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11. RCC, Persia, Turkey, and the 50 Russian bears
This article was originally written within the context of how all the gods of Babylon are numbered — literally!
(The Babylonians assigned to each god a number. For example, Enki was the number “40” and Enlil was “50”.)
Russia the Bear
On Feb 9th, 2019 (“State of Emergency” declared)
50 polar bears invade Russian town, emergency declared
TASS, February 9th. “The state of emergency was introduced from February 9 on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, which is part of the Arkhangelsk region, because of the massive invasion of polar bears into the territory of settlements. This is stated in a statement released on Saturday of the press service of the governor and the regional government.
…from December 2018 to February 2019 there was a large gathering of animals near settlements.Near the village Belushya Guba are 52 polar bears. Wild animals have aggressive behavior – they attack the inhabitants and enter the premises.”
(Google translation from Russian)
A polar bear invasion is terrorizing Russians on a remote Arctic island with more than 50 beasts besieging one town.
A state of emergency has been declared on Soviet nuclear testing archipelago Novaya Zemlya as the beasts enter the front doors of apartment blocks. (Fox News)
The number of days to the other ten signs, including “the sealing and unsealing”
Emphasis on the number “50” (50 bears in a town of 50*50 people)
65 days from Dec 6th, about when the bears began to invade. (“65” signifies “shattering”, Isaiah 7:8)
It’s a Russian military community
It’s near the town of Belushya Guba, which area is associated with nuclear testing
It’s in “the far north” (Ezek 38:15)
“Belushya Guba is the main permanent settlement of the island territory of Novaya Zemlya. A large proportion of its population is made up of military personnel associated with the nuclear test sites located on the island.” Wiki
The Russian bear, Turkey, and Persia (Iran) and allies (i.e., the other bears) are conspiring against Israel and the US is in the way. Their goal is to be “Lord of the Earth”, which is the Babylonian god Enki’s number, name, and meaning. (Enki is “40”.)
About the above image: The Measuring rod superimposed over the Mene-Tekel Code of the Zigurrat, set to the Jan. 20th, 2019 lunar eclipse. 20 days later is the Polar Bears. 25 days later (5*5) is the Persian, Turkish and Russian meeting. Rod points to the Arctic and to Russia. The code repeats the word "Persia" (Iran) 20 times horizontally and 20 times vertically, once for every year of the Iranian revolution.
Feb 9th and 14th are 20 days to Jan 20 and Jan 25 (the 5th and 6th sign) and then another 20 days to Jan 5th, (the 4th sign when the partial solar eclipse occurred over Russia as locust invaded Mecca). In Babylon, Utu, the Sun god is represented by the number "20". Feb. 11th, the day of the 40th year of the Revolution is 40 days (and 70 days) to the 3rd sign, and then another 40 days to Nov 23, 2018, when the first insight was given into the Mene Tekel Code and how their gods are judged. (Enki is represented by the number "40" and Utu by "20".)
Rod with Flag points to Russia
Overlay with the above image. Note wind in flag and direction of blood. The original image revealed at and on, 2300 days before Trump declared the embassy move to Jerusalem.
Note the flag flying. Click to enlarge
A white horse: Religious ‘Peace and Safety’
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, an 1887 painting by Viktor Vasnetsov. Depicted from left to right are Death, Famine, War, and Conquest. The first horsemen on the white horse with the crescent red moon below its tail represent false peace. He carries a bow and arrow the same as the constellation of Sagittarius (Nergal) where the eclipses occurred. The Pope and the Arab false peace.
Babylonian Constellation of Sagittarius with scorpion tale towards cresent moon
I looked, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer. Rev 6:2
March 30-31, 2019. The Vatican announced logo of “cross within crescent moon” Jan. 7, 2019. Note date stamp of my post about locust invasion
Click to enlarge. Recall this image from Dec. 2018 of the serpent rising (i.e., “Enlil”) from the Abyss of the Ziggurat/Minaret with his head as the moon about to swallow the sun with the cross in it. Below is Vatican’s now with the moon with the cross in it — Enlil has finished swallowing!
Pope dressed in white with a large image of a false Christ above him as he speaks Feb 4, 2019, to an audience of mixed religions
Below, the crescent logo of the moon swallowing up the cross within the sun was released by the Vatican Jan 7, 2019, during the locust invasion of Mecca (4th sign).
Dec 26, 2019, Annular Solar eclipse begins in Saudia Arabia and the United Arab Emirates where the Pope signed the agreement with 700 religious leaders of all faiths watching. It was signed 30 days (# of Sin-moon-god) after the locust invasion of Mecca that hit the headlines the same day as the Vatican released this logo about the upcoming Muslim-Catholic pacts.
Both the Jan 5 and Dec 26, 2019 eclipses occur in Sagittarius
I noted in the article about the locust invasion that the locust descended during a partial (75%) solar eclipse over northern Russia and that exactly one lunar year later another will occur that begins its trek in Saudia Arabia. The above is that eclipse, except notice that this small nation of the United Arab Emirates happens to be at the start of its path. Thus, both the logo and the eclipse signify “the moon-god swallowing up the sun”.
Moreover, Feb 4, 2019, to Dec 26th is 325 days (13*5*5), thereby connecting the date to the “fives“.
Both the logo and the eclipse signify “the moon-god swallowing up the sun”. To be exact, the meeting was held in the city of Abu Dhabi as marked in the map before this. Notice what the eclipse of the sun will look like from this city. The Moon will swallow a similar proportion of the sun as in the logo! (Click to enlarge.) Interestingly, this eclipse takes place in the constellation of Sagittarius, which is associated with the Babylonian god “Nergal“, “The God of war, plague, death, and disease”. (The first and fourth horsemen of the book of Revelation?)
Without wanting to make this article too long, I feel it necessary to quote from “the 4th sign” to see the connection more clearly to the timing of this logo on Jan 7, 2019.
Islam, Osiris (i.e., Apollo), and Ra. (See Part Two of Mene Tekel Code for the explanation of this image.)
A fourth sign has occurred. It began the evening of Jan. 5th in Mecca and lasted at least four days. “Black locust” and flying cockroaches descended upon Mecca. Social media has many images and videos of it.
Locust descend upon Mecca when Part Two of Mene Tekel posted, “Islam is judged”. Part Two was posted the 7th of January 2019. (Note post stamp on the address of Part Two.) And the below video was also posted the same day that I posted my article about Mecca and the MINAret. The video went viral.
Locust plague Mecca (Meqqa). (This is a clip of a video.) Notice the Menoret in the background, which is patterned after the Tower of Babel as said in the Mene Tekel Code as posted the same day as this video. Moreover, this image was posted on social media 4*4 days after Anak Krakatoa exploded. Both the sign of eruption of Anak during the full moon and the locust upon Mecca during the New Moon point to the 4th Seal and 4th/5th Trumpet of Revelation. (The New Moon when the locust descended upon Mecca was also accompanied by a partial solar eclipse in the constellation of Sagittarius, which represented Nimrod of Babel (Nirgal and Ninurta) who has a tail like a scorpion and a breastplate/body like a lion as per the Babylonian Sagittarius.)
Biblical PLAGUE? Experts BAFFLED as mysterious swarm of LOCUSTS invade Mecca’s holy sites
AN UNPRECEDENTED swarm of deadly locusts invaded one of the world’s holiest sites this week as Mecca faced an infestation of “biblical proportions”.
Islam-RCC logo Jan 7, 2019
Therefore, the above locust video, “The first “signs” post, and this Vatican logo were all released the same day.
(Vatican News. Words in red added.)
“Prior to the Morocco visit (March 30-31), the Pope is scheduled to make a trip to the United Arab Emirates on February 3-5. (Hence, the two trips are 55 days apart.)
Addressing the Diplomatic Corps on Monday (Jan 7, 2019) in the Vatican, Pope Francis said that his visit to the 2 predominantly Muslim countries, “represent two important opportunities to advance interreligious dialogue and mutual understanding between the followers of both religions, in this year that marks the eight-hundredth anniversary of the historic meeting between Saint Francis of Assisi and Sultan al-Malik al-Kāmil.”
On Monday, Feb 4, 2019
(Feb 4, 2019, is the same day as the 9th Sign.)
“Pope and the Grand Imam: Historic declaration of peace, freedom, women’s rights.”
“…document signed by Pope Francis and Ahmed el-Tayeb on Monday in the United Arab Emirates” (Vatican News)
Pope and grand imam sign historic pledge of fraternity in UAE
In first papal visit to Arabian peninsula, Francis calls for end to wars in Middle East. (The Guardian)
A woman rides the beast
There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns.
Interestingly, seven days after the Pope and the Imam signed the peace declaration, Iran celebrated the 40th anniversary of their revolution. And ten days after the Pope and Imam signed the peace declaration, Iran, Russian and Turkey met, as did contrarily the US, Israel, and allies. And Kushner gave a rare speech about peace.
Iran (Persia) “Uparsin”
On Feb 1st and the 11th, 2019
40th anniversary of Iran Revolution
“Speaking at a rally earlier Monday celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Islamic revolution, a senior Revolutionary Guards commander said that Iran would demolish entire cities in Israel if the United States attacked the Islamic Republic.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu responded on Monday evening… it “would be the last anniversary of the revolution that they celebrate.” (Haaretz)
On Feb 11th, 2019, the same day that the 10th sign occurred, Iran (Persia) celebrated the 40th year of its revolution. Their celebration is ten days long, from Feb. 1st to the 11th.
It happens that Iran was formerly known as Persia until the Nazis influenced a name change to mean “Aryan”. The word “Persia” is the singular form of the word “Parasin“, as in ‘Mene, Tekel, Parsin!” Hence, in the above Mene Tekel Peres Picture Code, the word Parsin (Persia פרס) is repeated 20 + 20 times.
Feb 1st was the 40th anniversary of the false prophet Ayatollah Khomeini who took over Persia (Iran) in 1979, which in turn ended “2,500 years of Persian monarchy”.
Numeric note that you might wish to skip over.
"2500 years of Persian monarchy (Upharsin)" Thus we see 50*50 again. Interestingly, now that it is 2540 years, that's a seven-year period on the lunar calendar, 1270 + 1270 days and years.
Ironically, the "2500 years" Iran refers to is a round number. 550 BC to 2019 is 2568 years, which is more accurately a seven-year lunar period of days as years. In other words, 2568 and 2569 days is literally exactly seven years from now on the Islamic and Jewish calendars. A 'seven-year period of rule' is a common timeframe in the Bible, especially the Book of Revelation.
“Beware of Valentines Day”
Both the Russian and the US-led conferences are to be held on Valentines Day. This reminds me of something personal.
“Beware of Valentines Day!” Those are the words that the Lord kept speaking to me 31 years ago when the devil attempted to destroy my family, including my mother and friends. It was our personal “Purim”. (See the Book of Esther. Purim and Valentine’s day both commemorate love and someone’s execution, and both occur around the same time of the year.)
But like Purim, God turned the tables. When that day came, what was meant to be the final blow to kill us instead became the turning point. It marked the day when the darkness began to lift.
After many months of descent, that very day, Valentines Day, marked the slow ascent from the pit.
A Norad base was in the small town where I now live. We moved in on Hanukah, 2003.
“When we began our move, the moving company building where we rented the moving truck blew up like an atomic bomb… 1290 days after the Hand code.” (bible-codes.org/Atomic-bomb-nuclear-explosion-code-b.htm)
The two sides meet separately, but both on Valentine’s Day
On Monday, Feb 14, 2019– Valentines Day
The US-led meeting
It is interesting that this meeting for peace occurs just ten days after the Pope’s religious equivalent. After all, a woman rides the beast, (Rev. 17:7).
The two-day conference includes representatives from some “60 countries”. The stated theme was “Promoting a Future of Peace and Security in the Middle East.” The Bible says:
While people are saying, “Peace and security,” destruction will come upon them suddenly, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape. (1Thess. 5:3)
Recall that Jared Kushner is in charge of the Peace Process. And the Bible refers to a peace treaty that follows a seven-year period of hell on earth, (Dan. 9:24-27). (See 666 video.)
Kushner: Israel, Palestinians Will Have to Compromise in Upcoming Trump Peace Plan. (Headlines Haaretz)
“Warsaw, Poland – A United States-led two-day summit on “peace and security” in the Middle East started on Wednesday – a gathering denounced by uninvited Iran as “dead on arrival”.
“Trump’s son-in-law and adviser, Jared Kushner, is expected to make a rare speaking appearance on Thursday.” (Aljazeera) (Recall 666 video.)
“Thursday”, is Valentines Day, the day for love.
Valentine’s Day among enemies, however, suggests deception — the kiss of an enemy. Feined love.
The Russian-led meeting
Iran, Russia, and Turkey shake hands at their first summit in 2017. Back then, my wife and I made a video about this
This fourth meeting will necessarily include talks about Israel as well as Syria.
Russia, Iran, Turkey to hold fourth round of Syria talks in Sochi. Trilateral summit between ‘guarantor countries’ to focus on long-term settlement of the Syrian crisis, the Kremlin says.
The Syria talks run in parallel to the Geneva talks organised by the United Nations.
But the three leaders will also discuss projects and coordination on the international arena. (Aljazeera)
Russia, Iran, and Turkey: emblems of the earth, sun, moon, and stars — Eagle/Lion (Babylon)
Emblem of Russia. A two-headed eagle with the earth in its claws. Rider on white horse slays dragon
Iran’s emblem. Sun and lion
Emblem of Turkey. Moon and star, the land of the seven churches/stars of the Book of Revelation
First Iraq (Babylon) and now Iran (Persia)
Image by Olympus Digital Camera of a mosque and images of Kumani. Notice the two ziggurat pillars
The first time that the message came to me as to how God was applying the writing on the wall in our times was on Feb 4, 2000. At that time it was primarily about Iraq. (I.e., Babylon and Saddam Hussein was the main theme from the first time that God revealed to me the depth of meaning within the writing on the wall in 2000. Saddam Hussein rebuilt the palace of where the original writing on the wall was). And now we have Iran in the crosshairs. (I.e., Persia and her allies).
Back in the Gulf war, I said that the coalition of England and America attacking Iraq (ancient Babylon) represented new Babylon attacking ancient Babylon, in that the emblem of England and America was a lion and an eagle, just as it was of Babylon of old. I said that the Mene Tekel Code referred to it (and “Hand Code” 125-days later).
“Jehovah?
Is it the hand of Jehovah?
He Himself goes to war. He put him to death!
Jehovah goes to war against her (i.e., ‘Babylon‘),
and the arrogant one!
Jehovah goes to war against her,
and the rebellious one!
and the one being removed!” (Bible-codes.org)
1/2 Shekel coin
And now Trump is likened unto the Persian king “Cyrus”. Thus, now we have new Persia attacking the ancient land of Persia! It was Cyrus who sacked Babylon in 539 BC in fulfillment of the writing on the wall.
Recall the encoded image of Trump as Cyrus on the coin being weighed in the Ziggurat-mountain balance. Note that the word “Persia” פרס in Aramaic runs through the coin.
Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin matrix (written vertically and horizontally 20 times each). Image created Dec. 19, 2018. Click to enlarge coin. Note the word “Persia” (Iran), פרס.
It is fitting that after Babylon, next is Persia in God's crosshair because Iran (Persia) is the nation that took over Babylon when she fell in 539 BC at the time of the writing on the wall.
Moreover, 539 BC is seven years of years on the lunar calendar to the first wave of understanding in 2000, and seven years of years to this second wave of understanding 19 years later on the solar calendar.
Notice that Feb 1st to 11th, 2019, is 70 and 80 days from Nov. 23, 2018, (“the sealing”) and Feb 14th, 2019, is 70 days from Dec. 6, 2018 (“the unsealing”). (See article about “The Number of the Beast” for the meaning of these numbers.)
Feb 11th was “Purim” on the 360 calendar
Purim is the celebration of the Jews over the attempt of her enemies to destroy them in the days of their exile in Persia, as recorded in the book of Esther.
It happens that Feb. 11th (the 40th anniversary of their revolution) on the 360 calendar is Purim. “Purim” is another word directly related to the Aramaic word “Uparsin“. And “Persia פרס” and “Purim פרינ” are two of the seven encoded words at the very beginning of the very first post:
“מנא מנ-אמנ. אשקלו פרס פרינ-סינ” (Aramaic) The re-scrambling of “Mene Mene Tekel Uparsin.”
Iran and Israel trade threats of destruction
On Islamic revolution’s 40th anniversary, regional rivals engage in a war of words threatening to attack each other.
Israel and Iran traded threats of mutual destruction on Monday as the Islamic Republic celebrated the 40th anniversary of its revolution.
“The US should know that we would raze Tel Aviv and Haifa to the ground in the event of a military attack on us,” General Yadollah Javani, head of the guard’s political bureau, was quoted as saying.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was quick to respond, saying later on Monday it would mark Iran’s last revolution anniversary if it attacked any cities in Israel.
(Aljazeera)
“He will weigh them (in the balance)! I will melt a lamp. He will number them!” He despises (and will melt) the rising of Babylon and their rebellion”. (This is part of the secret message stamped out as events occured on the below date-chart!)
Calendar of events is overlayed with the Mene-Tekel matrix, and this matrix is repeated four times.
Click to enlarge. The above has the dates from when God began to reveal the Mene Tekel prophetic images as well as the dates for the 13 signs that followed. These dates are here presented overlapping the Mene Tekel prophetic image. This is the template that God has been following as He passes sentence among the gods. The calendar runs from November 2o, 2018, unto Feb 22, 2019, exactly 100 days, and is laid out in rows of five (at center column) in keeping with the Mene Tekel matrix.
About the above chart: This is the 5*5 “Mene, Mene, Tekel, Uparsin matrix” repeated four times. It here includes the calendar dates of all ‘sealings’, ‘unsealing’ and the 11 signs, as explained before. Miraculously, God used the below image from Dec. 11, 2018, as the template upon which He did all future events and signs.
This is the same image that is overlayed in the main image of God judging North and South America, and the North Pole. Notice the general outline of a winding serpent like the one below, except here it starts from the top using the first dates for the head and then weaving back and forth like a serpent to Feb 14, 2019. (In line with this, Saddam Hussein as predicted was hung by the neck 1260 + 1260 days after Feb 4, 2000, and thus is also a multiple of five. Moreover, 125 days later was the “hand code” on Pentecost, 2000, (125 = 5*5*5).
Footnote: (This information was written before signs 5B and 13). As each event lands on a letter in the code as time progresses, these letters will form words and phrases that concern the very event that is happening at the time! For example, Dec. 16, 18, and 22nd (that ends with "Sign 2: Mt Anak") reads, "From Anak מאנק". Altogether, the 20 squares wherein at least one event transpired roughly reads:
"Truly He broke open (the seals). Anak with sackcloth. Yes its true, their banner is Ameleck the second!"
God knows "the end from the beginning", therefore in reverse, it reads: סר יתקלמ! אמס נר ימנאמ! מָאַס קמ מרתמ
"In anger he will weigh them (in the balance)! I will melt a lamp. He will number them!" He despises (and will melt) the rising of Babylon and their rebellion".
The word for "despise" מָאַס also means "to melt", and it is also the word "Mass", and this word occurs at the logo of RCC! See date chart.) (מְרָתַיִם is a symbolic name for "Babylon" in Jer. 50:21, meaning "double rebellion/bitterness". Except here it is מרתמ, "their rebellion/bitterness". This is also a play on words for "Their Minaret", too, as מנרתמ, which means "Their lamp-house-tower". Moreover, this same word backward מתירמ means, "Loosing/solving them", i.e., to "loose/break" a seal open or to "solve" a riddle." Thus, the mystery word for "Babylon" backward means, "to be broken asunder"!) סר-angry also means 'a Babylonian Sar, a unit of 3600'. Recall the Sar-moth code.
(Note: when two letters occur within one square, one or both can be used, as was the case in the previous articles. Amalek is here spelled אמלק instead of עֲמָלֵק, in keeping with the previous word, אנק. Amalek, the arch-enemy of the Jew is associated with Purim. Saul failed to destroy all the Amalekites.)
If you’re interested, click “Read More” for examples of how events align with exact spots on the image about which the sign referred.
Or the first sign of ‘the Church with the enemy under its feet’ (i.e., ‘comet and the Pleiades), and that date is located here at the top of the mountain overlapping the neck of their enemy, the serpent. ‘Come here and put your foot on the neck of your enemies!’ (Josh 10:24; Heb 1:13.)
Click to enlarge. As said, the hand at top begins at the letter corresponding to when the writing on the wall began to be revealed, “sealed”
Author Dean CoombsPosted on February 12, 2019 May 31, 2019 Tags Iran, peace treaty, Persia, Turkey and Russia2 Comments on 11. RCC, Persia, Turkey, and the 50 Russian bears
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Home » Projects » Themes » National Cultural Policy profile for Mongolia
The national profile of Mongolian cultural policy has been commissioned under the aegis of WorldCP-International Database of Cultural Policies. The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) in association with the Ministry of Sports, Culture and Tourism of Mongolia and Arts Council Mongolia, have been instrumental in kick-starting this project.
The Mongolian profile will be launched on the WorldCP website later this year. This launch will also showcase previously commissioned profiles from Singapore, Vietnam, India and South Korea. ASEF supports the WorldCP initiative through its Asia-Europe Dialogue on Cultural Policies programme.
WorldCP aims to provide easy online access to up-to-date and comprehensive information on arts and cultural policies. The initiative also promotes the exchange and facilitates dialogue on policy-making between Asia and Europe. It is promoted by the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) and a consortium of partners from around the world.
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Best Sci Fi Books of All Time
Last updated on 12/24/2015Edit
Best Sci Fi Books of All Time recommended by Google. See the list here: Best Sci Fi Books of All Time
by: Frank Herbert
Here is the novel that will be forever considered a triumph of the imagination. Set on the desert planet Arrakis, Dune is the story of the boy Paul Atreides, who would become the mysterious man known as Muad'Dib. He would avenge the traitorous plot against his noble family--and would bring to fruition humankind's most ancient and unattainable dream.
A stunning blend of adventure and mysticism, environmentalism and politics, Dune won the first Nebula Award, shared the Hugo Award, and formed the basis of what it undoubtedly the grandest epic in science fiction.
by: Orson Scott Card
release date: Aug 01, 2002
In order to develop a secure defense against a hostile alien race's next attack, government agencies breed child geniuses and train them as soldiers. A brilliant young boy, Andrew "Ender" Wiggin lives with his kind but distant parents, his sadistic brother Peter, and the person he loves more than anyone else, his sister Valentine. Peter and Valentine were candidates for the soldier-training program but didn't make the cut--young Ender is the Wiggin drafted to the orbiting Battle School for rigorous military training.
Ender's skills make him a leader in school and respected in the Battle Room, where children play at mock battles in zero gravity. Yet growing up in an artificial community of young soldiers, Ender suffers greatly from isolation, rivalry from his peers, pressure from the adult teachers, and an unsettling fear of the alien invaders. His psychological battles include loneliness, fear that he is becoming like the cruel brother he remembers, and fanning the flames of devotion to his beloved sister.
Is Ender the general Earth needs? But Ender is not the only result of the genetic experiments. The war with the Buggers has been raging for a hundred years, and the quest for the perfect general has been underway for almost as long. Ender's two older siblings are every bit as unusual as he is, but in very different ways. Between the three of them lie the abilities to remake a world. If the world survives, that is.
Winner of the Hugo and Nebula Awards.
Other Lists with This Book:
Best Books for Young Adults
20th Century's Best Books
Best Science-Fiction and Fantasy Books
100 Best Novels
Complete Reading list for teenagers (Grade 9-12)
Grade 7 summer reading list
by: George Orwell
View our feature on George Orwell's 1984.Written in 1948, 1984 was George Orwell's chilling prophecy about the future. And while 1984 has come and gone, Orwell's narrative is timelier than ever. 1984 presents a startling and haunting vision of the world, so powerful that it is completely convincing from start to finish. No one can deny the power of this novel, its hold on the imaginations of multiple generations of readers, or the resiliency of its admonitions—a legacy that seems only to grow with the passage of time.
by: William Gibson
The Matrix is a world within the world, a global consensus- hallucination, the representation of every byte of data in cyberspace . . .
Case had been the sharpest data-thief in the business, until vengeful former employees crippled his nervous system. But now a new and very mysterious employer recruits him for a last-chance run. The target: an unthinkably powerful artificial intelligence orbiting Earth in service of the sinister Tessier-Ashpool business clan. With a dead man riding shotgun and Molly, mirror-eyed street-samurai, to watch his back, Case embarks on an adventure that ups the ante on an entire genre of fiction.
Hotwired to the leading edges of art and technology, Neuromancer ranks with 1984 and Brave New World as one of the century's most potent visions of the future.
by: Philip K. Dick, Roger Zelazny
"The most consistently brilliant science fiction writer in the world."
--John Brunner
THE INSPIRATION FOR BLADERUNNER. . .
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? was published in 1968. Grim and foreboding, even today it is a masterpiece ahead of its time.
By 2021, the World War had killed millions, driving entire species into extinction and sending mankind off-planet. Those who remained coveted any living creature, and for people who couldn't afford one, companies built incredibly realistic simulacrae: horses, birds, cats, sheep. . . They even built humans.
Emigrées to Mars received androids so sophisticated it was impossible to tell them from true men or women. Fearful of the havoc these artificial humans could wreak, the government banned them from Earth. But when androids didn't want to be identified, they just blended in.
Rick Deckard was an officially sanctioned bounty hunter whose job was to find rogue androids, and to retire them. But cornered, androids tended to fight back, with deadly results.
"[Dick] sees all the sparkling and terrifying possibilities. . . that other authors shy away from."
--Paul Williams, Rolling Stone
by: Dan Simmons
On the world called Hyperion, beyond the law of the Hegemony of Man, there waits the creature called the Shrike. There are those who worship it. There are those who fear it. And there are those who have vowed to destroy it. In the Valley of the Time Tombs, where huge, brooding structures move backward through time, the Shrike waits for them all. On the eve of Armageddon, with the entire galaxy at war, seven pilgrims set forth on a final voyage to Hyperion seeking the answers to the unsolved riddles of their lives. Each carries a desperate hope--and a terrible secret. And one may hold the fate of humanity in his hands.
by: Aldous Huxley
"Aldous Huxley is the greatest 20th century writer in English." —Chicago Tribune
Aldous Huxley is rightly considered a prophetic genius and one of the most important literary and philosophical voices of the 20th Century, and Brave New World is his masterpiece. From the author of The Doors of Perception, Island, and countless other works of fiction, non-fiction, philosophy, and poetry, comes this powerful work of speculative fiction that has enthralled and terrified readers for generations. Brave New World remains absolutely relevant to this day as both a cautionary dystopian tale in the vein of the George Orwell classic 1984, and as thought-provoking, thoroughly satisfying entertainment.
Ringworld
by: Larry Niven
A new place is being built, a world of huge dimensions, encompassing millions of miles, stronger than any planet before it. There is gravity, and with high walls and its proximity to the sun, a livable new planet that is three million times the area of the Earth can be formed. We can start again!
by: H. G. Wells
H. G. Wells' best-selling classic THE WAR OF THE WORLDS
The Time Machine is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells, published in 1895. Wells is generally credited with the popularisation of the concept of time travel by using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term "time machine", coined by Wells, is now universally used to refer to such a vehicle. This work is an early example of the Dying Earth subgenre. The portion of the novel that sees the Time Traveller in a distant future where the sun is huge and red also places The Time Machine within the realm of Eschatology; that is the study of the end times, the end of the world, and the ultimate destiny of mankind. The Time Machine has since been adapted into two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It has also indirectly inspired many more works of fiction in many media.
by: Robert A. Heinlein
In one of Robert Heinlein's most controversial bestsellers, a recruit of the future goes through the toughest boot camp in the Universe--and into battle with the Terran Mobile Infantry against mankind's most frightening enemy.
The Forever War
by: Joe Haldeman
The monumental Hugo and Nebula award winning SF classic-- Featuring a new introduction by John Scalzi
The Earth's leaders have drawn a line in the interstellar sand--despite the fact that the fierce alien enemy they would oppose is inscrutable, unconquerable, and very far away. A reluctant conscript drafted into an elite Military unit, Private William Mandella has been propelled through space and time to fight in the distant thousand-year conflict; to perform his duties and do whatever it takes to survive the ordeal and return home. But "home" may be even more terrifying than battle, because, thanks to the time dilation caused by space travel, Mandella is aging months while the Earth he left behind is aging centuries...
by: Neal Stephenson
One of Time magazine's 100 all-time best English-language novels.
Only once in a great while does a writer come along who defies comparison—a writer so original he redefines the way we look at the world. Neal Stephenson is such a writer and Snow Crash is such a novel, weaving virtual reality, Sumerian myth, and just about everything in between with a cool, hip cybersensibility to bring us the gigathriller of the information age.
In reality, Hiro Protagonist delivers pizza for Uncle Enzo's CosoNostra Pizza Inc., but in the Metaverse he's a warrior prince. Plunging headlong into the enigma of a new computer virus that's striking down hackers everywhere, he races along the neon-lit streets on a search-and-destroy mission for the shadowy virtual villain threatening to bring about infocalypse. Snow Crash is a mind-altering romp through a future America so bizarre, so outrageous…you'll recognize it immediately.
The Stars My Destination
by: Alfred Bester
#5 in the Millennium SF Masterworks series, a library of the finest science fiction ever written. "Science fiction has only produced a few works of actual genius, and this is one of them"-Joe Haldeman "Bester at the peak of his powers is, quite simply, unbeatable" -James Lovegrove Marooned in outer space after an attack on his ship, Nomad, Gulliver Foyle lives to obsessively pursue the crew of a rescue vessel that had intended to leave him to die. When it comes to pop culture, Alfred Bester (1913-1987) is something of an unsung hero. He wrote radio scripts, screenplays, and comic books (in which capacity he created the original Green Lantern Oath). But Bester is best known for his science-fiction novels, and The Stars My Destination may be his finest creation. With its sly potshotting at corporate skullduggery, The Stars My Destination seems utterly contemporary, and has maintained its status as an underground classic for fifty years. (Bester fans should also note that iPicturebooks has reprinted The Demolished Man, which won the very first Hugo Award in 1953.) Alfred Bester was among the first important authors of contemporary science fiction. His passionate novels of worldly adventure, high intellect, and tremendous verve, The Stars My Destination and the Hugo Award winning The Demolished Man, established Bester as a s.f. grandmaster, a reputation that was ratified by the Science Fiction Writers of America shortly before his death. Bester also was an acclaimed journalist for Holiday magazine, a reviewer for the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and even a writer for Superman.
The Windup Girl
by: Paolo Bacigalupi
Winner of the Hugo and Nebula awards for best novel, a new edition of the break-out science fiction debut featuring additional stories and a Q&A with the author.
Anderson Lake is AgriGen's Calorie Man, sent to work undercover as a factory manager in Thailand while combing Bangkok's street markets in search of foodstuffs thought to be extinct, hoping to reap the bounty of history's lost calories.
Emiko is the Windup Girl, a strange and beautiful creature. Emiko is not human; she is an engineered being, grown and programmed to satisfy the decadent whims of a Kyoto businessman, but now abandoned to the streets of Bangkok. Regarded as soulless beings by some, devils by others, New People are slaves, soldiers, and toys of the rich in this chilling near future in which calorie companies rule the world, the oil age has passed, and the side effects of bio-engineered plagues run rampant across the globe.
What happens when calories become currency? What happens when bio-terrorism becomes a tool for corporate profits and forces mankind to the cusp of post-human evolution? Bacigalupi delivers one of the most highly-acclaimed science fiction novels of the twenty-first century.
In this brand new edition celebrating the book's reception into the canon of celebrated modern science fiction, accompanying the text are two novelettes exploring the dystopian world of The Windup Girl, the Theodore Sturgeon Award-winning The Calorie Man” and Yellow Card Man.” Also included is an exclusive Q&A with the author describing his writing process, the political climate into which his debut novel was published, and the future of science fiction.
The Hugo Award-winning and controversial science fiction masterpiece from Robert A. Heinlein, the New York Times bestselling author of Starship Troopers.
Valentine Michael Smith is a human being raised on Mars, newly returned to Earth. Among his people for the first time, he struggles to understand the social mores and prejudices of human nature that are so alien to him, while teaching them his own fundamental beliefs in grokking, watersharing, and love.
by: Philip K. Dick
“From the stuff of space opera, Dick spins a deeply unsettling existential horror story, a nightmare you'll never be sure you've woken up from.”—Lev Grossman, Time
Glen Runciter runs a lucrative business—deploying his teams of anti-psychics to corporate clients who want privacy and security from psychic spies. But when he and his top team are ambushed by a rival, he is gravely injured and placed in “half-life,” a dreamlike state of suspended animation. Soon, though, the surviving members of the team begin experiencing some strange phenomena, such as Runciter's face appearing on coins and the world seeming to move backward in time. As consumables deteriorate and technology gets ever more primitive, the group needs to find out what is causing the shifts and what a mysterious product called Ubik has to do with it all.
“More brilliant than similar experiments conducted by Pynchon or DeLillo.”—Roberto Bolaño
The Player of Games
by: Iain M. Banks
The Culture - a human/machine symbiotic society - has thrown up many great Game Players, and one of the greatest is Gurgeh. Jernau Morat Gurgeh. The Player of Games. Master of every board, computer and strategy. Bored with success, Gurgeh travels to the Empire of Azad, cruel and incredibly wealthy, to try their fabulous game...a game so complex, so like life itself, that the winner becomes emperor. Mocked, blackmailed, almost murdered, Gurgeh accepts the game, and with it the challenge of his life - and very possibly his death.
Praise for Iain M. Banks:
"Poetic, humorous, baffling, terrifying, sexy -- the books of Iain M. Banks are all these things and more" -- NME
"An exquisitely riotous tour de force of the imagination which writes its own rules simply for the pleasure of breaking them." -- Time Out
by: Arthur C. Clarke
Without warning, giant silver ships from deep space appear in the skies above every major city on Earth. Manned by the Overlords, in fifty years, they eliminate ignorance, disease, and poverty. Then this golden age ends--and then the age of Mankind begins....
Rendezvous with Rama
At first, only a few things are known about the celestial object that astronomers dub Rama. It is huge, weighing more than ten trillion tons. And it is hurtling through the solar system at inconceivable speed. Then a space probe confirms the unthinkable: Rama is no natural object. It is, incredible, an interstellar spacecraft. Space explorers and planet-bound scientists alike prepare for mankind's first encounter with alien intelligence. It will kindle their wildest dreams... and fan their darkest fears. For no one knows who the Ramans are or why they have come. And now the moment of rendezvous awaits -- just behind a Raman airlock door.
A Fire upon the Deep
by: Vernor Vinge
A Fire Upon the Deep is the big, breakout book that fulfills the promise of Vinge's career to date: a gripping tale of galactic war told on a cosmic scale.
Thousands of years hence, many races inhabit a universe where a mind's potential is determined by its location in space, from superintelligent entities in the Transcend, to the limited minds of the Unthinking Depths, where only simple creatures and technology can function. Nobody knows what strange force partitioned space into these "regions of thought," but when the warring Straumli realm use an ancient Transcendent artifact as a weapon, they unwittingly unleash an awesome power that destroys thousands of worlds and enslaves all natural and artificial intelligence.
Fleeing the threat, a family of scientists, including two children, are taken captive by the Tines, an alien race with a harsh medieval culture, and used as pawns in a ruthless power struggle. A rescue mission, not entirely composed of humans, must rescue the children-and a secret that may save the rest of interstellar civilization.
A Fire Upon The Deep is the winner of the 1993 Hugo Award for Best Novel.
by: Richard K. Morgan
In the twenty-fifth century, humankind has spread throughout the galaxy, monitored by the watchful eye of the U.N. While divisions in race, religion, and class still exist, advances in technology have redefined life itself. Now, assuming one can afford the expensive procedure, a person's consciousness can be stored in a cortical stack at the base of the brain and easily downloaded into a new body (or “sleeve”) making death nothing more than a minor blip on a screen.
Ex-U.N. envoy Takeshi Kovacs has been killed before, but his last death was particularly painful. Dispatched one hundred eighty light-years from home, re-sleeved into a body in Bay City (formerly San Francisco, now with a rusted, dilapidated Golden Gate Bridge), Kovacs is thrown into the dark heart of a shady, far-reaching conspiracy that is vicious even by the standards of a society that treats “existence” as something that can be bought and sold. For Kovacs, the shell that blew a hole in his chest was only the beginning. . . .
A #1 New York Times Bestseller, Anathem is perhaps the most brilliant literary invention to date from the incomparable Neal Stephenson, who rocked the world with Snow Crash, Cryptonomicon, and The Baroque Cycle. Now he imagines an alternate universe where scientists, philosophers, and mathematicians live in seclusion behind ancient monastery walls until they are called back into the world to deal with a crisis of astronomical proportions.
Anathem won the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel and the reviews for have been dazzling: “Brilliant” (South Florida Sun-Sentinel), “Daring” (Boston Globe), “Immensely entertaining” (New York Times Book Review), “A tour de force” (St. Louis Post-Dispatch), while Time magazine proclaims, “The great novel of ideas…has morphed into science fiction, and Neal Stephenson is its foremost practitioner.”
by: Mary Shelley
Few creatures of horror have seized readers' imaginations and held them for so long as the anguished monster of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. The story of Victor Frankenstein's terrible creation and the havoc it caused has enthralled generations of readers and inspired countless writers of horror and suspense. Considering the novel's enduring success, it is remarkable that it began merely as a whim of Lord Byron's.
"We will each write a story," Byron announced to his next-door neighbors, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin and her lover Percy Bysshe Shelley. The friends were summering on the shores of Lake Geneva in Switzerland in 1816, Shelley still unknown as a poet and Byron writing the third canto of Childe Harold. When continued rains kept them confined indoors, all agreed to Byron's proposal.
The illustrious poets failed to complete their ghost stories, but Mary Shelley rose supremely to the challenge. With Frankenstein, she succeeded admirably in the task she set for herself: to create a story that, in her own words, "would speak to the mysterious fears of our nature and awaken thrilling horror — one to make the reader dread to look round, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart."
Zoe's Tale
by: John Scalzi
How do you tell your part in the biggest tale in history?
I ask because it's what I have to do. I'm Zoe Boutin Perry: A colonist stranded on a deadly pioneer world. Holy icon to a race of aliens. A player (and a pawn) in a interstellar chess match to save humanity, or to see it fall. Witness to history. Friend. Daughter. Human. Seventeen years old.
Everyone on Earth knows the tale I am part of. But you don't know my tale: How I did what I did ― how I did what I had to do ― not just to stay alive but to keep you alive, too. All of you. I'm going to tell it to you now, the only way I know how: not straight but true, the whole thing, to try to make you feel what I felt: the joy and terror and uncertainty, panic and wonder, despair and hope. Everything that happened, bringing us to Earth, and Earth out of its captivity. All through my eyes.
It's a story you know. But you don't know it all.
The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress
Robert A. Heinlein was the most influential science fiction writer of his era, an influence so large that, as Samuel R. Delany notes, "modern critics attempting to wrestle with that influence find themselves dealing with an object rather like the sky or an ocean." He won the Hugo Award for best novel four times, a record that still stands. The Moon is a Harsh Mistress was the last of these Hugo-winning novels, and it is widely considered his finest work.
It is a tale of revolution, of the rebellion of the former Lunar penal colony against the Lunar Authority that controls it from Earth. It is the tale of the disparate people--a computer technician, a vigorous young female agitator, and an elderly academic--who become the rebel movement's leaders. And it is the story of Mike, the supercomputer whose sentience is known only to this inner circle, and who for reasons of his own is committed to the revolution's ultimate success.
The Moon is a Harsh Mistress is one of the high points of modern science fiction, a novel bursting with politics, humanity, passion, innovative technical speculation, and a firm belief in the pursuit of human freedom.
The Moon is a Harsh Mistress is the winner of the 1967 Hugo Award for Best Novel.
Slaughterhouse-Five
by: Kurt Vonnegut
Slaughterhous-Five is one of the world's great anti-war books. Centering on the infamous fire-bombing of Dresden, Billy Pilgrim's odyssey through time reflects the mythic journey of our own fractured lives as we search for meaning in what we are afraid to know.
The Left Hand of Darkness
by: Ursula K. Le Guin
When The Left Hand of Darkness first appeared in 1969, the original jacket copy read, "Once in a long while a whole new world is created for us. Such worlds are Middle Earth, Dune—and such a world is Winter." Twenty-five years and a Hugo and Nebula Award later, these words remain true. In Winter, or Gethen, Ursula K. Le Guin has created a fully realized planet and people. But Gethen society is more than merely a fascinating creation. The concept of a society existing totally without sexual prejudices is even more relevant today than it was in 1969. This special 25th anniversary edition of The Left Hand of Darkness contains not only the complete, unaltered text of the landmark original but also a thought-provoking new afterword and four new appendixes by Ms. Le Guin.
When the human ambassador Genly Ai is sent to Gethen, the planet known as Winter by those outsiders who have experienced its arctic climate, he thinks that his mission will be a standard one of making peace between warring factions. Instead the ambassador finds himself wildly unprepared. For Gethen is inhabited by a society with a rich, ancient culture full of strange beauty and deadly intrigue—a society of people who are both male and female in one, and neither. This lack of fixed gender, and the resulting lack of gender-based discrimination, is the very cornerstone of Gethen life. But Genly is all too human. Unless he can overcome his ingrained prejudices about the significance of "male" and "female," he may destroy both his mission and himself.
by: Ray Bradbury
Ray Bradbury's internationally acclaimed novel Fahrenheit 451 is a masterwork of twentieth-century literature set in a bleak, dystopian future.
Guy Montag is a fireman. In his world, where television rules and literature is on the brink of extinction, firemen start fires rather than put them out. His job is to destroy the most illegal of commodities, the printed book, along with the houses in which they are hidden.
Montag never questions the destruction and ruin his actions produce, returning each day to his bland life and wife, Mildred, who spends all day with her television “family.” But then he meets an eccentric young neighbor, Clarisse, who introduces him to a past where people didn't live in fear and to a present where one sees the world through the ideas in books instead of the mindless chatter of television.
When Mildred attempts suicide and Clarisse suddenly disappears, Montag begins to question everything he has ever known. He starts hiding books in his home, and when his pilfering is discovered, the fireman has to run for his life.
Grade 6 classic readings
Ageless and timeless classics
Kumon Recommended Reading List - Level I (Grade 9)
by: Andy Weir
Six days ago, astronaut Mark Watney became one of the first people to walk on Mars.
Now, he's sure he'll be the first person to die there.
After a dust storm nearly kills him and forces his crew to evacuate while thinking him dead, Mark finds himself stranded and completely alone with no way to even signal Earth that he's alive—and even if he could get word out, his supplies would be gone long before a rescue could arrive.
Chances are, though, he won't have time to starve to death. The damaged machinery, unforgiving environment, or plain-old "human error" are much more likely to kill him first.
But Mark isn't ready to give up yet. Drawing on his ingenuity, his engineering skills—and a relentless, dogged refusal to quit—he steadfastly confronts one seemingly insurmountable obstacle after the next. Will his resourcefulness be enough to overcome the impossible odds against him?
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Dobson, Henry (1841–1918)
by E. M. Dollery
Henry Dobson (1841-1918), by J. W. Beattie
Allport Library and Museum of Fine Arts, State Library of Tasmania, AUTAS001125881284
Henry Dobson (1841-1918), lawyer and politician, was born on 24 December 1841 in Hobart, son of John Dobson, solicitor, and his second wife Kate, née Willis. Like his brother Alfred and his half-brothers William Lambert and Frank he was educated at The Hutchins School. After some time in a merchant's office he commenced legal training with Allport, Roberts and Allport, and was called to the Tasmanian Bar on 30 December 1864. As the partner of William Giblin in 1865-70 and from 1887 as senior partner in the firm of Dobson, Mitchell and Allport he became one of the most trusted family lawyers in the colony.
Elected for Brighton to the House of Assembly in 1891 he was soon chosen as leader of the Opposition, probably because of his family connexions and his wealth at a time when many other prominent politicians were embarrassed by the economic depression. After the Fysh ministry was defeated Dobson became premier on 17 August 1892. His period in office, following the over-spending of previous administrations, was a disastrous one. His policy of drastic retrenchment was rejected, and he obtained a dissolution. With the situation unchanged after the election he resigned on 14 April 1894; he held his seat until 1899. An ardent Federalist, he was a member of the Federal Council of Australasia from 1893 and represented Tasmania at the 1897-98 convention. Elected to the Senate in 1901 he was temporary chairman of committees in 1904-08 and chairman in 1908-09. After his defeat in 1910 he retired from politics.
With Giblin, James Backhouse Walker and others Dobson was a founder in 1864 of the Working Men's Club. In an attempt to relieve the unemployment of the 1890s he gave much personal support to the establishment in 1894 of a partially self-supporting, though finally unsuccessful, village settlement at Southport; his enthusiasm was surpassed only by that of his wife Emily Lempriere whom he had married on 4 February 1868 in the Bothwell Church of England. Keenly interested in education, he earned the hostility of many employers in 1898 by implementing the amendment to the Education Act (1885) which made attendance at school compulsory for five days a week. He also sponsored the introduction of kindergartens. Paramount among his public works was his advocacy of Tasmania as a tourist resort. Founder and president in 1895-1914 of the Tasmanian Tourist Association he worked for the establishment of the official Tourist and Information Bureau and of the Scenery Preservation Board in 1915. He was chairman of the National Park Board in 1917-18. He also supported the developing fruit-growing industry.
A highly cultivated man with a love of good music, literature and sport, Dobson belonged to the Royal Society of Tasmania from 1861, and the Tasmanian Club from 1866, and was president of the Athenaeum Club in 1895-1906. He held tenaciously to views many of which, while not immediately popular, subsequently proved sound. He died on 10 October 1918 at Hobart survived by his wife, four daughters and the elder of two sons, and was buried in Queenborough cemetery.
Cyclopedia of Tasmania (Hob, 1900)
W. R. Barrett, History of the Church of England in Tasmania (Hob, 1942)
F. C. Green (ed), A Century of Responsible Government 1856-1956 (Hob, 1956)
Royal Society of Tasmania, Proceedings, 1918
P. F. Bolger, ‘The Southport settlement’, Papers and Proceedings of the Tasmanian Historical Research Association, 12 (1965), pt 4
Table Talk (Melbourne), 25 Apr 1901
Punch (Melbourne), 7 Dec 1905
Mercury (Hobart), 11 Oct 1918.
Dobson, Emily (wife)
Lempriere, Thomas James (father-in-law)
Lempriere, William George (brother-in-law)
Cooke, Annie Josephine (niece by marriage)
Lempriere, Audley Raoul (niece by marriage)
Lempriere, Adelaide Maude (niece by marriage)
Lempriere, Thomas Edward (nephew by marriage)
Lempriere, John Thomson (nephew by marriage)
Lempriere, Dora Elizabeth (nephew by marriage)
Lempriere, Charles Algernon (nephew by marriage)
E. M. Dollery, 'Dobson, Henry (1841–1918)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dobson-henry-5986/text10217, published first in hardcopy 1981, accessed online 16 July 2019.
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
educational reformer
federationist
Member of Lower House
Member of Upper House
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Cover StoryCover Story
An Chi-hwan: A Voice to RememberAn interview with An Chi-hwan, whose music embodies the spirit of Korean democratization
Lee So-jung, Yang Ji-weon | sojunglee23@yonsei.ac.kr, jiwoney30@yonsei.ac.kr
“UNTIL THE spirit of the People rules the world with freedom, I shall wade on even through darkened waters,” sings An Chi-hwan in his song “Pine, pine, the ever green pine*.” During the 1980s democratization movements, a voice could be heard singing the song of the people, above the chaos of daily student protests and police brutality. In remembrance of the 5.18 Gwangju Uprising**, which embodies the Korean struggle for justice, The Yonsei Annals interviewed An Chi-hwan, a singer and Yonsei graduate of the Department of Social Welfare, to know more about his music career from the times of political turbulence.
Annals: Can you please introduce yourself?
An: I call myself the “singing An Chi-hwan.” There are two types of singers in Korea: the entertainer and the artist. I believe that we should clearly differentiate the two. I define myself as the latter.
Annals: What made you begin your career as a musician?
An: Back then, becoming a singer happened naturally. It wasn’t like nowadays where people have to enter an agency and go through training before they debut. Instead, singers were recognized for their talents alone. Those who were talented and committed enough received opportunities to record an album and release it to the public. It was the same for me.
I entered Yonsei as a student back in 1984, four years after the 5.18 Gwangju Uprising and three years before the 6.10 Democracy Movement**. By the time I was a senior in 1987, Yonsei University was the hub of democratization movements with students as the leading force.
After the 5.18 Gwangju Uprising in 1980, there was a cultural movement among university students to utilize songs we now call “resistance songs***” to inspire meaningful change in society. When I was a freshman in 1984, universities had a liberal atmosphere: students actively organized bands to perform resistance songs during student demonstrations. In Yonsei University, a band called Ul-lim-teo was formed during my first year. I applied, and I remember being the second in line for the auditions.
While performing in the band, I began to understand the social issues of dictatorship and oppression more in depth, and I got a clear sense of what kinds of songs I wanted to play. I wasn’t interested in singing songs for entertainment; I wanted to perform resistance songs that gave me the power to fight against injustice. Of course, I felt overwhelmed and even scared to take action at first. However, with my bandmates by my side, I could naturally begin my music career.
Annals: What was the first resistance song you wrote?
An: In the beginning, I used to only perform resistance songs from the music scores we—the members of Ul-lim-teo—shared. We practiced until the papers were ragged. However, I had this ambition of writing my own songs, even though the guitar was the only instrument I could play. I didn’t know anything else about music and how it worked. Then, during my junior year, one of my sun-baes**** in Ul-lim-teo was arrested and sent to jail for instigating a demonstration. Reading over the things I wrote down while thinking of him, I composed my very first song, “Pine, pine, the ever green pine.”
I performed the song with Ul-lim-teo at Dae-dong-jae***** in May. The festival was held in the Amphitheater back then with Yonsei students filling up all the seats. I sang “Pine, pine, the ever green pine” on stage, and, to my disbelief, it made a big sensation. It first became famous in Yonsei University, then bands from other schools started performing the song in their campuses. My song was known to almost every university student despite it not having been released in an official album.
Annals: How was your life as a Yonsei student? Are there any memorable events from your school days?
An: Looking back on my old school days, I am happy to have been a part of the democratization. Many people, including myself, suffered and some even died fighting, but my friends and I share unforgettable memories from those turbulent times. During the day, we were out at protests, getting attacked by the police with tear gas bombs. At night, we gathered in our friends’ boarding houses to sing songs and drink. I would not go home for days, so my parents would even come to school searching for me. My friends and I were not preoccupied with worries about our future, jobs after graduation, and such. We spent time reflecting on the things we could do to fight against the government, especially through art. I took comfort in music when nothing else was certain.
As for a specific event, I remember the very first time I performed on stage. It was in April, and there was a beautiful field of azaleas right below the Amphitheater. I was only a freshman, and I was preparing for a school concert in commemoration of the 4.19 Revolution** in 1960. In the school theater with around 4,500 seats, I sang a song called “Jin-da-lae******,” which was written in remembrance of the revolution. After the song ended, the audience, mostly students, clapped for a whole minute. I had never experienced that before in my life—I was overwhelmed. I wondered what brought about such passionate, enthusiastic response from the students. I had discovered the true power of music in bringing people together.
Annals: You are known for having been part of a music group called Those Finding Music*******. Can you share your experience of what it was like?
An: I would first like to explain how the group Those Finding Music came about. By 1987, during my senior year, we—the students—had made considerable progress in democratization. Even though we had lost our dear friends, including Lee Han-yeol, in the struggle, we had brought about tangible results, such as the direct presidential election system. The changes that we had only dreamed of for the past years were finally realized; and, at the same time, the general public began to demand for the songs that powered these demonstrations to be officially released in albums. Those Finding Music was formed to meet this public demand for resistance songs. Luckily enough, I was “nominated” as one of the key members of this group thanks to the fame that my very first song had brought me.
This was when I graduated from Yonsei in 1988. I didn’t think of continuing my studies in graduate school or getting a job. I was already earning a living, so I continued my career as a singer of this group. After spending a year and a half in this band, I left to pursue my own music career as a solo musician. Here I am now, still making music and performing for more than 30 years.
Annals: You are known as “The singer of the people.” What are your thoughts on this title?
An: I don’t agree with the title. I understand that it stems from the public belief that I am the musician who wrote songs for a great cause. That is how I started my career, so, to some extent, I can’t get away from that image. However, I need to ask: To whom is the word “people” referring? I don’t think all people enjoy my songs. Authorities certainly don’t sing my songs; the laborers and the intellectuals low on the social hierarchy are the ones who do. I simply don’t agree with the title.
People call me by other titles, such as “The singer who transcends genres” and “The singer who abandoned resistance songs,” but I am just me. It’s been 30 years since I became a singer. All the songs during those long years cannot be encapsulated into one of these definitive titles.
Annals: You have recently released a song “One Hundred Years of Struggle********” to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the 3.1 Independence Movement**. What was your motive behind writing this song?
An: One hundred years have gone by since the 3.1 Independence Movement, yet I realized that there were no songs to commemorate those 100 years. This got me thinking. If I am to be called an artist, I felt the need to act like one. Artists must utilize their talents in their respective fields. They shouldn’t free ride [and claim to be a musician when they are not using their talents for a good cause].
Annals: In 2016, you were invited to be a guest singer at the candlelight protest in Gwanghwamun. How did you come to perform at this historical event?
An: In the case of the candlelight protest, there were only a handful of singers who could go up on stage. People call me to national events, because it has to be me; An Chi-hwan has to be there. Famous young artists like BTS would probably have been hesitant to perform on that occasion. These kinds of events require people who have the age and wisdom to handle grave matters. Performers should sing songs that are suitable for the situation, so that everyone else can sing along. Imagine Girls’ Generation singing at the candlelight protest—there is no connection between them and the purpose of the protest.
Being able to perform on stage was a great honor for me. The candlelight protest became a very crucial point in Korean history. In contrast to the 6.10 Democracy Movement where people bled and fought for their lives, the 2016 candlelight protest demonstrated a complete paradigm shift. People showed their power through nonviolent ways of protest. Now, we are living in a different era where we do not fight by throwing rocks at the enemy. I think it is beautiful that the ways we protest have become a form of art. Can you imagine how I felt on stage, seeing a million citizens holding up their candles, all in one hope? How moved I was by the burning passion in the people... This isn’t something many singers get to experience, so I am always grateful for these opportunities.
Annals: You are known not only for revolutionary songs, but also for popular music, such as “If I were*********.” What message did you try to convey through this type of genre?
An: I am more popular as an activist singer, so all the songs in my first and second albums were dedicated to the theme of “revolution.” However, after the 1990s when the Soviet Union fell apart and there was a period of ideological division, I thought I wanted to become more personal in the songs I wrote. My career went through a phase of personal transformation where I started to incorporate my personal stories into the music I created.
“If I Were,” isn’t a song that I wrote myself. I got this song from a hoo-bae**** and was invited to sing it for broadcasts. Surprisingly, it was a big hit. Since the public had always known me as an activist singer, I did receive some criticisms for “turning coat” from my original colors. However, I wasn’t very affected by those comments because I realized that the public demanded more than one genre from me. I just tried to focus on making songs for my fans and sing what I wanted to.
Annals: Do you have a favorite verse from any of your songs that you want to share with us?
An: As people say, “Every child is dear to their parents,” the same applies to me and my songs. I like the ones that I wrote from my heart, rather than what the public likes. I can say I am an indiscreet narcissist; I cherish all my songs. I am an artist with boundless self-pride.
Annals: When have you felt the proudest as a musician? When do you feel most content?
An: Music has been my life—I was only ever into music. I established my fame through music, and I’m still happily producing my own songs.
I have met and seen countless people while on stage, and when I see that my songs make them happy, I am happy. Although my songs can’t absolutely cure everything, the fact that I can brighten up people’s lives even a little counts as a blessing to me.
I also feel proud as a musician knowing that I still mean something to our nation. The well-being of our country has been my motivation for pursuing music, and still holds true now.
Annals: Many people may call you “the singer of the people,” but how would you define yourself? How do you want your songs to be remembered by the future generation?
An: When I was invited to programs such as “7080 Concert,” at first, I felt like I would look “shabby.” I don’t like it when old singers try to act young, wearing trendy clothes on stage, when everyone knows they are too old for that. I decided to appear in front of the public again in my own style. Not only did I sing my old hit songs, but I continued to introduce new songs to show the public that I am still a working musician. I will age as time goes by, but I will not stop singing for the people. I own a concert hall, so I am going to keep on hosting concerts and meeting my fans.
Everyone has songs and memories pertaining to their own generation, but I am not going to let myself get out of touch. I am going to age as an honorable musician who stays in tune with his audience.
I want to be remembered as a “living musician,” or a “present-continuous” musician. I feel like this is the most important thing I can do for my fans.
Annals: What message would you like to convey to the Annals readers and Yonseians?
An: Do things with passion and have fun. This, I believe, is the way to happiness in life.
*Original song title in Korean: “솔아 솔아 푸르른 솔아”; original song lyrics in Korean: “민중의 넋이 주인되는 참 세상 자유 위하여; 시퍼렇게 쑥물 들어도 강물 저어 가리라”
**5.18, 6.10, 4.19, and 3.1 refer to particular dates: May 18, June 10, April 19, and March 1; the dates are written as such to follow the original titles in Korean.
***The word “resistance song” is a direct translation of the original word “저항가요” in Korean
****Sun-bae, hoo-bae are Korean terms referring to upperclassman and lowerclassman respectively
*****Dae-dong-jae: A schoolwide festival held in May to pay respect to the students who lost their lives during the process of democratization; the tradition of dae-dong-jae still continues nowadays.
******Jin-dal-lae: A Korean term that refers to azalea
*******Original band name in Korean: “노래를 찾는 사람들”
********Original song title in Korean: “100년의 함성”
*********Original song title in Korean: “내가 만일”
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Found 5 collections related to Henry Ford Peace Expedition (1915-1916)
Maverick family
Maverick family papers, 1780-1985
2.75 linear feet (7 boxes)
The Maverick Family Papers are comprised of correspondence of the Maverick Family of Texas, descendants of Samuel Augustus Maverick, and several related families. Letters received by Mary Vance Maverick constitute the majority of the... more
The Maverick Family Papers are comprised of correspondence of the Maverick Family of Texas, descendants of Samuel Augustus Maverick, and several related families. Letters received by Mary Vance Maverick constitute the majority of the correspondence. Mrs. Maverick, a writer, was the wife of George Madison Maverick and mother of the peace activist and world government proponent Lola Maverick Lloyd. Also included are genealogical materials, and a small number of photographs. less
Leckie, Katherine, -1930
Katherine Leckie papers, 1914-1925
Katherine Leckie was a suffragist and journalist who founded a feminist editorial consulting and lecture bureau in New York City. She was press and booking agent to Rosika Schwimmer for her 1914-1915 United States lecture tour, and worked as press... more
Katherine Leckie was a suffragist and journalist who founded a feminist editorial consulting and lecture bureau in New York City. She was press and booking agent to Rosika Schwimmer for her 1914-1915 United States lecture tour, and worked as press manager for the Henry Ford Peace Expedition of 1915. Her papers consist of her business correspondence and subject files related to the Ford Peace Expedition, the Neutral Conference for Continuous Mediation, and the International Congress of Women at The Hague. Materials in the subject files consist of printed matter, resolutions, and a small amount of financial material. less
Wynner, Edith
Edith Wynner papers, circa 1890-1999 [bulk 1947-1990]
76.92 linear feet (176 boxes)
Edith Wynner (1915-2003) was a writer, speaker, and activist for world government, peace, and feminism throughout the 20th century. The Edith Wynner papers document her work as secretary to Mme. Rosika Schwimmer, lecturer and author on world... more
Edith Wynner (1915-2003) was a writer, speaker, and activist for world government, peace, and feminism throughout the 20th century. The Edith Wynner papers document her work as secretary to Mme. Rosika Schwimmer, lecturer and author on world government, and biographer of Rosika Schwimmer. less
Schwimmer, Rosika, 1877-1948
Rosika Schwimmer papers, 1890-1983 [bulk 1904-1948]
160 linear feet (592 boxes)
Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) was a Hungarian-born writer and political activist who spent her life working for the causes of feminism, pacifism, and world government. She was the mastermind of the 1915 Ford Peace Expedition, and in 1937 co-founded... more
Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) was a Hungarian-born writer and political activist who spent her life working for the causes of feminism, pacifism, and world government. She was the mastermind of the 1915 Ford Peace Expedition, and in 1937 co-founded the political lobbying organization Campaign for World Government. Her papers include correspondence, professional writings and speeches, organizational and financial records, miscellaneous personal items, printed matter, artifacts, and photographs. less
Lloyd, Lola Maverick, 1875-1944
Lola Maverick Lloyd papers, 1856-1949
35 linear feet; 88 boxes
Lola Maverick Lloyd was a prominent social activist involved in the international peace and world government movements during the first half of the twentieth century. The collection contains personal and professional materials documenting her life... more
Lola Maverick Lloyd was a prominent social activist involved in the international peace and world government movements during the first half of the twentieth century. The collection contains personal and professional materials documenting her life and participation in the Ford Peace Expedition of 1915-1916, and her 1937 co-founding of the Campaign for World Government. less
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Home Subject Areas Latest TOGAF® 9 Articles TOGAF – A Lingua Franca For Enterprise Architecture?
TOGAF – A Lingua Franca For Enterprise Architecture?
By Roger Evernden -
One of the major selling points for TOGAF is that it provides a standardized, common foundation for the discipline of Enterprise Architecture.
In other words, everything in TOGAF – the ideas and concepts, methods and process, techniques and guidelines, metamodel and reference models – defines the lingua franca for EA.
Speaking the Right Language
A lingua franca is the language, adopted as common, between speakers whose native languages are different. (Historically lingua franca was a mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Arabic, and Spanish that was used in the eastern Mediterranean.) So my question in this blog is: how useful is TOGAF as an Esperanto go-between language for enterprise architects from different backgrounds?
This subject came up recently when I advised a client about recruiting experienced architects. How varied are the backgrounds of EA professionals? And to what extent do architects speak different languages?
Well even the phrase “enterprise architecture” is open to interpretation. As a personal anecdote, this year is my 30th year as an enterprise architect, and throughout these three decades the phrase “enterprise architecture” continues to have different meanings! When I started as an architect the discipline was known as Information Architecture – but not with the same meaning as today!
You’re an Enterprise What?
The phrase was coined by Richard Saul Wurman in 1976 as a response to the growing volumes contemporary information. He argued that we needed a systemic way of managing the fourth resource of information, and saw an analogy with the use of architecture in buildings. It was much later that information architecture gained its more narrow focus, associated with the Internet.
Then EA became known as Information Systems Architecture – a phrase popularized by the publication of John Zachman’s Systems Journal article on the subject, which later became known as the Zachman Framework. Gradually EA evolved to cover more than just its IT origins – expanding to include business and organization. And EA’s scope has expanded now beyond the enterprise boundary to include its environmental and social context.
So it is really not too surprising that EA professionals have very varied backgrounds. This is where TOGAF steps in, by attempting to provide a common foundation for the discipline.
Early versions of TOGAF were focused on information technology, but gradually came to include a stronger business orientation. This is evident in the four TOGAF domains – starting with Business, followed by Data and Application, and ending with Technology – and in the sequence of the ADM which starts from business requirements, architecture vision and business architecture.
Overcoming the Linguistic Barrier
Even within TOGAF, the nature of each of the domains means a difference in subject matter and techniques, which can create linguistic barriers. I had to address this issue recently with a client where the word “application” had several meanings; for business people an “application” was often the complete suite of software that supported their needs; in operations application and system were interchangeable terms; and even within development an application could mean standalone software or a module.
But this was the tip of the iceberg… On one project we found that the same architectural components were referred to variously as a transaction, process, procedure, activity, service or function. Executives, business analysts, product managers, business managers, policy makers, application architects, and process modellers had their own label or different meanings. A further complication is that there are frequently overlaps between the labels and meaning!
Fortunately TOGAF has several resources that can help to solve this jumble, although there are limitations. The language throughout the TOGAF documentation is pretty consistent – one of the reasons for interim releases such as 9.1 is actually to correct any minor deviations in language. The four domains go a step further by providing consistent ways to segment the architecture; this segmentation is based partly on the different subject matter, concepts, and architecture components (and therefore language) in each domain.
The metamodel attempts a standard taxonomy, but this is where providing a lingua franca becomes tricky – providing a single metamodel construct to cover every stakeholder perspective only works for very simple concepts.
So here’s the rub. TOGAF is about as good as it gets as a common Esperanto for EA. Everything described in TOGAF uses a consistent language – and that helps enormously. But as architects we need to be aware that we can’t force a common language on stakeholders.
There will always be differences in meaning. And this point is sometimes overlooked when practicing EA: ultimately we need to talk to stakeholders in their own language, while simultaneously translating into TOGAF-ese. Beware of only speaking TOGAF!
Roger Evernden
http://www.evernden.net/
Roger has been working as an Enterprise Architect since 1984, and over the years has been in involved in some of the most advanced, innovative and challenging Enterprise Architecture projects. He has extensive experience in applying all of the key EA approaches, including Zachman, TOGAF and Information FrameWork (IFW) and has been involved in establishing and embedding Enterprise Architecture Programmes that delivered strategic business results in organisations all around the world. Roger now works as a trainer, mentor and coach, specialising in developing individual and organisational capability in using Enterprise Architecture techniques and tools.
What’s wrong with TOGAF? Part 1
Video: What is The Learning Ecosystem
A Brief History of PRINCE2 Project Management
Benefits of Managing Successful Programmes (MSP)
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1 Book review: Chris Anderson, Makers – what I learned and what I already knew
Italians are looking forward to the release of the translated version of Makers by Chris Anderson on January 9, 2013. We here at MakeTank of course already had a copy of the book in English, and this is a good opportunity to provide a short book review.
The book starts with an autobiographical introduction in which we meet Chris Anderson in his grandpa's garage, turning pieces of metal into high precision components; then we move on to a panorama of the Maker and DIY movement in North Amerca. The rest of the book is based on the author's firsthand experiences in the use of these new technologies for design and manufacturing, as well as case studies like Tesla (the super electric car) or Local Motors where you can build your own personalized car (with a head mechanic to support you). Then there's the story of 3D Robotics, the remote-controlled drone company founded by Anderson and the then-19-year-old Mexican Jordi Munoz. The book is completed by a useful appendix of the main personal fabrication techniques. All in all a pleasant book both from a technical and from a narrative point of view.
Here are some points that I found most interesting as I read along, as well as the confirmation of a few things I already knew.
Manchester: from the first to the third industrial revolution
19th-century Manchester was the locus of the first industrial revolution, while now it is becoming the epicenter of what many are calling the third industrial revolution. Much of this appears to be happening around Fablab Manchester, where students and simply curious Maker-types hang out, although Anderson does note that so far it hasn't produced any startups. This does appear, though, to be a first step in a massive change in British manufacturing approaches.
Building business with Lego Mindstorm
3D Robotics is mainly based on Arduino, but I didn't know that their first remote-controlled flying machine was a mashup using a Lego Mindstorm controller and a few sensors and a model that showed up at Wired's editorial office (I guess it helps to be director of this magazine). If the company now has nearly 3 million dollars in sales each year, some credit goes to an item that many think is just a game.
Good, open pirates
When someone says "China," the first things that come to mine are low quality, the risk of being copied, and thus, how to protect one's intellectual property. Anderson proves us wrong with a story told in Chapter 9: Hazy, a PhD student at the University of Peking, becomes the point person for the ArduPilog Mega open source project and provides a big improvement to its software. Actually, he first cloned the project and put it up for sale on eBay, but Anderson's open approach transformed the potential pirate into contributor in a community of developers.
Kuka Arms
I had never heard of Kuka's robotic arms before, but if they can do even only half the things that the author says and permit one to build a Tesla, I want one (but only if it will also make me a coffee with my Bialetti).
Tijuana: high tech, low cost
To find this point you're going to have to geek out and read note number 35 (in the English version, we assume the notes will be transposed into Italian with the same numbers). Tijuana, in Mexico, has become an important entry point into the Californian tech business ("the California tech corridor"), providing highly educated young people who are ready to jump into the game - just like Jordi, now CEO of 3D Robotics.
DIYBio
We all know that MIT is ahead of the game (after all, if we use the term Fablab today, it's thanks to Neil Gershenfeld, Director of the Department of Atoms and Bits) but apparently they're playing with blocks of DNA to make "programmable material"... not sure what to think of that. All this fits into a subsection of the Makers movement, called DIYBio(logy), in which people are making low cost, open lab machines that can have an important impact on the improvement of the diagnostic sector in the developing world. Like the DremelFuge,a 10 dollar lab centrifuge which spins test tubes with a 3D printed head mounted on a (Dremel brand) electric drill.
And now for what I already knew
It's nice to read success stories in this book that share our idea of a business based on a community, on technology, and on alternative financing like Crowdfunding.
Stories like this provide models on which we can base ourselves - in fact, we at MakeTank think we're pretty much already in the right place. In these first months of our life, we've met many Italian makers, we've helped define a Fablab in Florence, and we're about to launch the final element of the project - a marketplace that will allow Makers to open up to the international market. Along the way, we're learning a lot, and we're ready to learn even more.
Oh yeah: and Chris Anderson is a really big geek. This book is confirmation.
Want to buy the book at Amazon.com?
Wired Italy vs. Wired USA on Makers
OK, so it's not breaking news that the cover of Wired Italy dedicated its cover story in November 2012 to Massimo Banzi, but we've been pretty busy here at MakeTank with the fi[...]
More is more: Digital Grotesque
16 square meters of intensely detailed 3D printed architecture create a modern version of a Baroque grotto. The project, Digital Grotesque, is the brainchild of Swiss architects Mi[...]
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PAR Author Adele Gottfried Recipient of WPA Social Responsibility Award
PAR author Adele Eskeles Gottfried, professor of educational psychology and counseling at the California State University at Northridge, is being honored by the Western Psychological Association (WPA) at their convention next month in Los Angeles. Dr. Gottfried, creator of the Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (CAIMI), has been named recipient of the WPA’s 2011 Social Responsibility Award based on her research in the field of intrinsic motivation that has contributed to enhancing knowledge about children’s motivational development and educational attainment. In recognition of her award, she has received a special invitation to present at the convention; her talk will be entitled, “Searching for Motivation from Childhood through Adulthood: Findings and Implications.” Dr. Gottfried will also present her research on intrinsic motivation at the 2011 Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Biennial Meeting next week in Montreal. This presentation will be entitled, “Developmental Motivation Roots and the Need for Cognition: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study.”
Dr. Gottfried developed the Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (CAIMI) as a tool to help differentiate motivation from achievement and ability factors in students with academic difficulties. The CAIMI is also useful for counseling students in the general population with regard to academic interests and course selection, in instructional planning to stimulate motivation in weak areas and facilitate intrinsic motivation in strong areas, in providing individualized program planning, and in program and educational evaluation by schools and school districts. In addition, the CAIMI is the basis for the construct of gifted motivation, which addresses the concept that individuals with exceptionally high intrinsic motivation have a history of higher academic competence and functioning. Through the years, the evidence for the validity and stability of the CAIMI has continued to mount. Dr. Gottfried currently has both a book chapter and a journal article in press that extend the CAIMI to leadership literature.
To learn more about Dr. Gottfried’s research, click here for her intrinsic motivation bibliography.
Congratulations to Dr. Gottfried on this honor!
Adele, authors, CAIMI, counseling, Gottfried, Psychology, Society for Research in Child Development, SRCD, Western Psychological Association, WPA
CAIMI Author Adele Eskeles Gottfried to Present at APA
Adele Eskeles Gottfried, PhD, author of the Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (CAIMI), will be presenting a paper at the 2014 APA Annual Conference in Washington, DC this week. Entitled, “From Parental Stimulation of Children’s Curiosity to Science Motivation and Achievement,” Gottfried’s longitudinal research shows that when parents encourage their young children’s curiosity, those children have higher academic intrinsic motivation in science subjects and higher science achievement across childhood through adolescence. Overall, the importance of academic intrinsic motivation for children’s subsequent academic competence is demonstrated. This study is part of Gottfried’s ongoing research on longitudinal aspects of parental stimulation’s role in children’s academic intrinsic motivation, and it highlights the importance of the CAIMI in being able to delineate these findings. Gottfried’s presentation will be part of the “Role of Others in Promoting Students’ Motivation, Learning, and Well-Being” session on Sunday, August 10, at 1:00 p.m. in Convention Center Room 115. Please confirm dates and times in your convention program when you get to APA—and be sure to stop by the PAR booth (#438) as well!
PAR Author Richard Rogers Honored with UNT Eminent Faculty Award
The University of North Texas (UNT) has awarded Richard Rogers, PhD, ABPP, with the UNT Foundation Eminent Faculty Award for his work concerning Miranda rights and their use. The award is given annually to a member of the UNT faculty who has made an outstanding scholarly contribution and whose work has greatly inspired the university and community. It is one of the highest honors given by UNT. Dr. Rogers’ research into Miranda warnings and defendants’ understanding of their rights has prompted the American Bar Association to call for more simple and straightforward Miranda language for juveniles. Dr. Rogers is the author of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms, 2nd Ed. (SIRS-2), the Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial™–Revised (ECST™-R), the Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales (R-CRAS), and the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities™ (SAMA™). PAR would like to extend our congratulations on this honor to Dr. Rogers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peMM1SStHqE
APA division names award for PAR founder Bob Smith
PAR is proud to announce that our Executive Chairman and Founder, R. Bob Smith III, PhD, has been honored by the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCCAP), a division of the American Psychological Association (APA). SCCAP has named a new award after Dr. Smith to recognize his efforts in supporting and producing evidence-based psychological assessment measures and procedures. In a further honor, the award will be presented annually at the APA national convention, beginning at this year’s convention, Aug. 8–11 in Chicago. The Bob Smith III, PhD Psychological Assessment Award will be given each year to an individual, a group, or an organization that has advanced the field of scientific assessment in individual psychological functioning, mental health, learning, or social and intellectual development. Another unique feature of this award is that recipients will have the opportunity to present a workshop at the APA national convention designed to instruct practitioners in the use of a cutting-edge psychological assessment product or procedure, or on a topic clinically relevant to psychological assessment. To ensure the award will continue in perpetuity, SCCAP, ...
Social/Emotional Evaluations: Unraveling the ED/SM Dilemma Part 2
Last week, we presented the first part of a two-part series on unraveling the ED/SM dilemma. This week, we talk to the experts on how to use various assessments to evaluate emotional disturbance and social maladjustment. Catch up on last week's blog here. School staff members often have difficulties when it comes to assessing a student who may have emotional disturbance (ED), and getting hard data to back up the decision can be just as difficult. PAR spoke with experts in the field about the use of various instruments that have proven to be useful in gathering the hard data needed in order to make an informed decision about ED eligibility. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) Peter K. Isquith, PhD, is a practicing developmental school neuropsychologist and instructor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He’s the coauthor of the BRIEF2, the new BRIEF2 Interpretive Guide, and the Tasks of Executive Control (TEC). PAR: Why would it be helpful to include a measure of executive functioning in the assessment of a student being evaluated for an ED eligibility? PI: In general, ...
Learn from PAR Authors at NCDA!
PAR staff and authors are on the way to Chicago for this year’s conference. If you are in Chicago for NCDA, make sure to stop by the booth and say hi! Several PAR authors will be presenting on career-related topics. Don’t miss this opportunity to learn from them! Integrating CIP and RIASEC Theories in Career Interventions and Services Wednesday, June 29, 1:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Janet Lenz, PhD & Bob Reardon, PhD, authors of Handbook for Using the Self-Directed Search®: Integrating RIASEC and CIP Theories in Practice Exploring the Gender Gap in STEM: The Impact of Women's Ratings of Mathematical and Scientific Self-Concept on Aspirations Friday, July 1, 10:15 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Melissa Messer, MHS, co-author of the Self-Directed Search® (SDS®) Form R, 5th Edition Examining the Differences in Interest, Skills, and Abilities Across the Workforce Friday, July 1, 4 p.m. to 5:15 p.m. Melissa Messer, MHS, co-author of the Self-Directed Search® (SDS®) Form R, 5th Edition Using an Interactive Career Counseling Tool to Engage Clients Friday, July 1, 10:15 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Jennifer Greene, MSPH, co-author of The Veterans and Military Occupations Finder™ The Relationship Between ...
PAR Receives United Way’s “Spirit of Tampa Bay” Award
This month, PAR was honored to be named as a recipient of the “Spirit of Tampa Bay” award from United Way’s Suncoast Chapter. United Way explains that the award is their way of recognizing companies that go “above and beyond” in organizing and energizing fundraising, volunteerism, and community engagement at their workplaces. Cathy Smith, PAR’s Vice President of Community Relations, was thrilled to accept the award at a special half-time ceremony during a recent Tampa Bay Lightning game. For this honor, however, she credits PAR employees for their commitment and enthusiasm for helping others. “From our beginning more than 35 years ago, PAR’s mission has included giving back to the community,” Cathy explains. Helping children and families in Tampa Bay is a special priority, and PAR employees have participated in a wide range of United Way Suncoast programs that support literacy, mental health, nutrition, and much more. “Staff participation was always strong,” says Cathy, “but about 15 years ago, we reached the milestone of 100% employee participation—and we’ve maintained that every year since.” Each year, a large contingent from PAR participates in ...
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Slumdog Snags Directors Guild Award
Chris Pizzello / AP Photo
Slumdog Millionaire's Danny Boyle won the Best Director award from the Directors Guild of America, improving his chance of claiming the same prize at the Academy Awards on February 22, The Telegraph reports. It's an amazing feat for a film that almost didn't make it into theaters. Originally, Warner Independent was supposed to release the movie, but then Warner Brothers shut down the unit, leaving the film's fate in limbo. For a time, Slumdog was poised to go straight to DVD, but eventually Fox Searchlight picked it up. Backstage, Boyle gushed over the Coen brothers, winners last year for No Country for Old Men, who presented his prize. "To step into the shoes of people like the Coen brothers, I mean, it's phenomenal because I have, as I admitted in the earlier speach, I've stolen from them all my career."
Read it at The Sunday Telegraph
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« Watch This: 3-D Printing an Implantable Ear Stress Makes Organic Fruits Healthier Than Conventional »
Bullying Harms Not Only Victims But Bullies Too
By Breanna Draxler | February 22, 2013 10:47 am
Image courtesy of TOMO/Shutterstock
Researchers at Duke have spent the last two decades studying bullying and they say that it seriously affects mental health in childhood and adulthood, for the bully as well as the victim.
The researchers interviewed some 1,420 kids in North Carolina during their adolescent years, starting at age 9, 11, or 13. About a quarter of the kids said they had been bullied, and a tenth admitted to bullying others. Half as many, a total of 86 kids, reported having played the roles of both victim and aggressor.
Researchers did follow-up interviews with the adolescents over the subsequent twenty years. They found that the bullies and the victims suffered from more depression, anxiety and panic disorders later in life when compared to the control group (those who said they were never bullied or bullies themselves).
Among those who were both childhood bullies and victims of bullying, for example, 25 percent reported thoughts of or attempts at suicide, compared to six percent of participants in the control group. Likewise, panic disorders were reported by 38 percent of bullies and victims as opposed to less than five percent of those without bullying.
For the participants who were uniquely bullies as youths, this behavior of manipulating, exploiting or violating others sometimes continued into adulthood. More than nine percent of bullies reported antisocial personality disorders such as sociopathy in their later years. Such disorders, which often result in criminality, were reported in only two percent of the control group. This is consistent with the findings of a 2011 study that found that the act of bullying, as opposed to a delinquent personality alone, upped one’s risk of committing crimes later in life.
These lasting psychiatric effects of childhood bullying were true even after accounting for factors such as poverty or a dysfunctional home life, according to the results published Wednesday in JAMA Psychiatry. The study was not the first study of its kind, but it was the first to show a direct link between bullying and an increased risk of longterm psychiatric disorders, especially in such a large sample size.
For a sense of the emotional damage of bullying in images rather than numbers, watch this incredible, animated video based on a spoken word poem by Shane Koyczan.
CATEGORIZED UNDER: Health & Medicine, Mind & Brain, Top Posts
MORE ABOUT: bullying, mental health
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Wire Stories > Corporate Knights > National Magazine Awards Found... > You Are Here
National Magazine Awards Foundation names Corporate Knights “Magazine of the Year” at gala ceremony in Toronto
Monday, June 10th 2013 11:11:22am
(Toronto, June 10, 2013) Corporate Knights Inc., the company for clean capitalism, proudly announces that its quarterly business and society magazine Corporate Knights was named Canada’s “Magazine of the Year” at the 2013 National Magazine Awards, held June 7 at The Carlu in Toronto.
The mandate of Corporate Knights, which in Canada is distributed through the Globe and Mail, is to shine a light on sustainable businesses and government practices with a mix of news, analysis, commentary, top-notch feature writing and original research. Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Toronto, the magazine has a decade-long track record of delivering informed and objective content to business professionals, consumers, investors and decision makers looking to humanize the marketplace.
Its vision statement makes this clear: “Information empowering markets to foster a better world.”
The coveted “Magazine of the Year” award recognizes Corporate Knights’ many achievements in 2012, including a major redesign and an injection of talented new freelancers, among them award-winning journalists George Monbiot and Canada’s own Chris Turner. Likewise, senior art director Jack Dylan has turned the magazine into a venue for top industry illustrators.
“Corporate Knights was arguably reborn in 2012,” said editor-in-chief Tyler Hamilton, hired in late 2011 to engineer the new direction. “We improved the look and feel and raised the bar on writing talent. We also expanded into the U.S. market through a unique distribution agreement with the Washington Post and launched a digital version of the magazine that gives us global reach, with more to come in 2013.”
Corporate Knights also walked the talk in 2012, becoming the first print business magazine to earn a B Corp. certification, adhering it to the same environmental and social standards it advocates. “On behalf of all our staff, I’d like to thank the National Magazine Awards Foundation for honouring our accomplishments,” Hamilton added. “It’s a milestone, in our view, that a small magazine focused on making capitalism more environmentally and socially responsible is placed in the same group as past winners like The Walrus, Toronto Life, and Canadian Geographic.”
A component of Corporate Knights’ success has been its much-anticipated annual rankings, which measure the sustainability performance of corporations, cities, provinces, countries, investment funds and universities. These include the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World and Canada’s own Best 50 Corporate Citizens list.
Co-founder and Publisher Toby Heaps said “we have been challenging Canadians to think about corporations in new ways for over a decade, coining the term “clean capitalism”, and over the next decade we will build from our best-in-class magazine to take this message global and digital in a big way.”
Media Interviews:
Contact editor Tyler Hamilton, tyler@corporateknights.com
Visit www.corporateknights.com.
More By Corporate Knights
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Four cups of coffee is the perfect amount
A new study, which appeared recently in PLOS Biology, shows that a physiologically-relevant dose of caffeine protects cardiovascular cells from damage. That dosage amount? Approximately four cups.
Caffeine has long been associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 Diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. However, the link to these diseases was yet to be discovered. According to researchers Judith Haendeler and Joachim Altschmied, a mitochondrial protein, p27, may be the culprit. The protein is known to protect heart muscles from cell death, helping to repair the muscles after a heart attack. This research overturns the assumption that the elderly should avoid caffeine. This and over 100 studies have shown the beneficial aspects of coffee consumption in decreasing the risk of breast, colorectal, colon, endometrial, and prostate cancers.
Another recent study, this time conducted by NIH, showed that coffee consumption is related to a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The sample group included over 400,000 Americans aged 50 to 71. Another multinational study of over 500,000 Europeans confirmed the finding.
Coffee, however, should not be seen as a cure-all. Drinking four cups of coffee every day—the magical number—is not enough to give an individual’s sedentary lifestyle a pass. Regular exercise and a good diet still matter and may indeed be intervening variables in some of these studies. However, the shown statistical significance proves coffee’s ability to improve overall health. If you find yourself needing that fourth cup of coffee to make it to the end of your work day, go ahead and reach for it.
Read the original article at BigThink.
According to former Starbucks CEO, climate change threatens your cup of coffee
In an interview with Time magazine, form Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz warned that climate change ranks among the company’s biggest challenges. Rising temperatures and lengthy droughts have made it tougher and more expensive to grow the coffee beans the chain needs to remain active. He said that climate change is going to play a bigger role in affecting the quality and integrity of coffee worldwide—not just at Starbucks locations.
At the time of the interview, Schultz was visiting a Starbucks farm in Costa Rica. This particular farm grows and roasts Arabica coffee, but it also serves as an essential research center for the company. It allows Starbucks to study the impact of climate change on growing coffee. Though the research center was built specifically for Starbucks, Schultz wants to share the implications of their data with the world. He says that if the information is not widely spread, there will be “tremendous adverse pressure on the coffee industry.”
The risks climate change poses to coffee are not new. In 2016, a report from Australia-based Climate Institute said the total growing area for coffee worldwide would be cut in half by 2050. A 2017 study published by “Proceedings for the National Academy of Sciences” said the decline in areas could drop even further. It found that certain regions in Latin America could decline by as much as 88 percent by 2050.
Schultz himself, though no longer the CEO of Starbucks, holds the honorary title of chairman emeritus. This designation adds more weight to his statements; no longer the chairman or CEO, he has no responsibility to the company. His words should not be taken lightly by coffee companies and consumers.
Read the original article at USA Today.
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Big Waves
August 5, 2018 Big Waves, SurfingBy Confessions of a Surfer Girl
On January 18, 2018, renowned Brazilian big wave surfer Maya Gabeira charged the mountainous peaks of Praia do Norte in Nazaré, Portugal. According to videographers, oceanographers and academics, her wave clocked in at 80 feet.
8-0, people.
Let’s take a moment to marinade on that number.
That’s eight stories tall…when the rest of us are shaking in our boots over 10 feet, multiply that by eight and that’s what Gabeira rode. The hard-charging waterwoman matched Garrett McNamara’s November 2017 record of 80-feet at the same break.
“Since 2013, I have been trying to bring the idea that we should have a women’s world record,” said Gabeira. “I started talking about it through emails with The Big Wave Awards, which, a couple years back, was bought out by the World Surf League. Since 2013, I have had very vague responses on it…nothing was clear at all.”
Aside from being one of the most decorated and pioneering females in the big wave arena, her 2018 wave was not Gabeira’s first record-breaker. In 2009, she broke the record for biggest wave ridden by a female at Dungeons in South Africa clocking a 46-foot ride, nearly half the size of her Nazare wave.
With her mind focused on riding the world’s biggest waves, Gabeira set her sights on Nazare’s massive size-holding capabilities, a wave that nearly ended the young charger’s life.
In 2013, Gabeira nearly drowned after wiping out and losing consciousness on a massive wave at Nazare.
“It almost ended my career with the complications I had with injuries and to come back and be able to surf, it was already my dream,” said Gabeira.
After five years of dedication, recovery and training coupled with her passion for big waves, Gabeira put pedal to the metal and caught a massive mountain of water–a wave large enough to put her in the Guinness Book of World Records.
Photo Courtesy of: Alex Laurel
Maya would go.
When Gabeira approached the Guiness Book of World Records, they referred her back to the WSL for certification.
But despite reaching out, the WSL gave very vague and inconsistent responses to Gabeira’s amazing accomplishment. Every few weeks, Gabeira followed up with the WSL and still no confirmation of any progress. Frustrated with the organization’s lack of support or responsiveness, Gabeira let them know her intentions and in August 2018, started her petition.
Although, the organization did at the last minute ask her to present at the annual Big Wave Awards this past April for the Men’s Big Wave Award of the Year. To add more salt to the wound, during the women’s division, none of her clips were displayed.
“I had to hold my tears, breathe and go back stage to then present the men’s division,” said Gabeira. “I was kind of really baffled because I flew all the way to LA to not see any of my waves [displayed], to be celebrating the winter and pretend I wasn’t participating in the winter. While all my [male] peers had all their waves they rode on the same day exposed and won awards and records.”
After multiple backstage apologies from the WSL’s director post-awards, Gabeira sat down with him where he reiterated the WSL’s interest and dedication to her accomplishment. But radio silence from the WSL soon followed…again.
“I just want this [record] to be established because I think it’s important for women–it’s always been to me, at least” said Gabeira. “When Garrett [McNamara] discovered Nazare, it’s always left such a big impression on me to be able to see somebody credited with “The biggest wave ever” and have a number on it. Being in a sport that’s very subjective, it was something that I got attached to. I just want to finish it off so the next person doesn’t have to make it all happen from the beginning. They can just have the category established, surf a bigger wave and break the record and BOOM–it’s registered.”
With the WSL’s recent leadership falling under CEO Sophie Goldschmidt, Gabeira was hoping this would propel the industry and open a new chapter for women in the sport. The WSL gave this response via email:
“We have a huge amount of respect for all our big wave surfers. We have been in active discussions with Guinness for some time on the topic of reviewing Maya’s incredible ride from Nazare earlier this year for submission, and look forward to continuing to celebrate men’s and women’s big wave surfing with an announcement soon.”
The WSL got back to me within hours with this response, however, when I asked them specifically why the process took as long as it did and why the WSL couldn’t give Maya a solid answer, I was told…(am I surprised?)–> all they could say was just that.
“I don’t know if it’s just a lack of professionalism or if it’s just a lack of care for an athlete,” said Gabeira. “It’s my job, it’s what I’ve done for many many years of my life and to not take that seriously, it’s extremely disrespectful and it really hurts.”
To no surprise, after Gabeira’s petition launched and the world became aware of what was going on behind the bro-curtains of the surf industry, the WSL now crowds her inbox. 🙂
Best of luck, Maya. We are rooting for you! <3
Check out Maya’s video:
athletesbig wavespro surfersurfer girlTravelwaves
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First African Baptist Welcomes Saving Lives Program
in Saving Lives
By Kirsten J. Barnes
In January the University of Alabama started Saving Lives, a faith-based partnership to increase health literacy and to support residents in rural and urban Alabama in attaining higher levels of health and wellness through the use of prudent health practices and scripture.
In addition to using theologically sound doctrine to support health care information and recommendations, the program helps area churches facilitate workshops on topics such as talking to your doctor, weight management, being familiar with and understanding medications, preventing and managing diabetes, and cooking healthy nutritional meals.
The Rev. Richard L. Morgan, pastor of First African Baptist Church in Tuscaloosa, said he is pleased to offer the program to his congregation.
"It's great because it co-mingles what we try to do in our ministry," which Morgan calls "a holistic approach. We already had a wellness ministry going, but Saving Lives helps us to reinforce that part of the program. Because it's a scripture-based, it helps my parishioners take the word of God and apply it to their health issues."
First African Baptist pastor, the Rev. Richard L. Morgan, stands in the sanctuary of his church, which is one of three Tuscaloosa churches participating in a pilot faith-based health program.
The university purposely selected a scripture-based approach because of its compatibility with the existing religious and cultural norms of the state and nation. The initial pilot audience includes leaders and members in Tuscaloosa African American churches.
For Morgan's congregation of 500 people, he decided to use participation as a guide to measure the successfulness of the program. So far, his expectations have been met.
"Our goal was to get at least 50 participants each time. We've reached that goal," Morgan said. "We've gotten diversity in age and we've gotten some men and women. So, I'm pleased with what we've done. That shows how many people are really willing to get involved. Sometime with new ventures it's slow starting off, but this already seems to be building."
So far, First African has focused on reaching its members. However, Morgan said once they incorporate the information into its outreach ministry, his church will take the Saving Lives message to community centers and housing developments throughout the community.
"We're going to start to incorporate the program into our outreach ministry," said Morgan, adding that his congregation conducts monthly community outreach as an attempt to reach non-members.
This is exactly the kind of snowball effect that UA Vice President for Community Affairs Dr. Samory T. Pruitt hoped would occur when he envisioned the Saving Lives program.
"UA researchers and local pastors believe a combination of faith-based practices in collaboration with outreach and engagement scholarship strategies can contribute to an improvement in the overall health of Alabamians, reducing the risk of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hearth disease, cancer and stroke," said Pruitt.
The program will attempt to shed light on health care challenges facing 62 million rural citizens in the United States and the 2 million Alabamians who are dealing with a variety of health care and health insurance problems.
Ms. Tera Glenn, of Alabama Cooperative Extensions, demonstrates a healthy recipe option for members of First African Baptist Church.
Already, Morgan sees how the information is assisting his congregation, especially those battling high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, obesity and illnesses common to African Americans.
"Ministry should impact the life of the person. You've got to be able to reach the people where they are," Morgan said. "They want Christ, but they are dealing with other issues as well. Everyone does their six month or annual check-ups, but having this reinforcement every month helps."
The goal of the program is to reach as many churches and congregations as possible by providing them with a curriculum and the tools necessary to spread the word about health living.
"We want to empower faith-based leaders and congregational members to engage in activities that will enhance their physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being," Pruitt said. "A second objective is for the University of Alabama to conduct research that will answer questions on the type of engagement strategies that can help eliminate health disparities among minorities, as well as rural and inner-city residents. A third objective is to implement strategies in rural communities to increase the overall health literacy of the program participants."
Christopher Spencer, director of Community Development for the Center for Community-Based Partnerships, hopes that by starting with First African Baptist, College Hill Baptist, and Plum Grove Baptist, UA will gain insight into how best to expand the program into additional congregations.
"Researchers will utilize the best practices from the first three churches to develop a strategic plan to include other ethnic, religious and geographic groups to include congregational members from synagogues, mosques and diverse faith-based organizations located in Alabama and across the nation," Spencer said.
Morgan believe the program has great potential for expansion, but thinks the program will work best for congregations led by forward-thinking ministers with outreach and teaching philosophies.
"Every ministry is different," Morgan said. "Some pastors may not see it as a need. For certain congregations it may not be a good fit, based on the pastor's guidance. But for those congregations that are more health conscious it will be an added tool, especially for those servant leaders who try to be role models. For them, this would be ideal."
"This program will give church leaders and university researchers an opportunity to complete the assessment on the pilot churches and to make any necessary adjustments prior to implementing the initiatives in rural communities," Pruitt said.
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Title: The Joys of Much Too Much: Go for the Big Life--The Great Career, The Perfect Guy, and Everything Else You've Ever Wanted
Author: Bonnie Fuller
ASIN: B008SLOJFU
From Publishers Weekly If you still don't know how she does it, Fuller can tell you: don't sweat the small stuff (forget about organizing the sock drawer!), don't expect to be perfect and don't feel guilty. Fuller is a high-powered magazine editor, wife and mother of four, and in the upbeat, peppy style of Helen Gurley Brown, one of her mentors, she explains how you can have it all and enjoy getting it. Fuller is a believer in the power of positive thinking: push yourself forward, she says, and behave in a self-confident manner in order to get the job you want. You can balance marriage, family and career, she says, if your marriage is based on mutual unconditional love. Fuller has had a few hard knocks along the way and describes how she coped with the serious illnesses of two of her daughters, and a career crisis when she was fired from Glamour and had to struggle for months before getting another job. Failure is not a permanent condition, this optimist advises, and her pragmatic approach to a "jam-packed, maxed-out" life should inspire other women trying to have it all. (Apr.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Review "Bonnie has the right attitude for an abundant life; she thinks big. Even better, she lives big. The Joys of Much Too Much is big on good advice, and my advice is to read it, study it, and learn." -- Donald J. Trump
"This book is a must-read for any woman trying to balance family, love, life. . . . Bonnie Fuller proves it can be done." -- Tommy Hilfiger
"I've always admired Bonnie's no-holds-barred approach to life. Her book is a great read for anyone who wants it all (it's true, you really can have it all). When one door closes, Bonnie will show you how to find that elusive back or side door." -- Bobbi Brown, CEO and founder, Bobbi Brown Cosmetics
"For the woman who wants it all, Bonnie's book is a must-have!" -- Carmen Electra
"Bonnie's book is great. She understands the importance of excess." -- Isaac Mizrahi
"After reading The Joys of Much Too Much, you will understand why she's Bonnie Fuller, not Bonnie Lesser. She leads such a full, vibrant, generous, and inspiring life, and she knows how to be a 'star.' Lucky for us she has written a book so now we can all learn to shine!" -- Karen Duffy, author of Model Patient
"CliffsNotes from a mommy mogul. Fun, informative, and fast-paced." -- Cynthia Rowley
"Here's a great book that will help any reader want more and get more out of life." -- Barbara Corcoran, author of If You Don't Have Big Breasts, Put Ribbons on Your Pigtails
"Fuller is an editor who gave her competitors conniptions while pulling celebrities off their pedestals and redressing the out-of-whack balance between PR and the press. She's also a wife, mother, a loyal friend, and now an author. If I didn't like her, I'd have to kill her." -- Michael Gross, author of 740 Park: The Story of the World's Richest Apartment Building
"Bonnie Fuller masterfully exposes the dirty little secret of all the overworked, overburdened, over-achievers out there -- they actually enjoy it!" -- Gigi Levangie Grazer, author of Maneater and The Starter Wife
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Sun, 18 March 2018
DigiGods Episode 113: Enter the Badlands
DigiGods Podcast, 03/20/18 (MP3) — 35.67 MB
9 Lives - 9 Action Movie Collection (Blu-ray)
The Age of Innocence (Blu-ray)
The Assistant (DVD)
Baal (Blu-ray)
Bible Hunters (Smithsonian) (DVD)
The Blood Spattered Bride (Blu-ray)
Children of the Corn: Runaway (Blu-ray)
Code Name: Diablo (DVD)
Court (Blu-ray)
Crossbow - The Complete Series (DVD)
Curb Your Enthusiasm: The Complete Ninth Season (DVD)
Dirt (DVD)
Divine Order (Blu-ray)
Doctor Who: The Complete Peter Capaldi Years (Blu-ray)
Downsizing (4k UHD Blu-ray)
The Drowning Pool (Blu-ray)
Eaten Alive (Blu-ray)
The Good Fight: Season One (DVD)
The Gospel Collection (DVD)
Hammer Double Feature - Maniac & Die Die My Darling (Blu-ray)
Hammer Double Feature - Never Take Candy From Strangers & Scream of Fear (Blu-ray)
Harper (Blu-ray)
Into the Badlands: The Complete Second Season (Blu-ray)
Kendra on Top - Season 6 (DVD)
LEGO Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures (DVD)
Major Crimes: The Sixth and Final Season (DVD)
Moka (DVD)
Nowhere in Africa (DVD)
Nowhere in Africa (Blu-ray)
The Orchard End Murder (Blu-ray)
The Passion of Joan of Arc (Blu-ray)
Pitch Perfect 3 (4k UHD Blu-ray)
Pitch Perfect 3 (Blu-ray/DVD)
Porto (Blu-ray)
Red Krokodil: Directors Cut (Blu-ray)
The Rift: Dark Side of the Moon (DVD)
Small Town Crime (Blu-ray)
The Sunshine Makers (DVD)
The Vanishing of Sidney Hall (Blu-ray)
Woodpeckers (DVD)
Direct download: 2018_-_03_20_DigiGods.m4a
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Suzanne Weiss Jan 1, 2011
Also in Theater
Nobody Loves You, San Diego Josh Baxt
The Royale, LA George Alexander
October Sky San Diego ,
Josh Baxt
Next to Normal, National Tour
Alice Ripley and Curt Hansen in “Next to Normal”
Photo by Craig Schwartz
Next to Normal, San Francisco (National Tour)
Music by Tom Kitt
Book and lyrics by Brian Yorkey
Directed by Michael Greif
Curran Theatre, San Francisco
Jan. 26- Feb. 20, 2011
“Normal” and “ordinary” are relative concepts. But be assured there is nothing ordinary about “Next to Normal,” the 2010 Tony- and Pulitzer Prize-winning musical currently touring the country. Dealing with bipolar disorder is not such stuff as Broadway dreams are made on, but Tom Kitt’s powerhouse score and Brian Yorkey’s insightful book and lyrics, wedded to an ensemble cast that is next to perfection have made this one a winner. If rock music and mental illness scare you, by all means stay away. Otherwise, take the leap and have a theatrical experience that is way beyond the entertainment norm.
