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__label__cc	0.55659	0.44341	Team:ETH Zurich/human/interviews/expert7 Eledieu (Talk \| contribs) m (→To learn more) [https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/complicity/article/viewFile/8764/7084 Complicity and Simplexity, Ian Stewart] [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00668821 Grassberger, Peter. "Toward a quantitative theory of self-generated complexity."International Journal of Theoretical] *[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00668821 Grassberger, Peter. "Toward a quantitative theory of self-generated complexity."International Journal of Theoretical Physics 25.9 (1986): 907-938. ] Physics 25.9 (1986): 907-938. <html></article></html> {{:Team:ETH_Zurich/tpl/foot}} iGEM ETH Zurich 2014 Medal Criteria Data page Gene Circuit and Parts Used and Characterized Pre-Existing Parts Our Favorite New Characterized Parts Integrases XOR Gate Whole cell model Parameters and Tools Alginate Beads Millifluidic Chip Human practice Official Team Profile Advisors and Instructors Interview with PD Dr. Harald Atmanspacher There are various definitions of complexity. Most of the time, the notion of system is mentioned in those definitions. Would you say that complexity is a property of a system? I would say that complexity is not a property, but a characterization of a system. The next question is what could be the defining criterion for this characterization. At some point, people tried to come up with formal definitions of what complexity could actually be and how it can be measured quantitatively. Before that happened, for a long time, for decades actually, people were talking about complex systems in a colloquial sense. What you’ll find in literature is criteria like, for instance: “The coupling of a system with its environment is important for the behavior of the system” (open systems), “Many complex systems have a lot of constituents” (Nevertheless, we can find complex systems with a small number of degrees of freedom, for example in deterministic chaos). What you need for complexity is non-linear behavior, non-linear feedback. Another criterion that some people use is that you are dealing with systems far from thermal equilibrium. In biology, you are typically far from the thermal equilibrium. Another feature of complex systems is their intrinsic instability, which makes it difficult or impossible to treat their behavior as stationary. In many of these complex systems, it is not easy to find those domains of behavior in which they are stationary, stable structurally, stable dynamically, stable. There are these stability islands, which are generally not easy to find. This is a number of terms and concepts which have been used for a long time. Can one measure complexity quantitatively? The first attempt to really define complexity in more rigorous way was already happening in the 1960s, it was done not by physicists but by mathematicians. Kolmogorov and others had a definition of complexity that has later been called “algorithmic complexity”. When you have a pattern and want to measure its complexity, their approach was the following: if you construct an algorithm that you can run on a computer, then the length of the shortest algorithm that is capable of reproducing the pattern is the algorithmic complexity of the pattern. If you have a completely regular pattern, like a period 2 process, this is a very short algorithm. That is not a huge algorithm and the complexity is low. On the other hand, if you construct your pattern as a random sequence of black and white pixels, then the shortest algorithm to reproduce that is the sequence of pixels. So that is the longest algorithm in relation to the pattern itself that you can imagine. It will be the pattern with the highest complexity score. There was a point of criticism that was quickly raised: in this sense, complexity is indeed nothing else than randomness. Then, the question is: why do we need two different names for the same phenomenon? In the 1980s, people came up with a different view point. The intuition was: if you have a completely regular behavior, that is not complex anyway but, if you only have a completely random behavior, this should also not be called complex. What should be called complex is an intricate mixture between random and regular elements in your pattern. This is a basic distinction between two different general categories of complexity measures: one of them just being a measure of randomness, the other one characterizing the mixture between order and randomness. In a review paper back in the 1990s, we reviewed all the complexity measures that existed at that time(more than 40). We tried to identify to which class they belong and how they behave on the basis of a very simple example, an artificial example: the so-called logistic map. The logistic map is a discrete recursive map. That means that you have a starting value x. The value of x at the next step is given by rx(1-x). It is a very simple map. It is a nice example because it is very simple on the one side and on the other side; it exhibits quite a lot of complicated, complex if you prefer, dynamics. What were the results of your review? First of all, we had a distinction between monotonic and convex measures. Then, within these categories, there are multiple different definitions of complexity and they all react to different features of the logistic map in different ways. For instance, take the epsilon-machine complexity. That is a very sophisticated and powerful measure. That’s worth knowing. So far as I know, it is the only measure of complexity that is embedded in a very comprehensive theoretical background. The person who originally developed this was Jim Crutchfield. He was one of the pioneers in chaos theory in the 1980s. In a way, all the other people including ourselves, just tried to identify certain measures of complexity that we thought would be interesting for a particular purpose but we did not care about a theoretical framework for them. Finally, if you are interested in identifying certain kinds of instabilities in a system, particular measures serve this purpose best but they are maybe not very sensitive to other features, like identifying periods. Is complexity linked to Emergence? Yes because that’s another one of these colloquial features of complexity. Complex systems often have a hierarchical structure. So you have levels of description. For instance, you can describe complex systems in terms of individual constituents, like individual neurons in the brain. Then, you also have other levels of description: for instance, the level at which neural assemblies are formed. Then, these neural assemblies often have properties. Some people call them emergent properties, which you cannot simply derive from their constituents unless you know something about the collective level. In physics, when you study the relationship of individual molecules in a box of gas and the thermodynamic behavior. Temperature is, of course, not a property of single molecules. In this sense, it is also an emergent property and much has been written about that example. Emergence is very intensely discussed in the context of complex systems. Another issue that is more and more discussed in the context of complex systems is the issue of reproducibility of certain results or experiments. Why are complex systems most of time not reproducible? Is it due to the subjectivity of the observer that has to be taken into account? That is one issue but I think even more basic is the intrinsic instability of complex systems. When you have unstable behavior, what usually happens is that systems search their sample space in such a way that they end up relaxing into stable attractors. But in complex systems, this can take an enormously long time. There are lots of studies which started in 1990s about these super-transients. The behavior of your complex system can remain transient. This means that your complex system does not reach the stationary regime for an extremely long time. Whenever you are still in the transient phase and you try to reproduce something, you fail, because of the instability. If you know a little bit more about your system then you may be able to calculate with certain tools the time that it takes for the system to become stationary and that helps you. Then you can say: “To achieve reproducible results, I have to wait that much time”. But if you don’t have this knowledge, then you are completely lost. Most of the research results we are talking about are a few decades old. Was there an evolution in the field of complexity this past few years or has the research on complexity attained a bottleneck? I think there was a very decisive point in time in the study of complexity. That was when people could buy for not so much money high-power computing system. The reason is obvious. You cannot analytically solve complex systems in most cases and if you really want to study them, you have to run them in simulation studies. Everything that happened before the late 1970s was more or less heuristic: mathematicians had analyticalexamples for complex systems. Those examples were the simplest ones. After powerful computer came up, everything could be simulated. Then, the whole field exploded. You just talked about simple complex systems. Does an antagonist notion of complexity like simplicity exist? Of course. The notion of simplicity has not become such a buzz word in science. Using the complexity measures we talked about before, one possibility would be: if the complexity is low, then the system will be simple. There is an interesting book on complexity. The final chapter of this book says something about Simplexity and Complicity, as opposed to Simplicity and Complexity. This word game tends to say that it is not that easy to tear complex behaviors and simple behaviors apart from another. You described diverse measures for complexity. Would it be possible to build a universality theory of complex systems? There are differences in the notion of universality classes on the way from regular to chaotic behavior. I am not saying that complexity lacks completely of a kind of universal behavior. But what we do not have is a compact set of equations that describes everything, like Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations resulted from the attempt of physicists to create a fundamental universal law for electromagnetism. In complex systems research, something like this has simply never happened. My intuition is that it is a fundamental problem in complex system theory and it is not simply that we have to work harder or to work for a longer time. Considering universality as a methodological pillar on scientific work, Peter Grassberger had an intuitive argument about this issue. He brings in the issue of meaning. For him, complexity is nothing else than the “difficulty of a meaningful task”. Thus, meaning implies subjectivity, which implies uniqueness, which is opposed to universality. That created some real controversy at that time in the study of complex systems because people realized that when you try to import meaning as an explicit object of study in physics, then you are really not doing physics anymore. At that time, a lot of people considered this as a no-go in physics. But Grassberger was courageous, he did it. I think it is interesting because it opens up a whole new level of discussion and deliberation. My favorite notion in this kind of discussion is contextuality. I would not contrast universality with the subjective but with the contextual. What do you mean by contextuality? For instance, measures of complexity are not universal but they have to be applied in a way that respects the context of the question that you have. What do you want to know? What do you look for? If your answer would be independent of the context, then it would be universal. It seems to be a vain quest to have a global wrap up of complexity. However, could meta-models give new insights on this issue? I cannot rule this out. That would change the whole methodology of theory building. What you usually do is considering experimental results, facts or data and then you try to find a model that more or less fits your data. With a meta-model, you would presuppose the data and the model that you have and try to see the relationship between them. It may be a possible path to come up with something more universal than present-day models of complex systems. Wackerbauer, Renate, et al. "A comparative classification of complexity measures." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 4.1 (1994): 133-173. Complicity and Simplexity, Ian Stewart Grassberger, Peter. "Toward a quantitative theory of self-generated complexity."International Journal of Theoretical Physics 25.9 (1986): 907-938. Retrieved from "http://2014.igem.org/Team:ETH_Zurich/human/interviews/expert7"	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line0
__label__cc	0.743084	0.256916	An American Couple Holidaying In Mexico Came Across Abandoned, Malnourished Animals. What They Did to These Animals Will Sweep You Off Your Feet! Amazing!, Cats, Dogs Jeff and Diana Hall, residents of Burnsville, Minnesota were holidaying in Mexico. While in La Paz, this couple which owns the Camp Bow Wow doggy day camp back home, came across a sight that melted their heart. They came across a pack of stray animals; famished, homeless cats and dogs. Abandoned and malnourished, the adorable little creatures they came across were struggling to survive. Though animals are capable of spreading so much love and happiness, not all of them are lucky enough to get loving and caring families. Homelessness among animals is a global problem. A recent survey by DoSomething.org points out that there are five homeless animals for every ONE homeless man on this planet. Considering that these animals were living on the roads, they had probably been seen by thousands before the Hall couple. Most people however chose to ignore these strays. They counted the animals. There were 34 of them in all. “8 puppies about 3-4 weeks old, 5 puppies about 14 weeks old, 14 adult dogs and 7 cats,” mentions their GoFundMe page. That was a huge number but this animal loving couple did not have the heart to walk away, leaving them to the mercy of onlookers. To begin with, the Halls reached out to a local animal shelter. Already packed to its capacity, the shelter expressed its inability to take in such a huge lot. At this point, the two decided to take charge of the situation. Aware of the international regulations, the Halls knew they could not take them back home. They provided these strays with food and water for a few days. But somehow were distraught about their inability to do more for them. Slowly, the animals reciprocated to their loving gestures and began to show their affection for the Halls too. “It took a while for a couple of them to trust us, but in the end they were all happy to eat out of our hands — even the toughest little guy finally came around.” Having gone through a harrowing experience together, they got along fabulously. “We couldn’t believe how they all got along! They were well behaved and very friendly,” write the Halls on their GoFundMe about the bunch whom they decided to name Baja 34 Pack. The fundraising organization for them was therefore named the Baja 34 Rescue Project. The funds thus raised has helped this compassionate couple cover the cost of these animals’ health care. “They had to spayed and neutered. They also needed vaccination.” They hope to able to raise sufficient funds to be able to transport them to home town in Minnesota. There, they hope, the animals can find loving new families. Their goal, according to their GoFundMe page, is to help the animals “find their forever families in the state of Minnesota!” The animals have started arriving in Minnesota in small lots. Several of these, including the three pups which arrived only last week, have already been adopted. The Halls, obviously pleased to see their effort bearing fruit and the animals finding affectionate caretakers, are all praises for their foster family, as they like to call the Baja 34 pack. “Each and every one of these dogs and cats are well behaved and would make wonderful family pets. Although they are starving for food, it was apparent they are also starving for love,” they mention. The laudable efforts of this endearing couple to place the miserable little animals in safe, doting hands has won over the hearts of millions of animals lovers in all parts of the globe. It comes as no surprise that monetary support is trickling in slowly albeit steadily. Visit the Baja 34 pack’s GoFundMe page if you wish to show them some love. Get Weekly Pet Stories! Brutus, the Adorable Rottweiler, Becomes the Second Dog Ever To Walk On All Four Prosthetic Limbs The Little Pup Is Having A Very Intense Dream And Then….. “Hello!” (Wonder What She Was Dreaming About?) This Is The Courting Ritual Dance Of Two Sea Horses, And Its The Most Beautiful Thing You Will See Today! OMG! This Boxer Pup Howling Is The Cutest Thing On The Internet!! Meet George. The Cat Who Spends Most Of His Time On Two Legs! 11 Dogs Who Understand Your Obsession With Pizza!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line4
__label__cc	0.662897	0.337103	Ochoa v. City of Oceanside CECILIA PEDROZA OCHOA, et al., Plaintiffs, CITY OF OCEANSIDE, et al., Defendants. ORDER GRANTING UNITED STATES’ MOTION TO DISMISS HONORABLE LARRY ALAN BURNS UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE This case arises out of the death of Daniel Pedroza. Plaintiffs allege that an officer with the Oceanside Police Department shot Pedroza without probable cause. Plaintiffs have sued three federal defendants-U.S. Internal Affairs, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the White House. The United States has moved to dismiss the claims against these three defendants. (Docket no. 30.) Legal Standards A Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(1) challenges a complaint’s jurisdictional allegations. If the court determines at any time that it lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(h)(3). The burden of proof on a Rule 12(b)(1) motion is on the party asserting jurisdiction. Sopcak v. N. Mountain Helicopter Serv., 52 F.3d 817, 818 (9th Cir. 1995). A Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim challenges the legal sufficiency of a complaint. Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 729, 732 (9th Cir. 2001). The Court must accept all factual allegations as true and construe them in the light most favorable to Plaintiffs. Cedars Sinai Med. Ctr. v. Nat'l League of Postmasters of U.S., 497 F.3d 972, 975 (9th Cir. 2007). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Jurisdiction to Sue Federal Agencies Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Plaintiffs brings their first cause of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Section 1983 “impose[s] liability upon a ‘person, ’ and a federal agency is not a ‘person’ within the meaning of these provisions.” Jachetta v. United States, 653 F.3d 898, 908 (9th Cir. 2011). Nor is the White House. Cf. Lamb v. White House Staff, 2009 WL 2526442, at 2 (D.S.C. July 22, 2009) (dismissing claim against “White House Staff” because “a defendant in a section 1983 action must qualify as a ‘person, ’” and White House Staff did not). Because the federal defendants are not “persons, ” Plaintiffs fail to state a § 1983 claim against them. Plaintiffs’ Tort Claims The remainder of Plaintiffs’ claims arise under state tort law. Alleged violations of state tort law by the federal government can be maintained only in an action pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). FDIC v. Craft, 157 F.3d 697, 706 (9th Cir. 1988) (“The FTCA is the exclusive remedy for tortious conduct by the United States.”). The filing of an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a jurisdictional prerequisite to filing an FTCA suit. Brady v. United States, 211 F.3d 499, 502 (9th Cir. 2000). Plaintiffs bear the burden of establishing jurisdiction under the FTCA and must affirmatively allege compliance with the FTCA’s administrative exhaustion requirement. Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d 637, 640 (9th Cir. 1980) (“The timely filing of an administrative claim is a jurisdictional prerequisite to the bringing of a suit under the FTCA, and, as such, should be affirmatively alleged in the complaint” (internal citation omitted)). Plaintiffs do not allege compliance with the FTCA’s exhaustion requirement, so the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over their tort claims against the federal defendants. Failure to Allege Facts to State a Claim Against Federal Defendants Plaintiffs repeatedly refer to conduct performed by “Defendants, ” but never mention any acts specifically performed by the federal defendants. Plaintiffs therefore fail to give the federal defendants fair notice of a legally cognizable claim against them. See Malletier v. The Flea Mkt, Inc., 2009 WL 1625946, at 2 (N.D. Cal. June 10, 2009). The United States’ motion to dismiss (Docket no. 44) is GRANTED. Plaintiffs’ claims against the federal defendants are DISMISSED. If Plaintiffs think they can amend their complaint to fix the problems identified in this order and the United States’ ...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line5
__label__wiki	0.742558	0.742558	Business Partners in Ukraine 100 Reasons to Invest in Ukraine Association of Foreign Investors in Ukraine Open business in Ukraine Buy business in Ukraine Invest Funds 1) Ukraine’s new tax code implemented in 2010 established zero taxation for small businesses for a period of five years and for the hospitality sector and light industry for 10 years. 2) Income tax rate in Ukraine is (01.04.2011 the rate is 23 %, from 01.01.2012 – 21%; from 01.01.2013 – 19 %; from 01.01.2014 – 16 %). 3) Budget deficit in Ukraine is projected to be 3, 08% or 38,6 billion UAH in 2011. 4) Current account deficit in Ukraine is projected to be not more than 3,5%. 5) Ukraine’s GDP was over $300 billion and its per capital GDP was about $6,700 in 2010, and its GDP growth is projected to be over 4% in 2011 for the second year in a row. 6) Ukraine is a leader in GDP growth rate among the CEE nations. 7) Ukraine has a population of more than 45 million, and a labor force of more than 22 million. Debt & Equity Markets 10) The market capitalization of the Ukrainian PFTS Stock Exchange is over $25 billion. 11) More than 800 securities are traded on the Ukrainian PFTS Stock Exchange, and 38 securities are traded on the Ukrainian UX Stock Exchange. 12) In 2010, the PFTS index rose 70.2% and the UX index rose 67.9%, outperforming all major global indices. 13) The Ukrainian stock exchanges (PFTS, UX) are projected to increase 30-40% in H2 2011. 14) The ratio of total market capitalization of Ukrainian companies to their total sales is 30% lower than comparable countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey). 15) Shares of Ukrainian banks are traded more cheaply than stocks of similar banks in Central and Eastern Europe. 16) Investors resumed buying several € billion of Ukrainian corporate and sovereign Eurobonds in September 2010. 17) Ukraine reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund for a new $14.9 billion loan in July 2010, which Ukraine has begun to drawn down in tranches. International Trade Organizations 18) Ukraine is a member of the WTO. 19) Ukraine plans to enter into a free trade agreement with the CIS in May 2011. 20) Ukraine plans to enter into a free trade agreement with the EU in 2011. Investment Ukraine 21) Ukraine led Europe in 2009 with a 48% growth year-over-year in foreign direct investment projects . 22) Ukraine received about $6 billion in foreign direct investment in 2010, a 7% growth rate year-over-year. 23) Ukraine expects to receive $21 billion in foreign direct investment in 2011-2012, 40% of it from foreign investors. 25) Ukraine’s infrastructure investments for the European Football Championship Euro 2012 include $2 billion for airports, $4 billion for high-speed rail, and over $1 billion for highways and stadiums. 26) Ukraine plans to develop the Northern European model of highways within 5 years. 27) At an International Economic Forum in September 2010, German and Swiss companies pledged to invest €185 million in the Kharkov region of Ukraine. Ukrainian-Russian Economic Cooperation 28) In November 2010, Russia and Ukraine agreed to a 10-year program on economic cooperation, that included 19 joint projects costing a total of $48 billion. 29) Ukrainian-Russian trade exceeded $35 billion in 2010 toward a long term target of $100 billion. 30) In 2010, Ukraine signed a nuclear power plant deal with Russia valued at $5-6 billion. Privatization in Ukraine 32) In 2011, Ukraine intends to accelerate the privatization of industrial enterprises, such as telecom providers, power utilities and power distribution companies, chemical manufacturers, and seaports. 33) In the first privatization of 2011, Austrian investment firm EPIC bought a 92.79 percent stake in Ukraine’s main fixed-line operator Ukrtelecom from the Ukrainian government for $1.3 billion. Energy in Ukraine 34) Ukraine produces about 100,000 barrels of oil per day. 35) Ukraine produces over 20 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year, and has proven reserves of over 1 trillion cubic meters. 36) Ukraine has five nuclear power stations with fifteen reactors with a total power output of 13.6 thousand MW, 47 thermal power stations with a total power output of 32.4 thousand MW, 6 large hydraulic power stations on the Dnieper and 55 small stations on other rivers. 37) Ukraine is a member of the EU Energy Community. 38) Ukraine’s energy strategy is for 20% of energy to come from renewable energy sources by 2020. 39) Ukraine’s feed-in tariff for renewable energy is nearly twice that of some G8 members. 40) Ukraine offers VAT exemption for importation of capital equipment used in renewable energy projects. 41) Ukraine has high average wind speeds, a good solar radiation profile, plentiful biomass raw materials, and numerous dams on the Dnieper River, all ideally suited for renewable energy generation. 42) The World Bank has pledged $200 million to Ukraine to develop energy efficiency projects, and has pledged to buy 10 million Ukrainian carbon credits. 43) Ukraine plans to sell 50 million ERUs for $1 billion. 44) The EBRD has already provided €5 billion for about 200 projects in Ukraine, and continues to provide funding of about €1 billion per year for projects in Ukraine. 45) Ukraine plans to raise $6.5 billion to modernize its gas transport system. 46) 15 wind power parks with €7 billion in planned investment are in progress in Crimea, Ukraine, and two solar power plants have been commissioned in Crimea, toward a goal of 750MW of wind energy and 1000MW of solar energy in Crimea. 47) Ukraine plans to build 52 hydroelectric power plants in the Ivano-Frankovsk region. National Innovation Project 48) The Government of Ukraine plans to apply the best practices of Silicon Valley, Singapore, and Skolkovo in its National Innovation Project. 49) Ukraine is planning to construct a Technopark in Borispol, Kiev Oblast. 50) Ukraine will create a University of Innovation and Nanotechnology. 51) Ukraine created a new Council of Domestic & Foreign Investors that includes the CEOs of Microsoft and other multinational corporations. IT Outsourcing in Ukraine 52) Ukraine has the world’s 5th largest and fastest growing IT outsourcing services market in the world, with revenues in 2011 expected to reach $1 billion 53) There are over 4,000 IT companies and about 300 ISPs in Ukraine, employing over 100,000 hardware, software and IT consulting professionals. 54) Ukraine has about 20 major IT educational centers producing about 30,000 IT-graduates annually with bachelor, MSc or PhD diplomas. 55) The cost of employing a software developer in Ukraine, or outsourcing IT business solutions development to Ukraine, is still about one-half of the cost of doing so in the EU or the US. 56) The IT industry in Ukraine is trending from system integration and development of “turnkey” information systems to Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and IT business solutions adapted for a long-term perspective. Telecommunications in Ukraine 57) The telecom services market in Ukraine has annual revenues of more than $1 billion. 58) There are more than 55 million mobile telecom subscribers in Ukraine (higher than 100% saturation). 59) Ukraine has an internet penetration rate of greater than 33%, or over 15 million users. 60) Ukraine has 425 airports and 7 heliports. 61) Ukraine has over 20,000 km of railways, nearly 17,000 km of roadways, and over 20,000 km of waterways. 62) Ukraine has pipelines for gas – 33,327 km; oil – 4,514 km; and refined products – 4,211 km. 63) Ukraine has over 150 merchant marine ships, plus nearly 200 additional merchant marine ships of foreign registry. 64) Ukraine has ports and terminals in Feodosiya, Illichivsk, Mariupol, Nikolaev, Odessa, Yushny, and Sevastopol. Metallurgy in Ukraine 65) Ukraine owns 5% of the world’s deposits of minerals, the total value is 11 trillion USD. Ukraine produces about 30 million tons of iron and steel annually, accounting for about 5% of GDP, and is the world’s third largest exporter of iron and steel. 66) The metallurgy sector in Ukraine, its largest key industry, includes 14 integrated steel making plants, 7 pipe plants, 10 plants producing metallic articles, 16 merchant-coke plants, 17 refractory production plants, 3 ferroalloy plants, 20 non-ferrous metallurgical works, 35 factories reprocessing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal, and other enterprises. 67) Ukraine has about 27 billion tons of iron ore deposits. 68) Machine-building is the largest Ukrainian industrial sector, and the largest machine-building subsectors in terms of their employment are instrument-making, tractor and agricultural machinery building, electric engineering, automobile building, chemical and petrochemical engineering, and machine-tool construction. 69) Ukraine also manufactures science-intensive and highly technological machines and equipment, including the development of the rocket and space industry, aircraft building, production of advanced tankers and large-tonnage vessels, fabrication of turbines for nuclear power plants, highly-efficient gas-pumping installations, equipment for high-voltage power transmission lines, etc. 70) Ukraine produced about 70,000 cars in 2010, and total car production in Ukraine is expected to grow 20-22% in 2011 and reach 271,600 units per year by the end of 2014. 71) Škoda’s Ukrainian arm Eurocar alone is expected to produce 100,000 units in 2011. 72) Ukraine is one out of just nine countries worldwide currently designing and building transport aircraft as well as top-class civil aircraft. 73) The Antonov Aircraft Plant manufactures the An-124 Ruslan, the world’s most power aircraft, and the An-225 Mriya (Dream) aircraft, which has been recognized by the International Aviation Federation as having scored 124 world records. Shipbuilding in Ukraine 74) The Ukrainian shipbuilding industry is a complex of colleges, universities and research centers; experienced design bureaus; 9 shipbuilding yards with different capacities and specialisation; and a number of ship repair yards. 75) Its close geographical location to European Union, combined with availability of up-to-date design bureaus, powerful production facilities of shipyards, experienced labor force, presence of strong national metallurgic industry make the Ukrainian shipbuilding industry very attractive alternative to distant shipbuilding centers. 76) Ukraine, once “the breadbasket of the Soviet Union”, has the potential to become “the breadbasket of Europe”. 77) Among all the European countries, Ukraine is a leader in growing of sugar beet, buckwheat and carrot; second place in growing of wheat (after Russia) and of tomato (after Poland). 78) The market for wheat, barley, sunflower and canola, also grown in Ukraine, has been excellent. 79) More than 60% of Ukraine is covered in Black earth top soil. 80) 28% of the population work in or are involved in agriculture, and labor is inexpensive. 81) Ukraine plans to allow the purchase of farm land in 2013. 82) The multi-branch chemical sector of Ukraine includes chemical, petrochemical and chemical-pharmaceutic sub-sectors with over 1,600 enterprises and structural units. 83) This sector in Ukraine produces mineral fertilizers, non-organic acids and soda; synthetic resins, plastic masses, chemical fiber, man-made caoutchouc and threads; and car and motor-cycle tires, hoses, and consumer goods. 84) At the present time there are 58 companies manufacturing drugs in Ukraine, mostly producing lower-priced products, such as generic drugs and vitamins. 85) Two of the countries giants in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry, Kyivmedpreparat and Halychpharm received the Ukrainian Government’s approval to merge and form Arterium Corp, which will be involved in the research, marketing and distribution of new medical products. 86) Nonetheless, pharmaceuticals imported into the country accounted for 62 per cent of the Ukrainian drugs market; therefore, there is a huge market potential for drug manufacturers willing to establish research, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution in Ukraine. 87) The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of generic medicines is projected to be 31% in Ukraine in local currency between 2011 and 2013, and by way of comparison, the innovative drug subgroups will develop on average by 14% per annum. 88) The fast moving consumer goods industry in Ukraine includes over 3,000 enterprises producing textile, knitting, clothing, leather, footwear; basic foods, such as sugar, salt, oil, alcohol, confectionery, etc.; meat and dairy processing, sugar refining, flour milling and cereals production, oil extraction and starch and molasses; and other products. 89) The FMCG sector In Ukraine has considerable production, research and labor potential, but its production capacities are not fully utilized; thus, vast reserves of the sector are potentially available to strategic investors. Retail in Ukraine 90) The Fozzy Group, the largest retailer in Ukraine, increased their revenues by 37.5% in 2010 on a 6% y-o-y increase in retail trading space. 