow was stuck on a branch. I bent down to get it unstuck and I heard some giggling. I thought it was just from getting the present caught on the tree, but Bella blurted out, “Ew! Butt crack!” Everyone laughed. I pulled the sagging Santa pants up and finally got the present unstuck and gave it to it’s owner. The rest of the party went fine, but I didn’t get up from the couch the rest of the night. When Charlie was about to leave to take Bella home, he patted me on the back and said, “Good job, butt-crack Santa.” Bella giggled and they went home.
A.N.: Now, wasn’t that a good holiday Pick-me-up? Now click that little green button below and give me a nice, tasty review!
P.S. Beware of ill-fitting Santa suits!
(Go review that fic & make that writer’s- aka Ned Bellamy’s- day)
The 100 Monkeys
Once known for their ability to write a hit song about an every day object found in the puffy-painted canvas tote of a fan club member, the 100 Monkeys have seemed quiet as of late. Or has it just been our incredible lack of care for Jackson Rathbone as compared to the other cast members like we were accused of in a recent fan letter:
Hooray- a way for you to make up for your inexcusable neglect of Jackson Rathbone- have you been covering the 100 City tour? did you have pictures of the black eye? did you write about the Hard Rock Las Vegas brouhaha? have you shown us awesome Last Airbender trailers? noooo it’s all about Kellen in underwear ads and Taylor’s father for some unfathomable reason.
Anyway here’s your chance to make it all up. Jackson and the 100 Monkeys will be in Philadelphia April 8th at the North Star and it would be lovely if you would attend and tell us about it.
Unfortunately I was busy on April 8th ogling pictures of Kellan Lutz in his undewear and photoshopping Big Daddy Lautner getting stuck in the drive thru window of a McDonalds and couldn’t make the show. However, maybe in a few years I’ll think about attending one again after my ears heal from the last time I saw the band in Philadelphia.
However, in keeping with the theme of “Whatever happened to” and in no way writing this to appease Coco (even though I love nothing more than to bend over backwards for someone’s bitchy request), I did some research on the band. The Monkeys now have a pretty cool-looking website and seem to still run around town with Marty the Bananager. They are reconsidering his role in the band as the banana suit smells so bad that it’s actually keeping the girls away. This spring the band is on a 100 city tour and Jackson latest “look” is turning me- normally a lover of hippie, dirty rock boys- into a lesbian. Their music is just as bad- if not worse- than when I first saw them a year ago. Believe me, I just spent the last 5 minutes listening to clips of their songs on the “100 Monkeys Jukebox” praying for something I could tolerate. I came up empty handed.
On the new website, there is a “Chatter” section where their fans can discuss the latest color of puffy paint to use on their canvas Monkey bag & share with each other (and hope that the band will take a peek too) the most recent art inspired by the band. For example:
This beautiful masterpiece
Or this- the best Jackson has looked in 2 whole years:
(I actually like this- shhh don't tell)
And I’m so happy to have finally found Moon’s birthday present:
Find out MORE after the jump!
Respect AmanDUH
AmanDUH
Once the mascot of 2nd-hand embarrassment with her Twilight reenactment videos with her husband, “Special” Edward, AmanDUH Berkowski has spent the past year being honored as the “Hot Slut of the Day” on Dlisted, deleting her YouTube account, writing books, making films, reinstating her You Tube account, writing religious poems, making public videos basically asking another You Tube sensation to become her lesbian lover only to have her dreams shattered when the object of her desire closed her You Tube account, having a baby, closing her You Tube account once & for all and opening a new account under a new name where she she seems to have found God and written religious songs, making a naked video in a bathtub (<— NSFW but not the video. I wouldn’t do that to you (I didn’t watch it- but I am including that in Moon’s birthday care package)) and continuing her love of the Twilight Saga as proven by the two following You Tube videos (they will open in a new window as AmanDUH doesn’t allow the embedding of her videos, which is probably a good idea seeing as how she likes to get naked in them)
Oh, AmanDUH- Emo Mandy is nice & all, but we really miss the original you. Won’t you pretty please post your Twilight reenactment videos again!?
It will never be the same…. We miss this:
And that’s “What ever happened to?“! Who have you missed hearing about and want us to track down for next time?
Love your friendly Twilight investigator,
Filed under: 2nd-hand Embarassment, Buttcrack Santa, Fan Art, Fanmade Videos, Jackson, Twilight, Video, What Ever Happened To... | Tagged: 100 monkeys, 2nd-hand Embarassment, Amandah berkoswki, AmanDUH, buttcrack santa, Fan Art, fan fiction, Jackson Rathbone, Ned Ballemy, What Ever Happened To... |
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Jayde, on April 12, 2010 at 8:08 am said:
AmanDUH’s husband IS special!
Snap me off a piece of that!
(*cough*)
Woah, that was kinda bitchy. I guess I’ve got my bitch knickers on tonight . . .
Um, I kinda like that drawing of Jacksper as well. It’s really well done!
As for the one you’ll be giving to Moon for her bday, I’m totes going to print it out and frame it. And put it next to my bed.
eatmyjorts, on April 12, 2010 at 8:19 am said:
If that drawing was done live at the gig it’s goo….but it has a goo ‘spirit’ to it regardless of its other failings.
I have my ‘former drawing tutor’ bitch bloomers on, it seems.
Jess, on April 12, 2010 at 8:11 am said:
I had wiped AmanDUH and her uh.. special.. videos from my memory.
Thanks for that, UC.
AJ, on April 12, 2010 at 8:19 pm said:
I played the Amanduh Sudden Silence and it literally scared my puppy!
Now its personal Amanduh, leave mu adorable puppy alone!
I think Buttcrack Santa & AmanDUH should put their creative heads together & come up with a pre-Eclipse masterpice of some sort, which will be so amaaaaaaaazing that Summit will immediately headhunt them to be the joint producers of Jumping Shark (BD), parts 1&2. AmanDUH Jr (male or female) will no doubt be a shoe-in for She Who Must Not Be Named Renesmee….
Masterpice? SO much better than your average masterpiece.
JodieO, on April 12, 2010 at 8:36 am said:
That’s not Amanduh’s original husband is it? This guy looks young enought to actually be married to her.
superhumanmoron, on April 12, 2010 at 8:43 am said:
I don’t recall her husband having that much hair.
What’s really scary is this new dude looks a lot like a really bad photo of my best friend. I can’t imagine he’d be party to that kind of crazy, though.
allryans, on April 12, 2010 at 10:55 am said:
That’s her brother.
Hey- it worked for the Cullens. And those Flowers in the Attic kids.
JodieO, on April 12, 2010 at 12:47 pm said:
BAAAAHAHAHAHAHAHA!
Saveyoursoul, on April 12, 2010 at 8:36 am said:
I totally just checked out AmanDUH’s Youtube channel… not the naked video though. I don’t really think I can handle that right now 😉
@UC: I can’t believe Coco wrote that Letter to you. I mean, you have already been to a 100 Monkeys concert. And that’s NOT something you have to do multiple times. Cause it only takes about 2 minutes to find out that they suck. Badly! Even though it is kinda funny that they once improvised aka made up a song called “Boo Boo Kitty Fuck”. SO BAD!
unintendedchoice, on April 12, 2010 at 8:02 pm said:
thank you- i knew at least one person here would understand 🙂
tiffanized, on April 12, 2010 at 9:01 am said:
Buttcrack Santa fan fiction? I haven’t been this afraid to click a link since Snail Penis Day. Please tell me it’s lemon-free; I will not be able to sleep at night.
eatmyjorts, on April 12, 2010 at 12:56 pm said:
I left feedback. Couldn’t help myself.
P.S. Lemon free! Promise!
tiffanized, on April 12, 2010 at 9:30 pm said:
Thank you. You came through for me, and I won’t forget it.
blackroses, on April 12, 2010 at 9:06 am said:
that 1st picture of AmanDUH is kind of freaking me out
Cazza, on April 12, 2010 at 9:13 am said:
Three letters: *PPL*, I miss her.
I kinda miss the days when Aragano was around. Oregano, we barely knew thee.
Ang, on April 12, 2010 at 10:47 am said:
I miss Oregano too! I was just thinking this last week when I saw him on a Will and Grace rerun and was wondering….what is he up to now?
I WILL FIND OUT!
tuesdaymidnight, on April 12, 2010 at 9:39 am said:
I miss bobbygee. 😦
unintendedchoice, on April 12, 2010 at 9:45 am said:
AWWW me too… I will do an update on him soon….
operarose, on April 12, 2010 at 9:51 am said:
I was going to say, what happened to the futebol dude? Where are the random, existential ramblings? Where’s the “gotta love it” and big stinkers? I need that first thing in the morning. These days just aren’t the same.
lapushbaby, on April 12, 2010 at 10:54 am said:
Yes, I miss BobbyGee, always hitting the nail on the head, and succinctly….
TeamSeth, on April 12, 2010 at 9:45 pm said:
Me three! Sigh. Good old bobbygee.
I was just thinking the other day that Amandah was looking pretty tame compared to girls flying to Budapest to stalk Rob, those who devote their lives to hardcore Robsten or Nonsten activities, and, well, for that matter, girls who write UC/Moon bitchy letters instructing them to review 100 monkeys. (why?!)
But thank you for that reminder. The “good old days” are never as good as we think they were… Amandah is just as crazy as the rest. Albeit in a slightly more interesting and slightly less “I’m afraid you’re a serial killer” way than insaniac Twihards tend to be.
chochang, on April 12, 2010 at 2:07 pm said:
does kristen count in the “girls flying to Budapest to stalk Rob” category?
ha! bring on the pitchforks!
Sj, on April 12, 2010 at 10:03 am said:
This is my first encounter with AmanDUH.
I am now going to disconnect from the internet, shut down the comp., possibly get my electricity cut off, lock all doors and windows, pull the curtains and immerse myself in grade A brain bleach for as long as it takes.
Everything is…..tainted.
UC, thank you for sharing this specialness.
And I’m assuming she will be involved in BD The Musical. Oh my.
of COURSE she will! and i’m so sorry we didn’t introduce you earlier!
FacePunch, on April 12, 2010 at 10:30 am said:
*sings to the tune of Strawberry Fields Forever*
Let me take you down, ’cause we’re going to visit Buttcrack Santa
Drank from tiny bottles, and knew how to make a kitty meow.
Buttcrack Santa Forever.
operarose, on April 12, 2010 at 11:44 am said:
Nice song – now we just need a youtube video of you singing it to be complete!
I love your avatar by the way. I truly think that was one of the best moments of any movie. Ever.
Thanks! But if I posted a vid of me singing it, it would probably break YouTube! 😀
Glad you like my avi… and that moment in the movie kills me, too. Just the look on her face. Priceless.
I had actually forgotten about Amanduh, and our plans to make our own re-creation videos of Twilight. I think I was going to offer up my cats to walk around in the background, looking disinterested and licking themselves.
Now that I have been reminded of her again, what is the time frame to forget again? About 6 months? Hmmm.
Janetrigs, on April 12, 2010 at 11:07 am said:
Umm wow. I loves this.
KinkyKiss, on April 12, 2010 at 11:36 am said:
What happen to Illegal??
I miss her and sparkled cupcakes…
I also miss eddie! He was fun
The Old One, on April 12, 2010 at 12:21 pm said:
Also MIA: Fangbanger and StotheP. Could they possibly have MORE IMPORTANT things to do than write hilariously snarky comments for us? I certainly hope not.
fangbanger, on April 12, 2010 at 12:41 pm said:
Me, Pizz, Illegal & Bobbygee ran away together.
We felt unwelcome and started a fic writing twitter club. It’s WAY cooler.
PS. I’m kidding, mostly. Bobbygee isn’t on twitter… that I know of. Although he does email me the link to his website every morning.
PPS. I’m just mega bogged down w/ hw.
PPPS. Lovely post, UC. I miss this site and you commentors sometimes. And the complete waste of a day that I could accomplish here. 🙂
Miss you too flanspanker! And IWL…if I mention the sock puppets can I lure her out of hiding? Come back everybody!
The Old One, on April 12, 2010 at 1:18 pm said:
You and BobbyGee, huh? I guess it had to happen sometime, being together like that every day, working the same blog. You can deny all you want, we know that a denial is a confirmation. And I’ve seen the pap photos. Tell him he can come out of hiding, and we’ll still recognize him even if he’s grown a beard.
illegalwolflover, on April 12, 2010 at 1:47 pm said:
I’m here! I’m here! *waves excitedly*
Sorry…I’ve been real busy cause I moved back home to Sri Lanka and lo and behold I suddenly have something called a social life (booooooo)
Also Bobbygee is a pretty demanding dude. (eewwwww)
I’ve MISSED you guys….*sniff*
p.s. Whatever happened to Illegalautner? They were amazing together no? In their land of unicorns and chocolate trees….
The hamster is tired of meeting people…
SJ, on April 12, 2010 at 6:30 pm said:
At least make sure you give us wedding news. I want to be sure to wear my formal jorts on the day in honour…*pulling out sewing machine and sparkly lace*….just let me know if you need a garter.
I think I DID find a bobby gee twitter account once! when i do my research for WHAT HAPPENED TO… part duex, I’ll find out:)
StotheP, on April 12, 2010 at 1:47 pm said:
Definitely not more important, but I’ve certainly had more annoying things to do. Stupid work is stupid. My coworker quit suddenly and I’ve been all alone in the office, unable to do more than lurk occasionally.
Great post, UC. Just this morning I heard “Closer” by KOL and thought how images of Amanduh writhing and wailing on her couch had damn neared ruined that entire album for me. Where does one purchase brain bleach?
And now I’m going to have the Full House theme song in my head all day! Teehee.
snowwhitedrifted, on April 12, 2010 at 2:39 pm said:
I enjoy seeing your avi’s again. C’mon guys, put off real life and say funny stuff again.
Yeah, good to know you’re still with us.
Would post some BB express but I seem to have run out.
Midnight_Cyn, on April 12, 2010 at 11:39 am said:
myria101, on April 12, 2010 at 12:35 pm said:
If I can recall correctly, I agreed with UC that the 100Monkeys were a terrible band way back when she had the post about them. At the time, all that I had heard of them was their random Monster de Lux album and videos posted on YouTube.
I have since changed my opinion of them. I actually like the 100Monkeys now and think that it’s fun that Jackson can make up songs on the spot about any prompt you give him.
Jackson may even be above TayLaut in my “Boys o’ Twilight” love book. (Yeah, I said it, Amber. And no, I don’t really have a book.) I do also think that the boy needs a haircut. I usually like the “dirty boy” look, but not the “I-really-don’t-give-a-shit, they’ll-still-wanna-bang-me” look.
I know that we’re all snarky on here, but I do also believe that Coco’s email was a little out of line. Do your research before lashing out. If everyone did this, then there wouldn’t be a need to be bitchy at all.
I’m a lover, not a fighter. We all have our own opinions. Just because someone does or doesn’t like a band that you do, doesn’t mean that they’re a bad person.
I’m personally super excited that in less than 2 weeks I’ll be seeing 100Monkeys in Dallas on back-to-back nights!! I’ve seen the guys a few times and they’re all so nice to their fans and just really down to earth guys who just like to make music. The definition of “music” is different for everyone. Keep that in mind.
glad you love them Myria! hearts!
Hearts, UC!! :]
Ashley Frag, on April 12, 2010 at 1:04 pm said:
LOL………………….MOON’S BDAY PRESENT!!!!!!!!!!.
HILARIOUS. That image will be the fuel that gets me through the rest of my day. Oh, JAX.
Where’d the pretty go?
:*( I was Team Jasper for a split second a year ago.
xo Ash
Awe, but we still get to see Buttcrack Santa on the Seinfeld rerun.
JodieO, on April 12, 2010 at 5:50 pm said:
Let’s just change ‘blood and guts’ to ‘raspberry scones’!
Zees84, on April 12, 2010 at 1:31 pm said:
Where’s the Mom who wrote a song about how her daughter is in love with Robert Pattinson?
This information is vital to my life.
ohh she left a comment on LTR semi-recently sharing how the song opened doors for her daughter…. i felt… awkward… (i didn’t ask)
Katie S, on April 12, 2010 at 2:45 pm said:
I’m officially creeped out for the day.
Ok, LTT girls! I have an off topic question for you (and since there is no better resource on what to do with my time, I come to you all):
100 (or 1000? or 100001?) Monkeys will be playing at a venue near me tomorrow. To go or not to go? That IS the question. Now, I know many of you do not enjoy Jacksper’s band. I have never heard them. I’d clearly being going just to be a weird fan (I might have to wear a disguise). What would LTT do (WWLTTD)???
If you have the chance, you should probably go, just to see what all the fuss is about. If it sucks, you can always leave. If it doesn’t suck, then that’s a bonus. And you can report back to us!
I think Jacksper should be my rebound guy.
GO GO GO!!!!!!! Just because I hate them and think they’re a fraudulent band taking advantage of their band members fame (watch it with the thumbs-downs monkeys fans, I may know things you don’t know…. 🙂 ) that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t experience them for yourself!!!
BRING EARPLUGS.
EmilyB, on April 12, 2010 at 11:20 pm said:
You should go! I had such a blast at the show in Des Moines. The tickets were so cheap and it was a lot of fun! I took a friend with me (the same one I dragged to a Twi convention) who had never heard the band’s music, but she loved it just because the guys have so much energy. Make sure to watch for Marty’s roaming banana hands…
kitkat, on April 12, 2010 at 3:21 pm said:
To be even more off topic than Katie S above:
I was in bio today and we were talking about chromosome pairs and how humans have twenty three. Some one PLEASE tell me I’m Normal because when my professor mentioned that other species have different numbers my brain immediately went to “oh yeah, vampires have 25 and werewolves have 24.”
Normal, right? Right?!
Totally normal. But my mind immediately jumps to Fake Vampire Science and how we can twist Real Science to make the existence of vampires plausible. Because some would argue that a creature that has no cell division or reproduction would not need or have chromosomes. But they would be wrong, because SMeyer said they had them, and she is the authority.
I love you brain. And I love yours, too, kitkat.
*your brain, even.
I think I like “I love you brain” better. I ❤ you, too! And your brain!
I love vampire science. I was wondering, if a vampire bites but doesn’t kill an animal do they turn into vampire animals? There could be some crazy hampsters out there (oh, no offense IWL). They could have made a whole hampster army to battle the newborns. Maybe in the musical..
eatmyjorts, on April 12, 2010 at 6:40 pm said:
Or in the Twilight Sock Puppet Travelling Theatre Company? Squees excitedly & gets out very small knitting needles…
The TSPTTC? I’m excitesd.
kitkat, on April 13, 2010 at 11:45 am said:
Can I just say I love how crafty you are? Jorts, lace, tiny knitting needles… A woman after my own heart!
I saw a movie, maybe it was called “The Littlest Vampire” or something like that, about a kid who becomes vampire, and in it a herd of cows gets turned into flying vampire cows, with glowing red eyes, and as they fly overhead like a flock of birds, things get covered with, well, you know, cow-patties. Very amusing! But that’s all I really remember of the movie.
Yeah, and it would be great if they could work something like that into the final showdown with the Volturi in Breaking Dawn, the Musical.
Did you mention this to him, because he may have gaps in his knowledge even though he’s a Professor.
PS. Also ‘love all you brains’.
Luludee, on April 12, 2010 at 6:47 pm said:
LOVE this kitkat. Completely Normal! 😉
Maybe it’s just me, but I didn’t think Coco’s letter was rude; just snarky. Clearly she loves her some Jackson, and who can blame her? 😉
But, having never heard anything from 100 Monkeys, and based on how bad everyone says it is, it could be that just asking you to go to a show could be considered “bitchy”, lol.
Yes, not bitchy. But who knows, being asked to see the show could be a huge insult!
Also, I think it’s good to feel uncomfortable, ie. incredibly embarrassed for someone else, if only so that you feel a little bit better about your own life. Therefore, I shall be clicking on some of those AmanDUH links later this evening.
And I’d like to thank AmanDUH for making me feel normal.
Keisha, on April 12, 2010 at 7:17 pm said:
I think I just saw Butt Crack Santa on Scrubs.
Maybe we should do an entire Buttcrack Santa sightings (then and now) comment day
AND how about whatever happened to N. Reed and K. Stew being Fake Lesbian BFFs?? You never see those two together now and they were best friends.
cledbo, on April 13, 2010 at 2:25 am said:
didn’t they have a totally emo melodramatic falling out because RPattz *allegedly* started screwing the Stew after *allegedly* having a fling with the Reed?
*allegedly*
I think KStew is fakelesbian with Dakota Fanning now. They pashed and everything.
Julie, on April 13, 2010 at 4:46 pm said:
Bella would never say butt crack … Too low class. She would just be embarrassed- like I was when they said that in the movie.
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Lieutenant Commander Julia Griffin’s recent appointment to lead the HMAS Maitland sees her take command of one of the 11 patrol boats in the Darwin area, another of which is already led by her husband Lieutenant Commander Khan Beaumont
This couple has just made Australian military history
by Alicia Perera, alicia.perera@news.com.au
8th Dec 2019 12:39 PM
A naval couple stationed in Darwin have made Royal Australian Navy history by becoming the first married couple in the force to command patrol vessels at the same time.
Lieutenant Commander Julia Griffin's recent appointment to lead the HMAS Maitland sees her take command of one of the 11 patrol boats in the Darwin area, another of which is already led by her husband Lieutenant Commander Khan Beaumont
Lt-Cdr Beaumont lead the HMAS Ararat for about 18 months after serving as second in charge on-board several other vessels.
Lt-Cdr Griffin said as someone with a lifelong passion for boats and the ocean, taking up command was an exciting career opportunity for her.
"I guess it was the next step for me and the next challenge," she said. "I'm certainly proud of what Khan's achieving and I'm proud of what I've achieved.
"It's an honour to have been selected to be commander of an Australian warship and the competent and professional men and women that we're going to be in charge of."
Lt-Cdr Beaumont said the couple, who are on the cusp of their ninth wedding anniversary, were pleased but unphased to be making RAN history with their appointments.
"We just do what we do - it's hard to describe," he said.
The couple's vessels will patrol Australia's northern waters to protect national interests in areas such as illegal immigration, fishing and imports and exports.