Diana (the incomparable Alice Ripley, who won the 2010 Best Actress Tony for this role) has suffered from bipolar disorder ever since the death of her infant son, some 18 years ago. Except he is still around in her delusions—her staunch supporter, her White Knight, the love of her life, keeping her emotionally distant from both her daughter (Emma Hunton) and loyal-but-enabling husband (Asa Somers). Natalie, the daughter, operates from a deep core of anger, going from the “good girl” who plays the piano and does all her homework to a club-hopping, pill-popping teen rebel in the course of the show. She longs for her mother to notice her, to come to her recitals and sports events, but she can’t compete with the absent brother who is always there. A budding romance with a fellow musician (Preston Sadleir) threatens to derail from the force of her unhappiness. Her song “Superboy and the Invisible Girl” powerfully outlines the dilemma.
The husband, Dan, is in denial. He never mentions Gabe, the son (wonderfully and seductively played by Curt Hansen). He pretends everything is all right and, for a while, Diana seems to go along with the game. Until, in a manic phase, she starts slapping pieces of bread on the floor to make sandwiches on a kind of assembly line. Then it’s off to the doctor once again. The pill-dispensing Dr. Fine is played by Jeremy Kushnier, as is the more sympathetic Dr. Madden, who works more intensively with Diana, first trying “talking” therapy, then hypnosis and then, in desperation, shock treatments.
Hard to see the humor in all this but, thanks to the book and the actors, it’s there. Recitation of lists of mood-altering drugs can be funny if delivered in a certain way. Diana, herself, keeps a caustic sense of humor about what is happening in her life. The show is not as bleak as its subject matter and, believe it or not, there are quite a few laughs. And some terrific songs. Kitt’s music runs the gamut from hard rock to a gentle waltz. It is totally wedded to the subject matter and moves the show along. The one flaw is that you can’t always understand all the words. And that’s too bad because the words are important. Nevertheless, you get the idea. And the ideas expressed in this show are moving and powerful. Love, grief, loyalty, anger, fear and regret—really all as normal as blueberry pie.
Suzanne Weiss San Francisco ,
Suzanne Weiss has been writing about the arts for the past 35 years. Formerly Arts Editor for the papers of Pioneer Press in the northern Chicago suburban area, her work also has appeared in Stagebill and Crain’s Chicago Business, among other publications. Since moving to the Bay Area she has reviewed theater, opera, dance and the occasional film for the San Mateo Times, “J” and is a regular contributor to culturevulture. She is the author of “Glencoe, Queen of Suburbs.”
Next to Normal, LA Karen Weinstein
The Queen Archive
Rich Girl, San Diego San Diego,
The Rocky Horror Show, San Diego Sep 9, 2011
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Featured Speakers Biographies
The information on this page is for Empower19 in Chicago, Illinois. Check back in September for information about the 2020 ASCD Empower Conference, which will be held March 13–16, 2020, in Los Angeles, California.
General Sessions Speakers | Featured Sessions Speakers | Keynote Luncheons Speakers
The following speakers are scheduled to appear at ASCD Empower19. The full list of speakers scheduled to appear at Empower19 is available in the conference mobile app.
General Sessions Speakers
Ron Clark
Ron Clark is known as "America's Educator." In 2000, he was named Disney's American Teacher of the Year. He is a New York Times best-selling author whose book The Essential 55 has sold more than 1 million copies and has been published in 25 different countries. He has been featured on The Today Show, CNN, and Oprah, and Ms. Winfrey even named him as her first "Phenomenal Man." His classes have been honored at the White House on three separate occasions. Clark's teaching experiences in New York City are the subject of the uplifting film The Ron Clark Story, starring Matthew Perry.
Saturday General Session: Teaching Through Adversity: Facing Challenges and Making a Difference
See General Session information
Doris Kearns Goodwin is a world-renowned presidential historian, public speaker, and Pulitzer Prize–winning and best-selling author. Well known for her appearances and commentary on television, Goodwin is seen frequently on major television and cable networks and shows, including Meet the Press, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, and many others. She was featured as herself on the FX horror anthology American Horror Story and on The Simpsons in the role of Lisa Simpson's teacher.
Sunday General Session: Presidential Leadership Lessons: A Conversation with Doris Kearns Goodwin
Ashton Kutcher is an actor, philanthropist, entrepreneur, investor, and producer. He has been named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World," as well as being honored by Vanity Fair magazine's New Establishment List, which identifies the top 50 of an innovative new breed of buccaneering visionaries, engineering prodigies, and entrepreneurs. Twice, Kutcher was named one of Forbes magazine's "World's Most Powerful Celebrities," as well as one of Fast Company magazine's "Most Creative People." Kutcher is also the cofounder of Thorn: Digital Defenders of Children (www.wearethorn.org). Thorn drives technology innovation to fight the sexual exploitation of children.
Monday General Session: Remarks by Ashton Kutcher
^Return to top.
Featured Sessions Speakers
Speakers will be listed as they become available.
Whitney Allgood
National School Climate Center, New York, NY
Whitney Allgood is the CEO of the National School Climate Center, the nation's leading school climate reform organization specializing in creating safer, more supportive and successful school communities. She has worked as a teacher, researcher, policy analyst and leadership executive in her twenty year career and has worked with K-16 schools, public education systems, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit companies. She holds a Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University's Peabody College of Human Development.
Special Feature: Trauma and Equity Panel
Date: Saturday, March 16, 2019
See session information
Brook Bello
Brook Parker-Bello is the CEO and founder of More Too Life Inc. and Youthiasm and is an Open Doors Outreach Network provider. Bello is an international champion against human trafficking and sexual violence and is the author of several books, the LATN™ mentoring education, and the RJEDE® prevention curriculum. She holds a PhD and masters in pastoral clinical counseling and two honorary doctorates. Bello received the Lifetime Achievement Award from President Obama in 2016 and the Advocate of the Year Award from Attorney General Pam Bondi and Governor Rick Scott in 2017. In 2018, she was chosen as a Google Next Gen Policy Leader. For more information on Bello's curriculum, please visit http://sosuniversity.com.
Special Feature: Human Trafficking 101 for Educators
Brian Bolden
Ronald E. McNair Discovery Learning Academy, Decatur, GA
Brian Bolden is an award-winning educator, author, and motivational speaker. He is the former principal of R.E. McNair Discovery Learning Academy in Decatur, Georgia, where in 2013 he received international recognition as the result of how the school responded when an active shooter entered the school in and no one was injured.
Sherry Earle
Newtown Public Schools, Newtown, CT
For more than 30 years, Sherry Earle has taught in urban and suburban school systems in mainstream education, gifted education, and special education classes. Sherry has spent the last thirteen years as a teacher and administrator with the Newtown Public Schools. The district is home to Sandy Hook Elementary, which experienced a mass shooting in 2012. She has a Ph.D. in Gifted Education from Kent State University.
Sharif El-Mekki
Sharif El-Mekki is the proud principal of Mastery Charter Schools–Shoemaker Campus and has been working in schools for 25 years. He is the founder of The Fellowship: Black Male Educators for Social Justice, an organization that supports current and aspiring black male educators. He blogs at www.phillys7thward.org.
Special Feature: Passing the Torch: Supporting Youth as Partners in the Fight for Social Justice
Huda Essa
Huda Essa, the founder of Culture Links LLC, has had a positive influence on countless communities through her engaging and thought-provoking learning opportunities. Essa uses her extensive experience as a cultural competency consultant, former teacher, and English language development specialist to help organizations successfully meet their diversity and inclusion initiatives. She is a TEDx speaker and the author of the motivational children's book Teach Us Your Name, which focuses on empowering children to take pride in their many identities while showing respect for themselves and others. Essa continues to write culturally relevant children's books and produces a series of short films about matters of social justice.
Special Feature: Students' Names Are Students' Identities: Building Culturally Responsive Practices
N. Chaunté Garrett
N. Chaunté Garrett is chief academic officer at Rocky Mount Preparatory School in Rocky Mount, N. C., and an ASCD emerging leader. As a classroom teacher, building-level administrator, and chief academic officer, her priorities of her service remain educating the whole child, closing achievement gaps, and helping all students succeed.
Basil Marin
Basil Marin earned a bachelor of science degree in business administration from Eastern Mennonite University and a master of arts in teaching in special education from Liberty University. He earned the education specialist degree in educational leadership from Old Dominion University (ODU) in 2017 and recently matriculated into the PhD in educational leadership program at ODU. He is currently in his first year serving as an assistant principal at Churchland High School in the Portsmouth Public Schools division.
Special Feature: Reaching the Unreachable Student
Keynote Luncheons Speakers
Carlton Ashby
Carlton S. Ashby inspires "edu-carers" worldwide to capitalize on the "power in you" to make a difference in students' lives by focusing on the three keys to student success: relationships, relationships, relationships. Because of his passion for teaching, Ashby chose to remain in the classroom as an elementary school teacher for more than 40 years, and his outstanding approach to classroom teaching has earned him wide recognition, including Who's Who among America's Teachers and the National Honor Roll's Outstanding American Teachers. His philosophy is that all children can learn and that learning occurs when teachers believe in themselves, believe in children, and believe that they can make a difference in the lives they touch every day.
Keynote Luncheon: Taking Our Elementary Children from a Student Mindset to a Scholar Mindset
Bertice Berry
Sociologist Bertice Berry is a best-selling author and award-winning lecturer who has been named Comedian of the Year, Lecturer of the Year, and Entertainer of the Year. She has published 11 best-selling fiction and nonfiction books and has won numerous awards and accolades for her writing and presentations. Berry has had her own nationally syndicated television show and has hosted; interviewed; and made numerous other television, documentary and radio appearances on a variety of diverse venues including The Tonight Show, Oprah, Between the Lions, Crossfire, 20-20, NPR, PBS, Comedy Central, and CBN.
Keynote Luncheon: Renew, Re-Energize, and Re-Engage
James Carville and Mary Matalin
James Carville is an unbowed liberal and Mary Matalin is a celebrated conservative voice, former assistant to President George W. Bush, and counselor to Vice President Dick Cheney. Matalin and Carville are key players on the national political stage—they each have more than 30 years of experience in politics and have individually worked for Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Matalin served as President George H. W. Bush's campaign manager in 1992, while her soon-to-be husband Carville was President Bill Clinton's campaign manager.
Now they share their political opinions and affiliations—which haven't merged, despite matrimony—with audiences everywhere and provide a stimulating, candid, and provocative analysis of today's hot-button political issues from both sides of the political aisle.
Keynote Luncheon: All's Fair: Love, War, and Politics
Mark Anthony Garrett
Mark Anthony Garrett is one of the most compelling motivational and self-development speakers of our time. He has inspired audiences throughout the world with his electrifying, high-energy speeches, seminars, trainings, and life-coaching sessions. A successful businessman and leader, Garrett is an international radio talk show host, education consultant, and author of Teachers are Heroes and S.E.R.V.I.C.E. Is Everything!!! Garrett has appeared on various radio shows and within numerous publications. He has been featured on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox affiliates, along with Forbes magazine. He was a featured guest on the Brian Tracy Show and is a leading columnist for Fostering Families Today magazine. Garrett's book and keynote address have placed him at the top of the list as a leading expert within the K–12 education industry. He has spoken for numerous school systems on topics such as teacher leadership, school climate, student achievement, service excellence, and maximizing human potential.
Keynote Luncheon: Teachers Are Heroes: Seven Success Principles for Transformational Teaching
Monique Morris
Monique W. Morris is an award-winning author and social justice scholar with nearly three decades of experience in the areas of education, civil rights, and juvenile and social justice. Morris is the author of Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools (The New Press, 2016), Black Stats: African Americans by the Numbers in the Twenty-First Century (The New Press, 2014), and Too Beautiful for Words (MWM Books, 2012). She has written dozens of articles, book chapters, and other publications on social justice issues and lectured widely on research, policies, and practices associated with improving juvenile justice, education, and socioeconomic conditions for Black girls and women and their families. Morris is the founder and president of the National Black Women's Justice Institute (NBWJI), an organization that works to interrupt school-to-confinement pathways for girls, reduce the barriers to employment for formerly incarcerated women, and increase the capacity of organizations working to reduce sexual assault and domestic violence in African American communities.
Keynote Luncheon: Education Is Freedom Work, and Other Important Reminders about the Demands of Justice
The most watched and discussed speaker in the history of the prestigious TED Conference, Sir Ken Robinson pushes people to rethink outdated assumptions about intelligence and creativity and unleash the real potential of people and organizations. A former professor of education, Robinson knows how the academic and organizational culture of education can stifle creativity and fundamentally disregard people's natural talents and passions. The resulting disengagement represents an enormous opportunity lost. Robinson urges leaders, managers, and educators to upend the status quo and launch a creative revolution to reap the rewards. He has authored numerous New York Times best-sellers. His latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That's Transforming Education (Viking, 2015), written with Robinson's trademark wit and engaging style, tackles the vital issue of how to transform the world's troubled education systems.
Keynote Luncheon: Creative Schools: Revolutionizing Education from the Ground Up
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Ukraine this year its serial production launched the “Vilkha” missile system
The state tests of the “Vilkha” missile system were carried out today in the south of the Kherson region, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Oleksandr Turchynov informed.
According to Mr. Turchynov, all stages of the state tests were successful. “At each stage, various parameters of the tactical and technical characteristics of the missiles were checked for compliance, in particular, the precision of hitting the specified targets at the maximum and minimum ranges, the power and efficiency of destroying the target with the missile’s combat element, multiple destruction of long-distance targets, etc.”, – Secretary of the NSDC of Ukraine said.
Mr. Turchynov noted that according to the decision of the State Commission, the missile system would be put on armament, and this year its serial production would be launched.
“This is a great joint success of Ukrainian scientists, designers, manufacturers, and military who managed to complete the most ambitious task within the shortest time possible”, – he said.
President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, military leaders, experts, and military attaches from 7 countries who expressed their interest in negotiating the acquisition of new, powerful Ukrainian weapons, were present at the tests. “Despite the great interest of our foreign partners, – Secretary of the NSDC of Ukraine underscored, – the priority for us is to provide the missile systems to our Armed Forces”.
Also, Oleksandr Turchynov reported about the ongoing active work on the implementation of the national missile program, “among the priorities of which, in particular, is the creation of new powerful cruise and antiaircraft missiles for our army”.
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Watch what the media has to say about Mortgage Litigation!
Federal Judge Rules: MERS Mortgage Transfers are Illegal
United States Bankruptcy Judge Robert Grossman has ruled that MERS’s business practices are unlawful. He explicitly acknowledged that this ruling sets a precedent that has far-reaching implications for half of the mortgages in this country. MERS is dead. The banks are in big trouble. And all foreclosures should be stopped immediately while the legislative branch comes up with a solution.
For some weeks I have been arguing that MERS is perpetrating foreclosure fraud all across the nation. Its business model makes it impossible to legally foreclose on any mortgaged property registered within its system — which includes half of the outstanding mortgages in the US. MERS was a fraud from day one, whose purpose was to evade property recording fees and to subvert five centuries of property law. Its chickens have come home to roost.
Wall Street wanted to transform America’s housing sector into the world’s biggest casino and needed to undermine property rights to make it easier to run the scam. The payoffs were bigger for lenders who could induce homeowners to take mortgages they could not possibly afford. The mortgages were packaged into securities sold-on to patsy investors who were defrauded by the “reps and warranties” falsely certifying the securities as backed by top grade loans. In fact the securities were not backed by mortgages, and in any case the mortgages were sure to go bad. Given that homeowners would default, the Wall Street banks that serviced the mortgages needed a foreclosure steamroller to quickly and cheaply throw families out of the homes so that they could be resold to serve as purported collateral for yet more gambling bets. MERS — the industry’s creation — stepped up to the plate to facilitate the fraud. The judge has ruled that its practices are illegal. MERS and the banks lose; investors and homeowners win.
Here’s MERS’s business model in brief. Real estate property sales and mortgages are supposed to be recorded in local recording offices, with fees paid. With the rise of securitization, each mortgage might be sold a dozen times before it came to rest as the collateral behind a mortgage backed security (MBS), and each of those sales would need to be recorded. MERS was created to bypass public recording; it would be listed in the county records as the “mortgagee of record” and the “nominee” of the holder of mortgage. Members of MERS could then transfer the mortgage from one to another without all the trouble of changing the local records, simply by (voluntarily) recording transactions on MERS’s registry.
A mortgage has two parts, the “note” and the “security” (not to be confused with the MBS) or “deed of trust” that is usually just called the “mortgage”. The idea behind MERS was that the “note” would be transferred from seller to purchaser, but the “mortgage” would be held by MERS. In fact, MERS recommended that the “note” be held by the mortgage servicer to facilitate foreclosures, but in practice it seems that the notes were often lost or destroyed (which is why all those Burger King Kids were hired to Robo-sign “lost note affidavits”).
At each transfer, the note and mortgage are supposed to be “assigned” to the new owner; MERS claimed that because it was the “mortgagee of record” and the “nominee” of both parties to every transaction, there was no need to assign the “mortgage” until foreclosure. And it argued that since the old adage is that the “mortgage follows the note” and that both parties intended to assign the notes (even if they did not get around to doing it), then the Bankruptcy Court should rule that the assignments did take place in some sort of “virtual reality” so that there is a clear chain of title that allows the servicers to foreclose.
The Judge rejected every aspect of MERS’s argument. The Court rejected the claim that MERS could be both holder of the mortgage as well as nominee of the “true” owner. It also found that “mortgagee of record” is a vague term that does not give one legal standing as mortgagee. Hence, at best, MERS is only a nominee. It rejected MERS’s claim that as nominee it can assign notes or mortgages — a nominee has limited rights and those most certainly do not include the right to transfer ownership unless there is specific written instruction to do so. In scarcely veiled anger, the Judge wrote:
“According to MERS, the principal/agent relationship among itself and its members is created by the MERS rules of membership and terms and conditions, as well as the Mortgage itself. However, none of the documents expressly creates an agency relationship or even mentions the word “agency.” MERS would have this Court cobble together the documents and draw inferences from the words contained in those documents.”
Judge Grossman rejected MERS’s arguments, saying that mere membership in MERS does not provide “agency” rights to MERS, and agreeing with the Supreme Court of Kansas that ruled “The parties appear to have defined the word [nominee] in much the same way that the blind men of Indian legend described an elephant — their description depended on which part they were touching at any given time.”
He went on to disparage MERS’s claim that since in legal theory the “mortgage follows the note”, the Court should overlook the fact that MERS separated them. He stopped just short of saying that by separating them, MERS has irretrievably destroyed the clear chain of title, although he hinted that a future ruling could come to that conclusion:
“MERS argues that notes and mortgages processed through the MERS System are never “separated” because beneficial ownership of the notes and mortgages are always held by the same entity. The Court will not address that issue in this Decision, but leaves open the issue as to whether mortgages processed through the MERS system are properly perfected and valid liens. See Carpenter v. Longan, 83 U.S. at 274 (finding that an assignment of the mortgage without the note is a nullity); Landmark Nat’l Bank v. Kesler, 216 P.3d 158, 166-67 (Kan. 2009) (“[I]n the event that a mortgage loan somehow separates interests of the note and the deed of trust, with the deed of trust lying with some independent entity, the mortgage may become unenforceable”).”
That would mean not only the end of MERS, but also the end of the banks holding unenforceable mortgages because they were not, and cannot be, “perfected”. MERS and the banks screwed up big time, and there is no “do over” — there is no valid lien on the property, so owners have got their homes free and clear.
There have been numerous court rulings against MERS — including decisions made by state supreme courts. What is significant about the US Bankruptcy Court of New York’s ruling is that the judge specifically set out to examine the legality of MERS’s business model. As the judge argued in the decision, “The Court believes this analysis is necessary for the precedential effect it will have on other cases pending before this Court”. In the scathing opinion, Judge Grossman variously labeled MERS’s positions as “stunningly inconsistent” with the facts, “absurd, at best”, and “not supported by the law”. The ruling is a complete repudiation of every argument MERS has made about the legality of its procedures.
What is particularly ironic is that MERS actually forced the judge to undertake the examination of its business model. The case before the judge involved a foreclosed homeowner who had already lost in state court. The homeowner then approached the US Bankruptcy Court to argue that the foreclosing bank did not have legal standing because of MERS’s business practices. However, by the “Rooker-Feldman” doctrine (or res judicata), the US Bankruptcy Court is prohibited from “looking behind” the state court’s decision to determine the issue of legal standing. Hence, Judge Grossman ruled in the bank’s favor on that particular issue.
Yet, MERS’s high priced lawyers wanted to push the issue and asked for the Judge to rule in favor of MERS’s practices, too. So while MERS won the little battle over one foreclosed home, it lost the war against the nation’s homeowners. The Judge ruled against MERS on every single issue of importance. And it was MERS’s stupid arrogance that brought it down.
As I predicted two weeks ago, MERS would be dead within weeks. Judge Grossman has driven the final stake through its black heart. The half of America’s homeowners whose mortgages are registered at MERS have been handed a “get out of jail free” card. Wall Street has no right to foreclose on their property. The tide has turned. It won’t be easy, but homeowners in those states with judicial foreclosures now have Judge Grossman on their side. Those in the other states (just over half) will have a tougher time because they can lose their home before they ever get to court. But the law is still on their side — foreclosure by members of MERS is theft — so class action lawsuits may be the way to go.
MERS is dead, but can the banks survive? There are two separate issues. First, there are the “reps and warranties” given by the mortgage securitizers (Wall Street investment banks) to the investors (pension funds, GSEs, PIMCO, and so on). We now know that a quarter to a third of the mortgages bundled to serve as backing for the securities did not meet stated quality. Worse, we also know that the banks knew this — they hired third parties to undertake “due diligence” to check quality. This was not done to protect the investors, rather, the purpose was to strengthen the bargaining position of the securitizers, who were able to reduce the prices paid for the mortgages. Now, the investors are suing the banks for restitution–forcing them to cover the losses and buy-back the bad mortgages at original price. To add insult to injury, even the NYFed is suing them. That is a lot like having your parents sue you for their inadequate parental oversight of your behavior.
The second issue is that the mortgages backing the securities were supposed to be placed in Trusts (affiliates of the securitizing banks), with the Trustee certifying not only that the mortgages met the reps and warranties but also that the documents were up to snuff and safely locked away. We know they were not. As mentioned above, MERS told the servicers to hold the notes, and many or most of them were destroyed or lost. Further, the notes were separated from the mortgages — making them null and void. In any case, they are not at the Trusts. This means the MBSs are not backed by mortgages, meaning the MBSs are unsecured debt. MERS’s business model ensures that. So, again, the banks must take back the fraudulent securities — paying off the investors.
What can Wall Street do? Well, I suppose the “help wanted” signs are already up at MERS and Wall Street banks: “Needed: Burger King Kids to Robo-sign forged quasi-professional-looking docs”. The problem is that even with tens of thousands of Robo-Kids, Wall Street will not be able to pull off a vast criminal conspiracy on the necessary scale. Think about it: 60 million mortgages, each sold ten times, means 600 million transactions and assignments that have to be forged. MERS’s documentation was notoriously sloppy, relying on voluntary recording by members. The Robo-Kids would have to go back through a decade of records to manufacture a paper trail that would convince now-skeptical judges that there is a clear chain of title from the first recording in the public record through to the foreclosure. It ain’t going to happen.
The only other hope is that Wall Street can call in its campaign contribution chips and get Congress to retroactively legalize fraud. That is what they do in those dictatorships that protestors are now bringing down in the Middle East. Is Washington willing to take that risk, just to please its Wall Street benefactors?
The court document is available here. It is terrific reading.
News Updates & Resources
What type of Mortgage do I have?
Understanding your FICO score
Why Loan Modifications are not working anymore
Mortgage fraud and MERS
The Mortgage securitization scam
Forensic Mortgage Audits are the New Scam targeting Homeowners
U.S. Bankruptcy Court Rules MERS Transfers are illegal!
Improve Credit Score while in Debt
Loan Modification Scams still Strong
Mortgage Bankers have Advantages Over Mortgage Brokers
How Much is too Much for Mortgage Closing Costs?
Learn About the First Mass Joinder: Ronald et. al v. Bank of America
Mortgage MERS Hit with $400,000,000 Lawsuit!
What is a Deed in Lieu?
What is a Short Sale?
What is an Unlawful Detainer?
$25 Billion Foreclosure Settlement!
Mortgage Litigation Information
What is Mortgage Litigation?
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The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. It is not intended to, nor does it, provide legal advice, nor is it intended to be a substitute for legal advice. Consumer Legal Help is not a law firm. We simply inform homeowners about their options towards mortgage litigation, bankruptcy, foreclosure defense and eviction defense, according to general guidelines previously revised and provided by a law firm. We cannot make any promises or guarantees about the completeness or adequacy of the information contained on this website or about the results that you may achieve when you use the above mentioned services. Although Consumer Legal Help may refer you to a law firm, we do not profit from such referral, nor do we receive a referral fee form such law firm. If you are thinking of suing your mortgage lender or bank, you should speak to an attorney first. Every client situation is unique; therefore we cannot guarantee any results. Through this website, you may be able to link to other websites, which are not under the control of Consumer Legal Help. We have no control over the nature, content and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not necessarily imply a recommendation or endorse the views expressed within them.
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WND Revives Never-Proven Conspiracy About Bill Clinton's Purported Illegitimate Son
During the 2016 election, WorldNetDaily got a bit of mileage by partnering with discredited charalatan filmmaker Joel Gilbert to resurrect the tale of Danney Williams, the purported illegitimate son of Bill Clinton. Williams was so obviously being exploited by Gilbert as part of his politically motivated vendetta against the Clintons that nobody took the claim seriously, just as they did when the claim first surfaced in the 1990s among anti-Clinton activists.
Well, you can't keep a ridiculous, never-proven conspiracy down, so WND is continuing to prove it learned nothing from its recent near-death experience and giving the Williams story another go. An anonymous WND writer claimed in a June 19 article:
On the occasion of Father’s Day, Danney Williams, 32, is still hoping Bill Clinton will take a paternity test that will prove he is the Dad who never acknowledged him.
On Sunday he retweeted several Father’s Day suggestions to Clinton to resolve the paternity issue that has been Williams’ lifelong quest.
Williams made an emotional plea to Clinton intern Monica Lewinsky to turn over her famous blue dress that reportedly contained a sample of the former president’s genetic material. He also pleaded with then-presidential candidate Hillary Clinton to intercede on his behalf.
Needless to say, WND couldn't be bothered to find out if Williams is still mouthing the words Gilbert put in front of him. The article also ignored one inconvenient fact: A DNA test has already been conducted, by a tabloid in 1999 and promoted by the Drudge Report, which found no genetic link.
Instead of feeding its 20-year obsession with destroying the Clintons, WND would be better served -- and prove it's a news operation that deserves to live -- by exposing the expoitation of Williams by right-wing charlatans.
MRC Complains Media Credits Krauthammer For Something Conservatives Used To Be Proud Of
The death of conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer set off all the feels at his ideological buddies at the Media Research Center. So, needless to say, they took things in a weird direction by bashing the media for highlighting something that conservatives used to be proud of.
Nicholas Fondacaro complained in a June 21 post about Washington Post's obituary on Krauthammer:
[T]he paper’s obituary editor, Adam Bernstein found that Krauthammer’s life could be boiled down to his position on the Iraq War. “Charles Krauthammer, a Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post columnist and intellectual provocateur who championed the muscular foreign policy of neoconservatism that helped lay the ideological groundwork for the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq,b died June 21 at 68,” he BEGAN the paper’s remembrance, setting the tone.
"He was festooned with honors by right-leaning groups and sought after by Republican policymakers,” Bernstein continued. “ To the left, Dr. Krauthammer was a bogeyman, most notably on the matter of President George W. Bush’s ‘war on terror’ and the ultimately catastrophic efforts to democratize the Middle East.”
Bernstein tried to place the war dead at Krauthammer’s feet, saying:
The U.S.-led invasion, which Dr. Krauthammer billed at the outset as a “Three Week War,” has dragged on ever since, caused more than 4,000 U.S. deaths and more than 100,000 Iraqi casualties amid a grinding insurgency, and left the United States mired in a failed state with hostile neighbors.
Fondacaro never explained why linking Krauthammer to the Iraq War was a bad thing, let alone inaccurate. Instead, he huffed: "Dr. Charles Krauthammer was a prolific intellectual and he will be missed by many."
The next day, Richard Howell similarly complained that an MSNBC's Brian Williams "was unable to resist laying blame for the Iraq War at the feet of the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer." He further complained:
More accurately, Krauthammer postulated that history might remember the invasion as the “Three Week War” and wrote those words the day after troops had occupied Baghdad after three weeks of invasion. Strangely, Williams felt necessary to point this out, and seemed to lay blame for the conflict on Krauthammer. It's particularly ironic since Williams was removed as NBC Nightly News anchor for falsely reporting on his own experiences in Iraq.
In an otherwise praising obituary, it was jarring to hear Williams shade Krauthammer's views on Iraq. Perhaps the MSNBC host was simply following The Washington Post's lead, which made sure to include Krauthammer's support for the war in the opening sentence of its obituary of him on Thursday.
Like Fondadcaro, Howell didn't explain why it's such a horrible thing to mention Krauthammer's intellectual foundation for the Iraq War. When did the MRC cease being proud of it?
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Contact Cosc
The National Office for the Prevention of Domestic, Sexual and Gender-based Violence.
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What is Elder Abuse?
Worried About Domestic or Sexual Violence? >
Elder Abuse >
Most older people do not experience abuse. But, unfortunately, there are ways in which an older person can be harmed or abused by others. An older person may also experience more than one form of abuse at any given time.
Elder abuse is defined as -
''A single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person or violates their human and civil rights.'' (Protecting our Future, Report of the Working Group on Elder Abuse, September 2002)
65 years of age is taken as the point beyond which abuse may be considered to be elder abuse.
What forms can Elder Abuse take?
There are several forms of abuse, any or all of which may be carried out as the result of deliberate intent, negligence or ignorance.
Physical abuse, including hitting, slapping, pushing, kicking, misuse of medication, restraint or inappropriate sanctions.
Sexual abuse, including rape and sexual assault, or sexual acts to which the older adult has not consented, or could not consent, or into which he or she was compelled to consent.
Psychological abuse, including emotional abuse, threats of harm or abandonment, deprivation of contact, humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, coercion, harassment, verbal abuse, isolation or withdrawal from services or supportive networks.
Financial or material abuse, including theft, fraud, exploitation, pressure in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions, or the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits.
Neglect and acts of omission, including ignoring medical or physical care needs, failure to provide access to appropriate health, social care or educational services, the withholding of the necessities of life such as medication, adequate nutrition and heating.
Discriminatory abuse, including ageism, racism, sexism, that based on a person's disability, and other forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment.
Please see the HSE Elder Abuse Service website for examples of Forms of Elder Abuse and how to Recognise the signs.
How Common is Elder Abuse?
Establishing an accurate baseline of the prevalence of elder abuse is difficult. It is not always appropriate to draw generalisations from results of prevalence surveys due to problems with definitions and with research data and methodology. Most global researchers agree that somewhere in the region of 4-5% of the population of older people are potentially effected by abuse or neglect and that the majority of those affected by abuse are women. International prevalence studies suggest that between 3 and 5% of older people are victims of elder abuse when all types of abuse are considered. The more severe forms of abuse, such as physical and sexual are relatively rare (World Health Organisation 2002).
The first prevalence study of elder abuse for the UK undertaken by researchers from King’s College Institute of Gerontology and Social Care Workforce Research Unit and with the National Centre foe Social Research (NatCen) was published in June 2007. 2,100 older people in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland took part in the survey, between March and September 2006. It included older people aged 66 years and over. It did not include people living in institutions like the NHS or Care Homes, or people with dementia. Overall 2.6% of older people living in the community were found to have experienced mistreatment from a relative, friend or professional carer. This figure indicates that one out of every forty older people visiting their GPs may be a victim. When figures were broadened to include neighbours and acquaintances, the overall prevalence increased from 2.6% to 4.0% of older people over the age of 66 being abused while living in their own home. This equates to about 342,000 people.
Applying the WHO figure of approx. 3 to 5% to Ireland could mean that 12,000 to 21,500 could be victims of elder abuse.
Who might abuse?
A wide range of people may abuse older people, including relatives and family members, professional staff, paid care workers, volunteers, other service users, neighbours, friends and associates.
Where might abuse occur?
Abuse can take place in any context. It may occur when an older person lives alone or with a relative; it may occur within residential or day-care settings, in hospitals, home support services and other places assumed to be safe, or in public places.
Patterns of abuse and abusing vary and reflect different circumstances:
Long-term abuse, in the context of an ongoing family relationship, such as domestic violence or sexual abuse between spouses or generations.
Opportunistic abuse, such as theft occurring because money has been left around.
Situational abuse, which arises because pressures have built up and/or because of the difficult or challenging behaviour of the older person.
Neglect of a person's needs because those around him or her are not able to be responsible for their care; for example if the carer has difficulties because of debt, alcohol or mental health problems.
Unacceptable 'treatments' or 'programmes', which include sanctions or punishment, such as the withholding of food and drink, seclusion, the unnecessary and unauthorised use of control and restraint, or the over, or under, use of medication.
Racist, ageist and other discriminatory practices by staff, including ageism, racism and other discriminatory practices, which may be attributable to the lack of appropriate guidance.
Misappropriation of benefits and/or use of the person's money by other members of the household or by care staff.
Fraud or intimidation in connection with wills, property or other assets
Reasons why Incidents of Elder Abuse go Unreported?
Non-recognition – Victims might not be aware that the abuse is abnormal or wrong
Confusion – Victims attributing feelings about the abuse to dementia etc.
Control – Victims may perceive the event as under their control; perceive abilities to cope with the abuse; or fear that if the abuse is disclosed, someone else will take control of their life.
Rationalisation – Self-blame; "It could have been worse"; Feeling they are getting what they deserve, for example, if they feel they were a bad parent. Elders often feel they have lost control of their lives and are to blame for the abuse.
Shame – Fear of being judged by others
Fear of abandonment/dependency – "If the abuser leaves who will take care of me?"
Fear of being placed in an institution
A belief that the Gardaí or the social services cannot help them
A belief that they cannot prove that the abuse is happening
If you, or somebody you know is experiencing elder abuse visit our Help for older people who are experiencing abuse in the home page
© 2019 Cosc
Local & National Services
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The Double Life: A Survivor’s Guide To Transcend Success and Tragedy
February 2, 2017 Covington Weekly Local Events Comments Off on The Double Life: A Survivor’s Guide To Transcend Success and Tragedy
From humble beginnings in Arkansas during the Depression era and exotic Morocco of his teen years to Oxford University as a young scholar and his eventual settling in New Orleans, David Campbell continuously found himself attracted to the mysterious and the bizarre. The Double Life: A Survivor’s Guide to Transcend Success and Tragedy chronicles Campbell’s eighty-year journey as he lived a double life and how he reconciled himself with his sexual identity, his battle with addiction, and his coming to terms with the nature of God and his place within the universe.
Campbell examines not only the personal details of his life, his family, and relationships, but also the intricacies of life as a gay man and prominent attorney in New Orleans during the 1960s, his entry into the city’s historic preservation movement of the 1980s in which he became the first person to convert a warehouse into a private residence in New Orleans’ Central Business district, and his eventual retreat to the sanctity of a nature preserve in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. Along the way, he reveals the stories behind the stories in the practice of law, the art world, preservation, and conservation, all in the context of living a double life.
The Double Life: A Survivor’s Guide to Transcend Success and Tragedy records the accounts of a man who witnessed the beauty and devastation of life while he captures the spirit of New Orleans during the latter half of the twentieth century. doublelifeneworleans.com
The St. Tammany Parish Library has been serving the citizens of St. Tammany Parish for more than 65 years. (985) 893-6280 sttammanylibrary.org
Follow these topics: Local Events
Covingtondavid campbellLouisianaNew OrleansSt. Tammany ParishSt. Tammany Parish Librarythe double life: a survivor's guide to transcend success and tragedy
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Last updated on: 30 August 2012
Other laws and policies with an impact on responses to HIV
Yes - 1999
Article 140 of the Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan Republic. (introduced 1999)
This is an HIV-specific law.
Both exposure (140.1) and transmission (140.2) are subject to prosecution.
Sentences range from 'Corrective Work up to 2 years' through to 8 years imprisonment.
Infection with HIV of a person.
140.1. Wittingly subjecting of a person in danger of HIV infection – is punished by corrective works of up to two years, or deprivation of freedom for term up to two years, or imprisonment of till one year.
140.2. Infection of another person with HIV committed by a person who knew [himself or herself] to be infected – is punished by imprisonment of two to five years.
140.3. The action provided by article 140.2 of the present Code, resulting in infection with HIV of two or more persons or minors, is punished by imprisonment of five to eight years.
140.4. Infection of another person with HIV resulting from improper performance of the professional duties is punished by imprisonment for up to three years with deprivation of the right to hold certain offices or to engage in certain activities for up to three years.
Our survey respondent (the Ministry of Justice) advises us that the transmission of HIV has been prosecuted under the Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan Republic since 1999. Separate legislation is in place in order to prosecute the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases.
In 2004 our scan revealed that either three or four people have been prosecuted for transmitting HIV in Azerbaijan. According to the Ministry of Justice, the first attempt at prosecution was brought under an old law from 1987 but they were not able to provide us with any further information about that prosecution. However, since the enactment of the new law in 1999, three people have been prosecuted and convicted. The first of these prosections was brought in 2001. One person has been prosecuted and convicted in 2004. The dates of the third prosecution are not known.
No information was available on the gender, mode of transmission or occupation at the time of prosecution of those prosecuted.
In February 2008 what we believe to be the fifth prosecution received press coverage. Two reports from Azerbaijan news agencies highlighted the case of 18-year-old Elnara Ahmadova, who faced sentencing for 'deliberate' HIV transmission. Reports suggest that Elnara was diagnosed five years ago, and is/was a sex worker from an early age. She is accused of deliberately infecting 100 to 200 men.
To read more about Azerbaijan, checkhttp://criminalhivtransmission.blogspot.com/search/label/Azerbaijan
This report is from the Azeri-Press Agency : Court to deliver sentence on case of Elnara Ahmadova accused of deliberately infecting 200 people with HIV in Azerbaijan 05 Feb 2008 17:30
This shorter report is from Trend News Agency : UNICEF Alarmed by Conviction of Azerbaijani AIDS Carrier Girl 05.02.08 18:14
Survey respondents/Organisations working on HIV and the Law:
Ministry of Justice, Baku, Azerbaijan.
This Press Reports above are also viewable at : http://criminalhivtransmission.blogspot.com/search/label/Azerbaijan.
Laws and regulations relating to entry, stay or residence in the country:
There are no restrictions for people living with HIV and AIDS. There are no specific legal regulations concerning people with AIDS.
Neither a medical certificate nor an HIV test result is required when entering the country. However, medical tests are required for those applying for temporary or permanent residence permits. The applications by people with health issues, including HIV and AIDS, are reviewed by the State Migration Service and approved on a case-by-case basis. There are no regulations regarding the control, deportation or expulsion of those concerned.
Antiretroviral medication can be imported for personal use. It is recommended to carry a prescription (translated into English or Russian).
For updated information, please go to: www.hivrestrictions.org
Laws relating to same sex, sexual relations:
Male to Male relationships: Legal
Punishments for male to male relationships: No law
Female to Female Relationships: Legal
Age of consent: Equal for heterosexuals and homosexuals
Marriage and Substitutes for Marriage: No law
For updated information, please go to: http://ilga.org
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Saturday Critter Blogging
Dog fetching sticks from water
Posted by echidne at 2/05/2011 05:20:00 PM
This Is The Pitts. How Anti-Abortion Politicians Victimize Women
The forced-birthers are really clever about asking us to look elsewhere (Planned Parenthood! Nurses don't physically hand-cuff pimps there!) while ignoring the man behind the curtain. That man right now is one Joe Pitts, a Representative from Pennsylvania and a forced-birther of the highest rank. Here is his picture:
Rep. Pitts has proposed some rather far-reaching legislative changes:
A separate piece of legislation, H.R. 358 – the Protect Life Act, sponsored by Rep. Joe Pitts (R) of Pennsylvania – also seeks to bar use of federal funds for abortion under the new health-care law but is less far-reaching than Congressman Smith’s bill. Still, abortion-rights advocates are equally concerned about its provisions. On Wednesday, NARAL Pro-Choice America highlighted a new version of Congressman Pitts’ bill that they said would allow hospitals to refuse to provide an abortion to a pregnant woman even if her life was in danger.
But there is no chance Obama would sign either the Smith bill or the Pitts bill. Still, abortion-rights foes are trying to portray Obama as a hypocrite on the issue of federal subsidies for abortions.
“If President Obama seeks to obstruct these bills, that will provide additional glaring evidence that his professions of opposition to public funding of abortion are phony,” Douglas Johnson, legislative director of the National Right to Life Committee, said last month.
Sure, Obama won't sign those bills. But it's still worth noting that 1. while the Republicans were supposed to fix unemployment (remember?) and perhaps government deficit, we are instead directly taken into the old arguments about whether women are aquaria or not, and 2. this is what a Republican majority in the House means: Stuff about abortion day in and day out for the duration of their reign.
Now that I have gotten that off my chest I'm ready to be a bit more analytical. I couldn't find the bit in H.R. 358 which would allow hospitals to let pregnant women die. Perhaps I'm not smart enough to spot it (unless it's the bit about discrimination) or perhaps the available version is not the most recent one.
But this is what TPM says :
A bit of backstory: currently, all hospitals in America that receive Medicare or Medicaid funding are bound by a 1986 law known as EMTALA to provide emergency care to all comers, regardless of their ability to pay or other factors. Hospitals do not have to provide free care to everyone that arrives at their doorstep under EMTALA -- but they do have to stabilize them and provide them with emergency care without factoring in their ability to pay for it or not. If a hospital can't provide the care a patient needs, it is required to transfer that patient to a hospital that can, and the receiving hospital is required to accept that patient.
In the case of an anti-abortion hospital with a patient requiring an emergency abortion, ETMALA would require that hospital to perform it or transfer the patient to someone who can. (The nature of how that procedure works exactly is up in the air, with the ACLU calling on the federal government to state clearly that unwillingness to perform an abortion doesn't qualify as inability under EMTALA. That argument is ongoing, and the government has yet to weigh in.)
Pitts' new bill would free hospitals from any abortion requirement under EMTALA, meaning that medical providers who aren't willing in terminating pregnancies wouldn't have to -- nor would they have to facilitate a transfer.
The hospital could literally do nothing at all, pro-choice critics of Pitts' bill say.
Given that Catholic hospitals are pretty common in this country, a proposal like that as an actual law could indeed mean that a pregnant woman would be allowed to die even if her life could be saved with an abortion. That Pitt's proposal will not become a law is comforting. But that this is what the forced-birthers advocate is not at all comforting. It tells me that in their eyes women will never be anything more than aquaria for potentially more meaningful life-forms.
The ironic aspect of what's taking place in the public debate about abortion is the way we are told that reproductive choice hurts women. Planned Parenthood clinics don't adequately fight sex trafficking! That sex trafficking is ultimately possible because of the customers to the trade is not part of this discussion, and neither is the fact that the women, girls and boys who are trafficked are victims, not because of reproductive choice, but because they are used in the sex trade.
So we must protect women and girls by de-funding Planned Parenthood clinics! Not by fighting sex-trafficking, mind you, but by making sure that the victims of trafficking cannot get safe abortions or cheap contraceptives or STD checks.
But if Joe Pitts had his way pregnant women could be allowed to die by hospitals who disapprove of abortions. Suddenly the victimization of women matters not a whit!
You can express your disagreement with Pitt's proposal here.
Added later: Jodi Jacobson discusses the new amendment proposals in the comments to this post. It seems that those are not yet included in the version available on the net.
RIP, Maria Schneider (by Suzie)
Never take your clothes off for a middle-aged man who claims that it's art.
-- Maria Schneider, who died yesterday at 58.
Some who write her obituary will get it all wrong, as does Susan King in the LA Times, who calls her
The wildest of wild childs who embraced the sexual revolution with open arms. She was the female lead opposite Marlon Brando in Bernardo Bertolucci's X-rated "Last Tango in Paris." Schneider was so overtly sexual she made Brigitte Bardot look like a nun.
Too often women are assumed to be expressing their own sexuality when men direct them in films or photo shoots. They are celebrating their sexuality, not acting, not doing a job for pay or for the promise of advancement. Read what Schneider said about her life in 2007, when the film was re-released for its 35th anniversary.
People thought I was just like my character and I would make up stories for the press, but that wasn't me.
Italy banned the 1972 movie, and many considered it obscene. Supporters cast opponents, including some feminists, as prudes, an idea that persists today (i.e., if you don't want to see a woman raped on screen, you must be anti-sex.)
Schneider said she hated the notoriety, the men who looked at her like prey. She checked herself into a mental hospital for a while, she had bad relationships, and she abused drugs to escape, including overdosing in a suicide attempt. She continued to act in movies, but never did nude scenes again. In 1980, she met her "angel," who helped her regain her balance. She kept that relationship a secret.
I admire her for surviving trauma to build a good life.
Schneider said she grew up around strong women. Her mother, model Marie-Christine Schneider, and her father, Daniel Gélin, a successful actor, were not married, and he didn't acknowledge her until she was in her teens. She came to Paris at 15 to act. Disgusted with Gélin, Brigitte Bardot let Schneider live with her and got her an agent with William Morris. Schneider had a few jobs before being offered "Last Tango," and her agent told her it would be a great career move.
She was 19 and Brando was 48. He came up with the idea of anal rape; it wasn't in the script that she had seen.
They only told me about it before we had to film the scene and I was so angry. I should have called my agent or had my lawyer come to the set because you can't force someone to do something that isn't in the script, but at the time, I didn't know that.
Marlon said to me: "Maria, don't worry, it's just a movie," but during the scene, even though what Marlon was doing wasn't real, I was crying real tears.
I felt humiliated and to be honest, I felt a little raped, both by Marlon and by Bertolucci. After the scene, Marlon didn't console me or apologise. Thankfully, there was just one take.
Later, she and Brando became friends and remained so until his death. She would say that meeting him was the best part of the experience. Brando also said he felt humiliated and manipulated by Bertolucci. They never spoke to Bertolucci again. In a New Yorker obit, Richard Brody wrote:
Maria Schneider was an extraordinary actress who gave more on-screen than any performer should ever be asked to give, and she never recovered from it; I think that Brando never recovered from it either.
In another obit, Bertolucci said he wished he'd said he was sorry before she died. Ick.
French Culture Minister Frederic Mitterand called Schneider a conduit of "female liberty." Apparently, "Last Tango" liberated women to desire sexual abuse. By the way, Mitterand (and Bertolucci) supported Roman Polanski, whose art turned out to be more important than the rape of a 13-year-old.
Mitterand had his own scandal when he wrote about his days in Thailand: "I got into the habit of paying for boys. All these rituals of the market for youths, the slave market, excite me enormously." He later insisted that he meant young men, not underage boys.
Originally, "Last Tango" was supposed to be about an older man and a younger one, but homosexuality was more worrisome than misogyny.
Schneider has been described as having the face of a child, and Bertolucci said she seemed “like a Lolita, but more perverse.” Damn those beautiful young temptresses! Why must they be so perverse! Roger Ebert recalled "her open-faced lack of experience contradicting her incongruously full breasts." Apparently, you gain breasts through experience.
I was too young to see the movie when it was released and have no interest in watching it. But IMDB describes what happens after Paul (Brando) meets Jeanne (Schneider) in an empty apartment.
Brutally, without a word, he rapes the soon-complaint stranger. It should have been hit-and-run sex, but Paul stays at the scene of the erotic accident. While arranging his wife's funeral, Paul leases the apartment where [he's] to meet the puzzled girl for a series of frenzied afternoons. "No names here," he roughly tells her, setting up the rules of the game. They are to shut out the world outside, forfeit their pasts and their identities. Paul degrades Jeanne in every possible way, leveling all her inhibitions into sheer brutality. Paul is soon dissatisfied with mere possession of her body; he must also have her mind. When she rejects his mad love to enter a comfortable marriage with her dull fiancé, Paul finally confesses: "I love you, you dummy."
Here's the good news: After he chases her back to her apartment, she shoots and kills him. Here's the bad news: She then rehearses her false rape claim for police.
The audience ends up knowing far less about Jeanne than Paul, with whom we are expected to sympathize. Here's what movie critic Roger Ebert wrote in 1972:
Paul has somehow been so brutalized by life that there are only a few ways he can still feel.
Sex is one of them, but only if it is debased and depraved -- because he is so filled with guilt and self-hate that he chooses these most intimate of activities to hurt himself beyond all possibilities of mere thoughts and words. It is said in some quarters that the sex in the movie is debasing to the girl, but I don't think it is. She's almost a bystander, a witness at the scene of the accident. She hasn't suffered enough, experienced enough, to more than dimly guess at what Paul is doing to himself with her. But Paul knows, and so does Bertolucci; only an idiot would criticize this movie because the girl is so often naked but Paul never is. That's their relationship.
It irritates me when male critics assume everyone identifies with male protagonists because they do, or they write as if the characters were real, instead of the fantasies of male filmmakers.
We've seen the male fantasies in "Last Tango" in other movies and lots of porn: A girl asks for it, not with words, but with her appearance. / A slutty girl gets what she deserves. / Who knows what women want? / Some women want aggressive, "masculine" men to force them to have sex, and they'll end up enjoying it and wanting more. / If a woman doesn't fight back, protest verbally or say no, she can't consider the experience rape. / A man is under no obligation to check with her first or consider her pleasure. / Once a woman agrees to sex, she is fair game for whatever the man wants to do. / Women cry rape, even when they really enjoyed the sex.
There's no need to lecture me on female fantasies or domination and submission. There was no initial consent, and no safety for the sub. If you ever read what Schneider said, and you still get off on the movie, then you're getting off on seeing a real woman being violated.
Posted by Suzie at 2/04/2011 04:21:00 PM
A Question For The Day
Why send speaking heads abroad to discuss events if those speaking heads have no idea about the culture and don't know the language? What is the value we are supposed to be receiving from such an endeavor?
President Obama spoke at the National Prayer Breakfast. You should really learn more about that particular institution. I recommend Jeff Sharlet's book on the topic.
And what does the president pray for?
“I petition God for a whole range of things” he said, but cited three recurring themes. “The first category of prayer comes out of the urgency of the Old Testament prophets and the Gospel itself. I pray for my ability to help those who are struggling,” he said.
A second theme “is a prayer for humility,” he said. And, to audience laughter and applause he added, “God answered this prayer for me early on by having me marry Michelle, because whether it's reminding me of a chore undone or questioning the wisdom of watching my third football game in a row on Sunday, she keeps me humble.”
The final theme to his prayers, the president said, “one that binds all prayers together, is that I might walk closer with God and make that walk my first and most important task.” In expanding on that theme, he said, “When I wake in the morning, I wait on the Lord, and I ask Him to give me the strength to do right by our country and its people. And when I go to bed at night, I wait on the Lord, and I ask Him to forgive me my sins and look after my family and the American people and make me an instrument of His will.”
Old Testament prophets, the Lord, "He" and so on. Wife as a humility-giver about chores and football games. Sounds pretty much what George W. Bush would have said.
Now, this post is why I will never be a mainstream goddess.
Images vs. Words
This is a musing post, not linked to any one particular current topic, yet linked to all of them. I was watching a Chris Hedges video (on the death of the liberal class in the US)in which he stated that we are moving from the era of written words to the era of images, with consequences which are not always obvious. For instance, images are much better at provoking emotions than words and analysis.
My guess is that he is right in that. Think back to the coverage of the Vietnam war (or even WWII). It is the few iconic images we remember easily: the raising of the flag, the naked, hurt girl running, the My Lai executions. Yet all these are single images, images of a single event which may or may not be representative of all that took place.
There is something about images that provokes emotions. But there is also something about images that might get past our analytical and critical defenses, that might brand us directly in a way which later arguments cannot affect. Whether this is so I don't know.
But I do know that fighting an image with words doesn't seem to work, even though it is only in the analysis stage that we can truly look at the evidence, truly compare it, truly understand how common something is, how something came about.
Maybe this is because analysis, to be of any worth, must be boring, long and detailed? Maybe this is because analysis, when done correctly, tries to avoid that premature emotional branding? Emotions are not absent in it, but they should not drive the analysis to rapid conclusions.
Now combine images with short sound-bites (such as on Fox News) and you can see why it just might be the case that our public debates are deteriorating partly because of the impact of images? We are taking short-cuts the conclusions, carried by that emotional significance?
Heh. I just scanned through this post and realized that I was doing exactly the wrong thing. I should find a picture of Echidne staring quietly into the distance where weird creatures wearing bankster hats stomp on masses of the suffering and patriarchs prepare cages for their wimminfolk.
But even in feminism it is those short sound-bites and internal images which sometimes carry the day: Bra-burning and hairy armpits, Birkenstocks and ugly women.
PETA And the Pimps
I couldn't avoid that title after writing about the Planned Parenthood case below. Because that's what PETA often does in its ads: Pimps women's bodies.
It's such an odd combination! On the one hand PETA wants to liberate all other animals, but on the other hand they are perfectly fine with the objectification of women if that serves their goal. I've been trying to understand what kind of an ethical set of values leads them to do that. Would they be perfectly fine if only bitches were mistreated in laboratories as long as male dogs were let go?
If you think I have lost my marbles there, well, you are not alone. But PETA's message is really the reverse of that one: Do what you will to human females as long as the rest of animal kingdom (queendom?) is saved.
And no, adding one guy in boring underwear does not make the objectification equal. Or put in another way, the outtakes are about women pleasuring vegetables, not about men pleasuring vegetables. They take off from the view that women are the workers in the sex market and then use that as a joke. If I don't get the joke I'm a humorless feminazi.
Well, I do get the joke. It would just be a lot better if it was men kissing those melon breasts and putting peas in their belly buttons. That would be more hilarious because it would be a double-reversal!
And More on Pimps and Planned Parenthood.
I quote from the Nation:
The problem is that, while you might want to laugh off Rose and her fake pimp as just a couple of creepy video pranksters, this latest stunt is prompting a conservative pile-on that could have serious legislative impact. If wackos are leading the charge, unfortunately, some of them of them have seats in Congress.
Rep. Michele Bachmann linked to the Live Action video on her Facebook page on Tuesday, noting that “I am introducing a bill that would prohibit Planned Parenthood from receiving any future federal money directly or indirectly...You must see this undercover video. This is horrifying!"
She’s not being abstract. Her colleague, Rep. Mike Pence, recently introduced legislation that would deny federal dollars to Planned Parenthood and other organizations that receive family funds and also provide abortion. The Pence bill, which has 154 sponsors, has seen no action since it was introduced almost a month ago. But, yesterday, after the Live Action video came out, an anti-choice coalition launched a website pushing it forward. The release of the video has prompted Pence to call for immediate action [3] on the bill. And now sources say it looks as though the amendment may be brought to a vote within the next two weeks.
You would think that the political action would be all about how to stop sex trafficking! After all, that's what the video is supposedly about: sex trafficking and pimping. Well, an alien from outer space (Hi, Al!) would think so.
We know better. This is not about sex trafficking. It is about actual access to abortion and also about cheap access to contraceptives and gyno check-ups. Ultimately it is about who controls fertility. Honest.
Pimps And Planned Parenthood of New Jersey
This is like that Acorn story, where a conservative filmmaker went around trying to catch Acorn employees doing something that is against the law. It worked so well (Acorn is dead) that the same tactic is used against Planned Parenthood clinics.
Some background from January:
In the course of five days this month, eight Planned Parenthood clinics in five states and D.C. reported getting the same visit: A man said he needed treatment for a sexually transmitted disease and then, once alone with a staff member, implied that he ran an interstate sex trafficking ring that involves minors and illegal immigrants.
The Planned Parenthood Federation of America thinks that the visits, which happened between Jan. 11 and 15, are part of a James O'Keefe-style "sting." But the group called in the FBI anyway.
"These multi-state visits from men claiming to be engaged in sex trafficking of minors may be a hoax," Cecile Richards, president of Planned Parenthood, wrote in a letter to Attorney General Eric Holder last week. "However, if the representations made by this man are true," she wrote, they indicate violations of several sex trafficking, prostitution and child sex laws.
I have been told that the number of clinics contacted was at least twelve. In one of those twelve the people posing as a pimp and a prostitute hit gold:
The man and woman walked into the Planned Parenthood clinic in Perth Amboy sounding like the operators of a child sex ring looking for help with their business.
They told the manager they would bring in girls as young as 14 for tests, birth control and abortion referrals and wanted to know what kind of questions to expect from clinic employees.
The manager was helpful. She coached them to lie about the age of the girls’ sex partners. "If they are a minor, we are obligated if we hear certain information, to kind of report (it)," the manager said. "So as long as they just lie and say, ‘Oh, he’s 15, 16,’ ’’ no one should question them.
But the man and woman were actually members of Live Action, a California-based anti-abortion group that targeted Planned Parenthood clinics in five states and Washington, D.C., last month. The scenes were videotaped and posted on YouTube, and Tuesday created a national uproar.
Tuesday night, Central Jersey Planned Parenthood fired the manager, identified in the video as Amy Woodruff, and beefed up security around its clinics.
You can watch the (supposedly) unedited video here. In it the office manager pretty clearly stated that what she proposed would not pass muster at the clinic in general. Whatever her motives may have been, her opinions were not those of the Planned Parenthood Clinic at which she worked.
The video was not created in order to protect girls and women who are trafficked but in order to kill general access to abortions (the way Acorn was killed). It's important to keep that in mind. Combating trafficking requires -- well --- combating trafficking, not making birth control and STD tests too expensive for most poor women to afford. And that is what the death of subsidized clinics would mean.
This is not a fun post to write both because the office manager acted like an asshat and because the mean Echidne rears her head and keeps proposing a guerrilla group of people from our side going after all the conservative organizations and getting their employees say really bad things which can then be put on YouTube as final and decisive evidence of something or other. It's so easy to slide past all the evidence which points in the other direction as long as you have the footage! Never mind that the phishing expedition went on quite a while, never mind that the FBI was contacted. I guess that's why I want to turn the tables.
Today's Hilarious Right-Wing Anti-Feminist
Via Atrios, you have the pleasure of meeting Dennis Prager:
The most common left-wing objection to the right is that it wants to control others' lives. But, both in America and elsewhere, the threat to personal liberty has emanated far more from the left.
Honest discussion of male-female differences is also largely gone -- a lesson the former president of Harvard Larry Summers painfully learned when he simply asked if fewer women succeed in math and science because of innate differences between men and women.
The left owns the language. Married women are not to be referred to as "Mrs." but as "Ms." And the words "lady," "feminine" and "masculine" have largely gone to their graves.
Back to leftist controls on speech: One can only speak of male-female differences if the difference shows the female as superior. Thus to say women are innately more intuitive is perfectly acceptable, but to say men are innately more likely to excel at math is "sexist."
A woman may reveal as much of her body as she wishes. But if a man is perceived by a woman as looking too long at what she reveals, or if he comments on what she reveals, he may be fired from his job and/or sued for "sexual harassment." A woman may wear a miniskirt and crop-top, but a man may not have a calendar of women wearing miniskirts and crop-tops on his desk at work. That constitutes sexual harassment and a "hostile work environment."
Mr. Prager also hates most other groups which don't consist of white heterosexual Christian men.
I quoted the beginning of his article (farticle?) because he sees all these changes as a threat to his personal liberty to own definitions. Yet all those discussions do go on, don't they? About whether girls can do math and so on. We even allow silly people to argue that differences are innate when there's no way of knowing if they are!
No, what he requires for HIS personal freedom is that nobody talks back to him or argues with him or suggests that his ideas might be wrong. It's a property-rights kind of thing. His interpretation should be the rule.
Likewise, his idea of his personal freedom includes his right to women's bodies. Note how he wishes to ogle and comment and to present his own collection of women's bodies. It is he who should determine whether women are called Mrs., Miss or Ms., and if someone dresses "provocatively" in his presence (a very unlikely event in the usual office), he should have the right to be provoked without any consequences. Or women should cover up.
And no, Dennis. Women are not more intuitive than men for some weird essentialist reasons. I can say that! Wow. Perhaps I can offer a new abbreviation that will be used only for married men so that we know if they are taken. Mrd?
Spying on the UN (by Suzie)
How many of you think Hillary Clinton ordered U.S. diplomats to spy on their colleagues in the United Nations? She must have done so -- an Internet search turns up many hits blasting her for this, as well as some sexist videos. The accusation stems from the leak of diplomatic cables, and Julian Assange called for her resignation.
Back in November, Marc Ambinder of the Atlantic explained how thousands of cables go out each year under the name of the Secretary of State, and the person holding that position can't read them all. This one came from the CIA. The Guardian called it an annual "intelligence shopping list." Former diplomats say diplomats generally ignore this wish list, the LA Times reported.
As I commented on Echidne's post Monday about the lack of women editing Wikipedia, I often use it. Today, I found the entry confusing, but I did snag my sources from it. I corrected the link to the LA Times story, and that bit of editing took less time than tracking down the correct link. It reminded me how easy Wikipedia can be to edit, at least for smaller tasks, and I hope other women will learn the basics so that they can correct stuff when they have the time.
In another matter related to Hillary, I just came upon this piece by Madeleine Bunting in the Guardian:
She is the most powerful politician to advance an explicitly feminist agenda. ... From the start Clinton left no one in any doubt where she stood: women's rights are "the signature issue" of this administration's foreign policy, she said. She mentioned women 450 times in speeches in the first five months in office. "Transformation of the role of women is the last great impediment to universal progress," she declared, and began to develop what is her standard line: women's issues are integral to the achievement of every goal of US foreign policy.
That means something in the world of men.
Posted by Suzie at 2/02/2011 12:01:00 AM
Too Much Snow To Blog
Shoveling time. The oil truck couldn't deliver because of the snow. The path to the tank is not used for anything else and shoveling it was a low priority, especially as a snow blower had already been ordered. But it can't be delivered because of the weather.
The general problem with shoveling right now is not the new snow but the old snow. If the sides of the paths and the driveway are already above my waist it's hard to know where to put the new snow. And the Wife of Winter keeps dancing and dancing.
What is the connection of this and the Australian cyclones and the weather in India to climate change? I would think that even the most skeptical individuals might start to wonder. Too much to hope and too much snow.
Individual Mandate in the HCR. Again.
One judge has declared the individual mandate (the requirement that everyone has health insurance under the HCR) unconstitutional. I found this editorial in the Christian Science Monitor interesting because of its adoption of the right-wing-created term "Obamacare." But of course Christian Scientists wouldn't like the individual mandate:
But a more realistic scenario for the use of the mandate – assuming the Supreme Court upholds it – is that Congress will eventually want to further control the health decisions of Americans by coercing them to take part in various types of preventative medicine as prescribed by government.
This would violate the freedom to choose one’s own health care, whether it is traditional medicine or alternative means of healing, such as prayer. As Judge Vinson said of the mandate, this is a “bridge too far.”
Even Mr. Obama at one time, during his 2008 presidential campaign, argued against the mandate: “If a mandate was the solution, we can try that to solve homelessness by mandating everybody to buy a house.”
I have been scolded in the past for writing on the individual mandate from an economist's angle, and perhaps I shouldn't go there again.
But there is a reason for that mandate, whatever its ethical and other aspects are, and it is what would happen in the absence of such a mandate if health insurers no longer could deny people coverage on the basis of a pre-existing condition:
Some percentage of individuals would not buy insurance until they got sick, especially those who are young and healthy. It makes financial sense to wait until one really needs it, and there would be some individuals and families who would think exactly like that. The consequences of this would be an insurance system which would get more expensive for those who do have insurance, because the sum of the premia would decrease compared to the reimbursement levels.
That, in turn, would raise the premia. Higher premia would make more people consider the option of waiting until they really need insurance, and so on. This possibility, taken to its logical extreme, could even destroy the whole private insurance market.
That logical extreme is unlikely to happen because the insurance markets have large group plans through employers and most people would buy insurance in any case. But the individual mandate is not part of the HCR just to make the deal sweeter for the insurance industry by offering it many low-risk customers (though that is naturally one of its functions).
It's there because a private insurance system in something like health care will not function without lots of rules of that type and without lots and lots of regulatory help. As an example of that help, the government funded Medicare and Medicaid systems already remove most of the very high-risk customers (especially the elderly) from the market, and Medicaid subsidizes one group of the poor. If I had to write a one-sentence post on financing health care it would consist of this:
A. Private. Insurance. Industry. Is. A. Poor. Fit.
The reasons for that poor fit are so many that they require a book to cover. But you can get some of them by thinking about what an insurable event would look like (a sudden fire in your house, not caused by you, your car getting stolen even though you carefully locked it and had burglar alarms installed) and then by comparing that to the way people need health care, partly in a predictable manner, partly not, and how the need for health care rises with age and in chronic illness.
My view is that the HCR went wrong when it insisted on sticking with the insurance model, even if the political reasons for that can be understood. Once it did that, however, most everything else that happened was a logical consequence of that initial decision, including the individual mandate.
Alternatives to that model exist all over the place. Indeed, almost all other industrialized countries have something different. But that "something different" is seen as communism here. So we are stuck.
Added later: As an example of weird coincidences, I came across this interview with Mark Pauly, a health economist who has almost the opposite view of the individual mandate. He regards it as the way to avoid those other solutions! To keep the insurance market, that is.
Ironing As A Lost Female Skill
Jennifer Armstrong sent me a link to this story. Then I saw it discussed in other places! It's a hilarious one, though of course it's also meant as a click-magnet:
BASIC "female" skills are becoming endangered with fewer young women able to iron a shirt, cook a roast chicken or hem a skirt.
Just as more modern men are unable to complete traditional male tasks, new research shows Generation Y women can't do the chores their mothers and grandmothers did daily, reported The Courier-Mail.
Only 51 per cent of women aged under 30 can cook a roast compared with 82 per cent of baby boomers.
Baking lamingtons is a dying art with 20 per cent of Gen Y capable of whipping up the Aussie classic, down from 45 per cent for previous generations.
Social researcher Mark McCrindle said: "Women of today tend to be busier, juggling more roles, and are quite prepared to compromise a bit of the homemade just to save some time.
In one sense this is one of those "get off my lawn" pieces where the older generation bemoans the deterioration in the younger generation. I once saw a piece like that from the era of the Roman empire.
But in other ways this is an oddly essentialist article, lamenting the possible death of sex-typed chores at home. Women don't know how to iron anymore! Men can't fix the car! Never mind that ironing is not needed with most modern fibers and that computerized cars lend themselves poorly to home remedies. And the assumption is that women do the cooking at home, even if they also go out to work.
Then there's the juxtaposition of changing a tire with cooking and ironing. The former is a chore which is needed very rarely. Eating, on the other hand, tends to take place daily. This juxtaposition is a very common one, and it continues later in the article where "taking out the trash" is seen as a typical male chore, even though that happens only once a week. Though now women do it, too!
On the deepest level the piece is about lost gender roles. Perhaps we could return to a world where women know how to sew a hem on a skirt and then get order and peace back into the world! Except that I have all those lost female skills to a very high level. Heh.
Wikipedia's Absent Women
You may have read this NYT story today:
In 10 short years, Wikipedia has accomplished some remarkable goals. More than 3.5 million articles in English? Done. More than 250 languages? Sure.
But another number has proved to be an intractable obstacle for the online encyclopedia: surveys suggest that less than 15 percent of its hundreds of thousands of contributors are women.
About a year ago, the Wikimedia Foundation, the organization that runs Wikipedia, collaborated on a study of Wikipedia’s contributor base and discovered that it was barely 13 percent women; the average age of a contributor was in the mid-20s, according to the study by a joint center of the United Nations University and Maastricht University.
Sue Gardner, the executive director of the foundation, has set a goal to raise the share of female contributors to 25 percent by 2015, but she is running up against the traditions of the computer world and an obsessive fact-loving realm that is dominated by men and, some say, uncomfortable for women.
As the article points out, that percentage is not terribly different from the percentage of contributors to Op-Eds and the like who are women. The overall reasons for that are not something I wish to write about here (I have done that earlier and will do again). What I want to talk about is this idea:
The notion that a collaborative, written project open to all is so skewed to men may be surprising. After all, there is no male-dominated executive team favoring men over women, as there can be in the corporate world; Wikipedia is not a software project, but more a writing experiment — an “exquisite corpse,” or game where each player adds to a larger work.
But because of its early contributors Wikipedia shares many characteristics with the hard-driving hacker crowd, says Joseph Reagle, a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. This includes an ideology that resists any efforts to impose rules or even goals like diversity, as well as a culture that may discourage women.
“It is ironic,” he said, “because I like these things — freedom, openness, egalitarian ideas — but I think to some extent they are compounding and hiding problems you might find in the real world.”
Adopting openness means being “open to very difficult, high-conflict people, even misogynists,” he said, “so you have to have a huge argument about whether there is the problem.” Mr. Reagle is also the author of “Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia.”
Emphasis is mine. My experience on the Internets is that women indeed do get more flack. If you don't believe me, pick a handle that is clearly female and use it consistently for a month or so to comment in all sorts of places. Then check the results.
But I do love that beautiful academic definition of openness towards misogynists! I wonder if they are equally open towards racists?
What is going on at Wikipedia is most likely two things: First, there is the first-mover advantage. Those who arrived early settled in, got power and influence and now regard the place as their home. Those who come later must "earn" their place in the community. This is something that can be observed in many different places on the Internet, and it is mostly due to the fact that people work in groups, even in cyberspace. The group of home-boyz can keep individuals out fairly easily by making it very unpleasant to try to enter.
Second, there's a misunderstanding that a chaotically open setting necessarily leads to democracy. What goes on in non-moderated comments threads all over the mainstream media tells you that the outcome of that chaos is not some sort of a fair and egalitarian process. It can be a warped and horrible caricature of free speech, with "astro-turfed" attack groups taking over a controversial topic, or it can become a place where few "regular" commentators swim about, making sure that nobody else can comment without being viciously attacked. In general, too, the most extreme individuals stay and end up ruling the place. That is one reason why so many of the early "feminist" chat sites were killed. One fairly conservative site was totally taken over by misogynists, for instance. (Note that none of this is about the wonderful comments threads of my blog!)
A better parable for what goes on in some non-moderated sites on the net is one of a public square where groups of young men hang out, passing the bottle and glaring at by-passers from under their brows. So come on in, feminists, and debate! We shall see who can yell the loudest.
This is not intended as a full explanation for the scarcity of women as Wikipedia's editors, but it IS one reason, especially when it comes to topics on which the MRAs (who are already among the editors) feel strongly.
Take this article as an example: It's about gendercide, the killing of individuals of one gender because of their gender. The article begins with a quote:
By analogy, gendercide would be the deliberate extermination of persons of a particular sex (or gender). Other terms, such as "gynocide" and "femicide," have been used to refer to the wrongful killing of girls and women. But "gendercide" is a sex-neutral term, in that the victims may be either male or female. There is a need for such a sex-neutral term, since sexually discriminatory killing is just as wrong when the victims happen to be male. The term also calls attention to the fact that gender roles have often had lethal consequences, and that these are in important respects analogous to the lethal consequences of racial, religious, and class prejudice.
Thus, we move almost directly to the killing of boys and men because they are boys and men, and, indeed, the next section of the article is androcide. I quote:
Androcide is the systematic killing of men for various reasons, usually cultural. Androcide may happen during war to reduce an enemy's potential pool of soldiers.
Androcide as a common practice continued in ancient times. Mythological accounts of the Greek takeover of Miletus in circa 9th century BCE have the legendary son of Poseidon leading a massacre of the men of Miletus and settling the city in the Milesian men's stead.[2]
Biblical androides include the Massacre of the Innocents recounted in the Book of Matthew although many modern scholars consider that this may be apocryphal [3], and the avenging of Dinah.
I quote in such length to point out that we are now half-way down the article, have so far been given only mythical evidence of androcide and an expanded definition of androcide which reaches well past the idea that gender itself is a cause in these killings.
Only now does the article provide any evidence of "androcide":
Pakistan targeted male intellectuals for extermination in the erstwhile province of East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh) during the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities.[4] Pol Pot executed many men in Cambodia, resulting in a large percentage of Cambodia's population afterwards being women.[5] During the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots men were targeted overwhelmingly on account of them being breadwinners of the family.[5] More recent examples include the 1988 Anfal campaign against Kurdish men and boys[6][7] in Iraq and the Srebrenica massacre of Bosniak men and boys on July 12, 1995.[8][9]
After all this we get six lines on femicide, the killing of women or girls because of their gender.
There is so much wrong with this article. The focus of the piece is on the killing of men, whatever the reason for that might be (that they were intellectuals, breadwinners, frightening opponents) and the actual killing of people for nothing BUT their sex is given six lines.
Yet imagine trying to fix this article! Clearly someone has written it with the slant on purpose, and clearly that someone would not simply let the article be changed.
Why do mothers kill their kids? (by Suzie)
Probably not because the kids are "mouthy." I'm referring to the case a few miles from me in Tampa, in which Julie Powers Schenecker is accused of shooting her daughter, 16, and son, 13, on Thursday.
The next morning, Schenecker's mother called police, worried that her daughter was depressed. Police found Schenecker on her back porch, covered in blood. Inside, they saw no signs of struggle. They said she had shot her son in the head in her car, and then went inside and shot her daughter in the face. On Friday, after being booked, she was taken from jail to the intensive care unit of a hospital. The AP reports:
As police led Julie Schenecker to a patrol car Friday, she shook uncontrollably, her eyes wide and wild.
Police would say only that she was treated for a condition she had before the shooting. Afterward, she returned to the jail infirmary. She is expected in court today.
When police first interviewed her, she said her teens were mouthy, talked back, etc. The media has seized on this in headlines and ledes (generally the first paragraph of a story). For example, the Today headline reads: "She killed her teenagers because they talked back". The AP says:
The woman who authorities say killed her teenage daughter and son because she was fed up with them talking back and being mouthy will not appear in court Saturday because she's being treated at a hospital for an unknown condition.
Authorities didn't say she killed them because X and Y. Authorities said she told them that that's why she killed her children. There's an important difference, especially when reporters have seen her in an altered mental state and have good reason to suspect mental illness.
Schenecker also told police that she had planned to kill herself, too, but that shows up in fewer stories. Here's a better-written story from the Tampa Tribune, my former employer. Another story notes that it's rare for parents to kill children older than 1. "In most cases, it involves a father or stepfather lashing out in a fit of rage or frustration." Kathleen Heide, a professor of criminology at the University of South Florida, says mothers who kill older children "usually have a major depression with psychosis," and they plan to kill themselves afterward.
This is a sign of overwhelming despair.
Schenecker was a stay-at-home mother, and her husband is a colonel who was in the Middle East. They had met when both were in U.S. Army Intelligence. The family had moved around, but settled in Tampa in 2008. The father was frequently deployed overseas. Family friends had considered Schenecker a loving and devoted mother.
From Gawker:
She'd written an email to her mother the week before, complaining of depression and trouble with the kids. She was nonetheless able to purchase a gun that same week ...
This isn't the first time this year someone who shouldn't have been in possession of a firearm was able to obtain one without any trouble. But please, don't politicize this tragedy, which has nothing to do with how absurdly easy it is for people to purchase guns in this country, or the frustratingly small number of people with serious depression or other mental illness who receive appropriate or adequate treatment. No, it's an isolated tragedy, just like all the rest of them are.
This Is The Pitts. How Anti-Abortion Politicians ...
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Comments on the Statistical Disclosure Control Report
by Srinivs Kodali and Amber Sinha — published May 02, 2017 — last modified Mar 13, 2019 12:28 AM — filed under: Call for Comments, Digital Access, Open Data, Open Government Data, Data Protection, Data Governance, Aadhaar, Digitisation, Information Security, Openness, Internet Governance, Data Management
This submission presents comments by the Centre for Internet and Society, India (“CIS”) on the Statistical Disclosure Control Report published on March 30th by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
Located in Internet Governance
Meeting on Proactive Disclosure and Personal Data (Delhi, May 13, 5:30 pm)
by Sumandro Chattapadhyay — published May 13, 2017 — last modified May 13, 2017 04:32 AM — filed under: Privacy, Open Data, Open Government Data, Internet Governance, Public Accountability
CIS is organising an informal discussion on topics related to proactive disclosure and personal data thrown up by the recently published report by Amber Sinha and Srinivas Kodali titled "Information Security Practices of Aadhaar (or lack thereof)". Please join us at 5:30 pm today, May 13, at the CIS office.
Located in Internet Governance / Events
International Open Data Charter, Consultation Meeting, Delhi, July 09, 5:30 pm
by Sumandro Chattapadhyay — published Jul 07, 2015 — last modified Jul 07, 2015 12:12 PM — filed under: Open Data, Open Government Data, International Open Data Charter, Openness
Located in Openness
SoI’s Open Series Maps Fails to Implement Public Sharing of Govt Data
by Sumandro Chattapadhyay — published May 04, 2017 — filed under: Open Data, Open Government Data, Geospatial Data, Openness
Although it has made the topographic maps or the Open Series Maps available to general public, Survey of India’s (SoI) Nakshe portal will have to go through a variety of litmus test, as the initiative fails to implement the mandates of public sharing of government data using open standards and open license as put forward by the NMP 2005 and NDSAP 2012, says Sumandro Chattapadhyay, Research Director, The Centre for Internet and Society. This interview was published by Geospatial World on May 02, 2017.
Google, Apple and Microsoft may need licence for satellite mapping in India
by Prasad Krishna — published May 10, 2016 — filed under: Open Standards, Open Data, Open Government Data, Openness
Cold response from MNCs like Google to India's security concerns is seen as a prime reason for the proposed legislation to regulate mapping of the country, a move that critics call "return of the Licence Raj" and "digital nationalism".
Located in Openness / News & Media
Legal Challenges to Mapping in India #1 - Laws, Policies, and Cases
by Adya Garg — published May 11, 2016 — last modified May 11, 2016 01:43 PM — filed under: Geospatial Information Regulation Bill, Open Data, Open Government Data, Geospatial Data, Openness
Responding to the draft Geospatial Information Regulation Bill and the draft National Geospatial Policy made public recently, this post provides an overview of the present configuration of laws, policies, and guidelines that provides the legal framework in India for governance of creation and sharing of geospatial data in India. The post also studies these policies in action by describing the key legal cases around the creation and use of geospatial data. The next post of this series will document the reflections and opinions of the key geospatial industry actors in India, as well as the free and open source mapping community.
Monitoring Sustainable Development Goals in India: Availability and Openness of Data (Part I)
by Kiran AB — published Feb 22, 2016 — last modified Jan 02, 2017 02:12 PM — filed under: Open Data, Open Government Data, Data Revolution, Openness, Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an internationally agreed upon set of developmental targets to be achieved by 2030. There are 17 SDGs with 169 targets, and each target is mapped to one or more indicators as a measure of evaluation. In this and the next blog post, Kiran AB is documenting the availability and openness of data sets in India that are relevant for monitoring the targets under the SDGs. This post offers the findings for the first 7 Goals, while the next post will cover the last 10.
Steps towards Integrated Open Water Data
by Sumandro Chattapadhyay — published Nov 02, 2017 — last modified Nov 02, 2017 09:58 AM — filed under: Open Water Data, Open Data, Open Government Data, Environment, Openness
Multiplicity of data collection agencies, formats, and disclosure practices and conditionalities make it very difficult to access interoperable and open data about water resources and systems in India. Barriers to accessing water data impede not only academic and applied research on related topics but also public consumption of information and critical decision making. DataMeet and CIS are proud to collaborate on identifying and addressing the challenges to open up and integrate data and information in the water sector. Supported by a generous grant from Arghyam, we are undertaking an initial study of open water data resources in India and taking first steps towards developing a Free and Open Source data portal for water resources information in India. Here is an initial note about the project. The key leaders and contributors of this project are Craig Dsouza, Namita Bhatawdekar, Riddhi Munde, and Jinda Sandbhor, all of whom are members of the Pune Chapter of DataMeet.
Protecting the Territory, Killing the Map
by Sumandro Chattapadhyay — published May 17, 2016 — filed under: Geospatial Information Regulation Bill, Open Data, Open Government Data, Geospatial Data, Openness
The politics of making and using maps in India has taken a sudden and complex turn with the publication of the draft Geospatial Information Regulation Bill, 2016. Contrary to the expectations arising out of several government schemes that are promoting the development of the new digital economy in India – from start-ups to the ongoing expansion of connectivity network – the Bill seems to be undoing various economic and humanitarian efforts, and other opportunities involving maps. This article by Sumandro Chattapadhyay and Adya Garg was published by The Wire on May 16, 2016.
Survey of Estimates of Economic Value of Open Government Data
by Ömer Faruk Sarı — published Aug 22, 2015 — last modified Aug 22, 2015 08:42 AM — filed under: Open Government Data, Digital Economy, Open Data, Economics, Openness
This is a survey of estimates of economic value of open government data, and public sector information in general, across regions, countries, and sectors offered by several reports published during the last decade. The survey is undertaken by Ömer Faruk Sarı, a student of Business Administration at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey, and research intern with CIS.
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Chase & Status unleash 'Retreat2018' & Heater'
Chase & Status are back with some heat for their fans. Hailing from London, the electronic duo is best known for their efforts in the realm of drum and bass, dubstep, breakbeat, and hip-hop. Now, they release two tracks from their upcoming fifth studio album, RTRN II JUNGLE, slated to be released next year.
The first song is titled “Retreat2018” and features Cutty Ranks. Fitting to the name, the record will have listeners turning up and taking over the dance floor for almost five minutes straight. The second, “Heater,” features General Levy. It’s three minutes of upbeat, positive energy mixed with some jungle mayhem.
The duo’s new project is described as a cultural movement “to bring the classic, infinitely influential sound of jungle to new audiences and revamping it for 2018.” In addition, they will be embarking on a mini-tour to promote the new project, with stops in Liverpool, Bristol, London, Manchester, and more.
Nick Catchdubs sees Anna Lunoe's 'Blaze of Glory' in a rose-colored viewfinder on new remix
Mariah Carey samples Porter Robinson's 'Goodbye to a World' on latest single
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NA Approves Demands for Grants Relating to Various Divisions
ISLAMABAD, June 27, 2019: The National Assembly approved Demands for Grants on Thursday for fiscal year 2019-20 mainly related to Interior, Defence, Law and Justice, Power and Petroleum divisions, says Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) in its Daily Factsheet.
Following are key observations of the proceedings during 14th sitting of the 11th NA session:
The House met for seven hours and 43 minutes; however, the proceedings remained suspended for an hour and 33 minutes due to prayer and lunch break.
The Speaker presided over the sitting for three hours and 28 minutes while the rest of the proceedings was chaired by the Deputy Speaker.
The Leader of the Opposition attended the sitting for an hour and 53 minutes.
A total of 73 lawmakers (21%) were present at the outset and 114 (33%) at the adjournment of the sitting.
The parliamentary leaders of MMAP, PML-N, PPPP, JWP, BAP, GDA, AMLP, BNP, MQM and PML attended the sitting.
The House approved Demands for Grants relating to various divisions. Out of total 155 Demands for Grants, 92 were approved in the previous sitting while the House gave approval of remaining Demands for Grants in today’s sitting after voting. The Chair also formally announced the approval of all Demands for Grants at end of the sitting.
A PML-N lawmaker walked out of the proceedings for 24 minutes against the Chair’s decision who allowed him late to speak on his cut motion.
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“Numerical study of particle-laden turbulence”
Particle-laden turbulence is frequently found in nature and human environment. Clouds, yellow dusts, volcanic ashes, and PM2.5 are just a few examples of heavy particles laden in turbulence. Fuel spray in a diesel engine cylinder, colloidal solutions in chemical equipment, and polymer-laden fluid are industrial examples of particle-laden turbulence. There have been many previous works on particle-laden turbulence either numerically or experimentally. We have some understanding of interesting phenomenon such as clustering of particles which is caused by the interaction between inertial particles and rotation of fluid motion. Still, we lack the fundamental understanding of mechanism of particle-turbulence interactions. In our study we investigate particle-turbulence interaction using direct numerical simulation of particle-laden turbulence. We consider small particles so that the point-particle approximation can be made under the Stokes flow assumption. Isotropic turbulence in a periodic cubic domain is simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equation. Dynamics of particles is determined by the Stokes drag and gravity. We discovered a new kind of clustering of settling heavy particles which purely results from gravity. This clustering forms a fractal structure for which the Lyapunov exponents can be estimated by theory and confirmed by direct numerical measurement. Rising bubbles can also be modeled similarly, but the dynamics of bubbles is more complicated. In addition to the Stokes drag and buoyancy, the lift force acting mostly horizontally plays a very important role by pushing bubbles in one direction when bubbles are located inside vortical motion of fluid. Although the valid range of parameters for bubbles is usually relatively narrow, the theoretical prediction of fractal structure of bubble clustering is in good agreement with numerical estimation such as the Lyapunov exponents and the Kaplan-Yorke fractal dimension. Bubbles also display a vertical strip pattern of clustering and they hardly collide with each other. Another interesting observation is that bubbles move like phytoplankton. This can be shown by a perfect analogy in the governing equation between bubbles and phytoplankton.
Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials
“3D printing commercialization strategy”
People know that 3D printing technology is cheaper and faster than traditional manufacturing methods. But is it really so? I don’t think so. If so, 3D printers should be used in more industries now. Of course, 3D printing is competitive in certain areas such as prototyping, but it is less competitive in many areas. Why do these misunderstandings happen? These misunderstandings are due to the engineers’ desire to emphasize the importance of their research areas and the reporters’ desire to appeal to the public. This misunderstanding has fantasy in many people and this fantasy caused disappointment. The 3D printing commercialization strategy is to turn this disappointment into hope. The strategy is simple. The strategy is to make 3D printing process cheaper and faster than traditional manufacturing methods. It is impossible to do so in all areas. There are three commercialization strategies. The first strategy is to develop a printing method that is 10 times faster and cheaper than the current printing method. This is the original technology of printing, and it takes a lot of time and money. As the original technology, it has a great ripple effect, and therefore requires long-term continuous research. The second strategy is the passive way to find areas in which 3D printing is competitive, for example, prototyping. It is a way to try commercialization through 3D printing, but there are not many successful cases other than prototype production currently. There are many new attempts in the medical field and many successful cases are expected to emerge. The third strategy is to change the design of the product to allow 3D printing to be competitive in the manufacturing field. This is called DfAM(Design for Additive Manufacturing). DfAM is a design that maximizes the performance of the product by taking into consideration the 3D printing process. DfAM is the most realistic and powerful way to commercialize 3D printing in a current context.
East China University of Science and Technology
“From Reliability Design to Reliability Manufacture”
With the evolution of our human being, the highly developed technology and civilization allows us to have less fear of the famine, pestilence, and even the war. However, failures of critical infrastructures, industrial equipment and explosion of plants are still a treat to our civilization and the sustainable development. The reliability design has been playing an important role in improving the product quality and preventing the failures. This is achieved by understanding the data scatter of the existing materials and dimensions of the components, the loading randomness and acceptable failure probability. However, many unexpected factors may contribute to the failure of a product. In reality, failure rates have been higher than they are designed or expected. Thus, a re-examination of the conventional manufacturing modes is necessary. The manufacturing practices such as agile manufacturing, lean production, next generation manufacturing in current industries were mostly aiming at manufacturing efficiency while reliability of high-end products were not the central concern. The present paper reviews the conventional manufacturing modes and various failures that entangled the current manufacturing industries. A reliability-manufacturing mode is proposed which aims at increasing the inherent reliability of products. To achieve this, damage identification is essential followed by a big failure databank. High reliability is then secured by development of high performance materials, design against failures, zero-defect manufacture and re-manufacturing for reliability recovery. The key components of reliability manufacturing are advanced testing, inspection, and on-line monitoring technology, and various surface engineering techniques for materials performance enhancement. A general framework of reliability-manufacturing mode is thus given, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Emphases are laid on the testing, inspection, health monitoring and surface modification technologies. Case studies will be given to illustrate the effectiveness of the technologies. Future considerations to implement the reliability-manufacturing mode in industry will also be discussed.
Prof. Chen Ming
A New Generation of Intelligent Manufacturing and Corresponding Talent Cultivation
The deep integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing is triggering far-reaching industrial changes. New production models, new business models and new service models are emerging. The real question is how to transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality. To meet this demand, the strategy of manufacturing power of China has been formulated.
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been accelerating developed and achieved a strategic breakthrough. Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and new generation of AI technologies are deeply integrated to form a new generation of digital, networked and intelligent manufacturing. The manufacturing system in intelligent manufacturing possess a learning capability. The production, acquisition, application and transmission efficiency of knowledge in the manufacturing industry will revolutionary changed by using deep learning, reinforcement learning, transfer learning and other technologies. The capability of innovation and service will be significantly improved.
China became the most competitive manufacturing country in 2016. This is not only because of traditionally low-cost manufacturing, but also because of the long-term development plan of China in the field of innovation, which has consolidated the role of advanced technology in the future manufacturing industry. However, the continuous adoption of more advanced and more sophisticated products, technologies and materials in the manufacturing industry, the United States is expected to replace China to become the world leader of manufacturing industry by 2020 through the advancement of advanced manufacturing technology.
Talent is the first priority in global manufacturing competitiveness. In order to, revitalize the advanced manufacturing industry, the United States Presidential Advisory Committee on science and technology proposed to build unimpeded “transportation pipeline for industrial talents”. Meanwhile, the United States also point out that the high quality industrial talents have most Influential impacts on the competitiveness of manufacturing industry.
The implementation of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing will make the need of certain occupations disappear or reduce sharply. Many previous skills will no longer be needed while the others may be increasing needed. Completely new types of jobs may occur in this period.
The demand of talents in different industries can be pointed out through the talent cultivating model we build in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The professionals and interdisciplinary talents and especially system-level talents who are good at system architecture and integration are mostly needed. Four universities have applied a new engineering major “intelligent manufacturing engineering” from the ministry of education successfully. The exploration of talent cultivating in the field of intelligent manufacturing have started in China.
“Making Bulky Sensors Much Smaller by MEMS Technology”
Small sensors based on MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology have replaced bulky sensors in the past 30 years. Mechanical inertia sensors in 1990’s was as large as 100 cc or even larger, but MEMS inertia sensors have only 1/10000 of the volume. The size reduction has proceeded also in recent several years. The latest 9-axis combo sensors are smaller than 0.01 cc. The driving force of the recent size reduction is wafer-level integration. Different kinds of sensors can be made on the same wafer at the same time, and they are often integrated with ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) at wafer level.
Another example is for microphones used in cellar phones and smartphones. A conventional electret microphone is weak against high temperature and thus mounted on a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) not by solder reflow but via a plastic holder, making the microphone the tallest on the PCB of cellar phones. The electret microphones in smartphones have been fully replaced by MEMS microphones, and multiple MEMS microphones are now used in a smartphone for noise cancellation and so on thanks to their small form factor and low cost.
What is the next? This is the topic of this lecture.
We are trying to replace bulky and expensive optical gyroscopes with a MEMS vibratory gyroscope. A high-performance gyroscope is one of key sensors for autonomous driving cars, robots, auto-pilot drones etc. The current MEMS gyroscopes do not satisfy the requirements of such applications, and optical gyroscopes are used instead. However, a new generation of MEMS gyroscope with a highly symmetric orthogonal vibration system and a sophisticated controller has a chance to replace the optical gyroscopes.
Bulky ultrasonic transducers, which are widely used for car back sensors, can be drastically miniaturized by the MEMS technology. We used an epitaxial PMnN-PZT film with a high piezoelectric constant and a low dielectric constant to improve a MEMS ultrasonic transducer. The small and low-power MEMS ultrasonic transducer can open new applications such as gesture interface of IT devices and position tracking for virtual reality. A similar technology can be used for secure ultrasonic fingerprint sensors.
What the MEMS technology can make smaller is not only devices but also components and systems. We have developed a large-scale tactile sensor array system for robots. Tactile sensor arrays are attracting a lot of attentions for the machine learning of robots based on AI (Artificial Intelligence). However, the bulky wiring is a critical problem to install a lot of tactile sensors in a limited inner volume of robots. Our MEMS tactile sensor has a small form factor and more importantly can be connected to a bus, because it is integrated with an ASIC with the functions of sensor readout, data processing and digital bus communication. About 50 sensors were connected to a bus, and each sensor worked independently in event-driven manner.
The MEMS technology has been an enabling technology, making our daily life convenient and comfortable. I believe that the MEMS technology will develop further and contribute to coming innovations such as IoT (Internet of Things), autonomous driving and AI-based robotics.
“High-throughput detection of cellular traction forces for screening of drugs and regulatory genes”
Recent progress in understanding the essential roles of mechanical forces in regulating various cellular functions expands the field of biology to one where interdisciplinary approaches with mechanical engineering techniques become indispensable. Cellular traction forces (CTF) – that are present in proliferative cells including cancer cells due to the activity of ubiquitous nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) – are one of such mechanical forces (or signal regulators), but because NMII works downstream of diverse signaling pathways, it is often difficult to predict how the CTF changes upon perturbations to particular molecules such as gene mutations and drugs. Here I will talk about our unique bioassay or bioengineering technology with a high-throughput data analysis capability to determine whether the endogenous CTF is upregulated or downregulated. One example that I will show focuses on the effect of mutations in the human MYH9 gene that encodes NMII, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephritis. Our bioassay revealed that a particular point mutation in the gene significantly reduces the magnitude of the endogenous CTF of human kidney cells. Given the increasingly recognized roles of CTF as a critical regulator, as well as that no apparent morphological changes were induced to the kidney cells even by introducing the mutations, our findings suggested that the detected reduction in the force magnitude at the individual cellular level may underlie the pathogenesis of the kidney disease. Thus, our group has demonstrated that our new technology allows us to comprehensively evaluate changes in the cell functions/diseases-associated CTF caused by any mutations, knockdown/knockout, or overexpression of particular genes and how those changes are enhanced or rescued by means of drugs [1–4].
Ichikawa, T., Kita, M., Matsui, T.S., Ichikawa-Nagasato, A., Araki, T., Chiang, S.H., Sezaki, T., Kimura, Y., Ueda, K., Deguchi, S., Saltiel, A.R., Kioka, N., Vinexin family (SORBS) proteins play different roles in stiffness-sensing and contractile force generation. Journal of Cell Science, 130, 3517-3531, 2017.
Fukuda, S.P., Matsui, T.S., Ichikawa, T., Furukawa, T., Kioka, N., Fukushima, S., Deguchi, S., Cellular force assay detects altered contractility caused by a nephritis-associated mutation in nonmuscle myosin IIA. Development, Growth & Differentiation, 59(5), 423-433, 2017.
Yokoyama, S., Matsui, T.S., Deguchi, S., New wrinkling substrate assay reveals traction force fields of leader and follower cells undergoing collective migration. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 482, 975-979, 2017.
Sakane, Y., Yoshizawa, S., Nishimura, M., Tsuchiya, Y., Matsushita, N., Miyake, K., Horikawa, K., Imoto, I., Mizuguchi, C., Saito, H., Ueno, T., Matsushita, S., Haga, H., Deguchi, S., Mizuguchi, K., Yokota, H., Sasaki, T., Conformational plasticity of JRAB/MICAL-L2 provides “law and order” in collective cell migration. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 27(20), 3095-3108, 2016.
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Tag Archives: ESV Study Bible
NIV Zondervan Study Bible (Review and Comparison with ESV Study Bible)
November 16, 2015 Dwight Gingrich 9 Comments
NIV Zondervan Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015). 2,880 p. Publication announcement from ESV-loving Assistant Editor Andrew David Naselli. Official website with video and free sampler. (Amazon new price: $29.45 hardcover, $14.99 Kindle.)
As someone who rarely uses study Bibles, I may not be the best person to review one. But, since I got a free copy of the new NIV Zondervan Study Bible, here goes! Perhaps you will learn as much as I am learning as I write.
My approach in this review will be to compare the NIVZSB (NIV Zondervan Study Bible) with the ESVSB (ESV Study Bible). I do this for three reasons:
The ESVSB is probably the most highly-praised and widely-used scholarly study Bible among evangelicals today.