91) Grocery retailers on the Ukrainian retail market increased their total retail trading areas by 6% y-o-y in 2010 to 2.1 million m². 92) The Ukrainian ATB-Market retail grocery chain reported the highest growth in operated retail space – a 16% y-o-y increase, after opening 71 new stores in 2010 93) The Ukrainian retail industry is still unconsolidated, with the top 10 retail operators accounting for less than 25% of the total share, and thus M&A opportunities exist for strategic investors Hospitality in Ukraine 94) More than 12 million foreign tourists visit Ukraine each year, to see the Carpathian Mountains, the coastline of the Black Sea, the Dnieper River, vineyards, ruins of ancient castles; ancient churches, cathedrals, and monasteries; world-class opera and ballet, and more 95) In the Ukrainian resort and hotel industry, demand greatly exceeds supply; there are many resorts and tourist places which are up for sale and many of them have put out proposals for investments 96) The Government of Ukraine is still seeking investors to build hotels for the one million football fans anticipated to attend the European Football Championship Euro 2012 Political Stability in Ukraine 97) Ukraine has a popularly elected President who is favored to win re-election in 2015, and a ruling coalition in the Ukrainian parliament headed by the President’s party that is expected to solidify their majority in the next parliamentary election in 2012 Anti-Corruption Law 98) In March 2011, the Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, passed a tough anti-corruption law that was praised by the EU Crime Rate in Ukraine 99) With the exception of software piracy, Ukraine’s crime rate is below that of many industrialized nations 100) Ukraine has anti-money laundering controls approved by the global Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Source: http://bearmedia.com.ua/ MAYGER LLC	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line12
__label__cc	0.707551	0.292449	How the British connect business and education The BBC has an interesting article on increasing communication and coordination between businesses and colleges (Colleges and Firms 'Must Listen' - May 24, 2006). Colleges are not meeting business needs for prepared workers, both in the area of basic skills (the conventional college education) and ongoing professional training, and to address the disconnect between these two groups, the government is setting up a network of 450 'skills brokers' to liase between businesses and colleges. Like the British, we tend to operate in silos - there seems to be limited interplay between education's stakeholders. While I've heard about isolated attempts at true collaborative efforts (see here for one example), it's more common to see groups talking past one another - schools trying to bring in businesses on the school's terms (donations of money or volunteers into programs designed by the schools) or, on the flip side, businesses trying to dictate reform to schools (something Larry Cuban writes about here). If we can't get people at the top of the business and education communities to sit down of their own accord and work out a partnership plan that incorporates shared responsibilities and mutually agreed-upon outcomes, perhaps we do need an independent liaison to tackle the job. Because it needs to happen before business will ever make a real investment in education, and it needs to happen before we can expect to see schools producing a majority of students who are ready for the next stages of their lives. Great new business/education partnership resource The Daniels Fund, a foundation in Denver, has just published a new report on school/business partnerships titled "What Works: Seven Strategies for Success." Well worth checking out. One thing I've found surprising is that, despite the number of relationships between business and education and the many forms those relationships take, there is so little published on the subject. I'm continuing to look for such resources as I build up the Business/Education Partnership Forum - if you know of any, please send them my way. PS - Thanks to Howie Schaffer's PEN Newsblast for the tip! The Business Education Partnership Forum goes live! I'm proud to announce the launch of the Business Education Partnership Forum, an online resource and community hub for anyone interested in business' involvement in education at the local, state, or national level! The site offers resources for schools and businesses, an index of organizations, a center for case studies, and an online forum to facilitate networking and discussion - I hope it becomes a true resource to people working in this area. Please visit the site and do the following: If you have any thoughts on how to make it more valuable and relevant to people in the field, email me with your thoughts. If your organization is involved in business/education engagement in some way, please add it to the Organizations section If you know of resources that would be of interest, please submit them Join the Forum section and start posting! While I've been able to add some content to the site, there's a lot more to do (particularly in building up the organizations section). Please remember that the site is ultimately going to be a byproduct of its participants - that means if you want to see it succeed, you should be proactive in recommending resources and regularly posting/responding on the Forum. Thanks for your interest - I look forward to seeing you on the Business Education Partnership Forum! Cheating the system From The Simpsons: Bart: Well Dad, here's my report card. I think you'll be pleasantly surprised. Homer: [incredulously] A-plus?!? You don't think much of me, do you boy? Bart: [almost proudly] No sir! Homer: You know a D turns into a B so easily. You just got greedy. -- from the 'Kamp Krusty' episode Cheating and education have gone hand in hand for a long time. But we usually think of it in terms of students, not the administrators, right? According to Education Sector, individual grade-changing is small fry - a real achievement would be rigging the grades of an entire state, which is exactly what many are doing to varying degrees. From their report "Hot Air: How States Inflate Their Educational Progress Under NCLB": Critics on both the Left and the Right have charged that the No Child Left Behind Act tramples states' rights by imposing a federally mandated, one-size-fits-all accountability system on the nation's diverse states and schools. In truth, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) gives states wide discretion to define what students must learn, how that knowledge should be tested, and what test scores constitute “proficiency”—the key elements of any educational accountability system. States also set standards for high school graduation rates, teacher qualifications, school safety and many other aspects of school performance. As a result, states are largely free to define the terms of their own educational success. Unfortunately, many states have taken advantage of this autonomy to make their educational performance look much better than it really is. In March 2006, they submitted the latest in a series of annual reports to the U.S. Department of Education detailing their progress under NCLB. The reports covered topics ranging from student proficiency and school violence to school district performance and teacher credentials. For every measure, the pattern was the same: a significant number of states used their standard-setting flexibility to inflate the progress that their schools are making and thus minimize the number of schools facing scrutiny under the law. Some states claimed that 80 percent to 90 percent of their students were proficient in reading and math, even though external measures such as the federally funded National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) put the number at 30 percent or below. One state alleged that over 95 percent of their students graduated from high school even as independent studies put the figure closer to 65 percent. Another state determined that 99 percent of its school districts were making adequate progress, while others found that 99 percent of their teachers were highly qualified. Forty-four states reported that zero percent of their schools were persistently dangerous. This sort of dishonestly boggles the mind - one, that people try it, and two, that we let them get away with it. You've got to admit that we make it easy by not setting uniform definitions of key educational metrics - for example, we don't even have consensus on how to define a dropout, much less what it means to be "proficient" in any particular area. But that doesn't excuse this kind of trickery - it's simply unconscionable. posted by Brett Pawlowski at 12:47 PM \| 0 comments Textbooks: an overlooked piece of the reform puzzle According to industry research, between 80-90% of teachers rely on the textbook as a fundamental instructional tool. So what happens to learning when those textbooks are, as a rule, terrible? MSNBC.com explores this issue as part of a special report titled "Can America Compete?" in the article "A textbook case of failure." From the article: If America’s textbooks were systematically graded, Wang and other scholars say, they would fail abysmally. American textbooks are both grotesquely bloated (so much so that some state legislatures are considering mandating lighter books to save students from back injuries) and light as a feather intellectually, flitting briefly over too many topics without examining any of them in detail. Worse, too many of them are pedagogically dishonest, so thoroughly massaged to mollify competing political and identity-group interests as to paint a startlingly misleading picture of America and its history. Textbooks have become so bland and watered-down that they are “a scandal and an outrage,” the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a nonprofit education think tank in Washington, charged in a scathing report issued a year and a half ago. “They are sanitized to avoid offending anyone who might complain at textbook adoption hearings in big states, they are poorly written, they are burdened with irrelevant and unedifying content, and they reach for the lowest common denominator,” Diane Ravitch, a senior official in the Education Department during the administrations of Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, wrote in the report’s introduction. “As a result of all this, they undermine learning instead of building and encouraging it,” she added. The problem, according to the article, is that textbooks are hugely expensive to produce, which means that they must find a ready market upon publication. In order to be acceptable to the market, they must be approved by committees in each state - and, since California and Texas make up 1/3 of the market, the committees in those two states hold tremendous sway over what is produced. And the power held by those committees is being directed by activists with a political, not educational, agenda. Also from the article: In Texas, the Board of Education is dominated by political conservatives who are heavily lobbied by conservative activists, among them the evangelical group Focus on the Family and the husband-and-wife team of Mel and Norma Gabler, whose tireless campaigning for religiously centered teaching materials has made them among the most influential forces in the production of American textbooks. Texas’ textbooks, which are often adopted by other states that have few alternatives, have included board-ordered passages mandating politically conservative definitions of marriage, abortion and same-sex relationships and instructing students that pregnancies are best prevented by “respecting yourself” and getting “plenty of rest.” They have eliminated any mention of condoms, even though Texas leads the nation in teenage pregnancies. In California, by contrast, the controlling forces are “social content standards” that insist that the state’s textbooks — even those in math and the sciences — portray ethnic groups, women, the elderly, the disabled and religious groups in precise proportionality to their representation in the population. Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley, now part of textbook giant Pearson Prentice Hall, developed a 161-page manual titled “Multicultural Guidelines” in 1996 just to navigate the process in California. As summarized in the Fordham Institute report, the manual says company textbooks: must include illustrations of tall and short people, heavy and thin individuals, people with disabilities, and families headed by two parents, by one parent, by grandparents, by aunts/uncles, and by other adults. When writing about the development of the U.S. Constitution, authors are directed to cite the dubious claim that it was patterned “partially after the League of Five Nations — a union formed by five Iroquois nations.” Education is a complex system, and the changes we are focusing on in a relatively few areas will absolutely fail if the rest of the system is not addressed simultaneously. What happens if you improve teacher training/education and then stick teachers with these textbooks as their foundational instructional tool? Can a better-qualified teacher get better results if these are the types of materials s/he has to work with? I've been thinking a lot about systems theory - will post more on it soon - but it's so clear that with instructional tools like these, targeted education reform efforts will trip and fall before they ever make it out of the gate. Report: Counting the Cash for K-12 Excellent report here on education spending titled "Counting the Cash for K-12: The Facts About Per-Pupil Spending in Colorado," published by the Independence Institute. While the report is focused on education spending in Colorado, they use national data in several instances for comparative purposes, and the information they provide is relevant to people across the country with an interest in K12 spending. Their primary conclusion is that we should look less at how much we spend per student and more at how we’re spending, since school budgets and per-pupil spending do not correlate with achievement. What’s more, people can manipulate or reframe spending figures to make them look better or worse depending on their purposes – a trick that can confuse the entire discussion. Some particularly interesting pullouts: An analysis by a professor at Stanford found that only 27 of 163 studies showed a positive relationship between per-pupil spending and student performance. Two-thirds of those studies showed insignificant correlations, and the rest actually showed a negative relationship. According to data from NCES, there is no significant relationship between per-pupil spending and NAEP scores, nor is there a correlation between an increase in spending and a change in NAEP scores over a 10 year period. In the 2004-05 school year, ten states claimed to be 49th in education funding: Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Louisiana, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Utah. This is only possible through various interest groups filtering spending data and presenting it in a way that supports their objectives. (In Colorado’s case, comparisons were made in terms of student spending as a percentage of personal income – because of Colorado’s fairly affluent population, per-pupil expenditures looked unreasonably low. In real dollars, spending on students in Colorado is ranked 31st in the country according to NCES data.) Well worth reading the entire report to learn more about real spending, manipulation of numbers for political purposes, and the lack of correlation between spending numbers and student achievement. posted by Brett Pawlowski at 9:30 AM \| 0 comments An impasse on civic science This comes from one of NASSMC's email briefs last week: News Brief #3565 Category: Postsecondary Education TITLE: “Civic science” Harvard president Lawrence Summers emphasized the importance of creating a more science-literate student body when he was inaugurated to his post in 2001. But when he leaves Harvard in June, not much will have changed. Plans to revamp Harvard’s undergraduate science curriculum were stymied by faculty disagreement over what constitutes science literacy. A Committee on General Education that meant to overhaul Harvard’s core curriculum considered three definitions, but never reached a consensus. “One was the view that to understand science you actually have to do lab work,” said Louis Menand, a professor of English who sat on the committee. Another theory favored courses “of relevance to the average citizen.” The third called for knowing “something about the history and philosophy of science.” There was also disagreement within each theory. In trying to decide which science fields are most socially relevant, for example, members came up with a wide range of answers, including environmental studies, evolutionary biology, genetics, immunology, and computer science. Many experts outside of Harvard advocate teaching the practical side of science to nonscientists so that they will be able to make sense of it in their everyday lives. Yet few scientists appreciate the civic importance of making science understandable for all students, said Jon Miller, a professor of political science at Northwestern University. “General education courses need to be, for scientists, your last chance to speak to someone before they are elected senator,” he said. SOURCE: Boston Globe, 30 April 2006 (p. E01) WEBSITE: http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/04/30/civic_science/ This, to me, is a very interesting quandary. We want to raise the profile of STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), and it's hard to argue against that sentiment in theory. But when it comes down to brass tacks - what gets taught in (assumedly) a very limited time frame - who gets to say what will be covered, and to what end? The changing face of education A very important article in the Washington Post on Wednesday – apparently, “Of US Children Under 5, Nearly Half Are Minorities.” To put that into perspective, the country is currently 2/3 Caucasian – and, as Jeffrey Passel of the Pew Hispanic Center states in the article, “As the children age, they are the ones who in 20 years will be having children.” That throws two tremendous challenges into the face of public education – challenges that will manifest on an epic scale. First, we have a poor track record of educating African-American and Hispanic children. They consistently trail whites and Asians on NAEP tests, and they also have much higher dropout rates than other populations. If we don’t learn to reach these audiences much more effectively, our problems will only accelerate and intensify. Next, this brings up real issues of school funding. As Andrew Rotherham has noted, as the population ages, they will feel less inclined to outlay more and more money for public education. As the article states, some older people will be even less inclined to lend their support if the school population looks less and less like them. Solutions? Anyone? New resources for community partnerships Thanks to the Public Education Network's weekly newsblast for highlighting the following new resources: The Iowa Association of School Boards has created a resource section to help school boards better communicate with their communities. The Coalition for Community Schools has released a report entitled "Growing Community Schools: The Role of Cross-Boundary Leadership." If you don't subscribe to the PEN newsblast, you should - it's one of the best resources available for anyone interested in public involvement in education. Quitting smoking, changing schools I started smoking in 1986, towards the end of my freshman year in college. Everyone was doing it, so I did it too. And I did it well: I was hooked, and kept at it for more than 12 years. I knew it was a stupid habit: it’s expensive, has terrible health effects, and makes you and everything you own smell horrible. And yet, I couldn’t stop. I tried over and over – but I couldn’t do it. And then I met Mary Brubaker. Beautiful, smart, funny – and a nonsmoker who, despite all odds, was willing to date a smoker like me. But she also made it clear that, while she enjoyed spending time together, she couldn’t see a future with someone who smoked. I quit on Thanksgiving Day, 1998, and haven’t touched a cigarette since. As for Mary, we were married the following year and now have two little ones under our roof - quite something for a couple that didn’t have a future together :-) The moral is that it’s incredibly hard to change by moving away from something without having something to move towards. If you want to change in any material way, you need to have something to move towards that’s so compelling it allows you to summon the strength to overcome habit and inertia and undergo a real transformation. There’s a parallel here to education reform. We have a laundry list of what we don’t like about our current education system, and it’s a long list indeed. So why haven’t we been able to reform education? Why have we been unable to create any real change? I submit that it’s because we’re trying to move away from something without having any idea of what we’re moving towards. We don’t have a vision of what we want education to look like: a clear, concrete vision that excites us, rallies us, and gives us a ruler against which to measure our common progress. Create the vision of Education 2.0 – then we’ll be able to create positive change. The third rail When we commit to fixing some aspect of public education, the solutions pour forth. Take literacy, for example: to enable every kid to read, we’re increasing funding, commissioning (and actually reading!) research, boosting classroom time, testing (and testing again), increasing professional development, installing scripted programs, bringing in tutors, holding rallies, and pushing formal schooling down to younger and younger children. (Have I missed anything? I’m sure I have.) But there’s one component to the development of literacy that we dare not mention. It doesn’t show up in any policy discussions, nor do we talk about it (publicly, at least) as being a part of any of the solutions mentioned above. It is The Solution Whose Name We Dare Not Speak. Parents. There, I’ve said it. Research has clearly shown that parental involvement - parents seen reading in the home, parents reading to their children, parents ensuring that children have an array of reading materials available to them - is one of the most critical indicators of success in helping a child learn how to read. And the education community treats this as an unmentionable secret. Sure, we address it to an extent at the local level: schools send home tip sheets, bring parents in to sign reading compacts, and do their best to keep parents apprised of kids’ progress through updates and report cards. But we’re asking too late – so many of the building blocks of literacy happen before a child ever walks into a formal school – and I think we’re probably beating around the bush, hinting and cajoling without ever laying things out in black and white. My jaw would drop – DROP – if I ever saw a public figure call us on this. Just imagine the following speech by a politician: My fellow parents, The ability to read is the single most important indicator of success in life. If your child does not learn to read and read well, his opportunities in life are so limited that you may as well buy him a mop and a bucket right now: he won’t get much further than minimum-wage manual labor for the rest of his life. Despite what you hear from the talking heads in the news, our schools are perfectly capable of teaching a child to read. But we have to have children who are ready to learn, who have a supportive environment at home that reinforces what they’re doing at school. From almost the time that they’re born, it is your responsibility – and only your responsibility - to prepare them to successfully learn how to read. Fortunately this is simple to do. Read to them every day, preferably a few times a day. Let them see you reading. Make sure they have access to a wide variety of reading materials in the home. That’s all it takes: do that, and they’ll be ready to learn how to read when they get to school. We’ll take it from there, although of course we’ll still expect you to do your part at home by continuing to read, continuing to emphasize the importance of reading, and holding yourselves and your child accountable when we send home work that reinforces what we’re doing in school. And if you don’t? Shame on you. You’re failing your children, relegating them to a life filled with the frustration and despair that come with living on the fringes of society. They will always look longingly at the lives that others are able to build for themselves and knowing that success is permanently out of their grasp. It won’t be the fault of the schools, nor will it be the fault of “society.” It will be your fault, and yours alone. So please: read to your children. Let them see you read. Give them access to books and other reading materials. And help them lay the groundwork for a life that can take them anywhere they decide they want to go. Good night, and good reading. Is it really such a political lighting rod to expect parents to be parents? Why aren’t we stating what is so obvious to so many: that parents have an essential role in the education of their children? Now, I do realize that we’re not in the age of the stable, nuclear family – that some parents are trying to raise kids on their own, some are working two or more jobs, and some are struggling with things I can’t even imagine. But the fact is, every kid has a limited window of opportunity here: if we miss it, their potential for literacy, and with it an education and a shot at a good life, shrinks dramatically. There are no do-overs – we get one shot, and that’s it. It’s time for every parent to be reminded of their role in the education of their children - no sense keeping it a secret anymore. posted by Brett Pawlowski at 9:36 AM \| 22 comments Bringing young scientists into the classroom Now this is exciting (courtesy of the NASSMC newsbrief): TITLE: “The Sounds of Science” Mya Thompson, a graduate student in Cornell University’s department of neurobiology and behavior, is sharing her love of science with middle-school students through a National Science Foundation fellowship. The $50-million fellowship program aims to get enthusiastic young scientists into the classroom to excite schoolchildren. At the same time, the experience forces the grad students to practice talking about science in a way that non-scientists can understand. “You have to be able to not just talk like you’re in a scientific conference,” Thompson says. Thompson teaches boys at the Hillside Children’s Center, in Varick, New York, about the nature of sound. She has taught lessons on how sound is produced, how it travels, and how it looks in soundscapes, scientific graphs of soundwaves. After recording outdoor sounds on campus for a 24-hour period, Thompson shows the students soundscapes of periodic five-minute intervals. Red spikes indicate a louder sound, yellow spikes represent medium-loud. The boys study the graphs and guess at what the sounds might be. Ms. Thompson also shares soundscapes from her research in the Central African Republic. She is recording elephant sounds, looking for ways to distinguish between male and female, young and old. She hopes her work will aid in counting the animals and bolstering conservation efforts. SOURCE: Chronicle of Higher Education, 28 April 2006 (A64) WEBSITE: http://chronicle.com/weekly/v52/i34/34a06401.htm	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line16
__label__wiki	0.743678	0.743678	CultureVulture House Porn Also in Etc Love Masters, NY Aug 8, 2011 2017 Emmys Live Blog Andrew Osborne Big Apple Bites Sept 07 Michael Wade Simpson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1vMpkIRAjo Philip Glass, SF Philip Glass at the piano Photo by Philip Meier Same, Same, Different Philip Glass, piano Solo recital of Six Etudes—Nos. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 (1994-1999), “Mad Rush” (1980), “Metamorphoses”—Nos. 2,3,4 (1989), “Dreaming Awake” (2006), and “Wichita Vortex Sutra” (1990) Novellus Theater, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco Philip Glass didn’t come to the Bay Area just to play piano at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts—although it was nice that he did. At 74, Glass remains insanely productive; he was also here to make an appearance at Lucinda Childs Dance Company’s performance of their 1979 collaboration, “Dance”—a collaboration they shared with visual artist Sol LeWitt. Both Childs and Glass were also in California to launch another acclaimed collaboration, this time with avant-garde stage director and playwright Robert Wilson, whose epic opera, “Einstein on the Beach” (1976) will have its West Coast premiere at Cal Performances in 2012. What a better time, with this schedule, to just sit at the piano and knock out a few tumbling arpeggios and shifting rhythmic phrases, as only Glass can do? Six Etudes are part of an evening length of sixteen studies total. Each approach the piano a bit differently, resulting in diverse yet familiar compositions. Those played April 30 range from the romantic melancholy of No. 2, to an urban traffic pulse and intensity of No. 3, to the meeting of two opposing characters (low octave to higher octave) that melt together in No. 9, and concluding with the frenetic rhapsody that progresses into a jazzy style in No. 10. “Mad Rush” was originally composed for organ, to which Lucinda Childs choreographed a solo just after it premiered in 1980. “Mad Rush” (view a sample here) has a complexity of rhythm and an orchestral arch to it, with drops of notes the higher octaves. “Metamorphoses” is another set of compositions drawn, in part, from a staging of Kafka’s “Metamorphosis” by Gerald Thomas. The melancholy Metamorphosis No. 2 with its heavy held base note that repeats throughout the variations 3 and 4 elicits a sense of nostalgia and defines the sonic flow typical of Glass compositions. What keeps this hugely characteristic arrangement of his, and much of the entire program, from coming off tired and trite goes beyond the genuinely unique freshness of most of his compositions, and that Glass is the one playing them. “Dreaming Awake,” which has also been set to choreography by Molissa Fenley, superimposes rhythmical structures and acrobatic changes in temper. The final composition, before an encore of “Nights on the Balcony,” was “Wichita Vortex Sutra,” named after Allen Ginsberg’s antiwar poem from the 1960s. This poem was used in his first collaboration with Glass in 1990 in the chamber opera “Hydrogen Jukebox” (named from a verse in Ginsberg’s epic poem, “Howl.”) Of this creative venture, Glass says: “In 1988…I happened to run into Allen Ginsberg at St. Mark’s bookshop in New York and asked him if he would perform with me. We were in the poetry section, and he grabbed a book from the shelf and pointed out ‘Wichita Vortex Sutra.’ The poem, written in 1966 and reflecting the anti-war mood of the times, seemed highly appropriate for the occasion. I composed a piano piece to accompany Allen’s reading, which took place at the Schubert Theater on Broadway.” When Ginsberg died in 1997, Glass put the piece aside, only recently reviving it. For this recital, Ginsberg’s prerecorded reading of the poem was played over Glass’ composition. Although the sentiment for this piece was present, it was performed as if the two of them were competing to see who could play and speak the loudest. I’m not sure why this delivery was presented this way unless to express the antiwar tension of that—and current—time or if the sound wasn’t mixed well. “Wichita Vortex Sutra” is a lovely piano piece on its own, and Ginsberg’s passionate poem—delivered with his trademark raspy voice—stands equally by itself, and yet, as presented, they seemed to be having their own tug of war. So, how did Glass do, playing his own compositions that are mostly indistinguishable one from the other? Clearly, he still genuinely enjoys what he does, which includes telling restrained history-rich war stories about each piece. And this in itself is worth paying attention to, because while the music may repeat itself over and over, who’s to say how much longer this groundbreaking composer will be playing recitals? He is a living legend and, as such, at a fairly intimate concert such as Novellus Theater, it is equally challenging to distinguish the art and the artist—both with their repetitive structures and stylistic nuances. david@moryoga.com Philip Glass at San Francisco Jazz Festival San Francisco, Michael McDonagh The Complete Piano Etudes of Philip Glass San Francisco, Philip Glass & Ravi Shankar music at the Proms London, Mary Nguyen New Century Chamber Orchestra San Francisco, ©2021 CultureVulture. All rights reserved. Learn about advertising and sponsorship.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line18
__label__wiki	0.636379	0.636379	Big Earl's History The History of Big Earl’s Greasy Eats Known as the old Cave Creek gas station, Big Earl’s Greasy Eats was designed as a station for Standard Oil in 1935 and patented in 1936. In 1936, Phoenix had 127 service stations, 14 of which were Standard Oil stations. Today, the Cave Creek station, Big Earl’s Greasy Eats, is the only known surviving example of a 1930s art deco Standard gas station in the greater Phoenix metropolis. Now a world famous restaurant, the former station originally was located on 19th Avenue in Phoenix and was moved to Cave Creek in 1952. It functioned as a Standard station until the late 1980s. Open 364 days a year, Big Earl’s Greasy Eats serves breakfast, lunch and dinner. Brooke Dallas purchases Big Earl's Greasy Eats Cave Creek, Arizona – Brooke Dallas, a native Cave Creek resident who worked for iconic Big Earl’s Greasy Eats for more than four years, purchased the business. Dallas, who has many plans for the retro restaurant/bar, says buying the business was her destiny. “I wanted to buy Big Earl’s Greasy Eats because I have worked here for years and have a deep connection with the restaurant and the many relationships I have fostered here,” says Butler. “It became apparent to me that this is where I should be.” Butler says her team of 17 employees already has removed the stage and dancing poles, which were key to the development of the restaurant/bar’s annual White Trash Bash, which takes place every July. “We are excited to bring a lot of fun and interesting changes to Big Earl’s in the coming weeks and months,” adds Butler. “Our team has added tater tots and fried pickles to the menu and are offering even more exciting adult milkshake varieties, and we plan to will add more new food items for later this year. One of our goals is to bring back the 1950s feel that made this place a piece of Arizona history, however, we have committed to continue serving the same award-winning food that people have come to love.” Dallas is planning to add Monday night family nights, video truck games monthly and a party to celebrate the sale of the establishment. Big Earl’s Greasy Eats is located at 6135 E. Cave Creek Road, Cave Creek, Ariz., 85331. The phone number is 480-575-7889, the email is: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. and the website is bigearlsgreasyeats.com.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line20
__label__wiki	0.638356	0.638356	My Test Blog My Test Wordpress Blog SVG Test This is a test of the new Gutenberg editor and the SVG app in WordPress 5.0 Alpha. Generated by Parallax View's SVG Family-Tree Generator V4.4.1. See http://parallax-viewpoint.blogspot.com/2017/05/interactive-trees-in-blogs-using-svg.html M: 9 Aug 1897 in Marylebone, London M: 21 Feb 1921 In Fulham, London B: 4 Dec 1900 in Chelsea, London D: 3 Apr 1991 in Gosport, Hampshire B: 4 Dec 1900 in Chelsea, London D: 3 Apr 1991 in Gosport, Hampshire Lily Rose Lefever (1900–1991) B: 16 June 1899 in Chelsea, London D: 1993 in Fulham, London B: 16 June 1899 in Chelsea, London D: 1993 in Fulham, London Elsie May Lefever (1899–1993) B: 1902 in Fulham, London D: 1902 in Fulham, London B: 1902 in Fulham, London D: 1902 in Fulham, London Albert Daniel Lefever (1902–1902) B: 25 Jul 1904 in Chelsea, London D: 1 Nov 1947 in Fulham, London B: 25 Jul 1904 in Chelsea, London D: 1 Nov 1947 in Fulham, London Violet Dorothy Lefever (1904–1948) B: 16 Jun 1906 in Fulham, London D: 1989 in Fulham, London B: 16 Jun 1906 in Fulham, London D: 1989 in Fulham, London William Daniel Lefever (1906–1989) B: 15 Sep 1872 in Bethnal Green, London D: 2 May 1952 in Fulham, London B: 15 Sep 1872 in Bethnal Green, London D: 2 May 1952 in Fulham, London Daniel Lefever (1872–1952) B: 18 Jul 1878 in Chelsea, London D: 9 Aug 1897 in Fulham, London B: 18 Jul 1878 in Chelsea, London D: 9 Aug 1897 in Fulham, London Amelia Harriet Edwards (1878–1956) B: 9 Dec 1895 in Fulham, London D: 25 Feb 1964 in Gosport, Hampshire B: 9 Dec 1895 in Fulham, London D: 25 Feb 1964 in Gosport, Hampshire Richard George Spencer (1895–1964) Reginald William Spencer (1921-2001) Doreen Elsie Spencer (1930-2015) Born 4 Dec 1900 in Chelsea, London Died 3 Apr 1991 in Gosport, Hampshire Born 16 June 1899 in Chelsea, London Died 1993 in Fulham, London Born 1902 in Fulham, London Died 1902 in Fulham, London Born 25 Jul 1904 in Chelsea, London Died 1 Nov 1947 in Fulham, London Born 16 Jun 1906 in Fulham, London Died 1989 in Fulham, London Born 15 Sep 1872 in Bethnal Green, London Died 2 May 1952 in Fulham, London Born 18 Jul 1878 in Chelsea, London Died 9 Aug 1897 in Fulham, London Born 9 Dec 1895 in Fulham, London Died 25 Feb 1964 in Gosport, Hampshire No notes available for Reginald William Spencer (1921-2001) No notes available for Doreen Elsie Spencer (1930-2015) Married 9 Aug 1897 in Marylebone, London Married 21 Feb 1921 In Fulham, London Test SVG2 © 2015 My Test Blog Suffusion theme by Sayontan Sinha	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line22
__label__wiki	0.660061	0.660061	A Man Escaped [Blu-ray] Robert Bresson By Robert Bell Being a comprehensive Criterion package, the Blu-ray release of Robert Bresson's ascetic, cold and exact prison escape movie, A Man Escaped comes complete with three documentaries from three different decades on the subject of the reclusive, exceptionally single-minded director. The first, a 1965 episode of Cinéastes de Notre Temps, features Bresson's first on-camera interview, which is broken up into an abundance of brief quotes suggesting a focus on cinematography as an art form unrelated to performance and theatre. Amidst many protracted clips from his films, he discusses showing only the minimum visual experience for the viewer to get a sense of what is going on. Though it's never said, it's a hint at his auteur vision or projected communication of how he sees things as translated through the medium of film. This idea is discussed comprehensively in the 1984 doc, The Road to Bresson, which features conversations with Paul Schrader, Louis Malle, Andrei Tarkovsky and actors that discuss his forced suppression of their instinct to perform. This second documentary analyzes the works of Bresson and his tendency towards insular thinking—not watching anyone else's films and ignoring the progression of cinema beyond his works—noting his intensity and specific knack for crafting works of visual specificity. For example, The Man Escaped is a masterpiece of deceptive simplicity, using a mathematic, minimalist precision to document the facts and experiences of French Resistance leader Fontaine (François Leterrier) and his plan to escape prison. Shots are exact and oft-repeated, showing only the actions necessary to encapsulate the single-minded pursuit of a man seeking freedom from oppression. More than a mere prison escape movie, this cool handling of the mirror and use of actors as empty vessels or models—as Bresson puts them in some of his notes outlined in the third doc, The Essence of Forms--works as a piece about humanity and its will (no references to Schopenhauer are made). Some have referred to it as a spiritual work, while others read into the intense preservationist nature of the human psyche—one that considers killing a cellmate to protect one's own needs—presented. These concepts are discussed in detail in the third documentary but are handled with more romantic nostalgia than was presented in the earlier examinations, showing the affects that time has on perception. An essay from film scholar Tony Pipolo and a discussion about the use of sound are also included with the 2K digital restoration of a film that looks clear and crisp on the Blu-ray format. (Criterion) More Robert Bresson	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line25
__label__wiki	0.775719	0.775719	#FFUNSA About the Faculty of Philosophy Teaching Process Department of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Language Department of Comparative Literature and Library Sciences Department of German Language and Literature Chair of Archaeology Chair of Art History Department of Literatures of the Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina Department of Oriental Philology Department of Pedagogy Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures Centre for Scientific Research and Expert Activities The Chair for English Language and Literature—currently the Department of English Language and Literature—was established in 1951 as part of the Chair for German Language and Literature and English Language and Literature. In 1961, separate Chairs for English Language and Literature and for German Language and Literature were established. Obren Vukomanović and Ljubica Vojnović were the first to teach English language courses, while Olga Humo and Ivo Vidan were the first to teach English literature courses. In 1954, Branka Bokonjić joined the teaching staff and Svetozar Koljević joined the following year. In 1957, Damir Kalogjera joined the Department as a teaching assistant. In 1955, the Chair graduated its first students. The core teaching and research fields at the Department are branches of linguistics (morphology, phonetics, morphosyntax, syntax, sociolinguistics, pragmatics, the history of language, contrastive linguistics and linguistic theory), contemporary English language, English and American literature, including both surveys and the study of individual literary movements and periods (the age of Shakespeare, Renaissance poetry, Romantic poetry, the 18th and 19th century novel, the American Renaissance, American literature of the 1920s, 20th century British literature), the social and cultural history of Great Britain and the United States, the methodology of English language teaching in primary and secondary schools, and translation and interpreting studies. The programme is organised in two cycles (3+2). The development of the Department of English Language and Literature can be traced through the number of graduates: In 1955 one student graduated; in 1956 two students graduated; in 1966 seventeen students graduated; seventy-two graduated in 1976; forty-three in 2004; while in 2009 there were 41 graduates from the first cycle of the Bologna programme and 43 graduates from the four-year pre-Bologna programme. The Department and its individual members and associates have taken part in projects at various academic institutions, participated at academic and professional conferences, and published monographs and journal articles in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, as well as in English, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslavia, and further abroad. Members of the Department have taught at universities in Europe, America and Asia as visiting professors, and have lectured at local and foreign universities and other academic and professional institutions. They have also received various prestigious graduate and postdoctoral research grants. In terms of its teaching staff, a high point for the Department was in 1990 when there were 24 members of the teaching staff, including 12 PhDs. In the recent past, dozens of instructors, associates and foreign lectors from the former Yugoslavia, as well as from Great Britain, the USA, France and Spain, have worked at the Department for shorter or longer periods. During the war, only one professor, Dr. Zvonimir Radeljković, remained at the Department. During these very difficult years, Dr. Radeljković served as the dean of the Faculty, ensuring not only its survival but also its dignity. In the post-war years, the number of faculty members and associates grew relatively quickly. Dr. Zvonimir Radeljković was joined by Dr. Srebren Dizdar, Dr. Midhat Riđanović, Dr. Lada Šestić, Dr. Snežana Bilbija, higher lector Spomenka Beus, teaching assistants Ksenija Kondali, Merima Osmankadić and Amira Sadiković, and later by Dr. Nedžad Leko, Jasminka Mehić and Dževahira Arslanagić. International visiting professors offered a lot of assistance in teaching during the war and the immediate post-war period. This was made possible by donations primarily from the Open Society Foundations (Soros Foundation) and the World University Service—Austrian Committee. Key among them were the American poet Christopher Merrill who taught English literature while the conflict was still ongoing, Dr. Dora Maček from the University of Zagreb, Noreen Skennion and Christopher Biehl from the USA, and Desmond Maurer from Ireland. Since its establishment, leading critics and writers from Great Britain, the USA and other countries—critics such as David Daiches and Graham Hough, writers such as Chinua Achebe, Mark Strand, William Kennedy and James Hawes—as well as leading world linguists, such as Claire Kramsch, Bas Aarts and Daniel Perrin, have lectured at the Department. The Bologna reform was an opportunity for the Department to enrich its programme by modernising its curriculum and programmes. Therefore, after the three-year first cycle, students can choose among four programmes: teaching, linguistics, literature and translation. This has shown itself to be the right decision and the Department is successfully educating new generations of teachers, translators and scholars. The Department of English Language and Literature is the only one in Bosnia and Herzegovina to offer students instruction in interpreting. At this moment, there are two Chairs at the Department of English Language and Literature (the Chair of English Language and the Chair of English and American Literature) with 21 faculty members and associates: two full professors (Dr. Srebren Dizdar, Dr Nedžad Leko), five associate professors (Dr. Sanja Šoštarić, Dr. Shahab Yar Khan, Dr. Merima Osmankadić, Dr. Amira Sadiković, Dr. Ksenija Kondali), eight assistant professors (Dr. Selma Đuliman, Dr. Larisa Kasumagić-Kafedžić, Dr. Ifeta Čirić-Fazlija, Dr. Lejla Mulalić, Dr. Faruk Bajraktarević, Dr. Melisa Okičić, Dr. Nataša Stojaković, Dr. Nejla Kalajdžisalihović), one teaching associate (Davor Njegić, MA), three teaching assistants (Alma Žero, MA, Srebrenka Mačković, MA, Nermina Čordalija, MA), one lector (Vedad Lihovac) and one foreign lector (Stephen Hefford). During its sixty years of existence, the Department has established special relations with a number of institutions abroad, especially in Great Britain, the USA, Norway, and Japan. Notable among them are the Scottish Universities’ International Summer School from Edinburgh where students from the Sarajevo Department of English Language and Literature have been participating for over a decade; Grand Valley State University from Michigan where faculty and students from the Sarajevo Department have taught and studied; the Department of English Language and Literature in Bergen, Norway where a significant number of faculty and associates from the Department have taught, studied and carried out research for their MA theses; and Smith College from Massachusetts with which the Sarajevo Department of English Language and Literature has been developing a partnership not only for a very active exchange of students and faculty, but also for developing a programme in American Studies under the patronage of the State Department. Invitations for visiting positions at far-away universities such as Sophia University in Japan and ongoing projects with prestigious partners, such as the European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML) and the College of William and Mary (the second oldest higher education institution in the US) and many others, testify to the broad scope of teaching and research activities at the Department. A contemporary curriculum with a dynamic and comprehensive teaching approach make the Department attractive to many international students and faculty who come to Bosnia and Herzegovina through various exchange programmes. The Department has hosted colleagues from various European countries each year since the introduction of programmes such as Erasmus and Mevlana. The Department has established a biannual academic conference, “Conference on English Language, Linguistics, Teaching and Translation Studies” (CELLTTS), that brings together scholars and researchers from around the world. FREEDOM OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO Franje Račkog 1, 71000 Sarajevo © Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo (IT Support Service & Chair of Librarianship)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line29
__label__wiki	0.611819	0.611819	Tag: 爱上海CQ \| zlkkzjtg BURLINGTON, Vt.–At Champlain College’s Commencement Ceremony on May 7, the College presented its Distinguished Citizen Award to Major General Martha T. Rainville –the Adjutant General of the State of Vermont–and the members of the Vermont National Guard.The ceremony was presided over by the chair of the Champlains Board of Trustees, William G. Post, Jr., and President Dr. Roger H. Perry, who delivered the Commencement Address and will retire at the end of June. Post said the awardees have collectively demonstrated tremendous leadership skills and community service, both in and outside of the Guard.When Champlains trustees met to discuss this years recipients, these were some of the words that were shared: Dignity, service and caring, Post said.Champlain College Trustee Bill Cody recently retired from the Army National Guard and he said, The Vermont Guard has served our country and our state above and beyond the call of duty. And Marthas care and concern for the welfare of the soldiers, air men and women, and their families are unsurpassed.Post said General Rainville has handled an important and sensitive job with grace and dignity in a very difficult timea time when soldiers have been deployed for active duty in the Middle East and other parts of the world. The efforts of the Guard and the General have been noticed across the state and on the national level. U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy said, Adjutant General Martha Rainville has been a superb leader during an especially difficult time for members of the Vermont National Guard and their families. He has said the Guard embodies the spirit of service that has always been a hallmark of Vermonters.Members of the Guard stand ready to assist Vermonters in times of need, Post said. They also make their mark as distinguished citizens by being involved in many civilian and community organizations, and General Rainville exemplifies that trait. Rainville has been involved in St. Albans town government, the Northwestern Medical Center, the American Heart Association, District 6 Environmental Commission, Vermont Veterans Home, and in her church.General Rainville oversees 4,000 members of the Vermont Army and Air National Guard and she manages a budget of $115 million. read more The evergreen Neil Danns accepts Liverpool FC Academy coaching role \| ovtouotc By Ras WadadaFORMER Liverpool FC Academy student and current professional player, English-born Neil Danns Jr, has been appointed U-13’s and U-14’s coach of the academy where he began his football nurturing at the tender age of 12.The soon-to-be 38-year-old Golden Jaguars player, who has over 500 professional games in England to his credit and 17 International appearances for Guyana, brings to the academy a wealth of experience across all levels of the `Beautiful Game’.Speaking exclusively to Chronicle Sport via WhatsApp recently, the Liverpool born-and-bred midfielder said that his duties will be part-time and he is looking forward to the opportunity to coach.“Coaching is something I have always been interested in. I got my coaching badges 3 years ago, so that when the time comes like now I am ready.“This opportunity at Liverpool has to do mainly with the fact that I came through the youth system there until I was 16 years and also my son plays for the academy so I am always there watching my son at training and communicating with the coaches who thought it would be best for me to join the coaching staff in order to pass on my knowledge to the younger generation.“It is indeed a great opportunity for me since it does not interfere with my playing and I am really excited I must say,” Danns declared.“What makes this opportunity more special is that some of the coaches who helped me hone my talents there from 12 years old are still there and coaching my son. It is unbelievable to hear them calling my son the same name they used to call me; Yorkey or Dwightee in reference to Caribbean legend Dwight Yorke whom I admired so much as a youth. It’s amazing and it makes me proud.”Danns, who currently holds a UEFA `B’ Licence certificate is aiming to secure his `A’ Licence next summer and feels this is the ideal start to his coaching career. At the moment he has no immediate plans to quit playing although he admits in a couple of years’ time he will hang up his boots and go full-time into coaching.“This involvement at the academy will give me good experience and prepare me for full-time coaching. It is important to pass on whatever knowledge you have, so whenever I am in Guyana I sure will be sharing what I have learnt with coaches and players,” Danns assured.The youthful-looking golden jaguar explained that he will give four sessions of 2 hours each week and when he has an off-weekend from playing he will overlook the games of the youths at the academy.Danns Jr got reconnected to his roots in Guyana, thanks to Guyana’s former captain Christopher Nurse and football agent Fizul Khan, who invited him to join the Golden Jaguars and without hesitation he responded in the affirmative.“My connection to Guyana is through my grandfather, Edmond Danns, who was born and raised in Linden as I found out. I am thankful also to one of my cousins in Guyana, Carwyn Holland, who gave me so much knowledge about my roots and where my grandfather was from.“He made me visit Linden and I was able to see where my roots are on my father’s side and man, it was amazing. Unfortunately my grandfather died while my dad was young so I never had the chance to meet him.It was so fulfilling to finally get to Guyana and see exactly where my DNA was from and ever since I first came to Guyana I fell in love with the country and the people. It has given me some of the most amazing life experiences that I could have ever wished for; so to represent my grandfather and carry his name on my back when I am playing for Guyana is something very special.“It was such a special feeling, especially at the Gold Cup and there is no better way I could have honoured him, having never met him,” recalled the man who scored all 3 goals for Guyana at their debut appearance of the Gold Cup last year.Danns stated that it would be a dream come true, to one day coach the Golden Jaguars, “Maybe in the distant future I will be able one day to take up the role as head coach – another dream of mine.“To be able to take up such a role would be something very, special as football continues to bless me with so much. I would love for that day when I will be able to lead out Guyana as head coach and more importantly pass on my experiences.“At the moment I think coach Maximo is doing an absolutely fantastic job with the National team and it’s a pleasure to be part of his plans and what he is building”.The midfielder, whose professional career began in 2000, at the age of 18, has played over 500 games in England at various divisions from Premiership to League One and scored over 100 goals at central midfield, but his greatest moment was scoring for Guyana at the Gold Cup.“Scoring the penalty against Panama remains my greatest moment as a golden jaguar since it was Guyana’s first goal at a major International tournament. It is a moment I will cherish forever and it will live with me forever. I still watch the footage and every time I watch it I am filled with so much pride since I know most Guyanese watching the game live and on TV felt just as proud”.“Everything I do, I do to the best of my abilities, whether it’s playing football or raising my children. Everyone has got talent. It doesn’t matter if you are blessed with more talent, or less talent than anyone. The only thing that matters is that you push yourself into being the best that you can be.“When I am finished playing and go into coaching full-time I will have the same mentality and give it my all and if that is enough to get me into a job at the Championship or Premier level I would be grateful,” proclaimed the scorer of nine goals from 17 appearances as a Golden Jaguars player.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line35
__label__cc	0.701221	0.298779	Home > Posts tagged "Donald Trump" Huawei files motion to challenge US ban by Iheanacho Henry - May 29, 2019 May 29, 2019 Huawei this morning began the process of challenging the Trump administration’s sweeping ban. The Chinese hardware giant has filed a motion for summary judgement that calls into question the constitutionality of the section of the National Defense Authorization Act used to halt imports. The company’s Chief Legal Officer cited Huawei’s usual U.S. to fix trade gap with Japan – Trump US President Donald Trump kept up pressure on Japan to cut its trade surplus with America, saying ahead of a summit with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe that he expected some announcements, probably in August, with the trade gap straightened out rapidly. Trump added that he expected “good things” to emerge from Trump’s latest explanation for the Huawei ban is unacceptably bad By Russell Brandom Over the past week, the US government has taken extreme and unprecedented steps against Huawei, cutting it off from every US partner at the risk of a long-term rupture in trade between the US and China. But while the impact of the order is clear, it’s still not Prince Charles to meet Trump during state visit to UK Britain’s Prince Charles has agreed to meet with US President Donald Trump during his state visit to the United Kingdom in early June, CNN reported. Trump and Charles, heir to the UK throne, are expected to meet for afternoon tea at Clarence House, the official residence of the Prince and Trump plans official launch of re-election campaign mid-June – sources President Donald Trump is facing a potentially difficult path to winning a second term in November 2020, plans an official rollout to his re-election campaign in mid-June, sources said on Monday. The mid-June is the four-year anniversary of his first run. Trump is likely to kick off his campaign with a Unemployment hits 49-year low in US by Iheanacho Henry - May 6, 2019 May 6, 2019 Hiring accelerated and pay rose at a solid pace in April, setting the stage for healthy United States economic growth to endure despite fears of a slowdown earlier this year. Employers added 263,000 jobs, with the unemployment rate dropping to a five-decade low of 3.6 per cent from 3.8 per Trump arrives UK for first State visit. by admin - July 12, 2018 President Donald Trump and First lady, Melania, on Thursday arrived the Stansted Airport in the UK for his first official visit since becoming US President. Trump and Melania landed on Air Force One at 2pm in London as they embark on a four-day tour of the UK, according to reports. They will Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin to hold talks in July. by admin - June 28, 2018 United States President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin have scheduled bilateral talks for July 16 in Helsinki, Finland, the White House said in a press release on Thursday, as well as by the Kremlin. “President Donald J. Trump and President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation will meet on CIA report says that North Korea is NOT willing to give up its nuclear weapons in the near future but is thinking of opening a burger restaurant in Pyongyang as a show of goodwill. A new U.S. intelligence evaluation shows that North Korea does not plan to give up its nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future. This contradicts President Donald Trump saying that Pyongyang plans to do just that in the future. Trump continues to chase a nuclear summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Reality star, Kim Kardashian set to meet Trump at the White House to discuss pardoning a first-time drug offender. by admin - May 30, 2018 May 30, 2018 Kim Kardashian will be meeting Donald Trump at the White House on today to discuss pardoning a first-time drug offender Alice Johnson as well as the countries prison reforms. She will first sit down with the president's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, before seeking a pardon from President Trump for Alice Johnson -	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line38
__label__wiki	0.556064	0.556064	The Michael Nelson Prize The IAMHIST-Michael Nelson Prize for a work in media and history is a biennial prize awarded for the book, radio or television programme or series, film, DVD, CD-ROM, or URL making the best contribution on the subject of media and history, which has been published or shown in the preceding two years. The prize is dedicated to Michael Nelson, whose passion for media and journalism inspired IAMHIST throughout the years. For more information on Michael Nelson, please consult: www.michaelnelsonbooks.com Two awards are made. The first, a prize of $1000, will be for the best contribution by a book; the second, a prize of $1000 will be for the best contribution by a (multi) media contribution: this second prize will consider media such as films, CD-ROMs, and URLs separately from print media, For the most recent call for submissions, and rules for the Michael Nelson prize, please visit here. In 2017, Shelley Stamp was awarded the Michael Nelson Prize for Lois Weber in Early Hollywood (California: University of California Press, 2015). Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television Prizes Each year the IAMHIST Council awards prizes for the best articles by both an established scholar and a new scholar published in the Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. They are: The David H. Culbert Routledge-IAMHIST Prize for Best Article by an Established Scholar Previous winners have included: Kate Fortmueller, ‘Gendered Labour, Gender Politics: How Edith Head Designed her Career and Styled Women’s Lives’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 38: 3 (September 2018), pp.474-94. Sangjoon Lee, ‘Creating an anti-communist motion picture producers’ network in Asia: the Asia Foundation, Asia Pictures, and the Korean Motion Picture Cultural Association’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 37: 3 (September 2017), pp.517-538. David Goodman, ‘A transnational history of radio listening groups I: the United Kingdom and United States’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 36: 3 (September 2016) pp.436–465, and ‘A transnational history of radio listening groups II: Canada, Australia and the world’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 36: 4 (December 2016) pp.627–645. Valeri Whitmer, ‘Channelling Anti-Fascism: Macleish, Welles and the Disorienting Power of the Announcer’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 35: 2 (June 2015), pp. 319-338. The Philip M. Taylor Routledge-IAMHIST Prize by a New Scholar Penny Chalk, ‘Edgar Dale’s Film Appreciation Programme: An Early Education in Adaptation’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 38: 4 (December 2018), pp.729-42. Laura Mayne, ‘Whatever happened to the British “B” movie? Micro-budget film-making and the death of the one-hour supporting feature in the early 1960s’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 37: 3 (September 2017), pp.559-576. Andrew J. Bottomley, ‘The Ballad of Alan and Auntie Beed: Alan Lomax’s radio programmes for the BBC, 1943–1960’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 36: 4 (December 2016) pp.604–626. Rebecca Harrison, ‘Writing History on the Page and Screen: Mediating Conflict through Britain’s First World War Ambulance Trains’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 35:4 (December 2015), pp. 559-578.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line44
__label__wiki	0.676346	0.676346	Stolen Art A Film by Simon Backes In New York City in 1978, an unknown Czech artist by the name of Pavel Novak held an exhibit at WX Gallery entitled "Stolen Art," which featured paintings by Rembrandt, Courbet, Van Gogh and other great masters, all reproduced with astonishing accuracy by Novak. Following the claim by a private collector that one painting, Courbet's "The Calm Sea" was actually an original stolen from his home, the FBI shut down the exhibit and Novak disappeared without a trace. In investigating the scandal created by this outlaw artist, filmmaker Simon Backes learns that few today are aware of the event while those who are refuse to speak about it. His search takes him worldwide-from New York to Prague, Leiden, Paris, St. Petersburg, St. Moritz and Rome-as he visits leading museums and interviews art experts, curators, collectors, journalists, and critics, including Karel Michalik, a colleague of Novak's, who wrote a provocative essay for the exhibit's program. In the course of its investigation-which includes Super 8mm footage of the 1978 exhibit (with Andy Warhol, among others, in attendance) and journalist Barbara Lorey's tape-recorded phone interview with Novak-the film discusses his philosophy of the "reappropriation" and "redistribution" of great art, how authentic art can be distinguished from reproductions, the relationship between artists, critics and collectors, the role of memory in art appreciation, and the role of art forgers. In trying to determine whether Novak was a brilliant art forger or a remarkable thief, however, the mystery merely thickens and the question becomes not so much who created what, but who created whom? "Fascinating… the film goes out of its way to be accessible to art newbies and explains many interesting concepts of art appreciation and interpretation in the midst of a Usual Suspects-like mystery that also plays like a comedy of errors that is international copyright law."— Erin Donovan, linktv.org "An investigation with the allure of a philosophical thriller… brimming with intelligence and erudition."— Philippe Simon, Cinergie, revue du Cinema Belge "Is true art illegal? Do paintings lose their beauty once they are privately hoarded and can no longer be appreciated collectively? The questions raised are as intriguing as the answers."— Angie Driscoll, Hot Docs Festival Program Art, Cultural Studies, US & Canadian Broadcast Rights The contemporary art world is changing dramatically. How are collectors, museum directors, dealers and artists responding to transformations in the market? Explores the artist's work and philosophy, using extensive interviews and documentation of artwork installed around the world. Secret Museums For millenia erotic art has been created, often by some of the world's best-known artists. But it is rarely on public display. Last Updated January 10, 2021 [Build 3.0.a048-d7]	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line45
__label__cc	0.681246	0.318754	Jennifer Sinor On Teaching and Writing Sky Songs: Meditations on Loving a Broken World Sky Songs is a collection of essays that takes inspiration from the ancient seabed in which Jennifer Sinor lives, an elemental landscape that reminds her that our lives are shaped by all that has passed through. Beginning with the conception of her first son, which coincided with the tragic death of her uncle on an Alaskan river, and ending a decade later in the Himalayan home of the Dalai Lama, Sinor offers a lyric exploration of language, love, and the promise inherent in the stories we tell: to remember. About Jennifer Sinor Writer, teacher, mother, and certified yoga instructor, Jennifer Sinor is the author of several books of creative nonfiction, including, most recently, Sky Songs: Meditations on Loving a Broken World. The recipient of the Stipend in American Modernism, Jennifer has also been nominated for the National Magazine Award. When she is not writing or teaching or spending time with her husband, the poet Michael Sowder, and their two teenage sons, Jennifer can be found practicing yoga in Logan, Utah. A professor of English, Jennifer teaches creative writing at Utah State University. Read More © 2021 Jennifer Sinor	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line47
__label__cc	0.556117	0.443883	Japanese Football Stadiums / December 28, 2020 As the International Cricket Council (ICC) again gears up to organise a major cricketing tournament, the first global event of the year comes in the form of the ICC Women’s World Cup Qualifier 2017, which is all set to get underway in Colombo, Sri Lanka from Tuesday. 10 teams in the form of India, Ireland, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Zimbabwe, Scotland and Papua New Guinea (PNG) will compete for the four spots that are up for the grabs. The 15-day tournament starts on February 7, 2017, as the opening game takes place between the hosts Sri Lanka, who take on the Indian eves, at the P Sara Oval. The top four teams in the super-six stage will be qualifying for the main event, which will be held in England in June 2017. ICC Women’s World Cup Qualifier 2017: Live cricket streaming online Although one team will be crowned the champions following the final on February 21, four will make it to the main stage of the ICC Women’s World Cup 2017 along with the ICC Women’s Championship. However, the remaining two teams from the Super-six stage would be guaranteed of an ODI status in the next ICC cycle. With the stakes high in the qualifier contest as well, every team would be aiming to gain something from the event. Meanwhile, the matches of this qualifier event will also be streamed live by the ICC through its digital platforms for the first time ever, indicating ICC’s continued stance on developing and improving the quality of the Women’s game. The first match between hosts Sri Lanka and India is all set to be streamed live on Tuesday. Here are the team standings: Super sixes: N/R NRR India +1.847 South Africa +0.877 Pakistan +0.382 Sri Lanka -0.055 Bangladesh -1.006 Ireland -2.049 Group A: Zimbabwe -1.565 Thailand -1.491 Group B: Papua New Guinea -2.623 “The ICC Women’s World Cup Qualifier 2017 is a very important event, with some of the best teams competing for spots in the ICC Women’s World Cup 2017. I’m sure the comprehensive coverage of the Colombo event across our digital platforms will showcase the talents of the players to a huge audience of cricket fans, and continue to build the profile of the women’s game, ” said Geoff Allardice, ICC’s General Manager. Source: www.cricketcountry.com - AFC Qualification - AFC qualifiers	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line48
__label__wiki	0.619983	0.619983	A Centennial Tribute to Margaret Lockwood Move-In Day at UC San Diego Tonight's Movie: Prairie Thunder (1937) - A Warner... Tonight's Movie: Jason Bourne (2016) Tonight's Movie: Cool Runnings (1993) Tonight's Movie: Sully (2016) Tonight's Movie: Just Pals (1920) Tonight's Movie: State Fair (1933) Tonight's Movie: Yours, Mine and Ours (1968) - An Olive Films Blu-ray Review Henry Fonda and Lucille Ball star in the family comedy YOURS, MINE AND OURS (1968), released on DVD and Blu-ray last week by Olive Films. I've seen the movie a number of times over the years, and the good-looking Blu-ray edition made revisiting the film a particularly enjoyable experience. Growing up I enjoyed numerous books and movies inspired by true stories about large families, such as CHEAPER BY THE DOZEN (1950), ROOM FOR ONE MORE, or THE FAMILY NOBODY WANTED, to name just a few. YOURS, MINE AND OURS is another story in that vein, based on Helen (North) Beardsley's book WHO GETS THE DRUMSTICK? Helen North was a widow with eight children who married Frank Beardsley, a widower with ten children. They went on to have two children together, though only one is shown in the film. Fonda and Ball star as the Beardsleys. The film was a reunion for the actors, who had starred in THE BIG STREET in 1942. They're pros, of course, although I must say I really noticed this time around they were getting on in years to be playing these roles; according to his obituary, Frank was 45 when they married. Helen was 31. Fonda and Ball were...let's just say not 45 and 31! YOURS, MINE AND OURS is a highly watchable if imperfect movie. It's hard not being entertained by a couple trying to work out a relationship while surrounded by 18 children and the attendant challenges of raising them, plus Van Johnson adds some wry humor as Fonda's best friend. At the same time, the film has moments of exasperating silliness and at times verges on the crass. That said, despite the fact that it's a flawed film it's drawn me back to rewatch it multiple times over the past decades, a testimonial to the film's staying power. Viewers who like the actors or share my enjoyment of "big family" stories will probably enjoy it as well. The most recognizable children and teens in the cast are Morgan Brittany (billed Suzanne Cupito), Kimberly Beck, Tim Matheson, and a very young Tracy Nelson. Some of the other children, including Mitch Vogel, Eric Shea, and Michelle Tobin, were familiar episodic TV faces "back in the day." The cast also includes Tom Bosley as the family doctor and Ben Murphy as a boyfriend. YOURS, MINE AND OURS was directed by Melville Shavelson, who was also one of several people who worked on the script. It was filmed by Charles F. Wheeler. The movie runs 111 minutes. Incidentally, I've not seen the 2005 remake with Dennis Quaid and Rene Russo, but understand it changed the story and characters considerably. As a postscript, one of Helen's children has written a book alleging that reality was a far cry from that portrayed in his mother's book and in the movie. I own the previous MGM DVD which was released a number of years ago, and the widescreen Olive Films Blu-ray is a nice step up from that older fullscreen-only DVD. I put the DVD in the player for a quick comparison of a few scenes; the fullscreen version of the 1.85 film isn't as bad as one might anticipate, but the new widescreen print is definitely more desirable, whether it's a shot of an aircraft carrier or a gazillion children crowding into a kitchen. The Blu-ray also has a noticeably crisper picture. The Blu-ray includes the trailer. Thanks to Olive Films for providing a review copy of this Blu-ray. When I first saw this film I was young and it never occurred to me that the leads were appreciably older than their characters. They were grown-ups and actors. The older I get the more I tend to notice this sort of thing. I don't let it detract from my enjoyment of the movie. It is noted, accepted and then pushed to the back as the movie continues. That's a good description, Caftan Woman! Agree with all of the above.