Command posts generally last for two years, but the couple - who already spend long periods apart because of work - said for them it was about the quality not quantity of time they spent together. "It just makes us stronger as a team," said Lt-Cdr Beaumont.
Royal Australian Navy Captain of Patrol Boats Captain Alex Hawes said the couple were examples of "the truly outstanding officers and sailors that work within the patrol boat community, and of Navy's support to its people to achieve their potential".
"Navy is proud of both officers and of the entire patrol boat community, working to protect Australia's borders and offshore maritime interests," he said.
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Tackling labor shortage
The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) is poised to help Vietnam both create more job opportunities and improve the quality of her labor force. However, the road ahead is really tough.
In order to develop the supporting industries and the production of materials for the textile and garment sector, in addition to technology, human resources are a key issue
Nguyen Hai Minh, vice chairman of EuroCham, says the strict rules of origin stipulated in the EVFTA will change [in one way or another] the global value chain. Many enterprises involved in the supply chain—such as textile and garments, footwear and electronics—may relocate their production facilities to Vietnam to enjoy tariff advantages given to their exports to the EU.
Moreover, the trade pact—together with the Investment Protection Agreement (IPA)—will also help European companies, in particular small and medium ones, gain more confidence in their investment decisions in Vietnam.
Take for example, the textile and garment industry which is deemed to reap the biggest benefit with the signing of the EVFTA. As Vietnam’s textile and garment sector mostly does subcontracting jobs which earn the lowest added value in the value chain, the sector’s relevant in-country supporting industries—like accessories, weaving and dyeing—are weak and thus necessary products have to be imported to the country. Meanwhile, the EVFTA imposes very stringent regulations on rules of origin. To enjoy the tariff incentives, enterprises must move their supply chain facilities to Vietnam.
To seize these opportunities, the textile and garment industry must look forward to a more comprehensive development. As a result, the sustainable competitiveness in the industry should rely not only on cheap labor but also modern and more flexible production chains, or the capacity to produce fiber and fabric. In other words, the industry must strive to attain a higher rate of localization.
“A higher demand for labor supply will induce a change in the quality of labor in the new context,” says Minh. “This is a hard problem for the economy.”
Pham Hong Quan, Asia-Pacific HR head of Piaggio Group and a member of EuroCham, maintains that although Vietnam’s labor quality has been better so far, much must be done to further improve it in the coming time.
“Human resources development has been viewed with short-termism,” Quan says. “Corporate leadership skills are not so good in general. Moreover, as the large proportion of workers were born in the baby booming era, their IT accessibility and application skills remain limited.”
On the other hand, workers’ ability to teach themselves new skills is another weakness of the local labor pool, says Quan, explaining that they mainly rely on personal experience to analyze and evaluate problems to find a solution rather than making use of what is done by the corporate circles in the world.
According to EuroCham, a rather big gap can be seen between what European firms expect their work force to be able to do and what the latter is actually able to do. The lack of qualified personnel is yet another disadvantage faced by the labor market of Vietnam.
Minh adds that European firms impose stringent regulations on labor recruitment. The most common criteria include professional skills, experience, capability and foreign language command.
Soft skills—such as communicative skills, the ability to work under pressure and flexibility—are also required by Europeans employers.
The shortage of skilled labor in Vietnam applies not only to European firms but also companies nationwide. A research project conducted by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) shows that 55% of the polled enterprises say they find it difficult to recruit high-skilled personnel. Another survey shows 85% of the respondents claim that recruitment of senior managerial positions is a really tough problem.
“Such quality of the labor market cannot be a springboard for the work force in the economy in the coming time, especially in Industry 4.0,” says Vu Tien Loc, VCCI chairman.
Training must be the norm
Experts contend that the shortage of qualified labor will become ever more serious as the EVFTA is implemented. To tackle the problem, training may be a solution.
To have enough skilled labor, some enterprises and business associations have to train their own work force or cooperate with universities.
Truong Van Cam, general secretary of the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association, says in order to develop the supporting industries and the production of materials for the textile and garment sector, in addition to technology, human resources are a key issue. Some enterprises have come to failure as they could not find a skilled work force capable of meeting requirements.
“That’s why our association has worked with universities to solve this problem,” says Cam. “However, dyeing remains a hard nut to crack because few training institutions can meet the demand.”
Similar to textile and garments, the woodwork industry is thought to benefit from the EVFTA as it can both bolster exports to the European market and import quality machinery from countries such as Italy, Germany and Spain at lower prices due to lower tariffs.
According to Nguyen Quoc Khanh, chairman of the Handicraft and Wood Industry Association of HCMC (HAWA), new technological investment will soon spur the demand for applicants who can use equipment and work in a new environment. Khanh says HAWA has been implementing its training programs to help workers sharpen their skills. If these efforts can be undertaken jointly, satisfying the demand of the new technology wave could be easier.
In reality, enterprises training their own work force or cooperating with universities in coming up with suitable training curricula is a new approach pursued not only in Vietnam but also countries worldwide.
A survey administered by ManpowerGroup, a U.S.-based recruitment service, shows that talents have become so rare that enterprises have to train them. In 2011, 21% of employers had to upgrade the skills of their work force. This rate soared to 54% now and projected to rise to 84% next year.
Building their own work force and improving its skills have been a common approach of many employers, says Simon Matthews, CEO of ManpowerGroup Vietnam, Thailand and the Middle East. To be able to train recruits on the most necessary skill they want, employers must focus on the learning ability, he says.
The participation of the private sector in the training for the labor market on the one hand helps the educational sector meet market demand and on the other ensures the output for graduates from training institutions. However, Vietnam’s vocational training system is still faced with difficulties as a consequence of capital and mechanisms. At the same time, enterprises engaging in the training together with schools are still waiting for incentives.
“We need incentives to boost activities in vocational training,” says Minh. “Incentives can be either in the form of tax reliefs or streamlined administrative procedures.” Minh further clarifies his point by giving the following example. When a foreign-invested enterprises initiates a new operation which is not its core business, it is often asked to answer the question as to whether new operation is a new trade. What’s more, the registration procedures are still unknown.
“I hope the concerned authorities will have the appropriate legal framework,” says Minh.
The EuroCham vice chairman also suggests that there should be more dialogues between the private sector and the public sector. Those talks can be in two forms—national and provincial levels, he says. Enterprises in different provinces may have different needs for their human resources in accordance with the flows of capital investment. SGT
Vu Dung
EVFTA to bring Vietnamese logistics firms both opportunities and challenges
Vietnamese logistics companies need to improve their competitiveness to stay afloat when the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) comes into effect, according to experts.
EVFTA: a 'highway' with many toll collection stations
The EU Vietnam free trade agreement (EVFTA) has been compared to a highway which allows businesses to go faster and boost their exports.
Experts issue warning about the EVFTA
The benefits brought by EVFTA, CPTPP and other free trade agreements are described as ‘tonics’ and ‘supplements’ for Vietnam.
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44 Document(s) [ Subject: Emergency management ]
Committee: Senate Agriculture, Water, and Rural Affairs
Title: Interim Report - Hurricane Harvey
Subjects: Addicks Reservoir | Barker Reservoir | Dams and levees | Emergency communications | Emergency management | Flood control | Flooding | Rain and rainfall | Reservoirs | Texas State Water Plan |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 Ag86r
Online version: View report [140 pages]
1. Study and make recommendations on how to move forward with water infrastructure projects in the State Water Plan that will help mitigate floods through flood control, diversion, and storage projects. Evaluate plans for a possible third reservoir in addition to Addicks and Barker to control and alleviate additional flooding in the region. Additionally, review the current status of reservoir projects in Texas. Examine opportunities for coordination between federal and state agencies to develop flood mitigation infrastructure, and the ongoing maintenance and restoration of critical dam infrastructure.
2. Study and identify ways to improve the capacity and maintain the structure of the Addicks and Barker Reservoirs. Report on mechanisms that would ensure the public has access to timely and transparent release figures from reservoirs across the state.
3. Evaluate current state data-sharing standards for rainfall and stream gauges and whether regional flood management projects and flood warnings should be hosted in a centralized location, such as a state agency web page. Determine whether a statewide real-time flood warning system could be developed and coordinated through mobile devices, TxDOT electronic signage, communication devices and whether existing local and regional forecasting infrastructure could be integrated into a centralized inclement weather forecasting system.
Subjects: Addicks Reservoir | Agriculture | Barker Reservoir | Dams and levees | Emergency communications | Emergency management | Environmental permits | Environmental Quality, Texas Commission on | Flood control | Flooding | Groundwater | Groundwater conservation districts | Occupational licenses | Rain and rainfall | Reservoirs | River authorities | Texas State Water Plan | Water rights |
4. Streamlining Water Permitting: Study and recommend changes that promote streamlining of water right permit issuance and the amendment process by the TCEQ for surface water, and that promote uniform and streamline permitting by groundwater conservation districts for groundwater. Evaluate more transparent process needs and proper valuation of water.
5. Regulatory Framework of Groundwater Conservation Districts and River Authorities: Study and make recommendations on the regulatory framework for managing groundwater in Texas to ensure that private property rights are being sufficiently protected. Study the role of river authorities and groundwater conservation districts including the state's oversight role of their operations and fees imposed.
6. Agricultural Fees: Review licensing, permitting, or registration requirements and fees imposed on the agriculture industry by licensing agencies within the committee's jurisdiction. Make recommendations for state licenses and fees that should be reduced, repealed or transitioned to private-sector enforcement.
7. Monitoring: Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Water & Rural Affairs during the 85th Legislature, Regular Session, including, but not limited to: • SB 1511 (prioritization in the regional water plan); • SB 1538 (Floodplain Management Account uses); • SB 864 (GCD application of state water); • HB 2004 (Texas economic development fund for TDA); and • HB 3433 (adoption of rules affecting rural communities. Make recommendations for any legislative improvements needed to improve, enhance, or complete implementation including regional water planning, flood planning, and groundwater production.)
Committee: Senate Business and Commerce
Subjects: Electric utilities | Electric utility deregulation | Electric utility rates and charges | Emergency management | Flood insurance | Flood plains | Health insurance | Health insurance exchanges | Home equity lines of credit | Home equity loans | Hurricane Harvey | Mortgages | Natural disasters | Occupational licenses | Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act | Privacy | Social networking websites | Texas Constitution | Wills and estates |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 B963
1. Study infrastructure security and energy restoration post weather events. Identify ways state government entities can help utilities more effectively stage pre-hurricane mobilization crews for managing resources before an event.
2. Examine state mortgage requirements regarding the notification of homebuyers on their need for flood insurance in flood plains and flood pool areas and make recommendations on how to better inform consumers.
3. Examine local government regulations, including occupational licenses, as related to Hurricane Harvey and determine if any are a detriment to rebuilding efforts.
4. Examine and make recommendations on the need for changes to the Texas Constitution for home equity lenders to offer various forms of relief to Texas homeowners affected by natural disasters including, among others, the authority to enter into deferment agreements. This examination should include a study of home equity rules regarding negotiation, modification and refinancing and whether constitutionally established time periods can be waived in times of disasters.
5. Free Market Electricity: Examine the competitive nature of the Texas retail electric system and what government competitive intrusions in the free energy markets may have in distorting those markets. Review the impact of competitive versus noncompetitive retail electricity markets across the state in terms of price and reliability. Consider the projected impact of establishing competitive electric retail markets statewide.
6. Health Insurance Market Stability: Study the factors affecting health insurance markets in Texas, particularly the individual market, including federal and state law. Make recommendations that would result in increased stability in the markets and enhance value and affordability for individual consumers and businesses. Examine what steps the state needs to take to allow out-of-state health insurance sales. In developing its recommendations, the committee should consider the flexibility afforded to states by 1332 "state innovation" waivers, which allow states to modify or eliminate tax penalties associated with individual and employer coverage mandates; modify requirements for benefits and subsidies; and find alternative ways to provide benefit plan choices, determine eligibility for subsidies, and enroll consumers.
7. Licensing and Fees: Review licensing requirements and fees imposed on entities within the committee's jurisdiction. Make recommendations for state licenses and fees that should be reduced, repealed or transitioned to private-sector enforcement.
8. Social Media Access: Study access issues regarding digital assets of decedents. Study social media privacy laws and whether job applicants and students' privacy is jeopardized under current law.
9. Examine the 2018 electric reliability forecasts announced by ERCOT and review how expected diminished reserve markets will impact the rates of residential and business consumers. Monitor current mechanisms available to ERCOT to ensure grid reliability, identify trends in the wholesale electric market, and make recommendations to maintain grid reliability moving forward.
10. Monitoring Charge: Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Business and Commerce during the 85th Legislature, Regular Session, including: • The implementation of legislation to deregulate occupational licensing; • The settlement of out-of-network health benefit claims involving balance billing and patient's explanation of benefits statements; and • Make recommendations regarding any additional legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/ or complete implementation.
Committee: House Corrections
Subjects: Alternatives to incarceration | Communicable diseases | Criminal justice | Criminal Justice, Texas Department of | Disease management | Disease preparedness | Disease prevention | Emergency management | Ex-offenders | Hot weather | Hurricane Harvey | Inmate lawsuits | Inmate sexual assaults | Natural disasters | Pardons and Paroles, Texas Board of | Parole | Prison Rape Elimination Act | Probation | Recidivism | Social workers | State jail system | Women | Women inmates | Youthful offenders |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 C817
1. Evaluate the Texas Department of Criminal Justice response to Hurricane Harvey. Recommend any changes that could improve the operational stability of state criminal justice institutions following a natural disaster and changes that would allow for a more effective response.
2. Examine the use of social workers and peer support specialists in the Texas criminal justice system to assist individuals on probation, on parole, or who have been discharged, in order to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes. Identify best practices and make recommendations for legislative action.
3. Examine the current Texas criminal justice system policies and practices regarding 17- to 25- year-olds, specific to probation, parole, state jail confinement, and discharge from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice or county jail. Review any gaps in services that may be causing this population to recidivate. Make recommendations to improve the state's response to the needs of this population in order to lower revocation, re-arrest, and re-incarceration rates.
4. Examine treatment options, services, and programs available to women in institutional settings, on community supervision, on parole, and in community-based programs. Make recommendations for best strategies to address the needs of women in the Texas criminal justice system.
5. Review the Texas state jail system. Examine its original intent, sentencing guidelines, effectiveness, and recidivism rates. Make recommendations for changes in the state jail system. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence)
6. Study policies and protocols within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Examine when protocols are implemented and their efficacy in protecting the health and safety of inmates and state employees.
7. Review assessments used by the Board of Pardons and Paroles and parole panels to determine an inmate's risk of recidivism for purposes of granting parole and the use of GPS technology to monitor offenders.
8. Monitor Texas prison system heat-related litigation currently making its way through the courts. Monitor Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) compliance within Texas state and county criminal justice facilities.
9. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature.
Committee: House County Affairs
Subjects: Alternatives to incarceration | Counties | County budgets | County employees | Criminal justice | Emergency management | Flood control | Flooding | Hurricane Harvey | Infrastructure | Land use regulations | Mentally ill inmates | Natural disasters | Salaries |
1. Examine how emergency response activities are organized, funded, and coordinated. Review the impact of natural disasters on county finances. Identify any deficiencies in authority for the most populous counties related to infrastructure planning, emergency response, and recovery. Explore ways to improve efficiencies and manage costs while protecting public safety. Additionally, study the relationship between the state, counties, non-governmental organizations, and churches in preparing for and responding to Hurricane Harvey and its aftermath, and determine if preparedness plans are adequate.
2. Evaluate whether counties have the necessary ordinance-making and enforcement authority to deal with flood risk in unincorporated rural and suburban areas of Texas. Additionally, examine whether counties have adequate resources and authority to ensure that new development in unincorporated areas is not susceptible to flooding.
3. Study how counties identify defendants' and inmates' behavioral health needs and deferral opportunities to appropriate rehabilitative and transition services. Consider models for ensuring defendants and inmates with mental illness receive appropriate services upon release from the criminal justice system.
4. Review the population limitations found in Local Government Code Section 154.041 and Local Government Code Section 113.047. Determine if counties with a population below 190,000 could benefit from the population limitations being removed.
Committee: House Culture, Recreation, and Tourism
Subjects: Bees | Boating | Economic impact | Emergency management | Historic preservation | Historical Commission, Texas | Hurricane Harvey | Monarch butterflies | Natural disasters | Parks and Wildlife, Texas Department of | State parks | Tourism |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 R245
1. Review the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's and the Texas Historical Commission's roles in the response to Hurricane Harvey. Evaluate the economic, recreational, and biological impacts and needed repairs from Harvey as they relate to applicable state agencies and the following areas and industries under the purview of the Committee: a. State parks b. Wildlife and fish c. Historic sites and buildings d. Art and cultural resources e. Travel and tourism f. In addition, provide recommendations on how to allow for a timely recovery of these areas from Harvey, and how to mitigate the impact of, and adequately prepare for, future natural disasters.
2. Study the feasibility of establishing and mobilizing a volunteer contingency of private boat owners through the boat registration and license database administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to assist first responders in search and rescue efforts in natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey.
3. Study the effects of declining migratory species, such as the monarch butterfly, as well as native and domesticated bee populations on agricultural production and its economic impact on the state. Identify possible causes of the population changes and monitor national trends. Make recommendations on how to improve and promote monarch butterfly and bee populations and habitats in the state. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Agriculture & Livestock)
Committee: House Defense and Veterans' Affairs
Subjects: Aerospace industry | Base realignment and closure | Defense Economic Adjustment Assistant Grants | Emergency management | Homelessness | Hurricane Harvey | Mental health services | Military bases | Veterans | Veterans' health care |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 D361
1. Evaluate the impact of Hurricane Harvey related to the Texas Military Department, Emergency Management Council, and the Texas Division of Emergency Management. Recommend any changes that could improve operational stability and the reaction of these agencies following a natural disaster and changes that would allow for a more effective response.
2. Assess ways the State of Texas can further aid federal military installations and their communities in order to minimize the negative consequences of a Base Realignment and Closure round by the federal government.
3. Examine best practices related to use of the Defense Economic Adjustment Assistance Grant program to maximize support for military installations, and how the state can better serve military installations in Texas. Also, evaluate changes that would increase utilization of the Texas Military Revolving Loan Fund.
4. Study the economic impact of the aviation, aerospace, & defense manufacturing industry in Texas and the state's ability to facilitate industry job growth and investment. Review the relationship between the economic vitality of industry and military veterans transitioning into the workforce. Determine existing and potential barriers to the retention and expansion of the manufacturing industry in the state and the broader economic implications it may have on workforce readiness, as well as veteran employment and support services. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Economic & Small Business Development)
5. Examine the needs of homeless veterans in Texas. Examine obstacles veterans may face finding housing across the state. Recommend measures to bolster the state's efforts to address veteran homelessness in Texas.
6. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, review the implementation of S.B. 27 (85R) and the related Veterans Mental Health Program, as well as S.B. 578 (85R) and the development of the Veterans Suicide Prevention Action Plan.
Committee: House Government Transparency and Operation
Subjects: Emergency management | Hurricane Harvey | Natural disasters | Open government | Public Information Act, Texas | State agencies | State government contracts | State purchasing |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 G747t
1. Examine the role of technology in disaster preparedness and the response to Hurricane Harvey and future natural disasters. Review and make recommendations to drive innovation and efficiency and evaluate whether there are any regulatory impediments to collaboration between the public and private sectors.
2. Evaluate whether qualifying state agencies are appropriately utilizing available state disaster recovery services, including the statewide technology centers. Consider the costs and benefits of allowing other states to participate in Texas' statewide technology centers under Subchapter L, Chapter 2054, Texas Government Code for disaster recovery purposes.
3. Review Texas’ open meeting laws and related government decision-making policies. Determine if the formal processes prevented the efficient delivery of assistance during Hurricane Harvey. Make recommendations on maintaining the current standards of accountability without limiting government-provided aid during disaster events.
4. Evaluate whether, in light of recent Texas Supreme Court rulings, the provisions of the Public Information Act are adequate to support transparency and accountability in government, particularly as it relates to government contracting and procurement.
5. Study how state agencies can share knowledge and practices, reduce duplicative data gathering, and conduct business in a more efficient manner through interagency data sharing. Review best practices to provide the public with more transparency and access to government information.
6. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee will also specifically monitor the implementation of H.B. 8 (85R).
Committee: Senate Health and Human Services
Subjects: Child abuse | Child Protective Services | Emergency management | Employees Retirement System of Texas | Family and Protective Services, Texas Department of | Foster care | Health and Human Services Commission, Texas | Health care costs | Healthy Texas Women | Hurricane Harvey | Insurance, Texas Department of | Juvenile justice system | Managed care | Medicaid | Natural disasters | Opioids | Prescription drugs | Public health | State Health Services, Texas Department of | Substance abuse | Teacher Retirement System of Texas |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 H349
1. Review the state's response to Hurricane Harvey with a focus on public health efforts at the local and state level. The review should include an analysis of the state and local response related to vector control, immunization needs, utilization of health-related volunteers, adequacy of an emergency medical network, evacuation of vulnerable populations from state operated or regulated facilities, and coordination between all levels of government. Recommend any legislative changes necessary to improve public health response and coordination during and after a disaster.
2. Evaluate the impact of Hurricane Harvey on the capacity of out-of-home placements and care for youth involved with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. Determine how the state can ensure support is available to provide appropriate care as close to home as possible as facilities and offices are rebuilt.
3. Child Welfare: Review the efficacy and quality of services offered to ensure family preservation while in the Family Based Social Services (FESS) stage of service at the Department of Family and Protective Services. Make recommendations to better track quality of services and link payments to providers of these services to outcomes for families and children. Analyze the Department of Family and Protective Services' progress in meeting statutory requirements related to timely visits to children involved in a reported case of abuse or neglect. Make recommendations to further improve the timeliness of these visits. Review services and supports provided to children in Permanent Managing Conservatorship of the state, and the level of preparedness given to youth aging out of state care. Examine the impact of recent legislation related to these populations, and make recommendations to ensure youth in care are ready for adulthood and to reduce the likelihood of intergenerational perpetuation of child maltreatment. Assess the effectiveness of public and private agency efforts to recruit and retain foster parents. Identify barriers to entry and obstacles that prevent interested families from continuing to provide foster care. Recommend solutions to increase foster recruitment and address non-renewals, especially in first-time foster parents.