The ESVSB probably holds similar prominence among my readers (though some prefer various KJV study Bibles).
The ESVSB is the only other top-tier study Bible I own. (I own it on on Kindle; the NIVZSB I own in hardcover.)
These reasons make the ESVSB a good standard against which to measure the NIVZSB. If the latter reaches the stature of the former, it is certainly a general success.
I’ll divide the rest of this review into three parts:
Similarities with the ESV Study Bible
Differences from the ESV Study Bible
Comparison of how they handle some controversial Scriptures
(You may also jump ahead to my concluding observations.)
In short, the NIV now has a study Bible that is essentially equivalent in quality to the highly-praised ESV Study Bible. Both are massive works—2752 pp. for the ESVSB and 2880 pp. for the NIVZSB, placing them first and second in length among major evangelical study Bibles. (If you think this review is long…) Both stand firmly within the conservative evangelical tradition. Both are scholarly works with general editors bearing PhDs from the University of Cambridge—Wayne Grudem for the ESVSB and D. A. Carson for the NIVZSB. My incomplete manual comparison of the contributors to the two study Bibles revealed at least 9 people who contributed to both, including major scholars such as John N. Oswalt, Andreas Köstenberger, Robert W. Yarbrough, and T. Desmond Alexander—who wrote the Genesis notes for the ESVSB and then served as an Associate Editor for Old Testament and Biblical Theology for the NIVZSB, writing multiple introductions and articles. (I think I found only one female contributor in my non-exhaustive survey—Karen H. Jobes, a well-known commentary author, writing in the NIVZSB.)
Given their shared evangelical roots, both study Bibles affirm traditional authorship for contested books such as the Pentateuch (Moses with minor editorial shaping), Isaiah (Isaiah), Daniel (Daniel), Matthew (the apostle Matthew), Ephesians (Paul), the Pastoral Epistles (Paul), 2 Peter (the apostle Peter), and 1-3 John (the apostle John). Similarly, Job was probably an historical person (though the speeches reflect literary composition) and Jonah really did ride in a great fish (though his story is told for didactic purposes).
There are even typographical similarities: both volumes print the sacred text in a single column on each page, with cross references along the outside margins, and with commentary in double columns beneath. (The NIVZSB shades the commentary notes to more clearly distinguish them from the biblical text.)
Indeed, these two study Bibles are similar enough that the main factor that should influence your choice between the two is your preference in translations.
I won’t get into the translation debate here, except to say that I use the ESV as my “home” translation and the NIV as one of my favorite comparison translations. A good understanding of the differing goals of each will help you put both to good and appropriate use. And yes, both are suitable for a study Bible.
(For more on translations: See here for my advice about Bible translations and here for more comments about the NIV from me and from the chair of the NIV translation team. See here for a brief explanation of why newer translations such as the NIV and ESV “omit” some verses and see here for a defense of why you can still trust your Bible. By the way, Bill Mounce, who was the New Testament chair of the ESV translation, also works on the NIV translation team, and does not consider the NIV to be “liberal.” Here is one example of where a strength of the NIV helped me understand God’s word better. Here is one passage where I am less convinced they chose well.)
That said, there are some differences between these two study Bibles, and I’d like to focus on those differences next in this review.
It is a bit difficult to compare a Kindle study Bible with a hardcover study Bible (though I’ve been also using Amazon preview for the ESVSB), but it appears to me that the ESVSB is somewhat stronger than the NIVZSB in these areas:
General apologetic or bibliological articles
The ESVSB, for example, has separate articles devoted to archeological topics, biblical languages, biblical doctrine, biblical ethics, and the perspectives that various denominations, religions, and cults bring to Scripture. This infographic from Tim Challies affirms that the ESVSB has more charts and maps (although I think it is somewhat misleading when comparing the number of articles).
A comparison of the introductions to Exodus shows that the one in the ESVSB is slightly longer (six pages to the NIVZSB’s five), with more attention given to the historical reliability of the book and to its literary features. But both cover title, author, date, a content survey, theological themes, and connections to the NT (called “salvation history” in the ESVSB and “biblical-theological trajectories” in the NIVZSB). And both include extensive and exegetically-valid book outlines.
Similarly, the NIVZSB introduction for Galatians is three pages long, while the ESVSB’s covers four pages, providing a little more historical data, a superior map, and more space devoted to charts rather than photographs.
The differences, I stress, are differences of degree; the NIVZSB also includes excellent timelines, maps such as “Assyrian Campaigns Against Israel and Judah,” charts such as “The Eight Signs of John’s Gospel,” and lots of full-color illustrations. Its Exodus introduction includes a helpful chart comparing arguments for early and late dates for the exodus from Egypt. The similarities outweigh the differences, but I give the ESVSB the blue ribbon for visual helps and breadth of topics addressed in articles.
The NIVZSB is stronger in at least one way: its emphasis on biblical theology. This makes sense, given the editors of the two volumes: Wayne Grudem’s most significant authorial effort is his massive and massively popular Systematic Theology, while D. A. Carson is better known for both his commentaries and his editorial work in books such as the Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament and the series New Studies in Biblical Theology.
I haven’t read enough of the book introductions and running commentary in either study Bible to get a complete sense on how these differences appear throughout. A partial comparison of the 1 John notes suggests the ESVSB makes a few more systematic theology deductions (for example, on 1 John 2:19 which speaks of those who “went out from us” it says, “this implies that those who are truly saved will never abandon Christ”), while the NIVZSB sticks more closely throughout with what the text may have meant to its first readers (for example, if often refers to the “secessionists” who threatened John’s readers).
In its discussion of doctrinally-controversial passages (see below), the ESVSB is likewise slightly quicker to focus on systematic theology or ethical deductions for readers today. This is not a bad thing, of course (unless you disagree with the deductions!), just a difference in emphasis.
The NIVZSB’s focus on biblical theology is most evident in the twenty-eight articles found before the concordance. Most articles are two or three pages long; together they cover sixty-six pages. Since these articles are the most unique part of this study Bible, I will list them here, with their authors:
The Story of the Bible: How the Good News About Jesus Is Central – Timothy Keller
The Bible and Theology – D. A. Carson
A Biblical-Theological Overview of the Bible – D. A. Carson
The Glory of God – James M. Hamilton Jr.
Creation – Henri A. G. Blocher
Sin – Kevin DeYoung
Covenant – Paul R. Williamson
Law – T. D. Alexander
Temple – T. D. Alexander
Priest – Dana M. Harris
Sacrifice – Jay A. Sklar
Exile and Exodus – Thomas Richard Wood
The Kingdom of God – T. D. Alexander
Sonship – D. A. Carson
The City of God – T. D. Alexander
Prophets and Prophecy – Sam Storms
Death and Resurrection – Philip S. Johnston
People of God – Moisés Silva
Wisdom – Daniel J. Estes
Holiness – Andrew David Naselli
Justice – Brian S. Rosner
Wrath – Christopher W. Morgan
Love and Grace – Graham A. Cole
The Gospel – Greg D. Gilbert
Worship – David G. Peterson
Mission – Andreas J. Köstenberger
Shalom – Timothy Keller
The Consummation – Douglas J. Moo
Carson describes the goal of these articles in the Editor’s Preface:
We have tried to highlight the way various themes develop within the Bible across time… taking us to their climax in the book of Revelation… In this way we hope to encourage readers of the Bible to spot these themes for themselves as they read their Bibles, becoming adept at tracing them throughout the Scriptures. Such biblical theology enables readers to follow the Bible’s themes in the terms and categories that the Bible itself uses. (p. xxiii)
Some of these categories (see the article titles above) mirror categories common to systematic theology, such as harmartiology (study of sin) or eschatology (study of the end times). Others cover similar ground but focus more on how themes unfold across time and different covenants, such as “People of God” versus ecclesiology (study of the church). Still others are unlikely to receive any meaningful treatment in traditional systematic theologies, such as “Exile and Exodus.” (And of course, some traditional systematic theology topics such as angelology are missing here.)
While I disagree with minor points in some of these articles, I find myself agreeing with a much higher percentage of what is said here than with what is said in most systematic theologies. That is the benefit of staying closer to the language of Scripture itself. Most of these articles are very useful and some (such as Keller’s opening one) are even moving. I have a niggling question about the place of such essays in a study Bible (how many readers will really find and benefit from this content in their specific moments of exegetical need?), but reading them can certainly make one a better reader of Scripture.
In sum, though the ESVSB and the NIVZSB have similar depth and quality of study notes throughout, the ESVSB has the edge regarding visual helps and breadth of topics in its extra articles, and the NIVZSB has the edge if you wish to think in the patterns of biblical theology.
Handling of Controversial Scriptures
The most important factor in a study Bible is how it interprets the sacred text. A study Bible, like a preacher, can draw out the truth and beauty of God’s word with humility and boldness, or else it can hide the text behind an arrogant cloud of human opinions and qualifications. So, how well does the NIVZSB do? And how does it stack up against the ESVSB?
The subtitle of the NIVZSB is Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message. I think it lives up to this title. On the central matters of the gospel, this study Bible is solid. For example, read the following excerpts from Douglas Moo’s study notes on Romans. (Moo is, significantly, both the head of the NIV translation team and Associate Editor of New Testament and Biblical Theology for the NIVSB.) First, from a study note on Romans 3:24:
“Grace” is a thread that runs throughout Romans. The display of God’s grace in the gospel is rooted in the character of God himself. As 4:4-5 makes clear, no human can ever make a claim on God because of anything they have done (11:5-6). A holy God can never be indebted to his creatures. Whatever he gives us, therefore, he gives “freely” and without compulsion (4:16). Not only is grace needed at the beginning of the Christian life, but believers “stand” in grace (5:2): we live in the realm in which grace “reign[s]” (5:21; see 5:15, 17, 20). (p. 2297)
If Moo stopped right there, I would fault him for teaching a wonderful half-truth. But this is the very next sentence:
That reign of grace, Paul hastens to clarify, does not absolve us of the need to live righteously before God; rather, it gives us the power to do so (6:1, 14-15, 17). (p. 2297)
Later, commenting on Romans 6:19, Moo speaks even more forcefully:
God himself sanctifies all those who believe in Jesus: they become “holy,” or “saints,” members of God’s own people (e.g., 1:7). But sanctification is also a process of becoming increasingly obedient to the will of God (1 Thess 4:3); believers need to engage in this lifelong pursuit of holiness if they expect to enjoy eternal life (v. 22; see Heb 12:14: “without holiness no one will see the Lord”). (p. 2303)
So the NIVZSB promotes the core gospel message well, along with the necessary human response to God’s grace. And, though it is generally Calvinistic throughout, it does not emphasize this interpretive lens in a way that overshadows the biblical message itself. Well done.
But how does the NIVZSB handle more controversial passages—texts which theologically conservative Christians sometimes disagree about? And how does it compare to the ESVSB in its handling of these texts?
Here are some examples for your review, arranged topically:
The Flood and Miracles
Nonresistance and Relationship to Government
Foreknowledge, Predestination, Election
The Christian’s Struggle with Sin
Sabbath and Lord’s Day
The Olivet Discourse
Creation: These study Bibles hold similar positions on Genesis 1-2: (1) The ESVSB presents five readings that “faithful interpreters” offer regarding the days of creation (“calendar day,” “day-age,” “analogical days,” “literary framework,” and “gap theory”) but refrains from assessing them. The NIVZSB says the mention of “days” “emphasizes the logical development of God’s creation more than it pinpoints the chronological development” (p. 20). (2) The ESVSB says the word “kinds” does not correspond to our modern term “species” but could refer to a “more general taxonomic group.” The NIVZSB suggests (based on Ezek. 47:10) that “kinds” “does not emphasize limitation of each life form to its specific species but emphasizes the diversity of each general life form” (p. 20). (3) Both affirm that Adam and Eve were historical persons. There are no surprises here for either study Bible; both are taking currently-accepted “conservative” positions on creation, like it or not.
The Flood and Miracles: Both agree that the flood (Genesis 6-8) was “a real event” (ESVSB). The NIVZSB says that “a natural reading suggests a global flood, and some find this in 2 Pet 2:5; 3:6. The reference [‘all the high mountains… were covered’] may also imply a regional flood (nevertheless possessing tremendous severity) with impact affecting the whole human race, who may have remained in one area (Gen 11:1-9). In 41:57, ‘all the world’ refers to the eastern Mediterranean lands, so in chs. 6-8 the flood may have covered only the part of the earth where people lived.” At 6:15 we read, “estimates suggest that all the land animals could be accommodated in the ark with more than half of it remaining for other uses” (p. 37). The ESVSB makes no mention of the ark’s size, but likewise posits that “it is possible that the flood, while universal from [the] viewpoint [of ancient people], did not cover the entire globe.”
It is important to note, given this uncertainty about the extent of the flood, that the editors of the NIVZSB (and ESVSB) are not motivated by an anti-supernatural, anti-miraculous bias. For example, the NIVZSB says this of the Red (or “Reed”) Sea: “Whatever its exact location, it was a significant body of water—large (and deep) enough to drown the Egyptian army” (p. 136). It speaks even more clearly at Exodus 14: “As with the series of wonders in Egypt, naturalistic explanations of this event inevitably undermine its theological significance. Whatever ‘natural’ elements the Lord may have employed (as ‘a strong east wind’ blowing all night might imply), the timing of this phenomenon, as well as its depiction both here and elsewhere…, suggests that it was a supernatural display of the Lord’s ‘mighty hand’ (14:31). As such, this was not a purely natural event, however unusual. Rather, God’s ability to control this large body of water, like later similar events (e.g., Josh 3:14-17; 2Kgs 2:8,14), demonstrates his lordship over creation. Such lordship is likewise reflected when Jesus calmed the storm and demonstrated that ‘even the winds and the water… obey him’ (Luke 8:25)” (pp. 143-44).
Divorce and Remarriage: Both study Bibles hold similar positions on Matthew 5:31-32 and Matthew 19:1-12, underscoring that “Jesus is reaffirming God’s original intention that marriage be permanent and lifelong” (NIVZSB, p. 1970). They teach that both divorce and remarriage are “possible but never ideal” (NIVZSB, p. 1969) in cases where one marriage partner engages in “sexual immorality” (Matt. 5:32; 19:9, both NIV and ESV). It seems that the NIVZSB may interpret “sexual immorality” slightly more broadly, saying that the Greek term “porneia [is] the broadest term for sexual sin. It refers to sexual relations with any other person besides one’s monogamous heterosexual spouse” (p. 1939). The ESVSB, rather than speaking of “sexual relations,” specifies “sexual intercourse,” possibly a narrower term, giving as examples adultery, prostitution, incest, fornication, homosexuality, and bestiality.
On the other hand, the NIVZSB takes a more rigid stance on 1 Corinthians 7:10-16. On verse 11 it notes, “There are only two options for a divorced woman: (1) remain unmarried or (2) reconcile with her husband.” It acknowledges regarding verse 15 (“but if the unbeliever leaves… the brother or sister is not bound in such circumstances”) that “it is often suggested that this allows a deserted Christian spouse to remarry” but states that “this interpretation is not plausible,” listing four reasons. The ESVSB, while acknowledging this interpretation as possible, says that “the majority of interpreters now think that the phrase also implies the freedom to obtain a legal divorce (if that has not already happened) and the freedom to marry someone else.”
An additional difference between these two Bibles on this topic is that the ESVSB contains a lengthy discussion about divorce and remarriage in an essay called “Biblical Ethics: An Overview.” Here it attempts to synthesize the full biblical evidence—something the NIVZSB never does.
Homosexuality: Both study Bibles state clearly that homosexual relations are sinful. An NIVZSB comment on Romans 1:26-27 succinctly states that “in making humans [sic!] beings male and female…, God manifests his intention for human sexual relations” (p. 2293). (See also the specification about “heterosexual spouse” in the note on Matthew 5 above, as well as this article which shows that the updated NIV aims to speak even more clearly against homosexuality than the 1984 edition did.)
Gender Roles: It will surprise some readers to learn that the NIVZSB takes nearly the same stance on gender roles as the ESVSB does. If the NIV has a liberal agenda of actively undermining gender difference, as some claim (including some ESV promoters), then the editors of this study Bible missed the memo. I will trace the evidence in some detail, since this topic is of special concern to those uncertain about the NIV.
In 1 Corinthians 11:2-16 both study Bibles agree that the passage is discussing husbands and wives, not men and women generally; both assume Paul is advocating a veil, not merely hair; both assert that “a wife’s respect for her husband… is expressed in different ways in different cultures” (NIVZSB, p. 2346); and both agree that “creational differences between men and women, husbands and wives… continue to have validity since they come from God” (NIVZSB, ibid.). The study Bibles do differ in presentation: The ESVSB lists other interpretive possibilities besides a veil for what was to cover a woman’s head; it suggest modern cultural equivalents for a veil; and it uses the language of “headship” and “authority” to describe leadership role of husbands. The NIVZSB, in contrast, uses the equivalent but less embattled language of “preeminent status.”
In Ephesians 5:21-33, both study Bibles agree that “submitting to one another” (v. 21) does not advocate an egalitarian mutual submission but rather introduces the wife’s responsibility to submit to her husband (the NIVZSB calls this interpretation “more likely,” p. 2408). While the NIVZSB notes that “submit” is “frequently synonymous with ‘obey,'” it clarifies that “submission to another human is conditioned on the submission that one ultimately owes to God (p. 2408); the ESVSB that clarifies that “the submission of wives is not like the obedience children owe parents.” The NIVZSB says that “submission recognizes a divinely ordered set of relationships” (p. 2408) and the ESVSB says that “just as Christ’s position as head of the church and its Savior does not vary from culture to culture, neither does the headship of a husband in relation to his wife and her duty to submit to her husband” (bold in original). Both affirm that the Greek word translated “head” here and in 1 Corinthians “generally implies authority” (NIVZSB, p. 2401), though the ESVSB presents this assertion more strongly and with more evidence.
Both study Bibles agree that in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 “Paul is not issuing a general command for women to be silent” (NIVZSB, p. 2353, citing 1 Cor. 11). Rather, “Paul is likely forbidding women to speak up and judge prophecies… since such an activity would subvert male headship” (ESVSB). The NIVZSB does seem to read the prohibition a little more narrowly, as directed to wives rather than women in general, but cites valid textual evidence for this interpretation: “Paul is addressing married women (v. 35) who might want to be involved in the evaluation of their husband’s prophecy or who disrupt the service by speaking with their husbands” (p. 2353). (Incidentally, I’ve wondered why the ESV translates γυνὴ as “wife” in 1 Corinthians 11 but as “woman” here. The NET Bible notes suggest that there should be consistency, and that “in passages governing conduct in church meetings like this [cf. 1 Cor 11:2-16; 1Tim 2:9-15] the general meaning ‘women’ is more likely”—thus agreeing with the NIV text but not the NIVZSB notes!)
Similarly, both study Bibles interpret 1 Timothy 2:11-15 to be giving instruction only for the gathered church setting. The NIVZSB presents “three general approaches” to these verses: (1) Paul is patriarchal and wrong; (2) Our understandings or circumstances are different from Paul’s, so his once-valid teaching no longer applies; (3) “Most Christians through almost all of church history, have understood Paul’s teaching to be that in general men are called to certain leadership responsibilities in the church that women under most circumstances are not.” It then specifies that “the following study notes are most consistent with view 3” (p. 2462). Later it clarifies that women were allowed to pray and prophesy (1 Cor. 11:5), that “quiet” applies to men as well as women in some circumstances (1 Tim. 2:2), that “it seems reasonable to assume women sang (Eph 5:19; Col 3:16; Jas 5:13),” but that “there are no clear examples in the NT of women serving as overseers (3:1) in apostolic churches,” a fact consistent with “the universal policy in early Christian generations and beyond” (ibid.). The ESVSB agrees, arguing even more strongly. The ESVSB argues that “teach” and “exercise authority” are “two different activities” (meaning that all teaching is prohibited, not just “authoritative teaching”). The NIVZSB, in contrast, says “Paul is not thinking of two separate, unrelated activities.” Thus they both agree that Paul is referring to the role of overseers, who exercise authority as they teach, while the ESVSB leaves the prohibition broader, excluding women from any act of teaching “Scripture and/or Christian doctrine to men in church.” Thus both study Bibles reserve the overseer (or elder/pastor) role for men.
And both Bibles are uncertain regarding the role of deacon. In 1 Timothy 3:11 the ESVSB leans toward women as either “deacons or assistants” (contra the ESV text which sees them as deacon’s wives), while the NIVZSB suggests “it is less likely that v. 11 refers to a separate order of women deacons” (p. 2464). In Romans 16:1, however, the study Bibles exchange stances: the ESVSB says “scholars debate” whether Phoebe is a “servant” or a “deacon,” while the NIVZSB concludes that since she is called “a diakonos ‘of the church,'” this “suggests that she holds some kind of official position” (p. 2321).
In all the gender texts I’ve surveyed thus far, the NIVZSB and ESVSB adopt nearly the same position—gender role difference in marriage and church are timeless principles, men are called to authoritative and loving leadership in home and church while women are called to submit, and women may not be overseers but may perhaps be (non-teaching) deacons. The NIVZSB does apparently leave the door open for women to teach men in non-authoritative positions in the church, but otherwise the differences between the study Bibles are differences of tone more than position, with the ESVSB giving a more rigorous defense of the position shared by both.
The differences between how the ESVSB and the NIVZSB approach gender roles may perhaps be seen most strongly in the study notes on Genesis 1-3. Here the ESVSB notes that while the image of God applies to both males and females (Gen. 1:27), the fact that the command to care for the garden (Gen. 2:15-16) was given to Adam “implies that God gave ‘the man’ a leadership role… a role that is also related to the leadership responsibility of Adam for Eve as his wife.” It specifies that God’s words “I will make him can also be translated ‘I will make for him'” (Gen. 2:18, bold in original), thus explaining Paul’s statement that God made woman for the man, and not the other way around (1 Cor. 11:9). It clarifies that “‘fit for him’… is not the same as ‘like him’: a wife is not her husband’s clone but complements him.” It says Adam’s taking of the fruit (Gen. 3:6) was “a failure to carry out his divinely ordered responsibility” to guard and keep the woman. It notes that God confronts Adam first (Gen. 3:9), thus “holding him primarily responsible for what happened, as the one who is the representative (or ‘head’) of the husband-and-wife relationship.” It describes how “the leadership role of the husband and the complementary relationship between husband and wife that were ordained by God before the fall… [were] deeply damaged and distorted by sin” (Gen. 3:16). In other words, the ESVSB reads Genesis 1-3 with an eye open for every detail that supports traditional gender roles.
The NIVZSB does not disagree with any of these ESVSB comments. (For example, it certainly does not suggest that gender role difference is a result of the fall.) But the only one it actually states (by implication) is the first one: that “the whole human race” bear God’s image, not merely males (p. 27). It does note that “the man is addressed first” by God, but does not draw any theological deductions from that bare observation. When it describes the results of the fall on husband-wife relationships, it simply frames it as “a breakdown in the original harmonious relationship between the man and the woman,” without any word of the gender roles that initially helped frame that harmony (p. 31). Its notes are focused primarily on other matters.
Similarly, at Galatians 3:28 only the ESVSB clarifies that “there is no male or female does not imply that there are no distinctions in how these groups should act” (bold in original); the NIVZSB simply vaguely states that “distinctions based on… gender characterize life in the old age” (p. 2389).
In summary, on gender roles these two study Bibles take nearly the same positions. Those who want a somewhat more rigorous defense of traditional gender role difference will probably prefer the ESVSB, but find little to fault in the NIVZSB.
Nonresistance and Relationship to Government: On Matthew 5:38-48 the NIVZSB says that “Jesus is prohibiting retaliation for wrongs experienced.” It explains that a slap on the cheek is “a common Jewish insult by a superior to a subordinate, not an aggressor’s blow.” (p. 1939). This brief interpretation leaves the door open for Christians to use force, even deadly force, in other circumstances, though it may be significant that the NIVZSB does not explicitly state this. The ESVSB, on the other hand, presents this interpretive position much more clearly: “Jesus is not prohibiting the use of force by governments, police, or soldiers when combating evil… One should not return an insulting slap, which would lead to escalating violence. In the case of a more serious assault, Jesus’ words should not be taken to prohibit self-defense…, for often a failure to resist a violent attack leads to even more serious abuse.”
At 1 Thessalonians 5:15 the NIVZSB makes a brief mention of “the principle of non-retaliation” (p. 2446) and at Romans 12:14-21 it rather softly says that “believers should feel no compulsion to right all wrongs themselves” (p. 2316). On the latter passage the ESVSB, in contrast, claims that “overcoming evil with good… may sometimes also include the ‘good’ (13:4) of the civil government stopping evil through the use of superior force (military or police), as Paul explains in 13:3-4″ (bold in original). (This is an unsubstantiated interpretation on two counts: it blurs the “you” of chapter 12 with the “they” of chapter 13, which doesn’t command Christians to engage in government activity, and it leaps from the police action described in chapter 13 to also affirm military action.) Thus, while neither study Bible affirms anything near an Anabaptist understanding of non-resistance, the ESVSB more strongly and repeatedly disagrees with it.
At Romans 13:1-7 the NIVZSB says that “believers must recognize the place of government in God’s providential ordering of the world.” It correctly makes no mention of military action, saying that “government has the right to use force to punish wrongdoing.” Somewhat surprisingly, given the context, it adds this: “whether this force includes capital punishment is debated” (p. 2316). The ESVSB speaks of the “responsibility” rather than “right” of the government to punish evil—a stronger word. Similarly, it says “the reference to the sword most likely refers to the penalty of capital punishment.” And, consistent with its comments on Matthew, it says that “even though Christians must not take personal revenge…, it is right for them to turn punishment over to the civil authorities.”
Spiritual Gifts: I haven’t found any clear statement where the NIVZSB strongly affirms whether or not the “miraculous” spiritual gifts continue to this day. This is remarkable, given that Sam Storms, a strong continuationist, was chosen to author an essay on “Prophets and Prophecy.” In this article he gives reasons why some say “yeah” and some “nay,” but only vaguely hints at his own position by some present-tense references to prophecy in the remainder of his essay. A note at Acts 2:4 says that “the Spirit comes in a variety of ways, sometimes accompanied by speaking in tongues… and sometimes not” (p. 2218). The notes on 1 Corinthians 12 seem designed to studiously avoid any controversial questions of present-day application, sticking with general statements like “Christians have different gifts, no one has all gifts, and no gift has been given to all” (p. 2349). The ESVSB is more forthright but adopts a similar stance in its comments on this chapter: “Bible-believing Christians disagree as to whether the gift of tongues ceased after the apostolic age of the early church, or whether tongues is a spiritual gift that should continue to be practiced today. In either case, there is no indication that speaking in tongues is a normative requirement that all Christians must experience.” Clearly, both Bibles are aiming to avoid a fight over this volatile topic.
Foreknowledge, Predestination, Election: At Romans 8:29-30 the NIVZSB gives two possible explanations for God’s foreknowledge: “Perhaps ‘knew ahead of time’…: God ‘foreknew’ who would believe in him and so predestined them. But ‘know’ probably has the biblical sense of ‘enter into relationship with’…: God chose to initiate a relationship with people ‘before the creation of the world’… and on that basis ‘predestined’ them” (p. 2307). The ESVSB only presents the second option, and emphasizes that “predestined” means “predetermined” and that God’s calling is “effective,” not merely an invitation.
The NIVZSB says Romans 9:6-29 could refer to national election, but “more likely” refers to “personal election.” While “Paul does not intend to deny human responsibility… God’s sovereignty over all things, including salvation and eternal judgment, is a foundational theme of the Bible” (p. 2309-10). The ESVSB is less equivocal: “Christians can be assured, therefore, that God’s promise will be fulfilled because it depends solely upon his will”; and God “remains just in not choosing everyone” for salvation.
At Ephesians 1:3-5 the NIVZSB speaks strongly: “Since this divine election of believers occurred ‘before the creation of the world’ (v. 4), it is based solely on God’s gracious decision and not on any human merit.” A list of over a dozen references follows, along with a clarification that “predestined” means “predetermined” (pp. 2399-2400). The ESVSB strongly agrees, adding the idea that God’s will is “inexorable” (unstoppable).
There are too many verses related to this topic to survey them properly, but here are a few more: The NIVZSB makes no mention of the “all” in Titus 2:11, while the ESVSB says “it means… that salvation has been offered to all people (including all ethnic groups), not just to some.” The NIVZSB says that the “anyone” in 2 Peter 3:9 means “either (1) all humans without exception or (2) Peter’s readers, Christians… whom the false teachers influenced. If the first, then some view this as an example of what God desires as distinct from what God decrees” (p. 2556). Here a ESVSB note directs us to 1 Timothy 2:4, where it has a lengthy note that describes both Arminian and Calvinist interpretations without taking sides (surprise!), ending thus: “However one understands the extent of the atonement, this passage clearly teaches the free and universal offer of salvation to every single human being; ‘desires’ shows that this offer is a bona fide expression of God’s good will.” On this Timothy verse the NIVZSB suggests that “all people” “may mean ‘all kinds of people'” and that “what God ‘wants’ may be hindered by lack of human faith.” This last statement opens the door to non-Calvinistic interpretations (but does not demand them), as does the NIVZSB note on 1 John 2:2. This note suggests that “perhaps we may say Jesus’ death was sufficient to deal with the sins of the whole world, but it becomes effective only when people believe.” Similarly, the ESVSB here says that “Jesus’ sacrifice is offered and made available to everyone in ‘the whole world.'”
This extremely limited survey suggests that the NIVZSB and the ESVSB are both similarly Calvinistic regarding God’s choice and offer of salvation, but with occasional surprising flexibility.
Eternal Security: At Hebrews 6:4-6 the NIVZSB notes the “great difficulties for interpretation,” describes several common interpretations, and finally concludes that “those who do not hold on to faith in Christ show that their experience was superficial rather than genuine” (p. 2503). The ESVSB directs us to a note at Hebrews 3:14, which says “Scripture is clear… that true believers cannot lose their salvation.” On this verse the NIVZSB similarly asserts that “holding firmly to faith in God… despite day-by-day struggles does not qualify us for this status [of sharing in Christ] now or in the future; it reflects a status already gained. So this verse is not so much exhorting or admonishing (i.e., ‘we must endure in faith or we will not share in Christ’) as it is defining (i.e., ‘those who have come to share in Christ are the ones who will endure in faith’)” (p. 2499). Again, at Hebrews 7:25 the NIVZSB argues that the fact that Jesus “always lives to intercede for” believers “precludes their turning back” (p. 2507).
But such statements are relatively rare in the NIVZSB. At 1 John 2:19 the NIVZSB makes no clear theological deductions, while the ESVSB states that “this implies that those who are truly saved will never abandon Christ.” The ESVSB makes similar statements at John 6:40, John 10:28, 2Peter 1:10, and Jude 1:2—all places where the NIVZSB makes no clear assertions about whether believers can ever lose their salvation.
The Christian’s Struggle with Sin: At Romans 7:7-12 the NIVZSB suggests that Paul is describing his pre-Christian state, but also viewing “his solidarity” with both Adam and Israel. At Romans 7:13-25, it notes two common interpretations: Paul may be describing (1) his current experience as a Christian, or (2) his past experience as a Jew (again, in solidarity with Adam and Israel). No preference is given. The ESVSB presents two similar interpretations: “(1) unregenerate people who try to keep the law, or (2) believers who, despite being regenerated, find themselves still beset by sinful desires.” It discusses these options at some length, stating that “although good arguments are given by both sides, the most widely held view—beginning especially with Augustine and reaffirmed in the Reformation—is that Paul’s primary reference is to believers.” (For what it’s worth, I disagree quite strongly with the Augustinian/Reformational/ESVSB reading of this passage.)
Sabbath and Lord’s Day: These study Bibles take a similar stance on this topic. At Exodus 20:8-11 the ESVSB makes no Christian application, while the NIVZSB mentions that the Sabbath “anticipates the experience of rest through faith in Christ” (p. 155). At Colossians 2:16-17 the ESVSB says “it is debated whether the Sabbaths in question included the regular seventh-day rest of the fourth commandment, or were only the special Sabbaths of the Jewish festal calendar” while the NIVZSB does not discuss Sabbaths. At Galatians 4:10 the ESVSB repeats its uncertainty with the addition that some “believe that the weekly Sabbath command is not temporary but goes back to God’s pattern in creation.” The NIVZSB whispers (with dramatically different tone than Paul!) that “treating certain times as more sacred than others… is not an essential feature of Christian faith” (p. 2390). At Romans 14:5 the ESVSB declares that “unlike the other nine commandments in Ex. 20:1-17, the Sabbath commandment seems to have been part of the ‘ceremonial laws’ of the Mosaic covenant…, all of which are no longer binding on new covenant believers.” The NIVZSB simply affirms that the Sabbath is “probably” among the days Paul is describing as optional (p. 2318).
Regarding the Lord’s Day, at 1 Corinthians 16:2 the ESVSB describes that Christians gathered for worship on Sunday, not Saturday, while the NIVZSB adds that the Lord’s Day also refers to the first day of the week and that “Christian teachers at the end of the first century confirm the practice of Christians meeting on Sundays” (p. 2256). At Revelation 1:10 the ESVSB confirms the Lord’s Day/Sunday equation and the NIVZSB again looks to history, saying that “the majority of Christ’s followers see this passage as evidence that already in the first century this day was set aside for worship and fellowship” (p. 2589).
Thus, unlike the ESVSB, the NIVZSB apparently never suggests the Sabbath command may still apply. However, it seems a little more open to seeing Sunday worship as being normative. (For my understanding of this topic—which is a good test case for how Christians read the OT—see here.)
Israel and the Church: The NIVZSB is inconsistent on this topic. The “Exile and Exodus” article presents one perspective strongly: “As the only perfectly obedient Israelite (Heb 4:15; 5:8)—a faithful remnant of one—Jesus (not the unbelieving nation) is the sole heir of all of the covenantal promises made to Abraham, Israel, and David (Heb 1:2; cf. Matt 21:38; 28:18; Acts 2:29-33). Life everlasting, a land flowing with milk and honey, a posterity as numerous as the stars, a perpetual reign over all creation, and uninhibited access to the Father’s presence all belong exclusively to him. Others could join this new exodus and become joint heirs with Abraham’s ‘seed’ (Gal 3:16-20, 29), but not without embracing him as their Savior and Messiah (Acts 3:22-26; Rom 8:17; Gal 3:26-4:7; Eph 2:11-13; 3:6)” (p. 2661). (Here I say a hearty Amen!) Similarly, the article “People of God” says that “by choosing 12 apostles (Luke 6:13), Jesus reconstitutes the people of God. But this newly formed nation is no longer identified with a political entity or an ethnic group… Abraham’s true descendants, to whom God made the promise, consist of those who follow in the footsteps of Abraham’s faith” (p. 2673).
Again, a note at 1 Peter 1:1 says that Peter “implicitly claims that the church of Jesus Christ is the new Israel, made up of both Jewish and Gentile believers in Christ” (p. 2539). (For other affirmations of this position, see also Jer. 30:3, p. 1524; Jer. 33:22, p. 1534; Ez. 40-48, p. 1598; James 1:1, p. 2524.)
On the other hand, the article “Mission” says that Paul “taught that a future remains for ethnic Israel in God’s redemptive purposes (Rom 9-11)” (p. 2692). In the introduction to Revelation, one of the multiple interpretive approaches that is described (without criticism) asserts that “after the tribulation, God will fulfill his promises to bless Israel during a one-thousand-year period that does not directly pertain to the church” (p. 2584). (For other passages that present this kind of interpretation as at least one legitimate possibility, see also Jer. 31:33, p. 1530; Ez. 40:1, p. 1672; Amos 9:11, p. 1783; Rev. 11:1, p. 2604; Rev. 20:9, p. 2622.)
The ESVSB shows similar diversity. On 1 Peter 1:1 it is even stronger than the NIVZSB: “Peter explicitly [rather than ‘implicitly’] teaches that the church of Jesus Christ is the new Israel.” (For a similar strong statement see James 1:1. ) However, at other places the ESVSB presents a future role for an ethnic Israel as a legitimate interpretative approach. For example, under “Millennial Views” in the introduction to Revelation, it says “many premillennialists, …believe that OT prophecies of Israel’s restoration to fidelity and to political and material blessedness will be fulfilled in this millennial kingdom.” (See also Jer. 31:31-34; Amos 9:15; Ez. 40:1-48:35; Rev. 11:1-2.)
Both study Bibles refrain from taking a position at Galatians 6:16 as to whether “Israel of God” refers to the whole church or to Jews only. But at Romans 11:26 they differ slightly, in a way that reflects where they each most often land on this topic. The NIVZSB simply lists interpretive options: “all Israel” could refer to (1) the church, both Jew and Gentile, (2) elect Jews throughout history, or (3) a significant number of Jews at the end of history. The ESVSB describes the same three options, but then concludes that the third view “seems most likely.” (For what it is worth, I am convinced the second view fits the evidence best.)
The Olivet Discourse: The NIVZSB sees Matthew 24:4-28 as describing “what must happen in the generation in which [Jesus] and his disciples are living” (p. 1982). Thus evidence is given for how all the prophecies in this section (including the gospel being preached in the whole world and the great tribulation) were fulfilled prior to Jerusalem’s destruction in AD 70. Matthew 24:29-51, we are told, “describe[s] the return of Christ” (p. 1983). The ESVSB, in contrast, says that “the near event (the destruction of Jerusalem) serves as a symbol and foreshadowing of the more distant event (the second coming).” While both prophetic horizons are mentioned in the ongoing notes, verses 4 to 31 are primarily interpreted as providing “a generally chronological description of events preceding Christ’s return,” and some prophecies (including the great tribulation!) are specifically stated as not having been fulfilled prior to AD 70.
This difference, perhaps coincidentally, is consistent with how the NIVZSB is usually a little more focused on what the text meant to its original audience while the ESVSB spends a little more time elaborating what the text might mean for Christians today. (For what it is worth, I think the NIVZSB is definitely right to focus on an AD 70 fulfilment in the early part of the chapter, while the ESVSB may also be right to read that event as a foreshadowing of Christ’s final return.)
I think most conservative Anabaptists will find the NIVZSB slightly more agreeable on the topics of nonresistance and eternal security, while slightly preferring the ESVSB on gender roles. Most won’t be particularly happy with either study Bible on the topics of creation, divorce and remarriage, or predestination, and they will be as divided among themselves as both study Bibles are internally on the topic of Israel and the church. (Please note that I am not weighing doctrinal accuracy here, just drawing observations about doctrinal allegiances.)
(Bibliographic note: I have not provided ESVSB page citations in this review because I am focusing on the NIVZSB, I have only a Kindle ESVSB, and I wanted to reduce clutter. But most quotes can easily be traced by looking at the relevant Bible references or—in just a few cases—book introductions.)
Concluding Observations
My general sense is that the NIVZSB is slightly more careful than the ESVSB to avoid offending its readers—or, to state things more positively, that it is aiming to please a slightly larger readership.
On the one hand it is equally careful to adhere to the basic evangelical commitments (things such as traditional authorship and the historical reliability of Scripture), while also feeling equally free to adopt recent approaches to synthesizing the Bible and science (no firm stance on the days of Genesis or the question of evolution).
On the other hand, it seems slower to affirm some of the more fundamentalist ideas of evangelicalism (things such as capital punishment or a special plan for the future of ethnic Israel), it feels slightly more cautious as it affirms some points of evangelical doctrinal dispute (inability of true believers to fall from the faith, distinct gender roles in the church), and it is sometimes slower to pick sides at all regarding what the text means for today (the Christian and the military).
These tentative observations also seem to fit with the institutional affiliations of the study Bible contributors. For example, the ESVSB has more contributors affiliated with the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and Covenant Theological Seminary—both Reformed schools. But the NIVZSB has more contributors affiliated with Wheaton College, Denver Seminary, and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School—schools that are more broadly evangelical in their affirmations and allegiances. (Many more schools are represented in both Bibles, including many that I am poorly equipped to place theologically.)
This infographic from Tim Challies describes the ESVSB as “Reformed” and the NIZVSB as “conservative evangelical.” While there is much overlap between those labels, I think they are generally correct. Of course, these labels also match the theological commitments of the publishers of each Bible: Crossway for the ESVSB and Zondervan for the NIVZSB. That said, D. A. Carson, general editor of the NIVZSB, is firmly and famously Reformed, and the two study Bibles are quite similar on this point.
The aim of the NIVZSB to please a large readership fits well with the NIV’s goals and market niche as a translation, since it is the fastest-selling—though not most widely-read—translation in America. (This despite the fact that a relative minority have loudly protested the NIV!)
There may be some irony in the fact that the translation which leaves a few more of the rough edges of Scripture uninterpreted (ESV) has a study Bible which is slightly more interpretative and firm in its theological positions, while the translation which tends to do a little more thought-for-thought interpreting (NIV) has a study Bible which sticks a little closer to the biblical text, making slightly fewer strong theological affirmations.
But such differences are comparatively minor when set within the widely diverse translations and study Bibles currently on the market. Both the NIVZSB and the ESVSB are solidly conservative evangelical and among the very best in their class. I am very happy to recommend both for your judicious use.
The NIVZSB is about as good as a study Bible gets.
I give it 4-1/2 out of 5 stars.
If you’ve read this far, congratulations!
Hopefully this review has given you a better sense of the strengths and theological perspectives of two of the most important study Bibles available today. If you own either one and think I’ve misrepresented something, please let me know.
Will I use a study Bible more often now that I’ve examined a couple more closely? I don’t know. On the one hand, there are still benefits to a simple, clutter-free reading Bible. And when I want to do serious study, I have much more detailed commentaries on my shelves and on my Kindle. That said, a good study Bible is certainly one way to carry a mini library of scholarly study helps. Yet the NIVZSB is a bit too bulky for me to want to carry it to church regularly. (I tried it yesterday!) Since it is my only print NIV2011, I will probably use it from time to time at home. At minimum, I do plan to finish reading the remaining biblical theology essays. They are good!
Now it’s your turn. Do you use a study Bible? Which one? Why? Have you examined its theological commitments closely? Based on this review, would you rather own an ESVSB or an NIVZSB? Why? Share your perspectives in the comments below.
Disclosures: I received this book free from the publisher through the BookLook Bloggers <http://booklookbloggers.com> book review bloggers program. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 <http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/16cfr255_03.html> : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
I am a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.
-1 Corinthians 11:2-16-1 Corinthians 12-1 Corinthians 14:34-35-1 Corinthians 16:2-1 Corinthians 7:10-16-1 John 2:19-1 John 2:2-1 Peter 1:1-1 Thessalonians 5:15-1 Timothy 2:11-15-1 Timothy 2:4-1 Timothy 3:11-2 Peter 3:9-Acts 2:4-Colossians 2:16-17-Ephesians 1:3-5-Ephesians 5:21-33-Exodus 14-Exodus 20:8-11-Galatians 3:28-Galatians 4:10-Galatians 6:16-Genesis 1-2-Genesis 1:27-Genesis 2:15-16-Genesis 2:18-Genesis 3:16-Genesis 3:6-Genesis 3:9-Genesis 6-8-Genesis 6:15-Hebrews 3:14-Hebrews 6:4-6-Hebrews 7:25-Matthew 19:1-12-Matthew 24:29-51-Matthew 24:4-28-Matthew 5:31-32-Matthew 5:38-48-Revelation 1:10-Romans 1:26-27-Romans 11:26-Romans 12:14-21-Romans 13:1-7-Romans 14:5-Romans 16:1-Romans 3:24-Romans 6:19-Romans 7:13-25-Romans 7:7-12-Romans 8:29-30-Romans 9:6-29-Titus 2:11Andrew David NaselliBible translationsbiblical theologyBill Mouncechurch and IsraelCovenant Theological SeminarycreationD.A. CarsonDenver Seminarydivorce and remarriageDouglas J. MooelectionESV Study Bibleeternal securityfloodforeknowledgegender rolesgovernmentgracehomosexualityLord's DaymillenniummiraclesNIV Zondervan Study BiblenonresistancepredestinationRichard S. HessSabbathSam StormssanctificationsinSouthern Baptist Theological Seminaryspiritual giftsstudy BiblesT. Desmond AlexanderTrinity Evangelical Divinity SchoolWayne GrudemWheaton College
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Bolivian | Article about Bolivian by The Free Dictionary
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(bōlĭv`ēə, Span. bōlē`vyä), officially Plurinational State of Bolivia, republic (2015 est. pop. 10,725,000), 424,162 sq mi (1,098,581 sq km), W South America. One of the two inland countries of South America, Bolivia is shut in from the Pacific in the W by Chile and Peru; in the E and N it borders on Brazil, in the SE on Paraguay, and in the S on Argentina. SucreSucre,
city (1992 pop. 131,769), S central Bolivia, constitutional capital of Bolivia and capital of Chuquisaca dept. Since 1898, La Paz has been the administrative capital of Bolivia and the seat of the legislative and executive branches of government; Sucre is the seat of the
..... Click the link for more information. is the constitutional capital and seat of the judiciary, but La PazLa Paz
, city (1992 pop. 713,378), W Bolivia, administrative capital (since 1898) and largest city of Bolivia. The constitutional capital is Sucre. La Paz, the highest capital in the world, lies at an altitude of c.
..... Click the link for more information. is the largest city, political and commercial focus of the nation, and the administrative capital and seat of government.
Bolivia presents a sharp contrast between high, bleak mountains and plateaus in the west and lush, tropical rain forests in the east. In the southeast it merges into the semiarid plains of the Gran ChacoGran Chaco
or Chaco,
c.250,000 sq mi (647,500 sq km), extensive lowland plain, central South America. It is sparsely populated and is divided among Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. Some of the highest temperatures in the southern continent are reached there.
..... Click the link for more information. . The Andes mountain system reaches its greatest width in Bolivia. Two cordilleras, the western one tracing the border with Chile and the eastern running north and south across the center of the country, are divided by a high plateau (altiplanoaltiplano
, high plateau (alt. c.12,000 ft/3,660 m) in the Andes Mts., c.65,000 sq mi (168,350 sq km), W Bolivia, extending into S Peru. The altiplano is a sediment-filled depression between the Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Occidental.
..... Click the link for more information. ), most of it 12,000 ft (3,660 m) above sea level—barren, windswept, and segmented by mountain spurs.
Despite the harsh conditions the altiplano is the population center of Bolivia. Many sections for want of drainage have brackish lakes and salt beds, notably the extensive Salar de Uyuni (see Uyuni, Salar deUyuni, Salar de
, salt flats (c.4,250 sq mi/11,000 sq km), Potosí dept., SW Bolivia, in the altiplano. The Río Grande de Lípez flows into the flats in the southeast, and brine can cover portions of the salt flats during the rainy season.
..... Click the link for more information. ) in the south. In the north are Lake TiticacaTiticaca
, lake, c.3,200 sq mi (8,290 sq km), 110 mi (177 km) long, and c.900 ft (270 m) deep at at its deepest point, in the Andes Mts., on the Bolivia-Peru border; second largest freshwater lake in South America and the world's highest large lake (c.
..... Click the link for more information. , which Bolivia shares with Peru, and Lake PoopóPoopó
, salt lake, on the high plateau of W Bolivia. It is more than 11,000 ft (3,353 m) above sea level. Although it is Bolivia's second largest lake (965 sq mi/2,499 sq km) when water is plentiful, it is relatively shallow, averaging 10 ft (3 m) in depth, and can
..... Click the link for more information. . This region, world famous for its breathtaking scenery, was the home of one of the great pre-Columbian civilizations. Well known are the ruins of TiahuanacoTiahuanaco
, ancient native ruin, W Bolivia, 34 mi (55 km) S of Lake Titicaca on the Tiahuanaco R. in the S central Andes, near the Peruvian border; also called Tiwanaku or Tiahuanacu.
..... Click the link for more information. .
The eastern mountains, consisting of three major ranges, rise to the cold, forbidding heights of the Puna plateau (as high as 16,000 ft/4,880 m) and in the north to the snowcapped peaks of Illimani (21,184 ft/6,457 m) and Illampú (21,276 ft/6,485 m). In these mountains lies the source of the exploited wealth of Bolivia—its minerals. Tin is by far the most important product, but silver was once the chief metal, and tungsten, copper, wolframite, bismuth, antimony, zinc, lead, iron, and gold are also mined. The names of some mining towns, notably PotosíPotosí
, city (1992 pop. 112,078), capital of Potosí dept., S Bolivia, at the foot of one of the world's richest ore mountains. In the cold, bleak, high Andes at an altitude of c.13,780 ft (4,200 m), Potosí is one of the highest cities in the world.
..... Click the link for more information. and Oruro, are world famous.
From the mountains, headstreams cut eastward, carving deep gorges and fingerlike valleys. In these valleys are some of Bolivia's garden spots—Sucre, Cochabamba, and TarijaTarija
, city (1992 pop. 90,113), alt. 6,421 ft (1,957 m), capital of Tarija dept., S Bolivia. It was founded in 1574. Tarija lies in a fertile valley in the eastern watershed of the Andes near the oil fields of the Chaco.
..... Click the link for more information. . Santa Cruz de la SierraSanta Cruz de la Sierra
, city (1992 pop. 697,278), capital of Santa Cruz dept., central Bolivia, on the Piray River. A trade and processing center for sugar, rice, cotton, fruit, soy, and corn, it is of strategic and commercial importance because of its central location; there
..... Click the link for more information. and La PazLa Paz
..... Click the link for more information. are the two main cities of tropical Bolivia. In the eastern foothills headstreams gather to form the Beni, the Guaiporé, and the Mamoré (tributaries of the Madeira, in Brazil), which flow through the torrid, humid yungasyungas
, region of lowland valleys in the eastern piedmont of the Andes Mts., 5,000–8,000 ft (1,524–2,438 m) high, extending from the Peru-Bolivia border SE into central Bolivia. They receive excessive rainfall and are warm and humid.
..... Click the link for more information. , covered with dense rain forests, and inhabited mainly by indigenous South Americans. The region is the most fertile in the country, yielding cacao, coffee, and tropical fruits, and in the early 20th cent. was a major source of wild rubber and quinine. Some of the more accessible valleys, with luxuriant scenery and a pleasantly warm climate, have become popular Bolivian resort areas.
Of the indigenous people, about 30% are Quechua and 25% are Aymara, but the citizens of European descent (some 15% of the people) or mixed European and native ancestry (about 30% of the population) have historically maintained economic, political, and social hegemony, but this has been challenged by Evo Morales, who was elected president in 2005, and by the constitution adopted in 2009. Spanish and 36 indigenous languages including Aymara, Quechua, and Guaraní are all constitutionally recognized as official languages. A few indigenous groups have remained isolated from European culture. Most of the population is Roman Catholic, although many people of indigenous descent retain the substance of their pre-Christian beliefs. There is also an evangelical Protestant minority.
Despite the importance of its tin, silver, and other mines and its large reserves of natural gas and crude oil, Bolivia is one of the poorest nations in Latin America and still largely lives by a subsistence economy. A large part of the population makes its living from the growing of coca, the source of cocaine; it is typically grown largely legally for the leaves and products in which they are used, and illegally for cocaine. Soybeans, coffee, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, and potatoes are the other major crops; timber is also important. Industry is limited to mining and smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, and small-scale manufacturing. The tin industry has received increasing competition from SE Asia, and as a result several tin mines have closed. Although Bolivia has much hydroelectric potential, it is underutilized.
Bolivia's natural resources and agriculture furnish the bulk of its exports, with natural gas, soybeans, crude petroleum, zinc, and tin most important. Petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and parts, prepared foods, automobiles, and insecticides are important imports. Brazil, Argentina, the United States, and Peru are the chief trading partners. Bolivia is a member of the Andean Community, an economic organization of South American countries.
Bolivia, which has had more than 190 revolutions and coups since it became independent in 1825, is governed under the constitution of 2009. The head of state and of government is the president, who is elected to five-year term. The bicameral legislature, the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, consists of an upper Chamber of Senators and a lower Chamber of Deputies. The 36 senators and 130 deputies are all elected for five-year terms. Administratively, Bolivia is divided into nine departments.
The altiplano was a center of native life even before the days of the Inca; the region was the home of the great Tihuanaco empire. The AymaraAymara
, Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. had been absorbed into the Inca empire long before Gonzalo PizarroPizarro, Gonzalo
, c.1506–1548, Spanish conquistador, brother of Francisco Pizarro. A lieutenant of his brother in the conquest of Peru, Gonzalo aided in the defense of Cuzco (1536–37) against the Inca Manco Capac, subdued Charcas (present Bolivia), and fought
..... Click the link for more information. and Hernando PizarroPizarro, Hernando
, fl. 1530–60, Spanish conquistador, half-brother of Francisco Pizarro. Much older than his half-brothers, Francisco, Juan, and Gonzalo, and, unlike them, legitimate by birth and educated, Hernando accompanied Francisco from Spain in 1530.
..... Click the link for more information. began the Spanish conquest of the Inca in 1532. In 1538 the indigenous inhabitants in Bolivia were defeated.
Uninviting though the high, cold country was, it attracted the Spanish because of its rich silver mines, discovered as early as 1545. Exploiters poured in, bent on quick wealth. Forcing the natives to work the mines and the obrajes [textile mills] under duress, they remained indifferent to all development other than the construction of transportation facilities to remove the unearthed riches. Native laborers were also used on great landholdings. Thus began the system of plunder economy and social inequality that persisted in Bolivia until recent years. Economic development was further retarded by the rugged terrain, and conditions did not change when the region was made (1559) into the audiencia of CharcasCharcas
, Spanish colonial audiencia and presidency in South America, known also as Upper Peru and Chuquisaca. Charcas roughly corresponded to modern Bolivia but included parts of present Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Paraguay, encompassing a territorial expanse that led to
..... Click the link for more information. , which was attached until 1776 to the viceroyalty of Peru and later to the viceroyalty of La Plata.
Independence and the Nineteenth Century
The revolution against Spanish control came early, with an uprising in Chuquisaca in 1809, but Bolivia remained Spanish until the campaigns of José de San MartínSan Martín, José de
, 1778–1850, South American revolutionist, b. Yapeyú, in present-day Argentina. After service with the Spanish army in Europe, he returned (1812) to join the revolution against Spain in his native country.
..... Click the link for more information. and Simón BolívarBolívar, Simón
, 1783–1830, South American revolutionary who led independence wars in the present nations of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
..... Click the link for more information. . Independence was won with the victory (1824) at AyacuchoAyacucho
, city (1993 pop. 105,918), capital of Ayacucho dept., S central Peru. It is a commercial center in a rich mining region that produces gold, silver, and nickel. Agriculture and light industry are the mainstays of the economy.
..... Click the link for more information. of Antonio José de SucreSucre, Antonio José de
, 1795–1830, South American revolutionist, b. Cumaná, Venezuela. He joined (1811) the forces fighting for independence from Spain and rose to be the chief lieutenant of Simón Bolívar.
..... Click the link for more information. . After the formal proclamation of independence in 1825, Bolívar drew up (1826) a constitution for the new republic. The nation was named Bolivia, and Chuquisaca was renamed Sucre, after the revolutionary hero.
Bolivia inherited ambitions and extensive territorial claims that proved disastrous, leading to warfare and defeat. At the time of independence it had a seacoast, a portion of the Amazon basin, and claims to most of the Chaco; in little more than a century all these were lost. The strife-ridden internal history of Bolivia began when the first president, Sucre, was forced to resign in 1828. A steady stream of egocentric caudillos plagued Bolivia thereafter. Andrés Santa CruzSanta Cruz, Andrés
, 1792?–1865, president of Bolivia (1829–39). In 1820 he joined the revolutionists against Spain and, as Bolívar's chief of staff, participated in the decisive liberating battles of Junín and Ayacucho.
..... Click the link for more information. , desiring to reunite Bolivia and Peru, invaded Peru in 1836 and established a confederation, which three years later was destroyed on the battlefield of Yungay.
Although a few presidents, notably José BalliviánBallivián, José
, 1805–52, president of Bolivia (1841–47). An able military commander who had served in the war against Spain, Ballivián was proclaimed president after the breakup of the Peru-Bolivia confederation under Santa Cruz.
..... Click the link for more information. , made efforts to reform the administration and improve the economy, the temptation to wholesale corruption was always strong, and honest reform was hard to achieve. The nitrate deposits of AtacamaAtacama Desert
, arid region, c.600 mi (970 km) long, N Chile, extending south from the border of Peru. The desert itself, c.2,000 ft (610 m) above sea level, is a series of dry salt basins flanked on the W by the Pacific coastal range, averaging c.
..... Click the link for more information. proved valuable, but the mining concessions were given to Chileans. Trouble over them led (1879), during the administration of Hilarión DazaDaza, Hilarión
, 1840–94, president of Bolivia (1876–79). Entering the army, Daza rose rapidly in rank, chiefly through the favor of the notorious Mariano Melgarejo (1818–1871).
..... Click the link for more information. , to the War of the Pacific (see Pacific, War of thePacific, War of the,
1879–84, war between Chile and the allied nations, Peru and Bolivia; also called the Chile–Peruvian War. The trouble began when President Hilarión Daza of Bolivia rescinded (Feb.
..... Click the link for more information. ). As a result Bolivia lost Atacama to Chile, and no longer had direct access to the Pacific. The next serious loss was the little-known region of the Acre River, which had become valuable because of its wild rubber. After a bitter conflict, Bolivia, under President José Manuel PandoPando, José Manuel
, 1848?–1917, Bolivian statesman, president of Bolivia (1899–1904). He earned military fame in the War of the Pacific, and in 1898 he joined the revolutionary junta that overthrew the conservative regime in 1899.
..... Click the link for more information. , yielded the area to Brazil in 1903 for an indemnity.
Twentieth-Century Bolivia
Attempts at reorganization and reform, especially by Ismael MontesMontes, Ismael
, 1861–1933, Bolivian statesman, president of Bolivia (1904–9, 1913–17). He interrupted the study of law in 1879 to fight against Chile in the War of the Pacific.
..... Click the link for more information. , were overshadowed in the 20th cent. by military coups, rule of dictators, and bankruptcy. This repeated sequence led to an increase in foreign influence, through loans and interests in mines and oil fields. Attempts to raise Bolivia from its status as an underdeveloped country met with little success, although great personal fortunes were amassed from tin mining by tycoons such as Simón I. PatiñoPatiño, Simón Ituri
, 1868–1947, Bolivian capitalist. He owned rich tin mines in Bolivia and invested his enormous fortune, thought to have been among the world's largest, in other financial enterprises.
Conflicting claims to the Chaco, which was thought to be oil-rich, brought on yet another disastrous territorial war, this time with Paraguay (1932–35). The fighting ended in 1935 with both nations exhausted and Bolivia defeated and stripped of most of its claims in that area. Programs for curing the ills of the nation were hampered by military coups and countercoups. World War II proved a boon to the Bolivian economy by increasing demands for tin and wolframite. International pressure over pro-German elements in the government eventually forced Bolivia to break relations with the Axis and declare war (1943).
Rising prices aggravated the restiveness of the miners over miserable working conditions; strikes were brutally suppressed. The crisis reached a peak in Dec., 1943, when the nationalistic, pro-miner National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) engineered a successful revolt. The regime, however, was not recognized by other American nations (except Argentina) until 1944, when pro-Axis elements in the MNR were officially removed. In 1946 the leader of the MNR-backed government, Major Gualberto Villaroel, was lynched. The conservative government installed in 1947 was soon threatened by opposition from the MNR and the extreme left.
In the 1951 presidential elections Victor Paz EstenssoroPaz Estenssoro, Victor
, 1907–2001, president of Bolivia (1952–56, 1960–64, 1985–89). An attorney and economist born into a land-owning family, he was a founder (1941) of the moderate leftist National Revolutionary Movement (MNR).
..... Click the link for more information. , the MNR candidate, won a majority of the votes, but was prevented from taking office by a military junta. The MNR, with the aid of the national police (the carabineros) and of a militia recruited from miners and peasants, rebelled and took power. The revolutionary government proceeded to expropriate and nationalize the tin holdings of the huge Patiño, Hochschild, and Aramayo interests and inaugurated a program of agrarian reform. Civil rights and suffrage were extended to the indigenous people. Education, health, and construction projects were begun.
In 1956 the MNR candidate, Hernán Siles ZuazoSiles Zuazo, Hernán
, 1914–96, president of Bolivia (1956–60, 1982–85). The illegitimate son of Hernando Siles Reyes (president of Bolivia, 1926–30) and an attorney, he was founder of the pro-miner National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and a leader
..... Click the link for more information. won the presidential election, and in 1960 the MNR further consolidated its power with the reelection of Victor Paz Estenssoro. The United States, in spite of losses incurred by American investors, stepped up its program of technical and financial assistance, and Siles Zuazo temporarily succeeded in stemming inflation. But economic and political factors weakened the government, and the eruption of dissident splinter groups, some fostering acts of political terror, brought all attempts at further reform to a virtual halt.
In 1964 the government was overthrown by the military. A junta dominated by Gen. René Barrientos OrtuñoBarrientos Ortuño, René
, 1919–69, Bolivian political leader. Commander of the Bolivian air force, he supported the National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), the majority political party, and was elected vice president in 1964 on the MNR ticket.
..... Click the link for more information. assumed power. The regime used troops to occupy the mines but did not rescind the important reforms of the MNR. Barrientos was elected president in 1966. A radical guerrilla movement, led by the Cuban Ernesto "Che" GuevaraGuevara, Che
(Ernesto Guevara) , 1928–67, Cuban revolutionary and political leader, b. Argentina. Trained as a physician at the Univ. of Buenos Aires, he took part (1952) in riots against the dictator Juan Perón in Argentina, joined agitators in Bolivia, and worked
..... Click the link for more information. , was set back seriously when government troops killed Guevara in 1967. Barrientos died in 1969; his successor, Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, was overthrown by Gen. Alfredo Ovando Candia. Ovando nationalized the Gulf Oil Company facilities in Bolivia.
A rightist military junta overthrew Ovando in 1970 but lasted only one day, succumbing to a leftist coup led by Gen. Juan José Torres. Under Torres relations with the Soviet Union, which had been established by Ovando, became closer, to the detriment of ties with the United States. Torres was overthrown in 1971 by Col. Hugo Banzer Suárez, who was supported by both the MNR and its traditional rightist opponent, the Bolivian Socialist Falange. Banzer closed the universities, arrested opposition politicians, and returned Bolivia to a pro-U.S. foreign policy. In 1974 an all-military cabinet was installed. Banzer was forced to resign in 1978 by the military, which soon gained control of the government and imposed martial law.
Civilian rule and democratic government were restored in 1982, when Siles Zuazo again became president. He served from 1982 to 1985, when he was succeeded by Victor Paz Estenssoro. During the 1980s, hyperinflation and labor unrest led to internal disturbances, which were intensified by government austerity programs. The government, however, made progress in its efforts to suppress the drug trade. Jaime Paz Zamora succeeded Paz Estenssoro as president in 1989. In the early 1990s the government offered tax incentives to attract foreign investment in the mining industry.
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a mining entrepreneur and former planning minister, was elected president in 1993. He pursued a policy of privatization and continued the free-market reforms begun in the late 1980s. He also launched a social security program and granted greater autonomy and more resources to poor urban and indigenous communities. In 1997, Hugo Banzer Suárez once again came to power, this time through democratic elections. He continued his predecessor's reform programs and pursued an aggressive coca-eradication and alternative-crop program. The government's antidrug programs led to economic difficulties in some regions in Bolivia, which resulted in protests and clashes and the temporary declaration of a state of emergency in Apr., 2000. Protests again in September–October paralyzed the economy, forcing Banzer's government to grant economic concessions to indigenous groups, although it refused to alter its plans to end illegal coca production.
In Aug., 2000, illness led Banzer to resign the presidency; the vice president, Jorge Fernando Quiroga Ramírez succeeded him. After a close election in June, 2002, in which no presidential candidate won 50% of the vote, the congress elected former president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, who had won a plurality. The country's economic difficulties and anti-coca campaign led to increasing political assertiveness by persons of indigenous descent; roughly 60% of Bolivians lived in poverty at the beginning of 2003. Proposed tax increases, which were designed to reduce government deficits to the level demanded by the International Monetary Fund, sparked protests in La Paz (Feb., 2003) that turned violent and forced the president to flee the presidential palace.
Plans to export natural gas led to new demonstrations against the government beginning in Sept., 2003. As the demonstrations grew and led to violence in October, the government lost support in Congress and the president resigned and went into exile. Vice President Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert, a former journalist, succeeded to the presidency, and subsequently won approval for exporting natural gas in a July, 2004, referendum. However, increases in fuel prices, autonomy for Santa Cruz prov., and other issues sparked a series of demonstrations in early 2005 that threatened to plunge Bolivia into chaos. Mesa offered some concessions, but when some of the protests continued he offered to resign (Mar., 2005). Congress rejected his resignation, and Mesa, who remained popular with many Bolivians, attempt to rally his supporters.
Passage in May of an oil and gas taxation law, which became law without Mesa's signature when he failed to veto it as he had said he would, led to protests by labor and indigenous groups, who demanded the industry be nationalized, and unsettled the oil-rich south and east. Continuing demonstrations by supporters of nationalization and roadblocks that isolated Bolivia's major cities led Mesa to resign in June; Supreme Court president Eduardo Rodgríguez Veltzé became interim president. In July the congress scheduled new presidential and congressional elections for December, and also approved calling a constitutional assembly and holding a referendum on greater autonomy for Bolivia's departments. The December elections resulted in a solid victory for oppostion leader Evo MoralesMorales, Evo
(Juan Evo Morales Ayma) , 1959–, Bolivian political leader, president of Bolivia (2006–). An Aymara, he became a coca farmer when his family moved to Boliva's lowlands.
..... Click the link for more information. and his Movement toward Socialism (MAS). Morales, an opponent of the coca-eradication program, became the first Bolivian of indigenous birth to be elected president. The election also marked the beginning of increasing polarization between supporters of Morales, largely of indigenous descent and inhabitants of Bolivia's poorer western highlands, and his conservative opponents, largely of European descent and inhabitants of the wealthier eastern lowlands.
In May, 2006, Morales moved to nationalize the natural gas and oil industry, sparking anxieties in Argentina and Brazil, countries that were largely supportive of his presidency but were also Bolivia's major natural gas customers and investors. In August, however, the nationalization process was temporarily suspended because of a lack of resources on the part of Bolivia's state energy company. A move in September to nationalize Brazilian-owned oil and gas refineries without compensation was suspended after Brazil's government protested, but the refineries were sold to Bolivia in June, 2007. In Oct., 2006, the government signed new agreements with the foreign energy companies. The nationalizations, while increasing government development funds in subsequent years, also led Argentina and Brazil to proceed with energy projects that would reduce their dependence on Bolivia.
Meanwhile, in June, 2006, the government began a land redistribution program, which met with resistance from landowners in E Bolivia. despite the fact that, at least initially, only government-owned land was involved; subsequent attempts to expand the program were stymied in Congress until late in 2006, but even then the program's passage depended on questionable votes by two senators' assistants. Also in June plans were announced to reassert government control over telecommunications, electric, and rail companies that previously had been privatized. Morales also formed a close relationship with the like-minded president of Venezuela, Hugo ChávezChávez Frías, Hugo Rafael
, 1954–2013, Venezuelan political leader, president of Venezuela (1999–2013). Raised in poverty, he was educated at the Military Academy of Venezuela (grad. 1975).
..... Click the link for more information. , who offered financial aid to (and later, military support for) Morales's government.
The July constitutional assembly balloting gave the MAS a majority of seats in the body but not the two-thirds majority required to enact constitutional changes freely, and subsequent attempts to limit the two-thirds requirement only to final approval of a new constitution provoked anti- and progovernment demonstrations. The referendum on increased autonomy for Bolivia's departments, voted on at the same time, failed to win a national majority, but four departments voted for it. The Morales government was also subjected to strikes and blockages by opponents of its policies and by supporters angered over unmet expectations.
In Jan., 2007, there were violent demonstrations in Cochabamba against the governor, who had denounced Morales and supported increased autonomy for the departments, and clashes between supporters of both men. The government announced in 2007 that it planned to extend its nationalizations to the mining and telecommunications industries and to the railways, and it later moved to nationalize the largest private electricity companies (2010–12) and three Spanish-owned airports (2013). By late 2007 the constitutional assembly had failed to deliver a new constitution on time and had its deadline extended; a number of divisive issues frustrated its work, including the status of Sucre as the capital and land reform.
The approval (Nov.–Dec., 2007) of a draft constitution without the presence of opposition constitutional assembly members sparked sometimes violent protests and led four departments to declare themselves autonomous, but Morales and the governors subsequently agreed to negotiations concerning the constitution. In late Feb., 2008, however, the Congress approved a national referendum on the new constitution, setting it for May 4; the vote was taken largely in the absence of opposition legislators. The National Electoral Court subsequently ruled that the referendum date failed to meet the constitutional requirement that it be set at least 90 days after congressional approval.
In May–June, four eastern departments voted for autonomy in referendums rejected by Morales; the governors of those departments and a fifth subsequently rejected Morales's call for a recall vote on himself, the vice president, and all the governors. The recall referendum was nonetheless held in Aug., 2008, and Morales and most of the opposition governors were returned to office. Turmoil continued as the country remained polarized; demonstrations increased with violence on both sides and relations with the United States also worsened sharply. In October, however, an agreement was reached, setting a constitutional referendum for Jan., 2009, with new elections the following December. As part of the agreement, Morales agreed to seek only one additional term as president; the constitution was approved by a substantial majority, but failed to win majorities in the eastern departments. In the 2009 elections Morales was easily reelected, and his MAS secured control of both houses of the legislative assembly. Manfred Reyes Villa, Morales's opponent, was subsequently charged with election fraud; he accused the government of political prosecution and fled the country. In the Apr., 2010, regional and local elections MAS won six of nine department governorships but won the mayoralties of only two department capitals. The MAS subsequently used a new law that allowed for removal of an officeholder who had been charged with (but not convicted of) a crime to oust a number of prominent opponents, including a governor, from office.
Morales faced a number of protests from his ostensible supporters in the second half of 2010, including a nearly three-week-long one in Potosí in July–August involving a range of local demands. After subsidized fuel prices were nearly doubled in late December, protests and strikes forced the government to rescind the increases after less than a week. Antigovernment protests and union strikes recurred in 2011 and 2012, including one that forced the government to suspend constructing a road through an Amazon reserve.
In Apr., 2013, the constitutional court ruled that the presidential two-term limit did not apply to Morales's term before the 2009 constitution was adopted and he could run again. In Oct., 2014, elections, Morales easily won reelection, and MAS again won control of both houses of the legislative assembly despite losing a few seats. In the Mar. and May, 2015, regional elections, however, MAS suffered losses in its share of the vote and in the regional posts it controlled. A constitutional amendment that would have permitted Morales to run for a fourth term was rejected in a referendum in Feb., 2016, but in Nov., 2017, the constitutional court set aside the result, saying that term limits violated voters' and candidates' human rights and that an illegal defamatory campaign against Morales had influenced the vote.
See H. Osborne, Bolivia: A Land Divided (3d ed. 1964); W. E. Carter, Bolivia: A Profile (1971); J. V. Fifer, Bolivia: Land, Location, and Politics Since 1825 (1972); D. B. Heat, Historical Dictionary of Bolivia (1972); H. S. Klein, Bolivia: The Evolution of a Multi-Ethnic Society (1982); J. Dunkerley, Rebellion in the Veins: Political Struggle in Bolivia, 1952–82 (1984).
Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia).
Bolivia is located in the central part of South America. It borders Brazil on the north and northeast, Paraguay on the southeast, Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the southwest and west. Its area is 1,098,600 km, and its population is 4.8 million (1969 estimate). Under the constitution, its capital is Sucre; for all practical purposes, it is La Paz. Administratively, the country is divided (1969) into nine departments (see Table 1).
Table 1. Administrative divisions of Bolivia
Area (sq km)
Population (1968 esyimate)
Administrative center
Chuquisaca ........ 51,500 438,600 Sucre
Cochabamba 55,600 760,400 Cochabamba
El Beni ........ 213,600 185,800 Trinidad
La Paz ........ 134,000 1,470,300 La Paz
Oruro ........ 53,600 326,000 Oruro
Pando ........ 63,800 30,700 Cobija
Potosí ........ 118,200 828,500 Potost
Santa Cruz ........ 370,600 443,500 Santa Cruz
Tarija ........ 37,600 196,600 Tarija
Bolivia is a republic. The constitution presently in effect was adopted in 1967. The head of state and of the government is the president, who is elected by direct popular vote for a four-year term. (He can be reelected for the succeeding term.) The vice-president is elected at the same time as the president. The president appoints and replaces ministers; he is the supreme commander in chief of the armed forces and has the right of state patronage over the church. The members of the government—the ministers—form the Council of Ministers. Legislative authority is exercised by parliament—the National Congress—which consists of two chambers: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. In the departments, the administration is headed by prefects and in the municipalities, by alcaldes; they are appointed by the president. There are elected municipal councils.
The judicial system of Bolivia comprises the Supreme Court, superior district courts, and district courts. The attorney general, to whom the Ministry of Justice is subordinate, is appointed by the president.
N. N. RAZUMOVICH
Terrain. Bolivia is situated in the subequatorial and tropical belts. It occupies most of the eastern part of the Cordillera Central of the Andes in the west and vast plains in the east, which differ sharply in their natural conditions. The Andes consist of a high plateau (about 4,000 m)—the Altiplano (or Puna)—which lies between the extreme chains of the Cordilleras and is almost devoid of external drainage. In the Altiplano, lava plateaus are distinguished in the northwest and basins of elevations up to 3,800 m in the southeast with residual lakes (Poopó) and salt marshes (Coipasa, Uyuni, and others); part of Lake Titicaca lies within Bolivia in the Altiplano’s extreme northeast. In the west, the Altiplano is framed by the volcanic Cordillera Occidental (Mount Sajama, 6,780 m) and in the east, by the Cordillera Real and its extension, the Cordillera Central. Deep canyons and basins of the upper reaches of the Beni and Mamoré rivers in the northeast and the Pilcomayo and Bermejo rivers in the southeast separate these mountain ranges from the Cordillera Oriental, which rises to 4,051 m. In the northeast, the plains are irrigated by the dense network of the Beni-Mamoré river system; they gradually slope down toward the Amazon basin.
E. N. LUKASHOVA
Geological structure and mineral resources. Situated in Bolivia, from east to west, are the eastern outskirts of the Brazilian Platform, the Pre-Andean foredeep (the Beni-Chaco plains), and the fold belt of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental of the Andes and the Altiplano. Precambrian gneiss of the Brazilian Platform’s fundament are covered by Ordovician and Devonian shales and aleurites and continental Permian sandstones. Toward the west, these rocks submerge under marine and continental Mesozoic sandstones and coarsely broken continental Cenozoic molasses of the Pre-Andean foredeep. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and to some extent Paleozoic rocks in the extreme western part of the foredeep (in the subandean Cordillera) are crushed in folds and form displaced scales. The Cordillera Central is formed primarily of marine and glacial Paleozoic rocks, broken by Mesozoic and Cenozoic intrusive granites and dacites. In the west, between the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental, the narrow, deep Cenozoic graben of the Altiplano is observed; it is filled with continental terrigenous deposits of the Cenozoic. Late Paleozoic (Lower Permian), Laramide (Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene), and Andean (Miocene) tectonic movements are most clearly expressed in the fold belt of the Andes. The intrusion of quartz monzonites and dacites within the Cordillera Central and Altiplano is connected with the latter tectonic movements. Abundant deposits of tin ore containing tin and other valuable components in the Cordillera Central are associated with these intrusions. Total tin reserves are estimated at 1.2 million tons (1968). There are deposits of virgin copper as well as zinc, lead, and silver in the Altiplano. Deposits of oil are concentrated in the Pre-Andean foredeep.
N. A. BOGDANOV
Climate. The Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental lie in a region of tropical high-mountain climate that is semidesert in the west (annual precipitation less than 150 mm) and less arid in the east (annual precipitation of 500–600 mm). The average July temperature in the Altiplano varies from 3° to 7° C and the January temperature, from 9° to 11° C; the daily temperature fluctuates as much as 40°-50° C. Very strong winds and rapid changes in the weather are characteristic. Typical high-altitude climate zones are clearly delineated on the eastern slopes of the Andes; precipitation reaches 2,000 mm per year. The Cordillera Real’s snow line falls to 4,850 m; its crest is covered with thick snows and mighty glaciers. The eastern plains have a subequatorial climate with a dry season of up to 4–5 months in the north; in the south, the climate is tropical, with droughts of up to nine months. The average July temperature varies from 17° to 22° C; annual precipitation is between 1,300 and 1,600 mm in the north and up to 800 mm in the south.
Rivers and lakes. In the west of Bolivia the river network is part of the basin of interior flow of the Altiplano and in the east, of the basin of the Atlantic Ocean. The rivers that flow down the slopes of the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Oriental discharge into Lakes Titicaca and Poopó. They are small but turbulent and flow in deep channels. Only one river—the Desaguadero—flows out of Lake Titicaca. Large, deep rivers flow through the north of the country—the Beni, Mamoré, and Guaporé; they merge to form the Madeira River, the largest tributary of the Amazon. During periods of tropical downpours, the rivers overflow tremendously, submerging large areas (up to 120,000 sq km). Owing to the very dry climate in the eastern part of the country, south of 17° S lat., only the Pilcomayo (a tributary of the Paraguay) and Parapeti rivers emerge from the mountains; the others dry up in debris cones.
Soil and flora. In the west, puna-type semidesert vegetation is prevalent and in the east, high-altitude tropical steppe (jalga) growing on mountain-steppe soils. The eastern slopes of the Andes are covered by perpetually humid forests and the southern, by variably humid forests, both on lateritic soils. Forests occupy over 40 percent of Bolivia’s area. Valuable varieties of trees abound; however, the forests are not extensively exploited owing to the lack of roads. The main type of vegetation on the eastern plains in the north is savanna growing on red soils; it gives way to tropical rain forests in the north and to tropical, partly swamped, sparse forests growing on red-brown soils in the south.
Fauna. The eastern part of Bolivia is characterized by monkeys, armadillos, tapirs, and rodents; there are many birds, reptiles, and insects. The Altiplano is inhabited by wild and domestic llama and mountain rodents; there are numerous waterfowl.
Natural regions. Three main natural regions are distinguished—the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental, which are located in a region of tropical, high-altitude climate; the eastern slopes of the Andes, with clearly delineated high-altitude zones of climate, soil, and flora; and the eastern plains.
Gozhev, A. D. luzhnaia Amerika: Fiziko-geograficheskaia kharakteristika. Moscow, 1948.
James, P. Latinskaia Amerika. Moscow, 1949. (Translated from English.)
Lukashova, E. N. luzhnaia Amerika. Moscow, 1958.
About two-thirds of Bolivia’s population consists of the major Indian groups—the Quechuas and Aymarás—who inhabit the Altiplano and the high-altitude valleys. Spanishspeaking Bolivians, primarily mestizos (the so-called cholos) and to some extent Creoles of Spanish descent, predominate in the cities and lowlands. About 100,000 so-called forest Indians of different tribes (the Tupí-Guaraní, Arawakaní, Mataco-Mataguayo, and other language groups) live in the tropical forests of the country’s east. The state language is Spanish; a considerable portion of the population speaks Quechua, Aymará, and Guaraní. The official religion is Catholicism; vestiges of pre-Christian beliefs survive among the Indians. The official calendar is Gregorian.
Bolivia’s population increases by natural growth; immigration to Bolivia is virtually nonexistent. Between 1963 and 1968 the population increased at a rate of 2.6 percent a year. The economically active population (1968) totals 1.8 million, of which 66 percent is involved in agriculture and fishing, 2.6 percent in the mining industry, 8 percent in the manufacturing industry, 7.7 percent in construction, 2.7 percent in transportation, and 13 percent in services and other branches. The average density is over four people per sq km (1969). About 80 percent of the population lives in the west—the Altiplano and the eastern slopes of the Andes—where the most densely populated department is Cochabamba, with a density of 12 persons per sq km. (The average density in these regions is seven persons per sq km.) The northern and eastern regions have a density of one person per 8 sq km. Urban dwellers constitute 35 percent (1968) of the total population. La Paz, Cochabamba, Oruro, Potosí, Santa Cruz, and Sucre are the major cities.
M. IA. BERZINA and A. A. DOLININ
Before the 16th century. The territory of Bolivia was settled from earliest times by the Aymará, Quechua, and other Indian tribes during their primitive communal stage of development. In the early 14th century, these tribes were subjugated by the Incas. The Inca state was conquered by the Spanish conquistadores between 1532 and 1538. As a result of the Spanish conquest, the independent development of the Indian tribes was forcibly interrupted, and millions of Indians were exterminated.
The colonial period (early 16th to early 19th centuries). For nearly 300 years the territory of Bolivia was a constituent part of the Spanish colonial empire (from 1542, part of the viceroyalty of Peru and from 1776, part of the viceroyalty of La Plata) and bore the name of Upper Peru. Throughout the entire colonial period, and especially during the 16th and 17th centuries, Upper Peru was one of the main economic centers of the Spanish colonial empire in South America. At that time, the silver mines in Potosí were the largest in the world. Indian mitayos toiled in the mines, serving as labor conscripts. More than half of the lands in Upper Peru were distributed as encomiendas by the royal government of Spain to Spanish colonists. Indians bore numerous obligations which benefited the owners of encomiendas—the encomienderos. Socioeconomic relations in Upper Peru constituted an interlacing of slave and feudal-serf forms of exploitation. The Indians struggled stubbornly against colonial enslavement. The largest manifestation was the uprising of 1780–81 under the leadership of the Catari brothers; however, it, like all the other Indian actions, was cruelly suppressed.
War for independence (1809–25). The war for independence was an important revolutionary stage in Bolivia’s history. The independence movement was headed by patrioticminded circles of the Creole landowning nobility and incipient commercial bourgeoisie and by the progressive intelligentsia. The war for independence in Upper Peru began with the uprising in Chuquisaca that erupted on May 25, 1809. There were also anti-Spanish uprisings in Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, and other cities. One of the prominent leaders of the liberation movement in Bolivia was P. D. Murillo, chairman of the Revolutionary Junta; he was executed after the suppression of the uprising that began in La Paz in July 1809. The colonizers’ position was more stable in Upper Peru than in other regions of the viceroyalty of La Plata, and only in December 1824 did the liberation army commanded by General Sucre—a fellow fighter of S. Bolívar—win a decisive victory at Ayacucho and crush the Spanish forces. In August 1825 a congress in Chuquisaca proclaimed the creation of the sovereign, independent republic of Bolivia (named in honor of Bolívar).
The formation and development of the independent state (until 1918). When its political independence was proclaimed, Bolivia was a backward, agricultural country with a primitive mining industry (silver mines). Precapitalist methods of exploitation were dominant in the rural areas; all land was essentially in the hands of large latifundistas. Wealthy landowners and merchants played the main role in the political life of the country. Capitalist relations developed very slowly because of the backwardness of agriculture, the economic disconnectedness of the country, and the narrowness of the internal market. Only the mining industry saw some progress; however, it too declined toward the end of the colonial period because of the low economic effectiveness of slave labor. In the middle of the 19th century the mining industry began to revive because of the introduction of the use of hired labor. A considerable portion of the industry was controlled by British companies, which had received concessions to exploit the mines. The uneven economic development of different regions of the country served as the stimulus for the intense struggle for power between the unitarians, representing the commercial and mining bourgeoisie, and the federalists, composed essentially of the landed oligarchy. These forces backed the parties of liberals and conservatives, respectively, which formed in the 1880’s. Their struggle for power ended in a liberal victory.
In 1879, Bolivia and Peru were drawn by British capital into the War of the Pacific (1879–83) against Chile. As a result of this war, Bolivia lost part of the Atacama Desert (rich in nitrates) and thus access to the Pacific Ocean. The penetration of Bolivia by foreign capital intensified in the last third of the 19th century as a result of the discovery and exploitation of rich reserves of tin on Bolivian territory. The first large investments were made in 1913 by American companies. Foreign financial capital retarded the development of the national economy and changed its structure. Bolivia, in effect, was turned into a supplier of tin (70–75 percent of Bolivia’s exports), antimony, and other minerals for the world market.
During World War I (1914–18), Bolivia maintained neutrality (in April 1917 it broke off diplomatic relations with Germany), although its economic resources were placed in the service of the Entente states. Foreign capital investment in Bolivia increased considerably during the war, and exports of tin, copper, antimony, tungsten, and bismuth rose sharply. Bolivia became a country with an export economy, initially dependent on British and then on North American imperialism, following the development of tin mining and the country’s inclusion in the world market. The economic boom led to the growth of a national bourgeoisie and working class and to the aggravation of social contradictions.
Recent history. Under the influence of the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia and the development of the class struggle in Latin America, Bolivia experienced an upsurge in the anti-imperialist mass movement in the early 1920’s. The creation of the first Communist groups dates to the 1920’s; however, they were destroyed in the struggle against Bolivian reactionary forces. In 1924 there was a massacre of miners at the Patino mines. The first all-Bolivian workers’ congress, at which the National Confederation of Workers of Bolivia was created, was held in 1925. By the end of the 1920’s, the confederation had united five departmental federations: La Paz, Potosí, Oruro, Sucre, and Cochabamba. In 1920 the Republican Party (founded in 1914), which expressed the interests of those strata of the bourgeoisie and landlord class that were oriented toward the USA, came to power. The USA’s influence on Bolivia continued to rise in the 1920’s. Between 1917 and 1928 the USA granted Bolivia four loans for a total of $68.4 million, obtaining in exchange the right to control all customs houses, the National Bank of Bolivia, and the collection and expenditure of the tax from the liquor and tobacco monopolies. By 1928, USA investment had risen by a factor of 11 in comparison with 1912. British capital was increasingly losing its position. A number of American companies obtained concessions for the extraction of lead, copper, antimony, tungsten, and oil. The total amount of USA capital investment in the exploitation of Bolivia’s mineral resources reached $133 million by 1929. During the world economic crisis of 1929–33, Bolivia’s economy underwent a serious decline; unemployment increased sharply, and thousands of Indian peasants died of hunger and disease. All this aggravated the class struggle. An uprising of workers, peasants, and the urban petite bourgeoisie broke out in the south in June 1930. The major demands of the rebels were the expropriation of foreign company-owned property and the cancellation of foreign debts. The uprising was supported by students’ and workers’ actions in La Paz.
In 1932, Bolivia was drawn into a war against Paraguay over the oil-bearing region of Chaco Boreal (Chaco War of 1932–35). The war had actually been unleashed by two groups of monopolies—the American group, which stood behind Bolivia, and the British group, upon which Paraguay was dependent. It ended in the defeat of Bolivia, which lost two-thirds of the disputed territory. This aggravated the social and political contradictions in Bolivia. The series of state coups that followed the war was a manifestation of the sociopolitical crisis that the country was undergoing. Under pressure from the masses, the government of Colonel Toro—hero of the Chaco War—in 1937 proclaimed the confiscation of the property of the American company Standard Oil. Monopoly rights for prospecting and drilling oil were given to a state oil company. The movement to confiscate national resources from the foreign monopolies expanded in Bolivia. The most influential workers’ organization at the end of the 1930’s was the Trade Union Confederation of Workers of Bolivia (founded 1936); in 1938 it numbered about 70,000 people.
Bolivia’s participation in World War II (1939–45) was merely formal. In 1942 it broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan and in April 1943 declared war on them. At the start of 1942 the Bolivian government paid the Standard Oil trust $ 17 million as compensation for the property confiscated in 1937. The pro-American policies of the Bolivian government evoked growing resistance among the working people. A strike against the exploitation of miners and the administration’s abuses broke out in 1942 at the Patin̄o mines; it was harshly suppressed by the government. The Revolutionary Party of the Left (founded 1940) and the party of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR, founded 1941) were created amid universal indignation with the policies of the reactionary ruling groups. The local manufacturing industry in Bolivia was developed to some extent as a result of severed trade relations with Western Europe during World War II. This somewhat strengthened the position of the national bourgeoisie and aggravated its contradictions with USA imperialist circles. G. Villarroél’s government, which was in power from 1943 to 1946, carried out highly contradictory policies, since the cabinet included representatives of both the reactionary military clique and the nationalistically inclined bourgeoisie. In July 1946, Villarroél was killed and power was seized by a military junta. E. Hertzog, candidate of the bourgeois-landlord Socialist Republican Union Party (founded 1946), became president in January 1947. In foreign policy he was oriented toward the USA; domestically he continued the policy of suppressing the class struggle of the working people. However, the struggle of the masses was intensifying. During 1947–48 there were peasant uprisings and in 1949–50, mining workers’ strikes. The Communist Party of Bolivia was formed in January 1950; however, it was immediately banned and went underground. In the 1951 presidential elections, the MNR candidate, Paz Estenssoro, obtained a majority of votes offering a program of radical socioeconomic reforms. However, the reactionary forces of Bolivia prevented him from fulfilling his presidential duties. The junta that came to power introduced martial law and prohibited strikes and demonstrations.
The situation in Bolivia became extremely strained by early 1952. The reactionary policies of the local oligarchy provoked a revolutionary outburst. A popular uprising erupted on Apr. 9,1952, signifying the beginning of the antiimperialist, antifeudal revolution. After a three-day battle, the popular masses overthrew the government of the landlords and large mineowners who were allied with foreign imperialism. The MNR, which represented the interests of the petite-bourgeoisie and middle strata of the population, came to power. Taking into account the mood of the masses and attempting to overcome the country’s economic backwardness, the government of President Paz Estenssoro (1952–56) strove to implement a number of bourgeoisdemocratic reforms and also to strengthen the state sector. In October 1952 a decree was issued nationalizing (with the payment of compensation) the tin mines that produced up to 80 percent of the country’s tin and belonged to the three largest tin magnates—Patino, Hochschild, and Aramayo—who were allied with foreign monopolies. Universal suffrage was introduced, a national program for the liquidation of illiteracy adopted, the old army liquidated, and a workers’ and peasants’ militia established. In 1952 the trade unions of Bolivia united to form the Bolivian Workers’ Center (Central Obrera Boliviana). A law on agrarian reform was adopted in 1953 according to which a considerable portion of the land of the large latifundistas was to be redistributed among the peasants (see below: Economic geography). All these measures testified to the important strides that were made in Bolivia’s socioeconomic and political development. The country was boycotted by the imperialist circles of the USA. The American government refused to buy tin, curtailed its imports of zinc and lead from Bolivia by 20 percent, stopped the delivery of mining equipment to Bolivia, and so forth. Under pressure from foreign imperialism and domestic reaction, the MNR government, particularly under president H. Siles Zuazo (1956–60), began to act indecisively and contradictorily; it gradually retreated from the fulfillment of the general democratic tasks. The adoption of an oil code in 1955, which established a number of privileges for foreign companies, and of the plan for the “stabilization of currency” (1956) were evidence of this. Between 1956 and 1958, American monopolies obtained oil concessions covering an area of more than 11 million hectares (ha). The working class resolutely protested the policies that made the country more and more dependent on the USA. In 1958–59 there were mass popular demonstrations against the expansion of American imperialism. The discontent of the masses increased as a result of the sharp deterioration of their economic condition. In 1959 alone, 1,272 strikes were officially recorded.
In June 1960, Paz Estenssoro was again elected president. In his preelection statement he promised that his government would serve the national interests of the country. However, in implementing a program of stabilizing the economy, the government froze wages and resorted to mass dismissals of miners and the curtailment of appropriations for social and economic needs. The new government began to implement the previous policy of extensive enlistment of foreign capital. For all intents and purposes, the plan for reorganizing nationalized tin mines with the aid of the USA, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Inter-American Development Bank, which was adopted in 1960, aimed at curtailing the state sector in the mining industry. At the conference of the Organization of American States, held in Costa Rica in August 1960, Bolivia supported the anti-Cuban position of the USA. A new wave of strikes swept over the country. Class battles attained maximum scope in 1961. Workers demanded that the MNR government carry out its preelection promises of improving economic conditions, ending USA interference in the country’s domestic affairs, and expanding ties with socialist countries. In its attempt to suppress the strike movement, the government introduced a state of siege, arrested a number of leftist professional and political figures, and fired on demonstrators. The struggle of the working people unfolded with still greater force. The movement of solidarity with the Cuban Revolution attained a mass scale. Continuing to intensify the persecution of progressive forces, the government in October 1963 arrested a number of leaders of the Communist Party of Bolivia. At the same time, contradictions within the ruling circles grew. The government experienced two crises in 1963. Despite the fact that Paz Estenssoro was reelected president in 1964, his prestige in the country had been greatly undermined. The elections were boycotted by both leftist and rightist parties. The latter considered the MNR government to be insufficiently decisive in the struggle against the popular masses. Under pressure from the reactionary forces, the MNR government broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba in August 1964, ordered that student demonstrations in La Paz and workers’ actions in Oruro, La Paz, Sucre, and other cities be fired upon, and introduced a state of emergency in the country. Paz Estenssoro permanently lost the support of the working masses, at the same time failing to win the support of rightwing forces. He was overthrown in November 1964.
A military junta led by General R. Barrientos Ortunáo came to power. A few months later, the junta still further increased repression against the working masses. In May and September 1965 it instituted a state of emergency in La Paz and the country’s mining regions (Oruro, Cochabamba, and other areas); it repeatedly postponed elections set for September 1965. In its foreign policy, the junta was totally oriented toward the USA. The struggle of the working people against the reactionary policies of the military junta acquired a mass character, and in May 1965 there was a general strike. Attempting to split the oppositional forces and simultaneously lend the appearance of constitutionality to the military regime, the junta proceeded to hold presidential elections. In July 1966, Barrientos was elected president of Bolivia. The elections, however, did not end the sharp political struggle. Mass antigovernment actions took place once more in September 1966. The situation continued to worsen. In March 1967 clashes began between government forces and the group of partisans led by E. Guevara, who had come to Bolivia. Political differences among the various groups that supported the government continued to increase. It was in this context that a critical governmental crisis developed in August 1967. The Barrientos government, which expressed the interests of the bourgeois strata allied with North American imperialism, relied on the support of the army command. In October 1967 the government crushed Guevara’s detachment with the active aid of the USA Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The government’s attempts to improve the economic situation by lowering wages, dismissing miners, and refusing to satisfy the economic demands of the other strata of workers were not effective; the country’s foreign debt continued to grow, and spending invariably exceeded income. Antigovernment actions did not cease despite the fact that the organized workers’ movement was split and troops had been brought into miners’ settlements. Student riots and teachers’ strikes broke out repeatedly in 1968–69. The government resorted to mass arrests of oppositional political figures and the dispersal of demonstrations. Constitutional rights were periodically abolished and states of emergency instituted under pretexts of discovering “conspiracies.” In July-August 1968 the Barrientos regime with difficulty overcame the political crisis that broke out as a result of the minister of internal affairs Arguedas’ flight from the country. Arguedas had exposed and denounced the interference of the CIA in Bolivia’s internal affairs. Barrientos died in an air crash in April 1969. The presidency was taken over by vice-president L. A. Siles Salinas, who implemented the same policy as his predecessor. The domestic political situation in Bolivia became even more aggravated. Amid these conditions, the army command led by General A. Ovando Candia removed Siles Salinas from power in September 1969. Ovando’s government proclaimed the abolition of the oil code that had been forced on Bolivia by American monopolies; it also abolished the antidemocratic and antitrade union decrees adopted under Barrientos. In October 1969 a decree nationalizing (with the payment of compensation) the property of the American oil company Bolivian Gulf Oil was promulgated. InNovember the government withdrew the troops from the mining settlements and in December introduced a state monopoly on the export of minerals. Bolivia established diplomatic relations with a number of socialist countries. An agreement providing for the exchange of diplomatic representatives with the USSR was reached. At the same time, Ovando announced his government’s aims to maintain friendly relations with the USA.
The process of positive change has slowed down since May 1970 under pressure from right-wing military circles. Patriotic-minded ministers were dismissed from the government. In October 1970 a group of reactionary military leaders attempted a coup d’etat, forcing Ovando to retire. However, the conspirators’ plans were thwarted as a result of the actions of the working masses. A general strike was declared at the call of the Bolivian Workers’ Center. The Political Command of Trade Union and Workers’ Forces established by the Bolivian Workers’ Center, students, and left-wing parties supported General J. Torres, who, with part of the army on his side, came out against the insurgents. Torres’ government, which came to power, announced its intention of achieving the independent economic development of Bolivia, improving the situation of the working people, and carrying out an independent foreign policy.
González Ruîz, Raul. Boliviia—Prometei And. Moscow, 1963. (Translated from Spanish.)
Fellman Vellarde, J. Histoire de Bolivia, vol. 1. La Paz-Cochabamba, 1968.
Arguedas, A. Histoire générale de la Bolivia. Paris, 1923.
Diaz Machicao, P. Historia de Bolivia, vols. 1–5. La Paz, 1954–58.
Antezana, L. El movimiento obrero boliviano (1935–1943). 1966.
Osborne, H. Bolivia: A Land Divided, 3rd ed. London-New York, 1964.
Anaya, R. Nacionalización de las minas de Bolivia. Cochabamba, 1952.
Pen̄taloza Luis, C. Historia del Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, 1941–1952. La Paz, 1963.
Amado Canelas, O. Petróleo: imperialismo y nacionalismo. La Paz, 1963.
G. A. IGNATOVICH, B. I. KOVAL’ and IU. P. PAVLOV
Political parties. The Bolivian Socialist Falange (Falange Socialista Boliviana) was established in 1937. It expresses the interests of the bourgeoisie and of the landlord latifundistas. It finds little support among the petitebourgeoisie of the cities and countryside and among students. The Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, MNR) was founded in 1941. The social composition of the party is quite varied. It enjoys influence among the petite and middle bourgeoisie, intelligentsia, tradesmen, and portions of the workers and peasants. The Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (Partido Revolucionario de Izquierda Nacional) formed as a party from the left wing of the MNR in early 1964. It includes most trade union figures and is supported by the workers. The Authentic Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Auténtico) formed as a party from the right wing of the MNR in 1960. It expresses the interests of the commercial and industrial bourgeoisie bound to American imperialism. The Revolutionary Party of the Left (Partido de Izquierda Revolucionaria) was established in 1940. A petitbourgeois party, it is supported by certain strata of the intelligentsia and students. The Christian Popular Movement (Movimiento Popular Cristiano) was founded in 1965. It expresses the interests of proimperialist strata of the bourgeoisie. The Communist Party of Bolivia (Partido Comunista de Bolivia) was founded in 1950.