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line50
__label__wiki	0.502286	0.502286	Excerpt: Investigative Journalism in the Age of the Social Web This is an excerpt of my most recent feature on Mashable.com. Read it in full here. In a society that is more connected than ever, investigative journalists that were once shrouded in mystery are now taking advantage of their online community relationships to help scour documents and uncover potential wrongs. The tools and information now available to journalists are making the jobs of investigative outlets more efficient. The socialization of the web is revolutionizing the traditional story format. Investigative reporters are now capturing content shared in the social space to enrich their stories, enabling tomorrow’s reporters to create contextualized social story streams that reference not only interviewed sources, but embedded tweets, Facebook postings and more. Journalists are also leveraging the vast reach of social networks in unprecedented ways. In many respects, social media is enabling watchdog journalism to prosper. Here’s how. Distributed Reporting On the social web, investigative journalists are tapping citizens to take part in the process by scouring documents and doing shoe-leather reporting in the community. This is advantageous because readers often know more than journalists do about a given subject, said Jay Rosen, a journalism professor at New York University. “That was always the case, but with the tools that we have today, that knowledge can start flowing in at relatively low cost and with relatively few headaches,” Rosen said. Rosen admits that we are just starting to learn how to do this effectively, but there are certainly some great experiments being done. Talking Points Memo Muckraker had success with this approach by having its readers help sort through thousands of documents pertaining to the investigation of the U.S. Department of Justice’s controversial firing of seven United States attorneys in 2006. TPM provided clear instructions to its readers to cite specific documents that included something interesting or “damning.” Even though they had hundreds of readers contribute in the comments, it’s important to remember the often invisible factors that contribute to that success. The site’s readers had a shared background knowledge because they had been following the story as Josh Marshall and his team developed it over months of reporting. They were also motivated to show that the attorney general had done something wrong, Rosen pointed out. A similar example on a grander scale is that of The Guardian deploying its community to help dig through 458,832 members of parliament (MP’s) expense documents. They’ve already examined roughly half of those, thanks to the 27,270 people who participated. The Guardian rewarded community participants by creating a leader board based on the quantity and quality of their contributions and also highlighting some of the great finds by its members. Read it in full here. Online Journalism, Social Media, Tools, Trends Facebook, investigative journalism, journalism, mashable, reporters, Social Media, Twitter Vadim Lavrusik xPerson Theme By SketchThemes	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line51
__label__cc	0.545723	0.454277	House-Museum Ilyo Voivoda The house was built in the seventies of the nineteenth century and after the Liberation to 1898 in it lived Ilyo Voivoda - one of the renowned figures of the National liberation movement. The house was restored in 1979-1980, and officially was opened as a museum in January, 1981. Together with the monument of the voivode and the restored houses of two others revolutionary activists from Kyustendil - Konstantin Popgeorgiev Berovski and Tonche Kadinmostki is formed a complete Renaissance memorial complex. Now the house is restored and hosts an exposition called: “The National Liberation fights of the people from Kyustendil. Focus is given to the battles from the XV century up to the Liberation, as well as to the people’s contribution to the national liberation and unification of the Bulgaria in the late XIX and early XX century. The exhibition is located in six rooms, has an area of 150 square meters and contains about 800 exhibits. It follows the national-liberation activities of the population in Kyustendil until Bulgaria's Liberation. Basic accents in it are the life and work of Ilyo, а rebellion of May 1876, the participation of local people in the Bulgarian volunteer force and the town's liberation from Ottoman rule in January 1878. Address: 189 boulevard Tsar Osvoboditel, Kyustendil Telephone: 078/55-01-26 on the stage of Kyustendil theater for the first time in Bulgaria and in the world Mother by Maxim Gorki was performed. the first woman - circus performer - Pavlina Pencheva is from Kyustendil. in Kyustendil there are about 40 hot springs with temperatures from 50 to 73	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line53
__label__cc	0.740883	0.259117	Sci-Tech Kids! – GPS Systems for Navigating Your Adventure Posted in AK! Columns, October 2010 Issue, Sci-Tech Kids by Brad Bradshaw, Sci-Tech Kids! Editor In the 15th and 16th centuries, great explorers like Christopher Columbus faced a huge dilemma. They were traveling in totally unfamiliar land. How could these people know where they were going or how far they had gone? Back then, there were two methods of navigation: map and compass and star. As is familiar to outdoorsmen and soldiers, the map and compass method of navigation relies on the red needle of a compass pointing to magnetic north of the earth, which ranges from 8 to 15 degrees from true north. The star method of navigation, used mainly by sailors, uses an instrument called an astrolabe to determine the angle from the horizon to the north star, which is then used to determine one’s location. These two practices remained the primary methods of navigation for over four hundred years. However, in 1973 the United States Department of Defense revealed a new technology, called the Global Position System (GPS). Personal GPS System The GPS system was originally created as a military technology for use in tracking and firing long range missiles. However, the system also has numerous civilian uses. Let’s take a closer look at how it all works. The “system” part of GPS describes a group of 36 satellites that orbit the earth. They are arranged in two circles, so that, from any point on Earth, one can spot at least two of them. These satellites both receive and transmit radio signals and function on a unique bandwidth (so they don’t get confused with the actual radio!) So how do these satellites know where you are? The science backing GPS technology is pretty complicated, but it’s based on something you may be familiar with: the Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect states that the frequency of waves emitted by an object moving toward you will increase, while the frequency of such a wave decreases when the object moves away from you. Let me explain this with an example. Let’s say you are standing on a sidewalk and a school bus is driving on the road toward you. The noise of the bus’ engine would increase as it got nearer toward you. The sound also goes up in pitch slightly. Then, as the bus passes you, the noise it makes will become quieter and deeper. This is the Doppler Effect in action! Any device that uses GPS sends out radio waves to GPS satellites. These satellites interpret the frequency of the radio wave to determine how far away you are. When at least two, and usually three of these satellites has calculated your distance, they transmit a signal back to your GPS with your exact location. There’s a second very cool use for GPS favored by backpackers and hikers. Not only can GPS satellites find your location, they can also determine your altitude. For anyone climbing a mountain, this figure is very important. To find your altitude, four GPS satellites must receive your signal. They can then find how far you are from sea level (an altitude of 0 meters) in a process called triangulation. What started off as a military technology for guiding long-range missiles has become a far-reaching tool with numerous applications. People use GPS every day from driving their cars to making phone calls. GPS units in phones are used in emergencies by 911 operators to send police or fire rescue crews to your location. Some dog collars have GPS units in them so that you can find your pet if he runs away. Some people have even turned GPS navigation into a sport! Geocaching is a fun activity that combines hiking and a treasure hunt. You can download the coordinates of a “geocache” on your GPS unit, then hike to it to find treasure! There are such caches all over the world and the prizes range from candy to small toys. Check out more information on the sport at www.geocaching.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line55
__label__wiki	0.766343	0.766343	COVID-19 For the latest updates, click here Toyota Canada newsroom Toyota in the Community Future and Concept Innovation and Advanced Technology Cars and Mini Vans Hybrid, EV, PHEV, and FCEV Sienna Hybrid Venza Hybrid Yaris Sedan Lexus Lifestyle Hybrids and EVs GS Hybrid CT Hybrid IS C TOYOTA LAUNCHES PRODUCTION OF ALL-NEW 2014 COROLLA & ... TOYOTA LAUNCHES PRODUCTION OF ALL-NEW 2014 COROLLA & REDESIGNED 2014 TUNDRA Plants in Mississippi and Canada begin building 11th generation of Corolla; redesigned 3rdgeneration Tundra pick-up built exclusively in San Antonio, Texas Toronto, ON., (August 2, 2013) – Consumers have a lot to look forward to this fall as production of the all-new 2014 Corolla has begun at Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Mississippi, Inc. (TMMMS) and Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada, Inc. (TMMC). The start of production for the redesigned 2014 Tundra also began this week at Toyota’s Texas plant. With nearly 40 million units sold, the Toyota Corolla is the best-selling car nameplate in the world, and this year marks its 47th year on the market. The 2014 Corolla will be available for sale in September. The Mississippi plant initially began production of Corolla in November 2011 further advancing the company’s efforts to design, develop and build vehicles where they are sold. TMMMS has the annual capacity to produce 160,000 vehicles and employs nearly 2,000. Building the Corolla is truly an effort by Toyota team members all across North America. Corolla engines are built in Buffalo, W. Va., engine plant. Cylinder heads and blocks for those engines are produced at both of Toyota’s Bodine Aluminum castings plants, located in Troy, Mo., and Jackson, Tenn. The Mississippi plant will mark the start of production with a Team Mississippi Appreciation Day for team members, supplier team members and their families on September 7 at the BancorpSouth Arena in Tupelo, Miss. Toyota’s Cambridge, Ontario plant has produced Corolla for 25 years - since 1988. TMMC also builds Lexus RX350, RAV4, RAV4 EV, and produces Matrix for the Canadian market. Annual capacity for the plant is 470,000 vehicles and it employs approximately 7,000. 2014 Tundra production underway The start of production for the 2014 Tundra was celebrated this week by team members at Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Texas, Inc. (TMMTX). The 2014 Tundra was redesigned, inside and out, representing the first major change since the launch of the current generation for the 2007 model year. The Tundra was completely engineered by Toyota Technical Center in Ann Arbor, Mich., and designed by Calty Design Research centers in Newport Beach, Calif., and Ann Arbor. The Toyota Tundra is built exclusively in San Antonio, Texas with 75 percent North American content. The 2014 Tundra will be available for sale in September. Tundra production at Toyota’s Texas plant initially began in November 2006. The plant also builds the Tacoma and has the annual capacity to produce 200,000 trucks. More than 2,800 team members are employed at TMMTX. Toyota’s Huntsville, Ala., engine plant is supplying all engines for Tundra production. Cylinder heads and blocks for those engines are produced at both of Toyota’s Bodine Aluminum castings plants, located in Troy, Mo., and Jackson, Tenn. This September, the Texas plant will mark its 1 millionth vehicle built and then in October, will celebrate the 10 year anniversary of the plant’s groundbreaking. Toyota has announced 10 North American production increases in the past 20 months including manufacturing plants in Princeton, Indiana; Huntsville, Ala.; Buffalo, W. Va.; Georgetown, Ky., and Ontario, Canada. Cumulative investment total is approximately $2 billion, adding more than 4,000 jobs. Toyota Canada Inc. Toyota Canada Inc. (TCI) is the exclusive Canadian distributor of Toyota, Lexus and Scion cars, SUVs and trucks. Toyota is the first full-line manufacturer to make all of the elements of the Star Safety System standard on every vehicle starting in 2011. The Star Safety System includes Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), Traction Control (TRAC), Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD), Brake Assist (BA) and Smart Stop Technology (SST). TCI’s head office is in Toronto, with regional offices in Vancouver, Calgary, Montreal and Halifax and parts distribution centres in Toronto and Vancouver. Toyota employs over 18,000 team members at its Canadian corporate operations, including two assembly plants in Southwestern Ontario, an aluminum wheel manufacturing plant in Delta, B.C., a cold weather research facility in Northern Ontario and over 300 Toyota, Lexus and Scion Dealerships. A consistent award winner for product quality and ownership satisfaction, Toyota has sold over four million vehicles in Canada. More information about Toyota is available at media.toyota.ca or www.toyota.ca. Corolla, English, Matrix, RAV4, Tacoma, Tundra, Corporate Every effort has been made to ensure the product specifications, equipment, and content on this site are accurate based on information available at time of publishing. In some cases, certain changes in standard equipment or options may occur, which may not be reflected online. Toyota Canada reserves the rights to make these changes without notice or obligation. Toyota USA Toyota Global Toyota Global Newsroom Toyota Europe Newsroom © 2021 Toyota Canada Inc.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line58
__label__cc	0.73421	0.26579	Category: Personal Blog (page 1 of 27) People are losing their fool heads over the new Cadillac commercial. Watch it here really quick: If you want a good laugh, go directly to the YouTube site and read the comments, or perhaps check this article out by Bustle: Now, as if admitting that the writer has nothing of substance to say, she opens with a really big close up (and therefore having no possibility of being flattering) picture of the man, who admittedly has a mild creepiness to him. I imagine this is why he played a bad guy in Justified. Believe it or not, I’m not a fan of blind patriotism despite what you may think, especially after my last post. But that has been replaced by this idea that simply hating on your country is a sufficient indicator of your intelligence and incorruptibility. I’m not sure so much that we’re moving into a new era, or if it’s just easier to see what with the ease in a which many people can get a message out there. But on the intellectual level, hating on a commercial such as this is the equivalent of jumping in with, “Yeah, but the book was better!” when someone compliments a movie. If you’re denying that America is the greatest country on this planet then there are only 1 of 2 possible explanations: 1) You simply don’t value the things that make our species great (art, science, general advancement of the species); or 2) You’re just insane. As to 1): I’m an American. Odds are that I’m probably going to use more American cultural markers as a sign of my national and cultural superiority. I suppose it’s possible to look at a country with a great welfare system, high quantity of leisure time, more (or less) religious influence, or more economic equality, and take that as a sign of that nation’s superiority. But you’d be wrong. At the end of the day, out there in the black is death, destruction, and the end of all mankind. The culture that helps us survive it is the best culture. Now if the 13th Imam is actually coming back, then I guess I’m wrong and Arab nations are the best. But I think it’s safe to say that that’s probably not the case. Additionally, it’s hard to call anything specifically an American cultural marker. We’re probably the most diverse nation on the planet. Now I’d like to hit on a few key thoughts in this person’s article: “He goes on to note that other countries take August off. That also sounds nice, but it’s clear he thinks this is an insult.” Yeah, because it IS an insult. Work isn’t necessarily slaving away for “the man”. It isn’t always the 9-5 at the factory or those mythical 80 hour weeks that everyone claims they have that they don’t. Work can be your 9-5 then coming home and sitting on your computer typing out code for the next big iPhone app. It can be playing your guitar instead of sitting on your ass in front of your television. It could be making television. It could be going to the gym and working out. Work is production in this sense. It’s making your atoms come together to create! He points to this in the commercial by citing men who achieved greatness, not just laborers. And herein is where the naysayers get lost. They are the people who stunt growth. They don’t understand that some people do more than work a 9-5. Some people chase dreams. There’s more to success than wearing your fingers to the bone. Some of it is having the balls to chase a dream. To take chances. To decide to sell your silly possessions and put that money into a beat up race car to take to the county drag strip. Maybe you’ll never make it. Hell, you probably won’t. But dammit, don’t try to tell me that only being born talented or with a silver spoon in the right country is my only hope. History bears that false. Intestinal fortitude isn’t everything. Hard work isn’t everything. There are no guarantees of a payoff. But that’s why there’s valor in the risk. There’s glory in taking chances. Perhaps we should glory in the risk takers rather than trying to tear them down along the way. The whole damn world is full of people who tell you you’re wrong from the day you fought your way out violently from inside your mother. It’s a war out there people. And the more you listen to the crybabies and the naysayers the further from success and survival you’ll be. But there’s this hatred from those critics. They don’t like you being cocky or taking credit when you succeed. “You didn’t build that! Somebody else made that happen!” Why do they tell you this? Because they don’t understand the mindset of winners, or warriors, or entrepreneurs, and ass kickers. And when they see it, it throws their own weakness back into their face. When you work a safe job with a steady paycheck as you are taught to do in school, you want to be rewarded. And you are, with a modest roof and security. But hard work on its own isn’t enough if you want more. It needs a winner’s mindset. It needs a refusal to fail. But we are taught in school to be cogs in the machine. To invest 10% of our money and maybe some day when we’re old and frail we can be comfortable. Comfortable. In the Corps we had a saying, “Complacency kills”. It’ll kill you in peace just as quick as in war. In complacency our body atrophies. Our soul shrinks. The safe job and steady paycheck is okay. But if you aren’t chasing greatness. If you aren’t seeking to produce, then, as in the commercial, take your August off, be happy, but don’t cry about why the other guy has a prettier wife, or scratch your head as to why your job at the factory isn’t causing people to line the streets of your home town to cheer for you after a moon landing. “In the end, McDonough unplugs his hybrid Cadillac while saying, “You work hard, you create your own luck, and you’ve gotta believe anything is possible.” Ugh. Optimism is great, but along with everything else he says this commercial is more about promoting the grand idea of American capitalism — which, of course, has never, ever left a poor person behind — than it is about a car.” Poor people get left behind in the American capitalist system. It’s a cut throat world of risk and reward. Fortune favors the brave. Yeah, you gotta believe anything is possible, because when you don’t, you accept your station. You cannot grow past your own personal limitations. In other words, even if you’re wrong (and you very often are) then you still have to believe it, because the alternative is suicide and complacent serfdom. I’d rather be a belligerent serf than a someone somewhat better off who’s reached his limits. I’ll always know there’s a hope for a better tomorrow. “Wait, so he’s saying if I work hard and only take off two weeks, I can afford a mansion and a Cadillac. I’m in! I’ve gotta go tell everyone making $7.25 an hour that they shouldn’t want the minimum wage raised, they just need to work harder and they’ll have a new hybrid car too!” You missed the message ma’am. But the best way to show your superiority is to fall back on sarcasm and be offended for others. It isn’t all about hard work. If that were the case, then we’d seek employment based solely on hours, rather than pay scales. It’s about using your head, working hard, and being bold. It’s about laughing at naysayers in their smarmy faces and forging ahead anyways. It’s about being willing to be a casualty if it gives you a chance at the brass ring. Risk and reward. But the message wasn’t about stuff. That was just the backdrop. But it’s expected that’s what you’d say if you’re a critic. Goldwater stated in his book Conscience of a Conservative that “Liberals, on the other hand, — in the name of a concern for “human beings” — regard the satisfaction of economic wants as the dominant mission of society.” You talk about telling the poor about how “they’ll have a new hybrid car too!” The message wasn’t about being able to buy the stuff. It was about being able to make the stuff. He wasn’t saying that if you work hard you can buy the car. He was saying that Cadillac was bold and created something awesome — a powerful, luxury hybrid. Did he cite Ali, Wright, Gates, Paul for their wealth? No! They were cited for the fact that they accomplished great feats. The marketing angle was that you were supposed to see yourself as an American badass, and that this car was a marvel befitting a kindred spirit. But so has it always been with the capitalists and the socialists. Capitalists are creators — socialists are consumers. All this said, well, damn those are ugly cars. I’m a libertarian. Yet I’m also what many call an imperialist. I also believe in one world government, though I would grab my rifle in a heartbeat and head off in aid of the first state to secede from the United States. Come with me on an adventure… I believe in American empire. That isn’t to say that I adore my country in its current form. This monstrosity we’ve created is not America. The modern police state is not America. NSA spying is not America. The welfare state is not America. This is America: Americans are thinkers. They are arrogant, rebellious and unruly. We mock kings. We do not bow before them. We do battle with nature. We are explorers. We are liberators. America is less a place than it is an idea. Such novel ideas as that men should not kneel before others, or that the fruits of a man’s labor are his own, and cannot be taken just because he’s outvoted, are ideas that led to the most prosperous nation that ever existed. We’ve moved away from that today. But let us imagine a new nation. Let us call it, oh, I don’t know, America. Now in this new America we live up to our ideals rather than just piss rhetoric out of our mouths. Why should this culture not dominate the globe? A friend of mine recently decried the Iraq War, saying that it’s a shame that Iraq has become a terrorist breeding ground. I don’t know about you, but I’d prefer a terrorist breeding ground to a stable, totalitarian torture state. We Americans might be a bunch of cowboys, but don’t think for a minute our deaths are in vain. The destruction of these tyrants is worth our lives regardless which nation we invade. You know why we Americans are so arrogant? You know why we act like we’re better than you? Because we ARE better than you. We spill our blood to liberate this whole god damned planet. Our warriors give their lives cheaply, and it makes their lives all the more valuable. You don’t find men like this everywhere. I’ve seen Americans fight harder for the liberty of Iraqis than the Iraqis did. I saw the same during my time in the Philippines in 2002. The bulk of these people have lost their freedom to thugs and tyrants due to their own cowardice and decadence. They don’t deserve their liberty. But deserve’s got nothing to do with it. Rights should not have to be earned. In America you will find no dearth of men willing to give their lives in the defense of others, even outside our borders. Why? Because “[w]e hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” All men. Not all Americans. All men. Now, why should such a nation not supplant every pissant dictator, thug, and wannabe tyrant? Why should we leave in place governments that intrude on the rights of man? I recently read an article about prison life in North Korea. How could it possibly be immoral to walk men across the DMZ right now? Make no mistake, I’m not advocating forced military intervention. I’m talking about a volunteer force from our standing military. In my constitution, written elsewhere on this blog I have a military branch dedicated to just this sort of thing. Do not talk to me of accepting the customs of others. Liberty and the rights of man are not negotiable under your customs. If you do not abide them, then your customs and culture are forfeit. British General James Napier illustrates this perfectly. From Wikipedia: A story for which Napier is often noted involved Hindu priests complaining to him about the prohibition of Sati by British authorities. This was the custom of burning a widow alive on thefuneral pyre of her husband. As first recounted by his brother William, he replied: “Be it so. This burning of widows is your custom; prepare the funeral pile. But my nation has also a custom. When men burn women alive we hang them, and confiscate all their property. My carpenters shall therefore erect gibbets on which to hang all concerned when the widow is consumed. Let us all act according to national customs.” This brings us to the idea of what America was to be. Our system was to be a federalist one. We were to have a powerful, restrained, central government. We’ve lost sight of that. Properly executed however, this opens the door to valid, legitimate one-world government. Our federal government was not supposed to roll over the states. Each state was to have its own rules and customs. So too should our whole world. There is power in diversity. We should have communists, and monarchies, and republics, and states with obscure religions run by priests and holy men, or racist communities. We should have full anarchist states and places as diverse as a Disney ride. And we should have everything in between. But a man should always have the ability to opt-out and choose his society. One world government that ensures local governments honor this ability can allow every sort of custom and human deviancy to exist. Then the marketplace of ideas will weed out the bad ideas and the good ones will grow. So one-world government could allow for the Indian custom of Sati, so long as it was a custom chosen willingly, not one where your place of birth doomed you into the local culture. This is why our federal government should exist expressly for the preservation of our natural rights. Past that, each state should be able to choose its own rules and customs. So why would I grab my rifle and help the first state to secede? Simple. Because everything I’ve espoused is theory. It isn’t practice. In practice, government grows. It doesn’t shrink. It grows and becomes powerful. The more powerful it becomes the more it attracts those that hunger for power. Those that hunger for power expand the state to achieve it. And thus the cycle continues. Ladies, you are what is right with America. I wish we had more like you. You’ve set an example, but remember, that doesn’t mean you can let up. You’re Marines. Semper Fidelis… …and call me. http://www.businessinsider.com/four-female-marines-pass-infantry-training-2013-11 Seriously, 90% of my hits come from people searching for some variant of “hot” and “redhead”. If that’s the case, then dammit, I should at least have one hot redhead drop me a line sometime over the last year. Not. Fair. Redheads. Bane of my existence. Each of these have grabbed my heart in my formative years. Note: I’m still in my formative years. Women in the Infantry (almost) October 31, 2013 / Hoplite0352 / 0 Comments It appears that 4 female Marines are going to pass infantry school. I’ve spoken at length about women in the infantry before so I’m not going to rehash it here. I would like to make a few points though. First off, I’d like to congratulate these women. When I graduated boot camp I did not feel it was terribly difficult physically. Mentally on the other hand… Perhaps the biggest surprise for me was the fact that boot camp did NOT even come close to preparing me for infantry school. The humps and range runs were very difficult for me. So congratulations to these women. They’ve done something to be very proud of. It’s also worth noting that in general you cannot just drop out of infantry school. You can be dropped, and if you’re persistent you can drop out of boot camp or infantry school, but you can’t just put up your hand and say, “I quit” like people going out for special forces can. These women had the option to quit that the men didn’t. That they pushed through is a testament to their character. Secondly, I am somewhat concerned about watering down the standards. I’m not sure when they chose to do so, but the final hump was 12.5 miles. This is just a shade over the 10 miles the final hump in boot camp is. I haven’t been out all that long (I graduated infantry school in 2000) and the final hump was 18 miles (word is that it was closer to 21, but I’ll stick with the published number). Were my tin foil hat improperly adjusted I’d say women joining the infantry and lowering of the most grueling task in infantry school are related. Finally, and perhaps the part most entertaining to me, is the fact that these women will not actually be attached to an infantry unit. They’re going back to their pogue units. I would hate to be a male Marine in the same admin/supply/motor T/air wing/whatever section as a female Marine who passed infantry school. Those men would have to go to work every day knowing that the most badass Marine in their section was a female. Seriously, grunts think they’re invincible. Grunts think they’re better than everyone else. If you’re an admin Corporal or Sergeant and you want to chew this female Lance Corporal’s ass for any reason, and she’s passed infantry school, well, good luck with that. In short, Marine Corps, toughen up your damn standards. But all the same, congratulations ladies. I’d be honored to meet one of you over a beer. I’ve always wanted a wookie I could call my own, and it’d be amazing were she a grunt as well. That about sums it up	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line59
__label__wiki	0.693141	0.693141	Youth (NGY) Trinity Bible Study Trinity Church App Serve on a Team Local Efforts Global Efforts History of Trinity Our church’s story began in 1927, when members of the First Church of the Nazarene in Los Angeles set out to fulfill Christ’s mandate to “make disciples of all nations” by starting a Sunday School class for the local Chinese community. Church members would travel through the neighborhood every Sunday morning and invite immigrants from China and Hong Kong to church. In those days, most of those who came were children and teens. Classes were held in the church basement and later moved to the second floor of the 7th St. wholesale market. Eventually, the congregation grew to such a size that the wholesale market facility could no longer accommodate it. In 1944, they purchased a house on the corner of 21st and Trinity Street and put up a sign reading, “Chinese Mission.” Rev. Peter Kiehn preached at the Sunday services until 1946, when he and his wife returned to China to continue their missionary work there. First Chinese Church of the Nazarene In 1946, Rev. Wilbur Lee, who was bilingual in English and Cantonese, assumed leadership. The congregation became known as Chinese Church of the Nazarene. During Rev. Lee’s tenure, the congregation grew rapidly and crowded the small building. Some Sunday school classes were held on the stair steps or even inside of members’ cars. On June 29, 1950, the church was formally incorporated and became First Chinese Church of the Nazarene. By the late 1940’s it was apparent that the church needed larger quarters. It was proposed to construct a building that could accommodate up to 300 worshipers. An empty lot on the corner of Jefferson Ave. and Trinity St. was purchased with a small down payment. Ground was broken for the new church building on November 26, 1950. The church building was built at an estimated cost of $35,000 raised from contributions and proceeds from the sale of the building at 21st and Trinity. Relocation to Monterey Park As the years went on, the surrounding neighborhood changed. The population had become predominantly African-American, Hispanic, and Latino. Our then pastor Rev. Charles Crosby was aware that Monterey Park had a significant Asian-American population and felt the church would have a stronger future if it relocated there. In 1977, the congregation made the move to Monterey Park, sharing an existing facility with a Nazarene church which was experiencing declining membership. That congregation eventually disbanded and by God’s grace, we assumed ownership of the property, grateful for church’s our new home. We changed our name to Trinity Church of the Nazarene, in memory of our former location near Trinity St., and to reflect our desire to welcome all ethnicities. Merger with Hillside Community Church In late 2015, Trinity began exploring a potential merger with Hillside Community Church in Rowland Heights. After experiencing several years of growth, Trinity’s attendance had begun to plateau due to overcrowding and limited facilities. Struggling with insufficient parking, classrooms, office space, and a small sanctuary, the church was looking for creative ways to expand its ministry. Meanwhile, Hillside was searching for a new pastor but had been unable to find a suitable candidate. Our pastor, Rev. Albert Hung, along with Los Angeles District Superintendent Greg Garman and Rev. Sam Chung, pastor of Hillside Community, proposed that Trinity “adopt” Hillside and become a multi-site church with a common vision, leadership team, and budget. Both churches enthusiastically supported the idea, and on April 10, 2016, our combined membership overwhelming voted in favor of the merger. Trinity sent a team of experienced, mature believers to the new Rowland Heights Campus to help revitalize the church’s ministry to the community. At the same time, the move freed up space at the Monterey Park location to allow for new growth. About Hillside Community Church The story of Trinity Church – Rowland Heights Campus began on February 1, 1976, when Reverend Jim Goss started holding worship services in a simple farmhouse at 2804 Fullerton Rd. The new church was known as Rowland Heights Church of the Nazarene. Under the visionary leadership of its pastors and can-do attitude of its members, the church grew in attendance and influence in the community. Many people were brought to faith in Christ. Additions were made to the main building and a Family Life Center was constructed. In March of 2006, the church was renamed Hillside Community Church of the Nazarene. In the years that followed, the church launched a Christian preschool as well as ministries for the Chinese, Spanish, Korean, and Filipino communities. Hillside was well-known in Rowland Heights for its popular annual events such as “Eggstravaganza” (Easter Egg Hunt) and Harvest Festival in October, often drawing crowds upwards of 600 people. The church also earned a favorable reputation for its support of local elementary schools. On April 10, 2016, the membership of Hillside Community Church voted to unite with Trinity Church of the Nazarene to become a multi-site, multi-cultural church with a common vision and leadership. Today, the church is known as Trinity Church –Rowland Heights Campus, and continues its commitment to help people from all nations find life in Jesus Christ. 1976-1990 Rev. Jim Goss 1990-2001 Rev. Mark Pitcher 2001-2004 Rev. Joe Halbert 2005-2016 Rev. Samuel Chung 2016-Present Rev. Albert Hung Who We Are Today As the first mission to the Chinese speaking community in the Church of the Nazarene, Trinity holds a unique place in our denomination’s history. Our previous Lead Pastor, Albert Hung, believed that we must build on that legacy by becoming a multiplying church, where disciples make disciples, leaders train leaders, and churches plant churches. We believe God led us to relocate to the San Gabriel Valley for a reason. Therefore, we are working hard to become a multi-generational, multi-ethnic, and multi-lingual church that reflects the diversity of our community and is welcomed as a vital partner in our city’s future. We believe the gospel ought to be good news for everyone, not just for believers. We want to be a church that loves unchurched people, and to be a church that unchurched people love to attend. We love Jesus. We love the people of this city. And we believe that God has called and empowered us to change the world for the better, one person at a time. 1946-1952 Rev. Wilbur Lee 1952-1956 Rev. Milton Cowles 1956-1957 Rev. Stanley Yu 1957-1959 Rev. Louis McMahon 1959-1961 Rev. Wesley F. Crist 1961-1971 Rev. Delbert Morse 1971-1973 Rev. Roy Smith 1973-1975 Rev. Robert Owen 1975-1989 Rev. Charles Crosby 1989-1994 Rev. Charlie Ah Sing 1994-2005 Rev. Steve Peisner 2005-2007 Rev. Keith Parmalee 2008-2018 Rev. Albert Hung	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line62
__label__cc	0.504366	0.495634	Nephesh haChaim Nephesh Hachaim 1:6 But the idea that we ourselves actually “animate” and function as the soul behind “the body of the universe”, so to speak, isn’t to be taken literally. Because while the very instant a soul wants a part of its body to move, it does, yet we ourselves don’t have that kind of sure, immediate, and definitive effect on things 1. It comes to this: G-d created man last 2 so that he’d comprise and be a compendium of all the heavenly and earthly phenomena that preceded him, and so that all those phenomena would contribute to and be played out in his own makeup and component-parts 3. Indeed, each of our elements and parts were to correspond to a specific celestial world and capacity, and we were to be a paradigm of heaven and earth, which were themselves to correspond to our makeup 4. But then Adam and Eve sinned and a lot of that was moderated 5. The mitzvah-system is also connected to its celestial roots and to the entirety of creation. And in fact each and every mitzvah is a compendium of millions of celestial capacities and lights 6. As such, whenever someone performs a mitzvah he can either rectify things connected to the specific world and capacity relevant to that mitzvah, elevate them, or he can bolster their light or holiness — but only to the degree that G-d wants us to. But one’s ability to affect such changes with his mitzvot depends on the quality of his performance of them, and on whether and to the degree to which he purifies his thoughts when he’d engaged in them, too. And that in turn adds holiness and vitality to that part of his being that’s engaged in the mitzvah that corresponds to it 7. Were we to fulfill all of the mitzvot with all of their factors and conditions on the physical level, and were we to do that with pure and holy thoughts, we’d rectify all of the celestial worlds, would have become an intrinsic instrument of that 8, and we’d consequently be made holy and would be constantly surrounded by G-d’s Glory 9. But when we’d sin and sully one of our capacities and organs, that would reach up to the corresponding source of that celestial world and capacity, which could destroy it (G-d forbid!), lessen it, sully it, dim and diminish its pure light, as well as weaken and diminish its holiness — depending on the particular sin we’d committed, how we’d committed it, and depending on the status of the world involved. For not all the worlds can be affected the same way, in fact. The lower worlds could actually be destroyed (G-d forbid!), light could be withheld from higher ones, higher-yet worlds would be forced to emit less light or would be diminished somehow, while the arcane lights and holiness of the very highest worlds would be diminished 10. And that’s because the impurity would touch upon the upper realms, since they’re all incorporated in those upper realms and contribute to them intrinsically 11. 