4. Substance Abuse/Opioids: Review substance use prevention, intervention, and recovery programs operated or funded by the state and make recommendations to enhance services, outreach, and agency coordination. Examine the adequacy of substance use, services for pregnant and postpartum women enrolled in Medicaid or the Healthy Texas Women Program and recommend ways to improve substance use related health outcomes for these women and their newborns. Examine the impact of recent legislative efforts to curb overprescribing and doctor shopping via the prescription monitoring program and recommend ways to expand on current efforts.
5. Medicaid Managed Care Quality and Compliance: Review the Health and Human Services Commission's efforts to improve quality and efficiency in the Medicaid program, including pay-for-quality initiatives in Medicaid managed care. Compare alternative payment models and value-based payment arrangements with providers in Medicaid managed care, the Employees Retirement System, and the Teachers Retirement System, and identify areas for cross-collaboration and coordination among these entities. Evaluate the commission's efforts to ensure Medicaid managed care organizations' compliance with contractual obligations and the use of incentives and sanctions to enforce compliance. Assess the commission's progress in implementing competitive bidding practices for Medicaid managed care contracts and other initiatives to ensure the best value for taxpayer dollars used in Medicaid managed care contracts.
6. Health Care Cost Transparency: Study efforts by the Department of State Health Services and the Texas Department of Insurance to increase health care cost transparency, including a review of the Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC) system, and the Consumer Guide to Healthcare. Recommend ways to make provider and facility fees more accessible to consumers to improve health care cost transparency, increase quality of care, and create a more informed health care consumer base.
7. Monitoring Charge: Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Health and Human Services, 85th Legislature and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation, including but not limited to: • Initiatives to increase capacity and reduce waitlists in the mental health system, including the construction of state hospitals and new community grant programs; • Initiatives to better understand the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, including the impact of legislation passed during the first special session of the 85th Legislature. Recommend ways to improve health outcomes for pregnant women and methods to better collect data related to maternal mortality and morbidity; • Initiatives intended to improve child safety, Child Protective Services workforce retention, and development of additional capacity in the foster care system. Make additional recommendations to ensure children with high levels of medical or mental health needs receive timely access to services in the least restrictive setting; • Efforts to transfer case management of foster children and families to Single Source Continuum Contractors (SSCCs). Monitor the progress of this transition and make recommendations to ensure the process provides continuity of services for children and families and ongoing community engagement; • Initiatives to strengthen oversight oflong-term care facilities to ensure safety and improve quality for residents and clients of these entities; and • Abortion complications and other reporting legislation that was passed by the 85th Legislatu re.
Subjects: Adoption | Assisted living facilities | Child abuse | Child abuse prevention | Child Protective Services | Early childhood intervention | Emergency management | Family preservation | Foster care | Hurricane Harvey | Long-term care | Managed care | Medicaid | Medicaid program management | Mentally ill persons | Natural disasters | Nursing homes | Pharmaceutical industry | Prescription drugs | State supported living centers | Substance abuse | Tropical storms |
1. Study the impact of Hurricane Harvey and the response to the storm on individuals living in long-term care facilities, assisted living facilities, state supported living centers, licensed community group homes, and children in the foster care system. Identify and recommend necessary solutions to ensure appropriate disaster-related protocols are in place to keep vulnerable Texans protected. Also, identify any challenges state agencies experienced in responding to the storm or during recovery efforts.
2. Review the history and any future roll-out of Medicaid Managed Care in Texas. Determine the impact managed care has had on the quality and cost of care. In the review, determine: initiatives that managed care organizations (MCOs) have implemented to improve quality of care; whether access to care and network adequacy contractual requirements are sufficient; and whether MCOs have improved the coordination of care. Also determine provider and Medicaid participants’ satisfaction within STAR, STAR Health, Star Kids, and STAR+Plus managed care programs. In addition, review the Health and Human Services Commission's (HHSC) oversight of managed care organizations, and make recommendations for any needed improvement.
3. Examine the survey process for nursing facilities to determine any duplication of government regulations. Consider recommendations to reduce duplication while ensuring patient safety is preserved.
4. Review the availability of prevention and early intervention programs and determine their effectiveness in reducing maltreatment of children. In addition, review services available to children emancipating out of foster care, as well as services available to families post-adoption. Determine if current services are adequately providing for children's needs and meeting the objectives of the programs. While reviewing possible system improvements for children, follow the work of the Supreme Court of Texas Children's Commissions' Statewide Collaborative of Trauma-Informed Care to determine how trauma-informed care impacts outcomes for children.
5. Analyze the prevalence of children involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) who have a mental illness and/or a substance use disorder. In addition, analyze the prevalence of children involved with CPS due to their guardian's substance abuse or because of an untreated mental illness. Identify methods to strengthen CPS processes and services, including efforts for family preservation; increasing the number of appropriate placements designed for children with high needs; and ensuring Texas Medicaid is providing access to appropriate and effective behavioral health services. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Public Health)
6. Monitor the HHSC's implementation of Rider 219 in Article II of the General Appropriations Act related to prescription drug benefit administration in Medicaid. Analyze the role of pharmacy benefit managers in Texas Medicaid.
7. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee will also closely monitor the implementation of H.B. 4 (85R), H.B. 5 (85R), H.B. 7 (85R), and S.B. 11 (85R).
Committee: Senate Intergovernmental Relations
Subjects: Affordable housing | Bond issues | Disaster relief | Emergency management | Extraterritorial jurisdiction | Federal aid | Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. | Housing | Land use regulations | Legislative process | Municipal annexation | Natural disasters | Public improvement districts | Solid waste disposal | Special taxing districts |
1. Examine and report on ways to improve the coordination of rebuilding housing and infrastructure following a natural disaster, including evaluating additional cost effective options for FEMA to utilize in providing direct housing assistance immediately following a disaster, creation of comprehensive lists of housing opportunities or web portals to disseminate information to survivors, ways to automatically waive local government regulations to facilitate rebuilding, and additional local resources available for rebuilding efforts.
2. Monitor the distribution of federal disaster relief funds related to housing and infrastructure, including community development block grant (CDBG) funds, to ensure the timely dissemination of monies by state entities to local governments for reconstruction efforts. Develop recommendations for any statutory changes necessary to improve the efficiency of disaster recovery efforts, maximize housing and infrastructure funds, and ensure cooperation between private and government partners.
3. Review and recommend options to expedite debris removal, including cutting unnecessary regulation and streamlining the process.
4. Identify and report on existing disaster training opportunities available for local officials and make recommendations for training programs that equip them to efficiently interact with state and federal agencies during times of disaster.
5. ETJ Limitations and Notice: Review the existing regulatory authority granted to home-rule municipalities within the extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ), including practices used by cities to expand ETJ boundaries, and whether proper notification is provided to property owners added to a city's ETJ following an annexation proceeding. Determine the limitations that need to be placed on a city's authority within the ETJ to better protect the private property rights of individuals and landowners, and ways to notify individuals of the impact of being within a city's ETJ. Develop a statewide rule and minimum requirements for such notifications.
6. Housing Affordability: Examine issues that impact housing affordability, including the effect of local government taxes, fees, and mandates. Evaluate the cost of purchasing a single-family residence in different parts of the state, factoring in the impact of local rules and regulations, to identify matters of policy with the greatest influence, and identify ways to increase transparency and awareness prior to the adoption of costly local ordinances or orders.
7. Special Purpose Districts Bond Reform: Study the state agency review of tax exempt bonds issued by special purpose districts and public improvement districts used to finance water and sewer infrastructure in new residential and commercial developments. Examine the disparities that exist between the feasibility review of water and sewer bonds backed by property based assessments and those backed by ad valorem taxes, and make recommendations that ensure the continued stability of the Texas tax exempt bond market by requiring all districts to undergo appropriate reviews prior to issuance.
8. Municipal Management District Uniformity: In conjunction with the appropriate legislative departments, determine whether the development of a template or standardized language for the creation of municipal management districts would provide a more effective means for legislators to ensure new special purpose districts conform to accepted standards and contain appropriate taxpayer oversight.
Committee: House Investments and Financial Services
Subjects: Banks and banking | Consumer credit | Credit reports | Credit scoring | Electronic security | Emergency management | Home equity loans | Hurricane Harvey | Mortgage brokers | Mortgages | Natural disasters |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 In9
1. Review the impact of Hurricane Harvey on financial institutions in Texas and evaluate the response of the state's oversight agencies. Study how Harvey impacted consumers and lenders in the mortgage and home equity markets. Identify opportunities to improve the operational stability of financial institutions and to improve the state's responsiveness following a natural disaster.
2. Study the impact and risks that a large-scale security breach of a credit bureau has on Texans. Identify opportunities to protect Texas consumers and to mitigate the impact of such a breach.
3. Examine mortgage licensure requirements in Texas and identify opportunities to update statute to fit modern mortgage options.
4. Study policy challenges in the area of financial technology. Evaluate the concept of a "sandbox" as a regulatory approach for enabling innovation and the feasibility of implementing such in Texas. If appropriate, make recommendations for possible legislative action to foster innovation in the finance industry.
Committee: House Special Purpose Districts
Subjects: Bond issues | Emergency management | Hurricane Harvey | Private activity bonds | Public improvement districts | Special taxing districts | Water districts |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 Sp31
1. Evaluate the impact of Hurricane Harvey on residential communities within special purpose districts and districts' capacity to respond. Review the role and adequacy of the districts in emergency preparedness and response. Make recommendations for strengthening districts' emergency operations.
2. Review the statutes and procedures related to state approval and oversight of water district bonds that finance utility, infrastructure, and other projects. Identify opportunities for improving the state's oversight of bond issuance and make recommendations for statutory changes.
3. Investigate the feasibility of dissolving special purpose districts and determine if there are criteria that would make dissolution acceptable. Make recommendations for codifying the dissolution requirements and procedures.
4. Identify best practices in the creation of municipal management districts. Study the feasibility of and make recommendations for creating standard language for the creation of municipal management districts through special law.
Subjects: Abortion | Attorney General of Texas | Court costs and fees | Emergency communications | Emergency management | Evacuation routes | Fees | Freedom of religion | Freedom of speech | Gun control | Higher education | Human trafficking | Natural disasters | Penalties and sentences (Criminal justice) | Price gouging | Public retirement systems | Theft |
1. Review the interaction between federal, state, and local agencies in charge of responding to natural disasters. Examine emergency situation operations, including evacuation routes and procedures, and the efficient use of Disaster Recovery Centers. Make recommendations to ensure emergency management officials have the tools and authority necessary to promptly and appropriately respond to disaster areas and alert citizens to potential threats.
2. Study and make recommendations on the benefit of the state maintaining a single, web-based source of comprehensive information that outlines the State Emergency Operations during times of disaster.
3. Review the Attorney General's efforts related to price-gouging and identify existing issues with current law, if any, that could be remedied to further protect Texans during times of disaster.
4. Review laws related to looting crimes. Examine whether current penalties and enhancements are sufficient to deter looting crimes during a disaster.
5. Second Amendment: Review local ordinances imposed on sellers and venues that affect a person's rights under the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution. Examine state and local regulations and restrictions regarding the carrying of weapons during a natural disaster. Make recommendations on whether any legislation is needed to address the regulatory barriers to the full exercise of the Second Amendment rights of citizens.
6. Pensions: Examine and assess public pension systems in Texas. Specifically, review and assess (1) the different types of retirement plans; (2) the actuarial assumptions used by retirement systems to value their liabilities and the consequences of amending those assumptions; (3) retirement systems' investment practices and performance; and (4) the adequacy of financial disclosures including asset returns and fees. Make recommendations to ensure public pension system retirees' benefits are preserved and protected.
7. Attorney General Jurisdiction: Examine the Attorney General's jurisdiction on issues of alleged violations of state laws regarding abortion and multi -jurisdictional human trafficking cases. Make recommendations to ensure uniform enforcement across the state.
8. Court Fees: Examine the structure of court fees and make recommendations to ensure statutory filing fees and court costs are appropriate and justified. Provide reeommendations for proper agency oversight of fee collection.
9. Campus Free Speech: Ascertain any restrictions on Freedom of Speech rights that Texas students face in expressing their views on campus along with freedoms of the press, religion, and assembly. Recommend policy changes that protect First Amendment rights and enhance the free speech environment on campus.
10. Religious Liberty: Monitor the implementation of legislation that protects citizens' religious freedoms, including Senate Bill 24 (sermon safeguard) and House Bill 555 (religious liberty of county clerks), and make recommendations for any legislation needed to ensure that citizens' religious freedoms are not eroded by local ordinances or state or federal law.
11. Monitoring: Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on State Affairs, 85th Legislature, Regular Session, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/ or complete implementation. Specifically, monitor the following: Implementation of Senate Bill 2190, relating to the public retirement systems of certain municipalities; • Implementation of House Bill 3158, relating to the retirement systems for and the provision of other benefits to police and firefighters in certain municipalities; • Implementation of House Bill 3976, relating to the administration of and benefits payable under the Texas Public School Retired Employees Group Benefits Act; and • Implementation of Senate Bill 16, relating to decreasing the fee for the issuance of a license to carry a handgun.
Committee: House Transportation
Subjects: County roads | Emergency management | Highway construction | Highway finance | Hurricane Harvey | Infrastructure | International trade | Natural disasters | Natural gas industry | Oil industry | Ports | Self-driving automobiles | Semi-trailer trucks | Toll roads | Traffic | Transportation | Transportation planning | Transportation, Texas Department of | Unmanned aircraft |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 T687
1. Review the state's response to Hurricane Harvey and natural disaster preparedness with respect to the transportation system and transportation infrastructure. Make recommendations for improving agency operations related to emergency preparedness and response.
2. Study the ability of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to deliver highway construction projects that reduce congestion and improve mobility, including the Department's options and limitations related to contracting. Make recommendations to improve the Department's ability to complete complex projects on time and under cost.
3. Study the efficacy of existing transportation finance mechanisms from state, regional, and local perspectives. Identify opportunities to improve existing transportation finance mechanisms and investigate the feasibility of developing new ones.
4. Study Texas' various toll authorities and evaluate their transparency and stakeholder responsiveness. Make recommendations to improve the state oversight of toll authorities.
5. Review the management of the oversize/overweight permitting system and ensure that the state is adequately protecting the driving public and road integrity. Make recommendations to improve operations.
6. Study emerging issues in transportation related to technology and evaluate the state's preparedness for addressing challenges and opportunities posed by technological advances. Review the implementation of state and federal programs and legislation related to intelligent transportation systems, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aircraft systems (i.e. drones), and other technological changes.
7. Review the current state of infrastructure at Texas' international shipping ports and border ports of entry in Texas. Identify transportation-related impediments to international trade and estimate the impact of those challenges, including border wait times, on the state's economy. Make recommendations for improvements to facilitate international trade and economic growth. (Joint charge with the House Committee on International Trade & Intergovernmental Affairs)
8. Evaluate the impact energy exploration and production have on state and county roads and make recommendations on how to improve road quality in areas impacted by these activities. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Energy Resources)
9. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee will also specifically monitor the implementation of the TxDOT Sunset legislation and related management actions.
Committee: House Agriculture and Livestock
Subjects: Agriculture | Agriculture, Texas Department of | Emergency management | Irrigation | Litter | Livestock | Property taxes | Soil pollution | Water conservation | Water planning | Water supplies |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 Ag86
1. Evaluate policy challenges to the state’s agriculture and livestock industry, including long-term impacts of price declines in oil and natural gas; the availability of natural resources, including water, necessary to operate the industries; and the mitigation of and preparation for potential future hazards to the industries caused by natural disaster, drought, or disease.
2. Determine the sources of water used by Texans in the production of food and fiber, and examine current water delivery methods and water conservation goals for agricultural use. Evaluate whether there are more efficient and effective water-usage management practices that could be employed in the agricultural industry, and determine the impact of crop insurance requirements on producers. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Natural Resources)
3. Evaluate ways in which Texas can continue to promote our domestic agricultural products, across the nation and internationally, and to strengthen our state's international ties for the purpose of exporting Texas food and fiber. (Joint charge with the House Committee on International Trade & Intergovernmental Affairs)
4. Study the impacts of windblown trash on agriculture and ranching.
5. Study the appraisal of agricultural land for taxation and related issues, including the change-of-use "rollback" provision. Examine the impact of the current appraisal system of agricultural land for taxation on rural economic development.
6. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee’s jurisdiction and the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Subjects: Bail | Child abuse | Child Protective Services | County jails | County roads | Court costs and fees | Criminal justice | Criminal records | Electronic security | Emergency management | Fees | Indigent health care | Jail Standards, Texas Commission on | Managed care | Medicaid | Mentally ill inmates | Mentally ill persons | Natural disasters | Police officers | Suicide |
1. Review jail standards and procedures with regards to potentially mentally ill persons in county jails, as well as issues stemming from interactions between the general public and peace officers. *
2. Study the effectiveness and efficiency of current programs in Texas as well as best practices to determine how to decrease the risk and mitigate the impact of wildfires, floods, and other natural hazards in the wildland-urban interface. Examine the duties, performance, and jurisdictions of water districts, municipalities, Emergency Services Districts, other similar districts, and state offices like the Fire Marshal and Extension Services. Evaluate current regulations and identify best practices. Recommend approaches for hazard mitigation and response to natural disasters. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Urban Affairs)
3. Identify and address potential gaps in counties’ cybersecurity policies and ensure that personal information held by counties and other local governmental entities is secure.
4. Evaluate the Texas Commission on Jail Standards to determine if the Commission has the resources and structure to provide sufficient oversight, regulation, and enforcement over Texas county jails.
5. Review pretrial service and bonding practices throughout the state. Examine factors considered in bail and pre-trial confinement decisions, including the use of risk assessments; assess the effectiveness and efficiency of different systems in terms of cost to local governments and taxpayers, community safety, pretrial absconding rates and rights of the accused. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence)
6. Study the implications and effects on law enforcement agencies and individuals that stem from the publication, republication, or other dissemination for public internet access of mug shots and other criminal history information regarding involvement of an individual in the criminal justice system.
7. Study statutorily mandated services provided by sheriffs and constables, and determine whether fee schedules allow cost recovery without placing undue burdens on recipients of those services.
8. Study the effect of Proposition 5 (SJR 17 (84R)) on the quality of private roadways in counties with a population of less than 7,500. Make recommendations to ensure the amendment does not result in undue competition between counties and private industry, and whether additional counties could benefit from a similar authorization.
Committee: House Homeland Security and Public Safety
Subjects: Criminal records | Emergency management | Governor's Division of Emergency Management | Motor vehicle emissions tests | Motor vehicle registration | Natural disasters | Public information | Public Safety, Texas Department of | Semi-trailer trucks | Truck drivers | Truck inspection stations | Trucking | Vehicle safety inspections |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 P96H
1. Review the functions of the Texas Division of Emergency Management and the state's natural disaster preparedness planning efforts to determine their effectiveness at addressing a growing range of threats. Identify best practices to ensure coordination between municipalities, counties, and state agencies.
2. Review the current penalties for operating a commercial motor vehicle that is in violation of state or federal safety standards. Evaluate the role of state and local law enforcement agencies in enforcing commercial motor vehicle standards, and make recommendations to ensure the safety of the traveling public.
3. Monitor the implementation of the "two steps, one sticker" program as it relates to passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, light duty trailers, and other vehicles. Recommend measures to ensure an efficient transition to this system and improve the ease of use for consumers.
4. Review the process of dissemination by public entities of criminal records containing incomplete or inaccurate information, assess options for the subjects of such records to correct the misinformation specifically as it interferes with their ability to obtain employment, and determine the need for greater regulations over this process. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Government Transparency & Operation)
5. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee’s jurisdiction and the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature, including legislation that expanded the ability to carry handguns openly and on the campuses of institutions of higher education and legislation that allows for the compassionate use of certain medically prescribed oils for intractable disorders. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs
Subjects: Affordable housing | Ballots | Bond elections | Emergency management | Extraterritorial jurisdiction | Housing and Community Affairs, Texas Department of | Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of | Initiative and referendum | Local government debt | Municipal annexation | Municipal government | Municipalities | Public improvement districts | Public notices | Racial discrimination | Supreme Court decisions, U.S. |
1. Annexation: Identify areas of concern in regards to statutory extraterritorial jurisdiction expansion and the processes used by municipalities for annexation, specifically reviewing whether existing statute strikes the appropriate balance between safeguarding private property rights and encouraging orderly growth and economic development. Make recommendations for legislative action, if necessary.
2. Local Ordinance Integrity: Examine the processes used by home rule municipalities to adopt ordinances, rules, and regulations, including those initiated by petition and voter referendum. Determine if additional statutory safeguards are necessary to ensure that ballot language accurately describes proposed initiatives. Identify ways to improve transparency and make recommendations, if needed, to ensure that local propositions and the means by which they are put forth to voters, conform with existing state law.
3. Disaster Preparedness Planning and Coordination: Review natural disaster preparedness planning and coordination in the wake of a growing range of threats. Evaluate whether existing processes maximize regional cooperation to rebuild housing and infrastructure, and allow for the timely dissemination of funds to units of local governments for reconstruction following a federal declaration. Develop recommendations, if necessary, to improve the efficiency of disaster recovery efforts, incorporating best practices identified from other states, as well as lessons-learned from past reconstruction efforts in Texas.
4. Municipal Management Districts: Study the means by which the Texas Legislature reviews the creation of municipal management districts (MMDs) by special law to determine if different processes should be used to evaluate new MMDs created within populated or developed areas from those created over undeveloped areas. Identify ways to better assess how the services and improvements of a proposed Page 5 of 5 MMD within populated or developed areas will supplement and enhance those provided by other local governments, as well as if the territory of the proposed MMD encompasses or overlaps area that is already within other assessment or taxing entities. Make recommendations, if necessary, to improve the notice provided to individuals and businesses within populated or developed areas proposed for inclusion in an MMD.
5. Supreme Court ICP Ruling: Review existing statute and rules that govern the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs in light of the recent Supreme Court decision in Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. vs. TDHCA, et al. and recommend if any modifications are necessary to conform to the decision.