Trade unions. The Bolivian Workers’ Center was founded in 1952. It numbers about 400,000 people (1970) and includes a number of large trade union associations—the federation of miners, factory workers, builders, and railroad workers, the confederation of Bolivian students, the confederation of workers of the free professions, the confederation of craftsmen, the confederation of air transport workers, the confederation of peasants, and other organizations.
IU. P. PAVLOV
General characteristics. In terms of economic development Bolivia is one of the most undeveloped countries of Latin America. The per capita national income is very low—$ 120 in 1968. Industry and construction provide (1967) 37 percent of the gross national product, including mining industry, 17 percent; manufacturing industry, 12.3 percent; construction, 6.1 percent; and power industry, 1.6 percent. Agriculture accounts for 23.7 percent, transportation for 8.1 percent, and other branches for 31.2 percent. Foreign capital—especially that of the USA and Great Britain—occupies a strong position in the economy; Japanese capital has increasingly penetrated in the postwar period. In 1966 foreign investments totaled $150 million, 75 percent of which was attributable to the USA. Foreign investments are particularly large in the oil industry, the mining and refining of nonferrous metals industry, and foreign trade. State capital plays a significant role in the mining industry—primarily tin—and the oil industry. As a result of the government measures that were carried out primarily in 1952 and 1969 (see above: Historical survey), large tin mines and oil and gas fields passed into the hands of the state; it also acquired control over the sale of minerals.
The economy is based on the extraction of mineral resources (primarily tin), which are mainly exported and provide the country with about 70 percent of its currency receipts. Agriculture is poorly developed and does not supply Bolivia with enough food.
Industry. Mining, primarily of tin, is the leading branch of industry. Bolivia is the capitalist world’s second largest (after Malaysia) producer and exporter of tin. About 70 percent of the tin concentrates are produced by the state company COMIBOL, and about 30 percent by 80 intermediate and over 2,450 small private mines. The extraction of lead, zinc, antimony, and oil are also important. Deposits of copper, tungsten, bismuth, silver, and sulfuric ores are being exploited; the mining of gold varies greatly (1,439 kg in 1961 and 2,123 kg in 1968). Large deposits of iron ore and gas have been discovered in the east. The main mining regions of nonferrous metals are in the mountainous departments of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí; oil is found in the departments of Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and Tarija (the output of the major minerals is shown in Table 2).
Table 2. Output of major minerals
(tons)
1 By content of metal
2 By content of metal; export
3 Concentrate; export
Tin1 37,900 20,500 29,600
Lead2 25,600 21,400 22,300
Zinc2 21,100 4,000 11,200
Antimony2 12,300 5,300 11,100
Tungsten (WO3)3 1,500 1,300 2,300
Oil 60,000 466,000 1,897,000
The electric power industry is poorly developed. The established capacity of electric power stations totals 222,000 kW (1968); the production of electric energy is 672 million kW-hr (1968).
There are small cement (71,000 tons in 1968) and oil refining plants (over 500,000 tons of petroleum products in 1968) and plants for smelting tin (Oruro; 1,100 tons in 1967; for export) and lead (200 tons in 1967; for export). Other branches of industry are represented essentially by small domestic and handicraft enterprises. Of the branches of the manufacturing industry, the most important are the textile industry and the food industry, primarily sugar and flour. The textile industry is the oldest and a comparatively developed industry, totaling 2 million meters of wool fabric and 11 million meters of cotton fabric in 1966. La Paz, Cochabamba, Sucre, and Santa Cruz are the manufacturing centers.
Agriculture. Large-scale, semifeudal land ownership predominates in agriculture; feudal methods of exploitation are intertwined with capitalist methods. Prior to the agrarian reform, over one-third of the peasants were landless, and about 29 percent had plots less than 1 ha; 47 percent of the cultivated land belongs to latifundistas (with holdings of over 1,000 ha each), which accounts for 6.3 percent of all farms.
The distribution of land among 235,000 small owners and among communes, cooperatives, and other organizations had taken place by 1965 on the basis of the agrarian reform adopted in 1953. The agrarian reform helped accelerate the development of capitalism in agriculture. It somewhat stimulated the growth of agricultural production and increased the colonization of unused lands in the departments of Santa Cruz, El Beni, and Pando. However, latifundismo was not liquidated by the agrarian reform; landlords lost only about one-fifth of their land, and the bulk of the peasants remained landless and engaged in subsistence farming. The decree of 1965 permitting peasants to sell or mortgage the lands they obtained aimed at strengthening the prosperous stratum by depriving poor peasants of land; it led to the stratification of the peasantry. The level of agricultural technology is extremely low (the hoe, wooden plow, and sickle); agricultural machines are concentrated on large farms. The soil is fertilized poorly, and the harvest is low.
The main branch of agriculture is farming. Cultivated land totals 3.1 million ha, or 2.8 percent of the country’s territory. Commercial farming predominates in the Altiplano; the main region of commercial farming is the eastern slopes of the Andes. Barley, quinoa (a cereal), and potatoes are cultivated in the Altiplano (15 percent of the territory, 49 percent of the cultivated area); corn, wheat, rice, manioc, sugarcane, coffee, cacao, cotton, tobacco, coca, and other crops are cultivated on the eastern slopes of the Andes (25 percent of the territory, 40 percent of the cultivated area). The main crops on the plains in the east and the north are manioc, sugarcane, and cacao. (The area and harvest of the main agricultural crops are shown in Tables 3a and 3b.) The leaves of the coca
Table 3a. Area of main agricultural crops
(hectares)
1948–52*
* Yearly average
Wheat 61,000 99,000 63,000
Barley 56,000 100,000 95,000
Corn 117,000 213,000 200,000
Rice 13,000 30,000 35,000
Coffee — — —
Cacao — — —
Potatoes 113,000 180,000 120,000
Sugarcane 8,000 27,000 26,000
shrub and the bark of the quinine and rubber trees are gathered. Pastured livestock raising is developed. In 1967–68 there were 2.7 million head of cattle, which are raised primarily on the plains; and 6.5 million sheep, 1.3 million goats, and 400,000 llamas and alpacas, which are raised in the mountains. Andalusian horses are bred in the department of Santa Cruz.
Table 3b. Harvest of main agricultural crops
Barley 39,000 80,000 57,000
Coffee 2,300 4,200 6,500
Cacao 2,000 2,100 1,100
Sugarcane 290,000 960,000 1,092,000
Transportation. There are 3,600 km of railroads (1967). A large portion of the railroads belongs to the state and a small part to British monopolies. The major railroad junctions are Viacha (near La Paz), Oruro, and Uyuni. According to various sources, automobile roads total between 16,000 km and 24,700 km (1968), of which only 7,700 km are passable the year round; about 600 km of roads are paved. A highway linking all the Andean countries, Brazil, and Paraguay is being constructed along the eastern slopes of the Andes (1969). In 1968 there were 46,800 motor vehicles in Bolivia, including 27,100 passenger cars. Cart and pack transport is of great importance in the mountain regions. River routes total 19,000 km. The main river ports are Cobija on the Acre, Rurrenabaque on the Beni, Puerto Ballivián on the Mamoré, and Puerto Suárez in the Paraguay River basin. There is transportation on Lake Titicaca between the ports of Guaqui (Bolivia) and Puno (Peru). Oil pipelines connect the oil fields with the oil refining locations in Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Sucre, and in Chile (Arica) and Argentina. Since Bolivia lacks access to the ocean, its main streams of foreign trade pass through the ports of Moliendo (Peru) and Arica and Antofagasta (Chile). National airline companies essentially service domestic air routes; foreign companies (USA, Brazil, Argentina, and other countries) service international transport.
External economic relations. The main export products (in percent of total value, 1967) are tin (concentrates and metal), 54.4; antimony, 3.7; lead, 2.7; silver, 3.8; tungsten, 4.4; copper, 3.7; zinc, 2.7; and oil, 13.8. The major import products are food (grain, flour, lard, sugar, and the like), liquid fuel, lubricating oil, industrial alcohol, various kinds of equipment, and articles of light industry. Bolivia exports primarily to (1968) Great Britain (45 percent of the total value of exports), the USA (38 percent), and Japan (6 percent). It imports primarily from the USA (51 percent), Japan (13 percent), and the Federal Republic of Germany (9 percent). Economic relations with Argentina and Brazil have increased in the postwar period. The foreign debt totaled $301 million in 1967. The monetary unit is the Bolivian peso; $ 1 USA = 11.88 Bolivian pesos (March 1970).
Internal differences. The Bolivian highlands—the departments of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí—are an old mining region. Industries include nonferrous metallurgy (Oruro), the food industry, and light industry. Barley, quinoa, and potatoes are grown for local needs. There is livestock raising (cattle, sheep, goats, alpaca, and llama). Three railroad lines connect the region with the Pacific coast. The main centers are La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí.
The eastern slopes of the Andes include the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, and Tarija. Oil and nonferrous metals are extracted here. Industries include nonferrous metallurgy, oil refining, light industry, and the food industry. There is plantation farming in the region (sugarcane, coffee, cacao, cotton, tobacco, and rice). Barley, corn, potatoes, and wheat are planted. Livestock raising is poorly developed. The region is linked by rail lines to the cities of the highlands. The main economic centers are Cochabamba, Sucre, andTarija.
The plains of the east include the department of Santa Cruz. There is plantation farming (sugarcane, coffee, cacao, cotton, tobacco, and rice). Pastured livestock raising predominates in agriculture (horses and cattle). Oil is drilled. Industries include oil refining, light industry, and the food industry. The main industrial center is Santa Cruz. There is railroad communication with Brazil and Argentina.
The plains of the north include the departments of Beni and Pando. It is the least developed region. There is pastured livestock raising, primarily cattle, in the Beni River basin. Grains and manioc are cultivated. Forestry is developed here. There is river and air transportation. The main center is Trinidad.
Galin, Iu. Boliviia. Moscow, 1962.
Ekonomika Latinskoi Ameriki v tsifrakh: Statisticheskii sb. Moscow, 1965.
“Sintesis economica Bolivia.” Panorama económico latinoamericano, 1967, no. 239.
A. A. DOLININ
Bolivia’s armed forces consist of land troops, an air force, and a river fleet. In 1970 the armed forces totaled about 29,000 persons. In addition, there are about 5,500 military police and border troops. The commander in chief is the president; the minister of national defense exercises immediate leadership of the armed forces. The army is built up to prescribed strength according to the law on compulsory military service. Active military service is two years. Men at least 19 years of age are drafted. The country is divided into eight military districts. The land forces include seven infantry divisions armed primarily with obsolete forms of weapons and materiel. The air force (about 70 planes, including 30 combat planes) consists of air groups and individual squadrons of auxiliary aircraft. The river fleet has ten river vessels.
Medicine and public health. In 1967 the birthrate was 51.8 per 1,000 residents; the general mortality rate, 12.9 per 1,000 residents; and infant mortality, 88.9 per 1,000 live births. The average life span is 30 years (1965). Infectious pathology predominates in Bolivia. Dysentery, helminthiasis, tuberculosis, venereal disease, and malaria are prevalent; individual cases of yellow fever, plague, and visceral leishmaniasis are recorded; Bolivian hemorrhagic fever is endemic in the northeast in the Amazon Basin. Endemic goiter is prevalent in many regions. High-altitude conditions (the Altiplano, 3,800–4,000 m above sea level) produce distinctive adaptational changes in the organs of breathing, circulation, and blood among the local populace—for example, special chest structure, a high level of blood cell content, and a low globulin content in the blood serum. Malaria is a common disease in the valleys. The population of the plains region (5 percent), where savannas and tropical forests predominate, and of Indian settlements live in unsanitary conditions and are systematically undernourished. Anemia is prevalent (alimentary, especially iron-deficiency anemia of the microcytic hypochromic type, and, less frequently, megaloblastic anemia), as are parasitic worm invasions, frequently double and triple (ascariasis, trichuriasis, and ancyclostomiasis), and dysentery; yellow fever is recorded. The central organ of public health is the Ministry of Hygiene and Public Health. Medical aid in the social insurance system is organized by the Ministry of Labor and Industrial Medicine. In 1968 there were 1,900 doctors (one doctor per 2,154 residents) and 986 registered nurses. There are 238 hospitals with 9,500 beds in Bolivia (2.7 beds per 1,000 population); 62 of the 238 hospitals, with 4,500 beds, are state-owned. Doctors are trained at three medical faculties attached to universities; 104 doctors are graduated annually.
Dobrovol’skii, Iu. A. Zdorov’e naseleniia mira v XX veke. Moscow, 1968.
Boletin de la oficina sanitaria Panamericana, 1966, vol. 61, no. 3, p. 264.
Z. A. BELOVA and V. V. TARASOV
Veterinary services. Livestock raising in Bolivia on the whole meets with little success because of a number of infectious and parasitic diseases. The main cause of this is the presence of a large number of reservoirs and carriers of diseases. Rabies is one of the leading diseases in the pathology of agricultural animals; yearly losses total about 20,000 head (1966), and the carriers-reservoirs are blood-sucking bats. Foot-and-mouth disease inflicts great economic damage. Herpetic stomatitis is prevalent. Venezuelan encephalitis is recorded among solid-hoofed animals; there is trypanosomiasis of solid-hoofed animals, swine fever, coccidiosis of rabbits, and pasteurellosis of fowl. Helminthiasis and skin diseases have been found in the mountain regions—the departments of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí—where sheep raising predominates. There are enzootic (natural) beds of anaplasmosis and babesiasis in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and Beni rivers, where almost all cattle raising is concentrated. Malignant anthrax and blackleg are noted more frequently in the departments of Santa Cruz, Beni, and Pando. Deficiency diseases appear among cattle and sheep (acobaltosis and enzootic ataxia). There are about 70 veterinarians in Bolivia (1970).
I. A. BAKULOV
The first schools on the territory of Bolivia were opened by missionaries in the mid-16th century. After the establishment of the republic in 1825, state secular schools appeared. The first law on compulsory elementary education was passed in 1874. The principles of universal, compulsory, free education for children ages seven to 14 were proclaimed by the educational reform law adopted in 1955. In 1967, however, 60.5 percent of the population was still illiterate. In addition to state schools, there are a considerable number of private schools belonging primarily to the Catholic Church. Public education is directed by the Ministry of Education in cities and the Ministry of Agriculture in rural localities. The initial link in the system of public education is the kindergarten for children ages three to seven years. (In 1968 there were over 25,600 children in kindergartens.) Elementary school is six years; instruction is in Spanish. In addition to general education, rural elementary schools give the students elementary preprofessional training in the areas of handicrafts and agriculture. Many rural schools instruct Indians in their native language (Quechua, Aymará, Guaraní); Spanish is studied as a compulsory subject. Secondary schools in the cities (colleges for boys and lyceums for girls) are six years and are divided into two cycles—four and two years of instruction. In addition to the general education subjects, dressmaking, home economics, and child care are taught in the lyceums; drafting, metalworking, and carpentry are taught in the colleges. Secondary schools are four years in rural localities. In 1968 there were over 640,000 pupils in elementary schools and over 122,000 students in secondary schools.
Vocational schools (technical, commercial, art, and others) are four and six years and operate on the basis of elementary school. The teachers of city elementary schools are trained in four-year pedagogical schools that accept students who have completed the first cycle of secondary school; teachers of rural elementary schools are trained in four-year pedagogical schools that operate on the basis of elementary school. In the 1967 academic year, 10,900 students were studying in vocational schools and 8,000 in pedagogical schools. Teachers for secondary schools are trained by the Higher Pedagogical School in Sucre and the Higher Pedagogical Institute in La Paz. There are eight universities in Bolivia—two universities in Cochabamba and universities in La Paz, Sucre, Santa Cruz, Potosí, Oruro, and Tarija. In the 1966 academic year there were 13,400 students in higher educational institutions. About two-thirds of the students acquire specialties as lawyers, doctors, and economists.
The largest libraries are the Library of the Department of Culture (1832), containing 130,000 volumes, and the Municipal Library (1838), containing 80,000 volumes—both in La Paz—and the National Library and Archives in Sucre (1836), containing 26,000 volumes.
Museums include the Tiahuanaco National Museum (founded 1846) in La Paz, the archaeology and art museums in Sucre, and the National Museum of the Mint in Potosí (founded 1938).
L. IA. BELOVA
Natural and technical sciences. Until the 19th century there were only an isolated number of natural scientists in Bolivia. Among these were A. Barba, who in 1640 published a work on the beneficiation and metallurgy of gold and silver ores; J. Vázquez de Acuña, who advocated Galileo’s ideas in Bolivia; the physician M. Crespo (18th century), who studied medicinal plants; and T. Jenque, who between 1794 and 1810 conducted geographical and botanical investigations in the eastern regions of Bolivia. Geography, geology, and medicine developed somewhat during the 19th century. The first geographical and statistical descriptions by natural scientists and officials of the colonial administration also appeared during this period (the work of T. Haenke, P. Nolasco, and F. de Viedma). The end of the 19th century and the 20th century saw the rise of scientific societies; medical, natural science, and engineering faculties at universities; and the geophysical observatory at La Paz; and the gradual development of the present-day system of scientific research based mainly on universities.
In the 1940’s and 1950’s research was conducted in experimental biology and physiotherapy (at the universities in Sucre and La Paz); selection, soil science, and botany (at the university in Cochabamba and others); mining and the beneficiation of minerals (at the Technical University in Oruro); and certain branches of engineering (construction) and cosmic physics (at the universities in Oruro and La Paz, among others).
The role of the state and industrial companies in the development of scientific research increased during the 1960’s. A petroleum institute was founded in La Paz by private companies in 1959; the National Academy of Sciences, the National Commission on Atomic Energy, and the National Geological Administration were created by government decree in 1960. The National Academy of Sciences coordinates and finances research in universities. Within the Academy of Sciences is the Center for Biological Research (founded 1962), where work is conducted mainly in high-altitude biology, in the use of solar energy, and on the upper layers of the atmosphere. The National Commission on Atomic Energy has two laboratories—for radioactive isotopes and chemistry and for the geology of radioactive minerals. The National Geological Administration coordinates all geological research and conducts work on the compilation of geological maps of Bolivia. Many new scientific research institutes were organized after 1960: a geophysical institute in La Paz, which conducts gravimetric, seismological, and geomagnetic research: and a technological institute, which conducts research on oil deposits and Devonian fauna. The Center for Scientific and Technical Information was established in 1963. Bolivia has a number of scientific societies; well-known scientists include the physicist F. Escobar, the biologist O. Suárez Morales, and the botanist M. Cárdenas Hermosa.
Instituciones científicas y cientificos de Bolivia. Montevideo, 1963.
UNESCO: World Directory of National Science Policy-making Bodies, vol. 3. Paris, 1968.
Mesa, J. de, and T. Gisbert. La ciencia en Bolivia (Siglos XVII y XVIII). La Paz, 1962.
G. IA. ROZEN
Social sciences. The center for the study of the humanities during the colonial period was the University of San Francisco Xavier (founded 1624) in Chuquisaca (now Sucre). This university contributed to the dissemination of the scholastic concepts of “the common good” and of “national sovereignty” of the Spanish philosophers F. Suárez and F. de Vitoria. In 1739, J. Velez de Córdova came out in defense of the Indian population with a plan for restoring the Inca empire. In the middle of the 19th century fictionalized sketches of Bolivia’s modern history written in the style of romanticism appeared (R. Bustamante, J. M. Loza, and M. J. Cortés). In philosophy, the mystical ideas of the German philosopher K. C. Krause were disseminated. The increased interest in the economics and history of the country coincided with the spread of positivist ideas. The most important representatives of positivism were the historian G. R. Moreno, the sociologist and literary critic D. Sánchez Bustamante, the philosopher B. Fernandez, and the lawyer and diplomat C. Pinilla. The journal La revista de Bolivia began publishing at the end of the 19th century. It became the forum of the naturalist school in prose, of modernism in poetry and of positivism in philosophy, pedagogy, and literary criticism. Developing the ideas of the Venezuelan sociologist S. Sumeta, the Argentine philosopher J. Ingenieros, and the Bolivian writer A. Arguedas in works published in the 1920’s, the journal emphasized racial and psychological factors in the interpretation of history and social and political life. In opposition to Arguedas, the writer and lawyer J. Mendoza, who was influenced by the works of A. M. Gorky, concentrated on bringing out the role of the social factor in Bolivian society and subjected Arguedas to sharp denunciatory criticism. Interest in socialist ideas grew noticeably. (The ideas of Utopian socialism were still current in Bolivia in the 19th century.) The philosopher and lawyer I. Prudencio Bustillo contributed to the dissemination of these ideas and positively assessed the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia as an experiment in “the realization of integral democracy.” However, he continued to adhere to the Fabian trend in socialism. The writer and political figureG. A. Navarro (pseudonym, Tristán Maroff) correctly noted that Bolivia’s dependence on the imperialist powers and the oppression of the landlords were the major reasons for its backwardness. However, Navarro was unable to provide a revolutionary solution and began to preach the restoration of the Inca empire, which he claimed was a model of communism. Later Navarro switched to the position of Indian racism, then joined the Trotskyites, and finally repudiated the anti-imperialist struggle. In the 1930’s and 1940’s the views of “legal Marxism” were disseminated in Bolivia; its adherents, J. A. Arze, R. Anaya, A. Urquidi, S. Aimaras, A. Canelas, and others, supported an anti-imperialist position. However, idealizing precapitalist relations in the country, they ignored the role of the working class and contributed to the spread of the illusion that the petitbourgeois intelligentsia play a decisive role in the revolutionary process. The “legal Marxists” waged a struggle against nationalist extremism, whose most prominent representative was the Nietzschean F. Tamayo. Rejecting humanism and democracy and glorifying authoritarianism and national egotism, Tamayo called for the creation of new, purely national Indian social and ethical criteria, “a scale of new values” (the so-called conception of Indianism). The program of “Bolivian nationalism” founded by Tamayo became the basic ideology of the contemporary rightwing parties. According to this program the Bolivian bourgeois state was proclaimed the “legal, nationalist, and popular state” called upon to carry out a national revolution, a state in which all classes must obey general national discipline. The creation in 1944 of a faculty of philosophy and literature at the University of La Paz contributed to the spread in Bolivia of the ideas of the German philosophers E. Husserl (in particular, his intuitive gnoseology) and N. Hartmann (mainly his notions of the many-layered structure of being, his theory of unchanging ethical values, and his doctrine of free will as the only basis of morality). The Spanish philosopher A. Pescador, who worked in La Paz, was a follower of N. Hartmann. The lawyer R. Garcîa Rosquellas became a follower of the normative theory of law of the Austrian lawyer H. Kelsen. In the 1960’s works by Bolivian scholars appeared which represented concrete factual studies in the history of the country (H. Vás-quez-Machicado), the history of Bolivian social thought (G. Francovich), Bolivian culture (P. Díaz Machicao, J. de Mesa, T. Gisbert), and archaeology and history of the precolonial period (A. Posnansky, J. Fellman Velgarde, B. Ibarra Grasso) as well as studies of the heritage of the Quechua Indians (J. Lara).
The literary critic, writer, and essayist C. Medinacelli devotes his attention primarily to the process of intermixing the population and attaches his hopes for the transformation of the country to this process. Marxist historians (J. Ovando, A. Villalpando, and others) devote their studies to the specific character of the problem of nationalities in Bolivia; they disclose the double oppression experienced by the masses of workers (enslavement by foreign imperialism and national oppression of the Indian peoples), expose the bourgeois nature of the Bolivian state, and point to the necessity for a national revolution under the leadership of the working class. The main attention of Bolivian economists is directed at the study of the economics of the major branch of the country’s economy—the mining industry—and the significance of its nationalization in achieving Bolivia’s economic independence from foreign capital (G. Bedregal). The economic and financial problems of nationalization (J. Pando Gutiérrez) are also studied, and the improper role of British and North American oil corporations in the country’s economy comes to the fore (S. Aimaras). The works of F. Beltrán, J. Fernández, and the Colombian economist A. García (who worked in Bolivia) discuss the problems of agrarian reform, the liquidation of the consequences of latifundismo, and the intensification of agricultural production. Progressive economists sharply criticize the predatory nature of USA policy (M. T. Calleja). The ideology of bourgeois reformism is represented by the adherents of the theory of “mutual dependence” of Latin American countries and the USA within the framework of the “free Western world” (V. Paz Estenssoro, W. Guevara Arze). They favor active state interference in the economy and state aid for the development of the private enterprise sector.
The most important scientific centers for the social sciences are the National Academy of History (founded 1929) in La Paz; the Society for the Study of Geography and History (1903) in the city of Santa Cruz, which publishes Boletin; the Bolivian Institute of Sociology (1941) in Sucre, which publishes Revista; the Technical University in Oruro, which publishes Revista de la facultad de economia and the yearbook Annualio de la facultad de economia; and the university in La Paz, which publishes the journal Dinamica economica.
Abecia Baldivieso. Historiografia boliviana. La Paz, 1965.
Francovich, G. El pensamiento boliviano en el siglo XX. Mexico-Buenos Aires, 1956.
Francovich, G. La filosofia en Bolivia. Buenos Aires, 1945.
Arze y Arze, J. A. Sociologia marxista. Oruro, 1963.
Crawford, W. A Century of Latin-American Thought. Cambridge, 1961.
Anaya Rolón, M. Política y partidos en Bolivia. La Paz, 1966.
S. I. SEMENOV and L. DVORZHAK
Several dozen different periodicals are published in Bolivia. Ninety percent of all periodicals are published in La Paz; the rest are published in the official capital—the city of Sucre—and in the city of Cochabamba.
The largest newspapers are the conservative El diario (since 1904), with a circulation of 30,000 (here and below, 1970 data); the right-bourgeois Hoy (since 1969), with a circulation of 30,000; Presencia (since 1962), with a circulation of 35,000, which is the organ of the reactionary clerical circles tied to USA monopolies; Ultima hora (since 1928), with a circulation of 20,000; Unidad (since 1953), the organ of the Communist Party of Bolivia; El pueblo (since 1946), a weekly progressive newspaper; and the independent daily La Jornada (since 1964), with a circulation of 3,000.
There are two radio broadcasting companies uniting 69 radio stations—the Asociación Boliviana de Radio Difusoras and the Dirección General de Radio Communicaciónes. The largest radio stations are Radio Nacional de Bolivia, Radio Municipal, Radio Bolivia, and Radio Sucre. Broadcasts are conducted in Spanish and also in Quechua. The State Television Company has been in operation since 1970.
The literature of the Bolivian people is developing primarily in Spanish. Our only information about ancient Indian culture on Bolivian territory (until the Spanish conquest) comes from ancient models of the Bolivian-Peruvian drama Ollantay and from contemporary folk songs (for example, taqui). In the literature of the colonial period only certain historical chronicles, for example those of the Indian F. Guarnán Poma and the monk A. de Calancha, are of any interest. Beginning at the end of the 18th century and during the war for independence, patriotic journalism (V. Pazos Kanki, and others) and patriotic lyrics (J. I. de Sanjinés and the Indian poet Hallparrimachi) developed. Antifeudal and antityranny sentiments marked the works of Bolivian romantics, who were influenced by European romanticism: the poets R. J. Bustamante, N. Galindo, and M. J. Mujía; the novelists N. Aguirre (author of the historical novel Juana de la Rosa, 1885), M. S. Caballero, and E. VacaGuzmán; and the playwrights F. Reyes Ortiz and J. Rosendo Gutiérres, among others. The 1880’s and 1890’s saw the rise of so-called costumbrismo —literature about everyday life. This was the first stepin the development of realistic art. L. Ansoategui de Campero, A. Samudio, J. Lucas Jaimes, and others wrote costumbrista novellas and short stories.
Bolivian poetry of the late 19th century was dominated by so-called modernism—a movement combining enthusiasm for French poetry with an interest in the national theme (R. Jaimes Freyre, G. Reynolds, F. Tamayo, J. E. Guerra, and others). (For F. Tamayo’s views, see above: Social sciences.) The realistic social novel appeared. One of the first representatives of realism in Bolivia was A. Arguedas (the novel Creole Life, 1912, and The Bronze Race, 1919). J. Mendoza exposed the exploitation of workers in the novels In the Depths of Potosí (1911) and Barbarous Pages (1914). A. Chirveches created a satirical picture of bourgeois society in the novels Rojas’ Candidacy (1908) and Family Home (1916).
In the 1920’s the social theme was developed by O. Estrella, E. Paz and F. Diez de Medina in poetry and by G. A. Navarro (pseudonym, Tristán Maroff (for the evolution of his views, see above: Social sciences), G. A. Otero, L. Toro Ramallo, and others in prose. The so-called Indianist prose literature depicting the social drama of the disfranchised Indians arose in the 1930’s. Its founder was A. Arguedas, and its leading writers were R. BotelhoGosállvez, A. Guillén Pinto, R. Leitón, and N. Pardo Valle. A. Céspedes’ novel Devil’s Metal (1946) and F. Ramírez Velarde’s The Mines of Sorrow (1953; Russian translation, 1962) depict the hard life of the miners. In the novel Deluge of Fire (1935), O. Cerruto portrays the revolutionary struggle of soldiers and miners. The Indianist novels of one of the greatest contemporary Bolivian writers, J. Lara, are also devoted to the struggle for social justice; (Surumi, 1943,) Yanakuna, (1952; Russian translation, 1958) as is M. Mendoza López’ novel The Sun of Justice (1947). The events of the 1952 revolutionary movement are artistically reflected in many novels—for example, Bullet in the Wind (1952) by J. Fellman Velarde and Our Blood (1959; Russian translation, 1962) by J. Lara.
Khudozhestvennaia literatura Latinoskoi Ameriki v russkoi pechati, 1765–1959. [Compiled by L. A. Shur.] Moscow, 1960.
Shur, L. A. Khudozhestvennaia literatura Latinskoi Ameriki v russkoi pechati, 1960–64. Moscow, 1966.
Kuteishchikova, V. N. Roman Latinskoi Ameriki v XX v. Moscow, 1964.
Díaz de Medina, F. Literatura boliviana. Madrid, 1954.
Finot, E. Historia de la literatura boliviana, 2nd ed. La Paz, 1955.
Z. I. PLAVSKIN
In the fifth through eighth centuries the ancient Tiahuanaco culture flourished on the mountain plateaus of Bolivia (edifices made of hugh monoliths, stone statues, planar carpet embossments depicting mythological beings, and polychrome ceramics). During the 16th through 18th centuries Indian experts participated in the construction of the cities of Potosí, Sucre, and La Paz. Antiearthquake constructions were erected; as were massive houses made of adobe, stone, and brick; palaces; and churches with vaults and domes, including those made of quincha (a type of concrete supported by a cane frame). Order motifs on stone portals, wooden retablos, pulpits, and choir benches were combined with rich and intricate carving including motifs of Indian art and local flora and fauna. The religious paintings of M. Pérez de Holguín (turn of the 18th century) are pervaded by the spirit of strict realism. G. Sangurima was a unique sculptor of the early 19th century. The architecture of industrial and public buildings of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century followed European and American models (electicism, “modern style”), while apartment houses, on the whole, preserved the old style until the middle of the 20th century (one to three courtyards, carved portals, massive gateways, and carved wooden balconies). Numerous multistoried reinforced-concrete buildings were built (under the influence of Brazilian and Argentine architecture), and the cities of La Paz and Cochabamba were partially reconstructed in the middle of the 20th century.
Such local artists as the portrait painter A. Nogales, the genre painter J. García Mesa, and the landscape artist S. Iturralde appeared at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. The 20th-century modernist movement has not become widespread in Bolivia. The National school of realistic art formed in the 1920’s. The painters S. Guzmán de Rojas, R. Berdecio, V. S. Romero, and M. Ejido; the sculptor M. Nún̄ez del Prado; and the graphic artist A. Reque Meruvia turn to themes of history and the contemporary life of their people, including the dramatic aspects, and to the beauty of Bolivian nature. They study the experience of European and Mexican art and the traditions of Indian culture. These traditions have been preserved to our day by the Quechua Indians in the country’s southwest (weaving and jewelry-making) and by the Aymará in the northwest (ceramics, stone carving, and weaving).
Meza, J. de, and T. Gisbert. Holguin y la pintura altoperuana del Virreinato. La Paz, 1956.
Hissink, K. Alte Kulturen im Zentralen Andegebiet. Darmstadt, 1957.
Vethey, H. E. Arquitectura Virreinal en Bolivia. La Paz, 1961.
The musical art of Bolivia is represented by the music of the indigenous population of the country—the Indians and also the Creoles. Indian musical folklore is varied and original. Lyrical songs are widespread—for example baguala, yaravi, vidala, and the gayer and livelier huanca, all of which are performed in solo; choral singing is alien to Bolivian Indians. The instrumental forms of music that accompany dances are also popular—for example, huaiño, huainito, and yumbo. The Indian music is based on a pentatonic scale in which all its harmonies are used. A two-part structure is typical of Indian songs and dances. Indian music is characterized by a definite rhythm (it has its rhythmic formulas) and a distinct compositional structure. The music of the inhabitants of the mountain regions is restrained by nature and somewhat austere; the music of the inhabitants of the plains is more cheerful. The Indians have a wide assortment of instruments. The wind instruments, which number more than 20 types, include the quena and charca (vertical reed flutes), erqu (a large horn of up to 3 m long), and sicus (in the Aymará language; antara in the Quechua language; a variety of panpipes). The percussion instruments include all kinds of drums— putuca, huanara, and tintaya, among others.
The music of the Bolivian Creoles, which is common to all Creoles of South America, has a strongly pronounced Spanish character. In Bolivia such Creole dances as zamacueca (cueca), gato, and marinera are popular. The most widely known song types are the love song yaraví, which is unique and distinct from the Indian song of the same name, and the lyrical song triste. The favorite musical instrument among the Creoles is the six-stringed Spanish guitar. They also use the diatonic harp and the charango, a rural guitar that has five double strings and a different tuning from the usual guitar.
Professional Bolivian composers of the end of the 19th century and of the 20th century include E. Cabo, who directed the National Conservatory in La Paz and composed numerous vocal, choral, and instrumental works, among them the tone poems Potosí and Illimani and the ballet Kollana; the composer and folklorist T. Vargas; and the composer and conductor J. Maidana, composer of four ballets, symphonic works, music for the theater and other works.
One of the few examples of pre-Columbian culture that has survived until our day is the Bolivian-Peruvian drama Ollontay. In the 16th and 17th centuries Spanish missionaries staged theatrical productions during various holy days in Potosí. Two theaters were opened in the city of La Paz between 1617 and 1619. In the 19th century the plays of F. Reyes Ortiz and J. Rosendo Gutiérrez were well known. The plays of R. Mujía, J. D. Berrios, E. Caballero, and A. Alarcón were staged at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. During the 1920’s the playwright N. Ortiz Pacheco developed the trend of social criticism in the theater.
Professional theater did not develop in Bolivia. However, the Tiahuanaco and the Lyre of the Incas theater troupes, which performed from 1924 to 1932 in Bolivia and also in other Latin American countries, somewhat enlivened the life of the theater.
A characteristic manifestation of the national culture are the carnivals held in February and March in the larger cities, especially in the “tin capital” of Oruro. During the carnival days the streets are filled with dramatized processions. The so-called diablados —a dance and choral production consisting of an allegorical play about the struggle between good and evil—is performed; the actors wear devils’ masks and colorful costumes. These presentations date from ancient Indian rituals. Troupes of “Incas” stage the folklore drama The Capture and Death of Atahualpa, where the Indian characters speak in Quechua and the Spanish, in Spanish. In Sucre, open-air theaters where semiprofessional troupes perform operate irregularly. Well-known playwrights include M. Flores, A. Saavedra Pérez, A. Díaz Villamil, V. Ruiz, R. Salmón, H. S. Palza, L. Llanos Aparicio, and A. Santalla Estrella.
The Academy of Theatrical Art and Recitation was established in La Paz. The Society of Theater and Radio Workers was founded in 1949; the society irregularly published the journal Mascara.
The Bolivian Film Institute, founded in 1943, is responsible for the production of films in Bolivia. From one to two feature films are released each year. The major part of film production consists of short documentary films and newsreels. The film director J. Sanjines (now the director of the Bolivian Film Institute), who made the full-length feature films Hucamay and The Blood of the Condor (the latter sympathetically depicting the life of the indigenous Indian population of Bolivia) and the documentary films The Revolution and Aisa, among others, is well known. Of foreign films shown in Bolivia, films imported from the USA, Argentina, and Mexico predominate. Most movie theaters are located in Potosí and La Paz. There are also mobile cinema units serving the remote mountain regions.
Official name: Republic of Bolivia
Capital city: La Paz
Internet country code: .bo
Flag description: Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
Geographical description: Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Total area: 425,000 sq. mi. (1.1 million sq. km.)
Climate: Varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s); adjective: Bolivian
Population: 9,119,152 (July 2007 CIA est.)
Ethnic groups: Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian) 30%, Aymara 25%, European 15%
Languages spoken: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, Guarani
Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Evangelical Methodist 5%
Legal Holidays:
All Souls' Day Nov 2
Christmas Day Dec 25
Good Friday Apr 22, 2011; Apr 6, 2012; Mar 29, 2013; Apr 18, 2014; Apr 3, 2015; Mar 25, 2016; Apr 14, 2017; Mar 30, 2018; Apr 19, 2019; Apr 10, 2020; Apr 2, 2021; Apr 15, 2022; Apr 7, 2023
Labor Day May 1
National Aug 6
New Year's Day Jan 1
an inland republic in central S America: original Aymará Indian population conquered by the Incas in the 13th century; colonized by Spain from 1538; became a republic in 1825; consists of low plains in the east, with ranges of the Andes rising to over 6400 m (21 000 ft.) and the Altiplano, a plateau averaging 3900 m (13 000 ft.) in the west; contains some of the world's highest inhabited regions; important producer of tin and other minerals. Official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara. Religion: Roman Catholic. Currency: boliviano. Capital: La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial). Pop.: 8 973 000 (2004 est.). Area: 1 098 580 sq. km (424 260 sq. miles)
Alasitas Fair
American Indian languages
Ancohuma
Antonio José de Sucre
With organic coffee finding an important niche in world markets, two Bolivian companies, Inexbol and Cofinter, have formed a joint venture with a Paraguayan company, Meyer and Co.
Encouraging production
For answers to this problem and many others, scientists will now start sifting through the bounty provided by the Bolivian quake.
Great quake in Bolivia rings Earth's bell
During the meeting in the Bolivian capital, the Iranian and Bolivian officials explored avenues for bolstering and reinvigorating mutual cooperation in different fields, specially the trade and industrial fields.
Envoy: Iran Ready to Help Bolivia Improve Water Management System
In March 2015, Bolivia published its second national survey on Bolivian drug consumption.
During the meeting in the Bolivian capital, Tabatabayee Shafiyee and Alanoca explored avenues for bolstering and reinvigorating mutual cooperation, specially in the field of culture.
Iran Calls for Broadening of Mutual Cooperation With Bolivia
Bolivia's 2016-2020 Strategy to Combat Drug Trafficking and Reduction of Excess Cultivation of Coca Leaf prioritizes actions against criminal organizations rather than what the Bolivian government considers legitimate farmers who cultivate coca for traditional uses.
With years of experience in the commercial vehicles business, we at Tata Motors understand our customers well, and today have introduced class-leading products in the Bolivian market, suitable for varied terrains, with each of these built for better load carrying capability, more trips, with the lowest turnaround time.
India : Tata Motors forays into Bolivia with the launch of commercial vehicle range
The company has entered Bolivia through a distribution agreement with local partner, Bolivian Auto Motors, which is part of Salvatierra, a business conglomerate engaged in distribution of motor vehicles and motor cycles in the Latin American country.
Tata enters Bolivian commercial vehicle market
Perhaps the most damaging of the controversies centers on the multimillion-dollar deals the government signed with a Chinese contractor that hired Morales's onetime girlfriend for its Bolivian operations.
The end of the line for Bolivia's President Morales
Today, the K-9 academy trains Bolivian police to handle and train drug-detecting dogs, and breeds and raises its own dogs, including Belgian Malinois, Labradors, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers and Cocker Spaniels.
Sniffing out trouble: with U.S. help, anti-drug dogs get training
The President was received by high-level Bolivian officials at the El Alto International Airport and honored with a military welcome.
Sri Lanka President Arrives in Bolivian City of La Paz
Bolivian troops had uniform webbing gear, knapsacks and canteens while the Paraguayans--much like Confederate soldiers during our Civil War--usually carried their gear and meager personal possessions in blanket rolls slung over their shoulders while dried hollow gourds served as canteens.
La Guerra del Chaco: fighting in El Infierno Verde: Part II: tanks, airplanes, submachine guns: all played a role in this bloody conflict over some of the world's most godforsaken real estate
Boletus Bovinus
Boletus Edulis
Boletus Luridus
Boletus Scaber
bolexion
Boleyn
Bolgarchai
Bolgari
Bolgary
Bolger, Ray
Bolgrad
Bolingbroke
Bolingbroke, Henry
Bolingbroke, Henry of
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount
Bolinger, Dwight
Bolinteanu, Dimitrie
Bolivar County
Bolívar, Simón
Bolivia Carnival of Oruro
Bolivia Independence Day
Bolivian Revolution of 1952
Bolivian Tin Deposits
Bolivians
Bolkhovitinov, Evfimii
Bolkhovitinov, Evfimii Alekseevich
Bolkhovitinov, Viktor
Bolkhovitinov, Viktor Fedorovich
boll rot
Bolland, Gerardus
Bollandists
Bolleana Poplar
Bolley, Henry Luke
Bolling, Richard
Bollingen
Bollinger County
Bollinger Mill State Historic Site
Bollinger, Lee C.
Bollman truss
Bollnow, Otto Friedrich
bolivares
Bolivares Fuertes
Bolivarian
Bolivarian Liberation Front
Boliver
Bolivia Coca Trade
Bolivian Air Shower Joint Experiment
Bolivian Charity Foundation
Bolivian Communist Party
Bolivian haemorrhagic fever
Bolivian hæmorrhagic fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever virus
Bolivian Labor Federation and United Left
Bolivian Marching Powder
Bolivian monetary unit
Bolivian peso
Bolivian Peso Boliviano
Bolivian Poverty Reduction Strategy
Bolivian Quaker Education Fund
Bolivian Republic
bolivianly
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Rob Grace
Kevin Coughlin
Stephanie Kayden
From the battlefield to the bedroom: a multilevel analysis of the links between political conflict and intimate partner violence in Liberia
Objectives Assess the link between levels of armed conflict and postconflict intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women in Liberia.
Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among Syrian refugee girls: a mixed methods study in Lebanon
The Syrian conflict has resulted in over 2.3 million child refugees in the Middle East and the prevalence of early marriage has reportedly increased among displaced Syrian families. This study explores the underlying factors contributing to child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon with the goal of informing community-based strategies to address the issue.
Rejection, acceptance and the spectrum between: understanding male attitudes and experiences towards conflict-related sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Female survivors of sexual violence in conflict experience not only physical and psychological sequelae from the event itself, but often many negative social outcomes, such as rejection and ostracisation from their families and community. Male relatives – whether husbands, fathers, brothers – play a key role in determining how the family and community respond to a survivor of sexual violence. Understanding these perspectives could help improve services for survivors of sexual violence, as well as their families and communities.
Stigmatisation and rejection of survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Studies report that between 6 per cent and 29 per cent of survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are rejected by their families and communities. This research project was designed to provide insights into survivors' experiences of stigmatisation and rejection. Surveys were conducted with 310 women as they sought psychosocial services in eastern DRC. In total, 44.3 per cent of women reported suffering rejection after sexual violence.
We Mobilized Ourselves
Despite facing violence and terror, local communities have created innovative systems of self-protection and resilience in the face of the LRA threat.
Indoctrinate the Heart to Impunity
Individuals recently demobilized from the LRA detail the internal dynamics of the group, and describe how magic, rules, and culture are used to control new recruits.
Abducted children and youth in Lord’s Resistance Army in Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): mechanisms of indoctrination and control
Globally, an estimated 300,000 children under the age of 18 participate in combat situations; those in armed groups in particular suffer prolonged exposure to psychological and physical abuse. The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) is a rebel movement known for its widespread conscription of children; yet little is known about this process once the group moved beyond northern Uganda. In this paper, we describe the processes related to abduction and indoctrination of youth by the LRA in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC).
Resources and resourcefulness: Roles, opportunities and risks for women working at artisanal mines in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Two dominant narratives have characterized the conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): (1) the horrific abuse of women through sexual violence and (2) the use of “conflict minerals” to fuel the fighting. These two advocacy narratives intersect uniquely in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) towns and can lead to flawed understandings of the true dynamics of women's experiences in these contexts. Mining areas are important centers of economic activity for women, but also pose distinct risks.
'They have embraced a different behaviour': transactional sex and family dynamics in eastern Congo's Conflict
The decades-long conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has resulted in major changes to local economies, strained social networks and insecurity. This environment forces many to pursue unconventional and, at times, socially stigmatised avenues for income. This paper explores the ways in which individuals in eastern DRC engage in, and are affected by, the commoditisation of sex within the context of decades of violent conflict.
"This mine has become our farmland": Critical perspectives on the coevolution of artisanal mining and conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The debate on conflict minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been widely documented by the international media, government and non-governmental agencies and academics. In recent years, a variety of international initiatives have been launched to curb the flow of funding from conflict minerals to armed groups. Many of these initiatives, however, have led to the loss of livelihoods for millions of small-scale miners.
Assessing the Impact of Programming to Reduce the Stigmatization of Survivors of Sexual Violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
This project rigorously evaluated programming that addresses stigma against survivors. In this program evaluation, the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative’s Women in War program worked with the Congolese NGO, Centre d’Assistance Medico-Psychosociale (CAMPS) to assess which parts of their programming are most effective and how to continue to improve services related to reducing stigma.
Learn about the World Bank’s LOGiCA program
An Assessment of Attitudes Toward Gender Inequitable Sexual and Reproductive Health Norms in South Sudan: a Community-based Participatory Research Approach
Communities in South Sudan have endured decades of conflict. Protracted conflict exacerbated reproductive health disparities and gender inequities. This study, conducted prior to the country’s 2011 independence, aimed to assess attitudes toward gender inequitable norms related to sexual relationships and reproductive health and the effects of sex, age, and education on these attitudes.
"We Came Back with Empty Hands": Understanding the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Children Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
This report documents the experiences and attitudes of former underage combatants in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who went through the reintegration process, the families and communities who received them and the organizations that funded and implemented reintegration programming. Despite increasing attention to the scope and importance of child soldiering globally, there is still limited systematic research on the successes and challenges of reintegration programming for former underage combatants.
"We Suffer From War and More War": An Assessment of the Impact of the Lord's Resistance Army on Formerly Abducted Children and their Communities in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
This study highlights the voices of individuals currently affected by the Lord’s Resistance Army to detail the extensive and systematic devastation felt specifically by formerly abducted children and their communities in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Respondents stressed that the international community must assist with providing essential services through long-term engagement, including life-saving health services; improving water and sanitation access; and providing psychosocial and educational interventions to formerly abducted children and adults.
A Tale of Two Conflicts: an Unexpected Reading of Sexual Violence in Conflict through the Cases of Colombia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (‘DRC’) has been called “the rape capital of the world” while Colombia was known in the late 1990s as “the murder capital of the world”. What do these capitals of crime have in common? Both countries have been plagued by conflict-related violence, including sexual violence. This chapter will serve as a comparative study to explore how such different cases – situated at difference points on the spectrum in terms of prevalence and attention received – are still described using the same narrative language.
Engaging African Voices on Kony
A critical perspective has been missing from the conversation resulting from the Kony 2012 campaign: that of those currently living in Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) affected areas.The voices of affected individuals and communities should be at the center of this swelling chorus of opinions . If they were, perhaps the clamor of criticism could quiet long enough to hear what is being asked of humanitarians, academics, policy makers, and global citizens.
Hope for the Future Again: Tracing the effects of sexual violence and conflict on families and communities in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
This report outlines how violence in general, and sexual violence in particular, has changed the family foundations, economies and community structures of those touched by it in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Analyzing data from focus group discussions with a range of community members in the area, it suggests recommendations for serving the holistic needs of regions affected by sexual violence.
A Patient Heart: Stigma, Acceptance and rejection around Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This report identifies factors – societal, financial and health-related – that influence men’s behaviors towards survivors of sexual violence and the barriers towards acceptance and reintegration of survivors into their families and communities after rape. This investigation, through interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey, looked at how to more effectively prevent and address rejection of survivors by their families and communities. This project was based in eastern DRC and funded by the World Bank.
More on the funder:
Opinion: Rape Traumatizes All Congolese, Not Just Women
Many programs exist in eastern DRC today that assist with the medical and psychological needs of survivors – these programs can be live saving and are desperately important. But women here do not live in a void. They deeply affect those around them and are affected by those people in turn. Ignoring the needs of the family and community networks in which these women work and live means that the international community is ignoring the holistic needs of the women they are trying to serve.
Rape in War: Motives of Militia in DRC
"Rape in War: Motives of Militia in the DRC" is a special report commissioned by United States Institute of Peace (USIP) on sexual and gender-based violence, which uniquely examines the experiences of armed combatants in this conflict. The report is a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with the Mai Mai militia in the DRC and looks at the experiences of armed combatants with the aim of revealing potential avenues for intervention.
Now, The World Is Without Me: An Investigation of Sexual Violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
‘Now, The World Is Without Me', is an in-depth report commissioned by Oxfam America and carried out by HHI. The study analyzes data from female rape survivors who were treated in Panzi Hospital in South Kivu Province over a five-year period. The analysis revealed an alarming increase in civilian perpetrators of rape.
Characterizing Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Profiles of Violence, Community Responses, and Implications for the Protection of Women
This report uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Results from this report show the sexual violence perpetrated by armed actors in the DRC has features that indicate rape is being used as a weapon of war. The violence in DRC embodies a new kind of war emerging in the 21st century - one that occurs in villages more than battlefields and affects more civilians than armed combatants.
Nowhere to Turn: Failure to Protect, Support and Assure Justice for Darfuri Women
Nowhere to Turn is a report documenting the scope and long-term impact of rape and other sexual violence experienced by women who fled attacks on their villages in Darfur and are now refugees in neighboring Chad. The report is based on a scientific study, conducted in partnership with Physicians for Human Rights, of women's accounts of rape and other crimes against humanity that they have experienced in Darfur, as well as rape and deprivations of basic needs in refugee camps in Chad.
Capacity Building for Fistula Repair in Eastern DRC
This report includes a detailed evaluation of the clinical, surgical and managerial capacity at Panzi Hospital, and also capacity evaluations of hospitals in Kaziba, Kalonge, Walungu, Uvira, Kakawende, Kaniola, and Nyatende.
HHI in the Field: Beth Maclin in DRC
In April 2014, Beth Maclin, the Research Coordinator for the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's Women in War Program traveled to Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to work on a program evaluation of services to reduce the stigmatization of survivors of sexual violence in the Eastern DRC. In this video, she discusses her time in the field.
Caught in Conflict: Ending Recruitment
In 2013, the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's Women in War Program, in collaboration with Eastern Congo Initiative, released its new report, '"We Came Back with Empty Hands": Understanding the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Children Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.'
The report examines the experiences of former child soldiers and their host communities during the demobilization and reintegration process in eastern DRC.
Caught in Conflict: Education
Caught in Conflict: Girl Child Soldiers
Caught in Conflict: Security
'We Came Back with Empty Hands' Trailer
This video provides an overview of "'We Came Back with Empty Hands': Understanding the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Children Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," the new report released by the Women in War Program at Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and the Eastern Congo Initiative.
For the full report and more information on the project, visit http://www.wecameback.org
The Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's (HHI) Women in War program seeks to investigate and address women's needs in today's most troubled settings. HHI's network of diverse faculty, fellows, and researchers examines pressing issues that impact women's security throughout the world. Our projects emphasize the unique vulnerabilities women face in humanitarian settings, including gender-based violence, other forms of exploitation and abuse, and economic insecurity. Our research identifies some of the consequences of social instability and violence on women's livelihoods as well as the key role women can play as agents of social change in crisis contexts. Our work highlights the ways in which women are vital actors in their communities - advocates for change, businesspeople, service providers, and leaders. HHI's research attempts to capture the complexities and nuances of these roles and to explore how women interact with other actors.
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The national project will target important readiness aspects, including enabling an environment for private sector engagement in climate change and strengthening national technical capacities to appraise climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and design bankable proposals for transformative projects. These activities will be planned and implemented in line with national policies and priorities.
Overall in the Central Asia region, and in particular in Uzbekistan there is an observed trend of increased climate warming. According to the UNEP aridity index , most of Uzbeksitan’s territory is characterized by increasing aridity. It is classified as a drought zone, suseptible to land degrdation and desertification. The annual average temperature has increased by 0.29 0C for each 10 years, which implies higher vulnerability to the effects of climate change by population and territories, than in some other countries, as intensity of warming is taking place at double the average pace for the world.
Climate change and climate-related disasters are threatening food security, livelihoods, and development gains in Uzbekistan, where the share of agriculture in GDP remains substantial. This sector faces serious challenges due to climate risks expressed in more frequent and increased water stress, intensified land degradation, mudflows and landslides. Floods threaten developing social and economic infrastructure and regional development. Thus, appropriate planning, design, finance and implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions, as well as climate-risk management is highly demanded.
The financial needs for Uzbekistan to effectively mitigate and adapt to climate change are significant. With the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), emerging programmes which support readiness activities to access its funds and of the recently adopted international climate agreement, this is a unique and timely opportunity for Uzbekistan to develop its institutional architecture for the effective, efficient, and sustainable management of climate finance.
The Green Climate Fund is the only financial mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which is fully dedicated to financing the adaptation and mitigation needs of developing countries. In this regard, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Resources Institute (WRI) are jointly implementing a global GCF Readiness Programme, with funding from the Government of Germany. Technical assistance is provided to nine countries aimed at strengthening national capacities and mechanisms for accessing and managing funding from this Fund.
Mr. Viktor Chub, the designated Focal Point to the GCF and General Director of Uzhydromet has emphasized that “Uzhydromet will lead the project to ensure national priorities are upheld throughout to achieve the desired outcomes. This will be done with the wider involvement and participation of national partner organizations and the private sector, through institutional strengthening and capacity building of national entities in Uzbekistan. With technical support from our UN partners, we will build a pipeline of GCF investments, which will complement the regional project CAMP4ASB, supported by the World Bank, which was approved by the GCF Board last month”.
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It’s an alarming statistic: Evidence shows that while children with certain behavioral issues require ten or more visits to various professionals, most drop out after only two or three such visits.
Dr. Joanne E. Cox of the Division of General Pediatrics decided to do something about it.
For more than three decades, Cox has tirelessly served children, adolescents, and their families—especially those who most need help and, paradoxically, often have the hardest time procuring it.
In recognition of the Primary Care Behavioral Health Integration Program she pioneered and leads, Cox is the 2018 recipient of the David S. Weiner Award, which annually recognizes an outstanding Boston Children’s Hospital faculty member, employee or provider for leadership and innovation in child health.
Sharon Weiner; David S. Weiner, former president and chief executive officer; Sandra L. Fenwick, president and chief executive officer; Joanne E. Cox, division of general pediatrics; Shari Nethersole, MD, executive director for community health; Judith S. Palfrey, MD, senior associate in pediatrics.
Each year, Boston Children’s Primary Care cares for over 22,000 children and adolescents. Most are from low-income neighborhoods, and they face many adversities—poverty, inadequate food or housing, a violent environment—that may lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and poor functioning in school.
It’s a challenge to make sure these kids get the help they need from physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers. In the past, all too often they did not, for myriad reasons. “It was hard to track who was getting connected and who wasn’t,” Cox says. “Cases would circle around to us when, for example, the school would call.”
The idea behind the Behavioral Health Integration Program, which began four years ago with a grant from Harvard Medical School, was to integrate behavioral health within pediatric care. At the time, it was the only such program in a pediatric setting. Cox was grateful for the Harvard grant because it helped her team implement a structure. “We got organized,” she says, “in the various disciplines and meetings. We had to provide [Harvard] monthly check-ins, we had to show progress.”
The benefits of the integrated approach quickly became apparent. It dramatically increased the probability that patients would obtain help. “We began to see how much better it was to have a registry,” Cox says.
Today, the mature system features enhanced screening in primary care; same-day assessments when required; assignment to an appropriate level of care; better training of pediatricians on behavioral health issues; care coordination for children with severe symptoms; and the aforementioned registry, an invaluable tracking tool.
There are many children and adolescents who’ve benefited. Cox notes one example, a girl who had witnessed life-threatening domestic violence before turning nine. As the girl reached early adolescence, she complained frequently about abdominal and head pain. “So we talked about stress,” Cox says.
At age 13, the patient had severe depression and suicidal ideation. “She had a complicated treatment program set up,” Cox says. Before the Behavioral Health Integration Program came together, the girl was working with so many agencies that “things would fall apart.” But under the program, “we were aware that care was disrupted. We connected her to a therapist right in primary care. We started weekly meetings, we tracked her situation.”
The girl went back to school, graduated, got a job. Tragically, she suffered a personal loss—but then “she immediately reached out to us. We upped her services and were able to respond right in the moment.”
While Cox is pleased with the program’s progress, she’s not resting on her laurels. “We need to understand more,” she says. “What services do families really need? What barriers make it difficult for them to comply with their programs? Too much of the care is still crisis-driven.”
Praise for the program among Cox’s colleagues has been widespread and effusive. The Behavioral Health Integration Program is “the critically needed roadmap for implementing this care model in the urban setting,” notes Dr. David R. DeMaso, Psychiatrist-in-Chief at Boston Children’s. The hospital is “blessed to have her at the helm,” adds Dr. Judith S. Palfrey, Senior Associate in Pediatrics .
Cox’s response, typically, is to spread the credit. The award, she insists, “is not just about me, but the people I work with.” When fully staffed, that team will include 10—another doctor, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, an administrator and a research assistant.
Informed that she is beloved—the word comes up repeatedly—by those co-workers and by all those she has helped, Dr. Cox chuckles and deflects: “I guess if you stick around long enough, you become beloved.”
She certainly has.
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Myanmar refugees may be hurt most by Trump resettlement cuts
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugees play before the start of their lessons in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugees play music in a classroom in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugees fix the linoleum floor of their classroom in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, a Christian Burmese refugee writes during an English lesson in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, a Christian Burmese refugee walks between two classrooms during lessons in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, a volunteer teacher erases the board after her English lesson after teaching Christian Burmese refugees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugees study during an English lesson in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugee students listen to a volunteer teacher during an English lesson in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017 photo, Tin, a Christian Burmese refugee, leaves a school after dropping off her children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tin is a Christian Burmese who fled Myanmar and is hoping to resettle in the United States. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
In this March 11, 2017, photo, Christian Burmese refugees sit in a classroom in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. An Associated Press analysis suggests that the people hurt most by President Donald Trump's planned deep cuts in refugee visas are from not any of the six Muslim countries listed in his travel ban, but Myanmar. (AP Photo/Joshua Paul)
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — Tin, her husband and five children have cleared years of refugee hurdles to come to the U.S.: blood tests, interviews, DNA and fingerprints, background checks. She has her one must-bring possession within reach, a well-worn Bible, and keeps their phone charged for the U.S. Embassy to call.
But the odds of that happening dropped precipitously.
President Donald Trump's 16-page travel ban "to keep the bad dudes out" bars new visas for people from six Muslim-majority countries and shuts down America's refugee program through mid-July. His executive order had been set to take effect Thursday, but a federal judge put it on hold hours before it was to take effect.
The order also includes a 55 percent reduction in refugee visas overall, from a planned 110,000 to 50,000 this year. This means, in some of the most desperate places in the world, 60,000 refugee visas are not going to be issued after all.
Who are the 60,000 people who may have lost their chance to resettle in the U.S. by September? An Associated Press analysis of 10 years of refugee data suggests that their most common country of origin is not any of the six nations in the travel ban, but Myanmar, also known as Burma. Thousands, like Tin and her family, are Christians who were persecuted in their native country.
They expected to resettle before September in the U.S., a place they consider home. More than 160,000 Burmese have resettled in the U.S. in the past decade, more than any other group. They account for nearly 25 percent of new U.S. refugees since 2007.
"America is really our fatherland in terms of religion," said Tin, 38. "They sent their missionaries to our country and taught us to be Christians. And now we had to escape. All we want is to be safe."
Under an authoritarian regime in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar, Christians face religious and political discrimination. Tin and her community fled Chin state, where Human Rights Watch says more than 90 percent of the residents were adhering to the tenets the American Baptist Church by 2009, pitting them against a military campaign to elevate Buddhism over all other religions.
Tin and others said that when they gathered for family prayers, people threw rocks at them. Soldiers busted into church services. They hid their precious Bibles for fear of attack.
School teacher Sang, 29, a Burmese refugee who learned English as a theology student, meticulously read through a copy of Trump's executive order last week and then looked up, nodding.
He said that while he agreed with the need to keep terrorists out of the U.S., "We are not terrorists, we are Christians. We will never be a problem in the United States. We will get educations, we will work hard. We only seek safety."
Tin and Sang are among more than 100,000 Christian Burmese refugees forced to flee in recent years. They live out of suitcases in abject poverty in Malaysia. Their kids can't go to school, and they risk deportation or detention if they try to report a crime.
And it's not just Christians. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims have also been forced to escape the country of 51 million, where soldiers torched homes, raped women and killed them in a crackdown that began in October.
Trump's "Executive Order Protecting The Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into The United States," says lowering the cap is necessary to U.S. interests. But the swift reduction in refugee visas interrupts work underway by federal law enforcement agencies and nonprofits around the world to vet 110,000 people in 2017, the highest number in decades. It was an attempt to put a small dent in the record 65 million refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons worldwide.
Nearly 38,000 have been admitted so far. Another 72,000 were preparing to arrive before the fiscal year ends in September. Instead, under Trump's order just 12,000 more will be allowed in. Exceptions can be made if the secretaries of State and Homeland Security agree.
"The safety and security of the American people is our highest priority," said a State Department official who provided a statement on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to talk on the record about it.
The U.S. defines refugees as people of "special humanitarian concern" who have been persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.
An AP analysis found that nearly half the refugees who have arrived in fiscal year 2017 came from the seven majority Muslim countries named in an earlier executive order. Refugees from Syria, in particular, have arrived in greater numbers in the past twelve months. Burma's share has dropped from 26 percent of all spots in 2015 to just 8 percent of the refugee caseload so far this fiscal year.
The AP also found refugees from Bhutan and Afghanistan make up a smaller proportion admitted in 2017 than in previous years.
About 210,000 refugees, largely Vietnamese and Cambodians, came to the U.S. in 1980, the most in any year. Refugee arrivals dropped to less than 30,000 after 9/11 prompted strict new immigration rules. But they have increased fairly steadily since 2004, and overall refugee admissions reached 85,000 last year.
The journeys of Burmese refugees begin in some of the poorest places on Earth: remote villages in strife-ridden regions. They pay smugglers upward of $500 for the harrowing two-week journey. Some end up in Thailand, where an estimated 100,000 live in refugee camps, known locally as "temporary shelters." Thai officials did not allow AP to visit.
In Malaysia there are about 130,000 Burmese refugees awaiting resettlement. They live in Kuala Lumpur's poorest neighborhoods, their makeshift plywood walls dividing ordinary two-bedroom apartment into a half dozen stifling family units, a stark contrast to city's glimmering skyscrapers. They can stay for years, their belongings packed in baggage, so they can be near the United Nations and U.S. Embassy if called to get stamps on documents or meet with officials.
Earlier this week, Tin — the mother waiting for the Embassy to call — dropped off her youngest son at a volunteer-run school. A teacher wrote words on the board, and asked students for three descriptive phrases.
Bauri Ram, 11, stared at his word, President.
"Donald Trump," someone had written. "Help other people."
Bauri Ram took up the blue marker: "They help refugees."
Hoyer reported from Washington. Associated Press journalist Maureen Linke in Washington contributed to this report.
The Latest: Son of slain N. Korean not in...
Malaysia is denying rumors that the son of the slain half brother of North Korea's leader is in the...
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SOFTBALL DROPS A PAIR AT NORTHERN COLORADO TO OPEN BIG SKY PLAY
Sacramento State (14-9, 0-1) 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 6 1
Northern Colorado (19-15, 1-0) 2 2 0 2 0 6 12 13 0
Sacramento State (14-10, 0-2) 2 0 0 0 0 4 2 8 8 1
Northern Colorado (20-15, 2-0) 0 0 0 8 0 1 X 9 11 2
2B: Suzy Brookshire
2B: TAYLOR, Sophia; SCHMIDT, Madi; GARCIA, Kaley; YOUNG, Mady; BROCKMANN, Emma; KUDRNA, Kenzie
3B: SCHMIDT, Madi
2B: Zamari Hinton 2; Sydney Rasmussen; Sydnee Strong
2B: TAYLOR, Sophia
GREELEY, Colo. - Sacramento State's offense combined for 12 runs over two games, but it was not enough as Northern Colorado swept a doubleheader from the Hornets to open Big Sky Conference play for both teams. The Bears won the first game in mercy rule fashion, 12-4, in six innings, before taking the nightcap, 9-8.
In both games, Northern Colorado recorded huge innings, including a six-run sixth inning in the opener, an an eight-run fourth inning in the second game. Sacramento State pitching allowed 24 hits and 21 runs (19 earned) over 11.1 innings, a rarity for a staff that entered day with a Big Sky-leading 2.77 team ERA. In addition, prior to today, Sacramento State had won five straight, and 10 of its last 11 games.
The Hornets dropped to 14-10 overall and 0-2 in league, losing their first two games of the conference season for the first time since the Big Sky began sponsoring softball in 2013. Northern Colorado improved its winning streak to four games, and now sits at 20-15 overall and 2-0 in league. The two teams conclude their three-game series tomorrow at noon PDT.
Three Hornets had big days offensively, including Nene Alas who was 3-for-5 with three walks, four runs scored, a stolen base and a .750 on-base percentage. Zamari Hinton went 4-for-7 with three runs scored, and Suzy Brookshire was 2-for-5 with four RBIs. All three players, who make up the first three batters in Sacramento State's lineup, hit safely in both games and improved their already lengthy hitting streaks. Brookshire's hitting streak now stands at a carer-high 13 games, Hinton has hit safely in 12 consecutive games, and Alas has a career-best seven-game hitting streak.
Alas, Hinton and Brookshire combined to go 9-for-17 during the doubleheader while the rest of the Sacramento State lineup went 5-for-36 over the two games. Alas is the leadoff hitter, Hinton bats second, and Brookshire hits third.
Northern Colorado put up crooked numbers in the first (2), second (2), fourth (2) and sixth (6) innings. Trailing, 4-1, the Hornets tied things with three runs in the top of the third on a two-run double from Brookshire and an RBI-single from Mo Spieth.
However, Northern Colorado would score eight unanswered runs to put things away. That included six runs in the sixth inning which allowed the Bears to win in mercy rule fashion. It marked just the second time Sacramento State has lost in mercy rule fashion this season.
Hornet right-hander Celina Matthias, who had been the Big Sky leader with a 1.62 ERA, was touched up for eight runs and 12 hits in 5.1 innings. Matthias (8-4) had allowed no earned runs in seven of her previous 11 outings prior to today. Valerie Vidal (13-5) got the victory for Northern Colorado, allowing six hits and four runs over six innings.
Alas reached base safely in all four plate appearances, going 2-for-2 with two walks, two runs scored and a stolen base. Hinton was 2-for-3 with a run scored, and Brookshire was 1-for-2 with a walk and two RBIs. The threesome went 5-for-7 while the rest of the lineup was 1-for-16.
Sacramento State put forth a spirited comeback that fell just short. Northern Colorado took an 8-2 lead into the sixth inning, but the Hornets scored four times in the sixth and twice more in the seventh to get within, 9-8. In that seventh inning, with two runs already on the board and Sacramento State trailing, 9-8, the Hornets had the potential tying run (on second base) and winning run (first base) aboard with two outs. However, Bears reliever Lauren Paige got Sydnee Strong to ground out to shortstop and end the game. It was Strong that had a huge three-run double in the top of the sixth inning that got the Hornets within, 8-6, of Northern Colorado's lead.
The Hornets scored the first two runs in the top of the first when Brookshire's groundout scored Alas from third base and Sydney Rasmussen's RBI-single scored Hinton. However, in the bottom of the fourth, Northern Colorado sent 13 batters to the plate, and scored eight times on six hits off of three Hornet pitchers. At one point, the Bears saw eight straight batters reach base safely.
Trailing, 8-2, Sacramento State scored four times in the sixth inning on an Alexxiss Diaz RBI-ground ball and Strong's three-run double. Northern Colorado would score what proved to be a huge run in the bottom of the sixth to extend its lead to 9-6.
In the seventh, Alas and Hinton led off with base hits, and both would eventually score - Alas on a wild pitch and Hinton on Brookshire's sacrifice fly. With two outs and no one aboard, Rasmussen doubled down the line and Diaz was hit by a pitch to put runners at first and second with two outs. However, the Hornets would not score again.
Chandler Elsner (3-1) got the win while Paige picked up her second save of the season. For Sacramento State, Savanna Corr (3-5) took the loss. Corr worked the first 3.1 innings of the game.
Hinton, Rasmussen and Strong were each 2-for-4, and were the lone Hornets with multiple-hit games.
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"How to" Directory
History of Pool
Cues and mechanical bridges
Games and formats
Rack and chalk
Tables and cloth
Billiard balls vary from game to game, in size, design and quantity.
Russian pyramid and kaisa have as size of 68 mm (2 11/16 in). In Russian pyramid there are sixteen balls, as in pool, but fifteen are white and numbered, and the cue ball is usually red. In Kaisa, five balls are used: the yellow object ball (called the kaisa in Finnish), two red object balls, and the two white cue balls (usually differentiated by one cue ball having a dot or other marking on it and each of which serves as an object ball for the opponent).
Carom billiards balls are larger than pool balls a diameter of 61.5 mm (2 7/16 in), and come as a set of two cue balls (one colored or marked) and an object ball (or two object balls in the case of the game four-ball).
American-style pool balls of 57 mm (2 1/4 in), are used in any pool game and found throughout the world, come in sets of two suits of object balls, seven solids and seven stripes, an 8 ball and a cue ball; the balls are racked differently for different games (some of which do not use the entire ball set). Blackball (English-style eight-ball) sets are similar, but have unmarked groups of red (or blue) and yellow balls instead of solids and stripes, and at 56 mm (2 3/16 in) are smaller than the American-style; they are used principally in Britain, Ireland, and some Commonwealth countries, though not exclusively, since they are unsuited for playing nine-ball.
Snooker balls are smaller than American-style pool balls with a diameter of 52.5 mm (2 1/15 in), and come in sets of 22 (15 reds, 6 "colors", and a cue ball). Other games, such as bumper pool, have custom ball sets.
Billiard balls have been made from many different materials since the start of the game, including clay, bakelite, celluloid, crystallite, ivory, plastic, steel and wood. The dominant material from 1627 until the early 20th century was ivory. The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental concerns but based on economic motivation and fear of danger for elephant hunters. It was in part spurred on by a New York billiard table manufacturer who announced a prize of $10,000 for a substitute material. The first viable substitute was celluloid, invented by John Wesley Hyatt in 1868, but the material was volatile, sometimes exploding during manufacture and was highly flammable.
Cues and mechanical brdiges
Billiards games are mostly played with a stick known as a cue. A cue is usually either a one piece tapered stick or a two piece stick divided in the middle by a joint of metal or phenolic resin. High quality cues are generally two pieces and are made of a hardwood, generally maple for billiards and ash for snooker.
The butt end of the cue is of larger circumference and is intended to be gripped by a player's hand. The shaft of the cue is of smaller circumference, usually tapering to an 0.4 to 0.55 inch (10 to 14 mm) terminus called a ferrule (usually made of fiberglass or brass in better cues), where a rounded leather tip is affixed, flush with the ferrule, to make final contact with balls. The tip, in conjunction with chalk, can be used to impart spin to the cue ball when it is not hit in its center.
Cheap cues are generally made of pine, low-grade maple (and formerly often of ramin, which is now endangered), or other low-quality wood, with inferior plastic ferrules. A quality cue can be expensive and may be made of exotic woods and other expensive materials which are artfully inlaid in decorative patterns. Many modern cues are also made, like golf clubs, with high-tech materials such as woven graphite. Skilled players may use more than one cue during a game, including a separate generally lighter cue for the opening break shot (because of cue speed gained from a lighter stick) and another, shorter cue with a special tip for jump shots.
The mechanical bridge, sometimes called a "rake", "bridge stick" or simply "bridge", and "rest" in the UK, is used to extend a player's reach on a shot where the cue ball is too far away for normal hand bridging. It consists of a stick with a grooved metal or plastic head which the cue slides on. Many amateurs refuse to use the mechanical bridge based on the perception that to do so is unmanly. However, many aficionados and most professionals employ the bridge whenever the intended shot so requires. Some players, especially current or former snooker players, use a screw-on cue butt extension instead of or in addition to the mechanical bridge. Bridge head design is varied, and not all designs (especially those with cue shaft-enclosing rings, or wheels on the bottom of the head), are broadly tournament-approved. In Italy a longer, thicker cue is typically available for this kind of tricky shot. Commonly in snooker they are available in three forms depending on how the player is hampered; the standard rest has a simple cross, the 'spider' has a raised arch around 12 cm with three grooves to rest the cue in and for the most awkward of shots, the 'giraffe' (or 'swan' in England) which has a raised arch much like the 'spider' but with a slender arm reaching out around 15 cm with the groove.
There are two main varieties of billiard games: carom and pocket. The main carom billiards games are straight rail, balkline and especially three cushion billiards. All are played on a pocketless table with three balls; two cue balls and one object ball. In all, players shoot a cue ball so that it makes contact with the opponent's cue ball as well as the object ball. Others of multinational interest are four-ball and five-pins.
There are three major subdivisions of games within cue sports:
Carom billiards, referring to games played on tables without pockets, typically 10-feet in length, including among others balk line and straight rail, cushion caroms, three-cushion billiards, artistic billiards and four-ball.
Pool, covering numerous pocket billiards games generally played on six-pocket tables of 7, 8, or 9-foot length, including among others eight-ball (the world's most widely played cue sport), nine-ball, ten-ball, straight pool, one-pocket and bank pool.
Snooker and English billiards, games played on a billiards table with six pockets called a snooker table (which has dimensions just under 12 ft. by 6 ft.), that are classified entirely separately from pool based on a separate historical development, as well as a separate culture and terminology that characterize their play.
More obscurely, there are games that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.
The most globally popular of the large variety of pocket games are Pool games (especially eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool and one-pocket) and snooker.
8-Ball and 9-Ball
In eight-ball and nine-ball, the object is to sink object balls until one can legally pocket the winning eponymous "money ball". Well-known but waning in popularity is straight pool, in which players seek to continue sinking balls, rack after rack if they can, to reach a pre-determined winning score (typically 150).
Related to nine-ball, another well-known game is rotation, where the lowest-numbered object ball on the table must be struck first, although any object ball may be pocketed (i.e., combination shot). Each pocketed ball is worth its number, and the player with the highest score at the end of the rack is the winner. Since there are only 120 points available (1 + 2 + 3 ? + 15 = 120), scoring 61 points leaves no opportunity for the opponent to catch up. One Pocket and Bank Pool
In both one-pocket and bank pool, the players must sink a set number of balls; respectively, all in a particular pocket, or all by bank shots.
In snooker, players score points by alternately potting red balls and various special "color balls".
English Billiards
English billiards, with some features of carom billiards, was one of the two most-competitive cue sports, along with balkline, at the turn of the previous century and is still enjoyed today especially in Commonwealth countries. Russian pyramid and its variants like kaisa are popular in the former Eastern bloc.
Straight Pool
In straight rail, a player scores a point and may continue shooting each time his cue ball makes contact with both other balls.
Although a difficult and subtle game, some of the best players of straight billiards developed the skill to gather the balls in a corner or along the same rail for the purpose of playing a series of nurse shots to score a seemingly limitless number of points.
The first straight rail professional tournament was held in 1879 where Jacob Schaefer, Sr. scored 690 points in a single turn (that is, 690 separate strokes without a miss). With the balls repetitively hit and barely moving in endless "nursing", there was little for the fans to watch.
Balkline
In light of these phenomenal skill developments in straight rail, the game of balkline soon developed to make it impossible for a player to keep the balls gathered in one part of the table for long, greatly limiting the effectiveness of nurse shots. A balkline (not to be confused with baulk line, which pertains to the game of English billiards) is a line parallel to one end of a billiards table. In the games of balkline – 18.1 and 18.2 (pronounced "eighteen-point-two") balkline, among other more obscure variations – the players have to drive at least one object ball past a balkline set at 18 inches (460 mm) from each rail, after one or two points have been scored, respectively.
Three-Cushion
A more elegant solution was three-cushion billiards, which requires a player to make contact with the other two balls on the table and contact three rail cushions in the process. This is difficult enough that even the best players can only manage to average one to two points per turn.
Formats for pool table games
There are many variations of games played on a standard pool table. Even within games types (e.g. eight-ball), there may be variations, and people may play recreationally using relaxed or local rules. A few of the more popular examples of pool games are given below.
Two-player & team games
Eight-ball: The goal is to pocket (pot) all of one's designated group of balls (either stripes vs. solids, or reds vs. yellows, depending upon the equipment), and then pocket the 8 ball in a called pocket.
Nine-ball: The goal is to pocket the 9 ball; the initial contact of the cue ball each turn must be with the lowest-numbered object ball remaining on the table; there are numerous variants such as seven-ball, six-ball, and the older forms of three-ball and ten-ball, that simply use a different number of balls and have a different money ball.
Straight pool (a.k.a. 14.1 continuous pool): The goal is to reach a predetermined number of points (e.g. 100); a point is earned by pocketing any called ball into a designated pocket; game play is by racks of 15 balls, and the last object ball of a rack is not pocketed, but left on the table with the opponent re-racking the remaining 14 before game play continues.
Bank pool: The goal is to reach a predetermined number of points; a point is earned by pocketing any called ball by banking it into a designated pocket (using one or more cushion.
Speed Pool: Speed pool is a standard billiards game where the balls must be pocketed in as little time as possible. Rules vary greatly from tournament to tournament. The International Speed Pool Challenge has been held annually since 2006.
English Billiards & Snooker:
Dating to approximately 1800, English billiards, called simply billiards in many former British colonies and in Great Britain where it originated, was originally called the winning and losing carambole game, folding in the names of three predecessor games, the winning game, the losing game and the carambole game (an early form of straight rail), that combined to form it. The game features both cannons (caroms) and the pocketing of balls as objects of play. English billiards requires two cue balls and a red object ball. The object of the game is to score either a fixed number of points, or score the most points within a set time frame, determined at the start of the game.
Points are awarded for: Two-ball cannons: striking both the object ball and the other (opponent's) cue ball on the same shot (2 points)
Winning hazards: potting the red ball (3 points); potting the other cue ball (2 points)
Losing hazards (or "in-offs"): potting one's cue ball by cannoning off another ball (3 points if the red ball was hit first; 2 points if the other cue ball was hit first, or if the red and other cue ball were "split", i.e., hit simultaneously).
Snooker is a pocket billiards game originated by British officers stationed in India during the 19th century, based on earlier pool games such as black pool and life pool. The name of the game became generalized to also describe one of its prime strategies: to "snooker" the opposing player by causing that player to foul or leave an opening to be exploited.
In the United Kingdom, snooker is by far the most popular cue sport at the competitive level, and major national pastime along with association football and cricket. It is played in many other countries as well. Snooker is uncommon in North America, where pool games such as eight-ball and nine-ball dominate, and Latin America, where carom games dominate. The first International Snooker Championship was held in 1927, and it has been held annually since then with few exceptions. The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) was established in 1968 to regulate the professional game, while the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) regulates the amateur games.
Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick which is used to strike billiard balls, moving them around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by rubber cushions.
Historically, the umbrella term was billiards. While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world. For example, in British and Australian English, "billiards" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.
The early croquet-like games eventually led to the development of the carom or carambole billiards category – what most non-US and non-UK speakers mean by the word "billiards". These games, which once completely dominated the cue sports world but have declined markedly in many areas over the last few generations, are games played with three or sometimes four balls, on a table without holes (and without obstructions or targets in most cases), in which the goal is generally to strike one object ball with a cue ball, then have the cue ball rebound off of one or more of the cushions and strike a second object ball. Variations include three-cushion, straight rail and the balkline variants, cushion caroms, five-pins, and four-ball, among others.
Over time, a type of obstacle returned, originally as a hazard and later as a target, in the form of pockets, or holes partly cut into the table bed and partly into the cushions, leading to the rise of pocket billiards, including "pool" games such as eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool and one-pocket; Russian pyramid; snooker; English billiards and others.
In the United States pool and billiards had died out for a bit, but between 1878 and 1956 pool and billiards became very popular. Players in annual championships began to receive their own cigarette cards. This was mainly due to the fact that if was a popular pastime for troops to take their minds off from battle. However, by the end of World War II pool and billiards began to die down once again. It wasn’t until 1961 when the film "The Hustler" came out that sparked a new interest in the game. Now the game is generally a well-known game and has many players of all different skill levels.
There are few more cheerful sights, when the evenings are long, and the weather dull, than a handsome, well-lighted billiard room, with the smooth, green surface of the billiard table; the ivory balls flying noiselessly here and there, or clicking musically together.
—Charles Dickens Jr., (1889)
Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line "let's to billiards" in Antony and Cleopatra (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Dickens, George, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, Jackie Gleason, and many others.
All cue sports are generally regarded to have evolved into indoor games from outdoor stick-and-ball lawn games (retroactively termed ground billiards), and as such to be related to trucco, croquet and golf, and more distantly to the stickless bocce and balls.
The first known mention of a form of the word "billiards" appears in Edmund Spenser's Mother Hubberd's Tale in 1591, where he speaks of "all thriftles games that may be found ... with dice, with cards, with balliards." The word "billiard" may have evolved from the French word billart or billette, meaning "stick", in reference to the mace, an implement similar to a golf club, which was the forerunner to the modern cue; the term's origin may have also been from French bille, meaning "ball". The modern term "cue sports" can be used to encompass the ancestral mace games, and even the modern cueless variants, such as finger billiards, for historical reasons. "Cue" itself came from queue, the French word for a tail. This refers to the early practice of using the tail of the mace to strike the ball when it lay against a rail cushion.
A recognizable form of billiards was played outdoors in the 1340s, and was reminiscent of croquet. King Louis XI of France (1461–1483) had the first known indoor billiard table. Louis XIV further refined and popularized the game, and it swiftly spread amongst the French nobility. While the game had long been played on the ground, this version appears to have died out in the 17th century, in favor of croquet, golf and bowling games, while table billiards had grown in popularity as an indoor activity. Mary, Queen of Scots, claimed that her "table de billiard" had been taken away by what would eventually become her executioners (who covered her body with the table's cloth). In 1588, the Duke of Norfolk, owned a "billyard bord coered with a greene cloth... three billyard sticks and 11 balls of yvery". Billiards grew to the extent that by 1727, it was being played in almost every Paris cafe. In England, the game was developing into a very popular activity for members of the gentry.
By 1670, the thin butt end of the mace began to be used not only for shots under the cushion (which itself was originally only there as a preventative method to stop balls from rolling off), but players increasingly preferred it for other shots as well. The cue as it is known today was finally developed by about 1800.
Initially, the mace was used to push the balls, rather than strike them. The newly developed striking cue provided a new challenge. Cushions began to be stuffed with substances to allow the balls to rebound, in order to enhance the appeal of the game. After a transitional period where only the better players would use cues, the cue came to be the first choice of equipment.
The demand for tables and other equipment was initially met in Europe by John Thurston and other furniture makers of the era. The early balls were made from wood and clay, but the rich preferred to use ivory.
Early billiard games involved various pieces of additional equipment, including the "arch" (related to the croquet hoop), "port" (a different hoop) and "king" (a pin or skittle near the arch) in the 1770s, but other game variants, relying on the cushions (and eventually on pockets cut into them), were being formed that would go on to play fundamental roles in the development of modern billiards.
A rack is the name given to a frame (usually wood, plastic or aluminium) used to organize billiard balls at the beginning of a game. This is traditionally triangular in shape, but varies with the type of billiards played. There are two main types of racks; the more common triangular shape which is used for eight-ball and straight pool and the diamond shaped rack used for nine-ball.
Chalk is applied to the tip of the cue stick, ideally before every shot, to increase the tip's friction coefficient so that when it impacts the cue ball on a non-center hit, no miscue (unintentional slippage between the cue tip and the struck ball) occurs. Cue tip chalk is not actually the substance typically referred to as "chalk" (generally calcium carbonate, also known as calcite or carbonate of lime), but any of several proprietary compounds, with a silicate base. It was around the time of the Industrial Revolution that newer compounds formed that provided better grip for the ball. This is when the English began to experiment with side spin or applying curl to the ball. This was shortly introduced to the American players and is how the term “putting English on the ball” came to be. "Chalk" may also refer to a cone of fine, white hand chalk; like talc (talcum powder) it can be used to reduce friction between the cue and bridge hand during shooting, for a smoother stroke. Some brands of hand chalk actually are made of compressed talc. (Tip chalk is not used for this purpose because it is abrasive, hand-staining and difficult to apply.) Many players prefer a slick pool glove over hand chalk or talc because of the messiness of these powders; buildup of particles on the cloth will affect ball behavior and necessitate more-frequent cloth cleaning. Some players find it useful to moisten the chalk with saliva thereby creating a chalky paste which performs as a lubricant on the cue stick. This lubrication method is usually attributed to professional pool player Hal "Spitty-Smitty" Smith.
Cue tip chalk (invented in its modern form by straight rail billiard pro William A. Spinks and chemist William Hoskins in 1897) is made by crushing silica and the abrasive substance corundum or aloxite (aluminium oxide), into a powder. It is combined with dye (originally and most commonly green or blue-green, like traditional billiard cloth, but available today, like the cloth, in many colors) and a binder (glue). Each manufacturer's brand has different qualities, which can significantly affect play. High humidity can also impair the effectiveness of chalk. Harder, drier compounds are generally considered superior by most players.
There are many sizes and styles of pool and billiard tables. Generally, tables are rectangles twice as long as they are wide. Most pool tables are known as 7-, 8-, or 9-footers, referring to the length of the table's long side. Full-size snooker and English billiard tables are 12 feet (3.7 m) long on the longest side. Pool halls tend to have 9-foot (2.7 m) tables and cater to the serious pool player. Pubs will typically use 7-foot (2.1 m) tables which are often coin-operated. Formerly, 10-foot (3 m) tables were common, but such tables are now considered antique collectors items. A few, usually from the late 19th century, can be found in pool halls from time to time. Ten-foot tables remain the standard size for carom billiard games. The slates on modern carom tables are usually heated to stave off moisture and provide a consistent playing surface.
The length of the pool table will typically be a function of space, with many homeowners purchasing an 8-foot (2.4 m) table as a compromise. High quality tables are mostly 4.5 by 9 ft (2.7 m). (interior dimensions), with a bed made of three pieces of thick slate to prevent warping and changes due to humidity. Smaller bar tables are most commonly made with a single piece of slate. Pocket billiards tables of all types normally have six pockets, three on each side (four corner pockets, and two middle or side pockets).
All types of tables are covered with billiard cloth (often called "felt", but actually a woven wool or wool/nylon blend called baize). Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century. In fact, the predecessor company of the most famous maker of billiard cloth, Iwan Simonis, was formed in 1453.
Bar or tavern tables, which get a lot of play, use "slower", more durable cloth. The cloth used in upscale pool (and snooker) halls and home billiard rooms is "faster" (i.e., provides less friction, allowing the balls to roll farther across the table bed), and competition-quality pool cloth is made from 100 % worsted wool. Snooker cloth traditionally has a nap (consistent fiber directionality) and balls behave differently when rolling against versus along with the nap.
The cloth of the billiard table has traditionally been green, reflecting its origin (originally the grass of ancestral lawn games), and has been so colored since the 16th century, but it is also produced in other colors such as red and blue.
The cloth was earlier said to be the most important part of the game, most likely because of the reflection of the game's origin. The players were stubborn in the fact that the cloth should not be ripped. They even made women continue to use maces after cues were invented, for fear that they would rip the cloth with the sharper cues.
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Newburgh applies for federal study on toxic chemical exposure
Leonard Sparks Times Herald-Record @LeonSparks845
CITY OF NEWBURGH — Newburgh officials are hoping the city is included in a nationwide federal study of exposure to the toxic chemicals that have polluted water supplies in the city and other municipalities around the country.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Center for Environmental Health are taking public comments on a plan to collect blood, urine, tap water and dust samples from households exposed to polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from nearby military facilities.
The class of man-made chemicals includes perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), whose high levels in Washington Lake spurred the shutdown of Newburgh’s primary water supply in May 2016.
Stewart Air National Guard Base has been named the source of the lake’s contamination, and high concentrations of PFAS have also been found at New York Stewart International Airport.
The chemicals exist in foams used by military facilities and airports to extinguish aircraft fires. Studies have associated them with a number of health problems, including kidney and testicular cancers, birth defects and high cholesterol.
“We want to make sure that we participate in the study,” Mayor Torrance Harvey said. “Hopefully, this will bring a greater awareness to the nation and the world about contamination in water sources, because Newburgh is not the only community affected by this.”
At least eight assessments will be undertaken at current or former military facilities with known contamination from PFAS, according to the ATSDR. In addition to a state investigation, a probe conducted by the Department of Defense confirmed PFOS contamination on the base and in a stream that fed Washington Lake.
The ATSDR is evaluating sites for inclusion in its study. Among the factors being considered is whether the affected communities have undergone blood testing.
Residents in the City of Newburgh and surrounding towns were offered free blood testing under a state program started in November 2016.
Results for the first 370 people tested showed a middle level of 16 parts per billion, meaning half those tested were above that number and half below. The result was three times higher than the national average of 5.2 parts per billion.
Current city residents showed the highest middle level — 20 parts per billion.
The state is also undertaking a separate study of cancer cases in Newburgh.
lsparks@th-record.com
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Home | Wire | Our Republic's First Economist
Our Republic's First Economist
Tags Money and BanksU.S. HistoryMoney and Banking
08/18/2018Percy L. Greaves, Jr.
On the fourth of July we pay homage to our Founding Fathers — the men who gave us our freedom. One of the greatest of these 18th century "giants" was our Nation's first economist, Pelatiah Webster.
Webster was more than an economist. He was also an ordained minister, a preacher, a teacher, a merchant, and statesman. He understood, more than most men of his day and most men since, the interrelationship of moral and economic law.
Webster, was among the first, if not the first, to see the need for our present Constitution, His early writings, setting forth many principles later adopted, led his admirers to call him the father of that document.
His analytic insight into the economic fallacies of his troubled times brought from one historian the compliment that "Webster was the American Adam Smith of that epoch on all the great questions touching economics and currency."
This great economist was born in 1726 at Lebanon, Connecticut. Twenty years later, on graduation from Yale, he became a student of theology. He was ordained a minister in 1749, and preached for six years at Greenwich, Massachusetts. Then, because of necessity rather than inclination, he became a merchant in Philadelphia, and in his spare time, taught school at Germantown Academy.
When the Declaration of Independence was signed, Webster was a mature man of fifty and a keen observer of the Continental Congress. He noted with fear the first printing of Continental notes in 1775. He saw that many people were carried away with the idea that the Revolutionary War could be financed entirely by printing Continental paper money.
So, in the fall of 1776, Webster published his first pamphlet on money. He warned that our Continental currency might become worthless. Much of what he said then is pertinent today. To fight inflation, he urged "good economy in bringing the burden equally on all, in proportion to their abilities; but then I feel it very necessary that they should pay as they go, as near as may be."
He felt that the use of unbacked paper money was a dangerous expediency because it created more money "than is necessary for a medium of trade." Inflation, he felt, would discourage trade because "nobody will import goods and sell them. For in that case profits may be nominal, the loss will be real."
He wrote that there were only three ways to reduce and control the quantity of Continental notes in circulation. The first was to destroy them. The second was to export them but no other country would take them. The "third and, in my opinion, the only practicable way of lessening the quantity is by a tax, which can never be paid so easy as when money is more plenty than goods, and of course, the very cause which makes the tax necessary, facilitates the payment of it. The tax ought to be equal to the excess of the currency, so as to lessen the currency down to that quantity which is necessary for a medium of trade."
In April, 1777, while en route to Boston with a cargo of flour and iron, he and his ship were seized by the British. He was held prisoner for several weeks in Newport, Rhode Island, before being permitted to return to Philadelphia.
One night in February, 1778, he was again arrested by the British "on account of his order in the patriotic cause." He was imprisoned for four months and a large part of his property was confiscated for the King's stores. His only son served in the Continental Army.
The war so destroyed his business that he found himself with considerable leisure. He devoted most of the war years to studying "the original, natural principles" of economics and "to suffer my mind to be drawn on without bias or any incidental prejudice, to such conclusions as those original principles would naturally lead, and demonstrate." He saw that the war created "new problems which America had never seen before and, of course, knew not how either to obviate or solve them."
After mastering the principles of economic life, Webster started writing about them. His arguments on "the danger of too much circulating cash" are still pertinent. He argued strongly in favor of taxes rather than loans to support the war. After writing one paper on the dangers of inflation, he wrote seven essays on Free Trade and Finance. The first of these essays appeared in July, 1779, and said:
Freedom of trade, or unrestrained liberty of the subject to hold or dispose of his property as he pleases, is absolutely necessary to the prosperity of every community, and to the happiness of all individuals who compose it….All experience shows that the most effective way to turn a scarcity into a plenty, is to raise the price of the articles wanted…In times of danger, distress, and difficulty every man will use strong endeavors to get his goods to market, in proportion to the necessity and great demand for them; because they will then bring the best price, and every man is fond of embracing golden opportunities and favorable chances….In times of scarcity, every man will have strong inducements to bring all he can spare to market, because it will then bring the highest price he can ever expect, and consequently the community will have the benefit of all that exists among them, in a much surer manner than any degree of force could extort it, and all to the entire satisfaction of buyer and seller…"
Restraint of property and limitation of prices will hurt any community….Every man will make his goods for market a bad quality, or at least not the best, for they must all go at the limited price, and he therefore gets nothing for any special care or skill he may bestow on his goods. ... In times of danger, distress, and difficulty no man will be induced to any great efforts to supply the market; for the additional danger makes an additional expense upon the goods; and he must take the limited price and no more; he will not consequently combat or risk an increase of danger and expense without any chance of compensation. When things grow scarce, every man will endeavor to lay in great stores if he can do it without an increase of price, and will not think it necessary to retrench his expenses, whilst he thinks his stock will last through the scarcity; the consequence of which is, that all the scarce articles at market will be scrambled up by a few hands, who will have no inducement to parsimony in the expenditure of them, by which the scarcity and distress are increased, and many must be wholly destitute; and as far as this respects the necessities of life; the consequences must be dreadful. ... The difficulties which must attend the execution of such an act of limitation, may perhaps furnish not the least objection to it. ... Must he have his house searched from top to bottom for concealments? Even the lodging-rooms of his wife and daughters!..."
It is not possible to form a limitation of prices which shall be just, and therefore the whole scheme necessarily implies injustice. ... Another mischievous consequence of this fatal measure, and not the least, I conceive to be its unhappy tendency to corrupt the morals and integrity of the people. ... These are arguments grounded on plain fact, they have their foundation in the laws of nature, and no artifice or force of men can prevent, elude, or avoid their effects; their operation is uncontrollable, and therefore I conceive all opposition to them is the height of absurdity, and dangerous in the highest degree."
In 1779 the second Free Trade and Finance pamphlet again urged taxes as a means of reducing the number of Continental bills which had flooded the country. He opposed further war financing by printing press inflation because "this method brings the burden beyond due proportion, on the most virtuous and useful of our people such as by prudence and economy have made money and got a good command of cash ... and at the same time operates in favor of the most worthless men amongst us, the dissipating, slack, lazy and dilatory sort, who commonly keep themselves in debt and live on the fortunes of others. These contemptible, useless characters pay (only a fraction) of the debt they contracted with the frugal and industrious. ... The burden comes very heavy on the most helpless part of our people, who are most entitled to the protection of the State, and ought not to have their burdens increased; such as widows, orphans, and old men, whose principal dependence is on legacies, money at interest, etc.
In 1780 his third free trade essay said, "I beg leave to propose one thing more, viz., to take off every restraint from our trade. Let every man be at liberty to get money as fast as he can; and let the public call for it as fast as public exigence requires. Limitations of our trade have been so often tried, so strongly enforced, and have so constantly failed of the intended effect, and have, in every instance, produced so much injustice and oppression in our dealings, and excited so many quarrels, so much ill-will and chagrin among our people, that they have, in every instance, after some time of most pernicious continuance, been laid aside by a kind of general consent, and even most of their advocates have been convinced of their hurtful tendency, as well as utter impracticability."
The Madison Papers, published in 1841, cite Pelatiah Webster as the author of the 1781 pamphlet, which suggested that "The authority of Congress at present is very inadequate to perform their duties, and this indicates the necessity of calling a Continental Convention for the express purpose of ascertaining, defining, enlarging, and limiting the duties and powers of their Constitution."
In February 1783, Webster published his most famous pamphlet, A Dissertation on the Political Union and Constitution of the Thirteen United States of North America, Which is necessary to their Preservation and Happiness; humbly offered to the Public. This pamphlet, written four years before the Constitutional Convention, proposed a new Constitution to provide three separate and distinct departments, a legislature of two chambers, and a judicial system based on the supremacy of Federal law. The new Federal Government was to be one of delegated powers with the residuum remaining in the States.