1 R’ Chaim presents the first of his several complex and important notes to this chapter here. In short, it offers an illustration of the fact that things don’t instantaneously move to our “command” from the fact that the angels don’t (see Chullin 91b). That might seem to be a far-fetched proof but it isn’t. For if it’s angels who enable things to happen here (see Derech Hashem 2:5:3-4), it follows then that if they don’t immediately respond to our order that we don’t control them (and the functions of the universe) the way a soul controls a body. 2 That is, He created man as the sum of all that preceded him. See our discussion of this in footnotes 14 and 18 to the previous chapter. 3 R’ Chaim cites Zohar 2:75b (which — like most of the other sources cited here — speaks to our having been created in G-d’s image, which is of course the major theme of this Gate), 3:48a, 3:117a; Idra Rabbah 135a, 141a; Reiya Mehemena, 3:238b; Tikkunei Zohar Chadash 2:97a; Zohar Chadash, 1:64b, 2:23b, 58b; Eitz Chaim 26:1, and Ari’s Likkuttei Torah, Ki Tissah and Ha’azinu. 4 This will be expanded upon in 2:5 below. 5 The point about Adam and Eve’s sin was offered in R’ Chaim’s second footnote here (rather than in the text itself as we laid it out, though it’s not clear why.). This footnote offers a lot of R’ Chaim’s insights into Jewish Thought, so we’ll take each point separately. A. He offers that Adam and Eve were originally made up of only holy component parts (also see Ramchal’s Adir Bamarom p. 11, and Leshem, Deah 2:3:1). And that wrong thus originally stood outside of their beings. Thus while they were free and able to choose to do wrong by enabling it to enter their beings, their doing it was only as likely as one of us freely choosing to walk into fire (I.e., they certainly could have, but why would they want to?). B. It was only after they sinned that wrong became a part of their — and our own — inner being, and then entered the universe’s system, too, given that man and the universe mirror each other. That’s when things began to be negatively affected by human actions. (It’s thus vitally important to recognize that everything cited in this chapter and beyond takes place in the less than perfect world that resulted from their sin.) C. By now, though, wrong is such a part of our inner being that we mistakenly think its promptings are coming from our very own selves, and it seems to us as if we ourselves want to do wrong. But it’s not us per se so much as those internalized forces of wrong that are “speaking” to us (R’ Chaim directs our attention to Eitz Chaim, Sha’ar Kelipot Nogah 2; Sha’ar Gilgulim 1; and Berachot 17a, Shabbat 146a. See Chovot Halevovot 5:5, and Hilchot Geirushin 2:20, as well). (This last point is a very telling insight into our own misunderstanding of things. It offers that we tend to “misread” our hearts, for it’s not we ourselves who want to sin but rather the forces of un-holiness using our own voices like unholy ventriloquists!) D. All of that thus brings about a great admixture of things in our hearts so that we’re sometimes righteous and other times wrongful, In fact, even our deeds can be somewhat right and sometimes wrong at the very same time (see Rambam’s remarks at the end of his commentary to the Mishnayot of Makkot). As such, no one is utterly righteous and no one is utterly wrongful (see Hilchot Teshuva 3:2), as we all have imperfect intentions from time to time. E. The state of affairs in which wrong entered our beings as a consequence of Adam and Eve’s sin continued on until the time we received the Torah at Mount Sinai (Shabbat 146a, also see 3:11 below), though it tragically returned when we constructed the golden calf (Ibid. 89a). F. The statement that Adam and Eve would die if they sinned (Genesis 2:7) wasn’t a threat of punishment so much as a warning that they’d internalize impurity by sinning and that the only thing that could rectify that would be the decomposition of their body and the subsequent purification of their beings (see Derech Hashem 1:3 and Da’at Tevunot 72). G. In any event, death and human impurity will continue until the End of Days, when death will be undone (Isaiah 25:8) and the spirit of impurity will be removed (Zachariah 13:2) (also see Ma’amarim 5). (The central point here seems to be that now that we’re in this less-than-perfect situation, whatever we do is a combination of right and wrong, thus we affect the universe both for the better and for the worse. So, R’ Chaim’s point at the beginning of the chapter that we don’t really serve as the “soul” of the universe — which he’ll address in the very next chapter in another light — could also be explained this way: we’re not exactly the world’s “soul” because we’re no longer on the level we’d need to be. After all, how could the world’s “body-parts” respond to us immediately if we’re at one and the same time telling them to do one thing [i.e., the right thing] and its opposite [i.e., the wrong thing]? And the repetition in this chapter of a lot of what’s offered in 1:4 above about our capabilities and inner makeup likewise serves to make the point that those factors are now on a lower status.) 6 Cited are Zohar 2:85b 165b; Tikkunei Zohar 129b-130a; and Eitz Chaim, Sha’ar Hayichudim 2. See 4:29-30 below. 7 But, again, we can no longer affect them to the degree we could have had Adam and Eve not sinned and had our ancestors not erected the golden calf. R’ Chaim offers another note here that is likewise full of insights into Jewish Thought. A. As soon as someone has it in mind to perform a mitzvah something of a “trace” (i.e., an impression) of that mitzvah is implanted in its celestial source above — even before the person actually performs it. And that enables a “surrounding light” to shine down upon him, and for a degree of holiness to encompass him (cited are Zohar 2:31b, 2:86b, 2: 128a, 3:122a. Also see 1:12 below and Ma’amarim 29). (Notice the reintroduction of the idea of one thing encompassing another, the way bodies encompass souls of course, G-d’s being encompasses the universe — and how upper worlds encompass the lower worlds they control as discussed in note 4 to1:5 above. Along the same lines, see 7C below which discusses being encompassed by the Garden of Eden, 7D about being encompassed by holiness, and 7E about being encompassed by Gehenom.) B. That holiness and the encompassing lights then enable that person to “attach himself onto G-d”, if one could say as much, in his lifetime. C. The “encompassing light” then helps him to actually fulfill the mitzvah, which then strengthens that light. And that then gives him the wherewithal to fulfill yet other mitzvot given that he’s “literally sitting in the Garden of Eden” then (as R’ Chaim puts it. See 1:12 below, Ruach Chaim 6, and Ma’marim 2 at end) where the yetzer harah has no power to thwart him (see Ma’amarim 20, 24). D. You can actually sense the holiness you’re surrounded by at that time if you concentrate, and can thus grow in your soul. E. The opposite is true, too, though. For when you sin — not just think about sinning (see Kiddushin 39b where it’s pointed out that one would have to actually commit a sin for harm to be done, and yet would only have to think of fulfilling a mitzvah to reap the benefits of that) — you draw a spirit of impurity down upon yourself (see Zohar 2:31b and 2:86b cited above), become surrounded by an impure spirit, and the very “air of Gehenom surrounds you” even though you’re alive (see Avodah Zara 5a). 8 The term used here is merkava or “chariot”. That’s to say that you’d be the “driver behind the wheels” of the instrument that accomplished all of that. 9 R’ Chaim cites Zohar 2:155a; and Raiyah Mehemna, 3:239a. See 4:15 below. 10 R’ Chaim cites Zohar 2:85b, Tikkunei Zohar 129b. 11 R’ Chaim’s final note to this chapter is presented at this point. It cites the fact that the idea that the upper realms are all connected to man can be found in Tikkunei Zohar Chadash 97a; Raiyah Mehemna, 3:219b; as well as in Sha’arei Kedusha 3:2; Likkutei Torah, Ki Tisa and Ha’azinu; and in Bereishit Rabba 8:3 and Kohelet Rabba 2:12. Posted in Hashkapha, Kabbalah, Mussar, Nephesh Hachaim, Reb Chaim of Volozhin, Torah, Volozhin Nephesh Hachaim 1:13 Rabbi Yaakov Feldman on Introduction micha on Introduction Mussar Reb Chaim of Volozhin	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line63
__label__wiki	0.764245	0.764245	Get Speciation essential facts below. View Videos or join the Speciation discussion. Add Speciation to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media. Evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages.[1][2][3]Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species.[4] He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome number; the result is progeny which are immediately reproductively isolated from the parent population. New species can also be created through hybridisation followed, if the hybrid is favoured by natural selection, by reproductive isolation. In addressing the question of the origin of species, there are two key issues: (1) what are the evolutionary mechanisms of speciation, and (2) what accounts for the separateness and individuality of species in the biota? Since Charles Darwin's time, efforts to understand the nature of species have primarily focused on the first aspect, and it is now widely agreed that the critical factor behind the origin of new species is reproductive isolation.[5] Next we focus on the second aspect of the origin of species. Darwin's dilemma: Why do species exist? In On the Origin of Species (1859), Darwin interpreted biological evolution in terms of natural selection, but was perplexed by the clustering of organisms into species.[6] Chapter 6 of Darwin's book is entitled "Difficulties of the Theory." In discussing these "difficulties" he noted "Firstly, why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?" This dilemma can be referred to as the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in habitat space.[7] Another dilemma,[8] related to the first one, is the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in time. Darwin pointed out that by the theory of natural selection "innumerable transitional forms must have existed," and wondered "why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth." That clearly defined species actually do exist in nature in both space and time implies that some fundamental feature of natural selection operates to generate and maintain species.[6] Effect of sexual reproduction on species formation It has been argued that the resolution of Darwin's first dilemma lies in the fact that out-crossing sexual reproduction has an intrinsic cost of rarity.[9][10][11][12][13] The cost of rarity arises as follows. If, on a resource gradient, a large number of separate species evolve, each exquisitely adapted to a very narrow band on that gradient, each species will, of necessity, consist of very few members. Finding a mate under these circumstances may present difficulties when many of the individuals in the neighborhood belong to other species. Under these circumstances, if any species' population size happens, by chance, to increase (at the expense of one or other of its neighboring species, if the environment is saturated), this will immediately make it easier for its members to find sexual partners. The members of the neighboring species, whose population sizes have decreased, experience greater difficulty in finding mates, and therefore form pairs less frequently than the larger species. This has a snowball effect, with large species growing at the expense of the smaller, rarer species, eventually driving them to extinction. Eventually, only a few species remain, each distinctly different from the other.[9][10][12] The cost of rarity not only involves the costs of failure to find a mate, but also indirect costs such as the cost of communication in seeking out a partner at low population densities. African pygmy kingfisher, showing coloration shared by all adults of that species to a high degree of fidelity.[14] Rarity brings with it other costs. Rare and unusual features are very seldom advantageous. In most instances, they indicate a (non-silent) mutation, which is almost certain to be deleterious. It therefore behooves sexual creatures to avoid mates sporting rare or unusual features (koinophilia).[15][16] Sexual populations therefore rapidly shed rare or peripheral phenotypic features, thus canalizing the entire external appearance, as illustrated in the accompanying illustration of the African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta. This uniformity of all the adult members of a sexual species has stimulated the proliferation of field guides on birds, mammals, reptiles, insects, and many other taxa, in which a species can be described with a single illustration (or two, in the case of sexual dimorphism). Once a population has become as homogeneous in appearance as is typical of most species (and is illustrated in the photograph of the African pygmy kingfisher), its members will avoid mating with members of other populations that look different from themselves.[17] Thus, the avoidance of mates displaying rare and unusual phenotypic features inevitably leads to reproductive isolation, one of the hallmarks of speciation.[18][19][20][21] In the contrasting case of organisms that reproduce asexually, there is no cost of rarity; consequently, there are only benefits to fine-scale adaptation. Thus, asexual organisms very frequently show the continuous variation in form (often in many different directions) that Darwin expected evolution to produce, making their classification into "species" (more correctly, morphospecies) very difficult.[9][15][16][22][23][24] Comparison of allopatric, peripatric, parapatric and sympatric speciation All forms of natural speciation have taken place over the course of evolution; however, debate persists as to the relative importance of each mechanism in driving biodiversity.[25] One example of natural speciation is the diversity of the three-spined stickleback, a marine fish that, after the last glacial period, has undergone speciation into new freshwater colonies in isolated lakes and streams. Over an estimated 10,000 generations, the sticklebacks show structural differences that are greater than those seen between different genera of fish including variations in fins, changes in the number or size of their bony plates, variable jaw structure, and color differences.[26] Allopatric During allopatric (from the ancient Greek allos, "other" + patr?, "fatherland") speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations (for example, by habitat fragmentation due to geographical change such as mountain formation). The isolated populations then undergo genotypic or phenotypic divergence as: (a) they become subjected to dissimilar selective pressures; (b) they independently undergo genetic drift; (c) different mutations arise in the two populations. When the populations come back into contact, they have evolved such that they are reproductively isolated and are no longer capable of exchanging genes. Island genetics is the term associated with the tendency of small, isolated genetic pools to produce unusual traits. Examples include insular dwarfism and the radical changes among certain famous island chains, for example on Komodo. The Galápagos Islands are particularly famous for their influence on Charles Darwin. During his five weeks there he heard that Galápagos tortoises could be identified by island, and noticed that finches differed from one island to another, but it was only nine months later that he reflected that such facts could show that species were changeable. When he returned to England, his speculation on evolution deepened after experts informed him that these were separate species, not just varieties, and famously that other differing Galápagos birds were all species of finches. Though the finches were less important for Darwin, more recent research has shown the birds now known as Darwin's finches to be a classic case of adaptive evolutionary radiation.[27] Peripatric In peripatric speciation, a subform of allopatric speciation, new species are formed in isolated, smaller peripheral populations that are prevented from exchanging genes with the main population. It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks. Genetic drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation.[28][29] Case studies include Mayr's investigation of bird fauna;[30] the Australian bird Petroica multicolor;[31] and reproductive isolation in populations of Drosophila subject to population bottlenecking.[] Parapatric In parapatric speciation, there is only partial separation of the zones of two diverging populations afforded by geography; individuals of each species may come in contact or cross habitats from time to time, but reduced fitness of the heterozygote leads to selection for behaviours or mechanisms that prevent their interbreeding. Parapatric speciation is modelled on continuous variation within a "single," connected habitat acting as a source of natural selection rather than the effects of isolation of habitats produced in peripatric and allopatric speciation.[32] Parapatric speciation may be associated with differential landscape-dependent selection. Even if there is a gene flow between two populations, strong differential selection may impede assimilation and different species may eventually develop.[33] Habitat differences may be more important in the development of reproductive isolation than the isolation time. Caucasian rock lizards Darevskia rudis, D. valentini and D. portschinskii all hybridize with each other in their hybrid zone; however, hybridization is stronger between D. portschinskii and D. rudis, which separated earlier but live in similar habitats than between D. valentini and two other species, which separated later but live in climatically different habitats.[34] Ecologists refer to[clarification needed] parapatric and peripatric speciation in terms of ecological niches. A niche must be available in order for a new species to be successful. Ring species such as Larus gulls have been claimed to illustrate speciation in progress, though the situation may be more complex.[35] The grass Anthoxanthum odoratum may be starting parapatric speciation in areas of mine contamination.[36] Sympatric Cichlids such as Haplochromis nyererei diversified by sympatric speciation in the Rift Valley lakes. Sympatric speciation is the formation of two or more descendant species from a single ancestral species all occupying the same geographic location. Often-cited examples of sympatric speciation are found in insects that become dependent on different host plants in the same area.[37][38] Sympatric Speciation with Cichlids. The best known example of sympatric speciation is that of the cichlids of East Africa inhabiting the Rift Valley lakes, particularly Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika. There are over 800 described species, and according to estimates, there could be well over 1,600 species in the region. Their evolution is cited as an example of both natural and sexual selection.[39][40] A 2008 study suggests that sympatric speciation has occurred in Tennessee cave salamanders.[41] Sympatric speciation driven by ecological factors may also account for the extraordinary diversity of crustaceans living in the depths of Siberia's Lake Baikal.[42] Budding speciation has been proposed as a particular form of sympatric speciation, whereby small groups of individuals become progressively more isolated from the ancestral stock by breeding preferentially with one another. This type of speciation would be driven by the conjunction of various advantages of inbreeding such as the expression of advantageous recessive phenotypes, reducing the recombination load, and reducing the cost of sex.[43] Rhagoletis pomonella, the hawthorn fly, appears to be in the process of sympatric speciation. The hawthorn fly (Rhagoletis pomonella), also known as the apple maggot fly, appears to be undergoing sympatric speciation.[44] Different populations of hawthorn fly feed on different fruits. A distinct population emerged in North America in the 19th century some time after apples, a non-native species, were introduced. This apple-feeding population normally feeds only on apples and not on the historically preferred fruit of hawthorns. The current hawthorn feeding population does not normally feed on apples. Some evidence, such as that six out of thirteen allozyme loci are different, that hawthorn flies mature later in the season and take longer to mature than apple flies; and that there is little evidence of interbreeding (researchers have documented a 4-6% hybridization rate) suggests that sympatric speciation is occurring.[45] Methods of selection Reinforcement assists speciation by selecting against hybrids. Reinforcement, sometimes referred to as the Wallace effect, is the process by which natural selection increases reproductive isolation.[18] It may occur after two populations of the same species are separated and then come back into contact. If their reproductive isolation was complete, then they will have already developed into two separate incompatible species. If their reproductive isolation is incomplete, then further mating between the populations will produce hybrids, which may or may not be fertile. If the hybrids are infertile, or fertile but less fit than their ancestors, then there will be further reproductive isolation and speciation has essentially occurred (e.g., as in horses and donkeys).[46] The reasoning behind this is that if the parents of the hybrid offspring each have naturally selected traits for their own certain environments, the hybrid offspring will bear traits from both, therefore would not fit either ecological niche as well as either parent. The low fitness of the hybrids would cause selection to favor assortative mating, which would control hybridization. This is sometimes called the Wallace effect after the evolutionary biologist Alfred Russel Wallace who suggested in the late 19th century that it might be an important factor in speciation.[47] Conversely, if the hybrid offspring are more fit than their ancestors, then the populations will merge back into the same species within the area they are in contact. Reinforcement favoring reproductive isolation is required for both parapatric and sympatric speciation. Without reinforcement, the geographic area of contact between different forms of the same species, called their "hybrid zone," will not develop into a boundary between the different species. Hybrid zones are regions where diverged populations meet and interbreed. Hybrid offspring are very common in these regions, which are usually created by diverged species coming into secondary contact. Without reinforcement, the two species would have uncontrollable inbreeding. Reinforcement may be induced in artificial selection experiments as described below. Ecological selection is "the interaction of individuals with their environment during resource acquisition".[48] Natural selection is inherently involved in the process of speciation, whereby, "under ecological speciation, populations in different environments, or populations exploiting different resources, experience contrasting natural selection pressures on the traits that directly or indirectly bring about the evolution of reproductive isolation".[49] Evidence for the role ecology plays in the process of speciation exists. Studies of stickleback populations support ecologically-linked speciation arising as a by-product,[50] alongside numerous studies of parallel speciation, where isolation evolves between independent populations of species adapting to contrasting environments than between independent populations adapting to similar environments.[51] Ecological speciation occurs with much of the evidence, "...accumulated from top-down studies of adaptation and reproductive isolation".[51] It is widely appreciated that sexual selection could drive speciation in many clades, independently of natural selection.[52] However the term "speciation", in this context, tends to be used in two different, but not mutually exclusive senses. The first and most commonly used sense refers to the "birth" of new species. That is, the splitting of an existing species into two separate species, or the budding off of a new species from a parent species, both driven by a biological "fashion fad" (a preference for a feature, or features, in one or both sexes, that do not necessarily have any adaptive qualities).[52][53][54][55] In the second sense, "speciation" refers to the wide-spread tendency of sexual creatures to be grouped into clearly defined species,[56][19] rather than forming a continuum of phenotypes both in time and space - which would be the more obvious or logical consequence of natural selection. This was indeed recognized by Darwin as problematic, and included in his On the Origin of Species (1859), under the heading "Difficulties with the Theory".[6] There are several suggestions as to how mate choice might play a significant role in resolving Darwin's dilemma.[19][9][15][16][17][57] If speciation takes place in the absence of natural selection, it might be referred to as nonecological speciation.[58][59] Artificial speciation Gaur (Indian bison) can interbreed with domestic cattle. Male Drosophila pseudoobscura New species have been created by animal husbandry, but the dates and methods of the initiation of such species are not clear. Often, the domestic counterpart of the wild ancestor can still interbreed and produce fertile offspring as in the case of domestic cattle, that can be considered the same species as several varieties of wild ox, gaur, yak, etc., or domestic sheep that can interbreed with the mouflon.[60][61] The best-documented creations of new species in the laboratory were performed in the late 1980s. William R. Rice and George W. Salt bred Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies using a maze with three different choices of habitat such as light/dark and wet/dry. Each generation was placed into the maze, and the groups of flies that came out of two of the eight exits were set apart to breed with each other in their respective groups. After thirty-five generations, the two groups and their offspring were isolated reproductively because of their strong habitat preferences: they mated only within the areas they preferred, and so did not mate with flies that preferred the other areas.[62] The history of such attempts is described by Rice and Elen E. Hostert (1993).[63][64] Diane Dodd used a laboratory experiment to show how reproductive isolation can develop in Drosophila pseudoobscura fruit flies after several generations by placing them in different media, starch- and maltose-based media.[65] Dodd's experiment has been easy for many others to replicate, including with other kinds of fruit flies and foods.[66] Research in 2005 has shown that this rapid evolution of reproductive isolation may in fact be a relic of infection by Wolbachia bacteria.[67] Alternatively, these observations are consistent with the notion that sexual creatures are inherently reluctant to mate with individuals whose appearance or behavior is different from the norm. The risk that such deviations are due to heritable maladaptations is very high. Thus, if a sexual creature, unable to predict natural selection's future direction, is conditioned to produce the fittest offspring possible, it will avoid mates with unusual habits or features.[68][69][15][16][17] Sexual creatures will then inevitably tend to group themselves into reproductively isolated species.[16] Few speciation genes have been found. They usually involve the reinforcement process of late stages of speciation. In 2008, a speciation gene causing reproductive isolation was reported.[70] It causes hybrid sterility between related subspecies. The order of speciation of three groups from a common ancestor may be unclear or unknown; a collection of three such species is referred to as a "trichotomy." Speciation via polyploidy Speciation via polyploidy: A diploid cell undergoes failed meiosis, producing diploid gametes, which self-fertilize to produce a tetraploid zygote. In plants, this can effectively be a new species, reproductively isolated from its parents, and able to reproduce. Polyploidy is a mechanism that has caused many rapid speciation events in sympatry because offspring of, for example, tetraploid x diploid matings often result in triploid sterile progeny.[71] However, not all polyploids are reproductively isolated from their parental plants, and gene flow may still occur for example through triploid hybrid x diploid matings that produce tetraploids, or matings between meiotically unreduced gametes from diploids and gametes from tetraploids (see also hybrid speciation). It has been suggested that many of the existing plant and most animal species have undergone an event of polyploidization in their evolutionary history.[72][73] Reproduction of successful polyploid species is sometimes asexual, by parthenogenesis or apomixis, as for unknown reasons many asexual organisms are polyploid. Rare instances of polyploid mammals are known, but most often result in prenatal death. Hybrid speciation Hybridization between two different species sometimes leads to a distinct phenotype. This phenotype can also be fitter than the parental lineage and as such natural selection may then favor these individuals. Eventually, if reproductive isolation is achieved, it may lead to a separate species. However, reproductive isolation between hybrids and their parents is particularly difficult to achieve and thus hybrid speciation is considered an extremely rare event. The Mariana mallard is thought to have arisen from hybrid speciation. Hybridization is an important means of speciation in plants, since polyploidy (having more than two copies of each chromosome) is tolerated in plants more readily than in animals.[74][75] Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical partner during meiosis.[73] Polyploids also have more genetic diversity, which allows them to avoid inbreeding depression in small populations.[76] Hybridization without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. It is considered very rare but has been shown in Heliconius butterflies[77] and sunflowers. Polyploid speciation, which involves changes in chromosome number, is a more common phenomenon, especially in plant species. Gene transposition Theodosius Dobzhansky, who studied fruit flies in the early days of genetic research in 1930s, speculated that parts of chromosomes that switch from one location to another might cause a species to split into two different species. He mapped out how it might be possible for sections of chromosomes to relocate themselves in a genome. Those mobile sections can cause sterility in inter-species hybrids, which can act as a speciation pressure. In theory, his idea was sound, but scientists long debated whether it actually happened in nature. Eventually a competing theory involving the gradual accumulation of mutations was shown to occur in nature so often that geneticists largely dismissed the moving gene hypothesis.[78] However, 2006 research shows that jumping of a gene from one chromosome to another can contribute to the birth of new species.[79] This validates the reproductive isolation mechanism, a key component of speciation.[80] Phyletic gradualism, above, consists of relatively slow change over geological time. Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of morphological stability and rare, relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change. There is debate as to the rate at which speciation events occur over geologic time. While some evolutionary biologists claim that speciation events have remained relatively constant and gradual over time (known as "Phyletic gradualism" - see diagram), some palaeontologists such as Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould[81] have argued that species usually remain unchanged over long stretches of time, and that speciation occurs only over relatively brief intervals, a view known as punctuated equilibrium. (See diagram, and Darwin's dilemma.) Punctuated evolution Evolution can be extremely rapid, as shown in the creation of domesticated animals and plants in a very short geological space of time, spanning only a few tens of thousands of years. Maize (Zea mays), for instance, was created in Mexico in only a few thousand years, starting about 7,000 to 12,000 years ago.[82] This raises the question of why the long term rate of evolution is far slower than is theoretically possible.[83][84][85][86] Plants and domestic animals can differ markedly from their wild ancestors Top: wild teosinte; middle: maize-teosinte hybrid; bottom: maize Ancestral wild cabbage Domesticated cauliflower Ancestral Prussian carp Domestic goldfish Ancestral mouflon Evolution is imposed on species or groups. It is not planned or striven for in some Lamarckist way.[87] The mutations on which the process depends are random events, and, except for the "silent mutations" which do not affect the functionality or appearance of the carrier, are thus usually disadvantageous, and their chance of proving to be useful in the future is vanishingly small. Therefore, while a species or group might benefit from being able to adapt to a new environment by accumulating a wide range of genetic variation, this is to the detriment of the individuals who have to carry these mutations until a small, unpredictable minority of them ultimately contributes to such an adaptation. Thus, the capability to evolve would require group selection, a concept discredited by (for example) George C. Williams,[88]John Maynard Smith[89] and Richard Dawkins[90][91][92][93] as selectively disadvantageous to the individual. The resolution to Darwin's second dilemma might thus come about as follows: If sexual individuals are disadvantaged by passing mutations on to their offspring, they will avoid mutant mates with strange or unusual characteristics.[69][15][16][57] Mutations that affect the external appearance of their carriers will then rarely be passed on to the next and subsequent generations. They would therefore seldom be tested by natural selection. Evolution is, therefore, effectively halted or slowed down considerably. The only mutations that can accumulate in a population, on this punctuated equilibrium view, are ones that have no noticeable effect on the outward appearance and functionality of their bearers (i.e., they are "silent" or "neutral mutations," which can be, and are, used to trace the relatedness and age of populations and species.[15][94]) This argument implies that evolution can only occur if mutant mates cannot be avoided, as a result of a severe scarcity of potential mates. This is most likely to occur in small, isolated communities. These occur most commonly on small islands, in remote valleys, lakes, river systems, or caves,[95] or during the aftermath of a mass extinction.[94] Under these circumstances, not only is the choice of mates severely restricted but population bottlenecks, founder effects, genetic drift and inbreeding cause rapid, random changes in the isolated population's genetic composition.[95] Furthermore, hybridization with a related species trapped in the same isolate might introduce additional genetic changes. If an isolated population such as this survives its genetic upheavals, and subsequently expands into an unoccupied niche, or into a niche in which it has an advantage over its competitors, a new species, or subspecies, will have come in being. In geological terms, this will be an abrupt event. A resumption of avoiding mutant mates will thereafter result, once again, in evolutionary stagnation.[81][84] In apparent confirmation of this punctuated equilibrium view of evolution, the fossil record of an evolutionary progression typically consists of species that suddenly appear, and ultimately disappear, hundreds of thousands or millions of years later, without any change in external appearance.[81][94][96] Graphically, these fossil species are represented by lines parallel with the time axis, whose lengths depict how long each of them existed. The fact that the lines remain parallel with the time axis illustrates the unchanging appearance of each of the fossil species depicted on the graph. During each species' existence new species appear at random intervals, each also lasting many hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing without a change in appearance. The exact relatedness of these concurrent species is generally impossible to determine. This is illustrated in the diagram depicting the distribution of hominin species through time since the hominins separated from the line that led to the evolution of our closest living primate relatives, the chimpanzees.[96] For similar evolutionary time lines see, for instance, the paleontological list of African dinosaurs, Asian dinosaurs, the Lampriformes and Amiiformes. Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model Chronospecies Court jester hypothesis Macroevolution Selection (genetic algorithm) Species problem ^ Berlocher 1998, p. 3 ^ Cook, Orator F. (March 30, 1906). "Factors of species-formation". Science. 23 (587): 506-507. Bibcode:1906Sci....23..506C. doi:10.1126/science.23.587.506. PMID 17789700. ^ Cook, Orator F. (November 1908). "Evolution Without Isolation". The American Naturalist. 42 (503): 727-731. doi:10.1086/279001. ^ Via, Sara (June 16, 2009). "Natural selection in action during speciation". PNAS. 106 (Suppl 1): 9939-9946. 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Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17 (4): 616-617. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00036207. ISSN 0140-525X. Archived from the original on 2006-09-15. Retrieved . "Remarks on an earlier article by [Elliot] Sober [sic] and David Sloan Wilson, who made a more extended argument in their recent book Unto Others : The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior" ^ Dennett, Daniel C. (December 1994). "E Pluribus Unum?". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17 (4): 617-618. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00036219. Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. "Commentary on Wilson & Sober: Group Selection." ^ Pinker, Steven (June 18, 2012). "The False Allure of Group Selection". edge.org. Edge Foundation, Inc. Retrieved . ^ a b c Campbell 1990, pp. 450-451, 487-490, 499-501 ^ a b Ayala 1982, pp. 73-83, 182-190, 198-215 ^ a b McCarthy & Rubidge 2005 Ayala, Francisco J. (1982). Population and Evolutionary Genetics. Benjamin/Cummings Series in the Life Sciences. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. 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Evolution as a Process. London: Allen & Unwin. LCCN 54001781. OCLC 974739. Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-36445-5. LCCN 81013204. OCLC 7875904. Mayr, Ernst (1988). Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-89665-9. LCCN 87031892. OCLC 17108004. Mayr, Ernst (1992). "Speciational Evolution or Punctuated Equilibrium". In Somit, Albert; Peterson, Steven A. (eds.). Dynamics of Evolution: The Punctuated Equilibrium Debate in the Natural and Social Sciences. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9763-6. LCCN 91055569. OCLC 24374091. McCarthy, Terence; Rubidge, Bruce (2005). The Story of Earth & Life: A Southern African Perspective on a 4.6-Billion-Year Journey. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik Publishers. ISBN 978-1-77007-148-3. LCCN 2006376206. OCLC 62098231. Michod, Richard E. (1995). Eros and Evolution: A Natural Philosophy of Sex. Helix Books. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-40754-9. LCCN 94013158. OCLC 30625193. Michod, Richard E. (1999). Darwinian Dynamics: Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02699-2. LCCN 98004166. OCLC 38948118. Miller, William B., Jr. (2013). The Microcosm Within: Evolution and Extinction in the Hologenome. Boca Raton, FL: Universal-Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61233-277-2. LCCN 2013033832. OCLC 859168474. Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8. LCCN 98023686. OCLC 39045218. Symons, Donald (1979). The Evolution of Human Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502535-4. LCCN 78023361. OCLC 4494283. Williams, George C. (1974) [Originally published 1966]. Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton Science Library. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02357-1. LCCN 65017164. OCLC 8500898. Williams, George C. (1992). Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506933-4. LCCN 91038938. OCLC 228136567. Coyne, Jerry A.; Orr, H. Allen (2004). Speciation. Sunderlands, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-089-0. LCCN 2004009505. OCLC 55078441. Gavrilets, S. (2004). Fitness Landscapes and the Origin of Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691119830. Grant, Verne (1981). Plant Speciation (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05112-5. LCCN 81006159. OCLC 7552165. Marko, Peter B. (2008). "Allopatry". In Jørgensen, Sven Erik; Fath, Brian (eds.). Encyclopedia of Ecology. 1, A-C (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. pp. 131-138. ISBN 978-0-444-52033-3. LCCN 2008923435. OCLC 173240026. Mayr, Ernst (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03750-2. LCCN 63009552. OCLC 899044868. Schilthuizen, Menno (2001). Frogs, Flies, and Dandelions: The Making of Species. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850393-4. LCCN 2001270180. OCLC 46729094. Shapiro, J. B.; Leducq, J-B.; Mallet, J. (2016). "What is Speciation?". PLOS Genetics. 12 (3): e1005860. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005860. PMC 4816541. PMID 27030977. White, Michael J. D. (1978). Modes of Speciation. A Series of Books in Biology. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-0284-9. LCCN 77010955. OCLC 3203453. Boxhorn, Joseph (September 1, 1995). "Observed Instances of Speciation". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. Hawks, John D. (February 9, 2005). "Speciation". John Hawks Weblog. "Speciation". University of California, Berkeley. Evolutionary biology portal Speciation notice Evolution - Speciation Mercury Speciation Speciation: An Illustrated Introduction Sympatric Speciation via Polyploidy allopatric Speciation Experiment The Speciation Song Species and Speciation (IB Biology) 4 Basic Modes of Speciation B1 Natural Selection, Speciation & Extinction How Evolution Works 7: Speciation Endangered specie Ashley Saulsberry: Speciation Genetics in Nasonia Seth Bordenstein: Animal Speciation and the Gut Microbiome Speciation in Ancient Lakes (Advances in Limnology) Trace Element Speciation with Mass Spectrometry \| ICP-MS	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line67
__label__wiki	0.616439	0.616439	Archives index. Why America’s Gift? Blues, booze, drugs and religion. by Paul Merry \| Feb 9, 2017 \| blogs, stories \| 0 comments Oh, the irony! White evangelists peddled drugs and booze, as black families feared the blues. W.C. Handy Home & Museum. The great blues pioneer was born there in 1873. When it comes to blues, booze, drugs and religion, this is a world laced with irony. In the early days of blues, black families, steeped in a century of Christianity, worried sick about sons, daughters and grandchildren playing what they called the devil’s music, which was the dreaded blues, of course. Remembering the 1880s, the famous blues pioneer who standardised blues into 12-bars, W.C. Handy, wrote in 1949, of buying a guitar as a teenager and taking it home to where he lived with his parents in Florence, Alabama. His father saw the instrument and immediately spat the dummy. “A guitar, one of the devil’s playthings. Take it away. Take it away, I tell you. Get it out of your hands. What possessed you to bring a sinful thing like that into our Christian home? Take it back where it came from.” Chastised, Handy switched to learning the trumpet instead. Much more recently, in the late 1920s, the good African-American Christian’s fear of the blues hadn’t evaporated. This is about the youngest pic I can find of Muddy Waters (1913 – 1983). Blues was the devil’s music, thought his grandma when Muddy was starting out as a harp player. He picked up the guitar later. Said the 1940s and 50s blues great, Muddy Waters, in Robert Gordon’s Muddy biography, Can’t Be Satisfied: “My grandmother told me when I first picked that harmonica up, she said, Son, you’re sinning. You’re playing for the devil. Devil’s gonna get you.” Now here’s the irony of the situation. Good Christians worried that their blues-playing children would get mixed up with drugs, alcohol and loose women, amongst other things. Yet, at the very time these views about blues and the devil were taking shape, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, American evangelists (white ones, admittedly) were going around the world hitting their converts with a mixture of opium and alcohol. Blues hadn’t been named as such – all its various strains were still hanging in the air under various names like jig, reel, rag, ballet and the obnoxiously named coon song. For some reason, as far as I know, neither whites nor blacks ever suggested coon songs were the work of the devil – another irony. Nor did anyone in the nineteenth century ever think a medicine, named and trade-marked as America’s first nationally-advertised pain relief, was the work of the devil. This was Perry Davis’ Pain Killer. Introduced to the public in 1843 by a devout Baptist, Perry Davis of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, Perry’s Pain Killer potion was patented in 1845. As a registered trade brand name, there was no legal requirement to put its ingredients – opium and alcohol – on the bottle. During the American Civil War, Perry Davis’s Pain Killer was given to both soldiers to keep them fighting longer and horses to make them work longer and harder. Widely regarded back then as a ‘wonder drug’, Perry Davis’s Pain Killer was distributed by American missionaries around the world during the nineteenth century. In America, the brand ran multiple print ads like the one above right, including text only advertising that appeared in The Baptist Missionary Magazine during the 1880s. The largest ads ran the headline ‘Joy to The World’ suggesting the potion delivered heavenly relief from pain, around the world. Mind you, that’s not too false a claim. A powerful ‘vegetable’ mix of opiates and ethyl alcohol, Perry Davis’s Pain Killer would do the trick for any number of ailments as would that other wonder drug of the nineteenth century, heroin. It’s name was a play on ‘heroic’ which people thought it was. One missionary in Burma (Myanmar these days), New Yorker Marilla Baker Ingall, even had a Perry Davis’s Pain Killer sign displayed on a tree outside her mission. In 1897, Baker Ingall wrote how such analgesics “are a blessing to Burma and go packed off with our Bible and tracts”. No wonder she had Buddhists converting to Christianity, not only in Burma but in China and all through South East Asia. Now, as we know, the missionaries weren’t peddling their mix of opium and hard liquor back then out of malice. Just as the God-fearing black families didn’t fear blues simply to spite their youngsters’ musical ambitions. It was all done from ignorance at a time when the whole world was ignorant about a lot of things. In many ways, it still is. How the first blues guitar record inspired western swing Link here to TEN new broadcasts on great old blues The hip museum financed by gambling, curated by a Violent Femme Coming soon. Remastered versions of Houses of the Holy and Led Zeppelin 1V; plus bonus never-heard alternative versions of most tracks Old-style Rhythm & Blues is alive and kicking Rock ‘n’ roll myths debunked. Book Pink Floyd – £250 ($334) a pop. AC/DC’s unsung older Young brothers. My tribute to Jeff Beck. CRUISIN’ FOR A BLUESIN’ Tweets by @paulgmerry THE BLOODY NERVE © Paul Merry Blues	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line71
__label__cc	0.632516	0.367484	Perishable Pundit Boca Raton FL 33481 info@PerishablePundit.com Pundit’s Mailbag — Cantaloupe Leaders Provide Roadmap To Safer Future Jim Prevor’s Perishable Pundit, May 2, 2008 We’ve analyzed the Honduran cantaloupe story regarding Agropecuaria Montelibano and the “import alert” the FDA imposed against its cantaloupes from the very beginning. Initially we focused on the role of the FDA in the situation, kicking off our coverage with a piece entitled FDA Fumbles Again On Cantaloupe ‘Alert’. More than 20 stories later, we found ourselves moving from the ridiculous to the absurd as we tracked government officials riding around a Pacific island in a story we entitled Cantaloupe ‘Alert’ Reaches Guam; What’s An Island To Do? Much of our coverage has been critical of the FDA, and its actions become less explicable every day. It is now five weeks since the “Import Alert” was issued and almost eight weeks since anyone is known to have gotten sick. It is almost a month since FDA and CDC inspectors visited the farm and left with their samples. Yet the Import Alert still stands. It is certainly a shame and probably a sin that in a world where people are rioting for food, the FDA has scared the world so much that perfectly good cantaloupes are rotting because everyone is afraid to buy them and eat them. The Honduran harvest season is now over. If the FDA doesn’t act soon, this company and country will be denied a chance to clear its name this season. Instead, the situation will drag into next season — if they can even get financing to plant crops for the US. The best understanding of what is going on is that the FDA made a mistake, is embarrassed and, since it is institutionally incapable of admitting error, it needed to go down to Honduras, find a “problem” and get Agropecuria Montelibano to agree to fix this problem so FDA could announce that “corrective action” had been taken. Then it would lift the Import Alert. Alas, FDA found nothing seriously wrong in Honduras. Thus it cannot announce corrective action has been taken. As a result, the Import Alert still stands. Think about how bizarre this is. If FDA had gone down and found serious food safety violations, the company could take corrective action and the Import Alert would be lifted. Because the company has no serious food safety violations, there is nothing to correct and thus the Alert stands. It boggles the mind! While the behavior of the FDA has been a focus of our coverage, we have been at pains to point out that whatever the flaws of the FDA approach, the industry still needs to focus on better understanding of food safety issues as well as efforts to reduce the food safety risk of our products. In the context of our coverage on this issue, we ran a piece entitled Despite Flawed FDA, Cantaloupes Are Challenged, which led to this letter: Recent food safety outbreaks and FDA warnings involving Honduran cantaloupes have raised many questions. Your latest piece on this topic, “Despite Flawed FDA, Cantaloupes are Challenged,” raised additional questions the California cantaloupe industry could not resist weighing in on. The letter below is meant to dispel any perception that food safety is not a priority for the cantaloupe industry. To the contrary, the California Cantaloupe Industry has been at the forefront of commodity-specific food safety guidance on melons from field to fork for more than a decade. There is, in fact, a significant body of research available on the topic of cantaloupe food safety. We offer your readers today an overview of this research along with a summary of key findings. In addition, we provide comment on what could and should be done to prevent future outbreaks and unnecessarily broad and punitive market withdrawals. The most important point we want to raise is that, although California cantaloupes have never been associated with an outbreak of foodborne illness, our industry does not take this issue lightly for two important reasons. First, our customers and the consumers who eat and enjoy fresh cantaloupes deserve to be assured they are buying a safe and nutritious product. Second, as we’ve seen in the past, concern about outbreaks associated with cantaloupe produced anywhere can have a significant economic impact on all producers. This is why the California cantaloupe industry took action nearly a decade ago. Beginning in 1999, the California cantaloupe industry engaged University of California scientist Dr. Trevor Suslow to proactively initiate an ambitious food safety research program. This program examined all aspects of California cantaloupe production for potential contamination risks, established best practices and recommended new technologies and production methods. Dr. Suslow’s research results showed that the hot and arid climatic conditions in the Central Valley and southern desert regions, where most of the state’s fresh melons are grown, make for a very unfavorable environment for the survival of high levels of foodborne pathogens. Further the irrigation practices of our industry, which strive to keep moisture away from the fruit, also assist in minimizing the risk of contamination and growth of pathogens on cantaloupes in the field. In fact, during Dr. Suslow’s extensive research project, thousands of cantaloupes were randomly selected and tested for the presence of salmonella. The pathogen was never found on any of these California cantaloupes. Still, the industry pressed on in its efforts to address food safety. Food safety became the number one issue of concern for the California Cantaloupe Advisory Board, the state marketing order representing California cantaloupes. Requirements were added to the marketing order for government certified mandatory traceback on all cantaloupes shipped. This was the first program of its type in the United States fresh fruit industry. New best practices designed to prevent potential contamination in the field and packing houses were put in place. In 2004, the cantaloupe industry was the first commodity to complete the FDA recommended Commodity Specific Guidance Document for Melons document,which encompasses all melons produced in the United States. Our work continues today with two new research projects involving food safety slated for the coming year. Please note that all of the California cantaloupe industry-sponsored research is available through the University of California, Davis, and is posted on the California Melon Research Board website at www.cmrb.org This information includes tutorials for growers, packers and consumers. Clearly, this cannot be the stopping point and we find ourselves in agreement with the Pundit in its assessment that more research is needed. Once again, we turned to our respected food safety scientist Dr. Suslow for his thoughts, which he will share with you in a separate letter. From the California cantaloupe industry’s perspective, we hope that research such as what is suggested by Dr. Suslow can and will move forward working with organizations like the Center for Produce Safety, USDA and the FDA, in addition to our own industry’s funding mechanisms for research needs. On a final note, we must emphasize the importance of consumer education. The primary cause whenever cantaloupes have been involved in a foodborne illness outbreak has been the transfer of pathogens from the outside rind to the internal flesh — usually occurring when melons are sliced. Dr. Suslow emphasizes that this is mostly problematic when the pathogens on the rind are present at a high enough level and/or the fruit is cut and then left to sit at room temperature for an extended period. This being said, there are actions which can be taken by the consumer and foodservice operators to prevent outbreaks. As with any preparation involving fresh produce, knives, cutting boards and all utensils should be clean. Melons should be washed in cool running water and scrubbed with a clean brush. Cut fruit should be refrigerated and should be consumed as closely after cutting as possible. These are simple steps and as part of its food safety education program, the California Cantaloupe Board has developed a web page with consumer-friendly messaging on cantaloupe food safety and handling. This web page, available at http://www.cmrb.org/tips/ can be linked to any website and should be added to the food safety section of all retail and grocery store websites to help spread this important message. In addition, following the recent Honduran cantaloupe situation, Dr. Suslow developed a white paper with detailed information on methods for washing cantaloupe for those who are especially concerned about preventing illness http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/datastorefiles/234-928.pdf. Suslow is quick to note that these methods are not really necessary, but for those who want to take extra precautions, this is the proper way to do it. We hope the above information communicates adequately that concern about food safety is paramount for a large segment of the U.S. cantaloupe industry and that real and measurable action is being taken to ensure a safe product. And while the California cantaloupe industry takes responsibility for preventing outbreaks from occurring in our own fields and packinghouses, we are willing to share, discuss and work with other production areas to conduct the necessary research which will ensure outbreaks associated with cantaloupes are eliminated for us all. — Stephen Patricio Chairman, California Cantaloupe Advisory Board — Stephen Smith Chairman, California Melon Research Board It was truly a pleasure to receive this letter, both because an industry so proactive on food safety is something to be celebrated and because Stephen Patricio is the gentleman responsible for the Pundit joining WGA. We eagerly awaited the letter from Dr. Trevor Suslow, who we have mentioned many times in the Pundit and interviewed about food safety here. We also included Dr. Suslow’s suggestions for consumers interested in cleaning their cantaloupes right here. Dr. Suslow’s letter arrived shortly after the above-mentioned letter: It has been quite a year already. A few individuals forwarded your recent entry, “Despite Flawed FDA, Cantaloupes are Challenged,” to ask me about the apparent lack of science behind efforts to reduce the chance of detectable contamination by Salmonella on cantaloupes and why honeydews grown in close regional proximity don’t appear to have the same issues. At the same time, the California Melon Research Board and California Cantaloupe Advisory Board asked if I would send a short note to highlight the large body of melon food safety research supported by the California industry and federal level funding. I am happy to do this as I greatly appreciate and acknowledge the past research and outreach support provided by the California Melon Research Board and the California Cantaloupe Advisory Board, starting at a time when commodity group support for science-based GAP and GHP assessments was much less common. From this springboard, we were successful in securing USDA CSREES funding for several multi-state efforts focused predominantly on cantaloupe. Researchers from UC Davis, University of Georgia, University of Florida, Texas A&M, Iowa State University, ARS scientists at the Western, Eastern, and Southern Research Centers, and collaborators in Mexico were supported by the multi-year grants. Numerous cantaloupe-specific (with a bit of honeydew comparisons as well) journal publications came out of these findings and were presented in several industry workshops and three regional cantaloupe food safety seminars in California, Mexico, and Georgia, supported by USDA CSREES. A large collection of research papers contributed by other domestic and international research groups exists that encompass many aspects of cantaloupe preharvest, but especially postharvest, risk factors and mitigation practices or options. A good deal of this research involves disinfection at shipping point and prior to foodservice or fresh-cut processing. The presentations from these seminars and a large bibliography of melon food safety research citations was available at http://www.ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu, but was removed about two years ago. I have committed to update these and make them available, within the next week, to the California Cantaloupe Advisory Board for posting on their website and available for linkage to other resource centers, such as the Center for Produce Safety. To keep this note relatively brief, we know that Salmonella can survive on cantaloupe for an extended period and has the potential to multiply on the netted cantaloupe rind, under permissive distribution and storage conditions. External contamination may gain access to sub-rind tissues during immersion or flotation, if these practices are used and not well-managed. Internalization may also happen by growth of common surface molds that develop with handling and ripening. We also know that timely cooling and several treatments, such as effective chlorine brush-washing, heat, ozone, peracetic acid, essential oils, lactic acid, and others alone or sequentially will greatly reduce these risks. Within this multi-year project, the greater challenges to surface disinfection of the netted cantaloupe as compared to smooth waxy honeydew were demonstrated. Much of the outcomes of this research was first communicated to the industry and made available to public health regulators in a lay-technical brochure and extension guidance paper: • In 2003 — DANR # 8103. Key Points of Control and Management of Microbial Food Safety: Information for Producers, Handlers, and Processors of Melons; • In 2004 — Minimizing the risk of foodborne illness associated with cantaloupe production and handling in California: Overview of Industry Practices and Risk Assessment. 24pp. In addition, two informational videos to encapsulate the research information into guidance overviews were produced; • In 2005 — Food Safety DVDs With the Consumer in Mind: Growing, Handling, and Shipping California Cantaloupes; and GAP Guidelines for the California Cantaloupe Industry. By request from http://ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu or viewed at the UC Postharvest website http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/ Pubs/video-library.shtml under Cantaloupe. That these research findings and outcomes are not more broadly recognized within the industry and among food safety experts providing input to the Pundit is a clear Call to Action for the food safety extension network. We need to do a better job of ensuring this information is disseminated and accessible beyond the immediate primary users and some of their customers. Looking forward, even prior to the most recent outbreak and massive recall, it seemed prudent to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the newer rapid detection and recovery systems for Salmonella on cantaloupe in light of the CFIA and FDA surveillance-activated voluntary recalls of imported melons in 2006 and 2007. The two California Boards agreed to jointly support an effort toward these practical objectives in our lab this season as well as a baseline-setting survey of regional irrigation water for future guidance ‘metrics’. From a more basic risk assessment need, the melon boards requested we conduct funded, exploratory research into the plausibility of preharvest internalization of bacteria into vines and fruit from irrigation or soil sources. Beyond the research funded by the California and Arizona industry, through the Cantaloupe Advisory Board, the events surrounding the recent outbreak implicating cantaloupes seem to dictate that greater federal dollars or other sources of block funding in research and on-the-ground assessments need to be allocated to epidemiology and pathogen source tracking. A data-based linkage between quantitative levels of detectable pathogens and community-based illness is sorely needed to bring some sense and order to the consequences of our greatly increased ability to recovery pathogens, such as Salmonella, from the outer rind of cantaloupes at shipping point and beyond. This is not at all a trivial undertaking, and I am not the one to do it. The right combination of expertise needs to be brought in with some practical input and adequate access provided by the industry. There are, naturally, other research knowledge gaps that need to be filled as well, but to be honest I think the simple things have been “beat to death” and the constant pursuit of esoteric vectors of pathogens may be diluting research resources to more probable sources. However, a more direct numbers-association between pathogen presence and sporadic illness must be elucidated to strategically and intelligently move beyond the current food safety foundation. Given the appearance of disregard for the investment of resources devoted to systematic food safety programs, research investments should be carefully evaluated for the potential to compel adoption of practices that improve consumer protection and the sustainability of agricultural techniques. In short, I hope and expect that those involved in research funding prioritization in the coming months and the food safety research community at large will spend less energy emphasizing the search for the “silver bullet” kill-step and more on resolving sources of contamination and the environmental biology of key pathogens in different regions. — Trevor V. Suslow, Ph.D. Extension Research Specialist Postharvest Quality and Safety Department of Plant Sciences http://ucgaps.ucdavis.edu http://ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu Dr. Suslow has completed his updating of the bibliography of the food safety literature on cantaloupes and, along with the California Cantaloupe Advisory Board and the California Melon Research Board, has been kind enough to allow us to make a copy available here. We appreciate both letters, and the Pundit is not foolish enough to parse scientific food safety issues with Dr. Suslow. What we do know is this. We keep having food safety issues with cantaloupes. Dr. Suslow’s letter mentions the “…CFIA and FDA surveillance-activated voluntary recalls of imported melons in 2006 and 2007…” and now we have a situation in 2008. It is simply imperative that we get to the bottom of the cause of these food safety issues or a whole commodity will be at risk. How many recalls does a fresh-cut facility have to experience before its executives decide that it can survive without cantaloupe in its fruit salad? Dr. Suslow’s efforts to help consumers looking for ways to wash cantaloupe so as to safeguard their health is certainly laudable. Unfortunately, despite almost every step in the distribution chain having food safety responsibilities, the current state of the law is that FDA will consider any salmonella found on a cantaloupe an adulterant. There is no question that the cantaloupe industry is dedicated to advancing research — more so than many commodities. Still, Dr. Suslow’s letter points out the clear limits to our knowledge. And it makes nine specific suggestions related to current and future research: …evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the newer rapid detection and recovery systems for Salmonella on cantaloupe… …a baseline-setting survey of regional irrigation water for future guidance ‘metrics’…. …plausibility of preharvest internalization of bacteria into vines and fruit from irrigation or soil sources….. …greater federal dollars or other sources of block funding in research and on-the-ground assessments need to be allocated to epidemiology and pathogen source tracking…. …A data-based linkage between quantitative levels of detectable pathogens and community-based illness is sorely needed to bring some sense and order to the consequences of our greatly increased ability to recovery pathogens, such as Salmonella from the outer rind of cantaloupes at shipping point and beyond. … …the constant pursuit of esoteric vectors of pathogens may be diluting research resources to more probable sources…. … a more direct numbers-association between pathogen presence and sporadic illness must be elucidated to strategically and intelligently move beyond the current food safety foundation…. …research investments should be carefully evaluated for the potential to compel adoption of practices that improve consumer protection and the sustainability of agricultural techniques… …spend less energy emphasizing the search for the “silver bullet” kill-step and more on resolving sources of contamination and the environmental biology of key pathogens in different regions…. Many food safety experts believe that #3 — exploring the “….plausibility of preharvest internalization of bacteria into vines and fruit from irrigation or soil sources…” — is absolutely crucial. However, all of Dr. Suslow’s points are well taken. The cantaloupe industry has been sponsoring food safety research since long before most commodities. They have made real progress in advancing our understanding in this area. There is, however, more work to be done. Publicity affecting cantaloupes impacts the whole industry, so it behooves the trade, in general, to support cantaloupe growers in their effort to better understand the issues. Perhaps some of the research funds that the Center for Produce Safety will invest could go to this effort. We also wonder if some kind of national marketing order, similar to the National Watermelon Promotion Board, whose executives we interviewed here, couldn’t be set up so that imported cantaloupe producers would also be contributing to fund food safety research. In any case, we thank Stephen Patricio, Chairman of the California Cantaloupe Advisory Board and Stephen Smith, Chairman of the California Melon Research Board, for reaffirming the trade’s deep commitment to food safety, and we thank Dr. Trevor Sulow of UC Davis for providing a roadmap on how, as an industry, we might get to a safer future. © 2021 Perishable Pundit \| Subscribe \| Print \| Search \| Archives \| Feedback \| Info \| Sponsorship \| About Jim \| Request Speaking Engagement \| Contact Us	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line72
__label__wiki	0.654485	0.654485	Ṭūṭī-nāma \| Monography or Translations of known period \| Fables and Tales \| Survey \| Perso-Indica Fables and Tales Muḥammad Qādirī, Ṭūṭī-nāma [Preliminary Entry] An abridged version of Ṭūṭī-nāma of Żiyā’ al-Dīn Naḫšabī (d. around 751/1350-51) composed by a certain Muḥammad Qādirī in the seventeenth century, containing thirty-five fables and tales on guiles and tricks retold by a parrot to a merchant’s wife named Ḫujasta within a frame story. The book takes its origin from Sanskrit Śukasaptatī (Seventy Tales of the Parrot) translated into Persian for the first time by a secretary of ‘Alā al-Dīn Ḫaljī’s (r. 1286-1306) court named ‘Imād al-Din Ṯaġarī under the title of Jawāhir al-asmār, followed by Naḫšabī’s Ṭūṭī-nāma. Both versions contain stories retold during fifty-two nights aiming to avoid the merchant’s wife from committing adultery. Qādirī’s text is an abridgment of the previous two versions. It was translated into English in 1801 by Francis Gladwin and into German in 1822 by Carl L. Ikens. The book’s first French translation by Marie d’Heures dates 1826, followed by Emile Müller in 1934. English translation: The Tooti Nameh, or Tales of a Parrot: in the Persian Language, with an English Translation, F. Gladwin, ed., Calcutta, 1800 (Republished: London, J. Debrett Institute,1801; Tehran, 1967). French translation: Touti-Nāme ou les contes du perroquet de Ziā-eddin Nakhchabi, d’après la rédaction de Muhammad Qāderi, Müller, Emile, ed., Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1934. German translation: Touti Nameh. Eine Sammlung Persischer Mährchen von Nechschebi, Carl Jacob Ludwig Iken, ed., Stuttgart, 1822 Ethé, Hermann, 1903, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office. Habībullāh, A.B.M., 1966, Descriptive Catalogue of the Persian, Urdu and Arabic Manuscripts in the Dacca University Library. Haksar, A. N. D., 2000, Shuka Saptati Seventy Tales of the Parrot, English translation, New Delhi, Harper Collins. Ivanow, Wladimir, 1924, Concise Descriptive Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the Collection of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Monzavī, Aḥmad, 1987, Fihrist-i muštarak-i nusḫahā-yi ḫaṭṭī-i fārsī-i Pākistān, Islamabad, Iran Pakistan Institute of Persian Studies, vol. 6. Naḫšabī, Żiyā’ al-Dīn, 1978, The Cleveland Museum of Art's Ṭūṭī-Nāma: Tales of the Parrot by Ziya u’d-din Nakhshabi, English translation, Simsar, Muhammad A., ed., Cleveland, Museum of Art - Graz, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. Naḫšabī, Żiyā’ al-Dīn, 1372/1993, Ṭūṭī-nāma, Mojtabā’ī, Fatḥ Allāh – Ārīyā, Ġulām ‘Alī, eds., Tehran, Manūčehrī. Rieu Charles, 1881, Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum. Al-Ṯaġarī, ‘Imād ibn Muḥammad, 1385/2006, Ṭūṭī-nāma Jawāhir al-asmār, Āl-i Aḥmad, Šams, ed., Tehran, Firdaws. Main Persian Title: Ṭūṭī-nāma English Translation of Main Persian Title: Tales of a Parrot Author: Muḥammad Qādirī Approximate period of composition: 1600-1700	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line73
__label__wiki	0.569813	0.569813	You are here: Home › chemistry › Jan Baptist van Helmont – The Founder of Pneumatic Chemistry Jan Baptist van Helmont – The Founder of Pneumatic Chemistry chemistry 12. January 2021 2 Tabea Tietz Jan Baptist van Helmont (1580-1644) On January 12, 1580, Flemish chemist, physiologist, and physician Jan Baptist van Helmont was born. Can Helmont worked during the years just after Paracelsus and is sometimes considered to be “the founder of pneumatic chemistry“. Van Helmont is remembered today largely for his ideas on spontaneous generation and his introduction of the word “gas” (from the Greek word chaos) into the vocabulary of scientists. “I praise my bountiful God, who hath called me into the Art of the fire, out of the dregs of other professions. For truly Chymistry… prepares the understanding to pierce the secrets of nature, and causeth a further searching out in nature, than all other Sciences being put together: and it pierceth even unto the utmost of real truth.” – Jan Baptist van Helmont [13] Jan Baptist van Helmont – Early Years Jan Baptist van Helmont was born in Brussels as a member of the nobler families. His father, Christiaen van Helmont, was a public prosecutor. His inheritance (his father died in 1580) and the income from his wife’s fiefs made him financially independent throughout his life. Helmont studied philosophy, theology, natural history and medicine in a Jesuit seminary in Leuven and received his doctorate in 1599. At the age of 17 he was already a teacher. In the early 17th century, Helmont traveled through Europe, especially England, France, Italy, and Switzerland. In 1605 he returned first to Amsterdam and practiced medicine during a plague epidemic. In 1606 he settled as a doctor and natural scientist on his estate Vilvoorde near Brussels. There he carried out chemical and physiological experiments in his private laboratory. Instead of accepting the Jesuits’ offer to enter into ecclesiastical service, he married Margarite van Ranst in 1609 and thus received the title Lord. He also rejected a call from Emperor Rudolf II. Van Helmont dealt with the works of Galenus, Hippocrates, Avicenna and Paracelsus.