6. Debt Transparency in the Voting Booth: Examine ways to improve government accountability in elections regarding the issuance of public debt. Include a review of the information that is currently provided to individuals in the voting booth and provide statutory recommendations, if necessary, to improve transparency.
Subjects: Coastal erosion | Coastal protection | Coastal restoration | Emergency management | Eminent domain | Extraterritorial jurisdiction | General Land Office | Gulf Coast | Municipal annexation | Natural disasters | School Land Board | Zoning |
1. Study state preparedness and response to natural disasters including but not limited to: an evaluation of risks to the state, emergency planning efforts, first response efforts, coordination between the General Land Office, the State Emergency Operation Center, and other state, local, and federal resources. Make appropriate recommendations to ensure Texas has the proper programs, resources, and personnel in place to respond to natural disasters.
2. Examine the rate of erosion along Texas's coast and the effects of coastal erosion on public beaches, natural resources, coastal development, public infrastructure, and public and private property. Analyze current programs related to coastal erosion and examine their effectiveness. Make appropriate recommendations.
3. Study the effectiveness of the implementation of SB 695 (84R) and examine the feasibility and desirability of creating and maintaining a coastal barrier system.
4. Examine current regulatory authority available to municipalities in their extraterritorial jurisdiction. Study current annexation policies in Texas. Make necessary legislative recommendations to ensure a proper balance between development, municipal regulations, and the needs of citizens in Texas.
5. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction and the implementing of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature, and specifically: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Committee: House Public Health
Subjects: Cancer | Communicable diseases | Contraceptives | Diabetes | Disease management | Disease prevention | Emergency communications | Emergency management | Employees Retirement System of Texas | Family planning | Healthy Texas Women | Heart disease | Infant mortality | Kidney disease | Obesity | Pregnancy | Premature infants | Prenatal care | Public health | Respiratory diseases | Teacher Retirement System of Texas | Telemedicine |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 H349h
1. Study and assess the state’s preparedness for public health threats and emergencies including responding to natural disasters and highly infectious diseases. Review current protocols and examine public health resources to determine if they are sufficient. Identify weaknesses within the public health response framework and make recommendations for improvements.
2. Study the impact of chronic disease in Texas and identify the major regional chronic health challenges. Review the types of health data collected by the state related to chronic disease and how the data is utilized to improve health care. Study state programs targeting chronic disease, including the Texas Health Improvement Network, and identify the direct and indirect costs associated with obesity, tobacco, and other related chronic health conditions including impacts to Medicaid, Employees Retirement System, Teacher Retirement System, University of Texas System, and Texas A&M University System. Identify public health interventions for chronic disease and preventative healthcare services that improve health outcomes and reduce cost.
3. Examine the history of telemedicine in Texas and the adequacy of the technological infrastructure for use between Texas healthcare providers. Review the benefits of using telemedicine in rural and underserved areas and current reimbursement practices. Explore opportunities to expand and improve the delivery of healthcare and identify methods to increase awareness by provider groups, including institutions of higher education, and payers of telemedicine activities being reimbursed in Texas.
4. Review programs focused on improving birth outcomes including evaluating the effectiveness and identifying any cost avoidance associated with them. Study barriers pregnant women face enrolling in services and receiving regular prenatal care. Identify factors, including substance abuse, associated with preterm birth and review services available for mothers postpartum.
5. Study the trauma system in the State of Texas including financing, service delivery, planning, and coordination between Emergency Medical Services providers, Trauma Services Area Regional Advisory Councils, The Emergency Medical Task Force, and hospitals. Determine strengths and weaknesses including challenges for rural areas of the state. Make recommendations to reduce any duplicated services, improve the coordination of services, and advance the delivery of trauma services in Texas. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Appropriations)
6. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction and the implementing of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Committee: House State Affairs
Subjects: Banks and banking | Economy | Electric meters | Electric utility rates and charges | Electronic security | Emergency management | Fetal rights | Medical ethics | Natural disasters | Organ and tissue donations | Organized labor | Public Utility Commission of Texas | State employees | State government contracts | State purchasing | Telephone service | Undocumented immigrants | Universal Service Fund | Utility service | Water and sewer utilities |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 St29h
1. Study if the state's infrastructure is adequately prepared for disasters, whether man-made or natural. Include preparedness assessments of the maintenance and recovery of vital infrastructure such as transportation and utility systems.
2. Examine procedures regarding contract monitoring, compliance, performance evaluation and notification requirements for state contracting procedures. Include recommendations to determine a "best value" for the state and prevent conflicts of interests. Evaluate guidelines regarding the state's participation in contracts funded by grants and suggest methods to ensure the best use of taxpayer funds.
3. Determine if the state has sufficient authority and the tools to ensure continued operation of the state's government and economy under existing budgetary and statutory authority. Make contingency recommendations to prevent collapse in the event of an economic disaster.
4. Study the policies used by research and medical entities to adhere to the highest ethical standards for acquiring human fetal tissue for medical and scientific purposes. Specifically, review compliance to ensure informed consent and that all state and federal laws sufficiently respect the dignity of the human body. Study criteria for which persons have standing when giving consent for the use of fetal remains and to investigate potential violations of state laws regulating organ/tissue donation. Determine whether additional disclosure and reporting requirements are necessary to ensure moral and ethical research practices. Review practices and statutes in other states regarding fetal tissue harvesting.
5. Study support mechanisms for the Small and Rural Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier - Universal Service Fund. Consider alternative funding mechanisms as well as necessary statutory changes to ensure reasonable cost of basic local phone service in high cost, rural areas without expanding the size of the Texas Universal Service Fund.
6. Evaluate the administrative process used to determine utility rates. Consider if sufficient opportunities exist to ensure customer representation. Also determine if additional legislative guidance is needed to ensure public notification and participation.
7. Examine how the Public Utility Commission of Texas, when applicable, and utility providers, whether vertically integrated, privately owned, or municipally owned, can ensure consumer protection regarding metering devices for water, gas, and electricity service. Review recent examples of inaccurate or confusing billings and offer recommendations on appropriate consumer recourse and appeal. In addition, assess utility procedures regarding meter installation.
8. Examine state and local laws applicable to undocumented immigrants throughout the State of Texas and analyze the effects of those laws in conjunction with federal immigration laws and the policies and practices followed by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
9. Examine payroll deductions from state or political subdivision employees for the purpose of labor organization membership dues or fees as well as charitable organization and nonprofit contributions. Determine if this process is an appropriate use of public funds.
10. Monitor the impact of major State Affairs legislation passed by the 84th Legislature, including updates regarding recent contracting reforms. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction and the implementing of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Committee: House Urban Affairs
Subjects: Affordable housing | Electronic security | Emergency management | Fair housing | Housing | Housing and Community Affairs, Texas Department of | Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of | Low Income Housing Tax Credit program | Municipalities | Municipally-owned utilities | Natural disasters | Personal care homes |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 UR1
1. Study the effectiveness and efficiency of current programs in Texas as well as best practices to determine how to decrease the risk and mitigate the impact of wildfires, floods, and other natural hazards in the wildland-urban interface. Examine the duties, performance, and jurisdictions of water districts, municipalities, Emergency Services Districts, other similar districts, and state offices like the Fire Marshal and Extension Services. Evaluate current regulations and identify best practices. Recommend approaches for hazard mitigation and response to natural disasters. (Joint charge with the House Committee on County Affairs)
2. Identify and address potential gaps in cities’ cybersecurity policy and ensure that personal information held by cities and other municipal entities is secure.
3. Examine whether changes are needed to the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs’s (TDHCA) low-income tax credit program to ensure compliance with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs et al. v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc., et al. on fair housing in Texas.
4. Review existing housing programs and policies in Texas to determine how to best comply with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's new Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Rules.
5. Monitor and evaluate the availability of low-income housing in the State of Texas. Identify best practices to ensure that the agencies and local providers receiving state or federal funds for low-income housing are maximizing the number of units of housing available to Texans who need this program.
6. Investigate the operation and regulation, including a review of standards, monitoring, and enforcement, of boarding homes in municipalities and unincorporated areas of counties. Identify communities that have adopted local standards, and review procedures for investigating and closing unlicensed facilities that are providing services which require state licensure. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Human Services)
7. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies, including the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs, and programs under the committee's jurisdiction and the implementing of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Subjects: Counties | County jails | Ebola | Emergency management | Homelessness | Hospitals | Jail population | Jail Standards, Texas Commission on | Managed care | Marijuana | Medicaid | Mental health services | Population growth | Specialty courts | Veterans |
Session: 83rd R.S. (2013)
1. Examine population growth in Texas counties and the impact the growth has had on housing, available land resources, businesses in Texas, as well as the impact of growth on the state's economy. Evaluate Texas's preparedness to respond to future growth and ensure economic stability.
2. Continue oversight of the Texas Commission on Jail Standards and issues jails currently face, including the mental health of those in jail, and make recommendations for refinement or improvement of processes and programs.
3. Monitor the health advisory panel stemming from HB 3793 (83R).
4. Determine which counties have implemented a cite-and-summons policy, whether the policy has been effective in lessening overcrowding in county jails, and whether those cited by peace officers comply with the policy.
5. Study the implementation of SB 462 (83R). Examine which counties currently have veterans courts, as well as veterans courts in other states, and determine how those programs are working and whether these courts provide additional services or resources for veterans. Make appropriate recommendations. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Defense and Veterans' Affairs)
6. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee’s jurisdiction and the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 83rd Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Subjects: Agricultural chemicals | Border security | Councils of government | Driver licenses | Driver Responsibility Program | Driving while intoxicated | Emergency management | Explosions | Hazardous substances | Public Safety, Texas Department of | Traffic violations | West, Texas |
1. Assess the level of preparedness among critical infrastructure entities, state and local emergency planning organizations, first response efforts, and overall coordination of jurisdictions across the state. Include a review of the state's role in preparing, resourcing, and coordinating with local emergency response, specifically in rural areas or areas that depend largely on volunteer response efforts.
2. Investigate the fatal explosion in West, Texas, in April 2013, for deficiencies in safety, risk management, and disaster planning by chemical facilities and state entities. Determine if any changes should be made to existing laws and rules relating to inspection, investigation, and enforcement, and make specific recommendations on how to reduce the likelihood for damage, injury, or death.
3. Evaluate state and local entities' effectiveness in meeting the state's border and homeland security program goals and objectives.
4. Review the Driver Responsibility Program and consider methods for overall improvement of the program.
Committee: House Emergency Preparedness, Select
Library Catalog Title: House Select Committee on Emergency Preparedness, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2010 : a report to the House of Representatives, 82nd Texas Legislature
Subjects: Emergency management |
Library Call Number: L1836.81 Em32
Session: 81st R.S. (2009)
1. Comprehensively study the State of Texas' preparedness level for major disasters, including those resulting from natural catastrophes and criminal activity. The study should include an analysis of the level of preparedness among critical infrastructure entities, state and local emergency planning organizations, emergency warning systems, evacuation plans, first response efforts, and overall coordination of jurisdictions across the state. As part of its work, the committee should conduct a review of previous studies regarding emergencies to determine whether progress has been made. The committee should make legislative recommendations to improve preparedness for future disasters.
Library Catalog Title: Interim report to the 82nd Legislature
Subjects: Adult Protective Services | Aging and Disability Services, Texas Department of | At-risk youth | Child abuse | Children's Health Insurance Program | Cloning | Community support services | Crime prevention | Diet and nutrition | Emergency management | Families | Family and Protective Services, Texas Department of | Family violence | Federal government | Foster care | H1N1 virus | Health care | Health care providers | Health insurance | Human services | Long-term care | Medicaid | Medicaid eligibility | Medical Board, Texas | Medical errors | Medical research | Mental health services | Mentally ill persons | Nurses | Obesity | Physicians | Quality of care | Senior citizens | State budgets | Stem cell research | Texas Integrated Eligibility Redesign System |
1. Upon passage of federal legislation relating to reform of the health care industry and health insurance industry that the Texas Health and Human Services Commission estimates will costs the State of Texas $2 to 2.5 billion per year in General Revenue beginning as early as 2013, study the implications of such legislation on Texas, the health care industry, and public and private insurance. Study and monitor the implementation of the insurance regulatory changes, changes to high risk pool, and any other insurance mandates. Study the health care policy changes and the impact to the Medicaid and CHIP programs and the state budget. Assess the impact to all state uninsured and uncompensated care programs and county programs for the uninsured, including county property tax programs to pay for the uninsured. Make recommendations for the efficient implementation of programs. (Joint charge with Senate State Affairs Committee)
2. Study the benefits, efficiencies and costs, and effectiveness of the social service related prevention and early intervention programs at the health and human services agencies, the juvenile and adult criminal justice agencies and other government agencies that have programs that address mental illness, substance abuse, child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, single-parent families, absentee fathers, early pregnancy, and unemployment. Study other states' prevention programs and efforts to administer these programs through a merged prevention department. Make recommendations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of these programs.
3. Review the timeliness and efficiency of the Health and Human Service Commission's eligibility system. Include a review of staffing levels and staffing distribution; implementation of Rider 61; and the increased demand on the system. Make recommendations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the system, focusing on policy changes that will not create a large financial burden for the state.
4. Study and make recommendations on the state's role for facilitating the exchange of health care information in the future, including using the Medicaid exchange as a framework for the statewide exchange of health information between health care providers to improve quality of care; what information the state should provide; how to use this information to improve care management, prevent medical errors, and reduce unnecessary services; and policies and statutory changes needed to ensure that privacy is protected. Study the feasibility of developing multiple regional health information technology exchanges in Texas.
5. Study the state's current and long-range need for physicians, nurses, dentists and other allied health and long-term care professionals. Provide recommendations for ensuring sufficient numbers of health care professionals, focusing on medically underserved and rural areas of the state as well as the Border region. Consider health care delivered by Advanced Practice Nurses in terms of access, cost and patient safety and include an assessment of independent prescriptive authority with those states in which prescriptive authority is delegated by a physician. Make recommendations to enhance the efficient use of Advanced Practice Nurses in Texas.
6. Explore strategies to support the needs of aging Texans, including best practices in nursing home diversion, expediting access to community services, and programs to assist seniors and their families in navigating the long-term care system with the goal of helping seniors remain in the community. Study the guardianship program implemented by the Department of Aging and Disabilities and the Department of Adult Protective Services, including the efficiency and effectiveness of the program, the relationship between the two agencies, the appropriate rights for parents, and whether clients and their assets are adequately protected to ensure the state is appropriately identifying seniors in need of protection.
7. Examine how the state could enact policies to improve the overall health of Texans, focusing on programs that compliment individually-based prevention with communitybased prevention to reduce obesity rates by increasing physical activity, improving nutrition, and improving self-management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Examine obesity-related health disparities between different ethnic groups and ways to narrow these gaps. Consider the fiscal and health impact of second-hand smoke on businesses and service sector employees. Study state-level initiatives to incorporate these individual and community-based prevention strategies, including initiatives pursued in other states.
8. Study the state's ability to appropriately respond to the H1N1 influenza pandemic by examining issues related to vaccine distribution and capacity. Consider the benefit of providing the state's independent school districts and various health authorities with standardized protocols for issues including, but not limited to, vaccine administration, absenteeism and the cancellation of school and other school-related events. Assess the state's ability to track and record H1N1 vaccinations through the ImmTrac registry, and review statutes governing ImmTrac to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of immunization information systems.
9. Study current state health care quality improvement initiatives in Texas, including statewide health care-associated infection and adverse event reporting, reimbursement reductions in the Texas Medicaid program for preventable adverse events, potentially preventable readmissions identification, health information technology implementation, pay-far-performance programs, and other initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency, safety, and quality of health care in Texas. Identify statutory changes that may build upon efforts to improve quality of care and contain health care costs in Texas. Study policies that encourage and facilitate the use of best practices by health care providers including the best way to report and distribute information on quality of care and the use of best practices to the public and to promote health care provider and payment incentives that will encourage the use of best practices. The study/recommendations could also include assessing the best way to bring provider groups together to increase quality of care, the use of best practices, and reduce unnecessary services.
10. Study current practices of the Texas Medical Board relating to disclosure of complaints.
11. Review the types of human stem cell and human cloning research being conducted, funded, or supported by state agencies, including institutions of higher education. Make recommendations for appropriate data collection and funding protocols.
12. Review the Medicaid HCBS waivers (CBA, STAR Plus, CLASS, MDCP, DBMT, TxHmL) and develop recommendations to assure that people with significant disabilities, regardless of disability label or age, receive needed services to remain in or transition to the community. Review should look at the delivery system, eligibility, service packages, rate structures, workforce issues and funding caps. Examine options for the provision of services for children aging out of the Medicaid system. Make recommendations for streamlining/combining these waivers, ensuring that these waivers are cost effective or create cost savings, and developing policies that contain costs in an effort to increase access to these services. The review should examine other states' community care waivers and provide recommendations relating to efforts that have been successful in other states.
13. Study the type, duration, frequency and effectiveness of mental health services available to and accessed by abused and neglected Texas children. Recommend strategies to address the impact of the trauma, and enhance therapeutic services available to this population in an effort to eliminate the cycle of abuse and neglect.
14. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Health & Human Services, 81st Legislature, Regular and Called Sessions, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation.
Monitor Department of Family and Protective Services' implementation of the U.S. Fostering Connections Act, including the new Kinship Care program. Include recommendations on how to optimize the use of monetary assistance to qualified relative caregivers.
Monitor the Department of Aging and Disability Services (DADS) implementation of SB 643, relating to Texas' state-supported living centers (SSLCs), implementation of Special Provisions relating to All Health and Human Services Agencies, Section 48. Contingency Appropriation for the Reshaping of the System for Providing Services to Individuals with Developmental Disabilities, and implementation of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) Settlement Agreement terms.
Committee: Senate Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee on Flooding and Evacuations
Library Catalog Title: The Senate Subcommittee on Flooding and Evacuations interim report : report to the 82nd Legislature.
Subjects: 911 emergency telephone service | Emergency disaster shelters | Emergency management | Evacuations | Flood plains | Flooding | Natural disasters |
Library Call Number: L1836.81 L786f
1. Study the benefit of legislation that would require coastal regions, when making routine improvements to drainage systems and other infrastructure, to take into account probability of future flooding and any upgrades necessary to prevent future flooding.
2. Study and make recommendations on methods of emergency notification during a natural disaster. Look into alternative systems and new technologies for rerouting 911 type calls to become more efficient and effective. Study and make recommendations to streamline the process of informing citizens impacted by an emergency or disaster prior to the event about re-entry and aid.
3. Study and make recommendations relating to cost effective options to either retrofit or require new building structures to be built as shelters for use during future evacuations.
4. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Subcommittee on Flooding & Evacuations, 81 st Legislature, Regular and Called Sessions, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation.
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Public Health, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2010 : a report to the House of Representatives, 82nd Texas Legislature
Subjects: Diet and nutrition | Emergency management | Employees Retirement System of Texas | Food safety | H1N1 virus | Health care | Health care costs | Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | Influenza | Medicaid | Obesity | Parents | Teacher Retirement System of Texas |
1. Monitor implementation of legislation intended to curb rising obesity rates in Texas. Study and make recommendations regarding better coordination of prevention efforts and evidence-based strategies to reduce the impact of obesity on health care costs. Include recommendations related to the use of federal stimulus funds targeted toward obesity prevention.
2. Study the state's ability to respond to the H1N1 virus. Examine issues related to vaccine and antiviral distribution and capacity, disease surveillance, communication with providers and the public, intergovernmental cooperation, and medical surge capability.
3. Determine how the state can best coordinate efforts to streamline health care delivery with health information technology (HIT). Identify areas in state law that affect the adoption and use of HIT. Recommend statutory changes as necessary.
4. Identify factors influencing health care cost trends in Texas, including practices or policies that may contribute to regional variations. Investigate medical imaging utilization and its impact on the cost and quality of health care. Recommend policy changes to promote best practices, reduce costs, and improve quality within the state Medicaid program, Employees Retirement System, and Teacher Retirement System. Joint Interim Charge with House Committee on Appropriations
5. Examine the need for and barriers to implementing routine HIV screenings as recommended in 2006 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assess the impact of implementation on HIV transmission, health outcomes, clinical progression, and mortality.
6. Pursuant to HB 1672, 81st Legislature, Regular Session, Section 4, study the policies and procedures related to the disclosure required by Chapter 33, Health and Safety Code, to the parent, managing conservator, or guardian of a newborn child.
7. Identify any gaps in Texas laws that may prevent coordinated efforts, both statewide and on the border, to ensure a safe food supply. Joint Interim Charge with House Committee on Border and Intergovernmental Affairs
8. Monitor the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction.
Committee: Senate Transportation and Homeland Security
Library Catalog Title: The Senate Committee on Transportation and Homeland Security interim report to the 82nd Legislature.
Subjects: Air quality | Driver licenses | Driver Responsibility Program | Drug trafficking | Drug-related crimes | Emergency management | Environmental permits | Environmental protection | Gangs | Highway finance | Homeland security | Metropolitan Planning Organizations | Motor vehicle pollution | Outsourcing | Regional mobility authorities | Semi-trailer trucks | Tax increment reinvestment zones | Toll roads | Traffic | Transportation | Transportation, Texas Department of | Tropical storms | Uninsured motorists |
Library Call Number: L1836.81 In5hs
1. Recommend ways to maximize the contribution of alternative transportation modes and evaluate what impacts they have on congestion and air quality. Identify statutory barriers to reducing transportation's impact on air quality and preventing any restrictions on or loss of federal funds due to air quality. Study the incidence of fraudulent automotive emissions certifications in the state and recommend changes in enforcement which will increase the effectiveness of state emissions regulation and assist in attainment of federal air quality standards.
2. Review and make recommendations relating to the Texas Department of Transportation's organizational structure and working relationship with local governments, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, Regional Tolling Authorities and Regional Mobility Authorities.
3. Recommend improvements to homeland security, including the state's infrastructure and housing recovery operations. Make recommendations for incorporating best practices and addressing any gaps in existing procedures, and disaster preparation and response, including volunteer involvement, evacuation and sheltering and trauma care, and communications interoperability.
4. Examine the public policy implications of Comprehensive Development Agreements (CDAs) and recommend whether they should be reauthorized to construct specific roadways.
5. Explore the policy implications of transportation reinvestment zones funded by state sales and use taxes as an alternative to public financing of transportation projects.