A Yale biographer of Webster reports that "It is a matter of tradition that Members of Congress, especially the Connecticut delegates, were in the habit of passing evenings with him, to consult him on financial and political concerns." Among his friends in the Continental Congress were such youngsters as Madison, Pinckney, Randolph and Hamilton—the men who were later to write his ideas into our Constitution.
In editing a collection of his pamphlets in 1791, Webster wrote, "It is probable that politicians and statesmen who may be involved in these inquires, might find benefit in an attention to American experience. ... We have an opportunity of learning wisdom from it. ... Most people at the time were wrought up to such a passionate attachment to the American cause, that they had no patience to examine and consider coldly the means necessary to support it."
Those who lived through our Revolutionary era profited from their experience. They read and understood the facts and fallacies exposed by Webster, the Republic's first great economist. The follies of inflation and price control were lessons well learned unto the third and fourth generation. Our own generation might well profit by the many wise words of Pelatiah Webster.
But as he said: "The great Creator has not given to all men equal discernment; some politicians are short-sighted, and cannot see the distant ill consequences of measures which yield a present advantage, but he must be a stupid blockhead who cannot see such effects when they stare him in the face, and stand in full fact before his eyes."
[Reprinted from Christian Economics, July 4, 1951.]
Percy L. Greaves, Jr. (1906–1984) was a free-market economist for US News (the forerunner of US News and World Report) and authored several books on economics, including Understanding the Dollar Crisis and Mises Made Easier. He was also a seminar speaker and discussion leader with the Foundation for Economic Education. Percy and his wife Bettina Bien Greaves were long-time associates and friends of Ludwig von Mises, and regular attendants at Mises's New York University seminar.
Note: The views expressed on Mises.org are not necessarily those of the Mises Institute.
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Meet the Writer
Percy L. Greaves, Jr.
Percy L. Greaves, Jr. (1906–1984) was a free-market economist for US News (the forerunner of...
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The Economics of the Great Depression
In this five-lecture course, Dr. Robert Murphy analyzes the Great Depression from an Austrian perspective.
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Trump’s appointees are stickin’ it to the elites!
Repeal and destroy
I realize Obamacare wasn’t perfect — my own premiums have spiked, in part because so many people in Texas had gone without coverage for so long that they overwhelmed the system. But I’d still take the Affordable Care Act over what we had before any day. As a self-employed person, health insurance has been the bane of my existence for much of my career. For a few blissful years, I didn’t have to worry about it. Now I’m back to worrying. Why does Trump hate small businesspeople?
Of course I wish we had universal health care like most other industrialized nations on earth, but that wasn’t politically possible at the time Obama sought reform, and something had to be done. The ACA saved lives, and for that I’m grateful.
Oddly Familiar Talking Points
Apologies for the late posting this week. I had to dig myself out of a post-holiday pileup of to-dos.
Let me start by saying I consider myself to be somewhat to the left of Bernie. I favor a Scandinavian-style social safety net — heck, I am Scandinavian. And I admire Elizabeth Warren more than just about anyone. So this comic is not coming from the perspective of a milquetoast centrist Democrat, or even a strong Hillary partisan, as I’m guessing some will assume in our world of fun political binaries. What concerns me is that I’m seeing fundamentally right-wing concepts being adopted by those who self-identify as lefties or progressives. You might say I’m criticizing the left from the left.
To address a few points raised in the cartoon: I shouldn’t need to even spell this out, but as a gentle reminder, Russia is an authoritarian regime that crushes free speech, dissidents, LGBT rights, and now, apparently, my own health insurance. This didn’t just happen to Hillary; it happened to all of us. It’s pretty much the definition of what should be a non-partisan concern. Mountains of evidence exist for Putin’s attempt to swing our election (and others), and to minimize the problem is nothing short of laughable. And yes, I do think the interference had a substantial impact.
Hillary has certainly frustrated me at times over the years, but I came to admire her intelligence and poise over the course of this election cycle. Her performance at the debates with Trump was nothing short of heroic. She also ran on the most progressive Democratic platform ever, but since policy has become almost completely divorced from politics, that doesn’t get talked about much. I could go on, but as my husband says, this was not so much an election as an exorcism, the culmination of a decades-long smear campaign by the right.
The term “political correctness” has been the cornerstone of conservative efforts to transform the ideas of civil rights and equality into something frivolous and stupid. The right loves plucking silly examples from obscure, powerless people and blowing them up into huge “culture war” issues that supposedly threaten the nation. “PC” is an insult that plays into their hands.
Along these same lines, “liberal elites” — long a Fox News favorite — is designed to shift attention away from the actual economic elites hoovering up the world’s wealth and resources, such as the Koch Brothers or Trump, and instead make one think of poodle-owning urbanites supposedly looking down their noses at everyone (while in reality voting to raise the minimum wage). It’s a frame, not a fact, and hides a deep anti-intellectual agenda. By definition, I would say a liberal is someone who cares about the less fortunate. So a liberal “elite” would be a liberal with power. However, the term is thrown around as a pejorative to smear just about anyone — feminists, college student activists, etc. — rendering it meaningless, and an effective right-wing language hack that divides the left.
So don’t fall for these con-job concepts! We progressives need to be strategic in our opposition, not Fox News Lefties.
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The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002-2008
FENWICK, A. ; WEBSTER, J. P. ; BOSQUE-OLIVA, E. ; BLAIR, L. ; FLEMING, F. M. ; ZHANG, Y. ; GARBA, A. ; STOTHARD, J. R. ; GABRIELLI, A. F. ; CLEMENTS, A. C. A. ; KABATEREINE, N. B. ; TOURE, S. ; DEMBELE, R. ; NYANDINDI, U. ; MWANSA, J. ; KOUKOUNARI, A.
In: Parasitology, 2009, vol. 136, no. 13, p. 1719-1730
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FENWICK, A.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
WEBSTER, J. P.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
BOSQUE-OLIVA, E.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
BLAIR, L.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
FLEMING, F. M.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
ZHANG, Y.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
GARBA, A.. Programme National de Lutte contre la Bilharziose et les Géohelminthes, Ministère de la Santé Publique, 2648 Bd du Zarmaganda, B.P. 13724 Niamey, Niger
STOTHARD, J. R.. Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
GABRIELLI, A. F.. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
CLEMENTS, A. C. A.. University of Queensland School of Population Health, Herston Road, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
KABATEREINE, N. B.. Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda
TOURE, S.. Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 B.P. 9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
DEMBELE, R.. Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase, PNLSH-Quartier du Fleuve, B.P. 228, Bamako, Mali
NYANDINDI, U.. National Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Helminth Control Programme, National School Health Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
MWANSA, J.. University Teaching Hospital, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Private Bag, RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
KOUKOUNARI, A.. Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
Parasitology, 2009, vol. 136, no. 13, p. 1719-1730. Cambridge University Press
Publisher's version : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009990400
Schistosomiasis ; control ; morbidity ; mapping ; monitoring and evaluation
OAI-PMH Identifier
oai:doc.rero.ch:300789
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in developing countries. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the most important tropical disease in terms of human morbidity with significant economic and public health consequences. Although schistosomiasis has recently attracted increased focus and funding for control, it has been estimated that less than 20% of the funding needed to control the disease in Africa is currently available. In this article the following issues are discussed: the rationale, development and objectives of the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI)-supported programmes; the management approaches followed to achieve implementation by each country; mapping, monitoring and evaluation activities with quantifiable impact of control programmes; monitoring for any potential drug resistance; and finally exit strategies within each country. The results have demonstrated that morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been reduced by the control programmes. While challenges remain, the case for the control of schistosomiasis has been strengthened by research by SCI teams and the principle that a national programme using ‘preventive chemotherapy' can be successfully implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, whenever the resources are available. SCI and partners are now actively striving to raise further funds to expand the coverage of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa
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Affected by the sharp drop in panel prices LG Display's first operating loss in six years
via:博客园 time:2018/4/25 12:33:14 readed:606
Tencent Technology News, according to foreign media reports, South Korea's LG Display today released the latest quarterly earnings report, affected by the sharp drop in panel prices, the company for the first time in six years of operating losses. The decline in panel prices was mainly due to the influx of Chinese competitors and the sluggish sales of LCD screens.
In order to meet the growing demand, LG Display will shift more production capacity to produce OLED panels. The investment cost in this area has dragged the company’s earnings.
The company’s chief financial officer, Don Kim, said in a statement: “The market situation has changed faster than expected. We will focus on effective and flexible capital expenditure management, and maintain operating performance, including increasing cost reductions. ”
The Apple supplier’s operating loss for the first quarter reached 98 billion won (approximately US$91 million). In contrast, the company’s operating profit was 1 trillion won (approximately US$930 million) in the same period a year ago; the average forecast of 14 analysts by Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S was an operating loss of 581 KRW (100 million U.S. dollars).
LG Display's revenue for the first quarter was 5.7 trillion won (US$5.3 billion), a decrease of 19.6% year-on-year.
Analysts said that Chinese panel makers increased their productivity with the support of government subsidies, causing panel prices to fall further. The key prices for LCDs fell by 6% to 10% in the first quarter.
Investors' concern over market oversupply has caused LG Display's share price to drop by about 17% this year.
Kim, the company’s chief financial officer, said that the company’s panel shipments are expected to increase from the current quarter as consumers are expected to purchase larger screens to watch large sporting events.
He also said that it is expected that LCD panel prices will stabilize during the quarter, while demand for large-size OLED panels will remain strong.
LG Display, which has seen weak sales of the iPhone in China, said its performance continued to be sluggish this year.
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AZURE MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP filed this Form 8-K on 03/21/2017
accurate and complete in all material respects with respect to the information for the applicable period, without representation as to any specific monthly volume. Subsequent to June 30, 2016, there have been no material adverse changes in the volumes of Hydrocarbons (or products or derivatives thereof) or Salt Water gathered and transported by the Pipeline System, processed in the Plants or disposed in the SWD Wells.
4.17 Employee Matters.
(a) There does not now exist, nor do any circumstances exist that would reasonably be expected to result in, any material Liability under Title IV of ERISA, Section 302 of ERISA or Sections 412 and 4971 of the Code, in each case that could reasonably be expected to be a Liability of Buyer or any of its Affiliates following the Closing.
(b) (i) Except as set forth on Schedule 4.17(b), none of Sellers is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union Contract; (ii) no Employee is represented by a union or labor organization with respect to his or her work for Sellers or their respective Affiliates and, to the Knowledge of Sellers, no union organizational campaign presently exists or has existed with respect to any Employees and no request or petition for union representation has been filed or made; (iii) no material work stoppage, work slowdown, walk-out, boycott, corporate campaign, sit-in, strike, lock-out, picket, demonstration, protest or other material labor unrest is threatened by or with respect to any Employee; and (iv) there are no pending or, to the Knowledge of Sellers, threatened matters involving Employees, before the National Labor Relations Board.
4.18 Affiliate Interests. All Contracts between any Seller, on the one hand, and (a) any Affiliate of any Seller or (b) any officer, director or employee of any Seller (any such officer, director, or employee, an Insider), on the other hand, are listed on Schedule 4.18 hereto.
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(a) Schedule 4.19(a) hereto sets forth all material Intellectual Property owned by or licensed to Sellers that is used in the operation of the Business as currently conducted, including each jurisdiction of registration for each patent and trademark. Schedule 4.19(a) also identifies the name of the record owner of the applicable Intellectual Property.
(b) Except for licenses set forth on Schedule 4.19(b) and licenses of non-customized commercially available off-the-shelf software subject to shrink-wrap or click-wrap license agreements, there are no licenses of Intellectual Property by a third party to Sellers or any of their Affiliates (including Insiders) that are material to the operation of the Business as currently conducted by Sellers and their respective Affiliates (including Insiders).
(c) Except as set forth on Schedule 4.19(c), there are no Contracts, licenses, permissions or other agreements pursuant to which Sellers have granted any license or other right to use any such Sellers Intellectual Property. No claims have been asserted against Sellers by any Person with respect to the ownership, validity, enforceability or use of any such Intellectual Property, or challenging or questioning the validity or effectiveness of any such Intellectual Property in any jurisdiction. To the Knowledge of Sellers, (i) no Person is infringing upon the Intellectual Property of Sellers and (ii) the operation of the Business and the use of the
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In conjunction with MICCAI 2017, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, Sept 14, 2017
MICCAI Grand Challenge on 6-month Infant Brain MRI Segmentation
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Baby Connectome Project (BCP) is recently started and will acquire and release thousands of infant MRI scans. Due to the fact that infant MRIs are often affected by motion artifacts, low imaging contrast, low SNR, low spatial resolution, and high dropout rate, there are many challenges for the data analysis on this unique dataset:
Segmentation of structural MRI
Cortical surface reconstruction and mapping
Registration and atlas building
Structural and functional connectivity analysis
Multimodal brain parcellation
Therefore, our keynote speakers will cover these challenging topics in their talks.
WEILI LIN, Ph.D.
Dr. Lin currently serves as the Director of Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The BRIC, an institution center, houses a comprehensive collection of human and small animal imaging scanners and 32 faculty members with diverse expertise on imaging related topics. Dr. Lin is the Dixie Lee Boney Soo Distinguished Professor of Neurological Medicine. He is a Professor of Radiology, Neurology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacy and serves as the Vice Chair of Basic Research in the Department of Radiology. Dr. Lin was elected as a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2012, and has served on numerous National Institutes of Health (NIH) study sections as a regular or ad hoc member over the past 25 years. He has published more than 250 peer-reviewed articles with research interests focused on early brain functional and structural development, discerning cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients with neurological diseases, and technical development of hybrid PET/MR imaging approaches. Dr. Lin is the contact principal investigator for the ongoing research on delineating early brain functional and structural development using non-invasive imaging approaches. For this research, recently awarded by the NIH Baby Connectome Project, his team has developed imaging protocols, imaging approaches and novel image analysis tools specifically tailored for analyzing early brain development.
Colin Studholme, Ph.D.
Dr. Studholme’s research is focused on mathematical and computational techniques to study brain anatomy and its change over time, with a particular focus on fetal and premature neonatal brain growth. His research group, the Biomedical Image Computing Group, is working on new techniques to solve the problem of how to produce images of the human fetal head in utero — which is especially challenging because the fetal head is often moving. Dr. Studholme’s group uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to solve this problem and provide the first high–resolution 3D images of early human brain growth. As part of this project, his group has developed a 4–dimensional computational map of tissue volume changes and surface shape changes that occur when the human brain surface begins to fold, in a process that will go on to form the complex anatomy of the adult human brain. In recent papers, Dr. Studholme’s team has mapped the points at which the first differences in the left and right sides of the brain emerge in the developing fetus. The team has developed techniques to accurately compare brain anatomy in premature babies to that of normally developing fetuses. In addition to his ongoing research in this area, he will be a co–investigator on the randomized controlled trial of Epo neuroprotection in extremely preterm infants (PENUT Trial), with the specific aim of evaluating brain growth of Epo treated infants as compared to controls.
Dr. Studholme is also Professor of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, and Adjunct Professor of Radiology. He completed his Ph.D. in medical physics and biophysics from the University of London and a postdoctoral fellowship in diagnostic radiology at Yale University. He has served as faculty at the University of California–San Francisco, visiting faculty member in biomedical engineering at the Mayo Clinic and at the Fields Institute of the University of Toronto, and has recently become an associate editor for the journal IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.
Ali Gholipour, Ph.D.
Dr. Gholipour is an Assistant Professor in Radiology at Harvard Medical School, a principal investigator and research faculty in the Computational Radiology Laboratory, and the Director of Translational Research in the Radiology Department at Boston Children’s Hospital. He received all his degrees in Electrical Engineering (PhD’08 at the Univ. of Texas at Dallas, and MS’03, BS’01 at the Univ. of Tehran) and is currently a Senior Member of IEEE. With long-term research interests in signal and image processing and intelligent systems, he has turned his focus to machine learning and medical imaging in the past decade, where he has developed new techniques and tools for brain functional localization, motion and distortion correction in MRI, image registration and segmentation, robust super-resolution volume reconstruction, and motion-robust diffusion-weighted MRI. Dr. Gholipour is the principal investigator of ongoing projects on motion-robust diffusion-weighted MRI of early brain development, and motion-robust imaging technology for quantitative analysis of early brain growth. These technologies along with resources such as the precisely labeled, normative spatiotemporal fetal brain MRI atlas that Dr. Gholipour and his colleagues have developed in the past years have enabled quantitative evaluation of in-utero brain development using MRI. By providing fetal in-vivo neuroimaging at an unprecedented resolution despite intermittent fetal and maternal motion, these image reconstruction, segmentation, and analysis techniques have enabled new investigations into the mechanisms of early brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders in congenital disease, and brain functional and structural connectivity growth in the fetal and neonatal periods.
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© 2019 MICCAI Grand Challenge on 6-month Infant Brain MRI Segmentation
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"Can a union electrician recover $4 million for 50 foot fall from a boom truck?"
Queens Ledger
Apr 08, 2019 | 3933 views | 0 | 195 | |
A union electrician sustained bodily injuries while he was in the process of removing telephone poles, with his apprentice, by the side of the Belt Parkway. His apprentice was operating a boom lift truck for the first time on the day of the accident, although he had worked with similar trucks previously. The apprentice drove this vehicle to the site, set the brake and the "power take off", which transferred power from the operation of the truck to the boom apparatus. Then he and the electrician positioned the outriggers and downriggers. The workers determined that the vehicle was level, and then entered the basket lift. They were both in the basket lift approximately 50 feet in the air for about two minutes when the truck tipped over, causing them to fall approximately 50 feet to the ground. Both workers were wearing their harnesses and were tied off to the basket lift at the time of the accident.
Because of the accident, the electrician injured his lower back, which required extended treatment, including injections and surgery. He was unable to return to work and filed a Workers’ Compensation claim with his employer’s insurance. Workers' compensation is an insurance that provides cash benefits and/or medical care for workers who are injured or become ill as a direct result of their job. Immigration status does not preclude anyone from obtaining benefits related to this insurance. Even a person who is an illegal worker in the United States, but sustains injuries as a result of an accident at a construction site, is entitled to medical and lost wages benefits from workers’ compensation insurance. Employers pay for this insurance and cannot require the employee to contribute to the cost of compensation. Weekly cash benefits and medical care are paid by the employer's insurance carrier, as directed by the Workers' Compensation Board, the state agency that processes the claims. In a workers' compensation case, no party is determined to be at fault. Worker's carelessness does not decrease the amount that he or she receives, nor is it increased by an employer's fault. However, a worker loses his/her right to workers' compensation if the injury results solely from intoxication from drugs or alcohol, or from the intent to injure themselves or someone else.
This injured worker also filed a lawsuit against the City of New York, asserting violations of Labor Law § 240(1). Generally, Labor Law § 240(1) protects construction workers from gravity-related risks such as falling from a height or being struck by a falling object. Liability under this section is nondelegable, and construction site owners and general contractors can be held strictly liable for violations of Labor Law § 240(1). The plaintiff's (injured worker's) potential fault is immaterial in these types of accidents and won't be considered by the court, which makes this statute very plaintiff-friendly.
The plaintiff claimed that the defendants allowed him to work in an unsecured area and failed to provide him with safety nets, safety lines, and spotters.
The defendants denied liability and argued that they provided plaintiff with proper equipment, which did not fail, but tipped over because it had been improperly set up and operated by the plaintiff.
In response, the court granted the plaintiff's request to assess automatic legal responsibility for this accident on the defendants and granted Plaintiff's motion for partial summary judgment on his Labor Law § 240(1) claim. The judge found the defendants liable for the plaintiff’s accident and injuries.
The monetary damages still had to be established. The plaintiff claimed that because of the injuries he sustained in the accident, he had been made permanently unemployable. He complained that everyday activities with his family are painful and difficult. He also testified that he has problems with sitting and walking for extended periods of time. He stated that, even though the surgery improved the condition of his lumbar spine, he still suffers from pain and has residual limitations. He also rejected the low settlement offers extended by the defendant at a pre-trial mediation, which meant that the case had to go to trial. It was worth the risk. After lengthy deliberations, the jury awarded the plaintiff almost $4,000,000.00 in damages.
If you or someone you know has been injured in an accident, please contact The Platta Law Firm for a free legal consultation by calling 212–514–5100 (24/7), emailing swp@plattalaw.com or visiting our law firm in Financial District of Manhattan (42 Broadway, Suite 1927). You can also ask us questions using the 24-hour chat box on our website (www.plattalaw.com). We offer free consultations for all potential personal injury cases.
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THE FORGOTTEN BATTLE
November 1944. The Allies are stalled in Belgium. Winter is coming. In the Southwest of the Netherlands, tens of thousands of Allied and German soldiers are engaged in The Battle of the Scheldt, for control over supply lines. A Dutchman conscripted into the Wehrmacht, a British glider pilot, and a local girl with the underground resistance cross paths. They each face fundamental choices which will have consequences for their own lives, and for Europe’s freedom.
Directed by: Matthijs van Heijningen jr.
THE BAY OF SILENCE
Will believes his wife Rosalind is innocent of their son’s suspected murder, only to discover the devastating truth behind her past links her to another unsolved crime.
Directed by: Paula van der Oest
Something dark is breeding under the clean cover of our civilized society. A Neo-Western about the increasing polarisation in The Netherlands.
Directed by: Gonzalo Fernandez
THE JEWISH COUNCIL
The is no other West-European country where during the period of 1940-1945 so many Jews were deported as in The Netherlands. How could this happen? Why did the Dutch authorities and members of the Jewish Council politely cooperated to this horrible project, and how did the German occupant convince the authorities and Dutch Jews? This is a concept for a five episode miniseries, which tries to answer these questions.
KERSTGEZEL.NL
When Noor is dumped again, just in time for the holidays, she decides to make joy out of desperation by starting an agency for “Christmas-singles”. While she and her two friended co-workers join total strangers for company drinks, in the elderly home and on a student party, Noor lets her family know she is skiing with her fiancée. But, when her father is hospitalized, she cannot longer outrun her family and herself.
STAYIN' ALIVE
How can you save 100,000 lives per year. By starting the worldwide campaign Stayin’ Alive. Coming soon.
ALAIN DE LEVITA
CEO / PRODUCER
Two time EMMY award winning producer Alain de Levita is one of the most successful producers in the Netherlands. He has produced well over a thousand hours of TV drama and dozens of features. Since the foundation of NL Film in 2001, he has realized many titles including the hit-series Penoza, The Body Collector (De Zaak Menten), In Therapy Spangas and features like Dutch Academy Awards entry Tonio, In my father’s garden, The Storm and Bankier van het verzet. In January 2018 he started his new production company Levitate film.
PAULA VAN DER OEST
CREATIVE PRODUCER / PRODUCER
An acclaimed Dutch writer/director whose film credits are many and include the Academy Award Nominated Best Foreign Language Film Zus & Zo. Some of her more recent projects include the Accused (2014) and Tonio (2016), both of which were selected as the Dutch Oscar submission for those years. Some of Paula’s other outstanding films include Black Butterflies which received multiple awards both in the Netherlands and the US. The Domino Effect earned a Best Director award, and her lauded thriller Moonlight. Since 2018 moved in to producing and started her own production company Levitate film.
MARK VAN EEUWEN
Mark studied economics at the University of Amsterdam and at the prestigious English drama school London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA). In the theater he played the title role in Vincent in Brixton and the Bodyguard. Mark also played a leading role in films such as Rendez Vous, Eetclub, Kidnapping Mr. Heineken with Sir Anthony Hopkins and currently in the successful TV series Flikken Rotterdam. Since 2012, Mark has focused more on financing films. He was involved in the financing of international films such as Boychoir with Dustin Hoffman and Blunt Force Trauma with Mickey Rourke. Since January 2018 Mark became executive producer at Levitate film.
Levitate Film B.V.
Vondelpark 3
1071 AA Amsterdam
info@levitatefilm.com
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Home Becket
Index Contact Alphabetic Abbreviations
Marriages Becket
Deaths Becket
Barnabas, s. Barnabas and Sarah, Jan. 13, 1769.
Sarah, w. Barnabas, Sept. 23, 1792, in 43d y.
Elisha, widr., consumption, Mar. 2, 1845, a.62.
William L., m., ch. Elisha and w., consumption, June 12, 1848, a. 43.
ALFORD (Allford)
Amasa, s. Elijah and Hannah, Jan. 25, 1764.
Elijah, Jan. 16, 1771.
James Harvey, s. John Jr. and Hannah, Aug. 5, 1793.
Mary, d. John, Aug. 8, 1793.
John, s. John Jr. and Hannah, Aug. 13, 1793.
Susanna, w. John Sr., Feb. 13, 1803, in 66th y.
Mary, d. John Jr., Aug. 31, 1811, a. 14.
Hannah, w. John Jr., Dec. 15, 1811.
Sarah, d. John Jr., July 20, 1818, a. 17.
Eliza Jane, d. John and Lodiema, Aug. 12, 1827.
John, Aug. 25, 1827.
Copyright 2005-'18
The Massachusetts Vital Records Project
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Nigeria’s Anti-corruption Campaign Goes to Schools
AFEX Releases Report on Annual Freedom of Expression Situation in Africa 0 22.May
Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute Invites Applications for Journalism Fellowship 0 07.Dec
‘Public Officials Have a Responsibility to be Transparent’ – Adamawa State AGF 0 09.May
Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade is targeting the young as the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) takes the campaign to secondary schools with a national anti-corruption debate among secondary schools in Nigeria to extend the frontiers of the fight and campaign against corruption.
Mrs Mosunmola Olanrewaju, Media Rights Agenda (MRA) Programme Manager (Legal), who attended the Lagos zonal segment of the debate which held on October 11, 2017 at the Co-curricular Division of the Lagos State Ministry of Education in Akoka, Yaba, described the initiative as remarkable.
The freedom of information lawyer noted that the perspectives provided by the young boys and girls during the debate were insightful, adding that the passion and depth with which the students argued their positions justified the essence of the debate.
The zonal debate which serves as a preliminary to the national debate constituted three stages including the final. At stage one, representatives of participating schools opposed each other as they argued the topic: “Corruption: An impediment to sustainable development goal”.
Those who qualified to the next stage (semi-final) also locked horns on the subject: “Punishment rather than preventive measure is the best form of fighting corruption”, with one group arguing in support of the motion and the other group arguing against it.
The finalists, Caleb International College and St. Grag’s College locked horns as the former opposed while the latter supported the position that: “Collective will of the people rather than political will of the leaders is the best way to tackle corruption”. The winner, Caleb would represent the zone at the national level.
Commenting on the debate, MRA’s Programme Manager for Freedom of Information, Mr. Ridwan Sulaimon, who served as a member of the panel of eight judges for the debate said: “I came with the assumption that I was just coming to score some competing boys and girls, but I am leaving here with a notepad full of lessons learnt and great ideas, having been enriched by the brilliant perspectives provided by the debaters.” Adding “This is indeed a worthy and commendable exercise.”
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Mercyhurst holds panel to discuss ethics, journalism
Elizabeth Shewan
Filed under News, Showcase
President Donald Trump started his presidency by making a large portion of the American people believe that media and news sources are against them. He was reported as saying that journalists are “the enemy of the people.”
To combat this claim, the Mercyhurst University Ethics Institute teamed up with multiple news outlets in Erie, including the Erie Times-News, WSEE/WICU and WJET/FOX 66, for “Enemies of the People? Journalism and Ethics” on Sept. 13 as an inaugural event to the 10th anniversary of the Ethics Institute.
Thomas Donahue, Ph.D., assistant professor of Philosophy, and Brian Sheridan, M.A., Communication department chair, participated in a panel with Scott Bremner, assignment editor with WJET/FOX 66; Lisa Adams, producer, anchor and reporter with WSEE/WICU; and Pat Howard, opinion editor with the Erie Times-News. Kevin Sullivan, Ph.D., professor of Philosophy, moderated the discussion.
The panelists discussed the different levels of truth and how it can change depending on the wording a reporter chooses to use.
Donahue rounded off the group of journalists with a different perspective. He chose to confront Trump’s comment that the media is the enemy of the people head-on.
“I think this is an outrageous statement,” Donahue said. “It is only one of many outrageous statements.”
He read a list of comments made by Trump that included statements like “the press doesn’t love our country” and “the press makes up stories and sources on a regular basis.”
“This bizarre combination of reality show hazing and Worldwide Wrestling Federation-style abuses is explained not merely by Donald Trump’s background and experience in such entertainment genres, but also by a pretty obvious strategy to abuse, discredit and thereby delegitimize the major sources of factual reporting in our society,” Donahue said. “This seems to constitute a preemptive campaign against the media so as to render them less able to effectively challenge and credibly fact-check the avalanche of what amount to lies and misleading statements.”
He added that a Washington Post fact checker said that Trump made 1,057 false or misleading statements in his first 214 days in office. Donahue stands by the idea that Trump’s tactics are not new, and relates them back to being similar to those used with Nazi propaganda.
As a way to tie in to Constitution Day, Sheridan spoke from the historical side of the panel, stating that the press is the only profession protected by the Constitution in the First Amendment. The press has a role to check and balance the government.
“Thomas Jefferson, who was subjected to vicious attacks and lies by the press during his presidency, supported a free press,” Sheridan said.
He quoted Jefferson, saying “the basis of our governments being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right; and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”
Sheridan brought up the attempted code of ethics where accuracy, accountability and independence are key. This then became a topic of discussion.
Adams referenced a recent story she covered about Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and the DREAMers, saying it is hard not to get attached, while also thinking, “I hope my own stripes don’t show through.”
“Sometimes they’ll say, ‘Aha, I knew you were thinking this,’ and it’s not at all what I’m thinking. So I guess that’s a day where I go ‘Yeah!’ I did well, because I was able to keep my own opinion out of it,” Adams said.
They switched the discussion to the topic of independence by itself.
Bremner believes that independence depends on how, as a journalist, the story is approached.
“Some of the best work I’ve done is when I’m attached to the story. A young 20-year-old woman who has a knock on her door that says her 20-year-old, part-time soldier, fiance (or) husband, has been blown away,” said Bremner. “You use that, you use those aspects of your life. You’re a father, you’re a husband, you’re an American. Whatever it is, you use those angles to take that approach to a story. It is using those elements to come up with a story. You create something that hopefully has a resonance with human aspects of other people.”
Howard explained that the Erie Times-News has changed its ideals on advocacy, as the need for it as arises to deal with some of Erie’s bigger problems. They show the side that they believe the city needs to see.
“Independence is being loyal to the truth, not to the people that you’re covering or the people that are the shakers in town. You tell the story,” Howard said.
Sullivan raised the question of how reporters maintain being an actual journalist in the world of Facebook Live and social media.
Bremner said that the media is no longer the single recorder of history, and journalists should change their approach in reporting because by the time they arrive at a car accident or fire, there are already videos on the internet.
At the end of the day, ethics is personal whether it is as a reporter, doctor or any profession, according to Bremner.
As Howard summarized: “Defend your credibility by being relentlessly credible.”
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End of the Line Theatre present their new play The Beginning of The End in association with Mini Productions.
Performed at Theatre16, Balham on Monday 22nd to Friday 26th August 2016
“I’m a bit nervous about tonight. I’m going out with the girls. I haven’t been out in ages”
After their acclaimed, five star, sell-out production of ‘The Words I Should Have Said to Phoebe Lewis’, End of the Line Theatre are brought their newest play to Theatre16 after a development show at Hull Truck.
“They gave me a couple of choices… They’ll put me on a waiting list to see someone, or there are these pills that I can take, just when I feel down.”
★★★★ “Relatable, well-acted and wildly entertaining, let’s hope this is the beginning for this 70-minute production’s future and not the end. Never mind “and a packet of crisps”, we’d sincerely like to request “and another run, please”. - Views From the Gods
‘The Beginning of the End’ is a two-hander comedy, set on the streets of Kingston-Upon-Thames amongst it’s hectic nightlife scene. The story follows Ed played by James Craze and Chloe played by Sara Huxley, two ordinary youths on a typical a night out. As the play unfolds we delves into their past relationship and it’s past troubles, giving the audience an insight into modern day youth culture, love and relationships.
Going out, happy pills, clothes, drugs, alcohol, Fifa16, Tinder, cheesy chips, social media posts and Beyoncé are just a few of the ways Ed and Chloe try to soothe their heart break. English has a real talent at keeping the audience on the edge of laughter and tears and this play is no exception as the plot switches between hilarity and heartache in a matter of seconds.
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MIT INDIA DISPLACEMENT PRACTICUM
As part of a practicum course in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP), seven graduate students studied the impacts of jhuggi jhopri cluster (JJ cluster) evictions and relocations in Delhi in 2014. During a month-long engagement in Delhi and Chennai, the team researched and created tools and maps/visualizations to support the work of organizations preventing and responding to evictions and displacement in Delhi. The work has integrated diverse sets of data and focused on an interpretation of the causes and consequences of large-scale displacement and resettlement in Delhi, the impact on the morphology of the city itself, as well as the key institutional and other barriers for making Delhi a more just city.
Through the MIT Displacement Research and Action Network (DRAN), Professor Rajagopal and Mr. Miloon Kothari will continue to work with Delhi-based NGOs in order to implement the strategies developed during the practicum.
The videos below are time-series compilations of maps created by the students of the practicum depicting both forced evictions and resettlement camps in delhi over a two decade period.
Data was drawn from the now defunct Slum Wing of the Delhi Development Authority via researcher Veronique Dupont and from the under-development Eviction Database of the Housing and Land Rights Network.
This visualization documents the geography of forced evictions in Delhi over a 23 year period. The blue circle size indicates the number of jhuggis (shacks) relocated during each eviction. Since many displaced jhuggis (~50%) are not relocated during a given eviction, this video only portrays a portion of the human impact of these events.
This visualization documents the geography of resettlement camps in relation to JJ cluster evictions in Delhi over a 20 year period. Delhi development policy has aimed to relocate JJ clusters from the urban core to resettlement sites on the periphery. The relocated households have generally been given land and access to services but no housing or significant infrastructure.
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Cross-Cultural Conversations
Cross-Cultural ConversationsMasood Raja2019-05-10T12:05:16-07:00
This is Dr. Masood Ashraf Raja’s personal website and features his public writings. Raja writes and speaks frequently on issues related to education, political Islam, US-Pakistan relations, and on other issues related to global social justice, equality, and democratic norm.
Please feel free to join our community and participate in our conversations. For further communication, Raja can be reached at raja@masoodraja.com.
Video Clip: Discussion on Humanities 2014, Pakistan
Masood’s Books
ISIS: Ideology, Symbolics and Counter Narratives, Routledge, 2019.
Relying on a thorough understanding of the role of ideology, discourse, and framing, this volume discusses ISIS as an Islamist ideological organization, and examines its philosophical scaffolding within the material conditions produced by neoliberal capital. As Raja asserts, it is this nexus of specifically retrieved Islamic history and the current global economic system that creates the kind of social identity ideally suited for ISIS. The combination of the historical narratives and the contemporary means of communication enables ISIS to frame and spread its message, recruit its adherents, and replicate itself.
While many scholarly and journalistic works on ISIS provide a wealth of information, not many elaborate on the terms that are often invoked in these writings. For example, scholars often use the term “Salafi-Jihadi” but they do not provide a comprehensive explanation of such concept within the same text. This book not only provides an explanation of the instructive terms used to explain the ISIS phenomenon, but also asserts that only one school of thought in Islam [The Sunni Wahabis] is likely to be the ideal target for ISIS recruitment. This claim, of course, does not rely on an essentialized pathology of Wahabi Sunnis, but provides an explanation of the Wahabi Islam as a proverbial “slippery slope”, as an absolutely necessary first step for an individual’s transformation into an ISIS fighter.
Written in a clear and direct style, this volume provides scholars and lay readers alike with a deeper understanding of ISIS and its strategies of recruitment and self-sustenance.
The Religious Right and the Talibanization of America, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2016.
This highly original book suggests that the practices of Taliban and the American far right, two very significant and poorly understood groups, share common features. This commonality can be found in the philosophical basis of their ideological beliefs, in their comparative worldviews, and in their political practices. As Raja argues, the Taliban are much less the product of an irrational fundamentalism, and the radical right in America is much more the result of such a mindset, than Americans recognize. After providing a detailed explanation of his theoretical concepts and specialized vocabulary, the author develops a discussion of the subject in this brief but penetrating book. This is a book that should attract a wide readership among both academics and the general public.
Critical Pedagogy and Global Literature: Worldly Teaching, 2013.
(Co-edited with Hillary Stringer and Zach VandeZande). Palgrave-Macmillan, 2013.
“This brilliant collection of essays not only breathes new life into the field of critical pedagogy, but leaves this reader wanting more.” -David Gabbard, Bilingual Education Department, Boise State University, USA.
Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity 1857-1947. Oxford University Press, 2010.
Muslim literati … selected for analysis well represented the … aspirations of the Muslim community in their times. –Basharat Hussain Qizilbash, The Nation, Pakistan, September 10, 2010
Raja’s research merits introspection and contemplation of the many issues it either raises or answers about contemporary Pakistan. –Aliya Anjum, Dawn, Pakistan, September 26, 2010.
A . . . lucid and thought-provoking book. –Muneeza Shamsie, Journal of Postcolonial Writing.
The Postnational Fantasy: Nationalism, Cosmopolitics and Science Fiction. (Co-edited with Jason W. Ellis and Swaralipi Nandi). McFarland Press, 2011.
In twelve critical and interdisciplinary essays, this text examines the relationship between the fantastic in novels, movies and video games and real-world debates about nationalism, globalization and cosmopolitanism. Topics covered include science fiction and postcolonialism, issues of ethnicity, nation and transnational discourse. Altogether, these essays chart a new discursive space, where postcolonial theory and science fiction and fantasy studies work cooperatively to expand our understanding of the fantastic, while simultaneously expanding the scope of postcolonial discussions.
Once Upon a Country, (Novel), Trafford, 2002.
The Eastern Breeze, (Poems), Appledot Publishers, Pakistan, 1999.
Masood, your presentation on Pakistan and Three Cups of Tea was most informative. Our audience was huge (for us) because everyone wanted to hear you. And they all went away with such laudatory comments. We will have to make arrangements for you to come back.” – Nancy McGrath, Our Lady of Elms High School, Akron, Ohio.
Recent Public Talks
Humanities and Ethics of Care. Biodiversity Day Pakistan, Bahria University, 2016.
Postcolonialism and Literary Studies in Pakistan. National University of Modern Languages, Peshawar, June 2016.
Humanistic Education and Neoliberalism, Fatima Jinnah Women’s University, April 2015.
Postcolonial Studies in Globalized Capital: NUML, Islamabad, March 2015
Introduction to Postcolonial Studies, Postgraduate College for Women, Rawalpindi, July 2014.
Humanistic Education. FC College University, Lahore 2014.
Humanities in the Twenty First Century, Faisalabad Agricultural University, July 2014.
Scholarly Publishing, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, July 2013.
Contact Masood Raja
Masood Raja2019-06-11T12:49:03-07:00
Masood Raja2019-06-11T12:49:03-07:00June 11th, 2019|0 Comments
Lately, I have been trying to monetize some of my websites and blogs. As I was looking for the best Adsense alternative, I was pointed to Media Net as a wonderful alternative by several online [...]
Masood Raja2019-06-06T14:42:17-07:00June 6th, 2019|1 Comment
I just wanted let you all know that we recently have had some problems with the Pakistaniaat website and, due to some technical problems, have lost some of our data. As of now, we have [...]
Masood Raja2019-05-27T13:45:54-07:00May 21st, 2019|0 Comments
I have been thinking about writing on this topic for quite some time now, but never really got around to doing so. Maybe, I had to get over my implicit bias against all things corporate [...]
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LOS ANGELES (Reuters) – The fire that devastated Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris on Monday prompted fund-raising appeals in the United States, as people horrified by the blaze began making commitments to restore a global landmark even before the flames were extinguished.
Firefighters douse flames from the burning Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France April 15, 2019. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
The New York-based French Heritage Society and the Go Fund Me crowdsourcing platform were among the first to offer help for a cathedral that is a must-see destination for visitors to Paris from all over the world.
French President Emmanuel Macron said an international campaign would be launched to raise funds for the rebuilding of Notre-Dame Cathedral. [nP6N21F04Z]
The French Heritage Society, an American non-profit group dedicated to preserving French architectural and cultural treasures, launched a web page on Monday to raise money for the cathedral’s restoration.
“Notre-Dame is obviously an architectural marvel and most certainly a monument that should be restored,” Jennifer Herlein, the executive director of the society, said by phone.
Herlein could not immediately say how much her organization had raised for Notre-Dame on Monday. Eventually, the funds raised will go directly to the cathedral, she said.
The organization, which was founded in 1982, gave two grants last year totaling more than $430,000 for restoration projects at France’s national library, she said.
50 CAMPAIGNS
At the website GoFundMe, more than 50 campaigns related to the cathedral fire had been launched globally on Monday, John Coventry, a spokesman for Go Fund Me, said by email.
“In the coming hours we’ll be working with the authorities to find the best way of making sure funds get to the place where they will do the most good,” Coventry said.
Some of the Go Fund Me campaigns had not listed any money raised by late Monday, and several joke campaigns were created through Go Fund Me to help Quasimodo, the fictional character in Victor Hugo’s 19th century novel “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.”
“I think the challenge will be whether or not people who give the money agree with those who are doing the rebuilding about how the cathedral should be rebuilt,” said Lisa Bitel, a professor of religion and history at the University of Southern California.
“This is a national monument in France and they will not spare money to rebuild,” Bitel said. “I don’t think the Americans will get much of a say in how to do it.”
Notre-Dame Cathedral has looked to international donors for past renovation efforts.
In 2017, Michel Picaud, president of Friends of Notre-Dame De Paris, told the New York Times his group planned to organize gala dinners, concerts and other events to raise funds in France and the United States for restoration work at the cathedral.
Reporting by Alex Dobuzinskis; editing by Bill Tarrant and Leslie Adler
Notre Dame cathedral has been egulfed by a fire, here are the first pictures from inside | World | News
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Israeli Documents from Days After War Have Familiar Ring 50 Years On
May 31, 2017, 2 years ago
NewsWorld
A researcher scans declassified documents for Akevot, an Israeli NGO researching the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem May 10, 2017. Picture taken May 10, 2017. REUTERS/Ronen Zvulun
By Luke Baker
JERUSALEM, May 31 – Within days of capturing East Jerusalem and the West Bank in the 1967 Middle East war, Israel was examining options about their future ranging from Jewish settlement-building to the creation of a Palestinian state.
As the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the war nears on June 5, recently unearthed documents detailing the post-war legal and diplomatic debate have a familiar ring, and underline how little progress has been made towards resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Akevot, an Israeli NGO researching the conflict, has spent thousands of hours over two years gaining access to declassified, often dog-eared, documents and building a digital record of them.
The group’s aim in obtaining the files, at a time when the Israel State Archives has restricted access to its resources as it conducts its own digitisation project, is to ensure that primary sources of conflict decision-making remain accessible to researchers, diplomats, journalists and the wider public.
“One of the things we realised early on was that so many of the policies related to current day Israeli government activities in the occupied territories have roots going back to the very first year of occupation,” said Lior Yavne, founder and director of Akevot.
“Policies that were envisaged very early on, 1967 or 1968, serve government policies to this day.”
In six days of war, Israel’s army seized 5,900 square km (2,280 square miles) of the West Bank, the walled Old City of Jerusalem and more than two dozen Arab villages on the city’s eastern flank.
On other fronts it conquered the Golan Heights from Syria, and Sinai and the Gaza Strip from Egypt.
But for the Israeli prime minister’s office, the foreign ministry and assorted legal advisers, the thorniest questions surrounded how to handle the unexpected seizure of the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and the 660,000 Palestinians living there.
“THE WAR NEVER ENDED”
A little over a month after the war ended on June 10, 1967, senior foreign ministry officials had drafted a set of seven possibilities of what to do with the West Bank and Gaza.
They considered everything from establishing an independent, demilitarised Palestinian state with its capital as close as possible to Jerusalem, to annexing the entire area to Israel or handing most of it over to Jordan.
The authors explained the need to move rapidly because “internationally, the impression that Israel maintains colonial rule over these occupied territories may arise in the interim”.
While the document analyses in detail the idea of an independent Palestinian state, it presents most positively the case for annexation, while also making clear its “inherent dangers”.
Option four, listed as “the graduated solution”, is the one perhaps closest to what exists to this day: a plan to establish a Palestinian state only once there is a peace agreement between Israel and Arab nations.
“The Six-Day War actually never ended,” said Tom Segev, a leading Israeli historian and author of “1967 – Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East”.
“The seventh day has lasted ever since for the last 50 years. And it is affecting both us and the Palestinians … every day, every minute.”
Perhaps the trickiest and most legally nuanced discussions were around Israel’s responsibilities under international law, and whether it could build settlements.
Palestinians and many countries consider Israel’s settlements on occupied land they seek for a state as illegal. Israel disputes this, citing historical, biblical and political links to the West Bank and East Jerusalem, as well as security considerations.
After the 1967 war, Israel annexed East Jerusalem and considers all of Jerusalem as its “indivisible and eternal capital”, a status that has not won international recognition. Palestinians want East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestine.
Nabil Abu Rdainah, a spokesman for Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, said Israel has consistently violated U.N. resolutions and the Fourth Geneva Convention in its actions in occupied territory, particularly in Jerusalem.
“All these measures … can’t change the fact that Jerusalem is an occupied city, just like the rest of Palestinian lands,” he said.
Theodor Meron, one of the world’s leading jurists who was then legal adviser to the foreign ministry, wrote several memos in late 1967 and early 1968 laying out his position on settlements.
In a covering letter to one secret memo sent to the prime minister’s political secretary, Meron said: “My conclusion is that civilian settlement in the administered territories contravenes explicit provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention”.
Meron, who now lives in the United States, set his arguments out over several pages, but they boiled down to the fact that Israel was a signatory to the Geneva Convention which prohibits transferring citizens of an occupying state onto occupied land.
“…any legal arguments that we shall try to find will not counteract the heavy international pressure that will be exerted upon us even by friendly countries which will base themselves on the Fourth Geneva Convention,” he wrote.
The only way he could see settlements being legally justified – and even then he made clear he didn’t favour the argument – was if they were in temporary camps and “carried out by military and not civilian entities”.
While in the early years settlements were militaristic and often temporary, the enterprise now has full government backing, houses some 350,000 civilians in the West Bank and has all the hallmarks of permanence.
Meron declined to respond to specific questions from Reuters.
But in an article this month in the American Journal of International Law, he expressed concern about “the continued march toward an inexorable demographic change in the West Bank” and the appointment by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration of an ambassador to Israel who has raised funds for settlements.
There is, Meron wrote in the journal, a growing perception in the international community that “individual Palestinians’ human rights, as well as their rights under the Fourth Geneva Convention, are being violated.”
Immediately after the war, almost no element of Israel’s land seizure went unexamined, whether by the military, the prime minister’s office, the foreign ministry, naming committees or religious authorities.
In a memo on June 22, 1967, Michael Comay, political adviser to the foreign ministry, wrote to the ministry’s deputy director-general saying they needed to be careful about using phrases like “occupied territories” or “occupying power” because they supported the International Committee of the Red Cross’s view that the local population should have rights under the Fourth Geneva Convention.
“There are two alternatives: Using the term TERRITORIES OF THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT or TERRITORIES UNDER ISRAEL CONTROL,” he wrote. “Externally, I prefer the second option.”
Even now, the government avoids talking about occupation, instead suggesting that the West Bank is “disputed territory”.
[Gaza], [israel], [israeli], [israeli settlements], [jerusalem], [Jewish settlements], [occupied territories], [palestine], [palestinian], [West Bank]
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The Trial of German Major War Criminals
Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany
7th January to 19th January, 1946
Twenty-Eighth Day: Monday, January 7th, 1946
(Part 9 of 10)
[DR. STAHMER continues]
[Page 35]
Q. In what way?
A. This undertaking took place in the autumn of 1943, in the region of Idrizza Polotsk. I first flew to the Central Army Group and talked these matters over with my then chief, General Krebs. Then I went on to the Army Group North, and discussed the same matters with Field Marshal Kuchler. Kuchler had concentrated all the troops of the S.S. Police or of the rear areas in a so-called corps under the command of Jacklin. The same thing had been done by the Central Army Group; a corps had been set up under the command of the Higher Police Officer in the Group. I was in charge of them and had, as liaison officer, Colonel von Mellentin from the O.K.H. Then I conducted the enterprise personally. In the meantime, the front had been broken through in the Nebe Sector and I came to the independent decision to turn against the Red Army where it had broken through; thus I was with my unit in the first line.
Q. You said a little while ago that you had been decorated with the Knight's Cross. Did you receive this decoration for this undertaking?
A. No, as I said before, I was already in the year 1941 in the front line service. Again and again I was with fighting units. In 1941 in front of Moscow, in 1942 at Veliki-Luki and later at the uprising in Warsaw. From 1944 on I led an S.S. Corps.
Q. Did you not know that you were particularly praised by Hitler and Himmler, mainly for your ruthless and efficient fighting of Partisans?
A. No, I received no decoration for my fighting of Partisans. I received all my decorations when in the Wehrmacht, and for my services at the front line.
Q. Was the Brigade Dirlewanger an S.S. Brigade?
A. The Brigade Dirlewanger did not belong to the Waffen S.S. It was an organisation which at best could be classified as Allgemeine S.S. With respect to supplies it was not placed under the Waffen S. S. but under the " Amt Berger."
Q. Was the Commander of the Brigade Dirlewanger a member of the S.S.?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you yourself suggest that criminals should be organised and used for the fighting of Partisans?
DR. THOMA (Counsel for defendant Rosenberg):
Q. Witness, do you know that the Civil Government in White Ruthenia often protested against the manner in which the anti-Partisan activities were carried on?
Q. The Civil Authority was subordinate to the Reich Kommissar, and he in turn was subordinate to Rosenberg who was Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories?
Q. If I understood you correctly, you objected to the way in which the fight against Partisans was carried on, a way which involved many innocent people, and was not in agreement with Reichsfuehrer S.S. Himmler's orders?
Q. How can you reconcile it with your conscience to organise Einsatz Groups although you were in charge of the anti- Partisan warfare?
THE PRESIDENT: The question had not come through then on the interpreter's voice before you began to answer. You must give greater pauses between the question and answer.
Q. How did you reconcile it with your conscience to remain an inspector of the anti-Partisan forces?
A. I did not reconcile that with my conscience. But I actually strove to obtain this position because, in the years 1941 and 1942 I saw, as did Schenkendorff, that things could not continue as they were. General Schenkendorff, my immediate superior, recommended me for the position.
Q. But you knew that you could achieve nothing with these suggestions?
A. No, I could not know that. I did not know at that time what I know to-day.
Q. At any rate, you did not achieve anything?
A. That is not my fault. My opinion is that if someone else had been in that position, many more misfortunes would have occurred.
Q. Do you believe that Himmler's speech, in which he demanded the extermination of thirty million Slavs, expressed only his personal opinion, or do you consider that it was part of the National Socialist attitude towards life?
A. To-day I am of the opinion that this was the logical consequence of our attitude towards life.
Q. To-day?
A. To-day.
Q. What was your own opinion at that time?
A. It is difficult for a German to arrive at this conclusion. It took me a long time.
Q. Then how is it that a few days ago a witness appeared in this Tribunal, namely Oblendorf, who admitted that the Einsatz Group murdered ninety thousand people, and informed the Court that this did not harmonise with the National Socialist ideology?
A. I am of the opinion that if, for decades, a doctrine is preached to the effect that the Slav race is an inferior race, and Jews not even human at all, then such an explosion is inevitable.
Q. Nevertheless the fact remains that, together with whatever attitude you may have bad at the time, you also had a conscience?
A. To-day also, and that is the reason why I am here.
THE PRESIDENT: Dr. Exner, are you cross-examining on behalf of some other defendant, or what?
DR. EXNER (Counsel for defendant Jodl): I should like to ask two questions, which my client considered important and which he put to me during the recess.
THE PRESIDENT: You have already cross-examined, have you not?
DR. EXNER: Yes, but I now have three new questions. We were not able to prepare ourselves for this cross-examination.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well. Go on.
FURTHER CROSS-EXAMINATION By DR. EXNER
Q. Witness, you said an order was issued in the year 1944 regarding the Partisan warfare. During the recess, I read in the document book provided us by the prosecution, under 1786- PS, and there I found a regulation mentioned regarding Partisan warfare, of 27th November, 1942. Do you know anything about this?
Q. But it must exist, since it is mentioned to me here. Do you not know about it?
Q. Please tell me whether you know of a Russian regulation regarding Partisans?
Q. Could you tell us something of the contents of this regulation?
A. I can no longer recall.
Q. Do you know where this regulation is to be found?
DR. EXNER: Thank you.
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): One moment! Do you know how many members of the Wehrmacht were used at any one time in this anti-Partisan activity? What was the largest number of the troops?
THE WITNESS: Large undertakings were involved, that is to say, undertakings of the strength of one division upwards. I believe that the largest number might have been as much as three divisions.
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): I mean all the troops on the Eastern Front, at any one time used in these anti-Partisan activities?
THE WITNESS: I cannot answer that, because these troops were never under my direction at one time, they were there with individual operations simultaneously and continually; large and small operations. Reports of these activities came in every day.
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): Do you know how many Einsatz groups were used?
THE WITNESS: I know of three, one for each Army Group.
THE PRESIDENT: Do you want to re-examine?
COLONEL TAYLOR: No, Sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Then the witness may go.
(The witness withdrew.)
COLONEL TAYLOR: Your Lordship, that concludes the evidence under Counts 3 and 4 of the Indictment and I have only a few more words by way of general conclusion.
I ask the Tribunal to bear in mind that the German High Command is not an evanescent thing, the creature of a decade of unrest, or a school of thought or tradition which is shattered and utterly discredited. The German High Command and military tradition have in the past achieved victory and survived
defeat. They have met with triumph and disaster, and they have survived through a singular durability.
An eminent American statesman and diplomat, Mr. Sumner Welles, has written, and I quote from his book "The Time for Decision," Page 261:
". . . that the authority to which the German people have so often and so disastrously responded was not in reality the German Emperor of yesterday, or the Hitler of today, but the German General Staff. Whether their ostensible ruler is the Kaiser, or Hindenburg, or Adolf Hitler, the continuing loyalty of the bulk of the population is given to that military force controlled and guided by the German General Staff."
I think that this emphasises the historical importance of the decision which this Tribunal is called upon to make. But we are not now indicting the German General Staff at the bar of history, but on specific charges of Crimes against International Law and the dictates of the conscience of mankind, as embodied in the Charter, which governs this Court.
The picture we have seen is that of a group of men with great power for good or ill, who chose the latter; who deliberately set out to arm Germany to the point where the German will could be imposed on the rest of the world, and who gladly joined with the most evil forces at work in Germany. "Hitler produced the results which all of us warmly desired," we are told by Blomberg and Blaskowitz, and that is obviously the truth. The converse is no less clear; the military leaders furnished Hitler with the means and might which were necessary to his survival, to say nothing of the accomplishment of those purposes which seemed to us so ludicrously impossible in 1932 and so fearfully imminent in 1942.
I have said that the German militarists were inept as well as persistent. Helpless as Hitler would have been without them, he succeeded in mastering them. The Generals and the Nazis were allies in 1933. But it was not enough for the Nazis that the Generals should be voluntary allies; Hitler wanted them permanently and completely under his control. Devoid of political skill or principle, the Generals lacked the mentality or morality to resist. On the day of the death of President Hindenburg in August, 1934, the German officers swore a new oath. Their previous oath had been to the Fatherland; now it was to a man, Adolf Hitler. It was not until a year later that the Nazi emblem became part of their uniform, and the Nazi flag their standard. By a clever process of infiltration into key positions, Hitler seized control of the entire military machine.
We will no doubt hear the Generals ask what they could have done about it. We will hear that they were helpless, and that to protect their jobs and families and lives, they had to follow Hitler's decisions. No doubt this became true, but the Generals were a key factor in Hitler's rise to complete power and a partner in his criminal aggressive designs. It is always difficult and dangerous to withdraw from a criminal conspiracy. Never has it been suggested that a conspirator may claim mercy on the ground that his fellow conspirators threatened him with harm, should he withdraw from the plot.
In many respects the spectacle which the German General Staff and High Command group presents today, is the most degrading of all the groups and organisations before this court. They are the bearers of a tradition, the bearers of a tradition not devoid of valour and honour; they emerge from this war stained both by criminality and ineptitude. Attracted by the militaristic and aggressive Nazi policies, the German Generals found themselves drawn into adventures of a scope they had not foreseen. From crimes in which almost all of them participated willingly and approvingly, were born others in which they participated partly because they were too ineffective to alter the governing Nazi policies, and partly because they had to continue collaboration to save their own skins.
Having joined the partnership, the General Staff and the High Command group planned and carried through manifold acts of aggression which turned Europe into a charnel-house, and caused the Armed Forces to be used for foul practices, foully executed, of terror, pillage and wholesale slaughter. Let no one be heard to say that the military uniform shall be their cloak, or that they may find sanctuary by pleading membership in the profession to which they are an eternal disgrace.
COLONEL STOREY: If the Tribunal please, the next subject will be the presentation of supplemental evidence concerning the persecution of the Churches, as presented by Colonel Wheeler.
COLONEL LEONARD WHEELER, JR.: The material now to be submitted comprises, first, supplemental proof on the suppression of the churches within Germany - the Evangelical Churches, the Catholic Church and the Bibelforscher, or Bible Researchers; and second, acts of suppression in the annexed and occupied territories - Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. A large part of this proof will be from the official files of the Vatican.
I now submit to the Court United States trial brief "H"- Supplemental" on "Suppression of the Christian Churches in Germany and in the Occupied Territories," and Document Book "H-Supplemental," containing English translations of all the documents referred to in the supplemental brief, or to be referred to in my oral presentation. I shall take up first the supplemental proof on the suppression of the Churches in Germany.
Hitler announced, in March, 1933, a distinction in his policy toward politics and morals, on the one hand, and religion on the other. I offer in evidence Document 3387-PS, Exhibit USA 565. It is a speech by Hitler to the Reichstag on 23rd March, 1933, quoted in the "Volkischer Beobachter," 24th March, 1933, Page one, column 5, of the German newspaper. I quote from this speech:
"Inasmuch as the Government is determined to carry out a political and moral purge of our public life, it thereby creates and guarantees the foundation of a true and religious life. The Government sees in both Christian denominations the most important factors for the maintenance of our Folkdom. It will respect agreements concluded between them and the other States. It expects, however, that its participation shall meet with the same respect as it has afforded to all the other responsible denominations. But it will never permit that membership in any one denomination, or the fact of belonging to any one race, should be considered as a free pass for the commission or toleration of crime. The Government will devote itself to the maintenance of sincere good- fellowship between Church and State."
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Only Republican
Day to Day News
Canada privacy
Hardly a day goes by where Canadians don’t see or hear something in the media about their privacy and how it is affected by the actions of the Federal government. With so much information permeating the psyche about whether or not our information is safe from prying eyes, it can be hard to understand what is really going on. Canada’s privacy laws and the security of our information begin with two basic documents: the Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, or PIPEDA.
The Privacy Act is Canada’s longstanding legislation about the public’s access to information. It originally came into effect on July 1st, 1983 and primarily outlines how federal government institutions should handle the personal information of individuals. The act states that a government institution may not collect personal information unless otherwise necessary. When the government does collect someone’s information, they must always notify said individual as to why. This information must then only be used for the stated purpose, with few exceptions, unless the individual consents. Furthermore, this information may not be disclosed to the public without the individual’s consent. Every citizen and permanent resident of Canada has the legal right to access the information collected on themselves and request correction if information is inaccurate. If an individual is at any point refused access to this information, they must apply for a review by the Federal Court.
When Bill C-51, or the Anti-terrorism Act, was introduced back in 2015, it was directly associated with the Privacy Act. It allows for greater sharing of personal information. Suddenly something as tightly withheld as tax information would be easily accessible if there was reason to believe it was relevant to a potential terror threat. Although the bill has undergone some editing from when it was first drafted to when it was finally passed March 26th, 2016, this access to personal information by both the government and CSIS is still in effect.
The PIPEDA relates to the collection, usage, and disclosure of personal information through electronic means. It became official law on April 13th, 2000 with the intention of promoting consumer trust in electronic commerce and to reassure the EU that Canada was doing everything in its power to protect the information and the rights of its citizens. Unfortunately, or fortunately depending on your perspective, the PIPEDA offers multiple exceptions where a person’s personal information may be collected, stored, and even disclosed without receiving said individual’s consent, or in fact even notifying them of this, including cases where the information is deemed relevant in the law enforcement process.
On June 18th, 2015, the Digital Privacy Act became law, increasing the number of exemptions in the PIPEDA, including one for business transactions. If a complaint is made against a violation, it must be taken to the Office for the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. The commissioner is then required to investigate and report on the complaint.
This entry was posted in Canada privacy on August 28, 2016 by Republican.
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aA Special Report
Terry W. Bird
Terry Bird
Bird Marella Boxer Wolpert Nessim Drooks Lincenberg & Rhow
Terry Bird, principal of Bird Marella, has a 40-year career as a litigator, trying civil and white-collar criminal cases. He began as a federal prosecutor in the Los Angeles U.S. Attorney’s Office after clerking for California Court of Appeal Justices Lynn “Buck” Compton and Robert Thompson. Bird has represented large U.S. corporations and their top executives and municipalities such as Santa Monica and Hermosa Beach in litigation with oil companies. Bird served on President George W. Bush’s Judicial Advisory Committee. He has twice chaired the Central District of California Lawyer Representatives to the Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference and served one term as chairman for the Lawyer Representatives Coordinating Committee for the entire circuit.
What was your proudest moment?
Several years ago when my partners repeatedly rejected significant efforts to entice them to join with prominent national law firms, I realized that we had developed several generations of lawyers devoted to an ethos of shared purpose, the highest professional achievement, hard work, community, service, and independence.
What is your alma mater?
Stanford University undergrad and UCLA Law School
What is your next project?
Serving as president of the board of People Assisting The Homeless (PATH) as it provides homes, services, jobs and a sense of self-worth to the tens of thousands of people throughout California who are homeless.
Who is your hero?
My mother and father have always been my heroes. Mom was born and raised across a small South Dakota river from a Sioux Indian tribe, worked her way through the Depression and college in Nebraska, served her country in England during WWII, started her own business in the ’50s when political correctness expected her to be home, provided 100s of jobs to women, was a community leader, raised two boys, was married to Dad for over 55 years and survived cancer and other life threatening maladies. Others have done similar things. But few I have met in life have accomplished all of this with the same sense of purpose, joy and positivity. She taught me that the secret to a happy life is to know yourself, serve others, and do what you enjoy. She valued her own independence and allowed all of us to find our own purpose and way in life. She died last year at 101.
What do you like best about Los Angeles?
Los Angeles rewards all of the attributes which I treasure and honor. Hard work, dedication, service to others, and independence are the sine qua non of Los Angeles. Los Angeles doesn’t care what your roots are, what influence you have. If you apply yourself and do honest work you can not only survive here, you can flourish. There is no other place in the country and probably the world that cherishes and rewards these attributes as clearly as Los Angeles.
Jeffrey Rosenfeld
Better Suited
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Amos Alonzo Stagg and Japanese American Internment
Last year I received a Platzman Fellowship from the University of Chicago Library, which allowed me to spend some time over the summer in the Amos Alonzo Stagg Papers. Stagg was a leading figure in the "muscular Christianity" movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He first earned fame as a baseball pitcher and football end while playing for Yale in the 1880s. Thanks to his celebrity, Stagg attracted eager audiences in the Northeast as he lectured on the importance of faith and the blending of Christianity and athletics.
After his college days Stagg embarked on a coaching career, most notably with the University of Chicago. He coached the Chicago Maroons for forty years from 1892 until 1932, all while continuing to espouse the Christian values that he claimed could be imparted through the game of football. Because Stagg will be a crucial figure in my dissertation (which explores how particular forms of Christianity were embedded within the world of big-time sports in the United States), it was incredibly helpful to spend time with his papers in Chicago.
During my research, I came across a few really fascinating sources. Most of them will make their way into my dissertation one way or another. But I could not resist the desire to make at least one set of sources public before the dissertation is complete. That set of sources -- including letters, telegrams, and newspapers clippings -- details Stagg's role in defending the rights of Japanese Americans in early 1945, near the end of World War II.
As far as I know, no other scholar has written about Stagg's campaign on behalf of interned Japanese Americans. But the good folks at the Sport in American History blog allowed me to share what I had learned about Stagg. After that story was published, one of my favorite radio shows, Only A Game, asked me to talk about my story with them as well. They produced a great 12 minute segment about Stagg that was featured on their February 17 show.
If you haven't had a chance to read or listen yet, feel free to check them out:
Amos Alonzo Stagg and Trump’s America (Sport in American History)
The Complicated Legacy of Pioneering Football Coach Amos Alonzo Stagg (NPR/WBUR's Only A Game)
Posted by Paul Putz at 10:17 PM No comments:
Amos Alonzo Stagg and Japanese American Internment...
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Beijing Seeks to Control Media Voices Outside China
Jennifer Zeng 09:17, 29/10/2018 Print T + T -
WASHINGTON—As part of its global challenge to democratic freedom, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is making a systematic effort to spread propaganda and to suppress undesirable voices both inside and outside of China, a panel of journalists and experts said at a symposium staged by Freedom House.
Discussion of the CCP’s influence on media outside of China was a highlight of the event “China’s Global Challenge to Democratic Freedom,” at the Hudson Institute in Washington on Oct. 24.
Sarah Cook, a senior research analyst at Freedom House, said the CCP has three aims to achieve with their overseas influence operations on media.
One is to promote a positive view on China and a benign perspective of the CCP’s authoritarian rule within China. The second aim is to encourage foreign investment in China and openness to Chinese investment in other countries. The third is to marginalize, demonize, or entirely suppress anti-CCP voices.
As for the narratives directed at Chinese living outside China, there are also the added goals of promoting nationalist sentiment and reunification with Taiwan.
Cook said that the CCP has four types of tactics used to advance these goals, including direct actions by Chinese diplomats, local officials, security forces, and regulators; economic “carrots” and “sticks” to induce self-censorship; indirect pressure applied via proxies such as advertisers, satellite firms, and foreign governments; and incidents such as cyber attacks and physical assaults.
Attacking Independent Media
Jan Jekielek, a producer at NTD Television and senior editor at The Epoch Times, shared a long list of attacks and instances of interference that NTD and The Epoch Times have suffered as independent media outlets reporting on China in Chinese and English.
“We get cyber attacks of all sorts. It’s a weekly thing,” Jekielek said. “When the Epoch Times was founded back in 2000, a batch of people in China came to become journalists. Almost immediately, within a month, they were arrested. Ten of them were sentenced to three- to 10-year terms.”
Jekielek said contributors to The Epoch Times in China went to prison, as well. One of them, Yang Tongyan (who wrote under the pen name Yang Tianshui), actually died in prison on Nov. 7, 2017, after serving 12 years.
“In America, thugs of Chinese origin have beaten up our staff,” he added.
Jekielek cited the case of Li Yuan, The Epoch Times’ chief technical officer. Li was beaten, tied up, blindfolded with duct tape, and robbed of two laptop computers by three Asian men who burst into his suburban Atlanta home with a gun and knife on Feb. 8, 2006.
People who put up satellite dishes to watch NTD in China also can be jailed, Jekielek said.
Xiao Qiang, founder and editor-in-chief of China Digital Times, has his own experience of being “talked to” by a diplomat from the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco.
His editorial team also was targeted by cyber attacks. Everybody was attacked with a bogus page trying to get personal information and “trick us to open up the backend of our website and get our passwords.”
The grandmother of one of his interns was visited by the CCP police in Chengdu, China. A volunteer, and an American citizen, who once worked for him only for two weeks, was visited by CCP public security officers six years later, when she took a trip to China.
“China is more than ever a dictatorship, on its way to a digital totalitarian state. It is determined to maintain a power monopoly over its people. The economic accomplishments make them so confident, but the internal power struggle also makes them so insecure, and desperate sometimes,” Xiao said.
“All of these spilled outside of China. It is inevitably in conflict with [our] open society, our values, our institutions, our civil liberty, and, in a larger sense, our national security.”
Overshadowing a Dissident
Josh Rogin, a columnist for The Washington Post, said that the CCP’s influence operations on English-language media are “part of the orchestrated, well-funded, and comprehensive United Front effort, coordinated both inside and outside of China,” with some of the tactics and interference invisible.
He gave an example of how the CCP “overshadowed” a Tibetan dissident’s testimony before the U.S. Congress and press coverage by sending an official Tibetan delegation to Washington. Sen. Steve Daines (R-Mont.) was asked by the Chinese ambassador in Washington to host the delegation, as he owed him a favor—the CCP once gave Montana a $200 million deal for the state’s beef to be sold in China.
Rogin said, as a result, if one searched for “Tibet, Congress, China,” the top 10 results were all Chinese media’s English-language reports with the message “U.S. Senators Endorse Chinese Rule Over Tibet.”
He said another example is Western journalists being virtually paid by the CCP to write pro-CCP articles without disclosing the source of their funding.
Although the CCP had been pressuring Western companies, “We don’t have a government response to that,” Rogin said.
Published with permission from The Epoch Times.
Tags: China, Beijing, dissident, Media Voices, and propaganda. Categories: China and Truth Stories.
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Our Water Quality charts contain terms and abbreviations you might not be familiar with. To help you better understand these terms, we've provided the following definitions:
AL - Action Level - the concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.
MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level - the "Maximum Allowed" (MCL) is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal - the "Goal" (MCLG) is the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
MRDL - The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There in convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
MRDLG - The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contamination.
Million Fibers per Liter (MFL) - million fibers per liter is a measure of the presence of asbestos fibers that are longer than 10 micrometers.
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) - nephelometric turbidity unit is a measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to the average person.
Non-Detects (ND) - laboratory analysis indicates that the constituent is not detected at the level of measurement.
Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/l) - one part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or a single penny in $10,000.
Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter - one part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000.
Parts per trillion (ppt) or Nanograms per liter (nanograms/l) - one part per trillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000,000.
Parts per quadrillion (ppq) or Picograms per liter (picograms/l) - one part per quadrillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000,000,000.
Picocuries per liter (pCi/L) - picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water.
TT - Treatment Technique - a treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
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You are here: Home / DJs / Push – Universal Nation (Gai Barone Remix)
Push – Universal Nation (Gai Barone Remix)
Next up in Bonzai Progressive’s series of remixed classics, celebrating their 25th year is a contemporary take on one of their most recognisable anthems from back in the day. Progressive maestro Gai Barone takes the driving seat on this one as he delves deep into the anatomy of ‘Universal Nation’, penned in 1998 by a stalwart of Belgian trance – Push. From the very first play out, this one became an instant classic with its soaring synths, chugging bassline, swirling melodies and driving beats. It quickly gained a massive worldwide following as it spearheaded a burgeoning scene creating a multitude of hands in the air moments for the masses. Overwhelmed by the response, Push aka M.I.K.E. soon found himself travelling the world and playing out in front of thousands, both as a DJ and using a live band set-up. The track also spawned a plethora of remixes from a wide range of artists including Ferry Corsten and Oliver Lieb among others. In 2016, ‘Universal Nation’ was voted number 1 on Studio Brussel’s The Greatest Switch Top 100 tracks which, stands as a testament to the high regard this track and its creator is held among music lovers will not disappoint.
Over the last number of years one name has been synonymous with deep, melodic Progressive grooves – Gai Barone. He delivers pure quality with everything he touches and is very much revered by his peers as an inspirational figure. He is no stranger to Bonzai Progressive, he’s contributed several tracks and remixes that have gained great support and he continues to lead the way with his tight production skills and creativity. The perfect choice for this one we think. On the remix Gai takes us on a sublime journey with his alternative take on this classic. Right from the off we find ourselves drawn in as surreal, swirling pads and FX create a scattered texture. Chunky kick drums soon follow and a super tight drum arrangement keeps the rhythm flowing. Vocals from the original masterpiece are on display as well as extended vocal snippets from the original source. In comes that classic melody that fades into existence to the backdrop of a solid, driving bassline that captivates the mind. The break is simply sublime as Gai takes the tempo down before rising back into full on mode. An absolute stomping remix that will definitely become a firm favourite among many.
https://soundcloud.com/marnikbonzai/push-universal-nation-gai-barone-remix-bonzai-progressive-preview
https://www.beatport.com/release/universal-nation-gai-barone-remix/1953095
Gail Barone Online
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https://www.instagram.com/gaibarone
https://www.youtube.com/user/gaibarone
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Previously, in Actelion v. Icos Corporation (as they say in TV shows): Actelion filed a nullity suit against the French part of European patent EP’092 owned by Icos Corporation (belonging to the Eli Lilly group) and relating to a particular formulation of the blockbuster drug tadalafil. Icos disputed Actelion’s standing. Actelion prevailed, except regarding some dependent claims relating to therapeutic uses of the formulation unrelated to Actelion’s business.
Today’s episode is dedicated to the second legal defense brought by Icos, based on the French statute of limitations. Icos argued that Actelion’s action was time-barred – successfully so.
A few years ago, the statute of limitations was never brought up as a legal defense in nullity suits in France. In fact, the Code de la propriété intellectuelle does not contain any specific limitation provision regarding nullity claims – contrary to, e.g., infringement claims.
Everything changed further to the reform of the Code civil enacted in 2008. Amended article 2264 now provides that “personal or real actions are time-barred five years from the day when the owner of a right knew or should have known the facts making the action possible“.
In other terms, the general limitation period in ordinary civil law is five years. Numerous exceptions are provided in specific areas of the law, but as mentioned above, no exception is provided for nullity patent suits. On the other hand, before the 2008 reform, the general limitation period was 30 years. Therefore, whether or not the general limitation period applied to patent nullity claims was irrelevant since it exceeded whatever time was needed by nullity plaintiffs anyway.
But a few years after the reform, litigants started to realize that the new statute of limitations had become a thorny issue in patent invalidity lawsuits. If I recall correctly, I was skeptical the first time I heard about it, because it intuitively seemed wrong that a patent nullity claim could possibly be time-barred. But soon enough, everyone had to acknowledge that the 2008 reform had had unintended but far-reaching consequences in patent law, and that nullity claims could now be time-barred.
As an important side note, this does not mean that defendants in infringement suits are now unable to fend off a claim based on an invalid patent. It is always possible to raise invalidity as a defense (or exception) to an infringement claim. But a revocation counterclaim may be time-barred. In such a case, the invalidity of the patent may be acknowledged by the court without any erga omnes revocation.
As far as direct nullity actions are concerned, they are of course fully impacted, as they may be held entirely inadmissible if time-barred.
Not only is this situation unsatisfactory, but a major problem is then the determination of the starting point of the limitation period. In this respect, court decisions over the past few years have been all over the place.
We do not know for sure whether the Actelion ruling will be held in the future as representative of “established case law” or whether it will be reversed or ignored. But since it is probably the most recent judgment on this sensitive question, I view it as of today as a reasonable reference for predicting future cases.
It is now time to go back to the particulars of the case.
Freakier than the Donnie Darko rabbit: the time-bar moose.
A first argument raised by Actelion was that the abovementioned article 2264 of the Code civil is not applicable to patent nullity claims. This argument failed, in keeping with previous rulings. The court held that the nullity action was a “personal” action under article 2264 and thus subject to the limitation period:
Like a tort action (which it is admittedly not), a [patent nullity action] has a function of cessation of the unlawful, in the competition relationship between the parties (said unlawful being here made up of a legal act the validity conditions of which are not fulfilled), and it is thus appended to a relationship of quasi-tort obligation. In this sole respect it pertains to the category of personal actions. This category is in fact broad as it is the category of ordinary law, whereas real actions are in a determined number.
The court rejected further arguments that the action serves a general interest and should therefore not be subject to the limitation period:
The fact that nullity, with its erga omnes effect, incidentally serves a general interest does not legally imply that the action should not be subjected to a limitation period. Neither does the fact that it is open to all, as it is not limited to a certain person, contradict its personal character, as the plaintiff must justify its personal standing and only pursues a personal interest with its action.
Then comes the central issue of the starting point of the limitation period. Many propositions have been made in this respect: publication date of the application, grant of the patent, actual knowledge of the patent, etc.
Here is how this panel of the Paris Tribunal de grande instance saw it:
The starting point of the limitation period must thus be set to the day, which is determined in concreto, when [Actelion] knew or should have known, in view of the progress of their research and of the seriousness of their project […], that the EP’092 patent could possibly thwart said project. Therefore, neither the publication of the grant of the patent (which would in fact require an unrealistic watch for market players and is unrelated to the development of the project conferring standing), nor the knowledge of the grounds of nullity of the title (which may be significantly before the knowledge of the facts and economic considerations giving rise to standing and in practice goes back to the publication of grant) are appropriate starting points.
In other terms, the court rejected any automatic starting point such as the patent grant, as was argued by the patentee as a first line of defense (or worse, the publication of the application, as was suggested in earlier decisions). This would of course make the determination much easier but would be illogical as you could then be time-barred before even acquiring standing to sue…
Instead, a full appraisal of the facts and circumstances of each case is necessary. In this respect, a strong parallel was made between the appraisal of standing and the starting point of the limitation period.
The way I understand the judgment, the limitation period starts running when the party acquires standing to sue.
This has the advantage of ensuring overall consistency in the assessment of the admissibility of a nullity action.
On the other hand, on a practical standpoint, I think this approach makes it extremely difficult for a party to determine whether they are time-barred from starting a contemplated nullity suit. Indeed, as explained in the previous post, the appraisal of standing is complex and seems to rely on converging lines of evidence depending on the plaintiff’s research and commercial projects. It is already hard to guess in advance whether the court will be satisfied that the projects are sufficiently precise and advanced for standing to be acknowledged. But determining when exactly the party’s projects became sufficiently precise and advanced looks like a game of roulette to me.
Another drawback of the court’s approach in Actelion is that the knowledge of the grounds of nullity was explicitly not taken into account. But in order to decide whether to claim the revocation of a patent, you not only must have an interest in putting this claim forward, but you also need to find actual reasons why the patent should be revoked. Most of the time, a careful review of the patent and a full prior art search should make it possible for a diligent party to determine such reasons. But there are certainly more complex situations, where the existence of a ground of nullity may be incidentally revealed, e.g. by way of a testimony, experimental tests or the like, at a certain time which may be too late for launching a nullity suit.
Let’s now examine how the court applied the general principles set forth above to the present case.
Icos relied on four facts which they claimed demonstrated that the action was time-barred (bearing in mind that the complaint was filed in June 2015):
an article submitted by Actelion’s researchers in 2005 to a scientific journal on the combination of the drugs bosentan and sildenafil (a drug having the same function as tadalafil, the one claimed in the patent at stake) for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PHTN);
an annual report dated 2010 mentioning a phase IV clinical trial on the above drug combination for the treatment of PHTN;
a patent application filed in 2007 by Actelion on drug combinations for the treatment of PHTN, which in particular mentioned tadalafil in claim 3;
a marketing authorization (MA) for Adcirca granted to the Eli Lilly group on October 1, 2008 (Adcirca apparently corresponding to the formulation of tadalafil protected in EP’092, for the treatment of PHTN).
The court considered the 2005 article as “too early to characterize a real business interest of the plaintiffs“, but on the other hand as indicative of a “real scientific interest for this type of combination therapy“. The court further noted that the 2010 annual report confirmed that there was continuing research in this field.
The patent application of 2007 was seen as evidence that tadalafil had been identified as an interesting compound for combination PHTN therapy and had been the subject-matter of serious research.
But the fact held to be the most determining one was the marketing of Adcirca by the Eli Lilly group. Said the court:
[…] Actelion, as a leader in the treatment of PHTN, and using tadalafil in the combination therapy which had been under development for more than 3 years, could not possibly ignore the marketing of a directly competing drug, and see in it, and therefore in the patent that the drug implemented, a serious threat for its economic activity.
In their submissions, Actelion argued that the limitation period could not start running until their development projects became sufficiently specific in order for the EP’092 to be identified as an obstacle. But the court rejected this argument, noting that this requirement was not taken into account for the appraisal of standing and thus could not be taken into account either for the appraisal of the limitation period. The limitation period could thus start running even before potential R&D on the formulation claimed in EP’092 – and in addition there was no evidence that such specific R&D was indeed conducted at a later stage, according to the court.
Again, consistency between the two admissibility requirements was given a paramount importance in the court’s reasoning. In particular, the court found that there was a contradiction in the claimants’ position since, on the one hand, they presented their combination therapy trials as relevant to characterize their standing, and on the other hand they deemed that their 2007 patent application claiming tadalafil in a combination therapy was not representative of a serious business interest.
Consequently, the court held that on October 1, 2008 at the latest (i.e. on the day Eli Lilly was granted the Adcirca MA):
the plaintiffs knew or should have known that the EP’092 patent could represent an impediment to their business and could be asserted against them by the patentee.
The action was thus deemed inadmissible.
Again, on a practical standpoint, this outcome is very unfortunate, as nullity actions are a useful tool of economic regulation, skimming legally unfounded monopolies. And on a theoretical standpoint, several points in the judgment are surely open to criticism.
But the worst part of it all is probably the legal uncertainty entailed by such a complex and fuzzy appraisal of both standing and the starting point of the limitation period. This is not good news for decision makers.
So, we will have to watch out for further decisions on this topic. An amendment of the statute opening the door more broadly again to nullity claims might in fact be the best way forward, but I do not think that this is in store.
CASE REFERENCE: Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, 3ème chambre, 1ère section, March 16, 2017, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. & Actelion Pharmaceuticals France v. Icos Corporation, RG No. 15/07920.
Posted on May 15, 2017 May 13, 2017 Author RenaudCategories French case law, Limitation period
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Commerce and collecting
An extract from the Trade and Empire exhibition at The Whitworth Art Gallery
Slave-grown cotton is key to the story of the Industrial Revolution and to the accumulation of wealth that built Manchester during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Every ounce of cotton in Britain was imported from overseas plantations, many of which used enslaved labour.
During the eighteenth century the slave plantations of the West Indies provided Manchester with raw cotton alongside the traditional sources of the Middle East and India. From 1790 this shifted to a dependence on the slave plantations of the American south and by 1802 America had become the largest supplier of cotton to the British market.
Slavery continued in North America after the abolition of the British slave trade in 1807 and Manchester remained dependent on slave-grown cotton. As late as 1860 America supplied 88% of the cotton imported into Britain. Slavery enabled cotton to be grown cheaply and was a major reason why the price of cotton textiles fell steadily from the 1790s to 1840.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries new generations of rich industrialists and other businessmen emerged whose wealth derived from businesses associated with cotton. These families used some of this wealth to make collections of fine and decorative art to demonstrate their prestige, refinement and taste.
This map shows the major trade routes operating between Europe, Africa and the Americas, moving enslaved peoples, raw cotton and manufactured goods between the three continents. During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the shape of these trade routes was roughly triangular.
Cotton was crucial to the rise of industrial Manchester but at what cost? An estimated 12 million Africans were forcefully transported across the Atlantic into slavery. Enslaved people were denied basic human rights and the inhumane treatment experienced on slave ships and plantations cost many their lives.
In Manchester, the rise of the cotton industry meant that the population of the city spiralled; multiplying from 17,000 to 180,000 between 1760 and 1830. Living and working conditions were crowded, dirty and dangerous. Whilst some grew very rich through cotton, it caused great deprivation and hardship for many more.
Slave whip
Supplies for European demands
Triangular trade and multiple profits
Racism and rights for Africans
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Stadium High School Tigers
Information about Stadium High School Tigers
Stadium High School is a public high school in Tacoma, Washington, and a historic landmark. It is part of Tacoma Public Schools, or Tacoma School District No. 10 and is located in the Stadium District, near downtown Tacoma. The original building burned to a shell in 1898 while it was still a partially constructed hotel designed by Hewitt & Hewitt that was being used for storage. It was reconstructed for use as a school beginning in 1906 according to designs by Frederick Heath, and a "bowl" stadium was added later in 1910.
Stadium High School
Stadium High School Pictures
Stadium High School Football
Stadium High School 10 Things I Hate About You
Stadium High School Athletics
Stadium High School History
Stadium High School Calendar
Stadium High School Flooding
Stadium High School Fiddler On The Roof
Stadium High School Tacoma History
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GREAT FORGOTTEN SONGS
GREAT UNKNOWN SONGS
ISOLATED TRACKS
ORIGINAL X COVER
Rock And Roll Garage
Great Unkwnown Songs #24 – 10cc “Rubber Bullets”
Steven Adler returns to the stage after knife incident
Greta Van Fleet says new album will be very different from the first
Sharon Osbourne says Bob Daisley is a sad old f*ck
Austin Butler will be Elvis Presley in Biopic with Tom Hanks
Rafael Polcaro
“Rubber Bullets” by English rock band 10cc is from their debut self-titled album. It was written and sung by Kevin Godley, Lol Creme, and Graham Gouldman and produced by 10cc.
The song was the band’s first number one single in the UK Singles Chart, spending one week at the top in June 1973. It also reached No. 1 in Ireland and No. 3 in Australia, but it fared relatively poorly in the United States where it peaked at only No. 73.
A tongue in cheek homage to the 1957 film Jailhouse Rock with a Beach Boys influence, the song attracted some controversy at the time because of the British Army’s use of rubber bullets to quell rioting in Northern Ireland.
Hear the song below:
“Rubber Bullets” by 10cc
10 cc (1973)
The song features a double-speed guitar solo, created using a technique also used the same year by Mike Oldfield for his Tubular Bells album.
In a BBC Radio Wales interview, guitarist Eric Stewart explained:
“That’s a double track solo on that. It’s, it’s very, very high, of course, going through a Marshall stack, then I slowed the tape to half speed – seven and a half [inches per second] – and recorded it, you know, going [plays singles picked notes slowly] and when you speed it back up you’ve got an octave up, but there’s a screaming fuzz on the top of it, that’s an octave higher than it was recorded.
“So it’s a very unusual sound done in that way, just an experiment. Because 10cc, we love to experiment, we used to love to waste time. And having the beauty of having our own studio, we didn’t have a clock in there so we weren’t restricted.”
Hear more Great Unknown Songs
Related Topics:10cc, CLASSIC ROCK, Featured, Great Unkwnown Songs
I am a 24 year-old brazilian journalist, a classic rock and heavy metal lover. Music has always been part of my life, helped me through tough moments and was with me to celebrate the good ones. When i became a journalist i knew i wanted to write about my passions. After college I did a postgraduate degree in digital communication. This has helped me to make the website better and bring the best of classic rock to the world! MTB: 0021377/MG
More in Classic Rock
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See Michael Stipe Cover Ringo Starr, Velvet Underground and more
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Contact: talkwithgarage@gmail.com
Copyright © 2018 Rock And Roll Garage
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Neutrophil Nanosponges Soak Up Proteins That Promote Rheumatoid Arthritis
The nanosponges are nanoparticles of biodegradable polymer coated with the cell membranes of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.
Engineers at the University of California (UC) San Diego have developed neutrophil "nanosponges" that can safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Injections of these nanosponges effectively treated severe rheumatoid arthritis in two mouse models. Administering the nanosponges early on also prevented the disease from developing.
"Nanosponges are a new paradigm of treatment to block pathological molecules from triggering disease in the body," said senior author Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering. "Rather than creating treatments to block a few specific types of pathological molecules, we are developing a platform that can block a broad spectrum of them, and this way we can treat and prevent disease more effectively and efficiently."
This work is one of the latest examples of therapeutic nanosponges developed by Zhang's lab. Zhang, who is affiliated with the Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego, and his team previously developed red blood cell nanosponges to combat and prevent MRSA infections and macrophage nanosponges to treat and manage sepsis.
The new nanosponges are nanoparticles of biodegradable polymer coated with the cell membranes of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.
Neutrophils are among the immune system's first responders against invading pathogens. They are also known to play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease that causes painful inflammation in the joints and can ultimately lead to damage of cartilage and bone tissue.
When rheumatoid arthritis develops, cells in the joints produce inflammatory proteins called cytokines. Release of cytokines signals neutrophils to enter the joints. Once there, cytokines bind to receptors on the neutrophil surfaces, activating them to release more cytokines, which in turn draws more neutrophils to the joints and so on.
The nanosponges essentially nip this inflammatory cascade in the bud. By acting as tiny neutrophil decoys, they intercept cytokines and stop them from signaling even more neutrophils to the joints, reducing inflammation and joint damage.
These nanosponges offer a promising alternative to current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Some monoclonal antibody drugs, for example, have helped patients manage symptoms of the disease, but they work by neutralizing only specific types of cytokines. This is not sufficient to treat the disease, said Zhang, because there are so many different types of cytokines and pathological molecules involved.
"Neutralizing just one or two types might not be as effective. So, our approach is to take neutrophil cell membranes, which naturally have receptors to bind all these different types of cytokines and use them to manage an entire population of inflammatory molecules," said Zhang. "This strategy removes the need to identify specific cytokines or inflammatory signals in the process. Using entire neutrophil cell membranes, we're cutting off all these inflammatory signals at once," said first author Qiangzhe Zhang, a Ph.D. student in Professor Liangfang Zhang's research group at UC San Diego.
To make the neutrophil nanosponges, the researchers first developed a method to separate neutrophils from whole blood. They then processed the cells in a solution that causes them to swell and burst, leaving the membranes behind. The membranes were then broken up into much smaller pieces. Mixing them with ball-shaped nanoparticles made of biodegradable polymer fused the neutrophil cell membranes onto the nanoparticle surfaces.
"One of the major challenges of this work was streamlining this entire process, from isolating neutrophils from blood to removing the membranes, and making this process repeatable. We spent a lot of time figuring this out and eventually created a consistent neutrophil nanosponge production line," said Qiangzhe Zhang.
In mouse models of severe rheumatoid arthritis, injecting nanosponges in inflamed joints led to reduced swelling and protected cartilage from further damage. The nanosponges performed just as well as treatments in which mice were administered a high dose of monoclonal antibodies. The nanosponges also worked as a preventive treatment when administered prior to inducing the disease in another group of mice.
Professor Liangfang Zhang cautions that the nanosponge treatment does not eliminate the disease. "We are basically able to manage the disease. It's not completely gone. But swelling is greatly reduced, and cartilage damage is minimized," he said.
The team hopes to one day see their work in clinical trials.
Illustration: Illustration of a neutrophil cell membrane-coated nanoparticle. Credit: Qiangzhe Zhang/Nature Nanotechnology.
University of California, San Diego News Release (09/03/18)
Abstract (Nature Nanotechnology, 2018.)
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Angelina Jolie in as “Acid Burn” in “Hackers”
I had just flown back Saturday night from a week swatting mosquitoes on a movie set in Georgia, so I wasn’t over-excited when a guy from my PR company called to tell me I was going to another movie set on Monday.
“What’s it called?”
“’Hackers.’ It’s about a group of young computer hackers, trying to stop a virus or something.”
“Who’s in it?”
“Mostly kids you’ve never heard of… Oh yeah, the female lead is Jon Voight’s daughter.”
The next morning at crew call I was upstanding in front of Stuy High waiting for things to get started. And then I saw her. She didn’t look like any computer hacker I’d ever seen.
My question to Andrew Morton, who has just written an unauthorized biography, “Angelina,” or to anybody, is: when did Angelina Jolie become Angelina Jolie? When did all the elements that make everyone so fascinated with her—her otherworldly beauty, her acting talent, her oddness, her instincts for marketing herself—when exactly did all those ingredients stir up a superstar?
To put it simply, when did this 14 year old
become this?
She was 19 years old when she made “Hackers,” but was very experienced in the world of showbiz by then.
She’d made her film her film debut at 7 in Hal Ashby’s “Lookin’ to Get Out,” which her dad co-wrote and starred in.
From ages 11-13 she studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, and appeared in several stage productions. But at 14, she decided she dropped out of acting classes, starting dressing goth and dreamed of being a funeral director. Later on,while she was at Beverly Hills High she was teased for being thin, wearing glasses and having braces. She collected knives and cut herself. But you would think she’d gain some self-esteem by 16 from the modeling work she did. Of course, who knows? Just because you realize you can turn men into quivering Smuckers, doesn’t necessarily make you happy or give you confidence.
A few years later, she did this video with the 47-year-old Meatloaf. I don’t know what you think, but I think it’s kind of creepy.
She’d starred in this straight-to-video-movie:
And played a supporting role in this one (despite the repackaged advertising)
“Hackers” was going to be her first theatrical release. She’d meet her husband, the pre-“Trainspotting” Jonny Lee Miller on it.
But none of this meant she could act. Beauty and connections only get you so far. Did she inherit acting genes from her Dad? Because she was around the world of acting from childhood? Her Dad wasn’t part of her life after she was pretty young. Was it because she had put the time in acting classes? What about her freaking weirdness? Funeral Director? Knives? Where did that come from?
Look at that picture above from “Hackers.” She looks like she’s in a Godard movie, half Jean-Pierre Leaud in “Masculin-Feminin” and half Anne Wiazemsky in “La Chinoise.” I think she had it by then, whatever it is. 19 years old and I will argue that she already booked her ticket on the Monica Vitti express. Show me one 19-year-old actress today who can pull off that kind of attitude.
Somewhere in her late teens, I don’t know exactly when, she had put it all together from her beauty, innate talent, the hurt of her childhood, and who knows what else, and invented herself.
By the time I saw her, she had that whipsmart thing about her like she’d seen it all knew it all and wasn’t telling. It was just something she owned, it was all there, and it was unnerving. Most people take a lot longer to find themself before they are able to find success. She had the package and she knew it. Let success find her.
A lot of the film involved the hackers rollerblading around the city, pursued by bad guys. We were able to block off traffic for many blocks for some of these scenes. One day I had “Entertainment Tonight” on the set and it didn’t make sense for Angelina to take off her blades for the interview. But when she tried to do the interview with them on, she couldn’t stay still. A good publicist has to be able to improvise. I put my foot out so she could lean her wheel on it and I tried to prop her up with the side of my arm, or anything I could figure out to do to keep her in place without actually touching her. Some of you might think I’d enjoy being that close to her, but I couldn’t wait for the interview to be over. Yuck! It made me think of too many things I’d rather not think about . What would my life have been like if I was her? Thinking about myself at 19 was surreal. She was so young, and she already knew so many things I would never know, and would experienced so many things I would never experience. Even if I was young, this is not the kind of girl I would ever have approached.
A few years later, I was waiting to meet a client in front of the Mayflower Hotel. Shortly after I got there, Angelina came out and lingered by the door. Maybe she was being picked up to go to the set of “Gia,” which was filming at the time. It was just the two of us, standing there for ten minutes. But she wasn’t all made up, in costume, an actor on the set--she was just an attractive young woman, the kind you see all the time in New York. She was anonymous as a prima ballerina strolling down Amsterdam Avenue in sweats, knowing she had that power within her. I was real proud of myself, thinking, “she’s going to be a huge movie star, but right now nobody’s paying any attention to her.” And it was true, nobody knew who the hell she was.
But she did. Hell yeah, I’m sure she did.
Tags: Angelina Jolie
8/9/2010 12:09:57 AM #
Comparing The Angelina Of Hackers To The Ange+ Of Today « Movie City News
My Life as a Blog | Angelina Jolie: When Does a Legend Become?
I'm always incredibly amazed at how much insight you have into the female mindset. Very few men (and not all women) realize this:
"Just because you realize you can turn men into quivering Smuckers, doesn’t necessarily make you happy or give you confidence."
Anonymus | Reply
9/30/2011 11:22:53 PM #
Thanks for sharing Will look for "Hackers" today
Macrolab | Reply
Angelina is indeed one of the most beautiful and versatile actresses that have ever graced the big screen.
TinyMiner Eve Online Mining Bot | Reply
11/10/2012 1:51:54 PM #
One of my favorite actress. I recommend two of her movies: Original Sin and The Tourist.
Stealth Miner EVE Online Bot | Reply
What make an actor or actress in the legend category? I think of actors like Dick Van Dyke who many people I talk to never realize he plays Bert and Mr. Dawes Senior both in Mary Poppins, because he plays the two parts so well separated. Eddie Murphy also does really well as playing multiple parts in the Nutty Professor movies.
Anjelina plays a well disturbed Lisa in Girl Interrupted, and the ex-girlfriend thief Sara in Gone in Sixty Seconds, but if you were to change her makeup could she disguise herself as someone you couldn't separate from her other characters? Now I'm not personally one of her biggest fans so I could not even give a fair judgement weather or not should could do this. I'm just pointing out how this could possibly be what would make you a legendary actor or actress.
People simply have to like one person you are in order for you to become a superstar overnight. I know several people who can't stand Lady Gaga or Justin Bieber (not that I'm someone who really enjoys their style), but the fact remains that right here and now they are superstars. Further more there are several actors that can't act at all and yet are superstars (not naming names to avoid things being thrown at me lol).
I just figured this blog would be a good place to drop the food for thought. What is a legend in the actor or actress world? What do you think signifies someone as a future legend? What qualities would be required?
Runescape Gold | Reply
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Politics, Economics
Carmen Rojas
CEO, The Workers Lab
Carmen Rojas is the CEO of The Workers Lab, an innovation lab that invests in entrepreneurs, community organizers, and technologists to create replicable and revenue generating solutions that improve conditions for low-wage workers. The Workers Lab invests capital, offers an accelerator program focused on business and leadership development, and connects ventures to a broad network of supporters to support their continued development and success.
Prior to assuming this position, she was the Acting Director of Collective Impact at Living Cities. In this capacity, she played a pivotal role supporting the work of Living Cities’ member institutions, which represented 22 of the largest foundations and financial institutions in the world. Her work focused on improving economic opportunity for low- income people by supporting projects in the fields of economic & workforce development, energy efficiency, and asset building.
From 2008 to 2011, Carmen was the Director of Strategic Programs at the Mitchell Kapor Foundation, where she oversaw the Foundation’s Green Access and Civic Engagement programs. Her charge involved participating in movement building efforts to build power in low-income communities and communities of color.
Prior to joining the Foundation, Carmen was the Coordinator of the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency’s Taskforce on African American Out-Migration. As Coordinator, she developed qualitative and quantitative reports for a taskforce established by San Francisco’s Mayor Gavin Newsom to address African American displacement from the city.