6. Examine transportation funding concepts contained in legislation considered during the 81st Legislature, Regular and Special Sessions. Analyze options and make recommendations relating to historical funding strategies including prioritization of existing revenues, as well as alternative state and local transportation funding concepts. (Joint charge with Senate Finance Committee)
Ensure that the pass-through program reimbursements to contractors and local public entities are based on actual project costs and not cost estimates.
Prioritize necessary road construction projects and target financing to those segments that affect the largest number of Texans through congestion mitigation.
Ensure that Texas receives the best value for its investment. (Subcharges added pursuant to Dewhurst letter dated 4/8/2010.)
7. Study and make recommendations to expedite the environmental review process for transportation projects.
8. Evaluate the Texas Department of Transportation's policy for permitting overweight vehicles and recommend ways to ensure overweight vehicles do not cause significant damage to the State's roadways and bridges. Examine the limited operation hours and staffing of highway weight stations across the state and consider whether expanded operations or other alternatives would improve compliance with weight restrictions.
9. Review the 100 most congested roadway segments and determine if alternative congestion relief modes have been identified to relieve segments in areas where the addition of lanes is not possible. For example, review whether TxDOT and MPOs consider instituting park & rides and encouraging employee flex times to relieve congested roadway segments.
10. Evaluate outsourcing at the Texas Department of Transportation, including, but not limited to, engineering services and aerial mapping.
11. Review the possible increase in number of unlicensed and uninsured drivers resulting from license suspensions or indigence resulting drivers' inability to pay Driver Responsibility surcharges in light of new Department of Public Safety rules.
12. Study and make recommendations for legislation to inform Texans about best practices for hurricane preparation, response, and recovery, including information about basic state operations and pre-designated locations for PODs (Points of Distribution) across the state. Establish procedures and penalties for noncompliance by local jurisdictions that hinder response and recovery efforts.
13. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Transportation & Homeland Security, 81st Legislature, Regular and Called Sessions, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation.
Monitor the implementation of gang-related legislation passed during the 81 st Legislature and its impact on drug cartel-related transnational gangs and crime in Texas.
Committee: House Defense Affairs and State-Federal Relations
Subjects: Driver licenses | Emergency management | Enhanced driver licenses | Mental health services | National Guard | Public health | Texas State Guard | Veterans | Veterans' health care |
1. Study and make recommendations to address the need to identify essential personnel necessary to enter a disaster area to restore critical infrastructure.
2. Monitor the United States Congress for the enactment and rules regarding the Veteran's Mental Health Outreach and Access Act of 2007. Explore coordination with the community based clinics in Texas that would be able to provide the prescribed services to veterans.
3. Review and monitor the Veterans Disability Benefits Commission's Inspector General Disability ratings report. Make recommendations for what the state can do to implement the findings of the report and to assist our veterans.
4. Examine Chapter 431, Government code to determine the feasibility of the Texas State Guard and Texas National Guard, while designated on state active duty, to assist in interagency planning and operational coordination under the Governor's Division of Emergency Management and the Texas Secretary of State.
5. Examine the State of Texas' preparedness level to handle a public health emergency. (Join Interim Charge with the House Committee on Public Health.)
6. Review the current requirements for driver's license and identification card holders in Texas in order to recommend legislative measures to prevent these documents from being used to further criminal activities and recommend ways to enhance homeland security. (Joint Interim Charge with the House Committee on Transportation.)
Library Catalog Title: Interim report to the 81st Legislature
Subjects: Anatomical Board, Texas | Anatomical gifts | Asthma | Disease prevention | Driver Responsibility Program | Emergency management | Emergency medical services | Health care providers | Indigent health care | Medical Board, Texas | Organ and tissue donations | Prescription drugs | State employees | Trauma Facilty/EMS account |
1. Monitor and evaluate the full array of wellness initiatives undertaken by the State of Texas to include the newly adopted state employee wellness and prevention legislation (HB 1297, 80th Legislature, Regular Session) and a pilot program to encourage health lifestyles, such as smoking cessation within the Medicaid program (SB 10, 80th Legislature, Regular Session) and for state employees. Develop strategies for maximizing potential health benefits and optimizing the return on the State of Texas' investments in wellness. Include a review of other state and private sector programs for employee wellness that result in prevention cost savings.
2. Research issues relating to the Indigent Health Care and Treatment Act (Chapter 61, Health and Safety Code) and related local health care initiatives (Chapter 534, Government Code), and make recommendations to address any imbalance between counties for the provision of health care.
3. Review issues related to federal changes for tamper-resistant prescription pad requirements, and monitor the activity of the Texas Department of Public Safety Controlled Substances Advisory Committee in response to SB 1879, 80th Legislature, Regular Session.
4. Examine issues related to the Texas Anatomical Gift Act (Chapter 692, Health and Safety Code.)
5. Examine the status of asthma in Texas, and make recommendations to prevent asthma and to assist children and adults with asthma to more effectively manage their disease. Develop strategies for decreasing the direct medical and indirect related costs associated with asthma.
6. Examine activities at the Texas Medical Board as they relate to the protection of public health and the practice of medicine, and the status of implementation requirements established by HB 1973, 80th Legislature, Regular Session. The committees should consider any findings by the Texas Sunset Commission. (Joint Interim Charge with the House Committee on Appropriations.)
7. Examine the State of Texas' preparedness level to handle a public health emergency. (Joint Interim Charge with the House Committees on Defense Affairs and State-Federal Relations.)
8. Review the effectiveness of the Driver Responsibility Programs, and provide recommendations for increasing the collection rate of assessed penalties. Provide recommendations for amnesty and incentive programs established by the passage of SB 1723, 80th Legislature, Regular Session. Examine the status of Texas' current statewide trauma system infrastructure and how the system may be optimized to meet future trauma care needs in a rapidly growing state with overburdened emergency rooms. (Joint Interim Charge with the House Committee on Transportation.)
9. Study the state's current and long-range need for physicians, dentists, nurses and other allied health and long-term care professionals. Make recommendations regarding strategies related to geographic distribution and barriers to recruitment of high-need professions, especially for primary care providers and long-term care professionals. (Joint Interim Charge with the House Committees on Border and International Affairs and Appropriations.)
10. Monitor the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction.
Committee: House Regulated Industries
Subjects: Accounting | Broadband technology | Economic development | Electric utility deregulation | Emergency management | Internet | Public Utility Regulatory Act | Telecommunications | Telecommunications infrastructure | Telecommunications taxes and fees |
1. Examine the impact of broadband Internet access on economic development, focusing on potential updates that would create incentives to help spur investment by network providers across a variety of platforms. Recommend changes to Texas law that would emphasize economic development through policy formation.
2. Study and assess the ability of entities regulated by the Public Utility Commission of Texas to meet the communication needs of the Texas military forces during declared emergencies, including an assessment of current capabilities and technological compatibility among service providers throughout the state.
3. Research the effects of both wholesale and retail competition in the Texas electric market.
4. Study and review information on the Internet and other communications services, and how Texas can best prepare for potential changes to Internet and communications services, and infrastructure demands. Recommend policy changes to encourage greater infrastructure investment while ensuring the continued growth and development of the Internet. Study the current state and local communications tax structure, including an analysis of the tax burdens imposed on consumers and providers of communications services.
5. Study and examine whether Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) should be adhered to under Chapter 66 of the Public Utility Regulatory Act (PURA), and review procedures for revenue audits.
6. Monitor agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction, including identifying possible ways to merge or streamline agency functions to produce long-term financial benefit to the state and better efficiency of the agencies.
Library Catalog Title: Report to the 81st Legislature
Subjects: Advertising | Billboards | Border security | Bridges | Buses | Crime laboratories | Dedicated funds | Driver licenses | Driver Responsibility Program | Drug trafficking | Emergency management | Enhanced driver licenses | Gangs | Highway finance | Homeland security | Human trafficking | Metropolitan Planning Organizations | Privatization | Real ID Act | State agencies | State government contracts | Toll roads | Trans-Texas Corridor | Transportation | Transportation, Texas Department of | Undocumented immigrants |
Online version: View report [109 pages File size: 797 kb]
1. Evaluate the state's homeland security efforts and the state's recent $140 million investment in law enforcement to help secure the border and study and make recommendations to deter transnational and drug-related gang violence and crime, including the use of injunctions and any possible improvements to Chapter 125 of the Civil Practices and Remedies Code, relating to membership in street gangs.
2. Study and make recommendations for the creation of a tamper-proof driver's license or photo ID that complies with the federal Real ID Act, including the implementation of the Secure Enhanced Drivers' License Program (SB 11, 80th Legislature, Regular Session), by the Department of Pubic Safety and issue recommendations for improving and expanding the pilot program.
3. Examine the roles and best practices among individuals, state and local governments, hospitals and other health care providers, and the insurance industry for disaster planning and first response efforts. Explore what changes are needed to better prepare for natural disasters to mitigate claims and losses. Include an assessment of the state's implementation of recent recommendations for evacuations, including movement of medically fragile populations. Study the level of preparedness among critical infrastructure entities in both the public and private sector, the effectiveness of state disaster relief policies relating to this infrastructure and the sufficiency of personnel needed to restore this infrastructure. Assess the state's preparedness to handle a public health emergency. Examine the challenges of interoperability of communications technologies to improve coordination of different plans across jurisdictions
4. Study and make recommendations regarding state and local regulation of billboards. Produce a graphical analysis of current billboards, evaluate objective criteria for locations where billboards can be permitted or prohibited, including but not limited to geographical (corridor or urban/rural), land usage (e.g. industrial), or cultural/historical criteria, and include consideration of the impact on any federal funding.
5. Study and make recommendations for improving management and oversight of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs). Include a review of populations served, MPO governance, oversight, roles, variation among MPOs, and MPO decision-making ability in relation to TxDOT or other agencies.
6. Study Comprehensive Development Agreements (CDAs) and make recommendations to ensure the maximum benefit to taxpayers. Study the implications of requiring CDAs to have definitive buyback formulas that can be calculated without using any form of future revenue forecasts. Study requiring potential CDA projects to be solicited only after environmental clearance has been granted. Study the implications of shortening CDA's maximum allowable contract duration. Study provisions affecting competing facilities.
7. Review the status of structurally deficient bridges and provide increased oversight of TxDOT's bridge repair activities to ensure that any unsafe bridges are identified and repaired as soon as possible.
8. Study and make recommendations relating to the status of current and planned toll road projects in Texas, the use of public-private partnerships to build new roads and/or transit services, and the market valuation process. Analyze the impact of lengthening the number of years a toll road authority may issue bonds.
9. Study the effectiveness of the Trans-Texas Corridor (TTC) and make recommendations for its future role in providing additional roads in Texas. Provide specific recommendations relating to public input in the development of the TTC.
10. Study the impact of prohibitions in Section 2301.476 (Manufacturer or Distributor Ownership, Operation, or Control of Dealership), Occupations Code, on the sale of buses in Texas and make recommendations. Gather information and monitor the methods of sale of buses in other states and the dealership network, if any. Evaluate the need and possible benefits or detriments caused to public and private sector in application of this law and rule to the bus industry.
11. Study the issue and amount of state agency expenditures on media activities and the legal authority for such expenditures. Develop recommendations for guidelines to ensure appropriate use of state funds to provide legitimate public education.
12. Monitor urban crime laboratories and their compliance with state laws regulating their functions and make recommendations to restore public trust in their functions and to ensure full compliance with federal Homeland Security reporting requirements. Specifically, review the report issued by the Independent Investigator for the Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory and Property Room, the independent panel review of certain criminal convictions prompted by the conclusions of this report, and the implementation by the City of Houston of any reforms recommended in this report.
13. Study and review state and local options for expanding transportation funding and explore options to reduce diversions of Fund 6 revenue.(Joint charge with Senate Finance Committee)
14. Study and make recommendations relating to whether the Texas Department of Transportation is in compliance with Transportation Code §201.109, Revenue Enhancement, and whether the Texas Department of Transportation is using the funding sources provided by the Legislature, including, but not limited to, General Obligation, Fund 6 and Mobility Fund bonds, to build new roads. (Joint charge with Senate Finance Committee)
15. Study and make recommendations to stem the tide of illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and human smuggling, and to reduce the criminal activities within the Border region. (Joint charge with Senate Committee on International Relations and Trade)
16. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Transportation & Homeland Security Committee, 80th Legislature, Regular Session, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation. Specifically, report on implementation of SB 792, 80th Legislature, Regular Session, and SB 1723, 80th Legislature, Regular Session, to improve the overall collection rate and compliance rate with the Driver Responsibility Program.
Library Catalog Title: Report to the 80th Legislature
Subjects: Animal diseases | Border crossings | Border issues | Child car seats | County courthouses | Driver licenses | Driving while intoxicated | Emergency management | Federal funds | Highway finance | Highway rest areas | Highways | Historic preservation | Homeland security | Official designations | Operation Linebacker | Public Safety, Texas Department of | Railroad crossings | Railroads | Real ID Act | Rights of way | Safe Routes to School Program | Semi-trailer trucks | Traffic safety | Transportation Enhancement Program | Transportation planning | Truck inspection stations | Underground utility lines | Undocumented immigrants | USA Patriot Act | Wright Amendment |
Online version: View report [294 pages File size: 21,985 kb]
1. Study and make recommendations for updating the state's overweight truck fees. Include an analysis and recommendations relating to the distribution of fees collected.
2. Monitor the impact of federal actions regarding the Patriot Act on homeland security activities in Texas. Make recommendations for statutory changes required to implement federal legislation and improve the efficiency of the process.
3. Study the implementation of SB 9, 79th Legislature, Regular Session, relating to homeland security, and make recommendations to enhance its effectiveness. Focus on implementation of provisions relating to mutual aid, including the need for a statewide compact, agricultural inspection stations, the health alert network, radio and computer interoperability and the protection of drinking water and of vital infrastructure. Assess the feasibility of establishing and operating a statewide public building mapping information system for state-owned buildings.
4. Study and make recommendations relating to the Texas Department of Transportation's ability to build, maintain, and relocate rail facilities. Monitor and report on the Departments ability to efficiently contract and provide funding for rail facility construction.
5. Evaluate and make recommendations relating to the naming of state highways and the criteria which should be followed in order to name a highway after a natural person. Include an analysis of criteria used in other states.
6. Study and make recommendations relating to the Texas Department of Transportation's programs designed to increase safety on all state transportation facilities.
7. Monitor ongoing federal, state and local efforts along the Texas Mexico border to combat criminal activity and prevent illegal border crossings. Study other border state activities in regard to the safety, efficiency and security of border crossings. Include an assessment of the impact of security measures on trade and vehicular and pedestrian commerce.
8. Study and make recommendations relating to the relocation of utilities from state owned right-of-way, including an assessment of the costs of relocations, possible funding sources and methods to decrease delays associated with relocation. Joint Charge with Senate Business & Commerce Committee.
9. Review the process by which the Texas Department of Transportation Commission allocates funds to the districts through the Allocation Program. Include a description of all scoring mechanisms used in making allocations of resources and make recommendations for maximizing the use of these funds to meet Legislative objectives. Joint Charges with Senate Finance Committee.
10. Review the process by which the Texas Department of Transportation Commission determines which federal funding sources should be implemented to comply with funding reductions mandated by Congress. Assess the Commission's options for determining how projects that were to be funded out of these reduced revenue sources will be funded this biennium. Joint Charges with Senate Finance Committee.
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Defense Affairs and State-Federal Relations, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2004 : a report to the House of Representatives, 79th Texas Legislature
Subjects: Base realignment and closure | Biometric identification | Emergency management | Homeland security | Military bases | Military personnel | Ports | Terrorism | Texas Military Preparedness Commission |
1. Examine ways that Texas and other states assist local communities that are affected by military base closures. Include opportunities for Texas to benefit from Base Realignment and Closure Commission actions.
2. Monitor the development of a Homeland Security Strategy as set forth in HB 9, 78th Legislature, Regular Session, under the Office of the Governor and identify ways to bring homeland security missions to Texas.
3. Evaluate the uses and security of the ports in the state, including optimizing their role in the deployment of military troops and what measures the state can take to minimize security risks from potential terrorist attacks.
4. Monitor the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction, including the implementation of the Texas Military Preparedness Commission and other legislation by the 78th Legislature.
Committee: Senate Infrastructure Development and Security
Title: Interim Report - Homeland Security
Library Catalog Title: Senate Committee on Infrastructure Development and Security report to the 79th Legislature : homeland security.
Subjects: Emergency management | Homeland security | Immigration | Matricula Consular cards |
1. Study and report on the distribution of federal funds to Texas through the Governor's Office, state agencies, and directly to local units of government for homeland security measures, including but not limited to, public health and welfare, safety, awareness, and the subsequent use of any funds that might be awarded. Make recommendations relating to the development of a method for tracking this information across jurisdictions and state programs. Evaluate the allocation and efficient use of future federal funds to the state and local governments and identify opportunities to enhance current state funding for homeland security and other measures.
2. Evaluate state and local efforts to enhance the security of Texans and make recommendations for improving Texas' ability to detect, deter, and respond to acts of terrorism, including state plans and programs for addressing bioterrorism. Regarding bioterrorism events, the Committee shall focus on early detection of an incident, reporting of information from local health entities, and ability to organize and administer a mass vaccination. Make recommendations relating to improvements to state and local communications networks and develop innovative methods for sharing federal, state, and local information.
3. Study the issue of interoperable communications for first responders. The Committee shall assess the status of this capability and evaluate available technology and costs. In addition, the Committee shall explore pilot programs and proposals by entities such as DPS and the Sheriff's Association, who have been working to assess new technologies and the cost of implementation of systems to assist in effective communication between all parts of the state.
4. Study the issues associated with consular identification cards ("Matricula Consular"), with particular attention to security and verifiability, banking access, local law enforcement relations, and driver's license issuance. Review current FBI reports on security and verifiability. Consider the implications that acceptance of the card on a state or local level would have on federal immigration policy and homeland security.
Committee: House Public Safety
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Public Safety, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2002 : a report to the House of Representatives, 78th Texas Legislature.
Subjects: Concealed weapons | Drug trafficking | Emergency management | Gun laws | Guns | Handguns - Registration | Homeland security | Law enforcement | Substance abuse | Terrorism |
1. Study current laws relating to the possession of weapons, including but not limited to the administration of the concealed handgun laws, and interactions among state, local and federal laws concerning firearms. Make any appropriate recommendations to enhance the efficiency, consistency and clarity of the laws.
2. Study trends and causes in drug use by teens and young adults.
3. Gather information related to state and local emergency planning and preparedness for major disasters, including emergency warning systems and large-scale evacuation planning. Determine whether legislation is needed to protect life and property and to detect, interdict and respond to acts of terrorism.
4. Examine the use of advanced technologies by local law enforcement offices, including various forms of high-tech surveillance. Consider the dilemmas that exist between effective law enforcement and government encroachment into citizens' private lives.
5. Actively monitor agencies and programs under the committee's oversight jurisdiction.
Committee: House Environmental Regulation
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Environmental Regulation, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 1998 : a report to the House of Representatives, 76th Texas Legislature.
Subjects: Air quality | Clean Air Act | Concentrated animal feeding operations | Emergency management | Environmental education | Environmental laws and regulations | Environmental permits | Environmental protection | Grandfathered industrial facilities | Local emergency planning committees | Manure | Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas | Radioactive waste | Solid waste disposal | Statutory revision | Surface water pollution | Tire disposal | Voluntary Emissions Reduction Program | Water quality management |
Library Call Number: L1836.75 en89
1. Review materials of publicly funded environmental educational programs and assess whether the materials and the programs promote views based on scientifically sound information.
2. Review current funding mechanisms for Local Emergency Planning Committees ("LEPC's), which are required by federal law to respond to chemical emergencies. Determine if there are alternative funding methods that would improve the ability of the LEPC's to preform their duties.
3. Compile an inventory of state environmental laws that appear to provide little or no appreciable benefit, and recommend revision or repeal of each law identified.
4. Monitor the activities of the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission to achieve a fair transition for permitting facilities currently operating without air quality permits.
5. Study the cumulative effects of siting numerous confined animal feeding operations (CAFO's) in a geographic area involving multiple state jurisdictions. Determine whether environmental protections are adequate in such situations.
6. Conduct active oversight of state agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction, including the waste tire program, delegation of federal environmental programs, revisions to national ambient air quality standards, and approval of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact.
Library Catalog Title: Interim report of the House Committee on Public Safety, Texas House of Representatives, 70th Legislature.
Subjects: Biometric identification | Databases | Drug enforcement | Drug trafficking | Emergency management | Gun control | Gun laws | Guns | Handguns | Law enforcement | Overtime pay | Peace officers | Police officers | Public Safety, Texas Department of | Right to Carry Act |
Library Call Number: L1836.70 sa17
1. To study the extent of overlap and duplication of effort of state, local, and federal narcotics law enforcement personnel.
2. To study the impact and benefits of new technological advances in the field of law enforcement, including, but not limited to automated finger print retrieval systems, and automated traffic tickets and stolen vehicle checks.
3. To study and compare commissioned law enforcement officers' salaries with cities, other states, and other state employees.
4. Study various gun licensing or permitting laws to carry firearms among the states.
5. To study procedures and emergency management that would be required in the event of a national emergency, including attack, terrorism, or other disruptions of essential governmental activity.
Committee: Senate Texas Disaster Act, Interim
Library Catalog Title: Report of the Senate Interim Committee to Study the Texas Disaster Act.
Subjects: Emergency management | Natural disasters |
Library Call Number: L1836.67 d63s
1. Study disaster response and the possible need for amendments to the Texas Disaster Act. Review the performance of the Division of Emergency Management and the State Emergency Management Council. *
Title: SR 810
Library Call Number: SR 810
Committee: House Intergovernmental Affairs
Library Catalog Title: To the speaker and members of the Texas House of Representatives, 67th Legislature : report of the / Committee on Intergovernmental Affairs, Texas House of Representatives, 67th [i.e. 66th] Legislature.
Subjects: County budgets | County government | County sheriffs | Disaster relief | District attorneys | District courts | Emergency management | Extraterritorial jurisdiction | Hospital districts | Indigent health care | Judicial interpretation of legislation | Liability | Municipal utility districts | Municipalities | Natural disasters | Security guards | Sovereign immunity | State Property Tax Board | Tax Assessor Examiners, Board of | Water districts |
1. Oversight functions shall be conducted for all appropriations-related actions of those agencies assigned to this committee for appropriative purposes during the 66th Regular Session of the Legislature. The agencies include: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations Texas Assessor Examiners State Property Tax Board (School Tax Assessment Practices Board)
2. Review the legal status and effects of validation acts.
3. Review the status of hospital districts in Texas created by general and special law, including processes of petition, election, funding and administration.
4. Review the particular problems encountered by hospital districts which are required to treat large numbers of indigent patients or districts which support medical schools or teaching hospitals. Make recommendations regarding funding for indigent health care and residency programs. *
5. Review county bidding, contracting and purchasing procedures.
6. Determine the costs to counties caused by the district judicial and administrative system of Texas.
7. Study risk management of elected and appointed officials of local government.
8. Study the legal relationships between utility districts and cities' extraterritorial jurisdiction when the two units overlap.
9. Determine the status of reserve deputy sheriffs in Texas with particular attention to the question of employment and compensation for work involving private security.
10. Evaluate the adequacy of the Texas Disaster Act of 1975 to determine if more state effort is needed to assist local governments in disaster relief, cleanup operations, and evacuation planning and machinery.
Committee: House Urban Issues, Select
Library Catalog Title: To the speaker and members of the Texas House of Representatives, 66th Legislature : report / of the Select Committee on Urban Issues, the Texas House of Representatives, 66th Legislature.
Subjects: Counties | Disaster relief | Education | Emergency management | Flooding | Higher education | Land use regulations | Municipal annexation | Municipalities | Natural disasters | Natural resources conservation | Outdoor recreation | Property taxes | Solid waste disposal | Urban sprawl | Water conservation | Water planning |
1. Determine the governance needs of Texas' urban areas in the 1980s, including ordinance making authority, property taxes, and annexation as related to growth patterns.
2. Identify critical issues and potential long-range solutions regarding natural resources, educational, and governance needs of Texas cities in the 1980s.
3. Review factors, including urban expansion and drainage practices, which may have contributed to the increasing frequency and severity of urban flooding. Suggest state and local flood management activities which would reduce the risk of floods. *
4. Study natural resources issues facing local governments, including urban flooding, disaster assistance, emergency preparedness, hazardous waste disposal, low-level radioactive waste, water conservation, water supplies, air pollution, urban recreation and solid waste disposal. *
5. Review education issues facing local governments, including teacher shortages, vocational education, student attendance and discipline, public school finance, and higher education *
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Action > Action Thriller
Action > Martial Arts
Thriller > Action Thriller
Thriller > Police Detective Film
Machete (2010)
directed by Ethan Maniquis, Robert Rodriguez
featuring Danny Trejo, Robert De Niro, Jessica Alba, Steven Seagal, Michelle Rodriguez
Used DVD, 2011
Executive Decision (1996)
directed by Stuart Baird
featuring Kurt Russell, Halle Berry, John Leguizamo, Steven Seagal, Oliver Platt
Out for a Kill (2003)
directed by Michael Oblowitz
featuring Steven Seagal, Corey Johnson, Michelle Goh
Above the Law (1988)
directed by Andrew Davis
featuring Steven Seagal, Pam Grier, Henry Silva, Ron Dean, Daniel Faraldo
Out for Justice (1991)
directed by John Flynn
featuring Steven Seagal, William Forsythe, Jerry Orbach, Jo Champa, Shareen J. Mitchell
Marked for Death (1990)
directed by Dwight H. Little
featuring Steven Seagal, Basil Wallace, Keith David, Tom Wright, Joanna Pacula
Exit Wounds (2001)
directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak
featuring Steven Seagal, DMX, Isaiah Washington, Anthony Anderson, Michael Jai White, Jill Hennessy
Hard to Kill (1990)
directed by Bruce Malmuth
featuring Steven Seagal, Kelly LeBrock, William Sadler, Frederick Coffin, Bonnie Burroughs
Born to Raise Hell (2010)
directed by Lauro Chartrand
featuring Steven Seagal, Dan Badarau, Darren Shahlavi, D. Neil Mark, George Remes
Fire Down Below (1997)
directed by Felix Enriquez Alcala
featuring Steven Seagal, Marg Helgenberger, Harry Dean Stanton, Stephen Lang, Kris Kristofferson
Under Siege (1992)
featuring Steven Seagal, Tommy Lee Jones, Gary Busey, Erika Eleniak, Patrick O'Neal
Cartels (2017)
directed by Keoni Waxman
featuring Steven Seagal, Georges St-Pierre, Luke Goss, Martine Argent, Darren E. "Choo" Scott
Used Blu-Ray, 2017
Half Past Dead (2002)
directed by Don Michael Paul
featuring Steven Seagal, Morris Chestnut, Ja Rule, Nia Peeples, Tony Plana, Bruce Weitz
General Commander (2018)
directed by Philippe Martinez, Ross Clarkson
featuring Steven Seagal, Sonia Couling, Byron Gibson, Mica Javier, Soraya Torrens
A Good Man (2013)
featuring Steven Seagal, Victor Webster, Tzi Ma, Julia Verdes, Ron Balicki, Massimo Dobrovic
New DVD, 2014
On Deadly Ground (1994)
directed by Steven Seagal
featuring Steven Seagal, Michael Caine, Joan Chen, John C. McGinley, R. Lee Ermey
Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995)
directed by Geoff Murphy
featuring Steven Seagal, Eric Bogosian, Katherine Heigl, Everett McGill, Morris Chestnut, Nick Mancuso
The Keeper (2009)
featuring Steven Seagal, Luce Rains, Liezl Carstens, Aaron Shiver, Stephan Duvall
The Patriot (1998)
directed by Dean Semler
featuring Steven Seagal, Gailard Sartain, L.Q. Jones, Philip Winchester
Kill Switch (2008)
directed by Jeff F. King
featuring Steven Seagal, Chris Thomas King, Jerry Rector, Isaac Hayes, Holly Elissa Dignard
A Dangerous Man (2009)
featuring Steven Seagal, Byron Mann, Mike Dopud, Jesse Hutch, Terry Chen
Attrition (2018)
directed by Mathieu Weschler
featuring Steven Seagal, Rudy Youngblood
The Glimmer Man (1996)
directed by John Gray
featuring Steven Seagal, Keenen Ivory Wayans, Bob Gunton, Brian Cox, Michelle Johnson
directed by Titus Paar
featuring Steven Seagal, Johnny Messner, Sasha Jackson, Richard Tyson
Force of Execution (2013)
featuring Steven Seagal, Danny Trejo, Ving Rhames, Bren Foster
Victor Webster
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Reborn as a Polar Bear
This series is rated Adults Only
DISCLAIMER: graphic sexuality
After a climber falls off a mountain, he wakes up as a polar bear! Now, he has to protect two werewolf sisters and use his wits to navigate the dangers of the forest.
Latest Releases2
Vol. 2: The Legend of How I Became a Forest Guardian
Woof Woof Story: I Told You to Turn Me Into a Pampered Pooch, Not Fenrir!
As corporate slave Routa Okami keels over in the middle of his busy office, he imagines about how nice it would have been to live as the pet of some of rich family instead of literally working himself to death. When a goddess actually grants that wish and brings him back as a pampered pooch, Routa is over the moon! ...But wait, why is he howling at it...?
Our Last Crusade or the Rise of a New World
The Nebulis Sovereignty and the Empire are embroiled in a war without end. The Ice Calamity Witch, a Nebulis mage of incredible power, and Iska, the youngest swordsman of the Empire ever to become a Saint Disciple, find themselves face-to-face on the battlefield. Each seeks to bring a close to this ceaseless conflict. Little do they know, however, that their meeting will be the catalyst that shape
Combatants Will Be Dispatched!
Secret Society Kusaragi's on a mission to conquer the world, one lewd remark at a time. With a garbage reputation and a knack for trash talking, these guys are hardly the elite force needed for an invasion, but for something as insane as world domination? Maybe.
How a Realist Hero Rebuilt the Kingdom
"O, Hero!" With that cliched line, Kazuya Souma found himself summoned to another world and his adventure--did not begin. After he presents his plan to strengthen the country economically and militarily, the king cedes the throne to him and Souma finds himself saddled with ruling the nation! What's more, he's betrothed to the king's daughter now...?! In order to get the country back on i
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Petrol Diesel Price
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Bartholomew Ogbeche of Kerala Blasters FC in action during match 63 of the Indian Super League ( ISL ) between Jamshedpur FC and Kerala Blasters FC held at the JRD Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur, India on the 19th January 2020. Photo by: Deepak Malik / SPORTZPICS for ISLe Late Kerala shocker hands Jamshedpur welcome win Jamshedpur, January 19: Jamshedpur ended their winless run with a dramatic...
Conducting Block Development Council Elections in J&K a historical step: Anurag Thakur
Pashmina Posted On: 19 JAN 2020 6:39PM by PIB Delhi The Union Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Shri. Anurag Singh Thakur today said that Jammu and Kashmir has suffered immensely due to the historical mistakes, and this has had a detrimental impact on its political, social and economic development. He said this while inaugurating various...
14th Foundation Day of Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) celebrated
Indian Rails - Maharaja By PIB Delhi The 14th Foundation Day of Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) was celebrated at a function in New Delhi on 18th January 2020. Speaking on the occasion, Minister of Railways and Commerce & Industry Shri PiyushGoyal congratulated team DFCCIL for completing 500 km of Dedicated Freight Corridor and...
Sreemanti Dey secures 99.99 percentile in JEE MAINS 2020 and Tops West Bengal
Aakash student Sreemanti Dey secures 99.99 percentile in JEE MAINS 2020, Tops West Bengal Kolkata/ Jan 19, 2020: Sreemanti Deya student of Aakash Institute, has done West Bengal proud by topping the State Merit List of the coveted JEE MAINS 2020 engineering entrance examination. She has topped in West Bengal and scored a percentile of 99.99. Congratulating Sreemanti...
PM to interact with students, teachers and parents at "Pariksha Pe Charcha 2020"
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting with Council of Ministers, in New Delhi on January 17, 2020. By PIB Delhi The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi will interact with a cross section of Students, Teachers and Parents at "Pariksha Pe Charcha 2020" on 20th January, 2020. The Third edition of Prime Minister's Interaction Programme with...
Three Media Centers to be established at Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, says Dr Jitendra Singh
The Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region (I/C), Prime Ministers Office, Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr. Jitendra Singh addressing the gathering at the Special Public Outreach Programme for the UT of J&K, in Jammu on January 18, 2020. By PIB Delhi The Union Minister of State...
Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises Minister Inaugurates ELECRAMA 2020
The Union Minister for Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Information & Broadcasting and Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise, Shri Prakash Javadekar lighting the lamp to inaugurate the Elecrama 2020, at India Expo Mart, in Greater Noida on January 18, 2020. The Minister of State for Power, New & Renewable Energy (Independent Charge) and Skill Development...
Lethal ATK strangle high-flying Goa
Seiminlen Doungel of FC Goa and Armando Sosa Pena of ATK in action during match 62 of the Indian Super League ( ISL ) between ATK and FC Goa held at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata, India on the 18th January 2020. Photo by: Deepak Malik / SPORTZPICS for ISL Lethal ATK strangle high-flying Goa Kolkata, January 18: ATK emerged 2-0 victors against FC Goa in a closely-fought top-of-the-table...
Launch of The Winning Sixer-Leadership Lessons to Master
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An Industry Meet ahead of 'Wings India 2020' Kickstarts in Bengaluru today
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Home Entertainment & Sports Law Florida Lafayette County
Lafayette County, Florida Entertainment & Sports Lawyers
Find Lafayette County, Florida Entertainment & Sports Attorneys by City
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ABlawgsearchSocial Media
Jason M. Melton Esq.
Alachua County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(352) 264-7800The Catholic University of AmericaSouthern Methodist UniversityU.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida and FloridaMartindale-Hubbell, Martindale-Hubbell, Martindale-Hubbell and Martindale-HubbellHernando County Bar Association, The Academy of Florida Trial Lawyers..."The legal perspective on car insurance"
Mr. Richard Henry Fabiani II
(352) 505-5451Tulane UniversityUniversity of FloridaFloridaBUsiness Law Section of Florida Bar and Real Property and Probate Section of the Florida Bar
Jo-Anne Yau
Duval County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(904) 564-7800Florida Coastal School of LawUniversity of CalgaryFloridaFlorida Coastal School of Law, Florida Coastal School of Law and Florida Coastal School of LawFlorida State BarWanna Know a Secret? Successful Business Owners are Tight-Lipped on Tricks of the Trade
Mark A. Baker
Leon County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(678) 999-3944Cumberland School of Law, Samford University and University of Alabama School of Law4th Circuit, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and TennesseeTennessee State Bar, North Carolina State Bar...David Bowie: Star Man, Elvis Costello: My Aim Is True...
Mr. Ashwin Sharma
(904) 779-0111Florida Coastal School of LawFloridaAmerican Immigration Lawyers AssociationUS Immigration Blog and Infosys Visa Fraud: Judge Dismisses Whistleblower Suit
Howard Gardner Butler
(904) 398-2308Stetson University College of LawFloridaFlorida State Bar
Jamin Douglas Rubenstein
Saint Johns County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(855) 777-4332FloridaFlorida State Bar
Joseph Vincent Camerlengo
Laurel French Wilson
(904) 242-9631University of Florida, Fredric G. Levin College of LawFloridaFlorida State Bar
Kas DeCarvalho
Palm Beach County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(866) 353-5020University of North Carolina School of Law and Harvard Law SchoolUniversity of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and Phillips Exeter AcademyRhode IslandSuperlawyers , Providence Business News and Providence Business NewsRhode Island Bar Association and Thurgood Marshall Law Society"The Best Insurance Policy in Business is a No-Risk Culture" and Home-birth Blogging Battle Leads to Copyright Suit - "Fair Use"
Lawrence Howard Kolin
Orange County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(800) 863-1462University of Miami School of LawFlorida and U.S. Supreme CourtThe Florida BarThe Florida Bar, Florida State Bar...Mediate ESI Issues Early and Get Back to the Merits of your Case, Civil rules panel to discuss e-discovery at convention...
Evelyn Suero
Miami-Dade County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(305) 396-8772University of Pennsylvania Law SchoolFloridaSuper Lawyers, Super Lawyers and Super LawyersDade County Bar Association, The Florida Bar...Pirates of the Trade - OWIT Webinar
Cody L. Frank
Broward County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(954) 374-1919St. Thomas University School of LawFlorida State UniversityFlorida and New YorkSt. Thomas University School of Law, CALI Excellence for the Future Award and CALI Excellence for the Future AwardBroward County Bar AssociationParallel Proceedings Invite Unfair Settlement Agreements
Ivan Jose Parron Esq.
(305) 459-3349Florida International University and Florida State University College of LawFlorida International University11th Circuit, 2nd Circuit, District of Columbia, Florida, Florida Southern District Bankruptcy Court, New York, U.S. Supreme Court and U.S. Tax CourtBillboard MagazineMiami-Dade County, Florida, City of Miami Beach, Florida...Safekeeping: Protecting Your TV Show Idea and Kim Kardashian's Face-Off with Old Navy
Lisa R Wilcox LL.M.
Pinellas County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(888) 945-2695Stetson University College of Law and Stetson University College of LawUniversity of South FloridaFederal Middle District of Florida, Federal Southern District of Florida and FloridaSt. Petersburg Bar Association and Florida State Bar
Hurley Partin Whitaker II
Marion County, FL Entertainment & Sports Law Attorney
(855) 473-1818Florida A&M University College of LawUniversity of Central FloridaFloridaThe Florida Bar, Central Florida Bankruptcy Lawyers Association...
Brenda Schamy
(786) 581-2542University of Miami School of LawNorthwestern UniversityFlorida and District of ColumbiaAmerican Bar AssociationLawyer and Entrepreneur, One and the Same
David Fisher Tamaroff
(888) 871-0783University of Miami School of LawHBX | Harvard Business School and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute11th Circuit, Federal Circuit, Florida, U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas and U.S. District Court for the Western District of TexasFinance Monthly, Super Lawyers, Super Lawyers and Finance MonthlyCopyright Society of the USA and Federal Bar Association (FBA)Bottling the Free Flow of Information: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. and EU Database Protection and Social Bookmarking Lacks the Flava of Copyright Infringement
Ronnie Bitman
(407) 647-0090Indiana University Maurer School of LawUniversity of Michigan - Ann ArborFlorida, California and District of ColumbiaSuper Lawyers and Florida TrendAmerican Bar Association and District of Columbia BarRocking Wrigley: The Chicago Cubs' Off-Field Struggle to Compete For Ticket Sales With Its Rooftop Neighbors, 56 Fed. Comm. L. J. 377 (2004).
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawgsearchSocial MediaResponsive Law
Joel Benjamin Rothman
(561) 404-4350Benjamin N. Cardozo School of LawState University of New York - AlbanyNew York, USDC, Eastern District of New York, USDC, Southern District of New York, Florida, 11th Circuit, USDC, Middle District of Florida, USDC, Northern District of Florida, USDC, Southern District of Florida, USDC, District of Colorado, Federal Circuit, USDC, Eastern District of Texas, USDC, Western District of Michigan, USDC, Southern District of Texas, 5th Circuit, U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, USDC, District of Columbia, USDC, Northern District of New York, USDC, Western District of New York and GeorgiaMartindale-HubbellAmerican Intellectual Property Law Association and Copyright Society of the USADietary Supplement Law and Effective due diligence for mergers, acquisitions and financial transactions in the food, beverage and dietary supplement industry: avoiding recalls, claims and class actions
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Lafayette County, Florida Entertainment & Sports Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
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Home Nursing Home Abuse North Dakota Mandan
Mandan, North Dakota Nursing Home Abuse Lawyers
David Michael Knoll
Bismarck, ND Nursing Home Abuse Attorney
(701) 255-2010University of North DakotaNorth Dakota State UniversityArizona, Colorado and North DakotaNorth Dakota State Bar
Alexander Reichert
Grand Forks, ND Nursing Home Abuse Attorney
(701) 787-8802University of North Dakota School of LawUniversity of Minnesota - Twin CitiesNorth Dakota, South Dakota, 8th Circuit, Minnesota and U.S. Supreme CourtNorth Dakota State Bar
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Mandan, North Dakota Nursing Home Abuse Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
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Home Products Liability New Mexico Las Cruces
Las Cruces, New Mexico Products Liability Lawyers
Daisy Chaparro
Las Cruces, NM Products Liability Attorney
(575) 222-1000Texas Tech University School of LawTexas, New Mexico and 10th CircuitEl Paso Young Lawyer's Association, The National Trial Lawyers, The Order of Barristers and Texas Tech University School of LawState Bar of Texas, El Paso County Trial Lawyers Association...The Slip and Fall Case
Charles Julius Ruhmann
(855) 394-4529St. Mary's University School of LawBaylor UniversityArizona, New Mexico and TexasNational Association of Distinguished Counsel (NADC), BBB Accredited Business, The National Trial Lawyers, National League of Renowned Attorneys...Texas Trial Lawyers Association and New Mexico Trial Lawyers Association
Samuel Isaiah Kane
(575) 526-5263MiamiFlorida and New MexicoNew Mexico State Bar
Mark D. Fine
Albuquerque, NM Products Liability Attorney
(800) 640-6590University of New MexicoHaverford College in Pennsylvania10th Circuit, 9th Circuit and New MexicoACLU and SuperlawyersNew Mexico State Bar
Joseph M. Fine
(800) 640-6590Syracuse UniversityColby CollegeNew York, U.S. Supreme Court and New MexicoMartindale Hubbell, Super Lawyers, Albuquerque magazine and American Trial Lawyers AssociationNew Mexico State Bar and New Mexico Trial Lawyers AssociationAdvanced Personal Injury Practice in New Mexico and Trial Strategies for High Dollar Cases
(505) 889-3463University of New MexicoVassar CollegeNew MexicoSuper Lawyers, American Trial Lawyers Association and Martindale-HubbellNew Mexico Trial Lawyers Association and Association of Trial Lawyers of America
Paul M. Dominguez
Los Ranchos De Albuquerque, NM Products Liability Attorney
(505) 850-5854University of New MexicoUniversity of Houston10th Circuit, New Mexico, Texas and U.S. District Court, District of New MexicoThe National Trial LawyersState Bar of Texas, New Mexico State Bar...
Charlotte Itoh
(800) 640-6590University of New Mexico School of LawMary Washington CollegeNew MexicoState Bar of the New Mexico and New Mexico Trial Lawyers Association
Mr. Ted Liggett
Hobbs, NM Products Liability Attorney
Texas Tech University School of LawSouthern Methodist UniversityTexasMartindale-Hubbell, Martindale-Hubbell, Million Dollar Advocates Forum and Multi Million Dollar Advocates ForumMillion Dollar Advocates Forum, Multi Million Dollar Advocates Forum...
Jeffrey Pitman
Santa Fe, NM Products Liability Attorney
(800) 999-7573Marquette University Law SchoolWisconsin, Illinois, Iowa and New MexicoWisconsin State Bar, State Bar of New Mexico...
Raynard Struck
(505) 217-2200Pepperdine University School of Law and University of New Mexico School of LawNew Mexico and New MexicoNew Mexico State Bar and NMTLA
Michael P. Jasso
Rio Rancho, NM Products Liability Attorney
(505) 263-2820University of New Mexico10th Circuit and New MexicoUniversity of New Mexico and University of New Mexico FacultyState Bar of New Mexico
Mr. Ben Davis
(505) 242-7200Baylor Law School and The University of Texas School of Law10th Circuit, New Mexico and Texas, andNew Mexico Trial Lawyers Association and State Bar of New Mexico
Joshua Bradley
(505) 585-4529University of New MexicoUniversity of New Mexico and Daytona State CollegeNew Mexico and U.S. District Court in the District of New MexicoState Bar of New Mexico and American Association for Justice
Kedar Bhasker
(505) 407-2088Baylor Law SchoolNew MexicoState Bar of New Mexico and New Mexico Trial Lawyers
John Milton Black
(855) 220-5290The University of Texas School of LawUniversity of Texas - AustinTexas, U.S. Supreme Court and New MexicoAmerican Association for Justice, New Mexico Trial Lawyers Association...