Carmen holds a Ph.D. in City and Regional Planning from the University of California, Berkeley and was a Fulbright Scholar in 2007. She taught in the Department of City & Regional Planning at the University of California at Berkeley from 2009-2011. Her teaching focused on the history of cities in the US, a practicum on local economic development, planning pedagogy, and race in the practice of city planning.
Completed: September 21, 2017
Resurrecting the Idea of Government as the Steward of Public Good
Series: The Future of Work
Carmen Rojas, CEO of The Workers Lab, founded the workers lab because she wanted to help ensure that upward mobility remains a possibility in the American economy. Rojas spoke about the experience of her immigrant mother, who was offered workplace training, benefits, a living wage, and a no-interest loan to buy a house through her job cleaning an office building, all of which allowed her “a footstep into the middle class.”
Participants: Carmen Rojas
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Richard Cullen on "Criminal justice system works, keep it that way" (China Daily)
"Criminal justice system works, keep it that way"
Since the sentences were announced there have been strong protests about the severity of the penalties imposed, especially on Leung who was the former spokesman for Hong Kong Indigenous - a localist group. Incidentally, none of those protesting has paused to note the courage of the out-numbered policemen who brought the riot under control using the minimum force required, at serious cost in terms of injuries for a number of them.
The array of people thus protesting included the last governor of British Hong Kong. Chris Patten is quoted as saying: "It is disappointing to see that the legislation is now being used politically to place extreme sentences on 'pan-democrats' and other activists". The relevant legislation is the Public Order Ordinance, the most significant elements of which were passed by the British Hong Kong government to give additional powers to police during the riots in Hong Kong in the mid-1960s. Shortly before the 1997 handover, the powers the British enjoyed under the ordinance until 1995 were watered down. The Provisional Legislative Council reversed these 11th-hour amendments in 1997. ...
Patten's accusation that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region judiciary is now in the business of applying the law with plain political intentions is not new. This is a reiterated claim. Hong Kong's former director of public prosecutions Grenville Cross has responded to similar past claims and I cannot improve on his observations: "As he (Patten) should know, Hong Kong's judiciary is fiercely independent, is comprised of men and women of integrity and is well regarded throughout Asia and beyond. Once he has cooled down, Patten may wish to withdraw his slur, and to give the judiciary his unequivocal support, given its valiant work in upholding the rule of law in Hong Kong." I can only add that it is disappointing that Lord Patten (as he now is) has lately demonstrated a comprehensive failure to heed this robust, sensible advice. ...
We are genuinely fortunate that Hong Kong's criminal justice system is not devitalized like that in Britain (which Patten would have us emulate, it would seem). Our system has both integrity and backbone. The judges in that system understand their key role in keeping Hong Kong one of the safest large cities in the world - without fear or favor. Click here to read the full text.
Labels: criminal justice, Richard Cullen, rioting, sentencing
Michael C. Davis July 6, 2018 at 3:16 PM
In assessing Chris Patten and other critical responses to these cases we should be careful not to lump the Leung case with all the others involving non-violent civil disobedience. One suspect that Chris Patten was concerned more about the democracy activist. Even the objection in the Leung case relates more to the severity of the sentence, not the behaviour of the police.
Susan Finder July 6, 2018 at 3:21 PM
Would also say that Richard and Michael are likely not aware of the depth of the attacks on the non-Chinese in the local judiciary.
There has been a time-worn, self-serving totem of the law-enforcement/prosecutor complex that exposing their mistakes would be harmful because it would undermine public confidence in the justice system. It is a price that they are quite willing to have other people pay. Those who buy into this line of thinking can expect, and almost always receive, commendations and protection from the colleagues and superiors. It is no accident that the victims of their mistakes are people who generated little social sympathy and have few resources. So, it is even hard to call them mistakes when these acts are so willfully pursued. According to this writer public confidence is important to good law enforcement, but it can’t be bought at such a deep discount and not be tarnished.
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The Mark Tompkins success story began more than a thousand winners ago. He won his first Group race very early in his career and has maintained this standard ever since. With horses bought from a variety of budgets, his top class winners have been over all distances, ranging from the six-furlong Duke of York Group 2 to the two-mile plus Yorkshire Cup Group 2. He is brilliant at getting the best out of every horse and puts his heart and soul into finding the right opportunities for them to perform at their peak. His handling of his Classic-winning St Leger Group 1 horse, Bob's Return, is a perfect example of this.
Mark is chairman of the Newmarket Trainers' Federation and has been since 1997. He is highly repected for his common sense and passion for all racing matters.
Mark trains at Franklands Lodge. A modern well built yard which has great facilities including two turn out paddocks, a boarded lunge ring and a horsewalker.
Mark attracts owners who love the individual attention and the friendliness of this family-run yard. Mark has always prided himself on being very open and approachable. He believes that racing is a great sport which must be fun and enjoyable for owners, but equally that his role is to run a very professional yard. It's a seven-day-a-week obsession with 5.30 starts and the day doesn't end until after evening stables when every horse gets checked over. His car clocks up 40,000 plus miles a year going to race meetings, and his two horse-boxes are constantly on the go in this country and travel abroad when required.
Mark has always displayed great astuteness in the sales ring and many of his purchases have gone on to win their purchase price more than 10 times over in prize-money. He is highly respected in the business for his "eye" when buying horses and his success has led to recognition and reward. It doesn't have to break the bank to buy a horse to have in training with Mark. He is extremely aware of buying value for money which is essential in these times. So whether you are a single owner or thinking of joining one of Mark's very successful syndicates, you can rest assured there will be no stone left unturned in finding you the right one.
Mark at Tattersalls
Mark's big race successes have included the following, and many were purchased for very reasonable sums:
Bob's Return (Bought for £14,500 by Mark for one of his owners to give his wife as a wedding anniversary present, and went on to win prize-money approaching half-a-million): Won St. Leger (G1), Great Voltigeur (G2), Lingfield Derby Trial (G3), Zetland Stakes (L); second in the Eclipse (G1) and the Hardwicke Stakes (G2); fourth in the Prix Ganay (G1).
Bob after winning the St. Leger
Even Top: Beaten a short head in the 2,000 Guineas (G1); won the Tattersalls Stakes (L) and Strenshall Stakes (L); second in the Racing Post Trophy (G1) and Winter Hill Stakes (G3); third in the Lockinge (G1) and Scottish Classic (G3); fourth in the Champion Stakes (G1) and Prince of Wales Stakes (G2).
Cool Edge (Bought by Mark for £750 and earned £100,000 prize-money): Won Gladness Stakes (G3) and the Spring Trophy; placed in seven other Group and Listed races.
Ted Spread (Home-bred): Won Chester Vase (G3); fourth in the Great Voltigeur (G2).
Ted Spread wins the Chester Vase
Brushing (Home-bred): Won the Galtres Stakes (L) and the Cumberland Plate.
Brushing an impressive winner of the Galtres
Astrocharm (Bought by Mark for under £10,000): Won Lily Langtry Stakes (G3), had six other career succcesses and was placed 21 times including five Group or Listed races.
Babodana (Bought by Mark for £15,000 and landed more than £220,000 prize-money): Won the Ben Marshal Stakes (L), the Lincoln; second in Betfred Mile (G2), Ben Marshal Stakes, Midsummer Stakes (L), Hambleton Stakes (L); third in Betfred Mile, Badener Muile (G3), Darley Stakes (G3), the Lincoln; also placed in 11 other Group and Listed races.
Babodana wins the Lincon
Topatoo (Home-bred): Won Middleton Stakes (G3); second in Dahlia Stakes (G3); fourth in Gala Stakes (L).
Steenberg (Bought by Mark for 12,000 gns. and earned over £220,000 prize-money): Won Duke of York Stakes (G2) and Wentworth Stakes (L); second in Duke of York twice, Gladness Stakes (G3) twice, Jersey Stakes (G3); third Prix de Ris-Orange (G3); fourth Sprint Cup (G1) and placed in three other Group or Listed races.
Smokey Oakey (Bought by Mark): Won Brigadier Gerard Stakes (G3) and Lincoln Handicap.
Franklins Gardens (Bought by Mark and winner of more than £200,000 prize-money): Won Yorkshire Cup (G2) and Lingfield Derby Trial (G3); second in Lonsdale Cup (G2), Jockey Club (G2), Sagaro Stakes (G3); fourth in two other G3 races.
Franklins Gardens wins the Yorkshire Cup
Volata: Won Chipchase Stakes (G3) and Weatherbys Stud Book Stakes (L). Sold to Hong Kong, renamed Firebolt and became champion sprinter there.
Halkopous: Won Magnet Cup, Bula Hurdle (Grade 2), Yorkshire Hurdle (G2); placed in five other Grade 1 or 2 races including Champion Hurdle.
Staunch Friend: Won Bula hurdle(G2), Scottish Champion Hurdle (G2), Punchestown Champion Hurdle (L); second in two other G2 races.
"I try to bring out the best in every one of my horses." Mark feels that, "in some ways I am just like a school teacher, who has to place them in races so they can fulfil their potential. To win or be placed in Group and Listed company, like many of these horses named above, they have a natural talent but they also have heart, that strength to battle and the will to win. They can't all be stars but whatever level a horse competes at they all have to want to achieve. My owners and I have had some tremendous days and I hope to have many more for them in the years ahead."
He has a natural affinity with horses and watches his charges very carefully. He knows the individuals so well that he can quickly recognise if there are any changes in their demeanour, their physical well-being or their work.
He has excellent, experienced and highly efficient staff who are vital to the success of the yard. The team works hard and cheerfully, and above all they love the horses.
Mark is a great thinker and carefully plans each of his horses' campaigns. He studiously watches the various stages of their development, assesses what their future achievements are likely to be to, and so brings the best out of every one of them. His aim is to maximise their potential.
Mark's success with homebreds, particularly in more recent years, has come through horses bred at the beautiful Dullingham Park Stud, run principally by his wife, Angie, with the support of the Guvnor himself and a dedicated staff. The stud has gone from strength to strength, producing the winners of Group and Listed races and other horses who have recorded multiple wins through their careers.
"Newmarket is unique," says Mark. "It has everything and there is simply no finer place to train horses. Indeed all the facilities at racing's HQ are unrivalled. Apart from the miles of manicured grass gallops and all-weather surfaces, we have the best equine vets in the world here, along with highly respected farriers, the world's leading sales company, Tattersalls, and all the other ancillary racing industries that you can think of." Mark loves to be out with his string on Newmarket Heath every morning all year round, rain or shine, supervising his horses. His knowledge of the hundreds of acres of gallops and all-weather canters available to trainers in Newmarket is second to none and allows him to make optimum use of them all. He is completely dedicated to his work and each individual animal is important to him.
Mark recognises that he could not have a better group of owners. "I am very fortunate to have such great people to train for," he says. "They are knowledgeable, patient when they have to be, and we have all enjoyed some tremendous days together." (One such was the day of his famous treble at Ascot's Festival of Racing.) "We shall have many more moments to cherish in the years ahead, and I am so grateful for the support my owners give me."
Mark is always very welcoming to owners who visit the yard and the stud. He wants them to understand how the horses are progressing and be involved in the planning of their careers. His positive thinking and cheerfulness are infectious, but the serious work and concentration on his racehorses are paramount to him. Mark will always try to make owning a racehorse a fun and enjoyable experience for you and your family.
To be part of the success story ring Mark on 01638 661434 or 07799 663339 or e-mail This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it (for more details see 'Contact Us' page)
It is worth noting that Mark always does his utmost to guarantee a happy retirement for the horses he has trained when their racing days are over. Some go on to a career in the show ring where one or two have been highly successful, others take up eventing, show jumping, or dressage, and some are just happy as riding horses. It is a measure of Mark's care for the horses he handles that they will always be well looked after while they are in training and beyond. Some of these horses are shown on the "Where are they now" page on this site.
Mark out with his horses at Newmarket
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About Randy
Gone Today, Here Tomorrow: A Memoir
Canyon View Ranch
Welcome to Canyon View Ranch as seen on T.V. The Ranch has been featured on many television shows including Access Hollywood, Animal Planet, MTV and VH-1, National Geographic Explorer, HGTV, E Entertainment, and others. This video combines clips from some of these shows.
This is the one-hour special filmed at Canyon View Ranch with the owners, Randy Neece and Joe Timko. BBC produced a six-part series where two young Brits in each episode are sent to a foreign country to learn how to deal with their own dog problems at home in the U.K. In this episode, Ronnie and Holly come to the ranch to work for the week and learn how to deal with their problems at home – both with their dogs and their families. Randy and Joe also give them a behind-the-scenes look at how dogs perform on television and film, in preparation for filming their own commercial. In the end, Ronnie and Holly go home better dog owners and better people.
Where did Glee get its start? Back in 1962, The Young Americans appeared on a Bing Crosby special and it was the first time a choral group added choreography to their singing. The show choir movement was born. In 1968, I auditioned for this group and spent the next 4 years traveling the world and appearing on television shows. This is the opening number for our ABC special, which aired in March of 1970.
And now, for the next number…
Our parrot, Don Diego, will sing Old MacDonald had a Farm.
This is not dubbed. I just put the camera on a tripod and let him sing.
Near the end, I left the room and I think he was a little insulted.
A new member of Canyon View Ranch was born the other night. Meet C.J. who was born around 11pm on Tuesday, May 29, 2012. This is the first time she stands on her own two feet. Then, 24 hours later, what an amazing thing to behold as she runs/hops around the stall! Mama Lilly is from quite an impressive family as well. She’s the grand daughter of Seattle Slew. C.J. and Lilly are owned by proud parents, Tyler and Sasha Wilson. Welcome to the world, C.J.
Our friend in Lake Tahoe, Martin Hollay, turned 90 three years ago. He escaped from Hungary with his wife and daughter during the revolution and moved to Lake Tahoe in 1956. He made most of the runs on the Nevada side of Heavenly Mountain. Martin invited me to go skiing with him one morning, and I brought my camera along. I put this video together of our morning skiing together. It was shown as the finale to his birthday party with 300 guests for dinner. Martin is an inspiration to us all to live life to the fullest, stay active, and never give in to old age.
At the age of 88, Dad died on May 30, 2010. He lived a long and full life and was a great father. This is a 6-minute video of his life in pictures and home videos.
Tahoe is like a big family in a very small town, so when someone passes away, we come together to celebrate his or her life. I put this video together to show a Ted “Boz” Bozavich’s celebration of life. Every day during ski season, we stop at a special place on the mountain to let Boz know “we’re making turns for him.” We miss you Boz.
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Tag Archives: tawny frogmouth
Australian Animals for Mrs. Watson’s K/1/2/3 and “Our World, Our Numbers”
For the Our World, Our Numbers post...
Topic 5: Animals
After watching the informative video made by Mrs. Watson and her class, I wondered if I could find similar animals found in Australia. We don't have the same species of animals with one exception, Australia also has killer whales but more about them later.
For each Australian animal I show, you will see I mention one of the 16 animals Mrs. Watson's K/1/2/3's class shared. The Australian animals I share might have similar appearance, similar names, similar food or similar habitat. Some of my drawings were prepared for first time use in this post.
1. Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platypus
I don't have a photo I have taken so I prepared this drawing for you.
Class: Mammalia
Order: monotremata (egg- laying mammals)
Like the beaver, the platypus spends much of its time in rivers and streams. It doesn't build dams. Instead it lives in burrows in the banks. It has thick, water-proof fur. It's sometimes called the duck-billed platypus but its "bill" isn't like a duck's bill, its more flexible and is used to search the bottom of streams for grubs and worms. When a specimen was first sent to England, scientists thought it was a hoax made by sewing bits of different animals together.
"Weight varies considerably from 0.7 to 2.4 kg (1.5 to 5.3 lb), with males being larger than females; males average 50 cm (20 in) in total length, while females average 43 cm (17 in)." Wikipedia
Here is a link to a You Tube video of the platypus from National Geographic...
This is not my video clip.
2. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humpback_whale
Here is a drawing I prepared for another post.
Order: Cetacea
Like the beluga, the humpback is a whale. It can be seen in any of the world's oceans whereas the beluga whale is only found in Arctic waters. Beluga are toothed whales whereas humpback whales are baleen whales. A beluga mainly feeds on fish like the Pacific salmon whereas humpback whales feed on krill (like small shrimp/prawns) and schools of small fish. Visitors to my town can take trips on boats to watch humpback whales on their annual migrations along our coast.
Fully grown, the males average 13–14 m (43–46 ft). Females are slightly larger at 15–16 m (49–52 ft).
3. The Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_devil
Again, I didn't have a suitable photo. This drawing was prepared for another post.
Class:Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia (pouched mammals)
Order: Dasyuromorphia
Comparing an Australian animal to the wolverine was difficult. We don't have any large, strong natural predators in Australia but the Tasmanian devil is a carnivore. It's only the size of a small dog and can only be found in the wild in Tasmania, Australia's most southerly state.
"Males are usually larger than females, having an average head and body length of 652 mm (25.7 in), a 258 mm (10.2 in) tail and an average weight of 8 kg (18 lb). Females have an average head and body length of 570 mm (22 in), a 244 mm (9.6 in) tail and an average weight of 6 kg (13 lb)." Wikipedia
I have a You Tube clip I found on the web. You will see and hear two Tasmanian devils having an argument.
4. Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_brushtail_possum
Order: Diprotodontia
I chose to compare the brushtail possum to the raccoon because they both don't mind living in urban areas and getting any human food they can find. The one in the photo was seen on a school camp one night. It was watching to see if we would leave any food out.
The common brushtail possum has a head and body length of 32 – 58 cm (12.5in - 23in) with a tail length of 24 – 40 cm (9.5in - 15.5in). It weighs 1.2 - 4.5 kg (2.6lb - 10lb).
5. Tasmanian Tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_tiger
I don't have any photos of a Tasmanian tiger (thylacine) as it is thought to have become extinct in the 1930s. Here is a drawing I prepared.
Here is a link to a You Tube clip showing the last known thylacine.
Australia doesn't have any native cats in the wild (there are escaped domestic cats). To choose something like the cougar, I chose the marsupial Tasmanian tiger. It was a nocturnal (nighttime) animal that looked a little like a dog but it was a marsupial and the famales had pouches to carry its young. Like the cougar, the thylacine was carnivorous. It once also roamed mainland Australia with remains of one being found to be over 3,000 years old.
"The mature thylacine ranged from 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 in) long, plus a tail of around 50 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in). The largest measured specimen was 290 cm (9.5 ft) from nose to tail. Adults stood about 60 cm (24 in) at the shoulder and weighed 20 to 30 kg (40 to 70 lb)." WIkipedia
6. Little Pied Cormorant (Microcarbo melanoleucos)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_pied_cormorant
Class: Aves (birds)
Order: Suliformes
Since first seeing a photo of the puffin, I found them fascinating birds. They look a little like penguins but aren't and can fly. The little pied cormorant has similar feeding habits. It dives under the water looking for small fish or bottom-dwelling crustaceans.
It can measure 56–58 cm (22–23 in).
7. Dingo (Canus Lupus Dingo)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingo
Order: Carnivora
While Australia does have red foxes, they were only introduced to Australia in the 1800s. There were people who wanted to go fox hunting. The dingo was first thought to have been brought to Australia by Aborigines perhaps 6000 to 10,000 years ago. They are thought to be closely related to grey wolves and dingoes.
Dingoes can be 52 to 60 cm (20 to 24 in) tall at the shoulders and measure 117 to 154 cm (46 to 61 in) from nose to tail tip. The average weight is 13 to 20 kg (29 to 44 lb).
8. Black Swan (Cygnus atratus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan
It was a surprise I couldn't find a black swan in my collection of photos so I added a photo of a pair today.
Order: Anseriformes
Black swans can be 110 and 142 centimetres (43 and 56 in) in length and weigh 3.7–9 kilograms (8.2–20 lb).
Australia also has swans. The black swan is an Australian native and is part of the state of Western Australia's coast of arms and flag.
This graphic is in the public domain and was listed in Wikimedia Commons.
9. Tiger Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_quoll
Again, I don't have a tiger quoll photo in my collection so here is my attempt at drawing one.
Australia doesn't have any native cats such as the lynx but does have escaped domestic cats in the wild. I chose the quoll because it is also a carnivore. It is an endangered species. Climate change, predation and even poisoning from baiting for feral animals are some of the cause of their decline in the wild.
Quoll males weigh around 3.5 kg (7.7lb) and females around 1.8 kg (4lb).
10. Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_feral_camel
This is the scan of a 35mm slide I took near Alice Springs in Central Australia nearly 30 years ago.
Location: Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
Order: Artiodactyla
Australia doesn't have native deer or, for that matter, native camels, so white-tailed deer might only be found in zoos and on deer farms. I chose to add feral (gone wild) camels because they can be seen wandering Australia's deserts. Australia has the largest population of feral camels in the world (estimated around one million in 2009. In the early 1800s, exploring inland Australia's desert regions needed a good means of getting around. Camels were used by some explorers. In the early days of settlement, camels also provided a way goods could be taken over desert regions. They aren't used now, except for tourists as those in the photo. Road, rail and air has replaced them. They cause problems for native wildlife and cattle fencing so the numbers have to be controlled. Many are exported to the Middle East from where they once had come.
Camels can weigh 300 to 600 kg (660 to 1,300 lb).
11. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koala
Australia doesn't native bears like the grizzly bear but sometimes the koala is called the koala bear. The grizzly bear is a placental mammal whereas the koala is a marsupial mammal. The female koala (Suzie) in this photo had a joey (marsupial baby) in her pouch when this photo was taken.
The koala has a body length of 60–85 cm (24–33 in) and weighs 4–15 kg (9–33 lb)
Below is a video I had taken on one of the first times Suzie's baby looked out of her pouch. Like all marsupials, the young are born very small and have to make their way into the pouch where they remain until ready to leave the pouch.
Schools and students have permission to use this video clip for non-commercial, educational purposes.
12. Diprotodon (Diprotodon optatum)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diprotodon
This is a Wikimedia Commons graphic by Dmitry Bogdanov.
We don't have any bison native to Australia. There are feral species of water buffalo in the north but I have chosen an Australian megafauna (big animal) example.
Imagine a giant wombat taller than a human at its shoulders. They are thought to have become extinct 28,000 or more years ago. The first Aboriginal people coming to Australia probably saw them but I have only seen fossils and bones of them. It may look a little like a bear but it's a marsupial so females had a pouch for their young.
The diprotodon can be up to 3 metres (10 ft) from nose to tail, standing 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall at the shoulder and weighing up to 2,800 kilograms (6,200 lb).
13. Short-beaked Echidna or Spiny Anteater (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-beaked_Echidna
You can see why I chose to compare the porcupine with an echidna. They both have a spiny defence. With the platypus I showed as number 1, the different species of echidna and the platypus are the world's only surviving species of monotremes, i.e. egg laying mammals. The short-beaked echidna in the photo is common in most areas of Australia and I have even found one in my garden.
The short-beaked echdina can 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18 in) in length, with 75 mm (3 in) of snout, and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4.4 and 11 lb).
Below is a video clip of an echidna.
14. Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_whale
We also have orcas here in Australia's water. They are widespread throughout the world's oceans and seas. Below is a photo of an orca skeleton to be seen inside the Eden Killer Whale Museum about 20km from my town. The skeleton is of Old Tom. After you look at his photo, I will tell you why he is locally famous.
Location: Eden Whaling Museum, Eden, N.S.W., Australia
Whaling was banned in Australian in 1979. The town of Eden was once a whaling town. Whales were hunted as they made their way along our coast. It's at Eden a strange relationship began between the whalers and a pod of killer whales began. The whales began helping the whalers by herding other whales (baleen whales such as the humpback) into Twofold Bay. The killer whale thought to be the pod leader, Old Tom, would come to alert the whalers. The whalers would head out in their boats with Old Tom sometimes taking hold of a rope and towing a boat out.
Why would killer whales do this?
Killer whales naturally hunt other whales along our coastline but it can be an effort for them. Their reward was the whale tongue and lips. The whalers would use most of the whale but would throw the tongue and lips to the killer whales. The tongue and lips were favourites of the orcas. Old Tom died in 1930, his skeleton now in the Eden Killer Whale Museum. His mouth shows the wear caused by towing the boats.
Killer whale males typically range from 6 to 8 metres (20 to 26 ft) long and weigh in excess of 6 tonnes (5.9 tons). Females are smaller.
15. Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawny_Frogmouth
Australia has a number of native owl species but the snowy owl isn't one of them. I could have chosen an owl but I instead chose the tawny frogmouth. It is a bird sometimes mistaken for an owl and one I have seen while hiking.
Order: Caprimulgiformes
(Owls are in the order Strigiformes.)
Like owls, the tawny frogmouth hunts at night. Unlike owls, they catch their prey with their beaks. When scared, they will stand perfectly still with their heads pointing upwards in the hope their camouflage will protect them. While I have seen them doing this, the pictured tawny frogmouth simply opened its eyes, looked at me and didn't seem to worry I was nearby.
They can grow to 35–53 cm (14–21 in) long and can weigh up to 680 grams (1.5 lbs).
16. Red-bellied Black Snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus)
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-bellied_black_snake
Location: Wolumla, N.S.W., Australia
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Like the rattlesnake, the red-bellied black snake is poisonous. The black snake, or any other Australian snake, doesn't have a rattle in the tail. I have seen this species a number of times when hiking but it's not a very aggressive snake and generally is more interested in getting away from people.
They can grow to 1.5m to 2.0m (5ft to 6ft 9inches).
Posted in Animals, Australia and tagged black swan, common brushtail possum, dingo, diprotodon, dromedary camel, humpback whale, killer whale, koala, orca, platypus, red-bellied black snake, short beaked echidna, Tasmanian devil, Tasmanian tiger, tawny frogmouth, thylacine.Little pied cormorant, tiger quoll on March 29, 2013 by rossmannell.
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List of political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Title: List of political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Subject: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party, Political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Parishes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Collection: Lists of Political Parties by Country, Political Parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Related Lists
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Governor-General
Frederick Ballantyne
Ralph Gonsalves
House of Assembly
Speaker: H. Alexander
Recent elections
General: 2005
This article lists political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for electoral success of smaller parties.
Political parties currently represented in the House of Assembly 1
Other parties 2
Historical parties 3
Political parties currently represented in the House of Assembly
New Democratic Party (founded in 1975)[1][2] - conservative
Unity Labour Party (founded in 1994)[3] - democratic socialist
National Reform Party
People's Progressive Movement
Progressive Labour Party
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party (founded in 2005)[4] - green
United People's Movement
Historical parties
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Labour Party (1956–1994)[3] - social democratic
Movement for National Unity (–1994)[3]
People's Political Party[5]
Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
List of political parties by country
^ Vin G. Samuel (2003-04-01). The Life and Times of Dr. John Parmenas Eustace. Trafford Publishing. p. 204.
^ a b c [6]
Political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Current parties
New Democratic Party
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party
Unity Labour Party
Defunct parties
Democratic Freedom Movement
Eighth Army of Liberation
Mitchell/Sylvester Faction
Movement for National Unity
People's Liberation Movement
People's Political Party
People's Working Party
Saint Vincent Labour Party
West Indies National Party
Portal:Politics
List of political parties
List of political parties in the Americas
Lists of political parties by country
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-related lists
Green politics, Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Politics, Political spectrum
Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Politics, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Elizabeth II, Parishes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Parishes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Politics, Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Elizabeth II, North America
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I get puns.
But seriously, the New York Islanders made the first move in the coaching shuffle by firing Scott Gordon. Granted, it's more of a "relief of duties" as Gordon will be an adviser to GM Garth Snow, which means he's just behind Kevin "E" Connolly in that department. Jack Capuano was named interim coach, but Snow wouldn't commit to Capuano for the long-term.
Many fans of the Islanders are question why they are still fans of the team. In fact, Satellite Radio's Gregg "Opie" Hughes of the amazing "Opie and Anthony" radio show pinned most of the blame on the goaltending tandem of Dwayne Roloson and Rick DiPietro:
And Mr. Hughes has a point, that both Roloson and DiPietro aren't the most desirable tandem, maybe they should have had the three-headed-monster with re-signing Marty Biron-- not like they didn't have the cap space, that's for sure. To Roloson's defense, he is 17th in save percentage, mostly due to be barraged with shots.
The team itself has a lot of decent young talent, but normally, you don't have them on the ice at the same time. Usually, you have some decent veteran presence along to teach these guys. Sure, Doug Weight is a nice veteran, but you want to have someone to be able to play alongside of them and not just be the player/coach kind of role. You can have all the great young talent in the world, but you don't have someone there to aid them, it's not going to work out in the short-term.
Of course, injuries play their part, as Mark Streit and Kyle Okposo got injured in the pre-season and that may have helped a little bit, but don't know if it would have been able to completely reverse the woes that the Islanders have had.
Even with all these things, how much does the franchise expect out of Gordon or any coach for that matter?? It's kind of hard to expect the world out of this team when there's so much room for improvement. Even Islanders great Al Arbour may have an issue coaching this team and trying to get them back on the winning track. When you have James Wisniewski as your top scorer....it's a little hard to swallow. Luckily, the goal-scorers are still John Tavares and Matt Moulson, who have six apiece, but it doesn't help the rest of the team has 25 more in 17 games. Only the Maple Leafs and Devils have less goals for than the Islanders so far.
Granted, Long Island isn't the most sought after place to be-- not just because of the arena, but they are in a rough division and are already at a disadvantage; thus going into a bad situation probably won't attract the free agents. Maybe during the 1980s years, sure-- but now, it's like a death sentence. But what can you say about it all, Charles Wang thinks he has everything going the way he wants to and for a second, he did when the Isles squeaked into the playoffs a few seasons back. However, since then-- it's been downhill and rumors are about as to what's next for the franchise in Uniondale.
Larry Brooks has suggested that the team move to Queens, while many say that teaming up with the New Jersey Nets and be like Colin Quinn and go to Brooklyn. Many have thought that the Kansas City option could be there if push came to shove. This is all depended upon what happens with the new arena possibility on Long Island, of course, and the Isles have some years left on their lease at Nassau Coliseum; so we can't put the cart in front of the horse.
The end game now is whether or not Capuano can turn the ship around. If he can't-- what's the next step?? Do they actually make moves that'll benefit the team or do they stay with the status quo and hope that they can have a revolving door of coaches and maybe one will stick. Have to wonder if Ted Nolan could have better with this team if he stayed around.
Now, it's just a wait and see game. It's now up to the players to respond or risk their own gigs in the organization. If they can actually do better-- then it was the right decision. If they stay the same; well....expect this to be going around for some time now when it comes to the Long Islanders.
Labels: Coaching Changes, New York Islanders, NHL Relocation, Rick DiPietro
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Home / Featured / Going for it on Fourth: Heisman race beginning to heat up
Going for it on Fourth: Heisman race beginning to heat up
There are only a few weeks remaining until the end of the college football season, and next month could turn out to be better than what we’ve already experienced. But there’s still a lot to be decided, including the Heisman race and playoff rankings.
The Heisman door has been opened
Up until last week, LSU running back Leonard Fournette’s name was already printed on the nameplate of the Heisman trophy. But after an abysmal 31-yard performance against Alabama, is he still the favorite to make the trip to New York City? No, another running back has surpassed him for now.
Derrick Henry has overtaken Fournette as the favorite after going for 210 yards against one of the best rushing defenses in the country. Henry has also scored a touchdown on the ground in all nine of his games.
But who else is in the race? Well, there’s a 5-foot-11 wide receiver who is lighting up Big 12 defenses, and his name is Corey Coleman. Coleman, like Henry, has scored in every game this season. He’s dangerous as a deep threat every time the ball is snapped, and he did not miss a beat when he lost his starting quarterback Seth Russell. True freshman Jarrett Stidham had to step in, but Baylor‘s offense kept rolling. Last week, Coleman went for 11 receptions, 216 yards and two touchdowns with Stidham under center.
Even with Fournette and TCU quarterback Trevone Boykin both having terrible performances last week, they are still in search for that illustrious bronze statue. It’s still possible either of them could win the award, but they’ll have to play lights out in their next couple of games. For now, Henry is the favorite. If he were to win, he would be the second Crimson Tide running back to ever reach such an accomplishment.
Who has a chance?
As we are nearing the end of this college football season, there is a common theme: Don’t change the channel until the clock hits triple zeros. Just ask Michigan, Florida State and Duke. So why would the college football rankings be any different?
It will come down to the final week and we will have more teams throw their arms up in despair because of the final outcome. But before we get to that point, let’s take a look at who I think are the top four teams going into this week and who else has a chance to make some noise.
My top four:
Teams with a chance: Ohio State, Iowa, Baylor, Stanford, LSU, Utah, Florida and Oklahoma.
Upset Alert: No. 14 Michigan at Indiana
The Hoosiers are looking for their first conference win, and thinking that it will come against the Wolverines and the best defense in the nation. Crazy, right? Of course.
Indiana has one of the best offensive attacks in the country with quarterback Nate Sudfeld, running back Jordan Howard and a talented offensive line. They have one of the most balanced, fast-paced offenses in the nation, similar to what Baylor does but just not as successful.
The Hoosiers also might be playing for their coach’s job. Making it to a bowl game would be a first for head coach Kevin Wilson during his stay in Bloomington. It has been tough for Wilson in large part to the division Indiana plays in, the Big Ten East. Their last two games against Maryland and Purdue are more winnable than the one this Saturday, but they’ll improve their chances of getting to a bowl game if they defeat the Wolverines.
Michigan comes into this one with some hope they have a chance to make it to the Big Ten title game. If Ohio State beats Michigan State next week, and the Maize and Blue win out, then Jim Harbaugh will take his team to Indianapolis in his first season as head coach. Their offense will go up against one of the worst defenses, in Indiana, but they’ll have to score a lot if the Hoosiers’ offense gets rolling.
I think Indiana will get off to a hot start on senior day, and upset Michigan en route to one of the biggest wins in program history.
Game of the Week: No. 12 Oklahoma at No. 6 Baylor
Headlines Going in: Many believe Baylor has been disrespected in the first two playoff committee rankings, and Oklahoma might be getting hot at the right time.
To be fair, Baylor is only ranked sixth because they haven’t played anyone. They have their chance to improve their ranking starting this weekend, and they will continue to go with freshman quarterback Jarrett Stidham, who is filling in for the injured Seth Russell. Stidham impressed in his first start, throwing three touchdown passes, including two to Heisman candidate wide receiver Corey Coleman.
Since the loss in the Cotton Bowl to Texas, the Sooners have scored over 50 points in four straight games. And they aren’t just doing it on offense, but on defense as well. Over the last four games, they’ve given up less than 13 points per contest.
What it will come down to: Which defense can make a stop with two high-powered offenses taking the field this weekend? Even though most of the defenses in the Big 12 are a joke, and can’t stop anyone, these two are the best in the conference. The Sooners are little better defensively, but Baylor has improved from past seasons.
Oklahoma’s defense has been putting pressure on opposing quarterbacks a lot this season, and is second in the country in sacks with 34. Eric Striker and Dominique Alexander are the leaders on the Sooners’ defense. Striker has 11.5 tackles for a loss and seven sacks on the season, while Alexander leads the team with 76 tackles.
Stidham and his offensive line will need to make sure they are prepared for Mark Stoops’ defense. I think the Sooners will get more stops in this one, and they’ll be in the driver seat of the Big 12 after Saturday.
Prediction: Oklahoma 45, Baylor 42
AlabamaBaylorClemsonDukeFeaturedFloridaFlorida StateHeisman TrophyIndianaIowaLSUMichiganNotre DameOhio StateOKLAHOMAStanfordUtah
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WR Kamar Aiken - Free Agent
6-2, 212 Born: 5-30-1989 College: Central Florida Drafted: ---
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SOTU Sneak Peek: a very Washington week
Obamacare has been the talk of Washington as House Republicans attack the law’s implementation and Obama plays defense, and the “not guilty” verdict in the George Zimmerman trial has inflamed civil rights activists and brought controversial “stand your ground” laws into the national spotlight. John McCain will be joining Candy Crowley on Sunday to talk immigration reform, Syria, Snowden, and sexual assault in the military. With developments toward civility in the Senate, a newsmaking interview with Joe Biden, and a potential move for trapped NSA leaker Edward Snowden, there will be no shortage of news to discuss on this Sunday’s State of the Union with Candy Crowley.
Sen. John McCain on SOTU: The veteran Senator has been a leading voice on immigration reform and foreign policy, but he is also known for bipartisan compromise which was apparent this week when McCain worked with Majority Leader Harry Reid to avert the “nuclear option” change in Senate filibuster rules. McCain made a trip to Afghanistan on the Fourth of July and is a key member of the Senate Armed Services committee, placing him in a strong position to discuss the drawdown of troops and new developments towards deterring sexual assaults in the military. CNN has learned that the Navy and Marine Corps will begin posting their own lists of sex offenders to further discourage assaults.
McCain will talk with Candy Crowley about all this and more this Sunday on State of the Union.
Obstacles in Obamacare implementation: The Affordable Care Act is law, but implementing it has been a struggle for the President and the law’s supporters. On Wednesday, the Republican-dominated House passed two bills delaying requirements that employers provide health insurance and that individuals sign up for coverage, both essential pieces of the Obamacare puzzle. Though Republicans know that neither delay bill is likely to become law, they persisted in adding them to their list of more than 40 attempts to repeal or minimize Obamacare in hopes of tripping up Democrats in midterm elections.
Obama, however, gave a speech on Thursday morning in support of the health care law and highlighted the benefits people are already seeing. The President didn’t end without acknowledging his attackers, “I recognize that there are still a lot of folks – in this town, at least – who are rooting for this law to fail,” Obama said, “If the folks who have been trying to make political hay out of this thing, if they had some better ideas, I've already told them I'm happy to hear them. But I haven't heard any so far.”
State of the Union will be ready to analyze the mounting tensions surrounding Obamacare on Sunday.
Zimmerman: Not guilty, but not over: Although the George Zimmerman trial ended last week, the shockwaves of the “not guilty” verdict continue to resonate as thousands rioted and protested nationwide this week. On Thursday morning Trayvon Martin’s parents spoke out for the first time since the trial, and his mother, Sybrina Fulton, expressed “shock” and “disgust” at the verdict. Juror B37 spoke exclusively with CNN on Monday and said "I think all of us thought race did not play a role," but both the NAACP and the Martin family are pushing for civil rights charges to be brought by the Justice Department. “Stand Your Ground” laws are also receiving heavy criticism in the wake of the trial with Attorney General Eric Holder claiming the laws “senselessly expand the concept of self-defense and sow dangerous conflict in our neighborhoods" in a meeting with the NAACP on Tuesday.
We will address the impact of the controversial case this Sunday at 9am ET.
In other news: Vice President Joe Biden said in a GQ interview published Thursday that he could “die a happy man” without ever being President, “but it doesn’t mean I won’t run.” Most of his party’s 2016 speculations have centered on Hillary Clinton, but Biden is still a contender.
Edward Snowden’s lawyer said on Wednesday that the notorious NSA leaker will likely leave the Russian airport in the next few days, but gave no word on where his next stop would be. As Snowden hides out in Moscow, top security officials are gathering in Colorado this week at the Aspen Security forum to discuss NSA snooping programs and the dangers Snowden may have caused by revealing them.
Post by: State of the Union Intern Laura Lindsay Tatum
Filed under: Sneak Peek
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Carlos Ezquerra is still The Man
There have been dozens and dozens of artists who have worked on the Judge Dredd comic over the past 38 years, and the strip is highly unusual in having a number of definitive Dredd artists with wildly varying styles – a Bolland Dredd is just as iconic as a McMahon or Smith or McCarthy or Hairsine Dredd.
But there is still one artist who stands above all as the one, true Dredd artist. Right from the start, he's been the man they call in for the big, epic storylines, and the man they can always rely on to deliver the strange day-to-day life of Mega City One like no other.
Nearly 40 years after he co-created Judge Dredd, Carlos Ezquerra is still The Man.
Ezquerra was part of a great wave of Spanish artists who flooded into the British comic market in the 1970s, where they pumped out a huge amount of pages for UK publishers, who were only too happy to take advantage of the cheap labour.
A lot of that art was just average enough to be forgettable, but there was also some incredible talent shining through, and Carlos Ezquerra soon made his mark in the British war comics. Even before they put the credits on the stories, you could never mistake the craggy beauty of an Ezquerra page for anybody else, with the consistency and vitality of a great comic artist. His figure-work could get a little rigid, but his storytelling was silky smooth, and things could get all wonderfully shaky when the bullets started flying.
No wonder they got him in to design Judge Dredd when 2000ad launched in 1977. Even though co-creator John Wagner was after a sleeker, meaner look, Ezquerra piled on improbably design elements, including a big gold badge on the character’s chest and a giant bloody eagle on his shoulder – and it somehow worked. Dredd's design is immortal because it doesn't look like anything in the real world, and remains almost totally unchanged, all these years later.
Just as crucially, he created the actual look of Mega-City One. Originally envisioned as a near future New York, Ezquerra created an awesomely futuristic cityscape that forced the writers to send things another hundred years in the future. No Ezquerra, no Mega-City One, and everybody knows the main character of the Judge Dredd comic is the city itself, and it's all thanks to Carlos.
Despite all his work, the first actual published Dredd story didn't feature Ezquerra at all, with Mike McMahon doing his best to emulate the Spanish artist. Ezquerra rightfully took offense and refused to have anything to do with the character for years after that, but eventually softened. And that worked out well for everybody, because he went on to draw some of the greatest Dredd stories ever.
He drew decades of great Dredd comics, and his work was always consistently satisfying. Even with those weird little bumps he'd put around characters' outlines, a Ezquerra Dredd was always a terrific Dredd. He would disappear for years, and then do months of comics in a row, blowing up the city he created several times over, or doing some intimate epic about life in a Sector House.
All those years, and his work was always so recognisable. It still evolved - figurework becoming rounder and fuller, while his Dredd just got harder and harder, with a face that never, ever cracks.
Ezquerra was also busy experimenting with colour, trying out new technologies with glee. This saw some unfortunate results in the 1990s, with tones that had all the charm of garish mud, but then he got the hang of it, bringing a new shine to his work that gives it even more heft and weight.
Because that's what Ezquerra does best – he is always the master of bringing power to the comics page. He can could make a man striding down a corridor into a huge dramatic moment, he could craft huge action scenes that were grounded in reality and he captured Dredd's superhuman senses of will, honour and duty like no other.
Creating something like Dredd is a great achievement that would be enough for some artists, but Ezquerra also co-created – and still draws - the other great 2000ad character: Johnny Alpha, the Strontium Dog.
Alpha is just as hard as Dredd, but is also more human, even if he is an intergalactic bounty hunter. He will kill any scum that crosses his path, but he's also a good mate, somebody who has your back, somebody you can have beer with. A noble fighter, who would break the rules to bring justice, and Ezquerra captured it all, with a more haunted action hero.
And somehow, Ezquerra created the most bizarre outfit for Alpha, with a rounded helmet and massive pads, all in bright greens and yellows, and it is just weird enough to be just as eternal as Dredd's outfit. We can see this even now, because Ezquerra is still drawing the ongoing adventures of Johnny Alpha, recently completing the terrific and fun 'Stix Fix' storyline in 2000ad. Nobody does Johnny Alpha better.
Outside these two big characters, Ezquerra has always been keen to try something new, from the Mafia pregnancy silliness of Al's Baby to the space age shenanigans of the Stainless Steel Rat. He's happily imported the Major Ezy character from his Battle days into Dredd's world with Cursed Earth Koburn, and wasn't afraid to get a bit political with the launch of Third World War, written by Pat Mills, for the Crisis bi-weekly title in the late eighties.
The artist has stuck with writers he explicitly trusts, and rarely does anything for 2000ad that isn't written by John Wagner or Alan Grant, and has also had a lot of fun with Garth Ennis' scripts. There he could do comedy nonsense like the Rifle Brigade, or the odd deeply serious and deeply affecting war story, like the brilliant Condors, a tale of humanity in the Spanish Civil War, which Ezquerra took personally and still ranks as one of the best things he has ever done.
Ezquerra has spent the past few years bouncing between Strontium Dog and Judge Dredd, and even after all this time, and after thousands and thousands of pages of comics, an Ezquerra strip is an absolute delight, and always welcome. He's still massively under-rated, so a recent award for his incredible life-long career was more than overdue.
He suffered a health scare a few years ago, but has vowed to keep working until they put him in the grave with his pen. Hopefully, that day is still some long way off. He's given us thousands of pages of great comics, but we could always use a few more Ezquerra comics.
Louis XIV, the Sun King (Nick Jones) said...
What a lovely appreciation of Ezquerra. I remember puzzling over those bumpy outlines when I read 2000 AD as a kid; they always seemed so weird and unnecessary. Now I look at them and they're just another aspect of Ezquerra's idiosyncratic genius.
I'd put Condors in my top ten comics for its sheer power. The story's a bit overly schematic but the build of the story and the visceral art and colouring make it really compelling stuff and the Spanish Civil War is a fascinating bit of often forgotten history.
Conversely I'm currently reading Al's Baby and really appreciating Ezquerra's wonderful cartooning. He really is a fantastically versatile artist...
Also, fun fact, as someone once pointed out Johnny Alpha is pretty much the only comics 'hero' with dark curly hair!
Everything is wonderfully pointless: Who's Who and...
Fables: An unexpected journey
Where all the strange ones go
Doctor Who: On the beach with New Adventures
Please stand by..
Please stand by...
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Hebrew » התפתחויות חדשות
אטלס ירושלים
התפתחויות חדשות
מצגות מפות פרסומים
28/11/2016 Back To List
Turning Jeruasalem Palestinians into “Human Shields” Against Outpost Evacuations
Against the backdrop of the pending evacuation of the illegal West Bank outpost of Amona, Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat earlier this month threatened that such a precedent would require him to demolish “thousands” of Palestinian homes in East Jerusalem - homes purportedly built on lands that were owned by Jews prior to 1948. On November 17th, Barkat upped the ante on that threat, when the Jerusalem Municipality announced plans for the immediate demotion of 14 buildings in the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Beit Hanina, home to some 40 families.
Barkat’s claim that thousands of such properties could be demolished based on this pretext is patently false, as a new OCHA report (discussed below) reveals. However, regardless of the actual numbers of homes involved, the danger is clearly real. And equally clear is the fact that the analogy drawn by Barkat between the evacuation of an illegal West Bank settler outpost and the destruction of Palestinian homes in Jerusalem is disingenuous and misleading. It draws a false parallel between the actions of the occupier – those who have all the power in making laws that work to the advantage of its own citizens; and the occupied – those living under a system designed to subordinate their rights and interests to promote the interests of the occupier and its citizens.
This is not the first time that Barkat has used the threat of carrying out retribution against Palestinian residents of Jerusalem in order to position himself as the hero and protector of the settlers. For a decade, Barkat has refused to carry out a Supreme Court verdict compelling him to evacuate and seal the illegally built settler complex, Beit Yehonatan, in Silwan. In failing to carry out this verdict, he has defied direct orders of the Attorney General, and he went so far as to fire the previous municipal Legal Adviser (who insisted the Court verdict be implemented). Barkat has “justified” his inaction on Beit Yehonatan by arguing that, were he to carry out the law with respect to this illegally-built settler complex, he would also be compelled to undertake massive demolitions of illegally-built Palestinian homes – bearing in mind that for decades it has been extremely difficult, and in some areas virtually impossible, for Palestinians to obtain permits to build legally on their own and in Jerusalem. It is also worth bearing in mind that Barkat is already demolishing Palestinian homes in Jerusalem at a pace and scale we have not witnessed since 1967.
Those who care about Jerusalem should keep a sharp eye on this matter. Barkat is no mere a bystander or grandstander. He not only has the authority to instruct his legal adviser to indict Palestinians for illegal construction (as has already started, pursuant to these latest threats), but he also has the direct authority to hand down demolitions orders and see them carried out.
The fact that someone with such powerful prosecutorial and judicial powers repeatedly threatens to use them to protect the illegal actions of settlers is an abuse of power of staggering proportions. Against the backdrop of Barkat’s campaign to be elected by the Likud to a senior ministerial position, no one should be surprised by these threats, and nobody should let down their guard. As evidenced by these latest demolition orders, there is a serious chance that Barkat will move to make good on them – turning the office of the Mayor of Jerusalem into, in effect, the headquarters of what will now be an official, government arm of the “price tag” movement.
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Wargaming has been done recreationally for centuries. The modern incarnation of wargaming dates back to the founding of The Avalon Hill Game Company in 1958; commercial board wargaming at the tactical level (see the FAQ link above if unclear on the definition of "tactical") began in 1969 with the publication of Tac Game 3, the forerunner of PanzerBlitz. The early tactical level board games struggled to give expression to what miniatures players had been doing for decades in their own depictions of "modern" ground combat. Squad Leader came along in 1977 and bridged a gap between the two, with blatant appeals in print ads to miniatures fans while also beckoning to the beer & pretzels board gaming crowd.
In the 1980s, personal computers and video game consoles both arrived on the scene, competing for hobby dollars, and there was even the occasional role playing game title devoted to modern military combat. Several PC titles vied for the status of being "Squad Leader for the computer", beginning with Avalon Hill's own Under Fire! No title succeeded; some died off quietly, others carried on in their own way and forged successful series, some of which have concluded now.
And in the 21st Century, we see not only strange hybrids of board and computer gaming - with purpose built PC games emulating hexes and dice, but also java applications allowing online play of cardboard favourites - but an actual resurgence of board games and even miniatures.
As developers, third party publishers, and fans sink their teeth into creating and devouring new offerings, it may be wise at some points to stop and reflect on the rich historical tapestry that has become the commercial tactical wargaming community. Many titles are now permanently out of print and in danger of being forgotten altogether.
The purpose of this website will be to share some pertinent information regarding the history of commercial wargaming, with a focus on tactical level gaming, with 20th Century or "modern" subjects. The emphasis is further on true tactical gaming - first person shooters, for example, or pong-like games can probably be discounted. The webmaster's main interest is in boardgames and PC titles but is willing to collect and share data on miniatures, RPGs and console games if others are willing to do the same. Links to the other excellent sources already out there - sites such as grognard.com, boardgamegeek.com and videogamegeek - are provided where relevant. There is no desire to duplicate the outstanding work of these two reference sites; rather, a different and fresh perspective can hopefully be afforded. Hopefully readers will feel the same.
© tacticalwargamer.com 2008-present email: The Tactical Wargamer
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Treason FRONTLINE Ninez Cacho-Olivares 04/28/2012
The Noynoy government and the Muslim secessionist group’s Points on Principles recently forged by the parties shows the Noynoy’s government agreement to establish a Bangsamoro independent substate to be governed by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).
That the Muslim substate will eventually become an independent Muslim state, can easily be gleaned by the agreement, even if thinly disguised by both parties as the entity being a part of the Republic.
As stated in the agreement, the principles stated is “preliminary” and does not contain all points so far agreed upon and does not preclude future agreements on other key points.”.... MORE
Missing out on a golden chance EDITORIAL 04/28/2012
Missing out on a golden chance
Noynoy missed out again on a golden opportunity to portray himself as a champion of the farmers and the landless due to his continued strange silence over the Supreme Court’s final decision for the distribution to the farmers of some 4,000 hectares of Hacienda Luisita land as well as compensating the hacienda owners based on land values pegged at 1989 prices.
While it cannot be denied that the Aquino-Cojuangco clan lost the case, as the family not only wanted to retain the status quo, i.e., keep the stock distribution option status and, after the loss of the land, be compensated at a P5 to 10 billion cost, Noynoy and his image makers could have turned the situation to his advantage — had he no only accepted with grace the decision to parcel out the hacienda and hail the court’s decision, but also for him to have directed his agrarian agency to speed up the distribution of the farmland to the workers, thus bowing to the majesty of the law.
Instead, Noynoy’s continued silence on the decision of the high court created for himself an image of a sulking hacienda owner who is not only a poor loser but also one who refuses to bow to the law — as interpreted by the highest court in the land..... MORE
Stallman: CISPA 'nearly abolishes' the right not to be unreasonably searched
Controversial online security bill CISPA is two steps away from becoming a law. Software freedom activist Richard Stallman says Internet users should beware, as the government is a much bigger threat than any individual hacker.
“What CISPA says as passed by the House of Representatives is any ISP, any website, any company that has some of your data in it can voluntarily hand it over to the government for a wide range of reasons,” and it's up to the government to interpret it however they see fit, the father of the free software philosophy explained.
“So if they see the slightest bit that they think is odd in your email, they can hand it over to the government. And if the government says it has something to do with national security – it is very easy to say that, whether it’s true or not – then the government can study it for any purpose. This nearly abolishes people’s right not to be unreasonably searched.”.... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/news/stallman-cispa-human-rights-abuse-174/
Satellite images show activity at N. Korea nuclear site
Satellite imagery reveals an escalation in activity at North Korea’s Punggye-ri atomic site in possible preparation for a third nuclear test, experts say. However, there is no clear indication from the photos when the test may occur.
The images from a US-based website highlight a chain of mining carts on piles of excavated soil. This coincides with South Korean intelligence reports at the beginning of April claiming that the North was digging a new tunnel at the Punggye-ri for the purposes of a covert nuclear test.
The US-Korea Institute at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies analyzed the photos taken between March 8 and April 18 by a private satellite operator. The most recent images suggest that 8,000 cubic meters of rubble have been excavated at Punggye-ri. North Korea carried out two atomic bomb tests at the site in 2006 and 2009..... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/news/north-korea-photo-nuclear-test-188/
Police vs Protester: Feds sending armed agents to Chicago three weeks before NATO Summit
May's NATO summit in Chicago is still weeks away, but residents of the Windy City can expect to see armed federal agents patrolling the streets in preparation much sooner than that.
Three weeks before international heads of state will converge in Chicago, Illinois for the annual NATO conference, the US Federal Protective Service will send armed officers into the city’s downtown district to prepare for the swarm of protesters expected to arrive in time for the event, slated for May 20 and 21.
Both the NATO and G-8 summits were initially scheduled to occur back-to-back in the major Midwest city, but the meeting between the world’s eight leading economies has since been relocated to Camp David, the fortified presidential retreat in Maryland used as a getaway destination for many of America’s past commanders-in-chief. As of now, however, the NATO summit will take place in Chicago and, citing concerns over how demonstrators may respond, law enforcement is being called in early to size up the city..... MORE
URL: http://rt.com/usa/news/agents-chicago-nato-federal-161/
Police fired live bullets during clash in Parañaque City’s Silverio compound
MANILA – Outside the emergency room of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), Buddy Padil, 37, silently sat. He is the uncle of Iris Isaias, 18, who sustained a gunshot wound during the demolition at Silverio compound in Parañaque City on April 23.
A bullet pierced Iris’ calf. “The bullet went through it. The bulet shattered the area of the bone it hit and the doctor said that they need to put metal on it,” Padil said.
Iris was first brought to Ospital ng Muntinlupa but the hospital was not equipped to treat her wounds. She was transferred to the PGH.
“She was only standing outside the compound when she suddenly noticed that the people were already carrying her, shouting. It was only then that realized that she was hit,” Padil said, “These days we would always catch her staring at nothing. She might still be in a state of shock.”
On April 25, Iris went through an operation. Padil said that Isaias’ father, Danilo, a carpenter, is at a loss as to where they would get money to pay for the operation. Doctors told them that the metal that would be placed in Isaias’ left calf costs US$1,465.
The number of residents with gunshot wounds remains undetermined as documentation is still on going. Iris and the other injured residents belied earlier claims that the policemen used blank and/or rubber bullets.
Shooting at bystanders
Also at the PGH was Angelo Lipata, 21. Angelo could hardly hear the questions asked to him as a bullet is stuck in his left ear drum. He was told by his doctors to go home for the time being, citing that they could not operate and remove the bullet until the wound is healed.
During the demolition, Angelo was watching videos of the then ongoing conflict between the Silverio compound residents who were defending their homes and the police. The videos had been quickly uploaded on YouTube by alternative media group Tudla Productions. After watching them, he decided to go out and see for himself what was happening outside. He went and stood next to the barricade when the police began to fire indiscriminately at the residents, who ran for their lives..... MORE
URL: http://bulatlat.com/main/2012/04/28/police-fired-live-bullets-during-clash-in-paranaque-citys-silverio-compound/
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with RP By Michaela P. del Callar and Angie M. Rosales 04/28/2012
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with RP
By Michaela P. del Callar and Angie M. Rosales 04/28/2012
China announced yesterday that its military will now join its maritime authorities in protecting its claim over a shoal within Manila’s territorial jurisdiction as tensions between the Philippines and China showed no sign of letting up nearly three weeks after a dangerous naval standoff began.
China’s statement, one of its most provocative yet, was made three days after declaring that it is not escalating the situation in the area and that it is committed to settle the standoff through friendly diplomatic consultations.
“Chinese armed forces will closely work with fishery and maritime supervision agencies to jointly safeguard national marine rights and interests,” Defense Ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng said in a statement posted on Beijing’s government web portal..... MORE
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave insult to farmers, says KMP By Charlie V. Manalo 04/28/2012
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave insult to farmers, says KMP
A militant farmers’ group has branded as “grave insult” to the farm workers’ struggle the Cojuangco family’s claim that the distribution of Hacienda Luisita to its farmer-beneficiaries as a “glowing legacy” of the late President Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco-Aquino.
“Only two days after the Supreme Court ruling, the Cojuangco-Aquinos are already maneuvering to distort the historical facts,” the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) yesterday said in a statement in reaction to the claims of Antonio Ligon, counsel for Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI), who claimed that the late President “made decisive moves to place Hacienda Luisita in the 1980s under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) although the preference of farmer-beneficiaries for stock distribution option (SDO) prevailed in at least three referendums over land distribution.”.... MORE
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard work to be done By Michaela P. del Callar 04/28/2012
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard work to be done
The United Kingdom, a key player in the Mindanao peace process, yesterday welcomed the breakthrough in the negotiations between the Philippine government and Muslim rebels as a sign that a final peace agreement may be forged soon.
British Ambassador to the Philippines Stephen Lillie admitted “there is still a lot of hard work to be done to reach a final agreement in Mindanao,” but the leap forward in the talks between the two sides indicates that the signing of a final accord is “possible.”
On Tuesday, the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the country’s largest Muslim rebel group, signed a 10-point agreement, outlining key elements they have agreed on, such as the creation of a political body in place of the existing Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)..... MORE
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control 04/28/2012
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control
Mid-size Export Import Bank was placed under government control after declaring a bank holiday yesterday after it admitted that it cannot service its liabilities with depositors and creditors.
The bank was hoping for a rescue from the country’s biggest lender Bando de Oro Universal Bank owned by the group of businessman Henry Sy but negotiations fell through yesterday forcing the bank to declare a bank holiday.
The bank wrote the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) admitting that it does not have sufficient assets to meet its obligations and unable to continue operations without incurring losses to depositors and creditors..... MORE
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs 04/28/2012
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs
An ordinance has been signed into law which prohibits any person or business establishment in Quezon City from charging any fee to senior citizens, persons with disabilities (PWDs) and expectant mothers for the use of restrooms or comfort rooms (CRs).
The Tribune was told that Mayor Herbert “Bistek” Bautista approved the measure which was authored by Councilors Alexis Herrera and Alfredo Vargas III.
Under the new ordinance, a fine of P5,000 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, or both, at the discretion of the court shall be imposed on any person or business establishment owner who will violate the ordinance..... MORE
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipino consumers 04/28/2012 As the United States scrambled on Wednesday to contain the fallout from the discovery of mad-cow disease in California, the Aquino administration through the Department of Agriculture (DA) announced that it would continue to import meat from the US. Bayan Muna Rep. Teddy Casiño pointed out to do so is very risky and the government is toying with the health and lives of Filipino consumers. “South Korean retailers already suspended sale of US beef, saying they would wait to see what action the government takes,” Casiño said. “But is Malacañang waiting for someone to be infected here before it will take action?”
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipino consumers
As the United States scrambled on Wednesday to contain the fallout from the discovery of mad-cow disease in California, the Aquino administration through the Department of Agriculture (DA) announced that it would continue to import meat from the US.
Bayan Muna Rep. Teddy Casiño pointed out to do so is very risky and the government is toying with the health and lives of Filipino consumers.
“South Korean retailers already suspended sale of US beef, saying they would wait to see what action the government takes,” Casiño said. “But is Malacañang waiting for someone to be infected here before it will take action?”.... MORE
Treason FRONTLINE Ninez Cacho-Olivares 04/28/2012...
Missing out on a golden chance EDITORIAL 04/28/2...
Stallman: CISPA 'nearly abolishes' the right not t...
Satellite images show activity at N. Korea nuclear...
Police vs Protester: Feds sending armed agents to ...
Police fired live bullets during clash in Parañaqu...
China involves military in Scarborough tiff with R...
HLI statement on ‘Cory’s glowing legacy’ a grave i...
UK: M’nao peace accord ‘possible’ but more hard wo...
Export Bank collapses; BSP takes over control 04/...
Use of CRs in QC now free for elderly, PWDs 04/28...
Gov’t hit for toying with health, lives of Filipin...
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MLS Soccer Updates
Posted by Bloguin on Sep 3, 2016 20:44
With the MLS passing the midway point of the season, fans are starting to look towards the future. With Atlanta United FC already slated to join MLS during the next season, they will be joined by Minnesota FC.
With the current 20 teams being split evenly into the Eastern and Western Conference, look for Atlanta to become a part of the Eastern Conference while Minnesota will become a part of the Western Conference when the season kicks off in 2017. With two new squads set to compete next season, and the opportunity to make future bets at online sportsbooks, let’s take a closer look at both teams, with some analysis as well.
While the official announcement was made in April, 2014, MLS officials and the team management led by Arthur Blank (current owner of the NFL Atlanta Falcons) chose to wait for a new venue was fully functional before they commenced play. The new stadium will be shared with the Falcons, and is a technical marvel. When the Falcons play, the stadium will have a capacity of 71,000 fans. But in order to meet the requirements of a soccer-specific facility, the stadium will contract to hold a capacity of 29,322 fans. Weather should not pose an issue, since the roof is fully retractable. While they have yet to hire a manager, Atlanta has already tapped former U.S. international Carlos Bocanegra as their technical director. With an academy system already in place, Atlanta would appear to be well-positioned to compete in MLS in 2017.
Minnesota FCIn 2009, the Minnesota Thunder were on the verge of financial collapse after the owner at the time, Dean Johnson, abandoned the club with an empty bank account. The few remaining employees fronted the travel costs from their personal credit cards in order to keep the team afloat. Fast forward to 2017, and Minnesota will be joining the ranks of 21 other teams in MLS after a 40-year state history. With the team currently playing in the NASL under the name Minnesota United FC, they will be playing in the Western Conference of MLS next season. While they do not yet have a soccer-specific stadium at their disposal, they have submitted plans to the St. Paul City Council for a $150 million soccer-specific stadium in St. Paul and are awaiting approval. With principal owner Bill McGuire the former CEO of UnitedHealth Group providing financial resources and solid management techniques, this team can focus on exceling on the pitch. There will be work to be done from management to field a quality team next season. But in the eyes of their supporter group, the Dark Clouds, after a 40-year wait, they’re more than ready for the 2017 season to commence. It’s hard to predict how the addition of the expansion teams will impact MLS play, as far as the finish shakes out. But it’s clear that adding the two teams will be a solid financial boost, and that the MLS is looking to maximize revenue and deliver high-qualtiy football highlights to a a passionate fan base.
Summary:It’s hard to predict how the addition of the expansion teams will impact MLS play, as far as the finish shakes out. But it’s clear that adding the two teams will be a solid financial boost, and that the MLS is looking to maximize revenue and deliver high-qualtiy football highlights to a a passionate fan base.
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Watch Vin Scully call Jimmy Kimmel’s softball home runThe Sports Daily
And Introducing John Stamos as Brock HoltHall of Very Good
Six NFL teams facing must-win games in Week 6The Sports Daily
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H.R. 1074—A bill to amend the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to expand coverage under the Act, to increase protections for whistleblowers, to increase penalties for high gravity violations, to adjust penalties for inflation, to provide rights for victims or their family members, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Education and Labor.
By Mr. COURTNEY (for himself, Mr. Scott of Virginia, Ms. Adams, Ms. Bonamici, Mr. Garamendi, Mr. DeSaulnier, Ms. Wilson of Florida, Mr. Takano, Mr. Grijalva, Mr. Espaillat, Mr. Sablan, Mr. Norcross, Mr. Levin of Michigan, Ms. Omar, Mr. Morelle, Ms. Wild, Mr. Nadler, Mr. Pallone, Ms. Schakowsky, Ms. Norton, Ms. Titus, Mr. Pocan, Mr. Lynch, Ms. Moore, Ms. Lee of California, Mr. Visclosky, Mr. Krishnamoorthi, and Mrs. Lee of Nevada), H1460 [7FE]
Cosponsors added, H1519 [11FE], H2036 [14FE], H2648 [11MR], H3406 [1MY], H3926 [16MY], H4389 [10JN]
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CrimsonMadcap
Subject: Re: Gaia'shome. Mon Feb 18, 2013 10:02 pm
Regenard stared at her.
"Keep the glass," he said. He didn't really care what happened after he left this house, to either of them. He shouldn't have cared in the first place. They were just lucky they acted as though they did.
"You should give some to him," he said, pointing to Ohanzee, "I'm sure he'd like some."
Regenard stood and walked to the kitchen and put some more tea on.
"Play nice," he called back.
Ohanzee looked up at Gaia, he didn't expect her to give him any tea or anything, he just wanted to earn her trust. Or atleast get her to like him. He looked out the window and could have swore he saw something - or someone - moving in the shadows.
Gaia frowned and handed the glass to Ohanzee before walking into the bedroom. She found a pack in there and threw some clothes into it. She went into the kitchen and threw various canned items into it. She filled her pouch with water and picked up one of the Cadet's guns, along with her own knife. "Thanks again for saving me." she quickly dressed in some armor she had found in the bedroom, this was armor she'd never seen before. It was nice armor too. Woman's armor was hard to find, so she felt pretty lucky. "Keep the house, Ohanzee. You'd be better in here anyway." She quickly ran out, This time she hoped she wouldn't meet up with the men again. Regenard didn't care about her, and she knew he didn't want to. So she would stay away. "Goodbye." she shouted back, Hoping neither male would try to follow her. She walked deeper into the forest and climbed into a tree, hiding. She tried to get comfortable and fall asleep, But she just couldn't, Gaia lied awake, thinking about what to do next.
Ohanzee watched Gaia walk away then looked at Regenard to gage his reaction. Gaia had a habit of doing that and Regenard seemed fond of Gaia. Once again, Ohanzee felt it was his fault Gaia left and just looked at the ground again.
Regenard sighed and set his mask on the table.
He grabbed his rifle.
"Ohanzee, stay here. I'll be back," he said, walking out of the building. He scanned the trees. He wasn't sure why he cared so much. He leaned his rifle against the building, and took the bow off its barrel. He looked around again and walked further into the forest. It was getting dark- he wouldn't have much time. His amber eyes darted from treetop to treetop. He finally spotted her in a tree, and walked up to it. He silently scaled it, and tied the bow on one of its branches.
He climbed down as silently as he had climbed up. He looked around. It was night, now, and darker than usual. He began walking back to the light in the distance where the cottage was.
Then it happened.
A bullet flew from the darkness and struck him through the chest.
Ohanzee heard a gunshot and almost screamed like a girl, it didn't sound like Regenard's gun. He took out his knife and ran outside to see Regenard on the ground...well, as well as he could see outside. He ran to him and crouched down beside him.
"Don't you dare fucking die, you bastard," he mumbled. He picked up the man as well as he could and made a mad dash for the cottage, barely making it before another bullet flew past his head. He set the man on the table and began trying to remove the bullet, but the man was losing blood fast and the injury seemed serious, the bullet had missed his heart and lungs though, so that was good. He just focused on trying to save the man's life.
Gaia watched Regenard get hit. "No!" she screamed as loud as she could. she saw the bow and quickly untied it, clenching it in her fist as she jumped down from the tree. How many mistakes was she going to make today? The jump hurt her ankle, but she didn't care. Regenard had been shot again. It was her fault, again. He was going to get himself killed. Why couldn't he just leave her be? Why couldn't he have just stayed inside!? She was crying again and ran inside. "Regenard..." she sat in the chair by the table and stroked his hair, hoping Ohanzee would save him.
Ohanzee got the bullet out of Regenard's chest, but he was still losing blood. He wrapped the wound firmly and gave him a shot that would clot his blood around the wound. Ohanzee really didn't know what else to do after that. Hopefully the blood clotter would work quickly and the wound would scab over. Ohanzee was deeply worried for the man, but all they could really do now was wait and hope.
Subject: Re: Gaia'shome. Tue Feb 19, 2013 12:01 am
Regenard stared at the ceiling. His eyes snapped open and shut. The voices came back. He saw the old man's face. He saw his sister's face. His father's face. Gaia's face. Ohanzee's face. His mother's face.
He turned his head to the two.
"Bother of you..." he said, "... come here..."
Ohanzee scooted closer to Regenard, and left room for Gaia to be beside him. He was eager to hear what he had to say, and more than eager for him to get better.
Gaia felt awful, If Regenard died it would be her fault. She sat in the chair and scooted it closer to the table. She gently took Regenard's hand in hers and squeezed it. She was crying, her lips were quivering. This was the third time he had been shot, Each time her fault. "Regenard, Please don't die." Gaia sobbed loudly. "I don't want you to.." she looked at him and wiped a few of her tears away. "You don't have my permission to" Gaia smiled sadly and waited for Regenard to speak.
Regenard smiled softly and shut his eyes.
"When... when I was a child... my mother... gave me and my sister nicknames... she called me... soldier..." he coughed and kept talking, "... the day... she died... my sister stayed by her bed... and she would say to mother 'Be a soldier... just like big brother Regenard... just like big brother Regenard'..." he coughed again, "... but mom... just couldn't make it..." he coughed again and lay back, eyes shut, voices echoing in his mind.
Now Ohanzee was on the verge of tears, a few spilling onto his cheeks, the first time he had cried since the day he ran away.
"Regenard," he pleaded, "please, you can survive this," he pleaded, he didn't want Regenard dying because he decided to give up after getting shot this time. In fact he didn't want him dying at all.
Gaia was crying harder now. "Fuck..." She couldn't handle this, Regenard made her feel alive. She turned to Ohanzee. "i'm going to find the asshole who did this to him. Please don't let him die." Gaia kissed Regenard's forehead and let her lips linger for a moment. "There will be no dying tonight." She grabbed her gun and ran out the door, searching. When three shots were fired. All but one missing. It hit her in the stomach. But that didn't stop her, She went to the direction the bullets were being fired. She saw a man standing there. She didn't hesitate, she shot and missed. Blood dripped from the corner of her mouth. She shot again and hit the man between the eyes. Just before dropping to her knees. She wiped the blood from her mouth, traded armor with the man and went inside, sitting with Ohanzee and Regenard, trying her best to not cry or pass out. She swallow her blood. "I'm gonna go to the restroom..." Gaia walked into the bathroom and just sorta stared at herself in the mirror, touching her scar. Why did he think her pretty? She was as ugly as they come.
Regenard's eyes opened. He stared at the ceiling, but didn't move.
"He's dead, isn't he?" he said.
He felt guilty for getting them in this much trouble. He should have killed them both ages ago, but it was too late for that now.
He would leave in the morning with his rifle and the ammunition from the dead.
He would leave the two alone, hopefully they would take care of each other.
He would have to be able to move first.
Ohanzee looked at the man's face and scanned it.
"The man who shot you? Yes, he's dead," he said, "....and don't get any ideas of running off, you already had injuries, and this one's too serious for you to be out there," Ohanzee did not plan on letting the man leave soon, it would be too dangerous with such an injury and they all knew it.
Gaia felt the pain in her stomach growing. She sighed and started thinking about how things would be better if Regenard had killed her. She wished he had. She looked at the bathroom window and opened it. She didn't want Regenard to risk anything else for him. She climbed out the window, hoping to god Ohanzee wouldn't stay anything to Regenard. She tied the ribbon that he'd left on the tree around her wrist and limped away, her stomach and ankle causing her imense pain. When she got out far enough she pulled out a gun and looked at it, twirling it in her hands.
Last edited by CaptainLu on Tue Feb 19, 2013 1:11 am; edited 1 time in total
Subject: Re: Gaia'shome. Tue Feb 19, 2013 1:01 am
Regenard heard a noise.
He moved his arm quickly enough to surprise Ohanzee, and sat up quickly, wincing. The tip of his knife was at Ohanzee's neck.
"Don't throw a fit, kid. I'll be back. I've survived worse," he said, standing up and grabbing what was left of the bandages from the end of the table.
He walked to the door and kicked it open, only to see Gaia slowly moving away. He walked up behind her, pain shooting through him with every stride, but he walked nonetheless. Maybe it was because the voices told him too. Maybe it was because she looked like his sister. He didn't care anymore.
He walked up behind her and slowly wrapped the bandages around her stomach, where the wound was obviously present.
"You tracked blood. You were loud. Be more careful if you're going to run away without a thank you next time," he said, "Now back to the house, lass."
Gaia jumped and dropped her gun when Regenard came up behind her. If it had been any one besides him, she probably would have yelled. But she gently wiggled away from him and the bandage he had wrapped around her abdomen. "Ah, Go away." She said her words softly but she didn't actually mean them. What was with her? She sighed, Maybe she had a crush on him. She laughed at herself for that, She reminded him of his sister, Even if she did have a crush on him, they wouldn't ever be together. "I have to go," she continued walking. "Things will be easier for you, I know that you don't want me or Ohanzee bothering you anymore." she turned and smiled at him. "Stay safe and get back inside, You're going to hurt yourself even more." she still had the bow tied around her wrist. Gaia glanced at it and untied it, walking up to him and tying it around his wrist. "Don't lose sight of yourself again."
Regenard stared into her eyes, his amber eyes clouded, lacking the glint they had before. He untied the bow and tied it back around her wrist and took her hand.
"I... Didn't save you so you could just run away," he said, hesitating, "And anyways, who's going to watch Ohanzee's sorry ass? Come back to the house. At least until we're all patched up. You're still bleeding, and I'm losing blood as we speak."
He smiled softly.
Not because he was happy. It wasn't a sinister smile either. He wasn't sure what it was.
Gaia stared at him for a moment. "I...Alright. I'll stay. But I won't stay much longer. I'll be out of your hair in no time." She returned his smile. "I wouldn't want you to die, Come on." Gaia looked up at his eyes. "You know, you look alot nicer without your mask on." She gave his hand a small squeeze. "Are you hungry?" She gave a slight giggle. "I'm starving." She sighed, still confused by the way Regenard acted. Why hadn't he killed her or let her go? He didn't want to be her companion. So why keep her alive. She bit her lip and started walking back towards the cottage, holding tightly onto Regenard's hand. When they got inside Ohanzee was just sitting there. She sighed at let go of Regenard's hand, rummaging through the kitchen pantry. She blocked the two men from her mind.
Ohanzee looked at the two as they entered. They were both injured and he really didn't think either one should be going out like that. He was the only one not injured and he felt like he needed to take care of them even though they both acted and wanted to be independent. He just sat and watched though, there was really nothing for him to do right now.
Regenard released Gaia's hand.
He walked to the kitchen and put on more water for tea, and leaned on the counter, thinking to himself.
He was going to leave.
He'd slip out over night, and force the two to work together.
He would buy some kind of mental stimulant, and return to the Dead Lands.
He would seek out the Agency.
And he would kill them all. Then the Cadets. Then the Dalets.
Then the world would finally be free.
Gaia wanted to leave, she understood why Regenard wanted to be alone. People were just a burden. If only he'd just let her leave, If she killed him and Ohanzee, she wouldn't have to worry about them anymore. But when she looked over at Regenard, that temptation was gone. She sighed, and when she turned back to the pantry she was greeted by the snarling face of a mutant she'd never seen before, it looked like a dog and a rat had fucked and then the baby got hit by a car. It jumped on her and she screamed, grabbing it's throat. "Get the fuck off of me!" She struggled to reach her dagger as the creature nipped at her throat.
Regenard spun, alerted by Gaia's screams.
He ran at the animal and tackled it off of her, struggling with it on the floor. It bit into his shoulder, drawing large amounts of blood. He was still weak from when he'd been shot, but he was going to make this home safe. He pulled out his dagger, but the creature kicked it from his hand, and bit into him again.
"Oh, fuck it," he shouted. He reached up and snapped its neck.
He stood, and walked calmly to get some bandages, and wrapped them around his wounds. He then returned to the kitchen silently.
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Review: Retaking the Universe: William S. Burroughs in the Age of Globalization, by David Schneiderman and Philip Walsh
Whenever assessing an author’s work, posthumously or otherwise, the critic must first establish the author’s place within the context of letters and second explain how this author’s work, the mythos or story, the thread which the author has deigned to spin, contributes to or participates with said context. Ultimately, it is a matter of establishment and movement. It is reasonable to say that the work of the critic is very similar to that of the mythographer. Both take as their duty the explication of a legend. For the mythographer, this legend explication is the explanation of a fabulae, a fabulous narrative account consisting often times of extraordinary and unverifiable elements with dubious historical accuracy. The critic’s duty, on the other hand, is to clarify and elucidate an author’s codex, her or his symbols and scale, thereby creating a correspondence between the map of the world constructed by the author and our own. In both cases, it is the comprehension of a system that serves as the ultimate goal.
The essays that constitute the collection Retaking the Universe: William S. Burroughs in the Age of Globalization, edited by Davis Schneiderman and Philip Walsh, attest to this paradigm of critical analysis. Each essay is all at once a description, a rationalization, a commentary and a critique or assessment of Burroughs’ codex. The critics compiled in this collection each understand that the system incarnate of Burroughs’ work requires a great deal more exposition than a simple discussion of theme and style could possibly provide. Their material, malleable, arcane, the enigmatic literature of William S. Burroughs, is a subject matter of no small order. Oscillating between the complete surface of pop culture iconography and the trenchant depth analysis of a perhaps prophetic social critic, Burroughs work contains the entire spectrum of possible interpretations, making it much like an unnavigable maze; unless, of course, we receive some instruction on the system as a whole.
In Andre Gide’s Theseus, Ariadne says to the soon to be Hero, “But nobody to this day has ever managed to get out of the maze in which the monster lives; and you won’t succeed either unless your sweetheart (that I am, or shall presently be) comes to your rescue. You can’t begin to conceive how complicated it is, that maze.” (Gide 70) The maze in question is the legendary Labyrinth of Knossos, constructed by Daedalus, the master builder, at the command of Minos, the Cretan king. Minos ordered the construction of Daedalus’ Labyrinth so that he would have a place to hide away the Minotaur, the half man, half beast born to his wife Pasiphae after her illicit union with a brilliant white bull.
Daedalus’ mythological Labyrinth would, however, not have been a maze, as so-called by Ariadne, at least not as conceived of and understood in any modern or contemporary sense. The classical or Cretan-type Labyrinth
is not a system of false paths, a maze…it was a geometrical figure showing only a single path and thus containing no possibility of going astray. This classical labyrinth can best be understood as an architectural groundplan, a system of lines that represent confining walls, between which the path runs as an unobstructed track. This leads from the only opening in the exterior wall inexorably and choicelessly, with no intersections, to the center and out again, moving back and forth in continual switchbacks in the most circuitous possible fashion in such a way as to completely fill up the interior space. In the most ancient form…the single, unmistakable path leads in seven convolutions to the center, the sole dead end. (Jaskolski 7)
So then, as Daedalus explains to Theseus in Gide’s work, “judging it prudent to isolate [the Minotaur] and keep it well away from the public gaze, [Minos] asked me to devise a building and a set of communicating gardens which, without precisely imprisoning the monster, would at least contain him and make it impossible for him to get loose.” (Gide 75)
In the construction of the labyrinth itself, the monster is brought to realization. Through the act of language, the words of Minos’ command to Daedalus, the Labyrinth becomes a reality, and its contents unknown and therefore monstrous. The Labyrinth makes of the Minotaur a secret substance, hides him away, and in this hiding away makes him other, makes him the monster he was always to become, but otherwise could never have been. What is known can not solicit fear, can not be considered monstrous. In a sense, the monster and the Labyrinth are inviolably entwined, neither existing without its other. In the same sense, Daedalus’ fame would never have been so acclaimed had he no monster to hide away. But yet, as previously stated, the Minotaur only became the monster once it was decreed that it must be hidden. Such convolutions, when viewed from within the confines of the mythos itself, all of a single path, leading to the same inevitable center, are certainly confusing.
Burroughs too has constructed just such a labyrinth, plying, in Daedalus’ words, “all my scholarship, all my best thoughts, on the task.” (Gide 75) Burroughs’ labyrinth, however, is an entirely literary one. Its existence is obscure, veiled even. There is no blueprint. Ultimately it is a riddle of sorts, a circuitous, convoluted and often confusing world of words, at the end and center of which lies Burroughs himself, his daemon, the other of his Hericlitian Logos, who must first be found, and then wrestled and bested, before any understanding of his elaborate system can begin. This monster, residing at his labyrinth’s center, unpresentable to the public eye in any explicit form, is the frail and needy man deemed anathema for his gross indecencies, his anti-social tendencies, dependencies and sexual orientation. The global social order, the control machine that makes use of words in order to command certain consequences, has made Burroughs’ self into a monster that he must hide away, so that he may find freedom.
As readers we enter his maze and immediately become confused, befuddled by the vapors, so to speak as in Gide’s conception of Daedalus’ Labyrinth, where the pathway is pervaded with a narcotic haze of noxious gases emitted by certain plants continuously burned in the corridor. These gases intoxicate the traveler, sapping their will and making them unable to continue along their journey. Similarly, Burroughs’ narratives, often written while under the influence of some befuddling substance, are often void of clarity, and seem to lead endlessly nowhere. One becomes unsure of what they are reading, of quite literally, where they are going, forward, backward, or if there is any process or progress at all. Our only hope of escape, of understanding the twists and turns is that some Ariadne will come along with her discernible thread, her knowledge of the pattern, and lead us, not only to this central den, but also, and more importantly, back again.
Yet Ariadne’s thread is much more than just a simple balled string, unraveled upon entry and recoiled upon return. This thread is the knowledge of the pattern of the Labyrinth, the knowledge of the system itself, overarching and complete. It begins in an exterior space outside the Labyrinth, a ritual dancing ground, where the movements necessary to navigate the Labyrinth are marked in mosaic and known only to the priestess Ariadne, the Lady of the Labyrinth. These movements she taught to Theseus, initiating him in the divine rites of the geranos, the crane dance, through which he learned her particular philosophy of sacrifice and saving grace. Hers was a universal worldview, consisting of all the world and the stars, in which all things are subjected to the oppressive control of the gravity of the circle, and in their time, fall in the pattern of the dance. This knowledge she gives to Theseus as a way of explaining the pattern of life itself, represented by the ineffable precision of Daedalus’ construction.
The essays of this collection are the collected threads of a number of such would be Ariadne’s. The critics themselves begin their enumeration of Burroughs’ elaborate labyrinth by first establishing the existence of an external philosophical dancing ground, whose pattern can be readily applied to Burroughs’ work. Indeed, with these case studies, an understanding of the critic’s conception of Burroughs’ labyrinth is wholly dependent upon the acceptance and comprehension of an external theoretical system. These systems describe the contemporary scheme of globalization and the methods by which it uses certain mechanisms in order to control social perception and behavior. Next comes the movement, the dance performed upon this now established space. This movement is the application of the taught and learned theoretical pattern to Burroughs’ dense, complicated and labyrinthine work.
The collection itself is divided into three sections. This division makes the pattern of Burroughs’ labyrinth more readily discernible. These three sections, “Theoretical Dispositions,” “Writing, Sign, Instrument: Language and Technology,” and “Alternatives: Realities and Resistances,” each focus on a different aspect of Burroughs’ work, yet each section also allows for a complete understanding of his rather involved presentation of the age in which we live. As a whole, this collection is an attempt to represent Burroughs as “emblematic of our times and illustrative of current theoretical preoccupations, attesting to his continuing power as a writer.” (Skerl xiii)
In this text, Burroughs’ writing becomes “a form of resistance.” (Skerl xiii) From his very beginnings, Burroughs’ writing is a search to find freedom and enlightenment. Yet in order to accomplish this end, it became necessary for Burroughs’ to undermine the control system, the language, that commands our world. His words are subversive and serve to establish a new ground upon which, in time, through a repeated patterned movement, personal freedom can be attained. This freedom is only available to those willing to do the work of walking the Labyrinth, willing to find the monster that resides within and come to terms with the resultant and imposed psychological stigmas. The modern Theseus must come to understand that the beast that lives within us, is only a beast because society has deemed named it thus, with the intention of controlling and limiting the development of individual, the bane of society.
This collection serves to create and elaborate upon the legend of Burroughs as a profound social critic. They “attack their material with enough energy to infuse the cogent issue – literary explication that moves beyond its own rarified limits – with vital connections that present Burroughs’ work as a ‘blueprint’ for identifying and resisting the immanent control mechanisms of global capital.” (Schneiderman 2) Here we have Burroughs as critic, but also Burroughs as prophet, rebellious and radical freedom fighter, avant garde artist and all around pioneer. His is the refusal to be controlled, the refusal to be cornered and the refusal to be classified. The goal of this collection would seem successful; it’s critics “aim, en masse, [is] not… to cover the targets already pierced by earlier arrows, but to claim new areas for debate and discovery in the work of a writer who defiantly cast off the linear conventions of the world – and with whose work the world has perhaps only now begun fully to catch up.” (Schneiderman 2)
JF Campbell is a is a failed musician anda petty thief, born to a painter afraid of her own portrait and a musician whose time was too strict.
Review: New American Underground Poetry Vol. 1: The Babarians of San Francisco - Poets from Hell by Various
Review: in search of “Green Dolphin Street” by Robert Schuler
Review: My Pet Serial Killer by Michael J. Seidlinger
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David Garibaldi Interview
David Garibaldi is regarded as one of the most influential drummers of all time having inspired generations of players with his innovative approach to the instrument. As long time sticksman for Tower Of Power he will forever be known as one of the true funk pioneers.
In this interview David shares some of his career highs and lows and offers some useful advice for aspiring drummers:
What inspired you to start playing the drums?
We always had music going on at my house when I was little and I started with the violin. I wanted to play trumpet but there were no trumpets left in the school band so they gave me this violin, which I hated, so that lasted only a very short time. I hope violin players aren’t offended by this, but I couldn’t stand it. I was really attracted to the drums, started playing and pretty much stayed with it.
What were your main goals as a kid learning his craft?
Well, I guess when I was in my last year of high school, 17 years old, I was taking piano lessons and the piano teacher got me involved in a big band at the music store where I was taking the lessons. They were playing Glen Miller music and that kind of thing and my parents let me out every Tuesday night to go and rehearse with them. That was kind of a big deal for me and when we did our first performance and I got paid I realized that I could make money playing music. That got me really excited about it and so it sort of just went from there. I got out of high school and started playing in different bands, having my own bands and things progressed from there. I knew when I was 17 that this is what I wanted to do with my life, so really since then it’s all I’ve ever done.
How did you approach your own development?
I guess the main thing is to have a vision for yourself. You have to know what it is that you want then you have to just get down to the business of working towards it. There are no short cuts in this – if you really want something you figure out how you’re going to go about doing it and just start. Practice is big – I think that’s a really important way to develop yourself and then just play as much as you can until you find your voice.
My attitude sort of put me in situations where I could develop and grow. I always wanted to be around good players and so I was always looking for the people that could really play. I wasn’t really interested in playing in nightclubs, you know, doing Top 40 music or anything like that. I wanted to play! I always worked with bands that were doing original music and things where I could express myself in an individual way. I was always attracted to that. I wasn’t interested in sounding just like someone else as much as I wanted to have a sound of my own like all my favorite players have.
Do you still set goals for yourself today?
Yes – I’m very busy playing all the time. With Tower Of Power we are on the road right now and it seems like we always are. Sometimes it gets a little monotonous – we play a lot of the same material because we work so much so I have to always be redefining my goals and making things stimulating for myself so that I can keep moving forward.
What was the turning point in your career?
I guess when I was 23 years old and I joined the Tower. That was kind of the biggest event in my life I guess you would say. Everything that I am today as a musician is because of the freedom I was given in this drum chair. I was able to find myself and find my voice and still get a lot of enjoyment out of it – I obviously still enjoy it, I’m still in the band and it’s still a lot of fun. This is home base for me.
What’s been the toughest point in your career?
I’d have to say when I wasn’t in the band. We had a lot of drug problems in the early years – we were young and we made money and had a lot of success so we also liked to get high, you know. That really destroyed a lot of the creative things that were going on in the band and it also destroyed a lot of the personal relationships. When I decided early on that that was not how I wanted to live my life, I tried being in the band straight while everyone else was really loaded. That didn’t work at all because when you are around a lot of people who either drink or are using they don’t like you so much because you’re not doing what they are doing and you don’t like them so much because they’re not doing what you’re doing. The dope and alcohol comes between people – it sets up a lot of barriers.
I left the band in the early years I think two or three different times and it was always for the same reason. Eventually when I did leave again, I think it was in 1980, I said I’m not coming back because this is where these people are at. You know, never say never, but that 18-year period was really an adjustment. I had to learn how to function in music without the band – I had to develop a lot of things in my playing that would allow me to work with others and fit my playing into other situations. I couldn’t really have a signature sound, a recognizable, identifiable sound in a lot of the work that I was called to do. People didn’t want that so I had to turn it on and off
– that was tough.
How do you handle nerves?
I’ve gone through periods where I got very nervous and my hands shake and that kind of stuff and then there’s periods where you are just totally calm and I think a lot of it has to do with the importance that you attach to events. I always have a tendency to look down the road, maybe there is a performance coming up, and sometimes my mind will go “you’d better play well on that one”. As soon as you start thinking like that, looking down the road and telling yourself “you’d better do this”, you’ve put yourself in a bad spot – you’re creating a lot of pressure for yourself.
I do a lot of gigs where there’s a lot of other great drummers around – you can be intimidated when there are people that you admire and you respect and you’ve listened to their records, then they are standing by the side of the stage checking you out and enjoying what you’re doing. But that’s the thing you have to remember, if your peers are sitting there watching you the chances are that they are enjoying it. They want you to do well and that’s why they’re there. If you are sitting there thinking they are judging you or looking at you really critically then that really cuts down you’re peaceful time.
How do you prepare mentally for a big performance?
When I’m on the road I meditate everyday. I find it to be really helpful. Even though we play a lot of the same music night to night I still want to do well – I still prepare for it and go to areas of songs that I still have problems with and then I go and rehearse those things. I always have a practice session during the day – It doesn’t have to be a lot but just something to connect me with what’s going on. You know, just get ready. I also like to exercise so I workout everyday – I find that to be really relaxing and it helps me stay in the moment.
Have you picked up any tools over the years that have really helped you perform better?
I think the main thing is realizing that it all comes from within. You can have a great day from the way you look at things or you can have a horrible day from the way you look at things. That applies to your viewpoint and it controls everything. No matter what the circumstance try not to take it too seriously so that you can step back from things in a sort of detached way rather than letting things control the way your emotions go. That’s what I try to do, just keep things on as even a keel as possible, which is difficult sometimes (a good concept on paper), but it seems to work pretty well. Just take things a day at a time, which is always difficult for me because I’m always looking ahead. You always want to have a plan, a view to the future but at the same time you don’t want to live your life in the future because that’s not where life is lived – life is lived now!
What do you think makes a great musician?
I guess to use what abilities you have. I know people who are supremely talented but don’t use what they have in a really great way so they don’t get out of themselves what they could. I also know people who don’t necessarily have a lot of talent but use what they have and work hard at what they do. They say, slow and steady wins the race and I think that’s true. You don’t have to be super talented, you just have to be motivated. If you’re motivated all kinds of great stuff happens.
Do you have any good advice for young (or old!) musicians who are trying to make it?
The biggest thing is to stay away from alcohol and drugs, control your habits, you know. Really develop a vision for yourself – What is it that you want? What do you want to do? I don’t know that being a musician today is any more difficult than it was when I was young. To have a life filled with your art and be able to feed yourself and your family with your art…it seems like that problem has been with artistic people throughout the ages. If you are a person who is really motivated, you have a good idea of what you want, you just go out there and do your thing.
Really assess yourself because not everyone is suited for a life where you are feeding yourself with your art. For most people it’s a hobby and to have something that’s fulfilling in your life you have to have it in the right perspective. You have to enjoy it and view it as a way to enrich your life. If you attach a pay cheque to it sometimes that ruins the fun and then it’s not art anymore – it becomes something else. You want to strive to keep things in the right perspective. All the musicians that I know that do this for a living and are successful at it are not afraid to do it, they’re not afraid to step out there and be themselves.
Interview taken from The Psychology Of Drumming.
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Archive | Christopher Columbus RSS feed for this section
Impact of the Columbian Exchange on the world
By jk on November 4, 2012 in Americas, Christopher Columbus, Europe, History: General, Vasco da Gama
The Waldseemüller map (1507 CE)
The above picture shows a world map created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in 1507 CE. If you look towards the left of the map, you will see a narrow strip where the Americas are located. This is an important development because this map was created in just two decades after Christopher Columbus reached the New World and previous maps did not contain this land. This discovery of the Americas had a major impact on global trade and the Columbian Exchange changed the balance of global forces across the world.
Few years after Columbus failed in his mission to find the Indies, Vasco da Gama reached the Malabar coast. To impress the Zamorin, he took out the gifts he had bought and the people from the court who had come to examine them burst into laughter. These trinkets, they explained, were not the gifts suitable for a rich king. Even the poor merchants from Mecca or India gave better gifts. Did the Captain-Major have any gold, they asked. According to the accounts, Gama’s face fell.
This episode symbolizes the trade equation between the East and West during the 15th century. Asia produced spices, silk, porcelain and tea which the Europeans badly wanted, but there was nothing Europe produced that the Asians needed. Asia needed gold and silver and Europe did not have sufficient quantity of it.
First image of Potosí in Europe
But with the discovery of the Americas, the Spaniards ended up with a mother-lode of wealth. The image on the side shows a 1553 CE map of the city of Potosí in Bolivia. This was one of the sites of a major silver mine which the Spaniards reached after they had done looting the native coffers. Between 1560 and 1685 CE, Spanish America sent between 25,000 to 35, 000 tons of silver to Spain and in the century following that the amount doubled. In fact around 85% of the world’s silver supplies came from the Americas. This was extracted from 30 such mines.To compare it to modern times, it was like Saudi Arabia discovering oil.
Once they had access to the wealth, the first thing that changed was the shipbuilding industry as ships became cheaper and easier to build. Using Brazilwood, the Europeans built a large number of ships which were capable of transporting both goods and people on a large scale. These ships helped in further conquests, trade and colonization.
This brings to the second point regarding how the Columbian exchange affected the balance of global forces across the world. To mine the silver and gold, large manpower was required. But there were not many natives left to mine for these precious metals. Europeans brought with them epidemics like smallpox, measles and typhoid. Around 14 such epidemics helped in wiping out the native population from 120 million to 20 million within a century of Columbus setting foot in the region.
To replace the natives, Africans were imported into Brazil, the Caribbean and the East Coast of United States. These Africans were involuntarily brought in slave ships where they were packed like sardines. Many died of diseases along the way. Colonies were established all over the New World and the slaves died due to the miserable working conditions in these colonies. Due to the Columbian exchange, the native population of the New World was decimated, the African population was displaced and there was a population explosion in Europe.
Cross section of a ship showing how slaves were packed
The Columbian Exchange also helped in altering the flora and fauna in the world. While cotton, indigo, bananas and sugar reached the New World, tomato, maize, potato and cocoa reached Europe and then the rest of the world. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs also spread in the colonies. Sugar emerged as one of the most valuable exports from the Americas. Though sugarcane cultivation originated in India, the Americas became a major exporter of the product. Also, the tomato reached Europe for the first time; till then the Italians cooked without tomato.
Now with the silver from the mines and the goods produced by the slave population, Europeans had products which they could sell in the global trading system. With access to cheap source of food and precious metals, Europeans entered the global trading system which was dominated by the silks from China and spices from India and changed the trade imbalance. Columbian exchange gave Europe sufficient wealth and goods to become a dominant trading system. It affected the lives of people — the natives, the conquerors and the Africans — in a profound way. It also affected the foods that people ate and the animals that they used for food and warfare.
(This was one of my assignments in a history course I am doing now)
Tignor, Robert, Jeremy Adelman, Stephen Aron, Stephen Kotkin, Suzanne Marchand, Gyan Prakash, and Michael Tsin. Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World: From 1000 CE to the Present (Third Edition). Third ed. W. W. Norton & Company, 2010
The Columbian Exchange In 1492 Christopher Columbus made his famous voyage to the Americas which bought him fame and wealth, but death and disease to the natives. It also changed the Americas forever:...
First impact of Globalization Ashok V. Desai has described India in 1865 when the first wave of globalization hit India creating a trade surplus. Thus we see in the mid-19th century the first impact...
Trading Hubs of the Old World – Part 2 (The Arabian Sea Network) (Read Part 1) In 1881, the Theosophist Henry Steel Olcott, said, “We Europeans..have a right to more than suspect that India 8,000 years ago sent out a...
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Mike Lord
4th generation Santa Fe Gringo.
First Holy Communion At Cristo Rey
My parents were married in Los Angeles in 1944. Dad was in the Navy and met my mom through her cousin. She was a Basque Catholic and he was a Santa Fe Episcopalian, which didn’t seem to present any problems until, in 1946, we all returned to Santa Fe to live permanently. When my mom brought me to meet dad’s family, my great-grandmother informed her that all of the arrangements had been made to have me baptized at Holy Faith on Palace Avenue. As an Episcopalian.