Justin Ross Kaufman
(888) 888-6428Temple University Beasley School of LawCornell UniversityNew Mexico and New YorkNew York State Bar and State Bar of New Mexico
Joshua Wood
(505) 390-4050Arizona Summit Law SchoolUniversity of Nevada-Las VegasArizona and New MexicoState Bar of Arizona
David J. Jaramillo
(505) 200-9454University of New Mexico School of LawSt. John’s CollegeNew MexicoMartindale-HubbellAmerican Association for Justice and American Law Institute
Mia E. Touchet
(505) 200-0590University of New Mexico School of LawDenison UniversityMartindale-HubbellNew Mexico Trial Lawyers Association and American Associate for Justice
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Las Cruces, New Mexico Products Liability Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
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Start Over You searched for: Date 1886 ✖Remove constraint Date: 1886 Media Type Images ✖Remove constraint Media Type: Images Subject (Topic) Earthquakes--South Carolina ✖Remove constraint Subject (Topic): Earthquakes--South Carolina Subject (Topic) Charleston Earthquake, S.C., 1886 ✖Remove constraint Subject (Topic): Charleston Earthquake, S.C., 1886 Subject (Topic) Church buildings ✖Remove constraint Subject (Topic): Church buildings
1. Citadel Square Baptist Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.117, Citadel Square Baptist Church.' Also, handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - Citadel Square Baptist Church.'
2. First Baptist Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.76, First Baptist Church, front.' Handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - First Baptist Church, Church Street.'
3. Goose Creek Church
Handwritten at bottom, front: 'Goose Creek Church.'
4. Second Presbyterian Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.81, Flinn's Church.' Handwritten notation next to it and at bottom, front: '2nd Presbyterian Church.'
5. St. Michael's Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.2, St. Michael's Church, Interior.' Handwritten along bottom: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - interior of St. Michael's Church.' Very similar to MK 4133.
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity, Series No.2. No.153, Main aisle of St. Michael's Church, showing fissures and upheavals.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.1, St. Michael's Church, showing cracks.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.107, St. Michael's under repairs.
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.2, St. Michael's Church, Interior.'
10. Mariner's Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.150, Mariner's Church, exterior." Also, handwritten at bottom of image: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - Mariners' Church, Church Street ? East Bay'
Caption: Cook's Earthquake View of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.151, Mariner's Church, interior.' Also, handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - Interior of Mariners' Church, on Church Street.'
12. Unitarian Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake View of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.14, Unitarian Church, exterior.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.128, Tower of Unitarian Church.'
14. Huguenot Church
Caption: Cook's Earthquake Vies of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.96, Huguenot Church'
15. Dorchester Church Tower
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Series No.2. No.166, Dorchester Church Tower, rear.'
16. First (Scots) Presbyterian Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. [Marked as] No.16, First Presbyterian Church [and] No.99, Rear of Scotch Church.' Handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - First Presbyterian Church - side and rear view.'
17. St. Paul's Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No. 17, St. Paul's Church.' St. Luke and St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, Coming Street.
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.144, Dorchester Church Tower.'
19. St. Luke's Episcopal Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886.' Possibly No.178, but corresponding captioning is missing. Handwritten on reverse: 'Formerly St. Luke's Episcopal now [New Tabernacle] Fourth Baptist Church, 22 Elizabeth Street.' Handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - St. Luke's Episcopal Church.'
20. St. Michael's Church and Police Station
St.Michael's Church, at left, and Police Station, at right.
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.99, Rear of Scotch Church.' Handwritten at bottom, front: 'Charleston Earthquake scene - Rear of First Presbyterian Church.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.99, Rear of Scotch Church.' First (Scots) Presbyterian Church on Meeting Street.
23. St. Mary's Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.79, St. Mary's Church. [And handwritten] Hasell Street.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.15, Unitarian Church, interior.'
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.16, First Presbyterian Church.'
26. Goose Creek Church
Caption: 'Cook's Earthquake Views of Charleston and Vicinity. Taken after the 31st of August, 1886. No.48, Goose Creek Church, interior.'
27. Harper's Weekly
Caption: 'The Ruins Of Charleston.--photographed by W.E. Wilson, Savannah, Georgia. 1. The Guard House. 2. St. Michael's Church. 3. News and Courier Office. 4. St. Philip's Church. 5. No.27 Broad Street. 6. Hibernian Hall. 7. The Medical College.'
Charleston Museum Earthquake Photographs26
Charleston Museum Illustrated Newspapers Collection1
The Charleston Museum Archives27
Images✖[remove]27
Buildings--Earthquake effects--South Carolina--Charleston27
Charleston Earthquake, S.C., 1886✖[remove]27
Church buildings✖[remove]27
Earthquakes--South Carolina✖[remove]27
Historic buildings--South Carolina--Charleston21
Police stations2
Towers2
Newspaper buildings1
Low Country27
Meeting Street (Charleston, S.C.)10
Goose Creek (S.C.)2
Summerville (S.C.)2
1886✖[remove]27
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Home PEOPLE Andrew project suffers sponsorship blow amid Epstein statement calls
Andrew project suffers sponsorship blow amid Epstein statement calls
The Duke of York being interviewed by Emily Maitlis
Prince Andrew has been dealt a major blow after a sponsor of his flagship business project said it was not renewing support – as calls continued for him to make a statement about Jeffrey Epstein.
Andrew is facing the embarrassing prospect of charities and institutions he is associated with distancing themselves, as lawyers for the convicted sex offender’s victims urged him to tell US authorities what he knows.
The duke was caught up in further controversy when a newspaper columnist claimed Andrew used a racially-offensive word during a Buckingham Palace meeting in 2012.
The Queen and other senior royals are said to “back and believe” Andrew’s defence of himself in the BBC interview “100%”, sources told the Evening Standard.
One alleged Epstein victim gave an emotional account of her ordeal as she launched a civil lawsuit against the sex offender’s estate and made a direct appeal to the duke after her lawyer, Gloria Allred, called on him to make a statement.
The 31-year-old – known only as Jane Doe 15 – said: “I would also like to say I agree with Gloria that Prince Andrew, and any others that are close to Epstein, should come forward and give a statement under oath on what information they have.”
The fall-out from Andrew’s Newsnight appearance has already begun, with the Outward Bound Trust, which the duke supports as patron, saying it will hold a board meeting in the next few days when members will discuss issues raised by Saturday’s interview.
The student jury at Huddersfield University, where Andrew is chancellor, passed a motion to lobby the duke to resign, with a full statement expected from the Students’ Union on Tuesday.
KPMG’s sponsorship contract with Andrew’s Pitch@Palace, a mentoring scheme for tech start-ups and entrepreneurs, expired at the end of October and will not be renewed, a source told the PA news agency.
A spokesman for Buckingham Palace said: “KPMG’s contract with Pitch@Palace ended at the end of October. A full programme of Pitch@Palace events is continuing across the United Kingdom.”
Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca told the Daily Telegraph it is also reviewing its future with the mentoring scheme: “Our three-year partnership with Pitch@Palace is due to expire at the end of this year and is currently being reviewed.”
Andrew’s appearance on Newsnight to explain his friendship with the convicted sex offender and deny allegations of having sex with an under-age teenager has been widely condemned, but the duke is said to being standing by his decision to put his side of the story.
US lawyer Spencer Kuvin, who represents a woman who claims she was a victim of Epstein, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that Andrew should come forward to help the ongoing investigation into the disgraced American financier.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson was asked if he would encourage Andrew to co-operate with US authorities about his knowledge of the disgraced financier’s activities but he brushed the question off, during an election campaign event at the CBI annual conference, saying “nice try there”.
It also emerged on Monday that Virginia Giuffre has given an interview to BBC’s Panorama.
PA understands that the 35-year-old reiterated her claims that she slept with Andrew when she was just 17 after being trafficked by Epstein.
The interview, which was filmed three weeks ago, is due to be broadcast in the coming weeks.
A spokesman for the BBC said: “We never comment on investigations.”
The duke’s interview on Saturday has been widely criticised, with commentators questioning his responses and condemning his unsympathetic tone and seeming lack of remorse over the friendship with Epstein, who killed himself in jail while facing sex trafficking charges.
The Evening Standard published on its front page the claim made by its columnist Rohan Silva that, while a Downing Street aide specialising in the tech economy, the duke made a racist remark.
“On the date that’s being suggested I was at home with the children… I’d taken Beatrice to Pizza Express in Woking.”
Prince Andrew tells @maitlis he was elsewhere the night it has been claimed he had his photo taken with a woman who says they had sex
#Newsnight pic.twitter.com/XoDEALx5MJ
— BBC Newsnight (@BBCNewsnight) November 16, 2019
He told the newspaper that, when he asked Andrew if the government department responsible for trade “could be doing a better job”, the duke replied: “Well, if you’ll pardon the expression, that really is the n***** in the woodpile.”
Sources have categorically denied that Andrew used the word.
During the interview, the duke, questioned by Newsnight presenter Emily Maitlis, twice stated that his relationship with Epstein had some “seriously beneficial outcomes”, giving him the opportunity to meet people and prepare for a future role as a trade envoy.
Andrew denied that he slept with Virginia Giuffre, one of Epstein’s victims, on three separate occasions, twice while she was under age, saying one encounter in 2001 did not happen as he spent the day with his daughter, Princess Beatrice, taking her to Pizza Express in Woking for a party.
The same alleged sexual liaison, which the American said began with the duke sweating heavily as they danced at London nightclub Tramp, was factually wrong as Andrew said he had a medical condition at the time which meant he did not sweat.
Previous articleKylie Jenner sells majority stake in her cosmetics business
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Congress formally opens impeachment of President Donald Trump
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Nassau News
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Concert Reviews & Previews
Steve Mosco – Eat or Die
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Home Arts, Music & Entertainment Forest Hills Stadium: Queens Music Mecca
Forest Hills Stadium: Queens Music Mecca
Dave Gil de Rubio
Forest Hills Stadium
Summer 2017 continues to see the latter-day rebirth of Forest Hills Stadium. Now going into its 94th year of existence, the former home of the U.S. Open has continued its rich legacy of being the site for a number of historic concerts held during its heyday from the 1960s through the early 1980s, when the likes of The Beatles, Barbra Streisand, Frank Sinatra, Jimi Hendrix, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Police, Talking Heads and Marvin Gaye graced this Queens stage.
Since reopening the stadium in 2013, Madison House Presents music promoter and booking agent Mike Luba hasn’t missed a beat. With Mumford & Sons getting the ball rolling four years ago, Luba has given concert-goers the opportunity to see an impressive array of national acts to play the stadium including Bob Dylan, The Who (both who had played here earlier in their careers), Dolly Parton, Santana, Van Morrison, Chic, D’Angelo and Paul Simon, who performed a two-date homecoming set last year.
This season is no different as The xx, Hall & Oates, Tears for Fears, The Chainsmokers and Sigur Ros have already played, with Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, John Mellencamp, Emmylou Harris, The National, Interpol and My Morning Jacket slated to fill the remainder of the season.
“I think we are all pretty pleased with the diverse and eclectic lineup. We covered a lot of musical ground this summer,” he said. “The [artists] love it. There is a real circuit, which tends to be an endless tour and then you get to a place like this that tends to be unique and I think it’s a really nice change of pace for everyone. And then the fact that the stadium itself is so intimate and the crowd is so immediate and intense that the gigs, so far, have all been great. We’ve been charmed and lucky.”
Owned by the West Side Tennis Club since it was erected in 1923, Forest Hills Stadium got its most recent upgrade when Luba arranged to have benefactors pour between $4 to $5 million into renovating the space and wound up putting another $1 million into the infrastructure as a means of making this a more upscale concert-going experience. Last season saw the addition of upscale Port-a-Potties that included air conditioning, running water, flushable toilets and sinks in the bathrooms.
This year’s improvements included doubling the size of the entrance concourse and replacing the red clay surface with synthetic grass. But for the most part, this year’s upgrades are invisible to the human eye, despite having a substantial overall impact.
“This season we did lots of infrastructure upgrades—drainage, paving, stage area and the box office,” Luba explained. “The biggest improvement is the expanded grassy main concourse area.”
Entrance to Forest Hills Stadium Photos by Adam Macchia)
A peek inside one of the newly renovated secret private lounges
Guests gather together before to show
View of the sunset from the upper level of Forest Hills Stadium
The craft beer station is always
The audience waits excitedly for The XX to begin.
The XX plays to a full house.
The light show wowed the crowd.
Among the more unique nuances Forest Hills Stadium boasts are hidden private lounges which provide a stellar sightline to the stage. Last year, four of them opened, including one where VIPs, friends of the performers and concert organizers entered through a fake Port-a-Potty and were allowed access with the help of a password. Like their predecessors, the ones that have been added this year are not unlike a high-class speakeasy complete with a full bar, vintage tennis ephemera and other items unearthed during renovations. The new lounges also include outdoor patio areas featuring fake grass, bordered by hedges, and new iron arches inspired by drawing designs of the 1920s version of the stadium.
With this venue being in the middle of the residential neighborhood that is Forest Hills Gardens, Luba diligently works on being a good neighbor. Noise concerns and increased foot traffic have been addressed by rerouting concert-goer flow so fans wind up walking along where Burns Street abuts the Long Island Rail Road, and installing sound-absorbing material along the fence lining the perimeter of the stadium’s property, adding stairway enclosures to muffle leaking sound and noise-proofing the side and rear portions of the permanent stage. Aesthetics are also being addressed via plans to start upgrading the outside fencing surrounding the venue, which hasn’t been touched since the 1950s.
The Who at Forest Hills Stadium in 2015
“People have actually complained that the acoustic soundproofing has made it so that no one can hear music being played just outside the stadium,” the Albertson native pointed out.
Given that Forest Hills Stadium is not unlike the equivalent of a summer home that needs constant upgrades, everything having to do with this space makes it very much a work in progress that includes a learning curve being built into each subsequent season with a wish list attached to it.
“Every year the stadium and the grounds reveal new things and we try as hard as we can to listen to what is being told to us and take steps to make things better,” Luba said. “It feels like it will be an ongoing and potentially endless quest to get things just right.”
Visit www.foresthillsstadium.com to find out more about Forest Hills Stadium.
Check out Long Island Weekly’s Summer Music Guide Part II, listing all the hottest concerts at venues nearby:
Summer Music Guide Concert Listings Part II
Previous articleWhy You Need An Eye Exam
Next articleEvolution Through Mentorship
In addition to being editor of Massapequa Observer and Hicksville News, Dave Gil de Rubio is a regular contributor to Long Island Weekly, specializing in music and sports features. He has won several awards for writing from Press Club of Long Island (PCLI).
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Lost In Football
Discover Japan through the beautiful game
How to watch football in Japan
What we’re all about
Tag: Vegalta Sendai
Iwata: Finding Jubilo in a city of music and motors
It may not be a major tourist destination, but this quirky part of Shizuoka has its charms and a team struggling to rediscover past glories Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps).…
A tribute to the greatest ground hopper
What started with an uneventful game on a dreary day in Plymouth has turned into a passion for watching football around the world. There’s one man to thank for that…
Nagoya: A punk rocking football city of the past, present and future
Overlooked Nagoya is one of the best places to travel in Japan. Especially if you can catch a Nagoya Grampus game
Sendai: Passionate football fans in a city full of history and culture
Sendai: A city of passionate football fans, history and culture
Emperor's Cup Road to the Final
Japan: Travel + Football
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Mathieu Gallois
Displacement/Belonging
1995 - 2001 Polystyrene Artworks
1996 - Social Portraits
1993 - 2007 Site Specific Works
2001 - Indigenous Engagement
2007 - Expanded Practice
Speculative Projects
Residential Design Philosophy
Skills & Knowledge Base
Resume as a Designer & Project Manager
Entire Architecture, Design, Project Management Resume as PDF
Text/Press
Reviews / Essays
Resumes & Professional Services
Art Resume
Tutor / Lecturer Resume
Architecture, Design, Project Management Resume
Polystyrene art works 1995 – 2001 2001
Mathieu Gallois, 2001
As a student at the Canberra School of art in the 1990s, Gallois came across a small piece of polystyrene discarded in the sculpture workshop and preceded to make a series of sculptures from this curious and fascinating material.
During this early art-making period, Gallois was interested in creating ephemeral works that subverted the commercialisation of art. As an odd non-material, polystyrene proved to be an appropriately subversive ‘vehicle’ for these concerns.
The first polystyrene sculpture Gallois made was a ‘sketch’ investigation of form and materials Untitled (1995). The work’s aim was to blur the distinction between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The sculptures materials included unprocessed photographic paper, polystyrene, reflective foil, soft foam covered in rainbow coloured materials and synthetic day-glow pink clean and wipe cloth. A subsequent work was a life sized post-modern reinterpretation of Clement Meadmore’s sculptures Meadmore revisted (1995). The final series Gallois made in Canberra consisted of nature scapes carved in polystyrene. Representative of these works was Nature in Reproduction (1996). In this work, Gallois carved a fragment of a rain forest out of polystyrene and reproduced that element in receding increments, creating a three-dimensional, in perspective, sculpture of ‘nature’.
Gallois’ investigations and use of polystyrene culminated in the creation of Frontier (1998). Created as a site-specific work in the Blair Athol Neighbourhood development in Western Sydney, the work consisted of a full-scale house made from polystyrene. Frontier expressed the social and material alienation Gallois felt at the time, and it critiqued the alienating structures of expedient profit driven urban development. In 2001, with the generous support of art patron Peter Fay, Gallois created Drive Thru for the Helen Lempriere National Sculpture Award in Melbourne (the work was Highly Commended by the judges). For the prize’s catalogue, Gallois wrote the following the essay ‘Polystyrene’.
Polystyrene is the signature material of Gallois’ early practice.
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Guide to Wyoming Rivers
Community, Farm and Ranch
With more than 27,000 miles of fishable waters, Wyoming is an angler’s dream come true. From glacial lakes to big tailwaters that support thousands of trout per mile, it’s little wonder one of the country’s most expansive states is also one of the world’s most popular fishing destinations.
Below is a guide to Wyoming’s best trout fishing rivers from our friends at Orvis. Contact our team to learn more about why the Cowboy State is one of the last best kept secrets in fishing and to explore how to experience this remarkable region.
YELLOWSTONE RIVER (PARK SECTION)
Fly fishing the Upper Yellowstone River within Yellowstone National Park takes anglers to one of the remotest regions of the lower 48 states, and the headwaters of the longest free-flowing river in the US. The first 25 miles of the Yellowstone River flow through the Park, and Yellowstone cutthroat thrive in its freestone waters. While the cascading headwaters hold mostly smaller cutthroats, the winding, slower water between Thorofare and Yellowstone Lake hold many fish reaching the 20-inch mark, or above.
FIREHOLE RIVER & SLOUGH CREEK
Yes, they’re all amazing, and it’s hard to pick just one river in or around Yellowstone National Park, while leaving room to discuss other regions of Wyoming. It would take a lifetime to discover what each of these pristine rivers has to offer — or you could hire a Yellowstone National Park guide who already has the experience. The Firehole River and Slough Creek both provide quintessentially Western fly-fishing experiences and no list of the best fly-fishing rivers in Wyoming would be complete without them. Whether you’re casting next to geysers and geothermal features along the Firehole, or sight fishing cutthroat along Slough Creek’s meadows, Yellowstone National Park’s rivers will make you think you’ve gone to angler’s heaven.
South of Yellowstone National Park you’ll find Grand Teton National Park and the Snake River. If you’ve never heard of fly fishing before, you’ll likely have seen a picture of the Wyoming section of the Snake River. Its scenic path through the valley of Jackson Hole is a photographer’s dream. But the cutthroats and browns (lower sections of the park) are what draw anglers from all over the world. The river begins as a series of small creeks, 15 miles from the nearest road. Most fish here are cutthroats in the eight- to ten-inch range, but for a true wilderness fishing experience, few places in the Lower 48 can compare. Below Jackson Lake, the Snake River grows to an easily floatable river with gravel bars, riffles, and pools. While you can wade fish sections with great success, only a float trip will do the Snake River Canyon justice. Talk to a Jackson, Wyoming guide or outfitter, and they’ll help you discover this gem of the American West.
Better known on the Utah side of the border, the Green River in Wyoming provides outstanding fly-fishing opportunities for browns, ‘bows, and cutthroats on its journey from the Wind River Range to the Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Forming on the western side of the Winds, the Green begins with over a hundred miles of freestone river with much of its banks accessible through public land. The cutthroat and ‘bows in this section are typically smaller, but a strong 16-inch trout sipping dries from the fast flowing riffles is quite common. Just downstream of La Barge, the Green enters Fontenelle Reservoir. The next 40 miles below the reservoir provide trophy trout fishing on a classic tailwater, with ample access points through Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge. If you’re looking for a classic Western fly-fishing destination where you may not see another angler all weekend, the Wyoming section of the Green should be at the top of your list.
WIND RIVER & EAST FORK OF THE WIND RIVER
The Wind River begins its journey atop Togwotee Pass in the Absaroka Mountains, and picks up water from the eastern side of the Wind River Range as it heads south. Its glaciated namesake range holds some of the best high-country lake fishing in the Lower 48. But often overlooked is the river flowing to the east of the peaks. For its first 30 miles, the Wind River’s brook trout and cutthroat freestone waters can be fished with a general Wyoming fishing license. Then the river enters the Wind River Indian Reservation, which offers its own fishing permit. Here, the river grows and supports plentiful populations of cutthroat, rainbow, and brown trout. The Wind River enters Boysen Reservoir near Shoshoni, WY, and upon exit, flows through Wind River Canyon — a productive tailwater with many trout reaching the 20-inch mark, and above. The Wind River is truly one of central Wyoming’s premier fly-fishing destinations.
BIGHORN RIVER
As the Wind River exits the canyon and nears the town of Thermopolis, it becomes the Bighorn River. Better known for its tailwater fishery across the border in Montana, Wyoming’s section of the Bighorn should not be overlooked. The Thermopolis section enjoys the same tailwater benefits as the Wind River Canyon section, upstream. With a slower descent and median summer flows ranging from 1300 to 1600 CFS, this section of the Bighorn is most effectively fished on a float trip. From Thermopolis to Lucerne, anglers regularly hook into browns measuring 20 inches or more — all thanks to the consistent temperature and flow from Boysen Reservoir. Spring and summer bring BWOs and caddis, but the trico hatches from June to early October excite most dry fly anglers. Think there’s only one Bighorn worth fishing? Think again.
NORTH PLATTE RIVER, GRAY REEF & MIRACLE MILE
Wyoming’s North Platte River Gray Reef holds nearly 5,200 trout per mile. If every trout was 12 inches long, you could essentially line them up into one solid ribbon of trout stretching the entire Gray Reef section. But we all know trout follow the food, so take some time to study the water before wading or drifting — or, hire a local Wyoming fly-fishing guide to show you where the big fish are holding. From Casper, head southeast a half hour to Alcova. The Gray Reef begins below Alcova Reservoir and runs north along WY-220. Access is limited, with much of the surrounding land under private ownership. To get a true taste of Gray Reef and its eight-pound (plus) browns and ‘bows, talk to a North Platte river guide or outfitter about reserving a float trip.
About 20 miles upstream, between Pathfinder Reservoir and Kortes Dam, you’ll find the Miracle Mile stretch of the North Platte. Contrary to its name, the Miracle stretches between five and eight miles, depending on the water levels of the Pathfinder Reservoir. The tailwater conditions below Kortes Dam provide plentiful food, allowing for hundreds, if not thousands, of trout to grow to trophy size. Load up your nymph box, and your gas tank, as the Miracle Mile is about 20 miles from the nearest paved road.
UPPER NORTH PLATTE RIVER
The upper reaches of the North Platte River provide a freestone fishing experience much different, but no less exciting, than the trophy waters below. While water levels are less reliable than the dam-controlled water downstream, the North Platte near Saratoga and Medicine Bow National Forest is easily floatable through much of the season and can be floated spring through fall in big snowpack years. A float trip isn’t necessary, however, as this section of water has numerous access points, including a long section through the National Forest. From its headwaters all the way to the town of Saratoga, the North Platte is designated Blue Ribbon trout fishing with at least 600 pounds of trout per mile. So, whether the BWO’s, yellow sallies, or PMD’s are hatching, or you’re looking for trout subsurface, the Upper North Platte is a Wyoming fly-fishing experience not to be missed.
TONGUE RIVER
The Bighorn Mountains, in the north central block of Wyoming, are one of the lesser known ranges in the West. From the range’s eastern slopes, the Tongue River drains northeast, through Dayton, Ranchester, and Kleenburn, towards Montana, before it joins up with the Yellowstone River. At 265 miles long, only the upper reaches, within Wyoming, are prime trout fishing waters. From Sheridan, it’s a half-hour drive to Dayton, where there are multiple access points to the main river. This section consists of riffles and runs, flowing over gravel into deep pools, which hold big browns, ‘bows, and cutthroat. Upstream in Bighorn National Forest, the Tongue is divided into the North and South Tongue Rivers. Both provide diverse fishing experiences, with sections of gentle, meadow-lined banks and faster pocket water. To find a slice of solitude, venture into the canyon section of the North Tongue River, which is accessible only by hiking into the bottom of the canyon.
SAND CREEK
Most anglers visiting Wyoming to fly fish head to the central or western thirds of the state, for good reason. But hugging the border of South Dakota, Wyoming’s Black Hills give birth to the limestone-lined Sand Creek. This is not a mighty river like the North Platte or Snake: it’s a slow, meandering creek, fed by springs and lined by grassy banks. But thanks to the cold spring water and nutrients, Sand Creek is home to one of the highest concentrations of trout in all of Wyoming. While there may be literally tons of fish, the gin-clear, slow water gives them an easy view of approaching anglers, and poorly presented flies. You’ll need to bring your best presentation and stealth to Sand Creek, but the payoff and alternative scenery are well worth the adventure.
Contact our team to learn more about Wyoming fishing and fishing properties that put this lifestyle at your fingertips.
*Article courtesy of Western Ranches, a division of Jackson Hole Real Estate Associates.
June 17, 2019 /by Jessica Sheehy
https://livejacksonhole.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/20190506222743167409000000-o.jpg 600 1070 Jessica Sheehy https://livejacksonhole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/LJH_2-1.png Jessica Sheehy2019-06-17 19:46:132019-06-17 19:48:26Guide to Wyoming Rivers
All Areas Town of Jackson North of Town South of Town Racquet Club & Teton Pines Westbank North Westbank South West of Town Teton Village Alta, Wyoming Alpine/Star Valley Fremont County (Dubois, WY) North Sublette County (Bondurant, Cora, Pinedale, WY) South Sublette County (Big Piney, Marbleton, WY) Regional Victor, Idaho Driggs, Idaho Tetonia, Idaho Swan Valley, Idaho Regional Idaho Property Type Single Family Residential Lots & Land Multifamily Residential Ranch Property Commercial
We are a team driven to provide excellent service to our clients and customers.
Rivers Run Through the Mountain West The Economy of the Rodeo
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An Interview with Rising Appalachia
Harriet Kaplan
Rising Appalachia is an eclectic amalgamation of influences including a creative mix of tradition Appalachia folk, New Orleans, jazz and blues with urban R&B. The band features co-founders and sisters Leah Smith (vocals, banjo, bodhran) and Chloe Smith (guitar, fiddle, banjo) as well as David Brown (stand-up bass, baritone guitar), Biko Casini (world percussion, n’goni), Arouna Diarra (n’goni, talking drum), and Duncan Wickel (fiddle, cello). The Smith sisters have also worked with an array of international musicians. For two decades, this group has been playing major festivals, selling out venue shows across the country and releasing albums.
Now, Rising Appalachia is promoting its latest album, Leylines, and has upcoming show at The Troubadour in Los Angeles, CA on October 15th. Live Music News and Reviews recently had a chance to talk via email interview to Chloe Smith to discuss Leylines in more depth, the sisters songwriting approach, their community work including singing at Standing Rock and much more.
LMNR: What inspired the creation of Leylines
Leylines is the collection of our stories and journeys living and traveling through this country and around the world throughout the past four years. The actual definition of a leyline alludes to magnetic points of spirit, energy, history, and power in various parts of the world. Unique connections that are more subtle than linear, if you will. We always sense connections between far removed places, and our album is a reflection of that with the layering of Appalachia, Ireland, and West Africa. We wanted to weave lines of connections aurally with both traditional music from those places as well as contemporary lyrics that speak to where we are at as a country, as a band, as women, as artists in this place in time.
LMNR: Did the band go into the studio with a different approach or idea with regard to the album conceptually?
Yes, indeed we did. For the first time, we ventured OUT of the South to record this album… picking an intimate and rustic live in studio perched above the Pacific Ocean just north of the Bay. The sounds and natural landscape of that place influenced our recording style and the mood we brought into the studio. Additionally, we brought in a producer for the first time, Mr Joe Henry, after over 10 years of producing our music internally. He helped loosen some of the intensity of the recording experience and brought some deep swagger and knowledge of many folk legends into the room, which we celebrated well together. Most of the songs were recorded live, more or less, and we let go of the idea of perfection and wanted to capture more of a sense of aliveness and vitality of music being played in a room. Not a lot of smoke and mirrors with this recording. It’s stripped back and rather raw, but at the same time captures us at a rather high musical peak.
LMNR: How did the band come to work on with Ani DiFranco, Trevor Hall, and Maurice Turner on Leylines?
We met Ani Difranco at one of our favorite festivals in North Carolina, and we share a sound crew member as well. Being long time fans of her work both musically and with activism, we planted the seed years ago to one day work together on a song or a show. It was a dream, really. After playing a song on stage with her at the festival, we just reached out a few months later and inquired if she might record vocals on our track “Speak Out.” She agreed, we were floored, and it all came together beautifully with her signature style of playful and deep harmonic vocal play. It’s a true honor to have her featured.
Mr Maurice Turner is a long time friend and cohort from down south. We met many moons ago in New Orleans and have been allies and collaborators since our very first album…. which he helped immensely get off the ground. His trumpet playing is featured on every single one of our albums, and we love having that common thread throughout our work.
LMNR: Are the songs a collaborative effort?
My sister and I write all the material, and the musicality of the full body of work is definitely a collaborative effort between all our band members. Each one brings a unique sound and idea to the table, which we work out together and refine along the way.
LMNR: Does the band have a main songwriter?
My sister calls me the faucet and wants to sell me to Nashville (hahaha), so yes, I suppose that would be me. I write a ton of songs for the band, and a ton that don’t make the cut. We also collaboratively write a lot together, and she of course writes her own too. We have a complimentary yet different style and leave room for one another’s touch in the songs we write.
LMNR: How would you describe the evolution of the band’s sound over the last two decades in the music industry?
Honestly, we have refined our craft and grown as a band, but we have really stayed true to our original style of stripped down, southern based, urban, global folk music.
LMNR: What are some of the high and low points of your career?
A high point has always been when our music reached beyond the stage into community work. We sang at Standing Rock in solidarity with the water protectors there, as well as at the largest male correctional facility in Colorado last year. Both of those memories and connections with people doing hard good work will stay with us forever. The hard points are always when we feel disconnected from the earth or the communities we pass through. The full days spent in transportation or traversing cities too quickly without a moment to catch our breath. That style of touring has never served us, and we do our best to follow our Slow Music Movement and be intentional about how we travel.
LMNR: What would you do differently if you were just entering the industry today?
I would collaborate more from the jump with other artists that are on the path. I’d also speak to my younger self to remind her to take it easy and enjoy the ride, because the business and professional sides of this work come in quick. The joyful moments of early music making are some of the strongest to hold on to.
LMNR: How much did growing up in an artistic family influence you and your choice to be in the music industry?
Leah and I come from a wide musical community in Georgia, and each of our mentors and family members had a specific role in our decisions to play music professionally. Mostly, they taught us that music is a gathering tool, something by and for the people, in celebrations and passings and occasions when the spirit needs to be called down. Having music as a backbone to our growing up allowed us to approach playing professionally in a grounded and authentic way. It’s never been about “getting somewhere” for us, more about weaving music into our lives and following where it takes us.
LMNR: What was your favorite concert when you were younger and why?
I grew up in Atlanta, so hip hop reigned king. I loved seeing the early versions of the Fugees, The Roots, and my hometown favorite Outkast. Outkast would just put on free shows around the city on occasion and blow our minds with their lyricism and performance craft. They are still an old time favorite of mine.
LMNR: Name your five favorite top bands and explain why?
Outkast- lyricism and flow
Trevor Hall- vocal prowess and depth of soul
Ibeyi- sister world fusion funk/soul/beats
Hozier- songwriting, harmonics, and really touching orchestration of his songs
Tinariwen- desert blues that is a go to anytime I feel like transporting to another place
Many thanks to Rising Appalachia.
UPCOMING TOUR DATES:
Oct 02 Rickshaw Theatre, Vancouver, Canada
Oct 03 The Neptune, Seattle, WA
Oct 05 Crystal Ballroom, Portland, OR
Oct 06 McDonald Theatre, Eugene, OR
Oct 07 Ashland Armory, Ashland, OR
Oct 09 Van Duzer Theatre, Arcata, CA
Oct 10 Mystic Theatre, Petaluma, CA
Oct 11 The Miner’s Foundry Cultural Center, Nevada City, CA
Oct 12 The UC Theatre, Berkeley, CA
Oct 15 The Troubadour, W Hollywood, CA
Oct 17 Meow Wolf, Santa Fe, NM
Oct 18 Ivy Ballroom at the Surf Hotel, Buena Vista, CO
Oct 19 Washington’s, Fort Collins, CO
Oct 20 Ogden Theatre, Denver, CO w/Ayla Nereo
Nov 09 Variety Playhouse, Atlanta, GA
Nov 10 The Basement East, Nashville, TN
Nov 11 The Burl, Lexington, KY
Nov 12 Ludlow Garage, Cincinnati, OH
Nov 14 Old Town School of Folk Music, Chicago, IL
Nov 15 The Ark, Ann Arbor, MI
Nov 16 Mr Smalls Theatre, Pittsburgh, PA
Nov 20 The Hamilton, Washington, DC
Nov 21 World Café Live, Philadelphia, PA
Nov 23 Levon Helm Studios, Woodstock, NY
Nov 24 Brighton Music Hall, Allston, MA
Nov 25 Higher Ground, S Burlington, VT
Nov 26 L’astral, Montreal, Canada
Nov 27 Horseshoe Tavern, Toronto, Canada
Nov 29 The Bowery Ballroom, New York, NY
Biko Casini
Chloe SMith
Leah Song
Leylines
Maurice Turner
rising appalachia
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News LMNR - January 14, 2020
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Show Reviews David Boatwright - January 16, 2020
The Pixies Review by Harriet Kaplan
Show Reviews December 5, 2019
Jesse Cook Review 2019
Show Reviews November 18, 2019
Chris Pandolfi, Stringduster
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Credit Default Swaps Must Go
Posted on March 2, 2010 by Neil Garfield
The fact is that credit default swaps and other complex derivatives that have proved to be instruments of mass destruction still remain entrenched in our financial system three years after our economy was almost brought to its knees.
Editor’s Note: Credit default swaps were the glue that held the mortgage meltdown scheme together. If there had been transparency on an open exchange so that government regulators and other investors could easily determine what was happening, the predatory tactics and fraud might have ground to a halt. One thing is sure — allowing banks to use consumer deposits and taxpayer money to play with as they wish was a bad idea and we have now made it worse. Maintaining a hands off policy to credit default swaps is a guarantee of even worse results than we have already seen for the world economy. Just watch as Greece crumbles in broad daylight.
It’s Time for Swaps to Lose Their Swagger
By GRETCHEN MORGENSON
“USING these instruments in a way that intentionally destabilizes a company or a country is — is counterproductive, and I’m sure the S.E.C. will be looking into that.”
That’s what Ben S. Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve, said last week when lawmakers asked him about credit default swaps during his Congressional testimony. Concerns are growing about such swaps — securities that offer insurance-like protection and helped tip over the American International Group in 2008 when it couldn’t pay mounting claims on the contracts.
Now, there are fears that the use of these swaps may also help propel entire countries — think Greece — to the precipice.
First, Greece employed swaps to mask its true debt picture, with the help of Wall Street bankers, of course. And now it appears that some traders are using swaps to bet that Greece won’t be able to meet its debt payments and will face a possible default.
Mr. Bernanke is undoubtedly an intelligent man. But his view that it’s “counterproductive” to use credit default swaps to crash an institution or a nation exhibits a certain naïveté about how the titans of finance operate now.
High-octane trading may be counterproductive to taxpayers, for sure. But not to the speculators who win big when such transactions pay off. And in the case of A.I.G., the speculators got their winnings from the taxpayers.
The certainty that Mr. Bernanke expressed about the S.E.C.’s inquiry into credit default swaps is quaint as well. If the past is prologue, we might see a case or two emerge from that inquiry five years from now. The fact is that credit default swaps and other complex derivatives that have proved to be instruments of mass destruction still remain entrenched in our financial system three years after our economy was almost brought to its knees.
DERIVATIVES are responsible for much of the interconnectedness between banks and other institutions that made the financial collapse accelerate in the way that it did, costing taxpayers hundreds of billions in bailouts. Yet credit default swaps have been largely untouched by financial reform efforts.
This is not surprising. Given how much money is generated by the big institutions trading these instruments, these entities are showering money on Washington to protect their profits. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency reported that revenue generated by United States banks in their credit derivatives trading totaled $1.2 billion in the third quarter of 2009.
Congressional “reform” plans for credit default swaps are full of loopholes, guaranteeing that another derivatives-fueled financial crisis awaits us. According to the Bank for International Settlements, credit default swaps with a face value of $36 trillion were outstanding in the second quarter of 2009, the most recent figures available.
Credit default swaps are “a way to increase the leverage in the system, and the people who were doing it knew that they were doing something on the edge of fraudulent,” said Martin Mayer, a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution and author of 37 books, many of them on banking. “They were not well-motivated.”
Mr. Mayer has been critical of credit default swaps almost since they arrived on the scene. In 1999, for example, he wrote an opinion piece for The Wall Street Journal entitled “The Dangers of Derivatives.”
“These ‘over the counter’ derivatives — created, sold and serviced behind closed doors by consenting adults who don’t tell anybody what they’re doing — are also a major source of the almost unlimited leverage that brought the world financial system to the brink of disaster last fall,” he wrote, referring to the market turmoil of 1998. “The derivatives dealers’ demands for liquidity far exceed what the markets can provide on difficult days, and may exceed the abilities of the central banks to maintain orderly conditions.”
Calling credit derivatives “the most dangerous instrument yet,” Mr. Mayer concluded in his article that neither banks nor bank examiners have any idea how to handle them. “The system is easily gamed, and it sacrifices the great strength of banks as financial intermediaries — their knowledge of their borrowers, and their incentive to police the status of the loan,” he wrote.
Pointing to a study by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, he said: “In the presence of moral hazard — the likelihood that sloughing the bad loans into a swap will be profitable — the growth of a market for default risks could lead to bank insolvencies.”
How’s that for prescient?
His predictions having come true, I asked Mr. Mayer for solutions to the problems that credit default swaps have created. He had several.
First, he said, those trading in swaps must be forced to put up more capital to back them so that if a client asks for payment, the issuer actually has the funds on hand to do so.
“This is an insurance instrument and it must be regulated on an insurance basis with minimum reserves, instead of making deals that don’t even have maintenance margin on them,” he said. “And I think it is an instrument that insured depositories ought not to be allowed to hold or trade.”
And yet United States commercial banks, those with insured deposits, held $13 trillion in notional value of credit derivatives at the end of the third quarter last year, according to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. The biggest players in this world are JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, Bank of America and Goldman Sachs.
All of those firms fall squarely into the category of institutions that are too politically connected to fail. Because of the implicit taxpayer backing that accompanies such lofty status, derivatives become exceedingly dangerous, said Robert Arvanitis, chief executive of Risk Finance Advisors, a corporate advisory firm specializing in insurance.
“If companies were not implicitly backed by the taxpayers, then managements would get very reluctant to go out after that next billion of notional on swaps,” he said. “They’d look over their shoulder and say, ‘This is getting dangerous.’”
But taxpayers remain decidedly on the hook for future bailouts because Congress has done nothing to eliminate the once-implied but now explicit government guarantees backing large and interconnected companies. And on derivatives trading, lawmakers’ moves have been depressingly incremental.
Mr. Mayer, for one, believes that credit default swaps must be exchange-traded so that their risks would be more evident. He dismisses the contention of big institutions in this arena that many credit default swaps cannot be traded on an exchange because they are tailor-made for particular customers.
“These are generic risks and can be traded generically,” Mr. Mayer said. “You are not insuring against a very individual risk.”
AND what of the argument that increased regulatory oversight of credit default swaps will crimp financial innovation?
“This insistence that you mustn’t slow the pace of innovation is just childish,” Mr. Mayer said. “Innovation has now cost us $7 trillion,” he added, referring to the loss in household wealth that has resulted from the crisis. “That’s a pretty high price to pay for innovation.”
Couldn’t agree more. Too bad Washington doesn’t see it that way.
Filed under: bubble, CDO, CORRUPTION, currency, Eviction, foreclosure, GTC | Honor, Investor, Mortgage, securities fraud | Tagged: Bernanke, credit default swaps, derivatives, Greece, Gretchen, Martin mayer, Morgenstern, Ny Times, SEC, Wall Street bankers | 1 Comment »
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ALDO NOVA: Fantasy 2.0 the single is available to buy TODAY
Fantasy 2.0 the single is available to buy TODAY!
A little teaser from upcoming song Fantasy 2.0 from new album Aldo Nova 2.0 which is on sale as of today on all the major digital platforms such as iTunes, Spotify etc. and goes to radio 08/27/2018.
Request it from your local radio stations.
The song is actually 6:51 minutes long so this is just a little taste for Aldo Nova's fans.
Pre order the entire album on ITunes Amazon Spotify and all digital platforms today.
Aldo Nova 2.0 Release date 10/19/2018 and do yourselves a favour and get a physical copy, the artwork is absolutely amazing!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1z8gm2DzkE&feature=youtu.be
STEVE PERRY RETURN is confirmed!!
Steve will release his brand new 10 track studio album 'Traces' on October 5 worldwide via Fantasy Records (a division of Concord Records/UMG)
01. No Erasin' 04:07
Writers: Steve Perry, David Spreng
02. We're Still Here 04:06
Writers: Steve Perry, Brian West
03. Most Of All 04:23
Writers: Steve Perry, Randy Goodrem
04. No More Cryin' 04:29
Writers: Dan Wilson, Steve Perry
05. In The Rain 04:06
06. Sun Shines Gray 03:57
Writers: Steve Perry, John 5, Thom Flowers
07. You Belong To Me 04:07
Writers: Steve Perry, Barry Eastmond
08. Easy To Love 04:03
Writers: Steve Perry, Thom Flowers
09. I Need You 02:59
Writers: Steve Perry, George Harrison
10. We Fly 03:56
Writers: Steve Perry, Jeff Babko
Album Produced by: Steve Perry & Thom Flowers
Total length of album: 40:13
Those are the fitting first words Steve Perry sings with tremendous soul and conviction on “No Erasin’” -- the life-affirming anthem that opens up …
ROXANNE american melodic rock come back !!!
RAT PAK RECORDS SET TO RELEASE ROXANNE "RADIO SILENCE"
“Radio Silence” is the sophomore release from the LA based rock band Roxanne and will be available on October 26, 2018 via Rat Pak Records. Originally formed in the late 80’s, Roxanne garnered commercial success with their 1988 self-titled debut album which was well received with two songs charting on rock radio; “Cherry Bay” and “Sweet Maria”, as well as a cover of Wild Cherry’s “Play That Funky Music” which hit #63 on the Billboard singles charts and was in full rotation on both dance and rock stations simultaneously.
As with many bands from that era, facing the decline in interest for AOR rock due to the onslaught of the “grunge” scene, the guys in Roxanne went on hiatus. Now 30 years later the band returns with a new offering entitled “Radio Silence”, which features 11 tracks of pure adrenalized classic rock influenced music and also features special guest appearances by guita…
Respect the Artist
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