It must not have gotten cold enough for hell to freeze over that year, because I was baptized a Catholic. After living in Los Alamos until 1948, we moved back to Santa Fe and I began my spiritual education at Cristo Rey Church. The earliest memories of Cristo Rey I have were going to Mass every Sunday and learning the ritual of standing, kneeling, genuflecting and sitting at the proper times. When I began school I also began catechism class for an hour every Saturday afternoon. The class was held in a schoolroom that was part of the Cristo Rey Parish School, located behind the church. We were first taught the basics: the Our Father, the Hail Mary, the Apostle’s Creed and the Sign of the Cross (which, we were told, the Episcopalians did backwards.) As I grew older, heading for my First Holy Communion, the lessons focused on the life of Jesus, the stories in the bible and the 7 Sacraments. We were each given a scapular which consisted of two small squares of cloth, each with its own picture of Jesus on one and Mary on the other, connected by two long strips of cloth. They were worn under your clothing, with one picture against your chest and one against your back. We were expected to wear them all the time. I remember how mine itched. I think that it was supposed to, kind of like a hair shirt.
Monsignor Patrick Smith (Father Pat) was our parish priest and he had a unique way of making sure that we were absorbing our lessons. Cristo Rey had 3 Masses on Sunday. The 7:00 Mass, for those who wanted an early start, the 9:30 Mass which most parishioners and families attended, and the noon Mass for those who couldn’t attend the other two and for the sluggards who slept in. At the 9:30 Mass, all of the kids in catechism class sat in the first 3 pews up front. There was no escape. After the sermon, Father Pat came down from the altar to the aisle and began randomly questioning us on what we should have learned the day before. We were expected to answer in a loud, clear voice and Heaven help us if we whispered or didn’t know the answer. Remember, we were all just kids and not accustomed to public speaking. We initially tried to make sure that we sat as far from the aisle as possible, which led to a lot of jostling as we arrived, but we soon learned that Father Pat would question those kids first. The girls almost always answered correctly. The boys, not so much. If we faltered, Father Pat would announce to the world that we must not be paying enough attention and we would be singled out during the next class. The adults behind us were quite amused by the entire spectacle and, believe it or not, by the time we made our First Communion, we knew the material pretty well.
The Saturday before First Communion, we all had to make our first confession. One of the Sacraments is Penance, which is an acknowledgement of and atonement for one's sins. The confessional was a small wooden chamber with the priest separated from the confessor by an opaque curtain. You entered, knelt down and said “Bless me Father, for I have sinned. It has been (X) days/weeks/months since my last confession.” You enumerated your sins and the priest then assigned your penance, which had to be completed, kneeling in a pew, before you could leave the church. Penance for a 7 year old was pretty simple. It usually was saying 5 Our Fathers and 5 Hail Marys or, if the sin was really egregious, praying a Rosary, which took about an hour. My sins then consisted of things like fighting with my brother, disobeying my parents and once swiping a popsicle from the Palace Grocery (that one got me a Rosary.) Impure thoughts and deeds came later.
The next day, we made our First Holy Communion. Everyone was scrubbed clean and dressed to the nines. The girls all had white dresses and mantillas and the boys all had on white shirts and grown-up ties. Our scapulars were in place and we took our seats in the front pews, this time as the guests of honor rather than the uneducated urchins we had been before. When the time came, we were first at the altar rail and we knelt (again). I put out my tongue and received the Host, a thin, white wafer which immediately stuck to the roof of my mouth. Picture a dog trying to get peanut butter off the roof of its mouth. That was me.
When Mass was over, we all gathered outside for congratulations and photos. There were parties and, in my case, breakfast at a sit-down restaurant. It was the biggest day thus far of our young lives and I recall the pride I felt because I had finished a complicated task successfully.
Looking back, I realize that the first foundations of who I became as an adult were laid at Cristo Rey. And I am most grateful.
--Mike Lord
Photo by Jerry Kerr
Published in Family Histories
When It's Apple Picking Time Down In Tesuque
My father must have had a secret fantasy to be a farmer because, in 1956, he moved our growing family from our ancestral home on La Vereda to a two-story adobe house in the middle of a Tesuque orchard. For my brother and me it was a mixed blessing. On the one hand, we could roam among the hills and arroyos, fish in the Tesuque River and the ponds and hang out with people like woodcarver Andy Anderson and saddle maker Slim Green. On the other hand, we were expected to be the hired farmhands. And the pay wasn’t much.
The Tesuque Valley then was primarily agricultural. There were numerous orchards, truck gardens, a chicken and egg ranch and a dairy within walking distance of our home. Both sides of the river were irrigated by a series of acequias and the amount of water one received was based on how much property you had to water. In our case, we had about an acre of fruit trees around the house and another acre of trees up the lane behind the house. This was a mature orchard, consisting of 3 different varieties of apples, a cherry tree, some pear and plum trees, a few apricot trees and quite a few peach trees. We soon learned that one didn’t just water and wait until fall to reap the harvest. There was always something to be done during the summer months, and my brother and I did a lot of it. Our house included all of the tools necessary to maintain the orchard. Shovels and hoes for cleaning out the ditches, 12 foot tall folding ladders, pruning saws, devices to grasp the highest fruit, picking bags and bushel baskets. In the late spring we pruned out all of the dead branches and cleaned the ditches. Once that was done, the irrigating began.
Our acequia water allotment was for 2 hours twice a week. You walked up to the main ditch, closed the big gate and opened the gate that sent the water to our place. You then opened a series of small gates, one at a time, and flooded everything. When the 2 hours had passed, you walked back up to the main ditch, closed the small gate and opened the big gate to send the water down to the next user. The timing was essential because, if you were late starting you would lose that water, and, if you were late finishing and sending the water on down, your neighbor would be at your doorstep. All of this seemed like a pretty fun job except for one thing. Our allotted 2 hours were from 3:00 AM to 5:00 AM. My dad thought that this would be a good way to teach my brother and me responsibility (not to mention allowing him to sleep,) so he showed us how to do the job once, bought us an alarm clock and some flashlights, and wished us luck. I hated that job.
The fall, however, was magical. It was like living in the middle of the Garden of Eden. The whole Valley smelled like apples and there was fruit hanging everywhere. We ate it all day long – apples, pears, peaches, apricots, cherries and plums. My mom made countless jars of apricot and peach jam, applesauce and pies. But there was still far more fruit than the family could use, so back to work we went, picking the rest of the fruit. We had picking bags, which were made of canvas with an open bottom. They were worn on the front of your chest and the bottom was folded up and fastened with a clip. After the bag was full (about a bushel) the bottom was unclipped and the fruit was dumped into a basket. These were not used for peaches, as the fruit was too soft and would bruise in the bag. Peaches were picked by hand, one at a time, and deposited in the baskets.
In the 1950s, many of the orchards and gardens sold their produce by the side of the road. My dad agreed to let my brother and me keep the proceeds of whatever we sold, so one Saturday we took a few baskets of fruit, a couple of folding chairs and a small table out to the side of the road and waited for customers. To our great surprise, they came and stopped. The going rate for fruit was two dollars per bushel for apples and five dollars per bushel for peaches. We had about 5 bushels of peaches, which sold out immediately. The 20 bushels of apples took longer, but by the end of the day they were gone and we had the princely sum of sixty-five dollars. This was an enormous amount of money for 2 boys in the 1950s and we decided that all of the work was worthwhile. Had we taken the time to calculate the amount of labor, we would have discovered that we probably made less than ten cents an hour.
We discovered another use for apples that was much more fun. By poking an apple on the end of a 3 foot long stick, one could hold the other end and throw the apple a long way. A really long way. It was an apple atlatl and we began having apple wars. When we tired of this, we began launching them toward a neighbor’s metal roofed house about 100 yards behind us. It took her a while to figure out what was clanging on her roof and, when she did, my parents were not amused.
Today, Tesuque is all estates and galleries. There are still a few producing orchards (the apples in the photo above came from the orchard that is across the street from our old house.) And the roadside stands are long gone.
Published in Surrounding Communities (Towns and Pueblos)
Zozobra - 1943
In 1943, America was at war. Despite this, the Santa Fe Fiesta, with its opening night burning of Zozobra, was held. That year produced the most unusual Zozobra before or since.
Zozobra (Old Man Gloom) had been created by artist Will Shuster and his friends in 1926. His immolation was a sign of sending up in flames all of the bad thoughts and events of the previous year, giving everyone a fresh start. It is difficult to imagine a year where this would be more meaningful than 1943.
That year, Shuster combined the eyes and glasses of Emperor Hirohito, the hair and brush mustache of Adolf Hitler and the prominent chin of Benito Mussolini into a Zozobra that he named Hirohitmus.
However, in late July, 1943, Mussolini was deposed and imprisoned by the Allied forces. In the Sunday, August 15, 1943 issue of the Brooklyn Eagle there appeared an article under the heading “Sign of the Times” which commented:
“Famed Fiesta at Santa Fe, N.M., each September used to have a three-faced figure called Zozobra, “Old Man Gloom” which was burned at the stake. This year artist Will Shuster thought it would be a nice idea to call the effigy “Zozobra Hirohitmus.” So he did. Last week, however, he announced that he had changed the name, of necessity, to “Zozobra Hirohittlepus.” Added that he was in the market for more changes.”
Hirohitmus or Hirohittlepus, he was burned and Santa Fe felt a little better. By 1945, it was evident that it must have helped.
This photo also shows the way that Zozobra was ignited then. There is a wall of tumbleweeds 3 - 4 feet deep in front of Zozobra and stacks of wood in front of the tumbleweeds. The wood piles (luminarias) were lit first and then the tumbleweeds. Zozobra burned from the ground up after that.
- Mike Lord
(PHOTO COURTESY OF DAVID RULON)
Published in Fiesta de Santa Fe
The Hills of La Vereda
From The Santa Fe New Mexican
While attempting to scale one of the 'peaks' a half mile or more behind the home of A.B. Renehan, to show off the climbing powers of his automobile, Frank Owen had a narrow escape from serious if not fatal injuries yesterday afternoon. His car turned turtle and he saved himself by a magnificent vault just in the nick of time. With him but several minutes before Mr. Owen took the leap were Dr. J.M. Diaz, who
is one of the greatest auto enthusiasts in the territory, A.J. Griffin and J.H. Walker. They made a rapid descent from the car before it turned turtle and in order to save it if possible from attempting the feat.
The scene of this account is north of my great-grandparents home on La Vereda Street, which is at the top of East Palace Avenue. It had been built on the site of the Fischer Brewery, which closed in 1896. In 1910. East Palace ended there and past that there were nothing but farms on both sides of the Santa Fe River, bordered on the south by Canyon Road. My grandfather grew up there, as did my father. And, in 1950, it was my turn.
We had lived in Los Alamos from 1946 – 1948 where my dad was a contract dentist. In 1948, we moved back to Santa Fe where he joined my grandfather’s practice. By this time, La Vereda had grown into a complex of apartments and small houses that were owned by my great-grandmother (my great-grandfather died in 1928.) My grandparents lived in my great-grandparents original house, which had been built in 1908 on the site of the Fischer Brewery. We first lived in a small penitentiary tile house below my great-grandmother’s and then moved into the stone house at # 12. Behind this house was my great-grandfather’s off-road course and it became my brother’s and my playground.
In those days, my dad encouraged independence and we were allowed to play in the hills unsupervised, as long as we were home for lunch and dinner. I say we because my parents made it clear that wherever I went, my little brother went. Directly behind the house was a small arroyo where we played army games. WWII had ended just 5 years earlier and shooting Japs and Krauts was what small boys did. We built machine gun nests and discovered that dirt clods made excellent hand grenades. We also snuck matches out of the house and built small campfires which, amazingly, never burned anything down.
Climbing out of the arroyo, we were in a series of small hills that ran all the way east to Gonzales Road. Directly above the arroyo were large piles of glass shards, the remains of broken beer bottles from the brewery. We would sometimes dig into them in hopes of finding a complete bottle, but we never did. The intact necks we found were interesting, though, as the method of sealing the bottles was with a cork held in place by a wire fastener. Metal caps had yet to be invented. I understand that these piles still exist.
To the east, toward Gonzales Road via a 30 minute hike, was the quarry that yielded the clay for the penitentiary brick manufacturing process. My mom would make us sack lunches and we would walk over there and spend most of the day. It was a wonderful place. There were pools of water that teemed with tadpoles and frogs. There were large reefs of rock that were full of fossils. And, best of all, once a week, there were convicts! And guards with shotguns! We were absolutely forbidden to be there when the convicts dug the clay, but we managed. It was a dangerous game, because if the guards caught you they would take you home and there would be hell to pay. The plan was to listen for the trucks to arrive and then go hide as close to the work area as possible. Listening to these guys talk to one another was our introduction to cursing – both in English and Spanish. It was a few years before we understood what some of the words meant, but we used them whenever there were no adults around. There was one instance when we were spotted by the guards and one of them told us to come to him. We took off running the other way and he chased us for about 5 minutes. We were sure he was going to shoot us, but we desperados made our getaway.
Today, all of this is gone. The hills and the quarry are covered with houses and condos. I wonder who lives on top of the peak where Frank Owen made his car turn turtle.
-- Mike Lord
Josiah Gregg's 1844 Map of the Santa Fe Trail
In 1831, due to poor health, Josiah Gregg followed his doctor’s recommendation and joined a merchant caravan which travelled to Santa Fe from Van Buren, Arkansas (at that time there were several routes to Santa Fe from the East.) He returned to Arkansas in 1833 with his health improved and in 1834 he became a business partner of Jesse Sutton, returning to Santa Fe as a wagonmaster. It was on this trip that he brought the first printing press to Santa Fe, selling it to Ramon Abreu who used it to print New Mexico’s first newspaper.
In 1844, he published Commerce of the Prairies which detailed his time spent as a trader on the Santa Fe Trail from 1831 through 1840. Included in the book was this map of the Santa Fe Trail and the surrounding plains, which was the most detailed at the time.
To download a high resolution copy of the map, click on the “Download attachments:” link at the bottom. It’s 7 MB, so give it a minute.
Published in Historical Documents
The Peefee Meets Zozobra
In 1953, I belonged to a Cub Scout pack in Santa Fe. My mom was the Den Mother and had the responsibility of keeping ten 8 year old boys engaged and focused on Scout activities. I have to admit that I was more interested in the uniform than I was the various tasks, but since completing the projects got you more patches and made your outfit cooler, I persevered. That fall, she announced that we were to be Little Glooms during the Fiesta burning of Zozobra.
The burning of Zozobra (Old Man Gloom) is one of the more bizarre public celebrations in America. Predating Nevada’s Burning Man event by 60 years, he was created by artist Will Shuster in 1924 as an artistic addition to the Santa Fe Fiesta, which was celebrated then over Labor Day weekend. By the time I was a boy, the event had become the signature beginning of the Fiesta on Friday night. The week before, we would eagerly await his transport to Ft. Marcy Park and his hoisting to the site of his execution. My dad would tell us stories about how he had been captured in the mountains above town and was being held until he would be condemned and sentenced to burn. He represented all of the bad thoughts and events of the year and his demise would clean the slate and give everyone a fresh beginning. I totally believed him. I still do.
At dusk on Friday night, the entire town gathered at the park. Zozobra, 35 feet tall, loomed above everyone, emitting the occasional groan and pointing an accusing finger at his tormenters. A mariachi band played at his feet. Illuminated by spotlights, he became increasingly animated and his groans were louder and more frequent. When it was almost dark, all of the lights, save 1 spotlight, went out and the execution commenced. A group of about 20 kids, dressed in white sheets as miniature Zozobras, slowly walked up the platform and lined up at Zozobra’s feet. He roared his disapproval and one could imagine him trying to snatch them up and eat them. After the Little Glooms were in place, the Fire Dancer, dressed in red, arrived and begin to weave around the monster’s feet, taunting him with fiery torches. Throughout the dance, the crowd became more and more frenzied, screaming “Burn him! Burn him!” After about 10 minutes, the dancer put his torch to the hem of Zozobra’s gown and the giant began to burn. As the flames rose, his moans and groans became shrieks and screams, until the flames burst from the top of his head and the noise subsided. By this time, everyone was cheering and the skies behind the charred remains were starred with a magnificent fireworks show. When it was over, everyone walked down to the Plaza and Fiesta began.
Now, for an 8 year old kid, the opportunity to be a part of this and stand at Zozobra’s feet during his immolation was the equivalent of Christmas morning. Our moms made our costumes out of white sheets from Bell’s Department Store and, the week before Fiesta, we had 2 dress rehearsals at the park so that we would know where to go. It was, after all, a bit dangerous with all the flames and fireworks.
Friday evening came and it was showtime! We all lined up and waited for our cue. It came, and up the steps we went, with me bringing up the rear. That’s when it started to go bad. My sheet was too long and I tripped and fell on the stairs. This caused the shroud over my head to cover my face so that I couldn’t see where I was to go. Zozobra by now was making so much noise that I couldn’t hear the adults yelling at me. When I finally got my act together I was all alone on the stairs. I looked around, saw the rest of the Glooms and ran toward them. Bad idea. Fueled by adrenaline, I fell again. And a third time. If Zozobra had wanted to, he could have picked me up and torn me limb from limb. By the time I got into place the Fire Dancer had appeared and we exited. I took off my sheet as we left, lest I fall into the flames. Of course, this made me stand out like a sore thumb among the other Glooms. I will say that the experience of watching him burn from 50 feet away somewhat made up for the humiliation but the damage had been done. My stature in the peefee world was rising and I don’t think that the taunting stopped until Easter.
Today, it’s one of my most precious memories.
Note: The word peefee is unique to Santa Fe and its origins are from the nickname given to a slight, effeminate and very flamboyant waiter named Epifano who worked at the Mayflower Café in the 1930s. The word came to mean weak, unmanly or timid.
The Death Trails and the Peefee Bicycle
It was the fall of 1955 and I was anticipating my first bicycle. Most of my friends had either Schwinn (sold by Cartwright’s and Sebastian’s Firestone) or J.C. Higgens (Sold by Sears) single-speed bikes with heavy frames, coaster brakes and 26” balloon tires. I prowled all over downtown Santa Fe, looking for the perfect bike, and I found it at Gerkin’s Bicycle Shop on Water Street. It was made by British manufacturer Raleigh and, unlike the behemoth machines of my friends, it had a lightweight frame, skinny 27” tires, a 3-speed Sturmey Archer rear hub with the shifter on the handlebars and front and rear caliper hand brakes. It also had front and rear fenders, front and rear lights powered by a generator, a down tube mounted pump and a leather saddle with a little bag full of tools underneath. That bike was made for me and I begged my parents for it as my Christmas present. Since it was considerably more expensive than the bikes everyone else rode, I was told to lower my sights and find one that was reasonably priced. I did, but the anticipation became lukewarm.
Christmas morning arrived and I trudged down to the tree. And there – with a red bow on the handlebars – was the Raleigh English Racer! I don’t think I ever got a Christmas present before or since that took my breath away like that bike did. I received a serious lecture from my dad about understanding that it required a lot of care and upkeep, that I was responsible for getting it licensed (Santa Fe had a bike license ordinance in those days and for 50 cents you got this cool little plate to attach to the rear fork) and, above all things, I was NOT to ride it in the dirt. I assured him that I understood and spent the rest of the day taking it apart and putting it back together with the nifty little tool set.
Spring came and I rode that bike all over town. I would put it in high gear and rocket down East Palace from my home on La Vereda, cruise around the Plaza, ride up College Street to Manhattan Street, down Delgado Street to Alameda and then put it into low gear for the stretch back up Palace.
The only downside was that my friends with the big bikes immediately branded mine a peefee bicycle. The word peefee is unique to Santa Fe and its origins are from the nickname given to a slight, effeminate and very flamboyant waiter named Epifano who worked at the Mayflower Café in the 1930s. The word came to mean weak, unmanly or timid. To make matters worse, I was labeled as a peefee because I wouldn’t go with my friends to the local off-road bicycle course, the Death Trails. Located between Don Gaspar and Galisteo near the powder house, the Trails were a series of hills, valleys and arroyos where kids had built jumps, banked curves and the like. This was before Cordova Road was built and there were no houses out there – just open country.
As one might guess, it wasn’t very long before I made my first trip out to the Death Trails. There were a lot of kids out there, both Hispano and Gringo, and what was most important was how well you could ride. I figured that my 3-speed gears would give me an advantage, especially on the uphill parts. I was wrong – that bike was a real dog off-road. While I could ride fast on the flats and downhill parts, the skinny tires were worthless in the sandy arroyos and the bike would come to a halt almost immediately. I would have to get off the bike, push it up the other side, and remount. This led to hoots and catcalls, further cementing my reputation. I was no longer a peefee – I was their king. Thoroughly humiliated, I left and pedaled the long 3 miles home.
Now, for most people, that would have been the end of it. But it was at this point that all reason and promises to my father went right out the window. I had noticed that the really good riders had stripped their bikes of all unnecessary hardware, and I figured that if I did the same my bike would be much lighter and more nimble. So a couple of days later, after my dad left for work, I got out my little set of tools and went to work. Off came the fenders, the chain guard, the generator, the lights, the pump and the toolbag. When I finished, I was certain that I could reclaim my manhood and off I went.
The bike certainly was faster and by pedaling insanely, I could ride down a hill into the arroyo sand where momentum would carry me across to the uphill side without dismounting. After spending some time getting the feel of things, I headed over to the more technical part and decided to try the jumps. The good riders could get 2 or 3 feet in the air and I figured that I could do at least that. I waited in line for my turn and when it came I rode for the jump as fast as I could. I catapulted into the air, came down on the front wheel and the bike simply quit working. After I picked myself up from a major faceplant I got the bike and tried to figure out what was wrong with it. There was plenty wrong with it – I had broken the frame where the top tube connects to the handlebar headset. Realizing that I was still king of the peefees, I pushed the bike home, arriving an hour after I was supposed to be there. My parents had no idea where I was and I was in big trouble on so many levels. Coming home late – check. Riding way out Galisteo Street – check. Dismantling my bike – check. Riding in the dirt – check. Breaking my bike – check and check. I spent the next two weeks under house arrest.
After my dad cooled down, we took the bike back to Gerkin’s to see if it could be repaired. Mr. Gerkin was able to braze the broken frame back together, but the bike was never the same. It would pull to the left instead of going straight and the front brake would shudder whenever it was used. The last time I rode it was in the fall before school began. It wasn’t until 30 years later that I discovered today’s mountain bikes and learned to ride in the dirt.
Peefee no more.
Friday, 26 July 2013 17:25
Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco - Map of the 1776 Dominguez-Escalante Expedition
I recently obtained this high-definition image of Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco's map of the 1776 Dominguez-Escalante Expedition. It is one of the most beautiful maps of the period I've ever seen. In addition to his prolific mapmaking, Miera y Pacheco was a santero and created the altar piece for the military chapel on the Plaza, La Castrense. The altar piece is in Cristo Rey church today.
I've included the image file as an attachment which can be downloaded and viewed in great detail. It's 3MB, so give it a minute to download.
Urrutia 1767 Map Of Northern Mexico
Urrutia was in New Mexico from 1767 to 1768. His most noted map is of Santa Fe, which is the home page of this website. I recently found this map of the Rio del Norte which came from the same expedition.
Sunday, 14 July 2013 20:21
Winter of the Metal People - The Untold Story of America's First Indian War by Dennis Herrick
In the summer of 1540, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado arrived at Hawikuh (today's Zuni Pueblo) in search of gold, silver, land and souls for the Catholic church. He brought with him the attitudes of arrogance and cruelty that had already demolished Indian cultures in Mexico and Peru. He stayed for 2 years before admitting failure and returning to Mexico, where he was tried and acquitted of cruelty to the Pueblo Indians.
There remain a few eyewitness accounts of the activities of Coronado and his army, most notably Pedro de Castañeda's narrative. These document the brutal attempts of the Spanish to force the Indians into submission and the Indian's fierce determination to resist. Dennis Herrick has written this historical novel to present not only Coronado's story but also what could have been the Indian's perspective. The events are historically accurate and the entire story is a worthy read. It has a semi-happy ending: Coronado left in defeat and the Pueblos had another 2 generations before the Spanish returned to stay.
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Published on Books for Keeps - the children's book magazine online (http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk)
Home > The Time Travel Diaries
The Time Travel Diaries
Books Reviewed:
The Time Travel Diaries [1]
Sue Roe [3]
Editors Choice:
BfK Rating:
Caroline Lawrence, author of the best-selling Roman Mysteries series, has combined her detailed knowledge of the Roman period with a considerable storytelling ability to create a gripping new historical adventure. This novel tells the story of 12- year-old Alexander Papas who is recruited by the wildly eccentric billionaire Solomon Daisy to travel back in time to Roman London via a portal accidentally created by the wealthy man’s 'tech guys'. Alex’s task is to find the blue-eyed girl with the ivory knife whose skeleton has been excavated in modern London and with whom Solomon Daisy is obsessed. Alex’s knowledge of Latin and Greek make him suited to the role of time traveller and, having been promised a great deal of money, he finds himself hurtling through a portal located in London’s Mithraeum, travelling back 1800 years into the past. Alex has been told the three rules of time travel, 'Naked you go and naked you must return', 'Drink, don’t eat' and 'As little interaction as possible', but these prove hard to follow in Roman Londinium which is confusing, dirty, smelly, unsanitary, unhealthy and much, much more dangerous than Alex ever expected.
This novel is full of fast-paced action and the tension increases as Alex makes friends and enemies, finds the beautiful blue-eyed girl and is propelled from one dangerous situation to another. The chapters are short and draw the reader on, the sense of place and time and the links between past and present are brilliantly conveyed, facts are skilfully blended into the story and Alex’s narrative voice is witty and self-aware. Readers are not spared the grisly, brutal realities of life in Roman London with its squalor, disease and violence; young readers will learn a great deal, maybe even some Latin, whilst enjoying a satisfying, humorous adventure story. They may be inspired to visit the actual site of the Mithraeum and find out more about the girl with ivory knife.
Caroline Lawrence [4] says that 'our imaginations are the best portals to the past' and she has certainly used her imagination to good effect to bring the world of Roman London vividly to life for present day readers.
Source URL (retrieved on Jul '19): http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk/issue/236/childrens-books/reviews/the-time-travel-diaries
[1] http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk/childrens-books/the-time-travel-diaries
[2] http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk/issue/236
[3] http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk/member/sue-roe
[4] http://w.booksforkeeps.co.uk/issue/218/childrens-books/articles/authorgraph/authorgraph-218-caroline-lawrence
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Shane Filan’s “Back to you” music video: Watch now
Shane Filan has announced a Deluxe Edition of his third solo album “Love always”.
The Deluxe Edition, which is out in May, will add seven tracks to the original 12-track edition, including two new tracks, a special duet with Indonesian pop star Anggun in Lady Antebellum’s hit song “Need you now” and several other tracks live version.
New single is “Back to you”.
About it, Shane said: “Back to you is a song I am very close to. The track is about being on the road the whole time and being separated from those you love. You do it because it’s part of the job but you realise how much you miss the family”.
“We filmed a really cool video in Galway (Ireland) and my daughter Nicole is the star of it. She loves acting and I was lucky enough to give her that first break – she was a natural!” he added.
“Love always” was released in August last year and has so far peaked at number 5 in the UK.
Recently Shane’s ex bandmates are reportedly in talks to reform Westlife for an appearance on South Korean TV show “Immortal song”.
The show has a competition-style format and it features a celebrity guest musician, usually a K-pop singer, and a selection of amateur singers who sing the guest’s songs.
Westlife formed in 1998. Throughout their incredibly successful career, they released ten albums producing 14 number-one singles in the UK.
1. This I Promise You
2. Don’t Dream It’s Over
3. Make You Feel My Love
4. Beautiful In White
5. Need You Now
6. Heaven
7. Completely
8. Unbreakable
9. Eyes Don’t Lie
10. I Can’t Make You Love Me
11. Crazy Over You
12. Eternal Flame
13. Need You Know ft. Anggun
14. Back to You
15. Girl In My Heart
16. Heaven (Live In Glasgow)
17. I Can’t Make You Love Me (Live In London)
18. This I Promise You (Live In Belfast)
19. You Raise Me Up (Live In Dublin)
Shane Filan – This I promise you (new video) Shane Filan releases “Beautiful in white” music video on his birthday Shane Filan arrives in Asia to promote his album “Love always” Anggun – Face au vent (new video)
By allaroundnewmusic|2018-11-03T09:27:29+00:00April 8th, 2018|NEW VIDEOS|0 Comments
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Media - TV, Radio, Web, Film, Print
Comics and Art
TOPIC: The Walking Dead
The Walking Dead 9 years 11 months ago #376299
I love this series. I got volume 1 from my comic store because it was on sale for 50% off and I have been addicted to this series. For those who haven't read it, its a series about a group of people trying to survive after zombies have taken over. What I like about it is that it isn't trying to scare the reader, as the writer says in his intro in volume 1, instead its about the people's struggle to survive and live with each other in a world where death is right around the corner. I really hope everyone has already read this, but if not then I highly recommend it. It's also being turned into a series on AMC, with the director from The Shawshank Redemption and Green Mile and the producer from The Terminator and Aliens working on it.
XBL: Neezie1990PSN: sillycoreSteam: Neezie3DS: 3737-9522-5541
Nut_Man
Seriously overrated.
JohnnyWuFei
The Walking Dead is fantastic. I can't wait to see how they're going to do that as a tv series.
Land Of The Free, Indeed.
I don't think it's necessary, but if they kept it black and white it would be cool.
Now Playing: Mega Turrican - 04 - Stage 1-2
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Tom Chambers
Wilma Laura Kendrick-Mauldin
R.D. Hay Jr.
Doris Hay
Published: 1:19 pm, Mon. Oct. 17th, 2016Updated: 1:18 pm
Graveside services are scheduled for 10 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 20, at Woodbine Cemetery for Doris Hay of Artesia.
Hay, 86, passed away Friday, Oct. 14, 2016, at Artesia General Hospital.
Danny Sons of the Midway Assembly of God Church will officiate at the services.
Doris was born May 25, 1930, in Blackwell, Okla., to John C. and Julia (Fields) Huls.
When she was 14, she married R.D. Hay on June 14, 1944, in Juarez, Mexico. They were longtime Dexter residents before moving to Artesia in 2004.
Doris was a quarter/racehorse trainer with her husband and was one of the first female trainers in Ruidoso Downs. In 1953, she was recognized as the Leading Trainer in Ruidoso. She worked with her husband in that field before retiring in 1986. Doris also enjoyed reading and embroidery work, and loved spending time with her family.
Survivors include her husband, R.D. Hay, of the family home; daughter Carolyn Owens and husband JC of Artesia; son Robert John Hay of Artesia; and six grandchildren, including Sabrina Porte and husband Marvin, and Amanda Platt and husband Howard, both of Dexter.
She was preceded in death by her parents; brothers Richard and Wayne Huls; sister Rosaline Ward; and grandson John Hay.
Arrangements are under the direction of Terpening & Son Mortuary. Condolences may be expressed online at www.artesiafunerals.com.
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ARTPOLIS has initially collected 20 stories of women from Kosovo and the Region who fought against social inequalities in various forms by committing to the empowerment of women’s role in patriarchal societies.
Posted On March 7, 2019 April 26, 2019 In Activistby Arber Matoshi
Jadranka Milicevic is her own heroine. Before the war she had a happy childhood and was surrounded with great love and was able to fulfill some of her childhood dreams. In the first grade, because of success, she won a book called “Partisan Stories”. Jadranka was also a table tennis champion for the city of Sarajevo and at the age of 21 she made the first steps towards her independence. In the 1970s she passed the driving test, which for that time was a privilege for man and let alone for a young women.
The years 1992-1996 were very difficult for her. One year before the start of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, she began to oppose others who spoke in her name, demanding more rights for women as a peaceful activist, saying NO to war and violence. She was forced to leave her destroyed house and find a safe shelter for her family. So, in 1992, she moved to Belgrade as a refugee, living in a small apartment in Zemun with her two little sons and her mother, while her husband remained in Sarajevo.
Staying in the Serbian capital conveyed her with many activities. She joined the “Women in Black” from 1993 to 1996, protesting the crimes committed by Serbia in the region, especially in BiH. During this time, this group was a window to the world offering many opportunities and moments of happiness in a period of crisis and violence. Jadranka remembers how they organized concerts in the camps, theatrical performances, language lessons and photography. From this period, Jadranka mentioned also a book called “I Remember”, which was a compilation of personal experiences from refugee women.
She maintained that every Wednesday they went to Belgrade Square, protesting against the criminal regime that was responsible for the wars.
Jadranka, who found support and peace with her friends at Women in Black, gave her a supporting shoulder to get information and provide help with the SOS phone line for Bosnian victims of sexual violence during the war in Bosnia.
Following the end of the war, she returned to her birth place (Sarajevo), devoting her to the cause of women’s rights and building peace over any nationalist preference. She was one of the founders of two organizations “CURE Foundation” and “Women for Women” and now she works as a project manager at Care International Balkans by leading the program for inclusion of Roma women in the Western Balkans, implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro.
Along with the CURE Foundation, they have carried out many successful initiatives such as: 1. Empowering and involving younger generations in activism and feminism; 2. Involvement and mobilization of women in small communities by advocating for changing conservative and patriarchal policies and adopting conventions: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Prevention and Fighting of Violence Women and Domestic Violence (CAHVIO). 3. Advocacy through the educational system to prevent and counter violence and create safe space for women from the LGBTI community through workshops to resist homophobia and transphobia.
Jadranka won the award “100 heroines of the world”, an award that recognizes the courage and vitality of women in the world. Whereas, in 1998 she won the Peace Prize for her contribution to peace building and promotion of human rights (New York, USA). She was one of the first women to encourage the spread of feminism, in an unknown society, showing that feminism means equality, fairness and equal opportunities between women and men. She was also one of the initiators for the Law on Gender Equality, where BiH was the first state in the region to promulgate it, yet with many problems encountering in its implementation.
Jadranka Milicevic was born in Sarajevo in 1957. Today is the mother of two sons, fellow, sister and widow.
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Women Transcend-Pod
Women transcend!
Women Transcend feminist podcast series investigates issues facing women and girls worldwide, and highlights how incredible women and girls are overcoming them every day in amazing ways! Subscribe to our podcast series to learn about these important issues, and incredible people.
Escalating Ideology of the Alt-Right
Listen to my interview with Dr. Paul Johnson from University of Pittsburgh, an expert in studying right-wing extremism and the Alt-Right. This is a rebroadcast of an earlier episode, which is unfortunately extremely timely right now. Our discussion highlights some fascinating information about the start of the Alt-Right, what their shared ideology is, who supports it, and who has joined.
RECUT: Patriarchy, Parenting, & Boys
This recut of one of our most popular episodes from Season 1 includes additional discussion about the issue of raising boys in a patriarchy. We discuss ways to help boy children understand structural preferences for boys and men, versus girls and women. Children have a natural tendency to identify what they perceive is "fair" and what is "unfair," and how this could be used as a way to start a discussion about gender stereotypes and equality.
RECUT: Body Image, Fat Shaming, & Loving Ourselves
This recut of one of our most popular episodes from Season 1 includes additional discussion about the issue of body image, fat shaming, and the double standard that women and men are held to with regard to appearance and weight. We also discuss how we can protect our girl children from the beauty ideal message perpetuated in the media, and learn to love just who they are.
Reflections on Elections
I discuss the tumultuous and difficult reverberations resulting from the rise in toxic masculinity, and the impact it has had on women, policy and politics with my guest, Amee Vanderpool. Amee is an attorney licensed in Washington, DC and Washington State, a writer, and the Director of the Inanna Project. She is also well known for her significant presence on Twitter as @girlsreallyrule. For more information on The Inanna Project, which advocates for equal protection under the law. Visit www.theinannaproject.org for more information or to find out how you can support their work.
Human Trafficking - Part 2
In this second part of my two part series on human trafficking, I begin with a quick recap of part one through a discussion with my guest co-host, John Philbeck, about highlights from part one. I continue my discussion with Dr. Karrin Anderson, a Professor from Colorado State University and a researcher and activist in human trafficking. We discuss how trafficking perpetrators avoid detection by law enforcement and are able to evade getting caught. We also discuss the steps that activists and astute bystanders can take to get involved in watching for signs of human trafficking, as well as becoming an activist against this horrific crime.
The International Labor Organization estimates that human trafficking is a $150 billion a year industry worldwide. According to the State Department, trafficking is the world’s fastest growing criminal enterprise. And it's an enterprise that is devious, and nimble, and well-funded, and really good at evading law enforcement and hiding in plain sight. It is also probably in your town, your city, maybe even your neighborhood.
In this episode, I speak with Dr. Karrin Anderson about her work and research in the area of human trafficking. We talk about how trafficking has changed, and how we as witnesses have changed our thinking and views of trafficking and of victims over the years. In the first episode of this 2 part series, we discuss what human trafficking is, what it isn't, and popular misconceptions about trafficking.
REBROADCAST: Politics, Aggression, & Women's Malaise
We are off this week for the Independence Day holiday in the US, but we have chosen one of our listener favorites to rebroadcast. We will be back next week with new material, and we look forward to starting some new discussions!
The Great Myth of UN and Family Planning
The goal statement of the UNFPA, or United Nations Population Fund, is: Delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled.
Pretty lofty goals, but who could argue with that? Children who are born safe into families which welcome them. Every child has the ability to live up to their full potential.
And yet, there are plenty of people it seems who do not support this wholesome sounding, idealistic goal. To me it sounds akin to a meatloaf in every oven, a car in every driveway, and a safe pregnancy for every women. But that is not so.
Post-Truth Era and Politics
A writer for The Daily Telegraph summarized that post-truth politics are driven by fabricated rumors. Facts become a negative thing. Facts are too pessimistic or even get painted to be unpatriotic, especially when matched up with unrealistically ideal positive campaigns that promise the impossible. In post-truth politics, the improbable becomes irrelevant. Politics that appeal to emotions, and adhere to persuasive, market-tested talking points are more compelling than fact-based arguments or principles. When political figures are called out on falsehoods, alternative truths, or….lies, there can actually be a backlash effect whereby those supporting the political figure can push back against the elites with their fact-based logic, and dig in and become even more convinced of the alternative truth.
How did we get to this point? Major contributors include the 24 hour news cycle, infotainment, tabloidization of news, and social media and the internet. We are now able to establish our very own echo chambers where we only receive and share information with like-minded individuals. Information can enter the news stream through this echo chamber and truth becomes almost irrelevant as long as it supports your mutual viewpoint
Living in Conflict Zones: Women, Children & Survival
Women and children living in conflict zones are among the most disenfranchised individuals in our world today. They subsist in the midst of violence, chaos, failed states, refugee camps, crumbling systems and destroyed infrastructure. Despite this, every day women try to hold their families together. Feed their children. Care for the young, the elderly, the sick. They give birth, and often they die during childbirth. And they are also victims.
Gender-based violence in conflict zones has become not just a reality, but a tactic of war. Women and children are the most frequent victims because of their status in society, and their gender. Wide scale and systematic rape has been deployed in many conflicts, and survivors are sometimes blamed.
In this episode I have a fascinating discussion with Annie Agle about women and children living in conflict zones, the difficulties they face, and the shocking ways they are victimized by perpetrators as well as their culture sometimes.
Toxic Masculinity & Teen Girls: Slam Poetry Perspective
Lots of women have been hurting since the ugly discourse of the Trump campaign and eventual election, as well as the acceptance by many of the rise of toxic masculinity. We haven't spoken aloud about it very much, but women are feeling trauma. What we have neglected to notice perhaps in our own contemplation and grieving, is whether girls and young women are suffering.
My interview with a young slam poet sheds light on how adolescent women are feeling. As we discuss in this interview, they are not immune to the pain and misogynistic blowback that Donald Trump has set loose in our society. My guest, Dani Miller, a young slam poet, shares her thoughts on this issue, as well as some of her very powerful and moving poetry on our patriarchy. This one is not to be missed!
Crisis Pregnancy Centers and Misinformation
Crisis pregnancy centers, or CPCs, have been around for decades, but in the last decade or so they have become more strategic in their tactics. Many advertise that they provide services to pregnant women, but do not advertise what services they actually provide. They fervently oppose abortion, and tend to use deceitful tactics to engage women on the phone or through an appointment, sharing false medical information about the dangers of having an abortion, and the lack of effectiveness of birth control.
In a time when access to care, lack of health insurance, and the closing of family planning clinics is making for a perfect storm scenario putting up barriers to care for women seeking either contraception or help with a pregnancy, these CPCs are a public health risk for women.
Patriarchy, Elections, and a Continuing Struggle
The outcome of the 2016 Presidential election was a shock to say the least, in particular for women. Women organized and fought for the right to vote in this country starting as far back as 1840. Women didn’t gain the right to vote until the passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution in 1920.
The possibility of a woman rising to the presidency was more than a watershed for women. This accomplishment would have been a validation for every woman, every girl, that yes indeed a woman could serve in this highest office in the country, and not just serve but perform with distinction and grace and competence and strength. It would be a giant marker in history showing that yes, at this time, a woman can be the most powerful. And by proxy, there was the promise that womankind, every woman and girl could be equal and have equal opportunity.
Becoming a Lighthouse: Men & Domestic Violence Prevention
Men are the aggressors in 90% of intimate partner violence cases. Many cases go unreported, and many behaviors that are in fact abusive are not considered when we discuss domestic violence, like emotional abuse. Research tells us that abuse tends to run in families, or get passed down over generations. But we know it doesn't always, and it doesn't have to.
What can we do to prevent men from becoming perpetrators of domestic violence? And what, in particular, can men do? We knew there are certain people in the lives of men and boys, such as coaches, who can be positive influencers in helping them develop healthy and respectful relationships with women.
In my interview for this episode, I talk with one man about his unexpected journey into activism trying to involve men in the fight against intimate partner violence. We discuss the protective factors that can prevent a boy or man from becoming an abuser, as well as things that parents can do to help boys become young men who are able to engage in healthy and respectful relationships.
Not Just Baby Blues: Postpartum Depression
Postpartum depression is a serious health consequence to being a new mother. It is actually a lot more common than you might think. You probably know someone who has suffered from it, most likely quietly. And why? Why did it happen, and why would you not have known about it?
So in this episode we discuss postpartum depression. It’s not baby blues. It’s not just a little bit of hormones and it will pass. It’s not – you’re just too tired and you need to take some “you” time. It’s depression. Serious depression.
March for Science, Truth, and the Tipping Point
Since the election of Donald Trump, and his subsequent inauguration on January 20, 2017, the world has experienced a palpable shift. Things changed that day, and the reverberations have been felt worldwide. I don’t think anyone could have predicted the global response to the election of Trump to the US presidency, and the proceeding events that would take shape.
I attended the March for Science in Washington, DC. Tens of thousands of people who joined this protest to lend their voice against what has effectively been a persistent attack on science, and a broader attack on facts. Like many of the recent protest rallies, the March for Science was held in cities all across the United States, and all across the globe. People, whether scientists or not, added their voices to a call for – enough. Enough.
Environment in the Crosshairs: Interview with Melanie Moore, Union of Concerned Scientists
In my interview with Melanie Moore from the Union of Concerned Scientists, we discuss how the environment is in the crosshairs.
Starting on the campaign trail, Donald Trump made clear his position on environmental protection. He promised to get rid of the EPA “in almost every form”.
Once elected he held those promises. Trump’s proposed budget would slash the EPA by about 31%. Grants to states, as well as its air and water programs, would be cut by 30 percent. The massive Chesapeake Bay cleanup project would virtually be eliminated in the next fiscal year.
The budget proposes the discontinuation of federal funding for the clean up of abandoned industrial sites, the Clean Power Plan, climate change research and international climate change programs. Altogether, it calls for the elimination of more than 50 programs within the agency.
Richard Nixon actually started the EPA back in 1970. It grew out of a conflagration of issues such as the publishing of the book “A Silent Spring” which documented poisoning of the environment with pesticides, rise in what was termed smog in growing cities, and…the moon landing. When astronauts landed on the moon and sent back to earth pictures of the beautiful blue, peaceful and fragile planet, the responsibility for caring for our celestial home became apparent.
Body Image, Fat Shaming, & Loving Ourselves
This episode, I have a powerful discussion with Jennifer Rollin, a therapist who specializes in body image and eating disorders. We take a deep dive into body image and fat shaming. No one will be surprised to hear that the ideal body in our culture is thin. Very thin. And not everyone is very thin. Or even thin. In fact most of us aren’t. So let’s consider the space between the ideal and real. The chasm between what we are, and what the idealized perfect is.
We discuss how fat shaming and the thin ideal have become so acculturated and normalized that it pervades nearly every aspect of women's lives and can seriously undermine our confidence. We discuss how we can break this unhealthy fixation and help our girl children grow up feeling good about themselves.
Women and the Alt-Right
In this fascinating discussion, I talk with Dr. Paul Johnson from University of Pittsburgh about the Alt-Right, their beliefs and ideologies, and a brief history of how they started.
The Alt-Right, is a general umbrella term for a set of right wing ideologies, groups, and individuals whose central belief is that white people, and most particularly white men, are under attack in our society by a system of multi-culturalism, and in their thinking political correctness gone out of control. The foundation of Alt-Right thinking is that white men have been displaced and emasculated by women and minorities, who are NOT equal to white men.
The Alt-Right movement has had significant success attracting social misfits who hear the message that if they are rejected by women, then it is not their fault, but it is the fault of our societal power structures which are systematically undermining the overall success of white men. They are the victims of an emasculating power struggle with women and minorities, which contributes to a bitter resentment toward both.
Lead, Social Justice, & Environmental Racism
The ongoing crisis of contaminated water in Flint, Michigan has contributed to a growing discussion about social justice and environmental racism. Are we tacitly comfortable with environmental degradation in some areas, and not in others? For example, is a crisis of lead contaminated water in Flint acceptable, but unacceptable in Dearborn, Michigan?
This episode covers lead and human health, including the disproportionate impact on pregnant women and children. I discuss with my guest, Ruth Long, the detrimental impact on health, especially for children, and sources of contamination. We also discuss measures you can take to protect yourself and your family from lead exposure, including extraordinary measures our guest had to take to protect her young children.
Our woman in the spotlight is Vandana Shiva, who was a pioneer in eco-feminism.
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Ultrastructural morphology of the mammary gland with observations on the size distribution of fat droplets in milk of the Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddelli (Pinnipedia)
Planned publication
Tedman, R. A.
Distribution ; Fat ; Gland ; Leptonychotes weddellii ; Mammary gland ; Milk ; Morphology ; Observations ; Pinnipedia ; Seal ; Size
Journal of Zoology, Lond.
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Copyright-protected material. Access only on terminals at the Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, may be used within the limits of statutory user freedoms.
Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences
European Union. European Regional Development Fund
Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes > Mammal Research Institute > Serials
Journal of Zoology
Reingestion in the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)
On the life span of the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.)
The abundance and distribution of harvest mice (Micromys minutus) in corn ricks near Oxford
Remarks on the pelage of the sommon shrew (Sorex araneus L.)
The longevity and fertility of the Orkney vole, Microtus orcadensis , as observed in the laboratory
Variation in the maxillary nerve of certain mammals
Some variations in the maxillary nerve of Primates
The infraorbital foramen in the Hominoidea
The yolk-sac of the mole Talpa europaea
Records of british mammals
Observations of the movements of moles (Talpa europaea L.) after weaning
Population characteristics of house mice living in English corn ricks: density relationships
Geographical variation and polymorphism in Chlorophoneus shirkes
Protean displays: a form of allaesthetic behaviour
The skin and nuchal eminence of the white rhinoceros
Studies on the parasitic protozxoa of wild mice from Berkshire with a description of a new species of Trichomonas
The numbers of exhibits, births and deaths in the menagerie at Regent's Park: 1835-1957, and in Whipsnade Park: 1931-1957
Studies of the differences between the fauna of grazed and ungrazed grassland in Tiree, Argyll
Ashby, K. R., 1967, Studies of the ecology of field mice and voles (Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus agrestis)
Groves, C. P., 1967, The taxonomy of the gazelles (genus Gazella)
Diet, longevity and dental disease in the Sierra Leone chimpanzee
Liat, L. B., 1967, Note on the food habits of Ptilocercus lowii Gray (Pentail tree-shrew) and Echinosorex gymnurus (Raffles) (Moonrat) in Malaya with remarks on "ecological labelling"
Blood studies on the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus
Measurements of foxes from Scotland and England
Grimm, R. J., 1967, Catalogue of sounds of the Pigtailed macaque
Boyd, J. M., 1959, Observations on the St. Kilda field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis Barrett-Hamilton
Hewer, H. R., 1959, Field identification of bulls and cows of the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus Fab
Fiennes, R. N. T., 1960, Studies of a nutritional disease (Osteodystrophia fibrosa) of young lions associated with changes of the skeleton and symptoms of muscular weakness
Fiennes, R. N. T., 1960, Tuberculosis of a puma cub (Felis concolor) accompanied by skeletal deformities resembling rickets
Corbet, P. S., 1960, The food of a sample of crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus L.) from lake Victoria
Ansell, W. F. H., 1960, The African striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha (Gray)
1960, Notes on british mammals
Calaby, J. H., 1960, Observations on the banded ant-eater Myrmecobius f. fasciatus Waterhouse (Marsupialia), with particular reference to its food habits
Rowell, T. E., 1960, On the retrieving of young and other behaviour in lactating golden hamsters
Rigg, K. J., 1960, Degenerative arterial disease of animals in captivity with special reference to the comparative pathology of atherosclerosis
Buechner, H. K., 1960, The immobilization of African animals in the field, with special reference to their transfer to other areas (U.S. translocation)
Ansell, W. F. H., 1960, The breeding of some larger mammals in Northern Rhodesia
Hewer, H. R., 1960, A preliminary account of a colony of grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Fab.) in the southern inner Hebrides
Berry, R. J., 1967, The relationships and ecology of Apodemus sylvaticus from the Small Isles of the Inner Hebride
Delany, M. J., 1967, Variation in the Long-tailed field-mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in south-west England
Moore, W. J., 1967, Muscular function and skull growth in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Krohn, P. L., 1960, The duration of pregnancy in rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta
Barnett, S. A., 1960, Social behaviour among tame rats and among wild-white hybrids
Sikes, S. K., 1967, Notes on the adrenal of the African elephant
Bohlken, H., 1960, Remarks on the stomach and the systematic position of the Tylopoda
Marshall, A. J., 1960, The breeding biology of equatorial vertebrates: reproduction on the lizard Agama agama lionotus Boulenger at lat. 0° 01'N
Butler, H., 1967, The giant cell trophoblast of the Senegal galago (Galago senegalensis senegalensis) and its bearing on the evolution of the Primate placenta
Cranbrook, the E. of, 1959, The feeding habits of the water shrew, Neomys fodiens bicolor Shaw, in captivity and the effect of its attack upon its prey
Lowe, V. P. W., 1967, Teeth as indicators of age with special reference to Red deer (Cervus elaphus) of known age from Rhum
Harrison, J. L., 1959, Defaecation in the flying lemur Cynocephalus variegatus
Leitch, I., 1959, The maternal and neonatal weights of some mammalia
Chapman, B. M., 1959, The growth and breeding of the multimammate rat, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis (Smith) in Tanganyika territory
Venables, U. M., 1959, Vernal coition of the seal Phoca vitulina in Shetland
Cave, A. J. E., 1959, Pneumatic osteolysis in the elephant skull
Marshall, A. J., 1959, The breeding biology of equatorial vertebrates: reproduction of the bat Chaerephon hindei Thomas at latitude O° 26' N
Inglis, W. G., 1961, The oxyurid parasites (Nematoda) of primates
Bowden, R. E. M., 1960, Communications between the facial and trigeminal nerves in certain mammals
Scheffer, V. B., 1960, Dentition of the ribbon seal
1960, Notes and abstracts
Napier, J. R., 1960, Studies of the hands of living primates
Hickman, V. V., 1960, Notes on the habits of the Tasmanian dormouse phalangers Cercaertus nanus (Desmarest) and Eudromicia lepida (Thomas)
Delany, M. J., 1960, The systematics, life history and evolution of the bank-vole Clethrionomys Tilesius in north-west Scotland
Ryder, M. L., 1960, A study of the coat of the mouflon Ovis musimon with special reference to seasonal change
Craggs, J. D., 1960, Observations on the seals of the (Welsh) dee estuary
Butler, H., 1960, Some notes on the breeding cycle of the senegal galago Galago senegalensis senegalensis in the Sudan
Loveridge, A., 1959, On a fourth collection of reptiles, mostly taken in Tanganyika territory by Mr C. J. P. Lonides
Lyne, A. G., 1959, The systematic and adaptive significance of the vibrissae in the Marsupialia
Spinage, C. A., 1959, An apparent case of precocious tusk growth in a young African elephant
Cave, A. J. E., 1959, The nasal fossa of a foetal gorilla
Williamson, G. R., 1959, Three unusual rorqual whales from the Antarctic
Backhouse, K. M., 1961, The mechanism of wave riding in porpoises
Cave, A. J. E., 1961, The retrolingual gland of the elephant
Hayman, R. W., The red goral of the north-east frontier region
Bowden, R. E. M., 1961, Comparative studies of the nerve supply of the larynx in eutherian mammals
Cave, A. J. E., 1961, The frontal sinus of the gorilla
Delany, M. J., 1961, Observations on the ecology and life history of the fair isle field-mouse Apodemus sylvaticus fridariensis (Kinnear)
Tong, E. H., 1961, An outbreak of Malignant Catarrh among the Père David Deer
Coe, M. J., 1967, "Necking" behaviour in the giraffe
Pegram, R. G., 1967, Serum iron and total iron binding capacity in feral and domesticated Soay sheep
Flux, J. E. C., 1966, Occurrence of a white wrist band on hares in New Zealand
Lewis, R. E., 1967, A review of Lebanese mammals. Lagomorpha and Rodentia
Bowra, G. T., 1966, Rectal temperature of the husky under severe winter conditions in the Antarctic
Happold, D. C. D., 1966, The mammals of Jebel Marra, Sudan
Hall, K. R. L., 1965, Ecology and behaviour of the vervet monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops, Lolui Island, Lake Victoria
1965, Notes on british mammals - No. 13
Happold, D. C. D., 1967, Biology of the jerboa, Jaculus jaculus butleri (Rodentia, Dipodidae), in the Sudan
Stoddart, D. M., 1967, A note on the food of the Norway lemming
Butler, H., 1967, The oestrus cycle of the Senegal bush baby (Galago senegalensis senegalensis) in the Sudan
Sneath, P. H. A., 1967, Trend-surface analysis of transformation grids
Harrison, D. L., 1967, Observations on a Wild goat, Capra aegagrus (Artiodactyla : Bovidae) from Oman, E. Arabia
Smith, E. A., 1966, Nomenclature for seal research in Britain
Gregory, M. E., 1965, Changes during lactation in the composition of the milk of the African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
Twigg, G. I., 1965, Studies on Holochilus sciureus berbicensis, a cricetine rodent from the coastal region of British Guiana
Churcher, C. S., 1965, Camelid material of the genus Palaeolama gervais from the Talara Tar-seeps, Peru, with a description of a new subgenus, Astylolama
Ashton, E. H., 1965, Scapular shape and primate classification
Hill, J. E., 1961, Fruit-bats from the federation of Malaya
Delany, M. J., 1961, The ecological distribution of small mammals in north-west Scotland
Sharman, G. B., 1961, The embryonic membranes and placentation in five genera of diprotodont marsupials
Hayward, A. F., 1961, Some observations on the medial lobules of the ears of the long-eared bat Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus)
Lewis, O. J., 1962, The phylogeny of the crural and pedal flexor musculature
Hinde, R. A., 1962, Communication by postures and facial expressions in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Robertson-Bullock, W., 1962, The weight of the African elephant Loxodonta africana
Rowell, T. E., 1962, Vocal communication by the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Boyd, J. M., 1962, Seasonal occurrence and movements of seals in north-west Britain
Lewis, R. E., 1962, Notes on bats from Republic of Lebanon
Wilson, V. J., 1962, Observations on the common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia Linn., based on material collected from a tsetse control game elimination scheme
Coe, M. J., 1962, Notes on the habits of the Mount Kenya hyrax (Procavia johnstoni mackinderi Thomas)
Allbrook, D., 1962, The morphology of the subdermal glands of Hippopotamus amphibius
Hill, J. E., 1962, Notes on some insectivores and bats from upper Burma
Hall, K. R. L., 1962, The sexual, agonistic and derived social behaviour patterns of the wild chacma baboon, Papio ursinus
Boyd, J. M., 1962, Observations on the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) at North Rona in 1960
Harrison, D. L., 1962, A new subspecies of the noctule nat (Nyctalus noctula Schreber 1774) from Lebanon
Hall, K. R. L., 1962, Numerical data, maintenance activities and locomotion of the wild chacma baboon, Papio ursinus
Aschaffenburg, R., 1962, The composition of the milk of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata)
Hewson, R., 1962, Food and feeding habits of the mountain hare Lepus timidus scoticus , Hilzheimer
Graham-Jones, O., 1962, Pregnancy and parturition in a Bornean orang
Morris, D., 1962, The behaviour of the green acouchi (Myoprocta pratti) with special reference to scatter hoarding
Cave, A. J. E., 1962, The pedal scent gland in Rhinoceros
Cave, A. J. E., 1962, Burchell's original specimens of Rhinoceros simus
Senior, M., 1963, Parturition in a Hippopotamus
Fullagar, P. J., 1963, The skomer vole (Clethrionomys glareolus skomerensis) and long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) on Skomer Island, Pembrokeshire in 1960
Matheson, C., 1963, The distribution of the red polecat in Wales
Boyd, J. M., 1963, Home range and homing experiments with the St. Kilda field-mouse
Southern, H. N., 1963, Notes on breeding of small mammals in Uganda and Kenya
Crawcroft, P., 1963, Social organization and territorial behaviour in the wild house mouse (Mus musculus L.)
Brand, D. J., 1963, Records of mammals bred in the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa during the period 1908 to 1960
Kay, L., 1963, Ultrasonic emissions of the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bech.)
O'Donoghue, P. N., 1963, Reproduction in the female hyrax (Dendrohyrax arborea ruwenzorii)
Dimelow, E. J., 1963, The behaviour of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) in the routine of life in captivity
Dimelow, E. J., 1963, Observations on the feeding of the hedgehog (Ericaceus europaeus L.)
Lyall-Watson, M., 1963, A critical re-examination of food "washing" behaviour in the raccoon (Procyon lotor Linn.)
Bishop, I. R., 1963, Life histories of small mammals in the Channel Islands in 1960-61
Boyd, J. M., 1963, The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus Fab.) in the Outer Hebrides in October 1961
Hewson, R., 1963, Moults and pelages in the brown hare Lepus europaeus occidentalis de winton
Shield, J. W., 1963, Population aspects of delayed birth in the quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
Bannister, J. L., 1963, An intersexual fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (L.) from South Georgia
Watson, A., 1963, The effect of climate on the colour changes of mountain hares in Scotland
O'Gorman, F., 1963, Observations on terrestrial locomotion in Antarctic seals
Sharman, G. B., 1964, The life history and reproduction of the red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa)
Ashton, E. H., 1964, Functional adaptations in the primate shoulder girdle
Cave, A. J. E., 1964, The thymus gland in three genera of Rhinoceros
Spaul, E. A., 1964, Deformity in the lower jaw of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon)
Crompton, A. W., 1964, A preliminary description of a new mammal from the Upper Triassic of South Africa
Stephenson, N. G., 1964, On fossil giant wombats and the identity of Sceparnodon ramsayi
Delany, M. J., 1964, A study of the ecology and breeding of small mammals in Uganda
Hewer, H. R., 1964, The determination of age, sexual maturity, longevity and a life-table in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Dunnet, G. M., 1964, A field study of local populations of the brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula in eastern Australia
Scheffer, V. B., 1964, Estimating abundance of pelage fibres on fur seal skin
Brown, J. C., 1964, Observations on the elephant shrews (Macroscelididae) of equatorial Africa
Corbet, G. B., 1964, Regional variation in the bank-vole Clethrionomys glareolus in the British isles
Cave, A. J. E., 1964, Craniometric sex determination in the colobus skull
Palmer, E., 1964, The relationship between structure, innervation and function of the skin of the bottle nose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1964, The processus glandis in the Rhinocerotidae
Hinde, R. A., 1964, Behaviour of socially living rhesus monkeys in their first six months
Lewis, R. E., 1965, On a collection of mammals from northern Saudi Arabia
Bertmar, G., 1965, On the development of the jugular and cerebral veins in fishes
Corbet, G. B., 1965, The specific characters of the crested porcupines, subgenus Hystrix
Sprinz, R., 1965, A note on the mandibular intra-articular disc in the joints of marsupialia and monotremata
Davis, D. H. S., 1965, The affinities of the south African gerbils of the genus Tatera: corrections and notes
Liat, L. B., 1965, The Malayan whiskered flying squirrel Petinomys genibarbis malaccanus
Rae, B. B., 1965, The food of the Common porpoise (Phocaena phocaena)
Moore, W. J., 1965, Masticatory function and skull growth
Jewell, P. A., 1965, The use of the muscle relaxant suxethonium to immobilize captive animals with the projectile-syringe rifle
Jewell, P. A., 1965, A trial with the projectile-syringe rifle to capture wild red deer on Rhum
Hill, J. P., 1965, On the placentation of Tupaia
Cave, A. J. E., 1965, Traumatic deformity of hippopotamus tusks
Hanney, P., 1965, The Muridae of Malawi (Africa: Nyasaland)
Hall-Craggs, E. C. B., 1965, An analysis of the jump of the Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis)
Rood, J. P., 1965, Observations on the life cycle and variation of the long-tailed field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus on the Isles of Scilly and Cornwall
Anand Kumar, T. C., 1965, Reproduction in the rat-tailed bat Rhinopoma kinneari
Clegg, T. M., 1965, Albinism of the tail-tip in the house mouse (Mus musculus Linn.)
Southern, H. N., 1965, The trap-line index to small mammal populations
East, K., 1965, Notes on the opening of hazel nuts (Corylus avellana) by mice and voles
Fullagar, P. J., 1965, Marking small rodents and the difficulties of using leg rings
Douglas, M. J. W., 1965, Notes on the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) near Braemar, Scotland
East, K., 1965, Further observations on weasels (Mustela nivalis) and stoats (Mustela erminea) born in captivity
Ashton, E. H., 1965, The combination of locomotor features of the primate shoulder girdle by canonical analysis
Hall, K. R. L., 1965, Behaviour and ecology of the wild Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas , in Uganda
Lim, B. L., 1966, Land molluscs as food of Malayan rodents and insectivores
Groves, C. P., 1966, Skulls and skeletons of Gorilla in British collections
Ryan, R. M., 1966, Observations on the broad-nosed bat, Scoteinus balstoni , in Victoria
Rudge, A. J. B., 1966, Catching and keeping live moles
Holmes, R. L., 1966, The pituitary gland of the mole in relation to that of other insectivores
Raw, F., 1966, The soil fauna as a food source for moles
Morris, P., 1966, The mole as a surface dweller
Yalden, D. W., 1966, The anatomy of mole locomotion
Cranbrook, E. of, 1966, Notes on the relationship between the burrowing capacity, size and shoulder anatomy of some eastern Asiatic moles
Graziadei, P., 1966, Electron microscopic observations of the olfactory mucosa of the mole
Lund, R. D., 1966, The central visual pathways and their functional significance in the mole (Talpa europaea)
Crawford, B. H., 1966, Perception underground: Review of physical aspects and measurements
Quilliam, T. A., 1966, The mole's sensory apparatus
Mellanby, K., 1966, Mole activity in woodlands, fens and other habitats
Sikes, S. K., 1966, The African elephant, Loxodonta africana : a field method for the estimation of age
Rowell, T. E., 1966, Forest living baboons in Uganda
Stebbings, R. E., 1966, A population study of bats of the Genus Plecotus
Moynihan, M., 1966, Communication in the Titi monkey, Callicebus
Smyth, M., 1965, Harvest mites on bank voles that have lost a leg
Cotton, M. J., 1967, Observations on temperature conditions in vole nests
Milner, C., 1967, Badger damage to upland pasture
Shaw, M. W., 1967, The use of insulating covers for Longworth traps
Corke, D., 1967, The deaths of small mammals in live-traps
Fairley, J. S., 1967, Wood mice in grassland at Dundrum, County Down, Northern Ireland
English, M. P., 1967, Ringworm in wild mammals
Lewis, J. W., 1967, Observations on the skull of Mustelidae infected with the nematode, Skrjabingylus nasicola
Smith, J. S. B., 1967, Behaviour of a hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus
Brown, J. C., 1967, The rapid cleaning of bones in quantity
Corbet, G. B., 1967, The pygmy moles of Europe and Japan
Ransome, R. D., 1968, The distribution of the Greater horse-shoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum , during hibernation, in relation to environmental factors
Hiiemäe,K.M, 1968, A cinefluorographic study of mandibular movement during feeding in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Hewson, R., 1968, Weights and growth rates in the Mountain hare Lepus timidus scoticus
Lewis, J. W., 1968, Studies on the helminth parasites of voles and shrews from Wales
Barnett, S. A., 1968, Influence of females on conflict among wild rats
Watson, J. S., 1950, Some observations on the reproduction of Rattus rattus L
McDougall, E. I., 1968, Transferrin polymorphism and serum proteins of some British deer
Chapman, D. I., 1968, Pregnancy in a Sika deer calf, Cervus nippon
Fogden, S. C. L., 1968, Suckling behaviour in the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)
Thurston, J. P., 1968, The frequency distribution of Oculotrema hippopotami (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) on Hippopotamus amphibius
Lewis, R. E., 1968, A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla
Chaplin, R. E., 1968, The occurrence of upper canine teeth in Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from England and Scotland
Lloyd, J. R., 1968, Factors affecting the emergence times of the badger (Meles meles) in Britain
Stebbings, R. E., 1968, Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteini) in Dorset 1966-67
Eldridge, M. J., 1968, Some observations on Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus using the method of live trapping
Morris, P. A., 1968, Apparent hypothermia in the Wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Walton, K. C., 1968, The distribution of the polecat, Putorius putorius in Great Britain, 1963-67
Lloyd, H. G., 1968, Observations on nut selection by a hand-reared Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Brown, J. C., 1968, Hip dislocation in feral mink
Taylor, J. C., 1968, The use of marking points by Grey squirrels
Berry, R. J., 1968, Age and eye lens weight in the House mouse
Shield, J., 1968, Reproduction of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus , in captivity
Berkovitz, B. K. B., 1968, Supernumerary deciduous incisors and the order of eruption of the incisor teeth in the albino ferret
Cave, A. J. E., 1968, The hyoid arch of Solenodon cubanus
Rowell, T. E., 1968, The social development of baboons in their first three months
Day, M. G., 1968, Food habits of British stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (Mustela nivalis)
Dagg, A. I., 1968, Fast gaits of pecoran species
Foster, J. B., 1968, The biomass of game animals in Nairobi National Park, 1960-66
Hewer, H. R., 1968, Embryology and foetal growth of the Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus
Stebbings, R. E., 1968, Measurements, composition and behaviour of a large colony of the bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Mead, R. A., 1968, Reproduction in eastern forms of the Spotted skunk (genus Spilogale )
Ashton, E. H., 1968, The effect of gluteal muscle ablation on the pelvis of the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1968, Mammalian olecranon epiphyses
Glover, T. D., 1968, The reproductive system of male rock hyrax ( Procavia and Heterohyrax )
Godfrey, G. K., 1968, Body-temperatures and torpor in Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. larapinta (Marsupialia - Dasyuridae)
Jefferies, D. J., 1968, Population fluctuations of stoats, weasels and hedgehogs in recent years
Bailey, G. N. A., 1968, Trap-shyness in a woodland population of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus)
Lloyd, H. G., 1968, Observations on breeding in the Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) during the first pregnancy of the season
Rowe, F. P., 1968, Further records of free-living Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Stebbings, R. E., 1968, Longevity of vespertilionid bats in Britain
Delap, P., 1968, Observations on deer in north-west England
Walton, K. C., 1968, The baculum as an age indicator in the polecat Putorius putorius
Lewis, J. W., 1968, A method for collecting faecal samples from small mammals over a continuous period
Lloyd, H. G., 1968, Some observations on the breeding burrows of the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus on the island of Skokholm
Bland, K. P., 1969, Reproduction in the female Indian gerbil (Tatera indica)
Higham, C. F. W., 1969, The metrical attributes of two samples of bovine limb bones
Gilmore, D. P., 1969, Seasonal reproductive periodicity in the male Australian Brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Chaplin, R. E., 1969, The use of tooth eruption and wear, body weight and antler characteristics in the age estimation of male wild and park Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Happold, D. C. D., 1969, The mammalian fauna of some jebels in the northern Sudan
Delany, M. J., 1969, Variation in the skull of the Long-tailed field-mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus in mainland Britain
Marlow, B. J., 1969, A comparison of the locomotion of two desert-living Australian mammals, Antechinomys spenceri (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) and Notomys cervinus (Rodentia: Muridae)
Kleiman, D. G., 1969, Maternal care, growth rate, and development in the noctule (Nyctalus noctula), pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), and serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) bats
Cave, A. J. E., 1969, Hairs and vibrissae in the Rhinocerotidae
Rahaman, H., 1969, The home range, roosting places, and the day ranges of the Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata)
Hinchcliffe, R., 1969, Variations in the middle ear of the Mammalia
Lawrence, M. J., 1969, Some observations on non-volant locomotion in vespertilionid bats
Ross, J. G., 1969, Studies of disease in the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
Fraser, F. C., 1969, Congenital jugal bipartism in mysticetes
Moor, P. P., 1969, Seasonal variation in local distribution, age classes and population density of the gerbil Tatera brantsi on the South African highveld
Armstrong N., 1969, Observations on the reproduction of female wild and park Fallow deer (Dama dama) in southern England
Coutts, R. R., 1969, The reproductive cycle of the Skomer vole (Clethrionomys glareolus skomerensis)
Jefferies, D. J., 1969, Causes of badger mortality in eastern counties of England
Weir, J. S., 1969, Chemical properties and occurrence on Kalahari sand of salt licks created by elephants
Rae, B. B., 1969, Twin seals in Scotland
Berry, R. J., 1969, Competition and extinction: the mice of Foula, with notes on those of Fair Isle and St Kilda
Neal, B. R., 1969, An analysis of the selection of small African mammals by two break-back traps
Ashby, K. R., 1969, Observations on the distribution and activity of Water voles (Arvicola amphibius amphibius) in Old Durham Beck, Durham
Cooper, A. B., 1969, Golden eagle kills Red deer calf
Corke, D., 1969, Notes on the distribution and abundance of small mammals in south-west Ireland
Dunwell, M. R., 1969, The distribution of badger sets in relation to the geology of the Chilterns
Eldridge, M. J., 1969, Observations on food eaten by Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in a hedge
Stoddart, D. M., 1969, The frequency of unusual albinism in water vole populations
Taylor, K. D., 1969, An anomalous freeze-branding result in a rat
Woodford, M. H., 1969, A case of exudative pleurisy in a wild fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Meese, G. B., 1969, Radio-active tracking of the mole (Talpa europaea) over a 24-hour period
Griffiths, M., 1969, The mammary gland of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus , with observations on the incubation of the egg and on the newly-hatched young
Corbet, G. B., 1969, The taxonomic status of the Pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis , from the Niger Delta
Buckland-Wright, J. C., 1969, Craniological observations on Hyaena and Crocuta (Mammalia)
Short, R. V., 1969, Notes on the teeth and ovaries of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) of known age
Kemp, T. S., 1969, The atlas-axis complex of the mammal-like reptiles
Berry, R. J., 1969, History in the evolution of Apodemus sylvaticus (Mammalia) at one edge of its range
Vilmann, H., 1969, The growth of the cranial base in the albino rat revealed by roentgenocephalometry
Spinage, C. A., 1969, Territoriality and social organization of the Uganda defassa waterbuck Kobus defassa ugandae
Bailey, G. N. A., 1969, A device for tracking small mammals
Chapman, D. I., 1969, The use of sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO3.4H2O) in the preparation of mammalian skeletons
Chapman, D. I., 1969, Unilateral implantation in muntjac deer
English, M. P., 1969, Ringworm in wild mammals: further investigations
Fairley, J. S., 1969, Survival of fox (Vulpes vulpes) cubs in Northern Ireland
Fairley, J. S., 1969, Tagging studies of the Red fox Vulpes vulpes in north-east Ireland
Hewson, R., 1969, Couch building by otters Lutra lutra
Springthorpe, G., 1969, Long haired Fallow deer at Mortimer Forest
Stoddart, D. M., 1969, Daily activity cycle of the Water vole (Arvicola terrestris)
Brown, J. C., 1969, Studies on the pelvis in British Muridae and Cricetidae (Rodentia)
Barnett, C. H., 1970, Talocalcaneal movements in mammals
Burns, J. J., 1970, Comparative morphology of the skull of the Ribbon seal, Histriophoca fasciata , with remarks on systematics of Phocidae
Cameron, A. W., 1970, Seasonal movements and diurnal activity rhythms of the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1970, Observations on the monotreme interclavicle
Clutton-Brock, J., 1970, The fossil fauna from an Upper Pleistocene site in Jordan
Corbet, G. B., 1970, Vagrant bats in Shetland and the North Sea
Corbet, G. B., 1970, The taxonomic status of British Water voles, genus Arvicola
Crawley, M. C., 1970, Some population dynamics of the Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus and the Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus in mixed woodland
Fairley, J. S., 1970, Foetal number and resorption in Wood mice from Ireland
Fairley, J. S., 1970, The distribution of the Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus in South-west Ireland
Fisher, H. D., 1970, Reproduction in the Common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) of the North Atlantic
Flux, J. E. C., 1970, Life history of the Mountain hare (Lepus timidus scoticus) in north-east Scotland
Flux, J. E. C., 1970, Colour change of Mountain hares (Lepus timidus scoticus) in north-east Scotland
Ghobrial, L. I., 1970, A comparative study of the integument of the camel, Dorcas gazelle and jerboa in relation to desert life
Groves, C. P., 1970, Population systematics of the gorilla
Happold, D. C. D., 1970, Reproduction and development of the Sudanese jerboa, Jaculus jaculus butleri (Rodentia, Dipodidae)
Harrison, R. J., 1970, The oesophagus and stomach of dolphins (Tursiops, Delphinus, Stenella)
Hutchison, M., 1970, Artificial rearing of some East African antelopes
Hutchison, M., 1970, Observations on the growth rate and development of some East African antelopes
Medway, L., 1970, Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.)
Milner, C., 1970, Factors affecting the distribution of the mole (Talpa europaea) in Snowdonia (North Wales)
Morris, B., 1970, The absorption of antibody by the duodenum and jejunum in young rats
Morris, B., 1970, Serum proteins in young hedgehogs
Morris, P. A., 1970, A method for determining absolute age in the hedgehog
Norman, F. I., 1970, Food preferences of an insular population of Rattus rattus
Okon, E. E., 1970, The effect of environmental temperature on the production of ultrasounds by isolated non-handled albino mouse pups
Okon, E. E., 1970, The ultrasonic responses of albino mouse pups to tactile stimuli
Pennycuick, C. J., 1970, A method of identifying individual lions Panthera leo with an analysis of the reliability of identification
Pye, A., 1970, The structure of the cochlea in Chiroptera. A selection of Microchiroptera from Africa
Ryder, M. L., 1970, Structure and seasonal change of the coat in Scottish wild goats
Scruton, D. M., 1970, The menstrual cycle and its effect on behaviour in the Talapoin monkey (Miopithecus talapoin)
Stebbings, R. E., 1970, A bat new to Britain, Pipistrellus nathusii , with notes on its identification and distribution in Europe
Struhsaker, T. T., 1970, Observations on the behaviour and ecology of the Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in the Waza Reserve, Cameroon
Tartour, G., 1970, Serum iron and serum iron-binding capacity in the Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius)
Van den Bergh, H. K., 1970, A note on eyelashes in an African black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis
Watts, C. H. S., 1970, Long distance movement of Bank voles and Wood mice
Allanson, M., 1971, Observations on the pituitary gland of some members of the suborder Suiformes (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Ashton, E. H., 1971, The functional and classificatory significance of combined metrical features of the primate shoulder girdle
Barnett, S. A., 1971, Total reproductive performance of captive house mice at two temperatures
Boyd, J. M., 1971, The Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) at North Rona, 1959 to 1968
Cameron, A. W., 1971, Territorial behaviour in the Western Atlantic Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Dott, H. M., 1971, The collection and examination of semen of the Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Duncan, P., 1971, On the ecology and distribution of subterranean insectivores in Kenya
Fogden, S. C. L., 1971, Mother-young behaviour at Grey seal breeding beaches
Harrison, R. J., 1971, Gonadal activity in some Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Hyvärinen, H., 1971, Effects of age and seasonal rhythm on the growth patterns of some small mammals in Finland and in Kirkenes, Norway
Jarvis, J. U. M., 1971, Burrowing and burrow patterns of East African mole-rats Tachyoryctes , Heliophobius and Heterocephalus
Jenkins, F. A., Jr., 1971, Limb posture and locomotion in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and in other non-cursorial mammals
Keymer, I. F., 1971, Blood protozoa of insectivores, bats and primates in Central Africa
Lincoln, G. A., 1971, The seasonal reproductive changes in the Red deer stag (Cervus elaphus)
Machin, D., 1971, A multivariate study of the external measurements of the Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Medway, L., 1971, Observations of social and reproductive biology of the bent-winged bat Miniopterus australis in northern Borneo
Meese, G. B., 1971, Some aspects of energy balance in the Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus
Okon, E. E., 1971, The temperature relations of vocalization in infant Golden hamsters and Wistar rats
Ransome, R. D., 1971, The effect of ambient temperature on the arousal frequency of the hibernating Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum , in relation to site selection and the hibernation state
Spinage, C. A., 1971, Geratodontology and horn growth of the impala (Aepyceros melampus)
Weir, B. J., 1971, Some notes on reproduction in the Patagonian Mountain viscacha, Lagidium boxi (Mammalia: Rodentia)
Wilson, D. E., 1971, Ecology of Myotis nigricans (Mammalia: Chiroptera) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
Windsor, D. E., 1971, The gaits of the Macropodinae (Marsupialia)
Briggs, K. T., 1972, Barnacle orientation and water flow characteristics in California Grey whales
Bryden, M. M., 1972, Body size and composition of elephant seals (Mirounga leonina): absolute measurements and estimates from bone dimensions
Buckland-Wright, J. C., 1972, Radiographic and histological examination of the femur of the fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1972, Palpebral vibrissae in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicermocerus sumatrensis)
Day, M. G., 1972, Notes on the food of feral mink Mustela vison in England and Wales
Erkinaro, E., 1972, Phase shift of locomotory activity in a Birch mouse, Sicista betulina, before hibernation
Gartlan, J. S., 1972, Polyspecific associations and niche separation of rain-forest anthropoids in Cameroon, West Africa
George, W., 1972, Chromosome studies in some members of the family Caviidae (Mammalia: Rodentia)
Greenhall, A. M., 1972, The biting and feeding habits of the Vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus
Griffiths, M., 1972, The mammary glands of the Red kangaroo with observations on the fatty acid components of the milk triglycerides
Hewson, R., 1972, Changes in the number of stoats, rats and little owls in Yorkshire as shown by tunnel trapping
Hyvärinen, H., 1972, Seasonal changes in the copper content of the liver of the Common shrew, Sorex araneus over a two-year period
Jarman, P. J., 1972, The development of a dermal shield in impala
Jones, C., 1972, Comparative ecology of three pteropid bats in Rio Muni, West Africa
Kruuk, H., 1972, Surplus killing by carnivores
Lewis, J. W., 1972, A study of the internal parasites of small rodents from woodland areas in Surrey
Lewis, W. H. P., 1972, Genetically determined polymorphism of two peptidases in the Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys talarum talarum)
Lowe, V. P. W., 1972, Variation in mandible length and body weight of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Medway, L., 1972, Roosting associations of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Malaysia
Norris, M. L., 1972, The growth of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus , from birth to maturity
Okon, E. E., 1972, Factors affecting ultrasound production in infant rodents
Paget, R. J., 1972, A case of osteomyelitis in the skull of a badger (Meles meles)
Poole, T. B., 1972, Some behavioural differences between the European polecat, Mustela putorius , the ferret, M. furo , and their hybrids
Reig, O. A., 1972, Sparassocynus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae), a peculiar mammal from the late Cenozoic of Argentina
Robbins, C. S., 1972, A field activity recorder for use with the larger mammals
Roberts, L. H., 1972, Variable resonance in constant frequency bats
Roberts, L. H., 1972, Correlation of respiration and ultrasound production in rodents and bats
Sales, G. D., 1972, Ultrasound and mating behaviour in rodents with some observations on other behavioural situations
Shield, J., 1972, Acclimation and energy metabolism of the dingo, Canis dingo and the coyote, Canis latrans
Smith, J. C., 1972, Sound production by infant Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Myomorpha)
Stoddart, D. R., 1972, Pinnipeds or sierenians at western Indian Ocean Islands?
Trigg, M. J., 1972, Hair growth in mouse mutants affecting coat texture
Williamson, G. R., 1972, The true body shape of rorqual whales
Bland, K. P., 1973, Reproduction in the female African tree rat (Grammomys surdaster)
Cooper, J. E., 1973, Pasteurellosis in a wild Kenyan rodent, Praomys natalensis
Dansie, O., 1973, Paraurethral glands in Reeves muntjac deer, Muntiacus reevesii
Dott, H. M., 1973, Artificial insemination of Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Flowerdew, J. R., 1973, A new method for recording the activity of small mammals in the field
Frazer, J. F. D., 1973, Specific foetal growth rates of cetaceans
Griffiths, M., 1973, Observations of the comparative anatomy and ultrastructure of mammary glands and on the fatty acids of the triglycerides in platypus and echidna milk fats
Hanks, J., 1973, Population dynamics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Hewson, R., 1973, Changes in the numbers and distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed in Scotland from 1948-1970
Jarvis, J. U. M., 1973, The structure of a population of mole-rats, Tachyoryctes splendens , (Rodentia: Rhizomyidae)
Jefferies, D. J., 1973, The ecology of small mammals in arable fields drilled with winter wheat and the increase in their dieldrin and mercury residues
King, C. M., 1973, A system for trapping and handling live weasels in the field
Lance, A. N., 1973, Numbers of Woodmice (Apodemus sylvaticus) on improved and unimproved blanket bog
Lucas, M., 1973, Chromosomes of Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Mitchell, B., 1973, Conception dates in relation to age and condition in two populations of Red deer in Scotland
Moore, W. J., 1973, Head posture in the Hominoidea
Morejohn, G. V., 1973, Post-mortem studies of Northern elephant seal pups
Morris, B., 1973, The transmission of 125I labelled globulins to the circulation in young rats
Mutere, F. A., 1973, A comparative study of reproduction in two populations of the insectivorous bats, Otomops martiensseni, at latitudes 1ř5'S and 2°30'S
Okia, N. O., 1973, The breeding pattern of the Soft-furred rat, Praomys morio in an evergreen forest in Southern Uganda
Poole, T. B., 1973, The aggressive behaviour of individual male polecats ( Mustela putorius , M. furo and hybrids) towards familiar and unfamiliar opponents
Racey, P. A., 1973, The time of onset of hibernation in Pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Rae, B. B., 1973, Additional notes on the food of the Common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Rae, B. B., 1973, Further observations on the food of seals
Randolph, S. E., 1973, A tracking technique for comparing individual home ranges of small mammals
Rothschild, M., 1973, Factors influencing the breeding of the rabbit flea (Spilopsyllus cuniculi): A spring-time accelerator and a kairomone in nestling rabbit urine with notes on Cediopsylla simplex, another "hormone bound" species
Ryder, M. L., 1973, Structure of and seasonal change in the coat of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Taylor, K. D., 1973, A mechanical device for monitoring the movements of small mammals that use runways or shelters
Alexander, R. McN, 1974, The mechanics of jumping by a dog (Canis familiaris)
Anderson, S. S., 1974, Grey seals, Halichoerus grypus , of the Dee Estuary and observations on a characteristic skin in British seals
Armitage, K. B., 1974, Male behaviour and territoriality in the Yellow-bellied marmot
Baker, J. R., 1974, Protozoan parasites of the blood of British wild birds and mammals
Baudinette, R. V., 1974, The physiology of chronic water deprivation in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi): relevance to natural populations
Berry, R. J., 1974, Vagility in an island population of the House mouse
Berry, R. J., 1974, Field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) on the Castle Rock, Edinburgh: an isolated population
Bonner, W. N., 1974, Dispersal of Common seals (Phoca vitulina), tagged in the Wash, East Anglia
Cave, A. J. E., 1974, The sacculus epipharyngeus in the Giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Cave, A. J. E., 1974, The epipharyngeal bursa in the Rhinocerotidae
Cave, A. J. E., 1974, Bilocular epipharyngeal bursa in Diceros bicornis
Cotton, M. J., 1974, Observations on a population of the Greenland lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill)
Dagg, A. I., 1974, The locomotion of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Degn, H. J., 1974, Feeding activity in the Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Ferns, P. N., 1974, The effect of laboratory confinement on lipid deposition in Wood mice, Bank voles and Field voles
Fletcher, T. J., 1974, The timing of reproduction in Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in relation to latitude
Frazer, J. F. D., 1974, Species variations in the foetal growth rates of eutherian mammals
Gorman, M. L., 1974, An analysis of the contents of the anal scent pockets of Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Viverridae)
Grant, P. R., 1974, Reproductive compatibility of voles from separate continents (Mammalia: Clethrionomys)
Handford, P. T., 1974, The origin of island races of Apodemus sylvaticus : an alternative hypothesis
Jefferies, D. J., 1974, Earthworms in the diet of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Kolb, H. H., 1974, The body size of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Scotland
Lerwill, C. J., 1974, Activity rhythms of Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by direct observation
Lincoln, G. A., 1974, Reproduction and "March madness" in the Brown hare, Lepus europaeus
Lowe, V. P. W., 1974, A re-examination of the subspecies of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) with particular reference to the stocks in Britain
Machin, D., 1974, A multivariate study of the external measurements of the Sperm whale (Physeter catodon)
Moxham, B. J., 1974, The circumnatal dentitions of a gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Paget, R. J., 1974, Some observations on the sexual activities of badgers (Meles meles) in Yorkshire in the months December to April
Pester, F. R. N., 1974, The parasite load of some African game animals
Poole, T. B., 1974, The effects of oestrous condition and familiarity on the sexual behaviour of polecats (Mustela putorius and M. furo X M. putorius hybrids)
Poole, T. B., 1974, Detailed analysis of fighting in polecats (Mustelidae) using cin‚ film
Racey, P. A., 1974, Ageing and assessment of reproductive status of Pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Racey, P. A., 1974, The temperature of a Pipistrelle hibernaculum
Racey, P. A., 1974, Reproduction in male Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Ryder, M. L., 1974, Coat colour inheritance in Soay, Orkney and Shetland sheep
Travis, J. C., 1974, Some physiological and behavioural changes associated with oestrus and pregnancy in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
White, G., 1974, Age determination of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from annual growth layers in the dental cementum
Yalden, D. W., 1974, Population density in the Common shrew, Sorex araneus
Aitken, R. J., 1975, Cementum layers and tooth wear as criteria for ageing Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Alexander, R. McN, 1975, The mechanics of hopping by kangaroos (Macropodidae)
Anderson, S. S., 1975, Behaviour of Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) during a breeding season at North Rona
Ashton, E. H., 1975, The basicranial axis in certain fossil hominoids
Ashton, E. H., 1975, The taxonomic and functional significance of overall body proportions in Primates
Bareham, J. R., 1975, Observations on the use of grottos by Mediterranean Monk seals (Monachus monachus)
Barnett, S. A., 1975, House mice bred for many generations in two environments
Berry, R. J., 1975, Adaptation and adaptability in wild-living House mice ( Mus musculus )
Berry, R. J., 1975, Macquarie Island House mice: A genetical isolate on a sub-Antarctic island
Berry, R. J., 1975, Islands and the evolution of Microtus arvalis (Microtinae)
Bertram, B. C. R., 1975, Social factors influencing reproduction in wild lions
Burton, R. W., 1975, Perinatal activities in the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1975, Postcava structure in elephant and rhinoceros
Cave, A. J. E., 1975, The thyroid and parathyroid glands in the Giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Cave, A. J. E., 1975, The morphology of the mammalian cervical pleurapophysis
Cole, L. R., 1975, Foods and foraging places of rats (Rodentia: Muridae) in the lowland evergreen forest of Ghana
David, J. H. M., 1975, Observations on mating behaviour, parturition, suckling and the mother-young bond in the Bontebok (Damaliscus dorcas dorcas)
Dawson, T. J., 1975, Water usage and diet preferences of free ranging kangaroos, sheep and feral goats in the Australian arid zone during summer
Dixson, A. F., 1975, Behaviour of the Talapoin monkey (Miopithecus talapoin) studied in groups, in the laboratory
Godfrey, G. K., 1975, A study of oestrus and fecundity in a laboratory colony of Mouse opossums (Marmosa robinsoni)
Gorman, M. L., 1975, The diet of feral Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Viverridae) in the Fijian Islands
Gurnell, J., 1975, Notes on the activity of wild Wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus , in artificial enclosures
Jackes, A. D., 1975, Winter whitening of Scottish Mountain hares (Lepus timidus scoticus) in relation to daylength, temperature and snow-lie
Leuthold, W., 1975, Patterns of social grouping in ungulates of Tsavo National Park, Kenya
Lowe, V. P. W., 1975, Hybridization between Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon) with particular reference to stocks in N.W. England
Cena, K., 1975, Transfer processes in animal coats. III. Water vapour diffusion
Cena, K., 1975, Transfer processes in animal coats. II. Conduction and convection
Cena, K., 1975, Transfer processes in animal coats. I. Radiative transfer
McDougall, P., 1975, The feral goats of Kilderhead Moor
Moors, P. J., 1975, The food of weasels (Mustela nivalis) on farmland in north-east Scotland
Nader, I. A., 1975, On the bats (Chiroptera) of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Olivier, R. C. D., 1975, Aspects of skin physiology in the Pigmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis
Poole, T. B., 1975, An investigation of playful behaviour in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus (Mammalia)
Roberts, L. H., 1975, Evidence for the laryngeal source of ultrasonic and audible cries of rodents
Skinner, J. D., 1975, A note on foetal growth and development of the giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa
Stoddart, D. M., 1975, Evidence for social difference in the flank organ secretion of Arvicola terrestris (Rodentia: Microtinae)
Summers, C. F., 1975, Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup production at North Rona: A study of birth and survival statistics collected in 1972
Watts, C. H. S., 1975, Vocalizations of Australian hopping mice (Rodentia: Notomys)
Wilkinson, P. F., 1975, The length and diameter of the coat fibres of the Musk ox
Young, B. A., 1975, Some observations on the ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis of certain Cervidae
Ashton, E. H., 1976, The articular surface of the temporal bone in certain fossil hominoids
Ashton, E. H., 1976, The adaptive and classificatory significance of certain quantitative features of the forelimb in primates
Ashton, E. H., 1976, Growth changes in endocranial; capacity in the Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea
Boonstra, R., 1976, The effect of odour on trap response in Microtus townsendii
Bryden, M. M., 1976, Body size and composition of Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), with observations on tissue and organ size in Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossi)
Cave, A. J. E., 1976, The thyroid and parathyroid glands in the Rhinocerotidae
Cave, A. J. E., 1976, Note on rhinoceros thyroid gland constitution
English, A. W., 1976, Limb movements and locomotor function in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
Flowerdew, J. R., 1976, The effect of a local increase in food supply on the distribution of woodland mice and voles
Forbes, T. O. A., 1976, The contents of fox scats from western Irish blanket bog
Gorman, M. L., 1976, Seasonal changes in the reproductive pattern of feral Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Viverridae), in the Fijian Islands
Greenwood, J. J. D., 1976, Behavioural changes in Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus): a result of natural selection
Gurnell, J., 1976, Studies on the effects of bait and sampling intensity on trapping and estimating Wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus
Hall-Martin, A. J., 1976, Dentition and age determination of the giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis
Hanks, J., 1976, Growth, condition and reproduction in the Impala ram (Aepyceros melampus)
Harris, J. M., 1976, Cranial and dental remains of Deinotherium bozasi (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from East Rudolf, Kenya
Harwood, J., 1976, Branded Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) at the Monach Isles, Outer Hebrides
Hewson, R., 1976, Scavenging on sheep carcases by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and badgers (Meles meles)
Jackson, J. E., 1976, Mandibular and maxillary dental abnormalities in Fallow deer (Dama dama) from the New Forest, Hampshire
King, C. M., 1976, The fleas of a population of weasels in Wytham Woods, Oxford
Montgomery, W. I., 1976, On the relationship between Yellownecked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and Woodmouse (A. sylvaticus) in a Cotswold valley
Okia, N. O., 1976, The biology of the Bush rat, Aethomys hindei Thomas in Southern Uganda
Patil, D. R., 1976, Cytology of the pituitary gland of the Plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus)
Poole, T. B., 1976, Underwater predatory behaviour of the American mink (Mustela vison)
Poole, T. B., 1976, An investigation of individual, age and sexual differences in the play of Rattus norvegicus (Mammalia: Rodentia)
Pudney, J., 1976, Seasonal changes in the testis and epididymis of the American Grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis
Richardson, B. J., 1976, Biochemical and morphological observations on the wallaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) with a suggested new taxonomy
Spinage, C. A., 1976, Incremental cementum lines in the teeth of tropical African mammals
Staines, B. W., 1976, The use of natural shelter by Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in relation to weather in North-east Scotland
Tapper, S. C., 1976, The diet of weasels, Mustela nivalis and stoats, Mustela erminea during early summer, in relation to predation on gamebirds
Taylor, K. D., 1976, The influence of rainfall on diet and reproduction in four African rodent species
Walton, K. C., 1976, The reproductive cycle in the male polecat Putorius putorius in Britain
Warner, L. J., 1976, Some simple methods for recording wild Harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) distribution and activity
Watson, A., 1976, Food remains in the droppings of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Cairngorms
Wemmer, C., 1976, An analysis of the chuffing vocalization in the Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
Wood, B. A., 1976, The nature and basis of sexual dimorphism in the primate skeleton
Wood, D. A., 1976, Squirrel collars
Young, B. A., 1976, Some observations on the ultrastructure of the thyroid of certain Cervidae
Alexander, R. McN, 1977, Fast locomotion of some African ungulates
Bard, J. B. L., 1977, A unity underlying the different zebra striping patterns
Berry, R. J., 1977, Heterogeneous heterozygosities in Mus musculus populations
Broom, D. M., 1977, Developmental changes in several parameters of ultrasonic calling by young Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Cave, A. J. E., 1977, Observations on rhinoceros tongue morphology
Cave, A. J. E., 1977, Robert Jacob Gordon's original account of the African Black rhinoceros
Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1977, Primate ecology and social organization
Corke, D., 1977, A combination of extensive and intensive survey techniques for the study of the occurrence of Apodemus flavicollis in Essex
Davis, S., 1977, Size variation of the fox, Vulpes vulpes in the Palaearctic region today, and in Israel during the late Quaternary
Dixson, A. F., 1977, Observations on the displays, menstrual cycles and sexual behaviour of the "Black ape" of Celebes (Macaca nigra)
Dixson, A. F., 1977, Comparative studies of morphology and reproduction in two subspecies of the Greater bushbaby, Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus and G. c. argentatus
Fargher, S. E., 1977, The distribution of the Brown hare (Lepus capensis) and the Mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in the Isle of Man
Flowerdew, J. R., 1977, Small rodents, their habitats, and the effects of flooding at Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire
Frazer, J. F. D., 1977, Growth of young vertebrates in the egg or uterus
Goniakowska-Witalińska, L., 1977, Occurrence of microtubules during erythropoiesis in Llama, Lama glama
Green, R. E., 1977, Melanism in the Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
Hewson, R., 1977, Browsing by Mountain hares Lepus timidus on trees and shrubs in north-east Scotland
Hoppe, P. P., 1977, Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African Zebu cattle, wildebeest, Coke's hartebeest and topi
Hyvärinen, H., 1977, Functional structure of the carpal and ventral vibrissae of the squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Jackson, J., 1977, The annual diet of the Fallow deer (Dama dama) in the New Forest, Hampshire, as determined by rumen content analysis
Jenkins, F. A., 1977, Hip structure and locomotion in ambulatory and cursorial carnivores
Kennaugh, J. H., 1977, Seasonal changes in the prepuce of adult Fallow deer (Dama dama) and its probable function as a scent organ
King, C. M., 1977, The effects of the nematode parasite Skrjabingylus nasicola on British weasels (Mustela nivalis)
King, J. E., 1977, Comparative anatomy of the major blood vessels of the sealions Neophoca and Phocarctos; with comments on the differences between the otariid and phocid vascular systems
Laurie, A., 1977, Behavioural ecology of the Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)
Lerwill, C. J., 1977, Diurnal variations in the agonistic behaviour of the Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Morris, P., 1977, Pre-weaning mortality in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)
Pye, A., 1977, The structure of the cochlea in some myomorph and caviomorph rodents
Reig, O. A., 1977, A proposed unified nomenclature for the enamelled components of the molar teeth of the Cricetidae (Rodentia)
Richards, D. F., 1977, Observations on the diet of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in South Devon
Richardson, E. G., 1977, The biology and evolution of the reproductive cycle of Miniopterus schreibersii and M. australis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Roper, T. J., 1977, Mutual synchronization of diurnal activity rhythms in groups of Red wolf/coyote hybrids
Ryder, M. L., 1977, Seasonal coat changes in grazing Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Shaughnessy, P. D., 1977, A review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of North Pacific Harbour seals
Alexander, R. McN, 1978, Vertical movements in walking and running
Alexander, R. McN, 1978, Optimum walking techniques for idealized animals
Berry, R. J., 1978, The House mice of the Faroe Islands: a study in microdifferentiation
Berry, R. J., 1978, Sub-antarctic House mice: colonization, survival and selection
Cave, A. J. E., 1978, Observations upon rhinoceros cervical lymphatics
Condy, P. R., 1978, The seasonal occurrence and behaviour of Killer whales Orcinus arca , at Marion Island
George, W., 1978, Reproduction in female gundis (Rodentia: Ctenodactylidae)
Gordon, D. H., 1978, Distribution of sibling species of the Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis group in Rhodesia (Mammalia: Rodentia)
Greaves, W. S., 1978, The jaw lever system in ungulates: a new model
Gurnell, J., 1978, Observations on trap response in confined populations of Wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus
Harris, S., 1978, Populations of the ticks Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) hexagonus and Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga infesting suburban foxes, Vulpes vulpes
Harvey, P. H., 1978, Sexual dimorphism in primate teeth
Healing, T. D., 1978, A method for the collection of small volumes of whole blood in the field and their preparation for serological studies
Henry, B. A. M., 1978, A comparison of the winter diet of Roe deer and sheep
Homewood, K. M., 1978, Feeding strategy of the Tana mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus) (Mammalia: Primates)
Jakobson, M. E., 1978, Winter acclimatization and survival of wild House mice
Jayes, A. S., 1978, Mechanics of locomotion of dogs (Canis familiaris) and sheep (Ovis aries)
Kay, R. N. B., 1978, Coat growth in Red deer (Cervus elaphus) exposed to a day-length cycle of six months duration
Knox, E., 1978, A note on the identification of Melomys species (Rodentia: Muridae) in Australia
Kolb, H., 1978, The formation of lines in the cementum of premolar teeth in foxes
Lerwill, C. J., 1978, Ultrasound and the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus
Lewis, J. W., 1978, A population study of the metastrongylid nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola in the weasel Mustela nivalis
Lusty, J. A., 1978, Oestrus and ovulation in the casiragua Proechymis guairae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha)
Peaker, M., 1978, The milk of the fur-seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis gazella ; in particular the composition of the aqueous phase
Smuts, G. L., 1978, Age determination of the African lion (Panthera leo)
Staines, B. W., 1978, The dynamics and performance of a declining population of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Staines, B. W., 1978, Observations on food quality in Scottish Red deer (Cervus elaphus) as determined by chemical analysis of the rumen contents
Sutcliffe, A. G., 1978, Scent marking and associated behaviour in captive Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) with a description of the histology of scent glands
Thomas, D. W., 1978, Notes on the dry season roosting and foraging behaviour of Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Thornton, I. W. B., 1978, White tiger genetics - further evidence
Wallace, G. I., 1978, A histological study of the early stages of pregnancy in the bent-winged bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia (30ø 27' S)
White, P. T., 1978, Haematological studies on wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Woods, J. A., 1978, The daily cycle of activity in the mole (Talpa europaea) and its seasonal changes, as revealed by radioactive monitoring of the nest
Alexander, R. McN, 1979, Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta)
Alexander, R. McN, 1979, Mechanical stresses in fast locomotion of buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Ashby, K. R., 1979, Age criteria and life expectancy of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in coniferous forest in North-eastern England
Ashton, E. H., 1979, The results of geographic isolation on the teeth and skull of the Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in St. Kitts - a multivariate retrospect
Berger, J., 1979, Social ontogeny and behavioural diversity: consequences for Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis inhabiting desert and mountain environments
Boness, D. J., 1979, Reproductive behaviour of the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia
Braithwaite, R. W., 1979, Natural selection in Rattus molars
Butynski, T. M., 1979, Reproductive ecology of the Springhaas Pedetes capensis in Botswana
Cave, A. J. E., 1979, The rhinoceros faucial and laryngopharyngeal tonsils
Chapman, N. G., 1979, Seasonal changes in the male accessory glands of reproduction in adult Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Cheeseman, C. L., 1979, The population dynamics of small rodents in a tropical African grassland
Churchfield, J. S., 1979, A note on the diet of the European Water shrew, Neomys fodiens bicolor
Davis, R. A., 1979, Unusual behaviour by Rattus norvegicus
Dennis, E., 1979, A chromosomal and morphometric study of Papuan tree rats Pogonomys and Chiruromys (Rodentia, Muridae)
Don, B. A. C., 1979, Gut analysis of small mammals during a sawfly (Cephalcia lariciphila) outbreak
Dubock, A. C., 1979, Methods of age determination in Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in Britain
Dubock, A. C., 1979, Male Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) reproductive cycles in Britain
Frank, L. G., 1979, Selective predation and seasonal variation in the diet of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in N.E. Scotland
Freedman, L., 1979, Relative growth rates of limb muscles in the diprotodont marsupial, Setonix brachyurus
Godfrey, G. K., 1979, Gestation period in the Common shrew, Sorex coronatus (araneus) fretalis
Gorman, M. L., 1979, Dispersion and foraging of the Small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Viverridae) relative to the evolution of social viverrids
Gosling, L. M., 1979, The twenty-four hour activity cycle of captive coypus (Myocastor coypus)
Green, R., 1979, The ecology of Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) on arable farmland
Hall, S. J. G., 1979, Haemoglobin polymorphism in the Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, in Britain
Harris, S., 1979, Breeding season, litter size and nesting mortality of the Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae), in Britain
Hewson, R., 1979, Winter whitening of Stoats (Mustela erminea) in Scotland and north-east England
Howard, R. W., 1979, Perineal sucking by a badger (Meles meles)
Howard, R. W., 1979, Feeding by regurgitation in the badger (Meles meles)
Huson, L. W., 1979, A comparison of fox skulls from Wales and South-East England
Jenkins, D., 1979, Analyses of otter (Lutra lutra) faeces from Deeside, N.E. Scotland
Jenkins, F. A., Jr., 1979, The functional anatomy of the shoulder in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
Jennings, T. J., 1979, A simple technique for the production of reference slides in the study of herbivore diets by faecal analysis
Johns, A. D., 1979, A comparative assessment of methods of individual tracking within a population of Microtus agrestis (Mammalia: Muridae)
King, C. M., 1979, Moult and colour change in English weasels (Mustela nivalis)
Leatherland, J. F., 1979, Thyroid activity in adult and neonate Harp seals Pagophilus groenlandicus
Lewis, J. W., 1979, A method for recording general and feeding activity small mammals
Milligan, A. R., 1979, The copulatory pattern of the Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and speculation on the role of penile spines
Montgomery, W. I., 1979, Multiple captures in Longworth traps
Montgomery, W. I., 1979, Seasonal variation in numbers of Apodemus sylvaticus , A. flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus
Montgomery, W. I., 1979, Trap-revealed home range in sympatric populations of Apodemus sylvaticus and A. flavicollis
Morris, P., 1979, Rats in the diet of the Barn owl (Tyto alba)
Payne, M. R., 1979, Growth in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
Pye, A., 1979, The structure of the cochlea in some mammals
Racey, P. A., 1979, Endocrine aspects of sexual mimicry in Spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta
Ratcliffe, P. R., 1979, A Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) kills an infant Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Renouf, D., 1979, Preliminary measurements of the sensitivity of the vibrissae of Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to low frequency vibrations
Roberts, M. S., 1979, Reproduction in Red pandas, Ailurus fulgens (Carnivora: Ailuropodidae)
Sheila, S. A., 1979, Mortality in Grey seal pups: incidence and causes
Skinner, J. D., 1979, Feeding behaviour in Caracal Felis caracal
Stoddart, D. M., 1979, A specialized scent-releasing hair in the Crested rat Lophiomys imhausi
Yokoyama, K., 1979, Growth and LGH isozyme patterns in the pectoral and cardiac muscles of the Japanese Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus cornutus cornutus from the stanpoint of adaptation for flight
Adams, M. G., 1980, Seasonal changes in the skin glands of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Ahnlund, H., 1980, Sexual maturity and breeding season of the badger, Meles meles in Sweden
Alexander, R. McN, 1980, Optimum walking techniques for quadrupeds and bipeds
Alexander, R. McN, 1980, Estimates of energy cost for quadrupedal running gaits
Alibhai, S. K., 1980, An X-ray technique for ageing bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) using the first mandibular molar
Berger, J., 1980, The ecology, structure and functions of social play in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Broekhuizen, S., 1980, Behaviour of does and leverets of the European hare (Lepus europaeus)
Brooks, J. E., 1980, Early post-natal growth and behavioural development in the Burmese house rat, Rattus exulans
Buckle, A., 1980, The flea epifauna of a suburban fox (Vulpes vulpes) population
Cave, A. J. E., 1980, The intervertebral ossicles of the Insectivora
Chanin, P. R. F., 1980, The diet of the feral mink (Mustela vison) in southwest Britain
Chidumayo, E. N., 1980, Population ecology of Tatera leucogaster (Rodentia) in southern Zambia
Clarke, M. R., 1980, Cephalopods in the diet of fur seals of the Galapagos Islands
Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1980, Primates, brains and ecology
Condy, P. R., 1980, The fur of the Amsterdam Island fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis
Creighton, G. K., 1980, Static allometry of mammalian teeth and the correlation of tooth size and body size in contemporary mammals
Dickman, C. R., 1980, Estimation of population density in the Common shrew, Sorex araneus , from a conifer plantation
Dixson, A. F., 1980, Testicular atrophy in captive gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla)
Dunham, K. M., 1980, The diet of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Rhodesia
Ellenbroek, F. J. M., 1980, Interspecific competition in the shrews Sorex araneus and Sorex minutus (Soricidae, Insectivora): a population study of the Irish pygmy shrew
Gasson, P., 1980, An abnormality in the dentition of a fox (Vulpes vulpes) from South Essex
Gosling, L. M., 1980, The duration of lactation in feral coypus (Myocastor coypus)
Gosling, L. M., 1980, Reproduction of the Himalayan porcupine (Hystrix hodgsoni) in captivity
Gosling, L. M., 1980, Diurnal activity of feral coypus (Myocastor coypus) during the cold winter of 1978-9
Green, C. A., 1980, The distribution, identification, and naming of the Mastomys natalensis species complex in southern Africa (Rodentia: Muridae)
Griffiths, C., 1980, The structure of the glands in the angulus oris of the Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus
Griffiths, J., 1980, Structure of the plantar sweat glands of the Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus
Hickman, G. C., 1980, Locomotory activity of captive Cryptomys hottentotus , (Mammalia: Bathergidae) a fossorial rodent
Hirst, K. J., 1980, An investigation into the response of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) to the odours of other gerbils
Huson, L. W., 1980, Multivariate geographical variation of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Wales
Jackson, J., 1980, The annual diet of the Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the New Forest, Hampshire, as determined by rumen content analysis
Johnson, C. E., 1980, An unusual food source of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Johnson, E., 1980, Age and seasonal coat changes in longhaired and normal Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Lanyon, L. E., 1980, The influence of function on the development of bone curvature. An experimental study on the rat tibia
Mason, C. F., 1980, The winter diet of otters (Lutra lutra) on a Scottish sea loch
McCann, T. S., 1980, Territoriality and breeding behaviour of adult male Antarctic Fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella
Paget, R. J., 1980, Dormancy of a badger (Meles meles) outside the sett entrance
Pye, T., 1980, Feral Brown rats, Rattus norvegicus , in South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)
Reig, O. A., 1980, A new fossil genus of South American cricetid rodents allied to Wiedomys, with an assessment of the Sigmodontinae
Smuts, G. L., 1980, Comparative growth of wild male and female lions (Panthera leo)
Suttie, J. M., 1980, The effect of antler removal on dominance and fighting behaviour in farmed Red deer stags
Swift, S. M., 1980, Activity patterns of Pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in north-east Scotland
Watts, C. H. S., 1980, Vocalizations of nine species of rat (Rattus; Muridae)
Wiig, O., 1980, Methods for sex-identification of subfossil bones
Young, B. A., 1980, Some observations on the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland of the pregnant Plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus)
Alexander, R. McN, 1981, Estimates of the bending moments exerted by the lumbar and abdominal muscles of some mammals
Alexander, R. McN, 1981, Allometry of the leg muscles of mammals
Berry, R. J., 1981, Genetical variation in three Pacific House mouse (Mus musculus) populations
Biewener, A., 1981, Elastic energy storage in the hopping of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis)
Boyd, I. L., 1981, Population changes and the distribution of a herd of feral goats (Capra sp.) on Rhum, Inner Hebrides, 1960-78
Brodie, J., 1981, Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on cereal stubble
Broekhuizen, S., 1981, Annual production of young in European hares (Lepus europaeus) in the Netherlands
Canivenc, R., 1981, Delayed implantation in the Beech marten (Martes foina)
Cave, A. J. E., 1981, Observations on the rhinoceros cardiac receptor system
Cave, A. J. E., 1981, On the cardic anatomy of the Sumatran rhinoceros
Clemens, E. T., 1981, Organic acid concentrations and digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of the bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus) and Vervet monkey (Cercopithecidae pygerythrus)
Coulson, J. C., 1981, A study of the factors influencing the timing of breeding in the grey seal Halichoerus grypus
Dixson, A. F., 1981, Parental behaviour and infant development in Owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra)
Fenton, M. B., 1981, Nycteris grandis (Nycteridae): and African carnivorous bat
Ford, R. G., 1981, Estimating small mammal ages from mark-recapture data
Fulk, G. W., 1981, Rice-field rats of Lower Sind: abundance, reproduction and diet
George, W., 1981, Species-typical calls in the Ctenodactylidae (Rodentia)
Goldspink, C. R., 1981, A note on the mandible length of Red deer, Cervus elaphus from Lyme Park, England
Gordon, K. R., 1981, Locomotor behaviour of the walrus (Odebenus)
Gorman, M. L., 1981, Rodent ecology in northern Ghana
Gosling, L. M., 1981, Climatic determinants of spring littering by feral coypus, Myocastor coypus
Goyal, S. P., 1981, A simple mechanical device for recording the diel activity pattern of small burrowing mammals in their natural habitats
Harcourt, A. H., 1981, Demography of Gorilla gorilla
Harper, R. J., 1981, Sites of three otter (Lutra lutra) breeding holts in fresh-water habitats
Harper, R. J., 1981, Mating behaviour in the European otter (Lutra lutra)
Harrison, R. J., 1981, The ovaries and reproduction in Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea: Platanistidae)
Hewson, R., 1981, Scavenging of mammal carcases by birds in West Scotland
Huson, L. W., 1981, Seasonal variability of Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) investation of agricultural premises
Hutson, A. M., 1981, Observations on host-finding by bat-fleas, with particular reference to Ischnopsyllus simplex (Siphonaptera; Ischnopsyllidae) in Great Britain
Innes, S., 1981, Growth in Northwest Atlantic Harp seals Phoca groenlandica
Jenkins, D., 1981, Two dimensional electrophoresis of otter (Lutra lutra) anal gland secretions
Kendall, M. D., 1981, The weight of the thymus gland in a population of wild Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus , from Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire
King, C. M., 1981, The effects of two types of steel traps upon captured stoats (Mustela erminea)
Lockyer, C., 1981, Examination of teeth of Commerson's dolphin Cephalorhynchus commersonii for age determination
Lucas, P. W., 1981, An analysis of canine size and jaw shape in some Old and New World non-human primates
Macdonald, D. W., 1981, Dwindling resources and the social behaviour of Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (Mammalia)
Mace, G. M., 1981, Brain size and ecology in small mammals
Marsh, C. W., 1981, Ranging behaviour and its relation to diet selection in Tana River Red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus)
Mattlin, R. H., 1981, Pup growth of the New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri on the Open Bay Islands, New Zealand
Merchant, J. C., 1981, Reproductive biology of the Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus banksianus) and Bennett's wallaby (M. r. rufogriseus) in captivity
Miles, M. A., 1981, Mammal tracking and nest location in Brazilian forest with an improved spool-and-line device
Mitchell, B., 1981, Some properties of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) at exceptionally high population-density in Scotland
Page, R. J. C., 1981, Dispersal and population density of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in an area of London
Reich, A., 1981, Sequential mobilization of marrow fat in the Impala (Aepyceros melampus) and analysis of condition of Wild dog (Lycaon pictus) prey
Vogel, P., 1981, The construction and use of an artificial nest to study the wild shrew Crocidura russula (Mammalia, Soricidae) in its natural environment
Wallis, S. J., 1981, Notes on the ecology of the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis)
Whitten, J. E. J., 1981, Ecological separation of three diurnal squirrels in tropical rainforest on Siberut Island, Indonesia
Wise, M. H., 1981, A comparison of the feeding biology of Mink Mustela vison and otter Lutra lutra
Wolff, R. J., 1981, Solitary and social play in wild Mus musculus (Mammalia)
Wooller, R. D., 1981, Seasonal changes in a population of the nectar-feeding marsupial Tarsipes spencerae (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae)
Yalden, D. W., 1981, The occurrence of the Pigmy shrew Sorex minutus on moorland, and the implications for its presence in Ireland
Zee, D. van der, 1981, Prey of the Cape clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) in the Tsitsikama Coastal National Park, South Africa
Zuckerman, L., 1981, A discussion on the grammatical competence of apes
Alcock, I., 1982, Cannibalism in the mole (Talpa europaea)
Alexander, R. McN, 1982, The role tendon elasticity in the locomotion of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Alibhai, S. K., 1982, Persistence of placental scars in the Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus
Andersen, T., 1982, Epigenetic variation in a fluctuating population of lemming (Lemmus lemmus) in Norway
Barnes, R. F. W., 1982, An elephant cemetry
Berry, R. J., 1982, Colonization by House mice: an experiment
Bester, M. N., 1982, Distribution, habitat selection and colony types of the Amsterdam Island fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis at Gough Island
Biben, M., 1982, Ontogeny of social behaviour related to feeding in the Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Bush dog (Speothos venaticus)
Blake, B. H., 1982, Reproduction in captive Water voles, Arvicola terrestris
Braithwaite, R. W., 1982, Small marginal groups of Rattus lutreolus in good and poor habitat
Bullock, D., 1982, Weasels (Mustela nivalis) attacking a young and an adult Brown hare (Lepus capensis)
Butynski, T. M., 1982, Ecology of Physaloptera capensis (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) infecting the Springhare Pedetes capensis (Mammalia) in Botswana
Cheeseman, C. L., 1982, Methods of marking badgers (Meles meles)
Clemens, E. T., 1982, The digestive physiology of three East African herbivores: the elephant, rhinoceros and hippopotamus
Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1982, Winter mortality in Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1982, Effects of lactation on feeding behaviour and habitat use in wild Red deer hinds
Corbet, G. B., 1982, The occurrence and significance of a pectoral mane in rabbits and hares
Edwin, N., 1982, Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Fairley, J. S., 1982, Short-term effects of ringing and toe-clipping on the recapture of Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Fedak, M. A., 1982, The energetics of lactation: accurate measurements from a large wild mammal, the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Funakoshi, K., 1982, Annual cycles of body weight in the Namie's frosted bat, Vespertilio superans superans
Gormally, M. J., 1982, Food of otters Lutra lutra in a freshwater lough and an adjacent brackish lough in the West of Ireland
Gosling, L. M., 1982, Coypu (Myocastor coypus) potential longevity
Goslow, G. E., Jr., 1982, Hindlimb joint angle changes and action of the primary ankle extensor muscles during posture and locomotion in the Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Harper, R. J., 1982, Moult in the European otter (Lutra lutra)
Harper, R. J., 1982, Food caching in European otters (Lutra lutra)
Hewson, R., 1982, The effect upon Field vole (Microtus agrestis) habitat on removing sheep from moorland in west Scotland
Jayes, A. S., 1982, Estimates of mechanical stresses in leg muscles of galloping Greyhounds (Canis familiaris)
Jenkins, D., 1982, Fertility in European otters (Lutra lutra)
Johnsingh, A. J. T., 1982, Reproductive and social behaviour of the Dhole, Cuon alpinus (Canidae)
Kelly, P. A., 1982, An accessory cusp on the third upper molar of Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus from the West of Ireland
Langham, N. P. E., 1982, The ecology of the Common tree shrew, Tupaia glis in peninsular Malaysia
Langley, R., 1982, Seasonal variations in infestations of parasites in a Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus population in the West of Ireland
Laurie, A., 1982, Behavioural ecology of the Greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Lightfoot, V. M. A., 1982, Predation of small mammals inside Longworth traps by a weasel
Lyne, A. G., 1982, Observations on the lateral vaginae and birth canals in the marsupials Isoodon macrourus and Perameles nasuta (Mammalia)
MacArthur, R. A., 1982, Physiological correlates of social behaviour in bighorn sheep: a field study using electrocardiogram telemetry
Maloiy, G. M. O., 1982, Aspects of digestion and in vitro rumen fermentation rate in six species of East African wild ruminants
Maloiy, G. M. O., 1982, Thermoregulation and metabolism in a small desert carnivore: the Fennec fox (Fennecus zerda) (Mammalia)
Mills, M. G. L., 1982, Factors affecting group size and territory size of the Brown hyaena, Hyaena brunnea in the southern Kalahari
Nader, I. A., 1982, New distributional records of bats from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Nicoll, M. E., 1982, The Sheath-tailet bat, Coleura seychellensis (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) in the Seychelles Islands
Panaman, R., 1982, A life-trap for feral cats
Robinson, D. J., 1982, Ultrasonic calls produced by three laboratory strains of Mus musculus
Sleeman, D. P., 1982, Some observations on fly-worry of deer
Smal, C. M., 1982, The dynamics and regulation of small rodent populations in the woodland ecosystems of Killarney, Ireland
Southern, H. N., 1982, Predation by Tawny owls (Strix aluco) on Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Twigg, G. I., 1982, Seasonal and age changes in the thymus gland of the Red fox, Vulpes vulpes
Underwood, R., 1982, Seasonal changes in African ungulate groups
Van der Merwe, M., 1982, Abdominal foetus in the hare (Lepus timidus scoticus)
Woodall, P. F., 1982, An index of male fecundity in live Water voles (Arvicola terrestris)
Albon, S. D., 1983, The influence of climatic variation on the birth weights of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Alexander, R. McN., 1983, A dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals
Anon,, 1983, Raymond Greene MA, MD, FRCP
Baharav, D., 1983, Reproductive strategies in female Mountain and Dorcas gazelles (Gazella gazella gazella and Gazella dorcas)
Berger, J., 1983, Predation, sex ratios, and male competition in equids (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)
Biewener, A. A., 1983, Mechanics of locomotion and jumping in the forelimb of the horse (Equus): in vivo stress developed in the radius and metacarpus
Brown, J., 1983, The use of church porches by bats
Byers, J. A., 1983, Social interactions of juvenile Collared peccaries, Tayassu tajacu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Caldwell, J. F., 1983, Observations on the autumn and winter diet of Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Carrier, D. R., 1983, Postnatal ontogeny of the musculo-skeletal system in the Black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus)
Chapman, D. I., 1983, Chromosome studies of feral muntjac deer (Muntiacus sp.) in England
Davis, S. J. M., 1983, Morphometric variation of populations of house mice Mus domesticus in Britain and Faroe
Deag, J. M., 1983, Feeding habits of Macaca sylvanus (Primates: Cercopithecinae) in a commercial Moroccan cedar forest
Durden, L. A., 1983, Sucking louse ( Hoplopleura erratica : Insecta, Anoplura) exchange between individuals of a wild population of Eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus , in central Tennessee, U.S.A
Emmons, L. H., 1983, Community structure of the frugivorous-folivorous forest mammals of Gabon
Fedak, M. A., 1983, Attachment of a radio tag to the fur of seals
Fenton, M. B., 1983, Feeding behaviour of the bats Nycteris grandis and Nycteris thebaica (Nycteride) in captivity
Ferguson, J. W. H., 1983, Social organization and movement patterns of Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) in South Africa
Fleming, D., 1983, The reproductive biology of Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) ranging free at Whipsnade Park
Garland, T., Jr., 1983, The relation between maximal running speed and body mass in terrestrial mammals
Gipps, J. H. W., 1983, Maturity, castration and behaviour of male Bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus (Mammalia)
Gurnell, J., 1983, Effects of trap position on the capture of woodland rodents
Gurnell, J., 1983, Growth in field and laboratory populations of Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Harlow, C. R., 1983, The relationship between plasma progesterone and the timing of ovulation and early embryonic development in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Hearney, A. W., 1983, Annual foods of the Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the east of England
Helm, R. C., 1983, Intestinal length of three California pinniped species
Hewson, R., 1983, The food of Wild cats (Felis silvestris) and Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in west and north-east Scotland
Lindström, E., 1983, Condition and growth of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in relation to food supply
Mason, C. F., 1983, Some factors influencing the distribution of Mink (Mustela vison)
Moller, H., 1983, An apparatus for anaesthetizing small mammals
Pehrson, A., 1983, Caecotrophy in caged Mountain hares (Lepus timidus)
Peters, S. E., 1983, Postnatal development of gait behaviour and functional allometry in the domestic cat (Felis catus)
Rees, P. S., 1983, Synchronization of defecation in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Renouf, D., 1983, Attachment between Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) mothers and pups
Rowe, F. P., 1983, Reproduction of the House mouse (Mus musculus) in farm buildings
Steyn, D., 1983, Age determination and growth in the hyrax Procavia capensis (Mammalia: Procaviidae)
Suttie, J. M., 1983, The relationship between kidney fat index and marrow fat percentage as indicators of condition in Red deer stags (Cervus elaphus)
Suttie, J. M., 1983, The effect of winter nutrition on growth of young Scottish Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Suttie, J. M., 1983, Jaw length and hind foot length as measures of skeletal development of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Swift, S. M., 1983, Resource partitioning in two species of vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera) occupying the same roost
Tedman, R. A., 1983, Ultrastructural morphology of the mammary gland with observations on the size distribution of fat droplets in milk of the Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddelli (Pinnipedia)
Thorpe, R. S., 1983, A biometric study of the effects of growth on the analysis of geographic variation: Tooth number in green geckos (Reptilia: Phelsuma)
Thorpe, R. S., 1983, Morphometric studies in inbred and hybrid House Mice (Mus sp.): Multivariate analysis of size and shape
Twelves, J., 1983, Otter (Lutra lutra) mortalities in lobster creels
Valente, A., 1983, Hair structure of the Woolly mammoth, (Mammuthus primigenius) and the modern elephants, (Elephas maximus) and (Loxodonta africana)
Wallis, S. J., 1983, Note on movement of stones by the Common shrew, Apodemus sylvaticus
Walton, R., 1983, The use of radio-tracking in studying the foraging behaviour of the Indian Flying fox (Pteropus giganteus)
Wineski, L. E., 1983, Movements of the cranial vibrisse in the Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Alexander, R. McN, 1984, Stride lengths and stride frequencies of primates
Anderson, J. L., 1984, Reproduction in the Nyala (Tragelaphus angasi) (Mammalia: Ungulata)
Baker, J. R., 1984, Mortality and morbidity in Grey seal pups (Halichoerus grypus). Studies on its causes, effects of environment, the nature and sources of infectious agents and the immunological status of pups
Barnett, S. A., 1984, Changes among wild House mice (Mus musculus) bred for ten generations in a cold environment, and their evolutionary implications
Birks, J. D. S., 1984, A note on prey remains collected from the dens of feral mink (Mustela vison) in a coastal habitat
Bothma, J. D. P., 1984, Food niche separation between four sympatric Namib Desert carnivores
Boyd, I. L., 1984, The relationship between body condition and the timing of implantation in pregnant Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)
Burton, G. J., 1984, Formation and fate of the corpus luteum in the Dusky leaf monkey (Presbytis obscura)
Cane, A. K., 1984, Histochemistry of the tongue epithelium in four mammals with respect to keratinization
Chapman, D. I., 1984, The periods of conception and parturition in feral Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) in southern England, based upon age of juvenile animals
Chapman, D. I., 1984, Observations on hypogonadism in a perruque Sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Churchfield, S., 1984, An investigation of the population ecology of syntopic shrews inhabiting water-cress beds
Churchfield, S., 1984, Dietary separation in three species of shrew inhabiting water-cress beds
Dickman, C. R., 1984, Responses of small mammals to Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) odour
Doidge, D. W., 1984, Density-dependent pup mortality in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at South Georgia
Doidge, D. W., 1984, Growth rates of Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella pups at South Georgia
Edwin, N., 1984, Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in adult Grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus)
Gibson, D. St., 1984, The population ecology of small rodents in Pennine woodlands
Griffiths, D. J., 1984, The annual cycle of the testis of the elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
Griffiths, D. J., 1984, The annual cycle of the epididymis of the elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
Hefetz, A., 1984, Sex specificity in the anal gland secretion of the Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon
Hewson, R., 1984, Changes in the numbers of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scotland
Hodges, J. K., 1984, Aspects of the reproductive endocrinology of the female Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in captivity with special reference to the detection of ovulation and pregnancy
Kendall, P. B., 1984, Seasonal changes of sex ratio in Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations in Wales
Leamy, L., 1984, Morphometric integration in the rat (Rattus sp.) scapula
Liles, G., 1984, A field survey for otters (Lutra lutra) in Yugoslavia
Macdonald, D. W., 1984, Behavioural, anatomical and chemical aspects of scent marking amongst Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (Rodentia: Caviomorpha)
McNab, B. K., 1984, Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals
Moore, H. D. M., 1984, Artificial insemination in the Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Morris, P., 1984, An estimate of the minimum body weight necessary for hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) to survive hibernation
Nel, J. A. J., 1984, Fluctuating group size in Bat-eared foxes (Otocyon m. megalotis) in the south-western Kalahari
Nerini, M. K., 1984, Life history of the bowead whale, Balaena mysticetus (Mammalia: Cetacea)
Nicolopoulos-Stournaras, S., 1984, Hindlimb muscle activity during locomotion in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) (Rodentia: Muridae)
Pearson, O. P., 1984, Taxonomy and natural history of some fossorial rodents of Patagonia, southern Argentina
Pehrson, A., 1984, Impact of winter nutrition on reproduction in captive Mountain hares (Lepus timidus) (Mammalia: Lagomorpha)
Pellew, R. A., 1984, The feeding ecology of a selective browser, the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi)
Peterson, J. A., 1984, Scaling in tensile "skeletons": scale dependent length of the Achilles tendon in mammals
Redford, K. H., 1984, The nutritional value of invertebrates with emphasis on ants and termites as food for mammals
Renouf, D., 1984, The vocalization of the Harbour seal pup (Phoca vitulina) and its role in the maintenance of contact with the mother
Taber, A. B., 1984, Scent dispensing papillae and associated behaviour of the Mara, Dolichotis patagonum , (Rodentia: Caviomorpha)
Thomas, D. W., 1984, Reproduction and growth in three species of West African fruit bats
Watson, A., 1984, Apparent tail display in the otter (Lutra lutra)
Wiig, O., 1984, An analysis of the morphological relationships between the Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) of Newfoundland, the Denmark Strait, and Jan Mayen
Wilson, V. J., 1984, Age determination and body growth of the Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia (Mammalia)
Yalden, D. W., 1984, The Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis , in Roman Manchester
Alexander, R. McN., 1985, Elastic properties of the forefoot of the Donkey, Equus asinus
Alexander, R. McN., 1985, The significance of sesamoids and retro-articular processes for the mechanics of joints
Alexander, R. McN., 1985, Elastic structures in the back and their r"le in galloping in some mammals
Alibhai, S. K., 1985, Effects of diet on reproductive performance of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)
Andelman, S. J., 1985, The non-invasive monitoring of reproductive events in wild Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) using urinary pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide and its correlation with behavioural observations
Anderson, J. F., 1985, Long-bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs
Anderson, J. L., 1985, Condition and related mortality of nyala Tragelaphus angasi in Zululand, South Africa
Barnes, R. F. W., 1985, A method for counting hares by spotlight
Bennett, P. M., 1985, Brain size, development and metabolism in birds and mammals
Boyd, I. L., 1985, Pregnancy and ovulation rates in Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on the British coast
Buffenstein, R., 1985, Thermoregulation and metabolism in the smallest African gerbil, Gerbillus pusillus
Cave, A. J. E., 1985, An unrecorded specimen of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
Chambers, P. L., 1985, Embryonic, foetal and placental development in the Common marmoset monkey (Callithris jacchus)
Chapman, C., 1985, The influence of habitat on behaviour in a group of St. Kitts green monkeys
Chapman, D. I., 1985, Tooth eruption in Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and its use as a method of age estimation (Mammalia: Cervidae)
Clarke, J., 1985, The effect of differences in herbage height on the grazing behaviour of lactating Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)
Cowan, D. P., 1985, The construction of life-tables with special reference to the European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Currey, J. D., 1985, The thickness of the walls of tubular bones
David, J. H. M., 1985, Population fluctuations, reproduction and survival in the Striped fieldmouse Rhabdomys pumilio on the Cape Flats, South Africa
Deag, J. M., 1985, The diurnal patterns of behaviour of the wild Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus
Delibes, M., 1985, Activity, daily movements and home range of an Ichneumon or Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in southern Spain
Dickman, C. R., 1985, Effects of photoperiod and endogenous controll on timing of reproduction in the marsupial genus Antechinus
Dimery, N. J., 1985, Muscle and sarcomere lengths in the hind limb of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during a galloping stride
Dimery, N. J., 1985, The mechanics of scratching in the squirrel (Neosciurus carolinensis)
Dimery, N. J., 1985, Elastic properties of the hind foot of the Donkey, Equus asinus
Dimery, N. J., 1985, Mechanics of the ligamentum nuchae of some artiodactyls
Don, B. A. C., 1985, The use of drey counts to estimate Grey squirrel populations
Driscoll, K. M., 1985, An efficient method by which to determine age of carnivores, using dentine rings
Edwin, N., 1985, Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in Spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis)
Edwin, N., 1985, Quantitative estimation of islet tissue of pancreas in water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster)
Frank, L. G., 1985, Androgen levels in the Spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta : the influence of social factors
Frank, L. G., 1985, Testicular origin of circulating androgen in the Spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta
Genoud, M., 1985, Ecological energetics of two European shrews: Crocidura russula and Sorex coronatus (Soricidae: Mammalia)
Greaves, W. S., 1985, The mammalian postorbital bar as a torsion-resisting helical strut
Hall, S. J. G., 1985, Plasma esterase polymorphism in the Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus in Britain
Hermanson, J. W., 1985, Functional anatomy of the shoulder and arm of the fruit-eating bat Artibeus jamaicensis
Herrera, E. A., 1985, Coprophagy in the Capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris
Hewson, R., 1985, Lamb carcasses and other food remains at fox dens in Scotland
Hewson, R., 1985, Long-term fluctuations in populations of Mountain hares (Lepus timidus)
Hickman, G. C., 1985, Surface-mound formation by the Tuco-tuco, Ctenomys fulvus (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), with comments on earth-pushing in other fossorial mammals
Hurst, J. L., 1985, Observations on the trap-response of wild house mice, Mus domesticus Rutty, in poultry houses
Jackson, M. H., 1985, The effect of camouflage on the vandalism and efficiency of Longworth small mammal traps
Kerley, G. I. H., 1985, Pup growth in the fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis and A. gazella on Marion Island
Kirkwood, J. K., 1985, Patterns of growth in primates
Kitchener, A., 1985, The effect of behaviour and body weight on the mechanical design of horns
Kolb, H. H., 1985, The burrow structure of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)
Krishna, A., 1985, Reproduction in the Indian pigmy pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus mimus
Krutzsch, P. H., 1985, Observations on the reproductive cycle of female Molossus fortis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Puerto Rico
Kvam, T., 1985, Supernumerary teeth in the European lynx, Lynx lynx lynx , and their evolutionary significance
Lockyer, C., 1985, A wild but sociable dolphin off Portreath, north Cornwall
Loudon, A. S. I., 1985, The effect of melatonin on the seasonal embryonic diapause of the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)
Merwe, M. van der, 1985, The vestigial teeth of Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Montgomery, S. S. J., 1985, A new, semi-hairless mutant of the Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
Montgomery, W. I., 1985, The effect of marking on recapture and the estimation of populations of Apodemus spp
Pridmore, P. A., 1985, Terrestrial locomotion in monotremes (Mammalia: Monotremata)
Redford, K. H., 1985, Feeding and food preference in captive and wild Giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Saether, B. E., 1985, Geographical variation in body weight and sexual size-dimorphism of Norwegian moose (Alces alces)
Schaik, C. P., 1985, Interannual variability in fruit abundance and the reproductive seasonality in Sumatran Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Searle, J. B., 1985, Methods for determining the sex of Common shrews (Sorex araneus)
Searle, J. B., 1985, Evidence for a widespread karyotypic race of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Britain
Shea, B. T., 1985, Bivariate and multivariate growth allometry: statistical and biological considerations
Van Orsdol, K. G., 1985, Ecological correlates of lion social organization (Panthera leo)
Verkaik, A. J., 1985, Moult and rank in male Mountain hares (Lepus timidus)
Wiig, O., 1985, Morphometric variation in the Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)
Wolfe, J. L., 1985, Population ecology of the Rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in a coastal marsh
Wolff, R. J., 1985, Mating behaviour and female choice: their relation to social structure in wild caught House mice (Mus musculus) housed in a semi-natural environment
Wolton, R. J., 1985, A possible r"le for faeces in range-marking by the Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
Wolton, R. J., 1985, The ranging and nesting behaviour of Wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia: Muridae), as revealed by radio-tracking
Woodall, P. F., 1985, An evaluation of some methods for measuring male fecundity in small mammals
Aarde, R. J., 1986, Inheritance of the king coat colour pattern in cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus
Albon, S. D., 1986, Fertility in female Red deer (Cervus elaphus) : the effects of body composition, age and reproductive status
Arden-Clarke, C. H. G., 1986, Population desity, home range size and spatial organization of the Cape clawless otter, Aonyx capensis , in a marine habitat
Attuquayefio, D. K., 1986, Home range sizes in the Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus : habitat, sex and seasonal differences
Avery, M. I., 1986, The winter activity of Noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula)
Avery, M. I., 1986, Factors affecting the emergence times of Pipistrelle bats
Baker, S. J., 1986, Free-living Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in London
Bennett, M. B., 1986, Mechanical properties of various mammalian tendons
Bielert, C., 1986, Sexual interactions between captive adult male and female Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) as related to the female's menstrual cycle
Boag, B., 1986, Observations on the localized distribution of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with non-agouti coat colouring
Brandwood, A., 1986, Incidence of healed fracture in the skeletons of birds, molluscs and primates
Breed, W. G., 1986, Comparative morphology and evolution of the male reproductive tract in the Australian hydromyine rodents (Muridae)
Chapman, N. G., 1986, An explanation for the porous tips of the antlers of some Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Corbet, G. B., 1986, Temporal and spatial variation of dental pattern in the voles, Microtus arvalis , of the Orkney Islands
Costa, D. P., 1986, The energetics of lactation in the Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris
Davies, K. C., 1986, The burrow systems and burrowing dynamics of the mole-rats Bathyergus suillus and Cryptomys hottentotus in the fynbos of the south-western Cape, South Africa
Delany, M. J., 1986, Population dynamics of Arvicanthis niloticus (Rodentia: Muridae) in Kenya
Dickman, C. R., 1986, A method for censusing small mammals in urban habitats
Dimery, N. J., 1986, Elastic extension of leg tendons in the locomotion of horses (Equus caballus)
Dimery, N. J., 1986, Elastic properties of the feet of deer (Cervidae)
Ernest, K. A., 1986, Ecology of Nectomys squamipes , the neotropical Water rat, in central Brazil: home range, habitat selection, reproduction and behaviour
Fenton, M. B., 1986, Hipposideros caffer (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Zimbabwe: morphology and echolocation calls
Ferris, C., 1986, Mating and early maturity of badgers in Kent
Gasc, J. P., 1986, Morphofunctional study of the digging system of the Namib Desert Golden mole (Eremitalpa granti namibensis): cinefluorographical and anatomical analysis
Harcourt, C., 1986, Galago sanzibaricus: birth seasonality, litter size and perinatal behaviour of females
Hillman-Smith, A. K. K., 1986, Age estimation of the White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
Hurst, J. L., 1986, Mating in free-living wild House mice (Mus domesticus)
Jackson, M. H., 1986, Toxoplasmosis in a wild rodent population of central Scotland and a possible explanation of the mode of transmission
Jefferies, D. J., 1986, Estimation of complete body weights for skinned European otters Lutra lutra (L.)
Kenward, R. E., 1986, Bark-stripping by Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)
Kenward, R. E., 1986, Red and Grey squirrels: some behavioural and biometric differences
Ker, R. F., 1986, The role of tendon elasticity in hopping in a wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)
Kesner, M. H., 1986, The myology of the manus of microtine rodents
Kolb, H. H., 1986, Some observations on the home ranges of vixens (Vulpes vulpes) in the suburbs of Edinburgh
Lanyon, J. M., 1986, Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) dentition and nutrition. II. Implications of tooth wear in nutrition
Lanyon, J. M., 1986, Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) dentition and nutrition. I. Morphology and occlusion of cheekteeth
Le Boeuf, B. J., 1986, Pattern and depth of dives in Northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris
Le Boulenge-Nguyen, P. Y., 1986, A new ear-tag for small mammals
Malcolm, J. R., 1986, Socio-ecology of bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis)
Moller, H., 1986, Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) feeding in a Scots pine plantation in Scotland
Morris, P., 1986, A method for trapping the dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius)
O'Connor, T. P., 1986, The Garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus from Roman York
Pond, C. M., 1986, Allometry of the cellular structure of intra-orbital adipose tissue in eutherian mammals
Rabinowitz, A. R., 1986, Ecology and behaviour of the Jaguar (Panthera onca) in Belize, Central America
Ramsay, M. A., 1986, Long distance route orientation of female Polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Reeve, N. J., 1986, Mating strategy in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)
Renouf, D., 1986, Play in Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
Richardson, D. C., 1986, Adaptations to a diet of nectar and pollen in the marsupial Tarsipes rostratus (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae)
Richardson, P. R. K., 1986, Bone crushing carnivores and their significance to osteodystrophy in griffon vulture chicks
Rylands, A. B., 1986, Ranging behaviour and habitat preference of a wild marmoset group, Callithrix humeralifer (Callitrichidae, Primates)
Skinner, J. D., 1986, The use of space by the Aardwolf Proteles cristatus
Speakman, J. R., 1986, The influence of body condition on sexual development of male Brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the wild
Spinage, C. A., 1986, Maternal reproduction and health in the Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti)
Thomson, A. G., 1986, The diet of forest-dwelling mice and voles; papain as an aid to faecal analysis
Thomson, A. G., 1986, Anomalies in estimations of small mammal abundance in conifer plantations
Trillmich, F., 1986, Milk of the Galapagos fur seal and sea lion, with a comparison lof the milk of Eared seals (Otariidae)
Turney, T. H., 1986, Systolic blood pressure in Peromyscus species : considerations for the murine hypertension model
Aarde, R. J., 1987, Pre- and postnatal growth of the Cape porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis
Aarde, R. J., 1987, Demography of a Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis , population
Abbott, D. H., 1987, Behaviourally mediated suppression of reproduction in female primates
Adrian, M. I., 1987, Food habits of the otter (Lutra lutra) in two habitats of the Donana National Park, SW Spain
Alexander, R. McN., 1987, Some principles of ligament function, with examples from the tarsal joints of the sheep (Ovis aries)
Altmann, S. A., 1987, The impact of locomotor energetics on mammalian foraging
Anderson, S. S., 1987, Greyseal, Halichoerus grypus , energetics: females invest more in male offspring
Ashe, J. S., 1987, Predation by and activity patterns of 'parasitic' beetles of the genus Amblyopinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Balakrishnan, M., 1987, Sebum-storing flank gland hairs of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus viridescens
Bancroft, J., 1987, Hormones, sexuality and fertility in women
Bennett, M. B., 1987, Fast locomotion of some kangaroos
Bennett, M. B., 1987, Elastic properties of structures in the tails of cetaceans (Phocaena and Lagenorhynchus) and their effect on the energy cost of swimming
Berry, A. J., 1987, Spool-and-line tracking of giant rats in New Guinea
Berry, R. J., 1987, Inherited differences within an island population of the house mouse (Mus domesticus)
Boag, B., 1987, The helminth parasites of the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and the brown hare Lepus capensis from the Isle of Coll, Scotland
Boyd, I. L., 1987, Variations in the post-natal growth of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Boyd, I. L., 1987, Seasonal changes in condition, reproduction and fecundity in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Bryant, J. D., 1987, Forces exerted on the ground by galloping dogs (Canis familiaris)
Bullock, D. J., 1987, Analysis of the timing and pattern of emergence of the pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Burnett, L., 1987, Frequency of vigilance behaviour and group size in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Caro, T. M., 1987, Ecological characteristics of territories of male cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Caro, T. M., 1987, Health of adult free-living cheetahs
Catt, D. C., 1987, Home range use and habitat selection by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Sitka spruce plantation as determined by radio-tracking
Cave, A. J. E., 1987, The pattern of aortic arch branching in the Rhinocerotidae
Churcher, P. B., 1987, Predation by domestic cats in a English village
Churchfield, S., 1987, A note on the diet of the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus , in Zimbabwe
Clapperton, B. K., 1987, Preputial glands of the ferret Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1987, Sexual segregation and density-related changes in habitat use in male and female Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Davies, J. M., 1987, Seasonal distribution of road kills in the European badger (Meles meles)
Dickman, D. R., 1987, Effects of seasonal reversal of photoperiod on the reproductive rhythm of a small marsupial
Dixson, A. F., 1987, Observations on the evolution of the genitalia and copulatory behaviour in male primates
Dubost, G., 1987, The process of total tail autotomy in the South-American rodent, Proechimys
Dunstone, N., 1987, The feeding ecology of mink (Mustela vison) in coastal habitat
Edwin, N., 1987, Quantitative estimation of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells of islet tissue of pancreas in Australian mammals
Feldkamp, S. D., 1987, Foreflipper propulsion in the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus
Fenn, M. G. P., 1987, Rat movements and control on an Oxfordshire farm
Fenton, M. B., 1987, Foraging and habitat use by Nycteris grandis (Chiroptera: Nycteridae) in Zimbabwe
Flux, J. E. C., 1987, Moult, condition and body weight in mountain hares (Lepus timidus)
Gosden, R. G., 1987, Numbers of sollicles and oocytes in mammalian ovaries and their allometric relationships
Gosden, R. G., 1987, Scaling of follicular sizes in mammalian ovaries
Green, M. J. B., 1987, Scent-marking in the Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster)
Green, M. J. B., 1987, Ecological separation in Himalayan ungulates
Halpert, A. P., 1987, Structure and scaling of the lumbar vertebrae in African bovids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Harcourt, A. H., 1987, Dominance and fertility among female primates
Härkönen, T., 1987, Seasonal and regional variations in the feeding habits of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat
Hillman, J. C., 1987, Group size and association patterns of the common eland (Tragelaphus oryx)
Hindell, M. A., 1987, Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island
Hoeck, H. N., 1987, Hedgehog mortality during hibernation
Jaarsveld, A. S., 1987, Improved age estimation in spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta)
Kay, R. N. B., 1987, Weights of salivary glands in some ruminant animals
Kemper, C. M., 1987, The demography and physiology of Melomys sp. (Rodentia: Muridae) in the Mitchell Plateau area, Kimberley, Western Australia
Keverne, E. B., 1987, Processing of environmental stimuli and primate reproduction
Kieser, J. A., 1987, Static intraspecific allometry of jaws and teeth in Cercopithecus aethiops
Kimani, J. K., 1987, Observations on the structure and innervation of the carotid sinus complex in the African porcupine (Hystrix cristata)
Kitchener, A., 1987, Fracture toughness of horns and a reinterpretation of the horning behaviour of bovids
Kovacs, K. M., 1987, Maternal behaviour and early behavioural ontogeny of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on the Isle of May, UK
Larson, S. G., 1987, EMG of chimpanzee shoulder muscles during knuckle-walking: problems of terrestrial locomotion in a suspensory adapted primate
Lee, P. C., 1987, Nutrition, fertility and maternal investment in primates
Lillywhite, H. B., 1987, Surface sculpturing and water retention of elephant skin
Lochmiller, R. L., 1987, Influence of moderate nutritional stress during gestation on reproduction of Collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu)
Martin, A. R., 1987, Aspects of the biology of Pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) in recent mass strandings of the British coast
McWilliam, A. N., 1987, Polyoestry and postpartum oestrus in Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in northern Ghana, West Africa
McWilliam, A. N., 1987, Territorial and pair behaviour of the African false vampire bat, Cardioderma cor (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae), incoastal Kenya
Mulder, M. B., 1987, Resources and reproductive success in women with an example from the Kipsigis of Kenya
Neal, E., 1987, A litter of five badger cubs in an overground nest
O'Higgins, P. O., 1987, An investigation into the use of Fourier coefficients in characterizing cranial shape in primates
Packer, D. J., 1987, The influence of carotid arterial sounds on hearing sensitivity in mammals
Pamberton, J. M., 1987, Lekking in fallow deer
Paterson, I. W., 1987, Competitive resource sharing by seaweed-eating sheep Ovis aries (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Read, D. G., 1987, The von Bertalanffy growth model fitted to Planigale tenuirostris (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) post-weaning data
Redfern, R., 1987, Successful keeping of the European mole (Talpa europaea) in captivity
Robertson, P. A., 1987, The food of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Co. Kilkdare, Ireland
Robinson, T. J., 1987, Extensive genome reorganization in the African rodent genus Otomys
Rose, R. W., 1987, Reproductive biology of the Tasmanian Bettong (Bettongia gaimardi : Macropodidae)
Searle, J. B., 1987, Morphometric variation of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) in Britain, in relation to karyotype and geography
Skinner, J. D., 1987, Range use by brown hyzenas Hyaena brunnea relocated in an agricultural area of the Transvaal
Stone, R. D., 1987, The social ecology of the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) (Insectivora: Talpidae), as revealed by radiotelemetry
Tedman, R., 1987, Water and sodium fluxes and lactational energetics in suckling pups of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii)
Tew, T., 1987, A comparison of small mammal responses to clean and dirty traps
Thompson, M. J. A., 1987, Longevity and survival of female pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) on the Vale of York, England
Thompson, P., 1987, Age and sex differences in the timing of moult in the common seal, Phoca vitulina
Post-partum oestrus in the little free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) at 24 S
Werdelin, L., 1987, Supernumerary teeth in Lynx lynx and the irreversibility of evolution
Wilkinson, D. M., 1987, Montane wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus and their relevance to some Quaternary fossil assemblages
Williams, G., 1987, Comparison of the fatty acid component in structural lipids from dolphins zebra and giraffe: possible evolutionary implications
Aldridge, H. D. J. N., 1988, Flight kinematics and energetics in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with reference to the influence of ground effect
Asher, G. W., 1988, Hybridization de Pære David's deer (Elephurus davidianus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by artificial insemination
Axmacher, H., 1988, Morphological characteristics of the masseter muscle of 22 ruminant species
Baker, J. R., 1988, Effects of environment on gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup mortality. Studies on the Isle of May
Bennett, N. C., 1988, The reproductive biology of the Cape mole-rat, Georychus capensis (Rodentia, Bathyergidae)
Biewener, A. A., 1988, Mechanics of locomotion and jumping in the horse (Equus): in vivo stress in the tibia and metatarsus
Boag, B., 1988, The prevalence of helminth parasites from the hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus in Great Britain
Cave, A. J. E., 1988, The major intrinsic pancreatic ducts of the rhinoceros
Cave, A. J. E., 1988, Note on olfactory activity in mysticetes
Corruccini, R. S., 1988, Morphometric replicability using chords and cartesian coordinates of the same landmarks
Davies, J. M., 1988, The anal gland secretion of the European badger (Meles meles) and its role in social communication
Degen, A. A., 1988, Energy requirements of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) and their efficiency of utilization of the saltbush Atriplex halimus for maintenance
Dickman, C. R., 1988, Age-related dietary change in the European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus
Dubost, G., 1988, Ecology and social life of the red acouchy, Myoprocta exilis; comparison with the orange-rumped agouti, Dasyprocta leporina
Dunham, K. M., 1988, Demographic changes in the Zambezi Valley elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Dutrillaux, B., 1988, The karyotype of Cercopithecus solatus Harrison 1988, a new species belonging to C. lhoest i, and its phylogenetic relationships with other guenons
Eckrich, M., 1988, Food habits of the sympatric insectivorous bats Rhinolophus rouxi and Hipposideros lankadiva from Sri Lanka
Efford, M. G., 1988, Population ecology of Mus musculus on Mana Island, New Zealand
Ferguson, J. W. H., 1988, Factors affecting the activity patterns of black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas
Festa-Bianchet, M., 1988, Birthdate and survival in bighorn lambs (Ovis canadensis)
Folkow, L. P., 1988, Anatomical and functional aspects of the nasal mucosal and ophthalmic retia of phocid seals
Forsman, K. A., 1988, Evidence for echolocation in the common shrew, Sorex araneus
Fowler, P. A., 1988, Overwintering strategies of the badger, Meles meles, at 57 oN
Furness, R. W., 1988, Predation on ground-nesting seabirds by island populations of red deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis
Garland, T., Jr., 1988, Comparative locomotor performance of marsupial and placental mammals
Geist, V., 1988, Sexual dimorphism in the Cervidae and its relation to habitat
Godsell, J., 1988, Herd formation and haul-out behaviour in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
Gosling, L. M., 1988, Facultative variation in the timing of parturition by female coypus (Myocastor coypus), and the cost of delay
Greaves, W. S., 1988, The maximum average bite force for a given jaw length
Greenaway, F., 1988, First British record of the northern bat (Eptesicus nilssonii)
Hall, S. J. G., 1988, Inbreeding and population dynamics of the Chillingham cattle (Bos taurus)
Happold, D. C. D., 1988, Renal form and function in relation to the ecology of bats (Chiroptera) from Malawi, Central Africa
Härkönen,T.J., 1988, Food-habitat relationship of harbour seals and black cormorants in Skagerrak and Kattegat
Harrison, M. J. S., 1988, A new species of guenon (genus Cercopithecus) from Gabon
Heideman, P. D., 1988, The timing of reproduction in the fruit bat Haplonycteris fischeri (Pteropodidae): geographic variation and delayed development
Hurst, J. L., 1988, A system for the individual recognition of small rodents at a distance, used in free-living and enclosed populations of house mice
Jones, G., 1988, Flight performance, foraging tactics and echolocation in free-living Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentoni (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Kam, M., 1988, Water, electrolyte and nitrogen balances of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) when consuming the saltbush Atriplex halimus
Ker, R. F., 1988, Why are mammalian tendons so thick?
Kermott, L. H., 1988, Scrotal melanins in bats (Chiroptera): description, distribution and function
Kitchener, A., 1988, An analysis of the forces of fighting of the blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) and the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and the mechanical design of the horns of bovids
König, B., 1988, Maternal care in house mice (Mus musculus): II. The energy cost of lactation as a function of litter size
Lister, A. M., 1988, Variation in lateral metacarpals of fallow deer, Dama dama (Mammalia, Cervidae)
Lovegrove, B. G., 1988, Colony size and structure, activity patterns and foraging behaviour of a colony of the social mole-rat Cryptomys damarensis (Bathyergidae)
Lovegrove, B. G., 1988, Soil and burrow temperatures, and the resource characteristics of the social mole-rat Cryptomys damarensis (Bathyergidae) in the Kalahari Desert
Mace, G. M., 1988, The genetic and demorgaphic status of the Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) in captivity
McArthur, C., 1988, Tooth wear in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus), and its potential influencde on diet selection, digestion and population parameters
McWilliam, A. N., 1988, The reproductive cycle of male tomb bats, Taphozous hildegardeae (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), in a seasonal environment of the African tropics
Mehlman, P. T., 1988, Food resources of the wild Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) in high-altitude fir forest, Ghomaran Rif, Morocco
Mendl, M., 1988, The effects of litter size variation on mother-offspring relationships and behavioural and physical development in several mammalian species (principally rodents)
Morris, P. A., 1988, A study of home range and movements in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)
Neal, E., 1988, The stomach contents of badgers, Meles meles
O'Higgins, P. O., 1988, Mathematical and biological intermediacy in bone shape. Fourier analysis of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrate in the mouse
Orford, H. J. L., 1988, Contraception, reproduction and demography of free-ranging Etosha lions (Panthera leo)
Paul, B., 1988, Haematological studies on wild black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) - evidence of an unstable haemoglobin
Ramsay, M. A., 1988, Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Rice, C. G., 1988, Reproductive biology of Nilgiri tahr, Hemitragus hylocrius (Mammalia: Bovidae)
Ross, C., 1988, The intrinsic rate of natural increase and reproductive effort in primates
Roth, V. L., 1988, Dental identification and age determination in Elephas maximus
Skinner, C. A., 1988, Food of badgers (Meles meles) in an arable area of Essex
Trout, R. C., 1988, A radio transmitter package for the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Trout, R. C., 1988, A system to record wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) entering and leaving a wood
Valtonen, E. T., 1988, Host-parasite relationships between two seal populations and two species of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala) in Finland
Van Vuren, D., 1988, Dental anomalies of feral goats (Capra hircus) on Aldabra Atoll
Vitullo, A. D., 1988, On the morphology of spermatozoa of tuco-tucos, Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae): New data and its implications for the evolution of the genus
Ward, S. J., 1988, Reproduction in males of the feathertail glider Acrobates pygmaeus (Marsupialia)
Ward, S. J., 1988, Reproduction in females of the feathertail glider Acrobates pygmaeus (Marsupialia)
Wauters, L. A., 1988, The use of red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) dreys to estimate population density
Yalden, D. W., 1988, Feral wallabies in the Peak District, 1971-1985
Zeller, U., 1988, The anatomy of the circum genital scent gland of Saguinus fuscicollis (Callitrichidae, Primates)
Abbott, D. H., 1989, Social contraception in naked mole-rats and marmoset monkeys
Alexander, R. McN., 1989, On the synchronization of breathing with running in wallabies (Macropus spp.) and horses (Equus caballus)
Alexander, R. McN., 1989, Bistable properties of the hock joint of horses (Equus spp.)
Bennett, M. B., 1989, A possible, energy-saving role for the major fascia of the thigh in running quadrupedal mammals
Bennett, M. B., 1989, Elastic strain energey storage in the feet of running monkeys
Bennett, N. C., 1989, The social structure and reproductive biology of the common mole-rat, Cryptomys h. hottentotus and remarks on the trends in reproduction and sociality in the family Bathyergidae
Birkhead, T. R., 1989, The intelligent sperm? A concise review of sperm competition
Bodmer, R. E., 1989, Frugivory in Amazonian Artiodactyla: evidence for the evolution of the ruminant stomach
Breed, W. G., 1989, Comparative studies on the reproductive biology of three species of laboratory bred Australian conilurine rodents (Muridae: Hydromyinae)
Cork, S. J., 1989, Lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). II. Intake of milk components and maternal allocation of energy
Curlewis, J. D., 1989, The breeding season of Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus ) in Tasmania
Currey, J. D., 1989, Mechanical properties of very young bone in the axis deer (Axis axis) and humans
Delany, M. J., 1989, The small mammals of a coastal gravel plain in the Sultanate of Oman
Delibes, M., 1989, Food of the common genet (Genetta genetta) in northern Africa
Dempster, E. R., 1989, Maternal behaviour and neonatal development in three species of Namib Desert rodents
Doncaster, C. P., 1989, Annual cycle of a coypu (Myocastor coypus) population: male and female strategies
Dove, H., 1989, Lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). I. Milk consumption and the algebraic of the lactation curve
Evans, P. G. H., 1989, Social structure of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles): genetic evidence
Fandos, P., 1989, Reproductive strategies in female Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica)
FitzGibbon, C. D., 1989, The condition and age of Thomson's gazelles killed by cheetahs and wild dogs
Gomendio, M., 1989, Suckling behaviour and fertility in rhesus macaques (Macaca multatta)
Gordon, I. J., 1989, A case of intense interspecific aggression between scimitar honed oryx, Oryx damah and addax Addax nasomaculatus
Gurnell, J., 1989, Inter-trap movement and estimating rodent densities
Harvey, J. T., 1989, Assessment of errors associated with harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) faecal sampling
Heideman, P. D., 1989, Population biology and estimates of abundance of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in Philippine submontane rainforest
Heth, G., 1989, Burrow patterns of the mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi in two soil types (terra-rossa and rendzina) in Mount Carmel, Israel
Hodges, J. K., 1989, The development of an enzyme-immunoassay for urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and its application to reproductive assessment in exotic mammals
Hyvärinen, H., 1989, Diving indarkness: whiskers as sense organs of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis)
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Korn, H., 1989, The annual cycle in body weight of small mammals from the Transvaal, South Africa, as an adaptation to a subtropical seasonal environment
Lawson, D., 1989, The food habits of suni antelopes (Neotragus moschatus) (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
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Lowe, V. P. W., 1989, Are the New and Old World wapitis (Cervus canadensis) conspecific with red deer (Cervus elaphus)?
Markussen, N. H., 1989, Growth in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) on the Norwegian coast
McAney, C. M., 1989, The distribution of the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros in Co. Clare, Ireland
McAney, C. M., 1989, Analysis of the diet of the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros in the West of Ireland
Miththapala, S., 1989, Identification of individual leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) using spot pattern variation
Nolet, B. A., 1989, Grooming and resting of otters Lutra lutra in a marine habitat
Owen-Smith, N., 1989, Nutritional ecology of a browsing ruminant, the kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), through the seasonal cycle
Parkes, J. P., 1989, Annual patterns in reproduction and perirenal fat of hares (Lepus europaeus) in sub-alpine Canterbury, New Zealand
Rai, U., 1989, Effects of mammalian pituitary gonadotropins on the seasonally quiescent ovary of the Indian wall lizard, Hemidactylus flavivirdis
Read, A. F., 1989, Life history differences among the eutherian radiations
Reynolds, P. S., 1989, Photoperiodic effects on post-weaning growth and food consumption in the collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus
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Singleton, G. R., 1989, Population dynamics of an outbreak of house mice (Mus domesticus) in the mallee wheatlands of Australia - hypothesis of plague formation
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Taib, N. T., 1989, Morphology, histology and histochemistry of the ventral buccal salivary glands of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Thompson, P. M., 1989, Seasonal changes in the distribution and composition of common seal (Phoca vitulina) haul-out groups
Viljoen, P. J., 1989, Spatial distribution and movements of elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the northern Namib Desert region of the Kaokoveld, South West Africa/Namibia
Wauters, L. A., 1989, Variation in length and body weight of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in two different habitats
Weber, D., 1989, The ecological significance of resting sites and the seasonal habitat change in polecats (Mustela putorius)
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Brooke, A. P., 1990, Tent selection, roosting ecology and social organization of the tent-making bat, Ectophylla alba , in Costa Rica
Brown, W. A. B., 1990, The dentition of fallow deer (Dama dama): a scoring scheme to assess age from wear of the permanent molariform teeth
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Carter, S. D., 1990, Immune responses of the common seal (Phoca vitulina) to canine distemper antigens during an outbreak of phocid distemper viral infection
Cavallini, P., 1990, Ranging behaviour of the Cape grey mongoose Galerella pulverulenta in a coastal area
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Duck, C. D., 1990, Annual variation in the timing of reproduction in antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella , at Bird Island, South Georgia
El Haj, A. J., 1990, Biomechanical bone cell signalling: is there a grapevine?
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Faulkes, C. G., 1990, Investigation of genetic diversity in wild colonies of naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) by DNA fingerprinting
Flint, A. P. F., 1990, The maternal recognition of pregnancy in mammals
Frank, L. G., 1990, Sexual dimorphism in the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)
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Hewson, R., 1990, Interactions between mountain hares (Lepus timidus) and other mammals
Jefferies, D. J., 1990, The prevalence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) and Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala) in otters Lutra lutra from coastal sites in Britain
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Meharg, M. J., 1990, Trophic relationships of common frog (Rana temporaria) and pigmy shrew (Sorex minutus) in upland Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland
Moore, H. D. M., 1990, Sexual differentiation in the grey short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica , and the effect of oestradiol benzoate on development in the male
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Richards, K. S., 1990, X-ray microscopy
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Smith, K. K., 1990, The anatomy and function of the feeding apparatus in two armadillos (Dasypoda): anatomy is not destiny
Solounias, N., 1990, The two types of cranial appendages in Giraffa camelopardalis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
Strang, K. T., 1990, Explaining the scaling of transport costs: the role of stride frequency and stride length
Thompson, M. B., 1990, Incubation of eggs of tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus
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Zihlman, A. L., 1990, Skeletal biology and individual life history of Gombe chimpanzees
Abbs, A., 1991, Feeding strategy of coypu (Myocastor coypus) in central western France
Alados, C. L., 1991, Phenotypic and genetic characteristics affecting lifetime reproductive success in female Cuvier's, dama and dorcas gazelles (Gazella cuvieri , G. dama and G. dorcas)
Aldama, J. J., 1991, Field observations of Spanish lynxes (Felis pardina) playing with prey in Donana, south-west Spain
Beal, A. M., 1991, Influence of flow rate and aldosterone administration on mandibular salivary composition in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
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Bright, P. W., 1991, Ranging and nesting behaviour of the dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius , in diverse low-growing woodland
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Cook, J. M., 1991, The ecology of Hypogeomys antimena, an endemic Madagascan rodent
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Asian Fisheries Academy Honors 2 Filipino Aquaculturists
Dr. Guerrero and Dr. Maximo Abesamis being feted by he AFA
Rafael Guerrero and Maximo Abesamis received citations at the Asian Fisheries Academy (AFA). The honors were conferred by the Society of Aquaculture Engineers of the Philippines (SAEP) and the Philippine Aquaculture Society, Inc. (PAS).
Rafael Guerrero is considered as the promoter of all-male tilapia culture in the country. Together with his wife, Guerrero in the 1980s formed a research and development company that provided sex reversal feed that will boost commercial production of tilapia despite the fact that the tilapia were all male.
This was from his doctoral dissertation at Auburn University during the 1970s and then was continued at the Central Luzon State University. This resulted in increased yields in tilapia farms.
Guerrero is a recipient of the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) award and has also received various recognitions and awards from local and international institutions.
Maxio Abesamis introduced the modular system in milkfish culture. Abesamis has also been instrumental in introducing Gusathion and Brestan to control snails and other microorganisms that are harmful to milkfish culture and farming. His system was proven to be efficient that up to now, almost all fishpond operators are using the same method.
An awardee of the Ten Outstanding Young Scientists (TOYS) award in 1980 conferred by the National Science and Development Board (NSDB), he pioneered the system of bangus production in fishpens that were initially undertaken in Dagupan City, Pangasinan which was widely replicated in the country.
But Abesamis also discovered that bangus and salmon had similar characteristics and it was also applied to mass producing salmon in ocean cages.
These contributions led to sustainable growth in the fishing industry.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017 Aquaculture, Biotech, Technology-Others
PH Non-Rice Agri Products Increase in Yield
Philippine vegetable and root crops yield posted increases in production this year. Leading the production is Eastern Visayas that accounted for 40% of the last quarter harvest of vegetables and root crops.
The increased yields were registered as mongo, peanuts, cabbage, eggplant, tomato, cassava and sweet potato.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), cassava production increased by two percent for the last quarter of the year.
This was due to the sustained demand for food, feeds and industrial use being experienced all over the country.
With regards to tomato production, it also posted an increase in production of 2%. This was due to high yielding varieties and sustained demand.
The Cagayan Valley Region posted the highest production for mongo with the Davao Region and Cagayan de Oro posting increased yields as well.
The confluence of high yielding varieties and ideal weather conditions contributed considerably to the posting of increased yields.
This is in consonance with the Department of Agriculture's (DA's) efforts in providing the means for national food security and affordable food prices for all as per President Duterte's policy.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017 Agriculture, DA, Sustainable farming, Vegetable Farming
Bohol to Be Developed as PH Dairy Capital
Dairy Farming in the Philippines
5,000 heads of Girolando dairy cattle will start the ambitious program of the Department of Agriculture (DA) of increasing the production of 22 million liters of milk annually.
Bohol is being targeted to be the Dairy Capital of the country. This was announced by DA Secretary Emmanuel Pinol. The site of the Philippine Dairy Development Program is the 3,000-hectare Ubay Stock Farm which is conducive to optimizing dairy cattle farming.
“I will be meeting with Bohol Governor Edgar Chatto and Ubay Mayor Costan Reyes to present to them a proposal which would turn the province of Bohol into the dairy capital of the Philippines,” DA Sec. Pinol stated.
The DA Secretary also said, “The project is expected to provide employment for the local people and additional sources of income for the farmers who would be engaged in the planting of forage and in the fattening of the male offsprings of the dairy cattle.”
IN 2016, dairy production increased four percent to 21,160 metric tons, registering the highest increase under the livestock sector at 10 percent to P715 million.
But, the industry still could not supply the local requirement as the country imported 453,000 metric tons of dairy valued at $808 million in 2016.
The main source of the imports is New Zealand that accounts for 39 percent of the total and the US (24 percent). Other sources were Australia and Germany.
The success of the dairy program will then be replicated in other areas of Bohol wherein the targeted communities will also benefit economically so as to spur further development and more income for the people.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017 Agriculture, Cattle, DA, Dairy Farming, Technology-Others
Technology Transfer Day in Central Luzon
The 5th Technology Transfer Day hosted by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) was held last December 11, 2017, at the Widus Hotel. The 5th Edition for this year was for Central Luzon.
Te Technology Transfer Day was participated in by almost 500 technology generators from the Fairness Opinion Board (FOB) that included Micro-Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs), technology experts, lawyers and even members of the academe.
The 5th edition’s theme was Global competitiveness through research-led, industry-linked technology transfers,” wherein sessions for consultancy/negotiation for technology transfer deals with potential investors were conducted.
These varied from agri-aqua culture culture productivity that featured carrageenan as plant growth fertilizers, wilt culture that addresses fusarium wilt of solenceous crops and lamp diagnostic spot syndrome virus in shrimps and genome-based lateral flow biosensor kits.
Industry competitiveness sessions were also conducted that offered technologies on stabilized brown rice, food innovation center for processing equipment, food innovation center products and even ready to drink mango juice with nata.
Another session was for showcased agro-forestry machinery like non-wood dryers; bamboo technologies; hand tractor-attached rice transplanter; Central Luzon State University-technology hydroponics, and Central Luzon State University-technology biogas digester.
Technology licensing agreements were also awarded.
This is the 5th Technology Transfer activity that the DOST conducted this year. This is in accordance with Republic Act 10055, or the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009. The Act mandates the DOST to provide the funding and support system for the ownership, management, use, and commercialization of intellectual property generated from research and development funded by the government.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017 Agriculture, Biotech, DOST, Science and Technology
Brewing success with Cordillera coffee farmers
Getting one’s daily caffeine mix seems to be a walk in the park for some--be it a cappuccino from a favorite high-end cafe or a simple instant coffee from home. But this is not the case for two long-time friends whose love affair with coffee moved to a whole new level.
Knowing that coffee is more complex in flavor than any other drink, Katherine Chelle “KC” Boter and Karen de Guzman are taking their beans very seriously.
Thus, they put up Figures of Beans with the aim of bringing responsibly-grown, skillfully roasted and expertly prepared premium coffee right to anyone’s doorsteps.
When KC left the private banking industry to do freelance work in 2015, she decided to partner with Karen who already had a bakeshop.
“Every time I work, I really need coffee. I don’t want instant coffee, I want quality coffee, the ones that I get from Starbucks, Coffee Bean, and the others,” said the 26-year-old KC who graduated with a degree in Psychology from the De La Salle University.
KC believes that making a good cup of coffee with the best ingredients is the bedrock of a successful business.
Figures of Beans sources its coffee from the Cordillera region, a major producer of international quality coffee beans.
The two girls set up the business at a time when the Philippines remains highly dependent on imported coffee beans.
Local production can hardly keep up with the continuous demand for coffee, prompting coffee-related businesses to heavily depend on imports from major producing countries such as Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, and India, among others.
“We import a lot of coffee so we tried looking for other sources where we can really get good local coffee. We saw the potential of the industry here in the Philippines,” KC said.
“Majority of our coffee beans comes from Sagada, some from Benguet. Before, we used all imported coffee for our cupcakes and it was really expensive, about three times compared with the locally made,” Karen said.
With a seed capital of roughly P30,000, KC and Karen started Figures of Beans, an online store which offers Cordillera coffee in six variants -- Irony (Sagada dark roast), Oxymoron (Arabica Robusta), Paradox (Benguet Arabica), Understatement (hazelnut), Metaphor (caramel) and Euphemism (vanilla).
“We had to do the legwork since the brand was just starting. We had to approach stores one by one and talk to them about our products. It’s important that when they see our products, it is visually appealing but the end goal is to provide quality coffee,” KC said.
“We started in stores in Tagaytay through the pasalubong centers. Then from there, we saw the warm reception of the customers, once they see Sagada they want to get it, they associate it with the experience they had when they went there,” she added.
“We don’t take coffee literally. Coffee is so special from the production, coming from the farmers all the way to your cup, something that binds people together. For us, it’s not just coffee because there’s more to coffee,” KC said.
Figures of Beans has since attracted a significant following. To further expand their products’ reach, the duo teamed up with several merchants which now include Kultura by SM and Manila Peninsula, their biggest brands to date.
“I handle all the big partners while Karen handles our online partners like Lazada, Shopinas, and Honestbee. Once we were out there online, other platforms saw us and they invited us to join,” KC said.
While Figures of Beans is almost two years old, the two think the growth of the business has been unexpectedly fast, allowing them to get the return of their investment in a span of one year.
“I think there is also the luck factor. When I started my own cafe, development was really slow. But with Figures of Beans, we were able to partner with big brands,” said Karen, who has a Management degree from the University of Asia and the Pacific.
While Figures of Beans can be considered a pioneer for carrying the Sagada brand, a similar line of business sprang up, making competition tougher.
“When we started, it was only us but now, all of a sudden, there a lot of other brands. We really are the ones who started putting the Sagada coffee in retail stores. But we don’t really look at the competition because we want to focus on our own brand,” KC said.
Apart from the coffee itself, KC and Karen wanted to share to consumers the joy of brewing their own coffee in the comforts of their homes and offices through instruction manuals included in every purchase of their products.
“Not everyone knows how to brew. We are an instant coffee nation, that when we see ground coffee, we immediately assume that we can just mix it with water. With us, we want to encourage our customers to brew their own so they get to experience quality coffee,” KC said.
“We want to provide quality content to our customers and readers by providing tips on how to brew their coffee and give educational videos as well,” she added.
As of now, KC and Karen dream of expanding their business to other parts of the country and eventually building brick and mortar stores as well as tapping the international markets.
“We had a lot of milestones but I think there’s still so much to improve on especially our products’ reach. Not because you’re with Kultura, you’re already big. We want people to know that we have good coffee here since a lot of people think they can only get good coffee from other countries,” KC said.
On a larger scope, Karen and KC are urging the government and the private sector to help uplift the lives of coffee farmers and ensure a healthy supply of high-quality coffee for the future.
“The problem is that the younger generations do not want to farm anymore so the older ones can no longer pass on their knowledge. I think the government should provide programs to the farmers because we have enough space to plant but then again, we don’t have the programs to support them,” KC said.
“We want to make programs for the farmers to make it sustainable for them. Some are disheartened to continue since there is no support. The only way for farmers to continue producing local coffee is to simply support them,” she added.
Source: http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2017/11/05/1755634/brewing-success-cordillera-coffee-farmers
Wednesday, December 13, 2017 Agriculture, Coffee Industry, Entrepreneurship
DA goes all out for Agri-Tourism
It has been recognized that since 3 years ago, there is a market for Agricultural Tourism or Agri-Tourism. This country is fortunate that there is an agricultural sector with many success stories that prove that agriculture is sustainable and presents another facet for tourism.
In the case of the Department of Agriculture 9DA), the agency has already recognized the potentials of Agri-Tourism. The DA is converting one of its research stations into an Agri-Tourism site.
The Davao Region Upland Agriculture Research Station (DARUARS) is set to convert the 429-hectare land into an agro-eco tourism area.
According to DA-Davao Region Research and Regulations assistant director Angelina Pancho “This has a big potential to become an agro eco-tourism area. We can conduct research about climate resilient crops here and put more buildings which can help the farmers and IPs (indigenous people).”
A multi-purpose building has been donated by the BAR which is a the P4-million multipurpose R&D building which plays a vital role in providing farmers the means of access to the various farming technologies generated from the works of the R&D community.
“We want to foster an environment that will facilitate the easier adoption of new technologies that contribute more effectively to tackling the emerging challenges in agriculture, not only in this region but in other places as well,” DA-BAR director Nicomedes Eleazar said.
Wednesday, December 13, 2017 Agri-Torism, Agriculture, DA
PH Sugar in Doldrums
Sugar production in the Philippines suffered an 11% decrease by October 22, 2017. This was disclosed by the Sugar Regulatory Authority (SRA).
Production fell to 100,995 metric tons (MT) based on data on crop year 2017 – 2018 wherein the spiral reached down to 2.01 million od 50kilogram bags from 2.3 million 50 kilogram bags in 2016.
It must be noted that the country's raw sugar demand was at 33% higher at 323,402 MT. This can be attributed also to the total number of sugarcanes milled at the same period that declined by 10% to 1.3 million MT.
Eight mills have started milling as of October 22, 2017, namely Biscom, First Farmers, Hawaiian, La Carlota, Sagay, URC-Sonedco and Victorias, where more than half or 57 percent came from Victorias.
Another item to be considered is that in terms of refined sugar, production nearly tripled to 29,602 MT from 10,143 MT.
Sugar prices at the mill gate declined 19% to P1,229 per 50-kg bag.
Wholesale and retail prices for raw, washed, and refined sugar also saw lower prices.
The Sugar industry sector has been beset by problems, particularly the issue of importation of corn-based fructose sugar that the local softdrinks industry saw as more cheaper than purchasing locally produced sugar from sugarcanes.
Wednesday, December 13, 2017 Agriculture, Policy, Sugar
Rice Pests Return Causes More Losses
BHP Infested Ricefield. Losses have already amounted to Php17.87 million
The Philippines has suffered damages to its rice crop amounting to Php17.87 million currently. This was caused by the re-emergence of the Brown PlantHopper (BPH).
Last experienced in 2015, the BPH infestation called hopperburn has affected 4,000 hectares of ricefields in Samar. This worse than what was experienced last 2015 since the area now covered by the infestation is much larger than the nine provinces that experienced the hopperburn infestation in 2015 wherein 9 provinces were affected.
Currently, hopperburn has infested 18 provinces and has grown three times than the 2015 infestation.
Department of Agriculture (DA) Secretary has voiced concern for the return of hopperburn. This was disclosed during the forum held at the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Agriculture Secretary Emmanuel Piñol expressed concern over the re-emergence of BPH.
This has caused losses to farmers and the agriculture sector mentioned is distressed.
BPH also spreads viruses that causes rice ragged stunt and rice grassy stunt. BHP attacks the lower stalks that causes the leaves to turn brown and the rice husks have nothing inside them.
Current pesticides in use have detrimental effects since these pesticides also kill the natural predators of BPH. “Instead of reducing BPH infestation, heavy pesticide use can kill the natural enemies of BPH and allow them to multiply and destroy crops without let-up,” the DA Secretary disclosed.
The DA secretary assured farmers that the DA is closely monitoring the situation and that efforts are being made to mitigate and alleviate the effects of the infestation.
The Acting Executive Director of PhilRice, Sailila Abdula explained that BPH causes extensive sap loss owing to its feeding on the basal (lower) portion of the rice plant, resulting in drying or hopperburn.
“Farmers should be equipped with proper and timely interventions on how to handle pest management,” Abdula disclosed.
Wednesday, December 13, 2017 Agriculture, DA, DA News, Infestation
Augmenting PH Cattle Population
The Philippines Cattle Industry is the least developed in terms of technical, production and organization I the Agriculture Industry sector.
Declining cattle population in the Philippines has been noted since more than a decade ago and yet demand for beef continues to increase.
It must be acknowledged that since it is among the least developed sectors in agriculture, it needs to be upgraded. Currently, cattle raising is a privately held enterprise such as smallhold or backyard type of industry.
It is thus in need of technical assistance since most or 94% is of the backyard type. In ASEAN, the Philippines has the lowest growth rate in terms of cattle population, scoring a “negative” in growth in population rates.
The solution has been to import cattle from Australia and even India. Now, the Department of Agriculture is set to import cattle from Latin America.
The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) laid down guidelines that will allow the country to import the breeding materials.
The protocols have already been set by the OIE according to Agriculture Secretary Emmanuel Piñol. This will enable the country to import cattle from Brazil and Argentina without violating foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) free without vaccination status policy.
“It would involve the quarantine of the cattle for six months in an area to be cleared by the OIE before the animals are shipped to the Philippines,” Piñol said.
“Since all animals in both countries receive mandatory FMD vaccination, the six-month quarantine will be enough time to determine whether the animals are healthy or not,” the DA secretary stated.
Private sector investors will be provided with an area and support by the DA for the establishment of the breeding program.
Wednesday, December 13, 2017 Agriculture, Cattle, Policy, Science and Technology, Technology-Others
Extension of Access to High Seas Tuna Fishing Ground Sought by PH
The Philippines is one of the top Tuna producing countries in the world with 1.6 million people whose livelihood is dependent on the industry. Tuna remains the top export in the Philippine fishing industry sector contributing to 1.6% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product.
Regulations in fishing for tuna in the high seas is monitored by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) to ensure continued economic fishing activities.
The access to fishing for tuna in high seas pocket – 1 was granted to the Philippines in 2013 and will expire this year. The rights granted was for 5 years.
The Philippines is now negotiating for an extension to access the high seas pocket- 1. “We are negotiating continued access to high seas pocket 1 and the current terms and conditions of the existing WCPFC conservation and management measures on tropical tunas,” Agriculture Undersecretary and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources national director Eduardo Gongona said.
“We want at least five years. We have to generate income, employment, and economic activities. We would like to continue that situation and we will negotiate that with the commission,” the Usec added.
“We are committed to our tuna catch where 75 percent of that goes to export and 25 percent are processed here and all of these linkages mean income and employment for the Philippines,” Gongona disclosed.
The high seas pocket – 1 was opened in 2011 after a 2-year ban on tuna fishing in all 4 high seas – pockets due to the declining tuna population. The ban’s objective was to make the tuna population recover and then implement regulations so as to assure sustainability.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations cited that markets for tuna products continue to increase based on the growth of consumption in new regions of the world and the dissemination of sushi as a global dietary trend.
Tuesday, December 12, 2017 Aquaculture, Policy
DA to boost bangus production
The government needs to increase its budget to build more hatcheries nationwide to sustain the country’s demand for milkfish, the Department of Agriculture said.
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) said at least P30 million is needed to put up more than 30 hatcheries all over the country to increase local production.
Over the last two decades, the Philippines has become heavily dependent on imports of fry from Indonesia and Taiwan.
“We need at least 1.5 billion fry to just sustain the industry and more than two billion for it to grow. With the existing three hatcheries, we are barely producing 30 million fry a year which means that almost all our fry are being imported,” BFAR-National Inland Fisheries Technology Center chief Westly Rosario told reporters.
“But, the problem is imported fry has a survival rate of just 20 percent while locally-bred produce in our hatcheries is 80 percent,” he said.
The P30 million budget would be used for satellite hatcheries and the impact of the program can already be seen three years after.
However, this plan is unlikely to materialize anytime soon as the DA’s proposed budget for 2018 got a huge slash.
“Budget for technical centers has been lower. For the whole NIFTC, we will just be getting about P33 million and there are a lot of species. For milkfish alone, less than P3 million has been allocated,” Rosario said.
Studies showed that 20 years from now, the local demand for food would not come from crops, livestock and poultry, but from aquaculture.
“We have a huge coastal area compared to our land area therefore, that’s where we should focus. We need to support our aquaculture programs,” Rosario said.
Milkfish production managed to bounce back and record a nine percent increase to 110,000 metric tons in the second quarter, 99 percent of which comprised aquaculture.
The increase was attributed to improved stocking density from brackish water fishponds in Pampanga due to availability of quality milkfish fry, as well as bigger sizes of milkfish harvested.
By: Louise Maureen Simeon
Source: http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2017/10/01/1744212/da-boost-bangus-production
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Aquaculture, DA News
Mango Industry to be Boosted by DA
In recent years, the production of Philippine mangoes continued to decline. Before mango production was at 1 million metric tons (MT) but currently, it has declined to as low as 600,000 MT. Mangoes have been one of the premium agricultural exports of the Philippines.
This was brought about by the infestation of the cecid fly that affected the top mango producing areas of the country.
The Department of Agriculture (DA) is addressing the situations in the mango plantations starting in Davao del Sur.
The DA will commence with the rehabilitation of 110 hectares in the Davao region. In addressing the situation, the DA will be providing foliar and granulated fertilizers, flower inducers, insecticides, fungicides and even plastic crates to spur mango production.
DA High-Value Crops Development Program Regional Coordinator Melani Provideo stated, “The unproductive trees that will be rehabilitated should be at least 10 years old and above with location within the mango cluster areas.”
“Farmers who intend to avail themselves of rehabilitation assistance must be accredited members of farmers organization or cooperative identified by the local government units,” Provideo also added.
Attendance of training will be required for the farmer-recipients of the program and the adoption of recommended technologies on mango production is another requirement. This includes appropriate fertilization and pruning and good agricultural practices.
Mango export volume has declined by more than 30% according to the Philippine Mango Exporters Foundation Inc.
The DA is formulating a five-year master plan for the mango industry.
“We used to produce one million metric tons, now we are below 600,000 MT. It’s been going down 15 percent every year. Other countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico are already filling up the demand even with their less premium mangoes,” the Philippine Mango Exporters Foundation Inc. said.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, DA News
WB Report: The Key to Mindanao Agri Growth: Connectivity
Agriculture in Mindanao
The infrastructure needed to link farm produce to markets in Mindanao has always been the bane of its development. Rich in natural resources, the infrastructure needed for harnessing its potential has been sorely lacking.
Way back in the Commonwealth era, the infrastructure plan was a combination of roads and railways. Unfortunately, WWII occurred and the resources needed for infrastructure development was siphoned off to rebuilding the country after the war.
Succeeding administrations have failed to address the situation and the current infrastructure in Mindanao has hampered its growth.
The World Bank in its Philippine Economic update emphasized the need to address the limited connectivity between the farmers to the markets. This will not only spur domestic development but also tap the foreign market potential for Mindanao’s agricultural products.
“Farmers are disconnected or misconnected with technical service providers, agro-enterprises, markets, and consumers, a problem that has multiple consequences. Many roads are in bad condition or congested, resulting in rejected agricultural produce, especially perishable commodities like bananas and other fruits and vegetables,” the World Bank report stated.
A seamless logistic network from farm to markets will require investments in infrastructures from the village to major roads. This will also induce more competition in the domestic shipping industry and with the new cabotage laws, the transport via domestic shipping will add to the fast and efficient conveyance of trade and merchandise. Port processes for import and export must also be streamlined.
“Lowering logistics costs would significantly benefit Mindanao’s agriculture value chains. An efficient logistics system is essential if Mindanao’s potential of becoming a global supplier of basic and value-added produce is to be realized,” the report noted.
The World Bank said there is an opportunity to expand the production of exportable agriculture products: aquatic, coffee and coconut products.
This involves linking farmers more closely with enterprises, as it is primarily agribusinesses that have the opportunity to differentiate or diversify product lines,” it added.
Increased productivity will reduce the prices of food and other commodities and improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, Farm Management, Industrial Farming, Technology-Land, World Bank
PH Scientists Awarded by Japanese Scientific Forum
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
A team of Filipino scientists that developed the Plant Food Supplement (PFS) via the using radiation technology was awarded the 2017 Excellent Research Team of the Year Award by the Japan-based Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA).
The team from the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) garnered the award.
The potential of the project in spurring the development of Philippine agriculture towards national food security was recognized by the Japanese government. Also, the project can help mitigate the effects of El Niño and climate change that ravage farmlands in the countryside.
The research team is led by Career Scientist Dr. Lucille Abad who heads DOST-PNRI’s Chemistry Research Section. With just 3.2 liters per hectare of water mixed with the right proportion of the PFS, the formulation was proven effective in increasing the yield of rice, mung bean, and other crops by over 20 percent.
With the application of the PFS in field tests, it was determined that PFS enhanced resistance against tungro bacilliform virus and bacterial leaf blight. Further, fields sprayed with PFS had higher survival rate after a violent storm compared with nearby fields that were not treated with PFS.
Launched in November 2015, DOST started the widespread testing of PFS in Luzon, Panay Island, Zamboanga, and Davao. The experiments showed proof the advantages and benefits of PFS.
PFS is developed from carrageenan, a common industrial ingredient made from seaweeds. Subjecting to radiation the polymers of carrageenan it formed natural bioactive agents that can improve the health and increase the growth and yield of various crops.
Carrageenan has already been used as organic fertilizer in rice crops before but this is the first time that radiation exposure was utilized in enhancing its potentials. The carrageenan used for the PFS was irradiated at PNRI’s Electron Beam Irradiation Facility in Diliman, Quezon City, the first and only facility of its kind in the country dedicated to semi-commercial services.
Eventually, several tons of PFS from PNRI was deployed for field test purposes and these were applied to thousands of hectares of rice fields in selected provinces of Regions 2 and 3, specifically in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Ilagan, Isabela and in Pulilan, Bulacan.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, Biotech, DOST, Events-Educational, Rice Yields, Technology
Php30 million for Iloilo Agri Finance from DA
Dumangas, Iloilo. Photo courtesy of SEAFDEC
The Production Loan Easy Access Program has been made available to the Municipality of Dumangas and Passi City as part of the efforts of the Department of Agriculture (DA) in further spurring the development of agriculture in these localities.
A Php30 million loan fund and Php10million loan fund for Dumangas and Passi City respectively will be made available for farmers and fishermen for the localities of Iloilo is expected wherein farmers and fishermen will be able to get financing amounting to Phpo5,000 to Php25,000 with no collateral requirements and will have a payable term of two years.
According to Agriculture Secretary Emmanuel Pinol, the lending program will be available through local cooperatives and rural banks and the maturity will depend on the kind of agricultural commodity.
This will reduce the dependency of farmers on government subsidies and dole outs, and contribute to the administration’s target of reducing national poverty by the year 2022.
A grains processing complex for the milling, packaging, and marketing of Passi City’s produce, as well as a tissue culture laboratory and organic fertilizer processing facility, is also planned by the DA.
In Dumangas , 500 hectares of abandoned fishponds wll be converted into mangrove replanting areas that will benefit one of the richest oyster production areas of Panay Island. Protection of to fishponds, oyster farms and hatcheries is being backed by the DA to protect it against the construction of an environmentally and ecologically unsafe fuel depot in Dumangas.
“I already signed an endorsement of the BFAR position paper to Iloilo Governor Arthur Defensor. While the town is interested in inviting investors to come to the town, we should respect the position of the people who depend on the sea for their livelihood,” DA Secretary Pinol stated.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, Aquaculture, DA News, DOST
Avian Influenza Outbreak: Not Likely from Migratory Birds
The recent outbreak of Avian Influenza in Pampanga and Nueva Ecija was not likely brought by migratory birds. This was disclosed by Carlo Custodio, a consultant of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB) said.
In a roundtable discussion organized by the National Research Council last month, it was stated that migratory birds should not be automatically blamed for the spread of Avian Influenza.
“Avian influenza in the Philippines is not traceable to migratory birds. Do not blame the migratory birds as they are victims, too (of the infection),” Custodio said.
Entitled “Avian Influenza – How do we Prevent its Entry and Spread: Policy Implications Towards Early Detection, Management and Mitigation,” the forum was held on last month at the Bayleaf Hotel in Intramuros, Manila.
The first and last recorded incident of Avian Influenza was in 2006 and yet migratory birds have been annually migrating to the country from temperate climes.
Custodio said that global multi-agency Scientific Task Force on Avian Influenza and Wild Birds had issued a statement against unjustly and unfairly blaming wild birds for AIV incidences around the world.
According to the Scientific Task Force’s statement, the H5N8 Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreaks are associated with intensive domestic poultry production. The statement was issued last December 2016
The effect of the wrong attribution of Pathogenic Avian Influenza to migratory birds have resulted in mortality and conservation issues.
The task force has said that attributing the spread of HPAI viruses to wild birds has resulted in mortality and conservation issues.
“The specific role of wild birds particularly in the long-distance transmission of the virus, if existent, remains unclear,” Custodio disclosed and was based on the task force’s Dec. 20, 1996 statement.
The outbreak led to the deaths of 34,000 chickens and another 500,000 were culled so as to prevent the spread of the virus to other poultry farms.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, DOST, Infestation, Livestock, Poultry
Standardized Mechanization Program Pushed by DA
100% National Rice Self-Sufficiency can be attained and that is why the Department of Agriculture is pushing for standardized mechanization in agriculture.
This particularly important in the rice-producing sector of agriculture since standardized mechanization will reduce post-harvest losses and would lead to the above-mentioned objective. The reduction in post-harvest losses will ameliorate the three million metric tons (MT) of rice losses annually.
“Japan, for example, has a 16 percent mechanization rate while our country has only two percent mechanization rate. If we can lessen post-harvest loss by at least six to eight percent, we can already achieve rice sufficiency,” DA Secretary Emmanuel Piñol said.
“If we wish to help farmers increase their productivity and income, let’s give them the best, so we can also change their mindset,” the DA Secretary further added.
This standardized mechanization program will also be complemented by the use of high yielding hybrid rice varieties that will translate to increased production and higher quality of rice yields.
“By simply planting hybrid rice on our farms, we can increase harvest and income. We don’t even have to expand production areas,” Piñol disclosed.
The objective is to increase the level of mechanization to 4-horsepower per hectare as what is standard in ASEAN countries according to the Philippine Center for Post-Harvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMech).
Currently, the average horse[power per hectare in the country is 3-horsepower per hectare.
According to PhilMech, a boost in the budget for mechanization will enable Filipino farmers to be at par with the farmers in Thailand and Vietnam, both rice exporting countries.
“Our new advocacy is to develop and commercialize the technologies where stakeholders will be the ones to tell us what they want and need, then we will address their concerns,” PhilMech stated.
Standardized Mechanization together with the use of hybrid rice varieties as adopted by farmers and agricultural cooperatives will make the target of National Rice Self-Sufficiency attainable soon.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 Agriculture, DA News, Farm Management, Sustainable farming, Technology
Asian Fisheries Academy Honors 2 Filipino Aquacult...
Extension of Access to High Seas Tuna Fishing Gro...
WB Report: The Key to Mindanao Agri Growth: Connec...
PH Scientists Awarded by Japanese Scientific Forum...
Avian Influenza Outbreak: Not Likely from Migrator...
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New tourism signs are in the works
Ellen Hoj, a planner with the city of Wilson, discusses plans for wayfinding and welcome signs recently at the Wilson Visitors Center.
Brie Handgraaf | Times
Posted Friday, June 14, 2019 7:31 pm
By Brie Handgraaf
bhandgraaf@wilsontimes.com
In the next year, 47 signs are set to be installed to help visitors find popular destinations around Wilson.
“When a visitor arrives to town, the signs will lead them on a straight route to the Whirligig Park, but they’ll also see signs for the science museum and other attractions, so they build a repeated memory of what is downtown for example,” said Buzz Bizzell with Bizzell Design. “By the time they arrive at the Whirligig Park, they will have seen 12 or 13 signs that list other destinations they want to go to while they are here.”
While developing new wayfinding signs for Wilson has been in the works for nearly a decade, the project got major financial boosting in recent years through a U.S. Department of Agriculture grant as well as funding from the Wilson County Tourism Development Authority and the city of Wilson. Since the funding was approved, officials have been studying routes and finding the best locations to put signs.
This week, officials gave presentations to area stakeholders and will release the plan to get bids on the project. Bizzell said officials likely will approve contracts with two qualified manufacturers to split the work and speed up the timeline for production and installation.
“While the signs are being manufactured, the bases can be put in place. What is really cool about that is once the signs are delivered, it will seem like they go up overnight,” Bizzell said. “You’ll go down Raleigh Road Parkway one day and they’ll all be up. It takes a lot of coordination, but it is really cool.”
In addition to signs for destinations such as city parks, Barton College and the rose garden, the project calls for several welcome signs at major gateways into the city. The plan is to have the bulk of the signs installed by April 1.
The tourism board of directors supported the project with a $50,000 allocation for the second year. The wayfinding project was the largest allocation as part of the board’s more than $180,000 in community grants with 21 other organizations and events receiving grants.
Also during the meeting, board members discussed the latest results of the area’s marketing campaign. The Pit-Stopper advertisement launched in June and is geared toward tourists looking for a stopover during a road trip and highlights popular eateries The Beefmastor Inn, Dick’s Hot Dog Stand and Parker’s Barbecue. This is the latest advertisement in a tourism campaign that launched in the fall.
Board chairman Dennis Johnson said the tourism campaign generated 2.6 million impressions in May.
“We had just over 8,000 clicks, which transfers to a cost of $1.68 each,” Johnson said. “That cost is way down from last month, and the lowest we’ve had so far actually since we launched the campaign back in October.”
Johnson said occupancy at the hotels on the Interstate 95 exit increased 27 percent in May compared to the same month in 2018.
“Part of the reason I truly believe occupancy rate is up is because of the scoring system that guests do when they check out because we’re killing Rocky Mount and Smithfield with customer service and ratings from the surveys we’re getting back,” he said. “Five is the highest, and Wilson is at 4.6, so we really can’t get too much better than that, and I think that is a driving factor for a lot of guests.”
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Murray and Nishikori withdraw from the Australian Open
Caroline Paquin
As the Australian Open is set to begin in two weeks, two of the top ATP players have announced their withdrawal from the first Grand Slam of the season.
Nishikori not yet ready, but has set a comeback date
On Wednesday, Kei Nishikori made an announcement via his app. The Japanese, sidelined since Cincinnati due to a wrist injury, declared that he is not yet ready to take on best of five matches:
There is, however, a nice silver lining for Nishikori. Shortly after his Australian Open announcement, it was announced that he had taken a wild card into the Oracle Challenger, which will be held from 20-28 January in Newport Beach.
As far as the former number four is concerned, the prospects of a return to competition are bright.
After Brisbane, the Australian Open for Murray
It was expected. After withdrawing from the Brisbane International and following his extremely heartfelt and emotional message, Andy Murray has announced, early on Thursday, that he was forced to pull out of the Australian Open.
“Sadly I won’t be playing in Melbourne this year, as I am not yet ready to compete”, declared the Scot. “I’ll be flying home shortly to assess all the options.”
This withdrawal marks the first time that Murray will not be present in Melbourne for the first major of the year. The five-time runner-up has been playing it every year since 2006.
As the former number one mentioned in his message, we should know within the next few days what the next steps will be in his case. Will he opt for more rest and rehabilitation? Will he choose to undergo what may be a risky surgery?
No matter what comes next for Murray, we can only hope and wish that he will come back and play the sport that he loves.
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