[9,10] He was a follower of Paracelsus and regarded him as his model, whereas he rejected galenic medicine and, on the basis of his own research, arrived at results that contradicted the traditional concept of humoral pathology. The Pot Experiment The sources on Jan Baptist van Helmont differ. Often, the scientist is credited with the idea of the pot experiment to test if plants obtained their mass from the soil. The subject of Helmont’s experiment was the transplantation of a willow shoot weighing five pounds. Since the time of ancient Greek natural philosophy, it was assumed that all matter consisted of four elements: earth, water, fire and air. With the willow shoot, van Helmont wanted to prove that only air and water were elementary matter. He took the shoot from nature, removed the earth from its roots and weighed it. He then planted it in a pot full of weighed earth. The tree was then regularly watered with water, otherwise nothing was added. Five years after planting the willow, he pulled it out of the soil of the pot and weighed both a second time. From the earth only 2 ounces had been lost in this time, the tree however was 169 pounds and 3 ounces heavy. From this Van Helmont drew the reasonable conclusion: “164 pounds of wood, bark and roots originated from water alone“. Only later did research by other scholars show that plants also need air (especially the carbon dioxide it contains), light and – in much smaller quantities – substances from the soil to grow. However, many historians assume that Helmont’s experiment was mostly inspired by the work of Nicolas of Cusa and his book ‘De Staticus Experimentis‘ in which a similar thought experiment is described [5]. Pneumatic Chemistry and Iatrochemistry Further, van Helmont is often referred to as the founder of pneumatic chemistry. He described several sources of gas sylvestre, his term for carbon dioxide, including belches, fermenting wine and burning charcoal, which is of plant origin. It is believed that Helmont was well aware of the fact that burning dry plant matter released large amounts of carbon dioxide. As David Hershey puts it, Helmont was unfortunately not able to conclude from his data that “fresh plant matter consisted largely of water but that dry plant matter consisted mainly of carbon dioxide gas and a small amount of soil minerals . That kind of conclusion would have advanced plant biology by well over a century.”[11] Jan Baptist van Helmont became the founder of iatrochemistry with Christian-mythic traits, which he opposed to iatromechanics. He described all life processes as chemical processes, which he called “fermentation” and attributed to “gaseous ferments”. In 1644 he was the first to synthesise sulphuric copper oxide ammonia (Cuprum sulphuricum ammoniatum, Kupriammonium sulphate). Van Helmont was responsible for the discovery of coal gases in the early days of modern chemistry. He discovered a “wild spirit” which emanated from heated wood and coal, and in his book “Origins of Medicine” (1609) called it “gas” (derived from chaos, spirit, gauze, blowing, …). House Arrest and Ban on Publication Jan Baptist van Helmont closely followed the controversy between the Marburg professor Rudolf Goclenius the Younger and the Belgian Jesuit Jean Roberti. In 1617 the latter had rejected the healing method of magnetic wound healing with the “sympathetic powder” published by Goclenius in 1608. A manuscript by van Helmont with extensive support of the point of view of the Protestant professor was published against his will by Roberti. His ideas brought him into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1625 the Spanish Inquisition (responsible for the Spanish Netherlands) condemned 27 statements as heresy, presumptuous arrogance, proximity to Lutheran and Calvinist doctrine. The University of Leuven rejected his teachings because they were inspired by Paracelsus. From 1633 to 1636 he was under house arrest. The persecutions by the church did not end until 1642, when he received the imprimatur for a treatise on fever. Therefore he could not publish between 1624 and 1642, until shortly before his death. Full rehabilitation did not take place until 1646 after his death. Hero and Fool During his lifetime, Jan Baptiste van Helmont was known as both, “hero and fool” because his “combination of mysticism, magic, alchemy, and new science irritated even his contemporaries”. Robert Boyle was one of Helmont’s admirers, but even Boyle could not really understand how van Helmont one the one hand made numerous important discoveries and on the other hand “could also produce such unscientific nonsense” [6]. Historians note that Helmont’s works are difficult to understand because often, his scientific writing is mixed with nonscientific discourses on such things as religious metaphysics and cosmology. For instance, Helmont apparently believed in spontaneous generation, that the philosophers’ stone could be used to turn other metals into gold and that applying salve to the weapon that caused a wound would promote healing of the wound. Unfortunately, Helmont later got arrested and convicted of heresy under the Spanish Inquisition for his publication on the matter. [1] Jan Baptist von Helmont at Famous Scientists [2] Misconceptions about Helmont’s Willow Experiment in A Case Study of Academic Misconduct, Peer Review Failures and Journal Coverups of Published Errors by David R. Hershey [3] Johann Baptista van Helmont at Chemistry Explained [4] Jan Baptist van Helmont at Wikidata [5] Nikolaus of Cusa and the Learned Ignorance, SciHi Blog, August 11, 2013. [6] Robert Boyle – The Sceptical Chemist, SciHi Blog, December 31, 2015. [7] Catholic Encyclopedia: Jan Baptista van Helmont [8] Ortus Medicinae (Origin of Medicine, 1648) [9] Paracelsus – a Typical Renaissance Scientist?, SciHi Blog [10] Avicenna – The Most Significant Polymath of the Islamic Golden Age, SciHi Blog [11] David Hershey, Misconceptions about Helmont’s Willow Experiment. Plant Science Bulletin, The Botanical Society of America:The Society for ALL Plant Biologists, Fall 2003 vol 49, 3, pp. 78-84. [12] Timeline of Flemish Scientists, via DBpedia and Wikidata [13] Jan Baptist van Helmont at LibQuotes [14] Lecture 5 Energy and Matter, BIOLogics by Dr. C @youtube alchemy, Avicenna, galenus pergamon, Hippocrates, iatrochemistry, inquisition, Jan Baptist van Helmont, Netherlands, Nikolaus of Cusa, Paracelsus, Renaissance, Robert Boyle Joseph Jackson Lister – Perfecting the Optical Microscope Clark Ashton Smith – The Last of the Great Romantics Tabea Tietz View all posts by Tabea Tietz → Anthony Fokker and his Famous Aircrafts Ambroise Paré – Renaissance Pioneer in Surgical Techniques The Most Accurate Instruments of Gemma Frisius Gerardus Mercator – The Man who Mapped the Planet Pingback: Whewell’s Gazette: Year 2, Vol. #27 \| Whewell's Ghost Tweets by SciHiBlog refer: The SciHi Blog is made with enthusiasm by yovisto 0 Recommended Articles:	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line75
__label__cc	0.597815	0.402185	Bennett to continue fighting for educational funding, economic development opportunities Published: Wednesday, January 13, 2021 05:10 PM SPRINGFIELD – State Senator Scott Bennett (D-Champaign) was sworn into office today for another term in the Illinois Senate. “With the beginning of the 102nd General Assembly, I am hopeful that we can come together as a body to help our communities move forward from COVID-19,” Bennett said. “I will continue addressing the challenges facing the people of central and east-central Illinois, and I am grateful for the opportunity to serve the 52nd District for another term.” Bennett has represented the 52nd District since his appointment in 2015 to fill the vacancy left by Michael Frerichs, who resigned after he was elected state treasurer. The district includes parts of Champaign and Vermilion Counties and includes communities such as Champaign-Urbana, Rantoul and Danville. Bennett has championed many legislative issues, such as strengthening coal ash pollution protections and successfully launching the Farm Family Resource Initiative, and has been a longtime advocate to colleges and universities. He plans to continue to fight for robust investment in higher education and to make agriculture and economic development a priority. Bennett strives to keep everyone updated with the most helpful and accurate information, and encourages people to reach out via his website with questions and concerns or to contact one of his district offices: Champaign: 217-355-5252 Danville: 217-422-5252 This week marks the start of the 102nd General Assembly. Bennett makes last call for sock donations Published: Monday, January 11, 2021 08:51 AM DANVILLE – To help ensure folks stay warm during the cold winter months, State Senator Scott Bennett (D-Champaign) is collecting socks to benefit area shelters through Friday, Jan. 15. “Donations to shelters are down this year due to COVID-19, so Robinson Chiropractic and I have teamed up to collect socks,” Bennett said. “Now more than ever, it’s important to support each other as a community – I encourage you to donate, if you’re able.” Worn-out or ragged socks put people at serious risk of foot disease and, during the winter months, in severe danger from the cold. As a result, new socks are greatly needed by those experiencing homelessness—but they are the least donated clothing item at homeless shelters. Community members are encouraged to donate new socks for men, women and children at the collection locations below: Bennett backs ISAC in providing free assistance for students completing financial aid applications CHAMPAIGN – To help high school seniors and adult students stay on track with their college plans amid the pandemic, State Senator Scott Bennett (D-Champaign) supports the Illinois Student Assistance Commission’s (ISAC) efforts to assist students in completing financial aid applications. “It’s vital that students know about and receive the financial aid they’re eligible for, especially during these unprecedented times,” said Bennett, a member of the Senate Higher Education Committee. “As students continue to navigate the pandemic and plan for the future, I’m thrilled to see Illinois leading the way.” According to the governor’s office, Illinois closed out the year ranking the number-one state for completions of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), the form most students use to apply for federal and state financial aid for post-secondary education. ISAC is reaching out directly to schools that previously participated in the College Changes Everything campaign and is offering free supports statewide, such as online financial aid completion workshops for students and parents. Individual assistance to students and parents in completing financial aid applications is also available via web conferencing, phone, text or email. “We want to make sure every high school senior and adult student in Illinois knows that completing a financial aid application is a critical step for their future,” said Jacqueline Moreno, ISAC’s director of College Access and Outreach. “We can help make the application process fairly quick and easy for most students.” Find free assistance and more information at ISAC’s website. Bennett encourages families to exercise caution this holiday season Published: Monday, December 21, 2020 04:28 PM CHAMPAIGN – With the 2020 holiday season occurring during a global health pandemic, State Senator Scott Bennett (D-Champaign) is reminding residents to celebrate safely over the coming weeks. “This has been a year of sacrifice to protect those we care about from COVID-19,” Bennett said. “We can’t let our guard down now with the holidays approaching. There is still time to downsize your plans so we can keep folks safe and healthy.” The Illinois Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control still recommend avoiding large groups and staying at home as often as you can, and wearing masks and practicing social distancing if you must go out. “We all have to do our part during this critical time, and the safest way to spend the holiday is with those in our immediate households,” Bennett said. “Please take this seriously so we can create new memories with all of our loved ones in the New Year.” Bennett teams up with Robinson Chiropractic for warm socks drive Senate committee discusses expansion U of I’s rapid COVID-19 testing Bennett partners with C-U at Home for holiday drive Bennett receives award for support of agriculture education in Illinois schools	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line78
__label__wiki	0.99005	0.99005	‘People Keep Talking’ about Hoodie Allen Max Fritzhand Hip-hop artist Hoodie Allen will be having a world tour for his new album, “People Keep Talking.” The album has 14 tracks and features well-known artist Ed Sheeran. Allen’s single, “Dumb For You,” was recently on Billboard’s and iTunes’ top charts. People are going crazy over the Jewish hip-hop artist, Hoodie Allen. Back in August, when Allen announced he was releasing his first full-length album, fans were joyous and many pre-ordered the album. “People Keep Talking” will be released on Oct. 14, along with his tour starting on Oct. 3. The tour will come to Cincinnati on Nov. 3 at Bogarts. Tickets right now are selling for $35. Chiddy Bang will make an appearance during Allen’s performance. “I’m considering going to Hoodie Allen’s concert, even though its on a school night. I’m sure his new album will be better than his previous album, ‘All American,’” sophomore Noah Stern said. Steven Markowitz, the man behind Allen, is set to release 14 tracks on his upcoming album. Allen has already debuted four tracks on iTunes, YouTube, and SoundCloud. The four tracks, “Movie,” “Dumb For You,” “Act My Age” and “Show Me What You’re Made Of” are already popular hits among the fans. Allen started working on the album in Aug. 2012, and completed it around early April of this year. He launched the song “Show Me What You’re Made Of” in late May. “My new favorite song by Hoodie Allen is “Act My Age,” I just love the beat to it,” junior Sam Myers said. In one of Allen’s YouTube videos, he explained the reason behind the album title ‘People Keep Talking.’ People are talking about Allen and his work, and he is just doing his own thing. Looking for a new movie to watch? The Queen’s Gambit Review Concerts from your couch I’m Proud to Have a Limb Difference. “The Witches” Movie Says I Should Feel Otherwise Tips and Tricks to Carving a Pumpkin Having A Healthy Halloween	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line84
__label__cc	0.555247	0.444753	Genre: History (x) Subject heading: South Carolina -- History (x) Time period: Antebellum Period (x) Holding Institution: University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library (x) T.A. Richards (1) Dedicatee The Youth of South Carolina (2) Richardson, SC (1) S. Babcock & Co. (1) Savage & McCrea (1) The History of South Carolina, from its First European Discovery to its Erection into a Republic Antebellum Period \| History \| Redfield \| 1860 Believing it “necessary to the public man, as to the pupil,” Simms undertook The History of South Carolina explicitly for the education of the state’s young people, so as to tell them the vibrant history of the state and the distinguished accomplishments of her leaders.[1] There is evidence to suggest that Simms was particularly motivated to write such a history in order to provide an historical account of South Carolina and notable South Carolinians, to his eldest child Augusta, who was attending boarding school in Massachusetts in the late 1830s.[2] Simms seemingly ... Antebellum Period \| History \| S. Babcock & Co. \| 1840	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line85
__label__wiki	0.763884	0.763884	Cummins has exceeded expectation – Saker Posted By admin on March 18, 2017 Play 01:57 Saker: ‘It’s a cut-throat series for everyone’ Pat Cummins exceeded expectations of even Australia’s coaching staff by snaring three wickets on the third day in Ranchi, to add to his one from Friday. Cummins finished the day with 4 for 59 from 25 overs, bowling with pace and venom on a good batting pitch. Among his victims were Virat Kohli and Ajinkya Rahane, two key batsmen who fell cheaply. Sending Cummins to India to replace the injured Mitchell Starc was always going to be a gamble for Australia’s selectors, given his history of significant injuries. Although he was Man of the Match on his Test debut in Johannesburg as an 18-year-old in 2011, Cummins has spent such long periods in injury recovery that this Test is just his 10th first-class match. Earlier this month, he completed his first Sheffield Shield game in nearly six years. That game was also his first first-class game of any type since mid-2015. But with the series locked at 1-1 and a historic series win in India up for grabs, Australia risked rushing Cummins in for the Ranchi Test, and his efforts on day three have given them hope. “It’s superb. I thought last night he bowled particularly well, but today he backed that up and to produce some of the balls he produced to get wickets is pretty exciting,” David Saker, Australia’s bowling coach, said. “Hats off to the selectors to go with him. Ball speed in India is a big thing because the wickets don’t generate any pace. But he was way higher than the expectations we had.” Cummins has sent down the fewest overs of any of Australia’s four frontline bowlers so far in this Test, but has looked by far the most dangerous. Saker said no restrictions had been placed on Cummins’ workload in this Test, but they did not expect him to have too much to do over the next two days. “It’s a really important Test match for us,” Saker said. “If he ends up bowling more overs than first expected, then so be it. It’s tough cricket over here and because he’s bowling so well the captain will want to keep going to him. I can’t see him bowling too many overs tomorrow and maybe if we do have a bowl on the final day, I think it will be more a spinning wicket.” The return of Cummins at Test level has also coincided with a strong domestic comeback from James Pattinson, another injury-prone fast bowler who has thrived when available. Their respective returns will leave Australia’s selectors salivating over the prospect of having Cummins, Pattinson, Starc and Josh Hazlewood all available at the same time. “It will be a bit of a headache for the selectors when it does happen,” Saker said. “It’s really good to see. Patty [Cummins] today going really well, Josh and Mitch had a fantastic summer. Then we’ve got Jimmy Pattinson, the way he’s come back in the last few Shield games and he’s got another chance in a Shield final, so that’s really good for him and good for Australian cricket. “To be strong in world cricket and especially the Australian team you need a good crop of fast bowlers and we’ve got that at the moment. But we’ve had a lot of problems getting them on the park. There are still other back-up bowlers. “Jackson Bird is here, he does a fantastic job when he’s called upon. Peter Siddle’s been outstanding for long periods of time. Chadd Sayers again, probably one of the unlucky fast bowlers in Australian cricket. We’ve got a good crop so that’s exciting for me and the Australian cricket team.” Brydon Coverdale is an assistant editor at ESPNcricinfo. @brydoncoverdale ← Smuts, Birch secure last-over thriller for Warriors New Zealand's batting problems threaten sour end to the summer →	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line87
__label__wiki	0.960883	0.960883	Home News & Event Events 2016 Award Presentation Ceremony Press Release The Shaw Prize Award Presentation Ceremony 2016 Tuesday, 27 September 2016. At today’s presentation ceremony of The Shaw Prize at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, the Honourable C Y Leung, Chief Executive of the HKSAR, People’s Republic of China, presented the awards to the six Laureates. After several months of deliberation, the international prize committee selected the Shaw Laureates and announced the results at the press conference on 31 May 2016. Details of this year’s Shaw Laureates are as follows: The Shaw Prize in Astronomy is awarded in equal shares to Ronald W P Drever Professor of Physics, Emeritus, California Institute of Technology, USA Kip S Thorne Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, Emeritus, California Institute of Technology, USA and Professor Emeritus in Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA for conceiving and designing the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), whose recent direct detection of gravitational waves opens a new window in astronomy, with the first remarkable discovery being the merger of a pair of stellar mass black holes. The Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine is awarded in equal shares to Adrian P Bird Buchanan Professor of Genetics, University of Edinburgh, UK and Huda Y Zoghbi Professor of Pediatrics & Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Director of Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital and Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA for their discovery of the genes and the encoded proteins that recognize one chemical modification of the DNA of chromosomes that influences gene control as the basis of the developmental disorder Rett syndrome. The Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences is awarded to Nigel J Hitchin Savilian Professor of Geometry, Oxford University, UK for his far-reaching contributions to geometry, representation theory and theoretical physics. The fundamental and elegant concepts and techniques that he has introduced have had wide impact and are of lasting importance. The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw in November 2002 to honour individuals, regardless of race, nationality, gender and religious belief, who have recently achieved significant breakthrough in academic and scientific research or applications and whose work has resulted in a positive and profound impact on mankind. The Shaw Prize consists of three annual prizes: Astronomy, Life Science and Medicine, and Mathematical Sciences. The monetary award for each prize has been increased from US$1 million to US$1.2 million starting from this year. This is the thirteenth year that the Prize has been awarded. Highlight of the 2016 ceremony will be released worldwide via satellite between Hong Kong time 2230–2300 (GMT 1430–1500) (satellite feed table attached). Photographs will be uploaded the same day at Hong Kong time 2230 (GMT 1430) on the website www.shawprize.org. The ceremony programme will be broadcast on HKTVB Jade and Pearl Channels on 1 October at Hong Kong time 2230–2305 and on 3 October at Hong Kong time 1855–1925 respectively. 27 September 2016 Hong Kong	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line88
__label__wiki	0.947989	0.947989	Home News & Event News 2012 - Press Notification Press Notification The Shaw Prize Foundation will hold a press conference in Hong Kong on Tuesday, 29 May 2012 to announce the Shaw Laureates for 2012. The information about the Laureates will also be posted on our website www.shawprize.org at Hong Kong time 1530 (GMT 0730) on that date. Highlights of the press conference will be released worldwide via satellite between Hong Kong time 1930 − 2000 (GMT 1130 − 1200). The Shaw Laureates 2012 will receive their Awards in Hong Kong at the ceremonial prize-giving on Monday, 17 September 2012. The Shaw Prize, which was launched in November 2002, consists of three annual prizes: Astronomy, Life Science and Medicine, and Mathematical Sciences. Each prize carries a monetary award of US$1 million. Established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw, the Prize honours individuals, regardless of race, nationality and religious belief, who have achieved significant breakthrough in academic and scientific research or application and whose work has resulted in a positive and profound impact on mankind. The Shaw Prize is an international award managed and administered by The Shaw Prize Foundation based in Hong Kong. Mr Shaw also founded The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust and The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. Jeannie Lee Joanne Yik The Shaw Prize Secretariat Link-Work Communications (HK) Ltd Email: press@shawprize.org Email: joanne.yik@link-work.com.hk Tel No: (852) 2994 4888 / 2335 5683 Tel No: (852) 2918 0901 Fax No: (852) 2994 4881 Fax No: (852) 2530 0399 15 May 2012 Hong Kong Press Invitation	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line89
__label__wiki	0.848876	0.848876	All Of The Albums All Of The Songs Essays & Posts « 133 – She’s A Woman – Boia Of Roma! 135 – I Don’t Want To Spoil The Party – The Nu-Utopians » 134 – Glass Onion – Sandel CLICK HERE TO PLAY SONG Original Version recorded September 11 1968 Ukulele version recorded – July 26 2011 Sandel – Vocal David Barratt – Ukulele and everything else Produced by David Barratt at The Abattoir Of Good Taste Written by John Lennon Credited to Lennon & McCartney Paul McCartney had the original idea for writing a song that made fun of Beatles obsessives that over analyzed their lyrics but it was John who made that idea a reality. This song was written after the Beatles got word that people were having parties listening to their records and trying to figure out the meaning of every lyric. On hearing this Lennon went about the business of re-assembling lyrics from previous Beatles songs to make a nonsense/total sense meal for Beatle fans to devour and obsess about. The lyrics are hilarious and strangely beautiful andI bet John is still having a good laugh about them. I love it when artists refer to some of their former songs in newer songs, so this song automatically is awesome in my book and this song has loads. "Strawberry Fields Forever," "I Am the Walrus," "Lady Madonna," "The Fool on the Hill," and "Fixing a Hole." are referenced directly. There are also subtle, passing references to "There’s a Place," "I’m Looking Through You," and "Within You Without You." The song’s "The Walrus was Paul" lyric is both a reference to "I Am the Walrus" and Lennon saying "something nice to Paul" in response to changes in their relationship at that time. Ironically the line was interpreted as a clue in the "Paul is dead" urban legend that alleged McCartney died in 1966 during the recording of Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band and was replaced by a look-alike and sound-alike. Lennon himself dismissed any deep meaning to the lyrics: “I threw the line in—’the Walrus was Paul’—just to confuse everybody a bit more. It could have been ‘The fox terrier is Paul.’ I mean, it’s just a bit of poetry. I was having a laugh because there’d been so much gobbledygook about Pepper—play it backwards and you stand on your head and all that.” It is our job here at The Beatles Complete On Ukulele to analyze Beatles songs, so to analyze a song that makes fun of Beatle analysis is particularly fun. Here are some of the references. Cast Iron Shore: is an area of beach near Liverpool called Otterspool that is now partly built over which is known locally as “The Cazzy” A Dovetail Joint: Despite sounding like a hippieish way of smoking weed a dovetail joint is a technique most commonly used in woodworking joinery. Noted for its resistance to being pulled apart (tensile strength), the dovetail joint is commonly used to join the sides of a drawer to the front. Glass Onion: three meanings 1. A Victorian phrase for a monocle or a magnifying glass. 2. A bong 3. A hypodermic needle The Ukulele Version begins with Paul introducing John on a radio show. In a truly surreal stream of consciousness he describes John as a sheep farmer, colour consultant, chain gang farmer, fighter pilot and table tennis wicket-keeper, which of course he was. It ends with John avoiding answering a question about the meaning of “Hey Jude”. In between comes a new voice from Australia. Sandel sings like an angel who had some work experience with The Devil. She lives and performs in New York. Check her out. She is very good. Sandel is a 23 year old folk pop artist, born and raised in the rural bush-lands of Australia. She launched onto the Australian music scene in 2008, with her debut Story Of My Life- a collection of catchy melodies and thoughtful lyrics. In 2011 Sandel upped sticks and moved to New York. Soon after she recorded her follow up EP Lines– a five track ‘journey through the soul’ filled with atmospheric guitar lines, colorful rhythms and rousing harmonies. But through it all lies Sandel’s real calling card- her “delicate… enticing voice” – enticing enough to make music blog Stalkerzine demand that their readers “buy this ep….give your heart a break and let your soul free.” Get a free download from Lines, plus find out all the latest news and gig info at: www.sandelmusic.com Tags: John Lennon, The Beatles, Ukulele Feed http://thebeatlescompleteonukulele.com/feed/ Original Posts & Essays Original Posts & Essays Select Month July 2012 (5) June 2012 (4) May 2012 (5) April 2012 (4) March 2012 (4) February 2012 (4) January 2012 (5) December 2011 (4) November 2011 (5) October 2011 (4) September 2011 (4) August 2011 (5) July 2011 (4) June 2011 (4) May 2011 (5) April 2011 (4) March 2011 (5) February 2011 (4) January 2011 (4) December 2010 (4) November 2010 (5) October 2010 (4) September 2010 (5) August 2010 (4) July 2010 (4) June 2010 (5) May 2010 (4) April 2010 (4) March 2010 (3) February 2010 (6) January 2010 (4) December 2009 (5) November 2009 (4) October 2009 (4) September 2009 (5) August 2009 (4) July 2009 (4) June 2009 (5) May 2009 (4) April 2009 (4) March 2009 (5) February 2009 (4) January 2009 (2) © 2021 The Beatles Complete On Ukulele. 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__label__wiki	0.973004	0.973004	PureFlix.com Continues to Add New, Original Content Including First Christian Sitcom, Soap Opera By David Migdal SCOTTSDALE, Ariz – PureFlix.com, the leader in faith and family-friendly streamed entertainment, is expanding its roster of original content with the addition of the industry’s first Christian sitcom, soap opera and more. After launching the sitcom “Hitting The Breaks” last month, the company will follow that up this fall with “Hilton Head Island”, a soap opera featuring several well-known stars, and a comedic series, “Malibu Dan”. All will debut as PureFlix Original Series. “There’s a clearly an appetite for original content in the streaming video world and we decided it was a hunger we needed to feed,” said Greg Gudorf (photo), CEO of PureFlix.com. “Our efforts paid off; Our growing subscriber base gravitates toward original series that are new, fresh and can only be seen on our platform.” In late July, PureFlix.com launched “Hitting the Breaks” starring David A.R. White with Andrea Logan White, Gianna Simone, Kevin Downes and others. It’s a sitcom about a former racecar driver who relocates his family to Colorado to run a country inn in a town full of colorful characters. Tim Tebow, Rob Schneider and Carrot Top all make guest appearances. Each of the 10 episodes concludes with a prayer provided by award-winning actor Burt Reynolds. The first Christian soap opera from PureFlix.com debuts this fall. “Hilton Head Island” is currently in production and features such stars as Antonio Sabato Jr., Donna Mills, and Wink Martindale in a 22-episode family-focused dramatic series. That will be followed by “Malibu Dan” (also starring David A.R. White), a 12-episode comedic series about a co-host of morning talk show in Malibu, Calif, who struggles to find a balance between work and his home life. Since mid-2015, the streaming video on demand (SVOD) service has added seven original series, beginning with “The Encounter” series, which was lauded by PureFlix.com subscribers for its depiction of Jesus (played by Bruce Marchiano) helping people in everyday situations. Other successful originals include the “Pure Flix Comedy All-Stars”, “After The Encounter” and “Pure Talk”, a talk show covering Christian issues and trends. “The popularity and success of ‘The Encounter’ series was the driving force for us to expand our original content lineup,” said Gudorf. “It gave us the confidence to keep on developing new original series and programs.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line91
__label__cc	0.59978	0.40022	The Small Places Eleanor Roosevelt, 1958 'Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home -- so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any map of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person... Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.' Eleanor Roosevelt, 1958 The Small Places has moved... The Small Places has moved to a new home here, including all the old posts. Any posts after 6th March 2014 will appear on the new website, but old posts are preserved here so that URLs linking here continue to work. Please check out the new site. Is publicity always the soul of justice? Yesterday in parliament an MP used his parliamentary privilege to identify a woman who was threatened with prison for naming the council at the heart of a child protection row she was involved in. She named her council during a meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Family Law and the Court of Protection discussing Transparency. The MP was silenced by the Speaker before he had a chance to go any further; Bercow wanted to discuss further – in private – whether the case was in fact sub judice. No doubt like many others who followed the parliamentary exchange, I sought out information on the identified individual online. As others have commented, I found no sources of information that gave a particularly well reasoned or calm appraisal of events – which is not to say that what’s written isn’t true. However what is clear is that allegations made by the mother are extremely serious, both with respect to named individuals and the public authorities involved in the case. The allegations relate to extremely sensitive and personal information regarding her child, who is also named online. Even if we assume that the allegations have some foundation in fact, however, I remain unconvinced that this exercise in ‘transparency’ will assist the children at the heart of this case. Over the last few weeks there has been considerable media coverage of ‘gagging orders’: super-injunctions, hyper-injunctions and quaero-injunctions. The general consensus in the press, perhaps unsurprisingly, is that they are a matter of grave concern. Bundled up amongst the celebrity scandals and suppression of matters which – on the surface at least – seem to be in the public interest to know about (Trafigura dumping toxic waste on the Côte d'Ivoire, or paint in ship’s water containers breaking down into toxic chemicals), are several cases relating to the Family Courts and the Court of Protection. In what I have read, the arguments against ‘gagging orders’ fall roughly into two camps: Gagging orders violate the right to freedom of expression (Article 10 ECHR) of a) the media themselves (e.g. this article), and b) the individuals at the heart of the cases (e.g. this article). Gagging orders go against the principles of Open Justice, and without the media’s presence miscarriages of justice may go unchallenged – and may even be more likely (e.g. this article, and this one) I don’t want to wade into the debate about the Article 10 rights of the media, or of women to ‘kiss and tell’, but I do want to consider in a bit more detail the second argument, succinctly put in these famous passages from Jeremy Bentham: ‘Publicity is the very soul of justice. It is the keenest spur to exertion, and the surest of all guards against improbity. It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial.’ ‘In the darkness of secrecy, sinister interest and evil in every shape, have full swing. Only in proportion as publicity has place can any of the checks, applicable to judicial injustice, operate. Where there is no publicity there is no justice.’ The best argument I have read for greater openness in the Court of Protection and family courts is by the Guardian’s director of editorial legal services Gill Phillips (transcript and audio are available here; I particularly recommend the audio recording). Coincidentally, Phillips’ speech was delivered in the same meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Group where the council in the child protection row mentioned above was identified. Following Phillips’ speech, Cafcass head Anthony Douglas gave a talk which began ‘Transparency has disappointingly become more about the rights of adults than the rights of children’. The text of Douglas’ speech is also worth reading for a counterbalancing point of view, but he was unable to deliver it in full, being heckled off stage by angry families. One woman can be heard to say ‘you're so deluded, you have no clue how much the people are suffering in this country’, and another ‘people need to speak and express themselves’. Douglas hastily wound up his speech saying 'Transparency is about transparency of understanding the situation that the child is going through... not about opening up a court process.' I would differ from him on that latter point; I believe there are things that could be done to open up the court process without infringing the rights of the child. In any case, tensions evidently ran high in that meeting. Phillips began by reiterating that it is a ‘fundamental principle of common law that justice is conducted and judgments are given in public’. Article 6 permits that the press and public can be excluded from the court: ...in the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. It is, as I have discussed previously, an unqualified feature of Article 6 (the right to a fair trial) that judgment must be ‘pronounced publicly’ – but in the case Pretto v Italy (1983) the ECtHR found that this criterion was satisfied by depositing a copy of the judgment in a registry open to the public – it didn’t have to be read in open court. I have argued in several posts on Open Justice that the Court of Protection, and indeed the courts service as a whole, need to ensure that all judgments that are not read aloud in open court are freely accessible to the public in the form of written judgments. If necessary, as often will be the case in the Court of Protection and family courts, those judgments should be redacted to protect the identities of children or other protected parties to the case. My interest in this evidently comes from my role as a legal researcher, but I am aware that legal practitioners, practitioners in health and social care (like CB at Fighting Monsters), and users of the courts, are also keen for greater access to case law to improve their understanding and knowledge. The courts may protest that they issue any judgments that make legal precedent; from the perspective of informing and improving professional practice, this is insufficient. Publication of written judgments could go some way towards putting greater external scrutiny on the courts, in the spirit of Bentham’s work. Not only through greater scrutiny of the reasoning of judges, but on the public authorities involved in the cases themselves. I see no reason why public authorities should not be routinely identified in Court of Protection and family court cases (although I am open to argument if anyone would like to suggest any). In two cases that I am aware of the Court of Protection has allowed the local authority to be identified (G v E, Manchester (2010); Hillingdon v Neary (2011)). But the court appears to wait upon a request from the press to identify the public authorities in the case, and there are cases where public authorities have been criticised for – at best – poor practice where they have not been identified (in this case, for instance). Unless public authorities are identified, it is very difficult to see whether there are repeat offenders for certain kinds of poor practice – or even public authorities who show consistently good practice, for instance by bringing matters to the attention of the courts when they should (see this post for a striking example of this). As Phillips argues, identifying public authorities along with details of cases can also help expose regional disparities in interpretations of the law itself (the example she uses is major variations between local authority interpretations of ‘emotional abuse’). Phillips also gives a very compelling argument for identification of expert witnesses in the family courts, which is worth quoting in full: ...decisions more often than not will involve courts relying on expert evidence. If that evidence is only heard behind closed doors who can scrutinize it? who can check the science is sound, challenge it if need be? I read last week about the Law Commissions proposals for a new "reliability" test to determine the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal cases to avoid the possibility of miscarriages of justice... The law commission said that the current judicial approach to the admissibility of expert evidence in England and Wales is "laissez-faire"...The Law Commission gave examples of fraudulent experts: Godwin Onubu, a bogus doctor, Barian Baluchi, a bogus psychiatrist, Gene Morrison a bogus psychologist. At least criminal trials take place in open and are reportable. Heaven only knows what level of scrutiny and acceptance is in the family courts! The debate about identification of expert witnesses in the family courts is an old one. There are those who argue that the motivation to identify experts is based on a fallacy that expert witnesses are failing the justice system, others might respond that such absolute faith in unscrutinised expert opinion is naïve at best. Phillips also makes a convincing case that since expert witnesses in the family courts are in the pay of the public purse, we should at least know who they are and when they are being used. Since identification of public authorities and expert witnesses could also be done through publication of redacted written judgments, would any additional purpose be served by the media being in court? I wrote previously that it was my view that the press should be allowed to attend the court only with the full and free agreement of the families involved. This is because for some families, especially those who are litigants in person, the presence of the media could have an inhibiting effect on the stories they are able to tell, and may increase the stress they are already under such that they are less able to present their case. For other families though, like the Neary family and no doubt like the lady at the heart of this most recent row, the presence of the press may be explicitly desired by them. For families who feel themselves to have been badly served by public authorities, the media at least appear to serve as an additional safeguard to ensure justice is done and wrongdoing exposed. The difficulty is that in what coverage I have seen of the complex cases the Court of Protection deal with, the media haven’t particularly covered themselves in glory (I know less about the family courts, so will refrain from commenting here). From the perspective of accuracy, the vast majority of articles on Court of Protection cases are riddled with errors of fact and law, which go on to (badly) inform what analysis they do bring (including the Guardian’s own reporting). This recent article from the Daily Mail serves as a case in point; entitled How can it be right? the author makes the familiar argument that the Court of Protection judges deal with some of the most sensitive issues for the most vulnerable in society, and should not be free of external scrutiny in doing so. To illustrate the kinds of work the Court of Protection does she describes some recent cases where the press have been allowed in, but in doing so betrays a lack of understanding of the context and the issues at stake. To give a few examples: ‘Under the laws [sic] of the Mental Capacity Act of 2005, [the Court of Protection] makes decisions for people deemed to lack the intelligence to do so for themselves.’ I can see why they have used the word 'intelligence' rather than 'mental capacity', but it carries significantly different connotations. The court, for instance, would hear cases about people in ‘minimally conscious’ states, or with mental health problems, whose intelligence is not in question. Meanwhile, a person with very low intelligence is likely to have mental capacity in respect of some decisions. ‘judges can compel these vulnerable souls to undergo surgery, take part in medical experiments, use contraception or have abortions. They can decide if a life-support system is switched off, where a person lives or with whom.’ What the author neglects to mention here is what a significant improvement this situation is on what came before. Prior to the Mental Capacity Act 2005 there was an enormous legal lacuna around how such decisions were made, and many were made by medical or other professionals, free of external scrutiny, and without recourse to the court at all. In addition to the safeguard of the court, people in these situations should also be referred to an Independent Mental Capacity Advocate, who offers an additional source of external scrutiny. 'the CoP judges can authorise what are called Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.’ This is just an error in fact. The judges can authorise deprivation of liberty, but the whole point of the safeguards is that supervisory bodies can authorise deprivation of liberty as well without recourse to a judge. In my view we should be less concerned about deprivation of liberty authorised by the courts than the – quite possibly thousands – of cases of deprivation of liberty that are actually occurring in hospitals and care settings but which are unauthorised by the courts or any other public body. ‘[Hillingdon council, in the Neary case] applied successfully to the Court of Protection for a Deprivation of Liberty Safeguard or DOLS order.’ And ‘Mark Neary hired a lawyer and decided to take on Hillingdon Council as well as the Court of Protection which issued the restraining order on Steven.’ This takes factual inaccuracy to the level of fiction. Hillingdon council authorised Steven Neary’s deprivation of liberty themselves using the safeguards, without resort to a court at all. The court in fact terminated the deprivation of liberty and sent Steven home! ‘Earlier this year, a 41-year-old man living at a council home, and in a relationship with another man, which he said made him happy, was barred by the Court of Protection from ever having sex with any human being again... He will be followed everywhere for the rest of his life by an orderly at the home, unless he is alone in his bedroom.’ Again, this is fiction. The order in this case was an interim order, not ‘for the rest of his life’, and the judge in fact directed that AB should receive sex education so that he might acquire the mental capacity to engage in sexual relations. Even in the context of almost universally inaccurate reporting on Court of Protection cases (the Telegraph, generally, is a welcome exception to that rule)[Edit: I feel in the light of this case I should probably retract that and say instead that Martin Beckford's reporting is usually fairly accurate], this is a particularly bad article. But it does serve my point. What benefit is this kind of scrutiny supposed to bring to our justice system? The judgments in the cases mentioned above are in fact in the public domain, and even then they are reported incorrectly. What the media often does do is champion the rights of families, by which I mean to say the rights of those family members who are able to express their views – not necessarily always the rights of the protected parties at the heart of the cases. By all means the media should be free to disagree with the decisions of judges, the evidence of experts, to castigate any unlawful actions by public authorities, but ultimately the courts and the lawmakers will only be responsive to the concerns of the media if they have something well-informed and insightful to say on the matter. I’m not saying this isn’t possible, just that I’ve seen little evidence that the media are yet ready to take up that mantle in the Court of Protection at least. And what about identifying the individuals involved, as happened in parliament yesterday? The Court of Protection does not operate a blanket ban on this, notably identifying Derek Paravicini in this case, and of course the Neary case. The family court may exercise its discretion in permitting the media to watch the case, but they are still subject to statutory restrictions on identifying children from s97 Children Act 1989 and s12 Administration of Justice Act 1960. Further restrictions may come into force with the Children, Schools and Families Act 2010. Phillips regards this as a real obstacle to media coverage of important family law cases: As long as these two provisions remain in place, the media are going to be reluctant to engage with the family court. The fact is, like it or not, names are needed to make stories work. They bring a case to life and give it real meaning... [T]he reality is that the combination of S12 AJA and S 97 Children‘s Act means there is little possibility of the media being able to report anything that they feel may be of interest to their readers. The reality is that despite the increased access, little has changed and there is still little being reported about family cases. I suppose my feeling on this really is ‘well tough’, if the issues are that important it shouldn’t be an insurmountable obstacle, although this is no doubt coloured by my not being a journalist. I really can’t understand why the press cannot report on these cases without naming names. For weeks after the death of Baby Peter, he was known as ‘Baby P’, but that didn’t prevent extensive media coverage of the case. I don't doubt, though, that experienced media professionals like Phillips know better - but I would like to think that if important matters of principle are at stake (as there are in the cases reported recently, which remained anonymous), the press would pick up on them anyway. My concern is that in identifying the children at the heart of these cases – particularly child protection cases and cases where there is a dispute over family contact - there is a real risk of harm being done by the media coverage itself. Often, but not always, similar principles may apply to adults in the Court of Protection, particularly in matters relating to adult safeguarding. We respect the right of rape victims to anonymity, why not children who have suffered abuse or acrimonious family disputes over contact? Why should all the professionals in their lives, all the parents in the playground, and their future friends and colleagues be appraised of some of the most personal and painful details of children’s lives through publication of their name? Does it help children if parents are able to play out their breakup and make allegations in the press? Expose poor judicial decision making, poor expert evidence, poor practice by local authorities by all means – but why should we expose children and vulnerable parties as well if this will cause them harm? This will, inevitably, have an impact of the Article 10 rights of families. It is impossible to identify the family members without the child or adult relation becoming identifiable by extension. I really do understand that when families feel failed by the justice system they want to speak out. Put purely legally, Article 10 rights are qualified rights, and the right of the child to privacy of their current – and future – identities must be balanced against them. Beyond legal rights though, I support the moral case underpinning this. Families may respond that they are not speaking out for themselves, but in order to expose injustice and get their children home. Unfortunately, I’m not convinced as a strategy this will be particularly effective; if anything going to the press is likely to antagonise the courts. If families have signed an undertaking of non-disclosure to MPs or the press, going back on that order is likely to make them appear less trustworthy on matters relating to their child's welfare.* And yes, it is a huge pity if families are prohibited (or, more likely, advised against) speaking to their MP - but if it is suspected that that MP is likely to trample over their children's rights to privacy through use of parliamentary privilege I'm less convinced it is the certain travesty of justice it at first sight appears. In any case, ultimately it’s not the Daily Mail who decides whether their children come home, any more than they decide whether ‘Elisa’s’ daughter gets sterilised, whether ‘Alan’ has sex again, or who even got Steven Neary home. It’s the courts, whatever view you hold of them. There is a tension then. Overall the interests of justice may be served by greater press attention to matters in the family courts and the Court of Protection. The courts could help themselves by being more forthcoming with the reasons for protecting identities or reporting restrictions, or issuing seeming-draconian orders like banning the media from approaching witnesses. They could also take positive steps to engage with transparency themselves, by publishing more (anonymised) judgments. Transparency may also be served by naming the public authorities and expert witnesses involved in cases, whilst protecting – as far as possible – the identities of children and other protected parties. In some cases a press presence in the courtroom may directly further the individual or overall cause of justice, for instance by exposing faulty expert evidence, or by building up pressure to reform a particular area of law a judge has relied upon. But the media say they want names, and in naming individuals involved in many cases we may do them no justice at all. How principled is their stance towards Open Justice then, really, if it is contingent on identifying vulnerable individuals? It seems to me that the media may have as far to go on this as the courts. *It's unclear, in any case, how far these are legal undertakings and not elective agreements. See this post by Carl Gardner, and the comments underneath, for more discussion. It does seem that this case must have some degree of legal force behind it, if the mother was threatened with prison for identifying the council in a public meeting. @CarlGardner raises some important questions about whether this use of parliamentary privilege was appropriate, here CB at Fighting Monsters discusses the difficulty knowing the truth behind stories in the press, here. [Edit: My attention was drawn today to an excellent paper by Lord Justice Munby on transparency in the Family Courts. He puts the issues much better than I have, and clearly his view carries considerably more weight! The paper I am referring to is: Lord Justice Munby, 'Lost opportunities: law reform and transparency in the family courts' [2010] Child and Family Law Quarterly 273 But it's behind a paywall. However Jonathan drew my attention to a lecture that covers roughly the same ground, available here. It's wonderful that a senior judge has expressed concerns around Open Justice in the family courts. I'm not sure that all share Munby LJ's passion for transparency though... 04/05/2011] Posted by Lucy Series at 14:34 2 comments: Labels: Article 10, Article 8, court of protection, family courts, media, open justice Do the DoLS provide an Article 5 compliant right of appeal? Article 5(4) of the European Convention on Human Rights provides that: ‘Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.’ A person deprived of their liberty under the deprivation of liberty safeguards can exercise this right by making an application to the Court of Protection under s21A Mental Capacity Act 2005. Under s21A the court may consider whether the qualifying requirements for deprivation of liberty authorisation are met (see s12 of Schedule A1), the duration of the authorisation, the purpose of the detention and any conditions that authorisation is subject to. The Court of Protection has the power to vary or terminate the authorisation, or direct the supervisory body to do so. The s21A appeal mechanism is, potentially, a very powerful safeguard. The court might consider, for instance, whether depriving someone of their liberty is in their best interests – or even whether they actually have the mental capacity to decide for themselves where they should be accommodated. It could direct that a deprivation of liberty authorisation should be terminated, in effect freeing a person to leave the place at which they are detained. It did this in the case of Steven Neary just before Christmas and in another (unreported) case in the 39 Essex St Court of Protection Newsletter for January. Or it could place additional conditions upon on authorisation, in order to ensure that detention where it is occurring really is in somebody’s best interests, or is the least restrictive option available. The question I will be exploring in this post is – how effective is this safeguard in practice? My concern is that despite its potency, it remains inaccessible for the vast majority of people who are deprived of their liberty and their families. Posted by Lucy Series at 15:14 1 comment: Labels: access to justice, Article 14, Article 5, Article 6, court of protection, deprivation of liberty safeguards, IMCA's, official solicitor, s21A appeals A statistical odyssey through the DoLS - with pictures! It's probably a remnant from my days as a researcher in psychology, but I do love a good graph. And so, I present to you, a statistical Odyssey through the deprivation of liberty safeguards quarterly figures, in pictures. I should say, all the figures are for England only, as I can't find equivalent data for Wales [It's here - cheers CB for the link]. Labels: deprivation of liberty safeguards, DoLS quarterly figures I am a research associate at Cardiff Law School. My research focusses on legal capacity, deprivation of liberty and community care law. I am currently working with colleagues at Cardiff on a project funded by the Nuffield Foundation on welfare cases in the Court of Protection. Prior to becoming a researcher I worked in a variety of roles in health and social care. My contact details are available here. Image is from Eric Lin on Flickr. Placards reading 'I am a man' were worn by African-American sanitation workers, protesting against segregation in Memphis in 1968. 'Imagine' image above by iPhil Search 'The Small Places' Do the DoLS provide an Article 5 compliant right o... A statistical odyssey through the DoLS - with pict... Blogs, including this blog, should never be relied upon as a source of legal advice. They may be out of date, inapplicable to your circumstances, or just plain wrong. If you need to find a solicitor, you could try the Law Society's find a solicitor webpage. The Mental Health Lawyers Association have also begun listing solicitors who do Court of Protection work here. I welcome comments on this page, but they are moderated to ensure that no spam or offensive comments, or comments which might breach court orders, are published. I aim to respond to comments, but may not always find time to do so. 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__label__cc	0.518275	0.481725	Video/Demo Reels One-Woman Show Stephanie Herrera is an Entertainment Specialist: Comedian, Singer, Writer, Producer, Acting Coach, Director, Key Note Speaker, Corporate Trainer, TV Host, Stage/Screen/ & Voice Actor. She is a Canadian Comedy Award and Latin American Achievement Award nominee and has a nice collection of trophies for her work in business and the arts. A graduate of York University, with a Honors Double Major in Theatre and Humanities, she continued her schooling at the Second City Conservatory program and joined the cast of Second City’s “Tony & Tina’s Wedding” show and as a main-stage player of Theatre Sports Toronto. She is the founder and Artistic Director of Durham Improv Collective Inc. A not-for-profit which provides free/subsidized community programs with a focus on people with special needs and families at local abuse shelters. She hosted and was the Community Producer on several show on Rogers TV including her own talk show: Stephanie’s Comedy Chat. Stephanie was the Director of Improv and Interaction at the Pennsylvania Renaissance Faire (www.parenfaire.com), she designed the improv classes at Durham and Fleming Colleges, and she continues to specialize in corporate training. She has hosted dozens of gala fundraisers and city events, and has been a keynote speaker throughout Canada and the United States. Stephanie has shared the stage with some comedy legends such as Colin Mochrie, Patrick McKenna, Linda Kash, Aurora Browne, and Peter Wildman. She regularly blogs and writes articles for Local Biz Magazine, ACT magazine, and Stage 32, as well as has her own blog: “God is Dead” And other Fun Facts! Her book The Ten Commandments of Improvising was released spring 2017, revealing the secrets of thinking spontaneously. She has been fortunate to be a recipient of multiple grants through the Ontario Arts Council which has allowed her to teach thousands of students in the public and Catholic school boards and adults with special needs through Community Living. Her one woman show “Am I pretty now?”: A musical romp through plastic surgery, premiered in New York city at SOLOCOM in November 2016 and played at the Toronto Fringe (2017) to rave reviews. She has sat on the Board of the Durham Region International Film Festival , was the Director of Industry Operations for DRIFF and for the Future of Film Showcase, and was a judge for FOFS and the Routes to Roots Film Festival in Norfolk County. Stephanie has worked in radio (sales and creative) and is a voice over actor and coach. She can be heard on the weekly podcast Eileen & Steph: Everything’s fine! (on iTunes, Spotify, and Google Play) Copyright 2021 - Stephanie Herrera	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line96
__label__wiki	0.804501	0.804501	Top » Catalog » Books » Outdoors » The Potts’ Factor Versus Murphy’s Law By Stan Potts Former Idaho outfitter Stan Potts grew up, explored, worked in and lives in some of the wildest country in America – the famed wilderness of northcentral Idaho. In the process of spending a lifetime of working at just about every enterprise a wild country person can, from rancher and cowboy to wilderness guide to outfitter, plus a dozen others thrown in for good measure, he has pitted his own penchant for pursuing wild things into a way of life unique to his land and his personality. And he has done it, almost every step of the way, as a family man. His adventures – well, most of them anyway – were his family's adventures, whether it was living in the wilds or sharing the arduous lifestyle of a wilderness outfitter. Now, in a big 192-page book issued in both hardcover and softcover editions, titled “The Potts' Factor Versus Murphy's Law,” he tells in a straight-forward and yet often humorous way the travails of a life spent battling the vagaries of the famed Murphy's Law (it something can go wrong, it will at least half the time) in terms of just about every enterprise he ever undertook. From ranching to hunting wild sheep (he was one of the first hunters to score the famed grand slam of wild sheep) as well as sharing the stories of any number of mishaps from the air (he's a pilot, too) to a breathtaking encounter with death in an accident that slowed him down long enough to put his life story down on paper, Stan Potts has been a legendary figure in the state of Idaho and its great River of No Return Wilderness country for more than five decades. From his first brushes with fame (winner of the National Rodeo Finals when he was in high school to a big write-up about him and his wife, Joy, in Life magazine in 1972, Stan Potts has battled horses and wild fires, drought and calamity as well as plane crashes and unfriendly, even dangerous, wild critters such as the grizzly bear. Beyond that, his fame as a wild-country storyteller proceeded his new book. As Dr. Richard Clark says, in lauding Potts' storytelling ability, in the book's foreword: “Stan Potts has been crawling around in the hills of Idaho about as long as there have been hills of Idaho. He looks like, talks like, and smells like the hills of Idaho. He even walks like the hills of Idaho. I doubt he could make it on level ground. And there is one more thing, he loves the hills of Idaho.” “ The Potts' Factor Versus Murphy's Law” was issued in 6x9-inch format by Stoneydale Press of Stevensville, Montana. Its 25 chapters and more than a hundred photographs chronicle the highlights of Stan Potts' amazing back country life. It literally takes the reader inside one incredible adventure after another. Indeed, Stan Potts' book makes you wonder not only how one person could accomplish how much he has, especially in the face of the many adventures and misadventures in which he was able to overcome Murphy's Law and his own penchant to stack the odds against him, which he calls the “Potts' Factor.” This is a book that is one fine read. ISBN 1-931291-04-7 The Potts' Factor Versus Murphy's Law (softcover) – $23.50 ISBN 1-931291-09-8 The Potts' Factor Versus Murphy's Law (hardcover) – $28.50 Hard (+$5.00)Soft Cooking on Location Under the Biggest Sky of All What Did We Get Ourselves Into? "Hurt" Books (7) Bowhunting (4) Collectibles/Rare (6) Eastmans' Books (5) Elk (10) Lewis and Clark (9) Memoirs/Non fiction (1) Mountain Lion (2) Novels and other books (9) Religious/Devotionals (1) Sheep/Goat/Rams (4) State & School History/Geneaol (3) Notify me of updates to The Potts’ Factor Versus Murphy’s Law	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line97
__label__wiki	0.772547	0.772547	Recording: Please Please Me album Monday 11 February 1963 Studio 6 Comments Studio Two, EMI Studios, Abbey Road Producer: George Martin Engineer: Norman Smith On this day The Beatles recorded 10 songs of their debut album Please Please Me, at EMI’s Abbey Road Studios in London. Three sessions took place during the course of the day, with recording finishing at 10.45pm. Only two had originally been scheduled, but the third was added later on. Well, it was a very cold morning and I didn’t know any of them. I actually had to ask Norman Smith, who was the engineer, ‘Who are they? Who are who?’ so he introduced me and everything else. They were very businesslike, and they just had come down into London from the gig they had done the night before. But they were fine, just like any other group that’s coming in to record. We helped them bring all their equipment in and set it all up. Because they were rushing around the country all the time and their amplifiers maybe broke down or something like that, there were no backs on the amplifiers, you see; they were just boxes with their speakers. And as I was putting it all up, we’d look for dirt inside, but there were bits of paper lying around in there, and I picked them up. They were notes from the girls from the dance floor who threw them up on the stage—they said ‘Please play this, please play that, this is my phone number.’ I guess they just read them and then threw them in the back of the amplifier, all of these bits of paper in there! Richard Langham, tape operator Prosoundnews.com The first session began at 10am. The Beatles recorded 10 takes of ‘There’s A Place’ and nine of ‘I Saw Her Standing There’, which at the time had the working title Seventeen. The first session finished at 1pm and the studio staff took a break for lunch. The Beatles, meanwhile, had other plans. We told them we were having a break but they said they would like to stay on and rehearse. So while George, Norman and I went round the corner to the Heroes Of Alma for a pie and pint they stayed, drinking milk. When we came back they’d been playing right through. We couldn’t believe it. We had never seen a group work right through their lunch break before. The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, Mark Lewisohn The second session began at 2.30pm, and finished at 6pm. The Beatles began with work on ‘A Taste Of Honey’. The best version was take five, onto which Paul McCartney double-tracked his lead vocals. This overdub was recorded in two attempts, making the final version take seven. In between recording the basic track for A Taste Of Honey and the vocal overdubs, The Beatles recorded eight takes of ‘Do You Want To Know A Secret’, with George Harrison on lead vocals. With those two songs finished, John Lennon recorded a harmonica overdub onto There’s A Place in three attempts, and handclaps were added to take one of I Saw Her Standing There. The final song to be recorded in the afternoon session was ‘Misery’, a Lennon-McCartney original which had originally been offered to Helen Shapiro. The song was recorded with the tapes running at double speed – 30 inches per second – to allow for a piano overdub to be laid down at the slower speed at a later date. This was added on 20 February by George Martin, without The Beatles being present. The third session of the day took place from 7.30-10.45pm, although it had been scheduled to finish at 10pm. The Beatles firstly taped 13 takes of ‘Hold Me Tight’, which was later reworked for their second album With The Beatles. Of this day’s attempts at Hold Me Tight, only two takes were complete run-throughs. Five were false starts, one broke down mid-way, and four of the takes were edit pieces intended to be spliced into the tape at a later date. The final version was to have been an edit of takes nine and 13, but this was never made and the tape was later destroyed. The Beatles then recorded three takes of Arthur Alexander’s ‘Anna (Go To Him)’, followed by a single recording of ‘Boys’, the latter featuring Ringo Starr simultaneously on vocals and drums. Two more cover versions came next. George Harrison sang The Cookies’ ‘Chains’, written by Goffin and King. Four takes were recorded, although take one was later decided to be the best attempt. The Beatles then performed The Shirelles’ ‘Baby It’s You’ in three takes, with Lennon on lead vocals. By this time it was around 10pm, the time EMI Studios normally closed. The Beatles, however, still had one song to record. A discussion took place in the canteen about what this should be, and several suggestions were put forward. Someone suggested they do ‘Twist And Shout’, the old Isley Brothers’ number, with John taking the lead vocal. But by this time all their throats were tired and sore – it was 12 hours since we had started working. John’s, in particular, was almost completely gone so we really had to get it right first time, The Beatles on the studio floor and us in the control room. John sucked a couple more Zubes [throat sweets], had a bit of a gargle with milk and away we went. Norman Smith, sound engineer The Beatles had been recording Twist And Shout for many months, and regularly used it as a show-stopper. And so it was on this day, with The Beatles putting all their energies into one final electrifying performance, with John Lennon singing bare-chested. The last song nearly killed me. My voice wasn’t the same for a long time after; every time I swallowed it was like sandpaper. I was always bitterly ashamed of it, because I could sing it better than that; but now it doesn’t bother me. You can hear that I’m just a frantic guy doing his best. John Lennon, 1976 Two takes of the song were recorded, but the first was selected for the Please Please Me LP. Although complete, Lennon’s vocals in the second take were too far gone for it to be usable. Everyone in the studio knew they had witnessed something truly special, and with the recordings complete The Beatles climbed the stairs to the control room to listen to the playback. Sessions never normally over-ran past 10pm. At 10.05 you’d meet half the musicians on the platform of St John’s Wood station, going home. But on this occasion after the first playback they decided they wanted to hear certain songs again. I glanced at Norman and at the clock and said, ‘Look, I have to be in at nine tomorrow morning. How will I get home?’ Brian Epstein said that he would run me home if I played the tape again. So I played the tape and he drove me back to Camden Town in his little Ford Anglia. Richard Langham Live: Empire Theatre, Sunderland Live: Astoria Ballroom, Oldham Also on this day... 2010: All You Need Is Love to be released as a Beatles Rock Band download 1970: Plastic Ono Band perform Instant Karma! on Top Of The Pops 1970: New York première of The Magic Christian 1970: Recording, mixing: I’m A Fool To Care by Ringo Starr 1968: Recording, mixing: Hey Bulldog 1966: UK single release: Woman by Peter And Gordon 1965: Ringo Starr marries Maureen Cox 1964: Live: Washington Coliseum, Washington, DC 1961: Live: Cassanova Club, Liverpool 1961: Live: Lathom Hall, Liverpool Hedley Wednesday 13 July 2011 You know these recordings were done on twin-track machines with intruments sent to track 1 and vocals to track 2 (or vice-versa)? Well, were the vocals and instruments recorded at the same time with microphones sending the appropriate things to the appropriate tapes, or were the vocals and intruments recorded at completely different times on their appropriate tracks? Joe Wednesday 13 July 2011 This album was mostly recorded live, with vocals and instruments recorded at the same time, although some extra overdubs (eg double-tracked vocals, piano) were added after the basic track was complete. The Picker Saturday 30 May 2015 I’d say this could be the most important day in rock history. Richard Langham Sunday 20 September 2015 Thankyou for your comments on which. for me, was a most exciting day. The quotes I made above are quite accurate and it’s fun reliving these past days. While I was at EMI Studios, and I worked there for 30 years, I worked with some really fantastic people. Many thanks you all, Richard Langham. Joe Monday 21 September 2015 Richard, it’s an honour to have you comment on my website! Thanks for visiting. Please feel free to comment on any other part of this site with your recollections – I’m sure everyone would love to read them. Ron Sunday 16 October 2016 Anyone else hear traces of a head cold in John’s and George’s voices? Leave a Reply to The Picker Cancel reply Buy my book! Riding So High –?The Beatles and Drugs. By Magill, 1 hour ago The Beatles' songs –?complete A-Z list! The Beatles' albums?–?complete list! Riding So High –?The Beatles and Drugs All rights reserved. All images ? their respective owners. This site is not associated with The Beatles, Apple Corps Ltd, related organisations, or any members of The Beatles or their representatives. 欧美高难度牲交视频	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line100
__label__cc	0.622191	0.377809	Added on February 17, 2014 Brian West chris pratt , guardians of the galaxy , james gunn , Marvel Comics , News New Pictures From “Guardians Of The Galaxy” Have Been Released God, I can’t wait to see this movie… Those lucky devils over at USA Today scored an interview with star Chris Pratt(Star-Lord) and director James Gunn, where they dished out a little more detailed synopsis of Guardians of the Galaxy, and showed off three new stills from the movie. They also shared the details of when and where to get our first look at the much anticipated debut trailer. The trailer is set to launch into theaters this weekend, but if that’s too long to wait, Chris Pratt will be introducing a sneak peek look at it Tuesday night on the Jimmy Kimmel show, which airs at 11:35 on ABC. Also rest assured that if the trailer leaks before then, we will have it posted faster than you can say talking raccoon. Check out the photo’s and let us know if you are as stoked to see this as the WPR staff is. And if you’re not, we’d be more than happy to try and understand why you hate fun…..I mean seriously, there is a gun toting, talking raccoon in this movie. If that doesn’t have awesome written all over it, then I don’t know what does. The movie teams five disparate personalities: Peter Quill (Pratt), aka Star-Lord, was taken from Earth as a 9-year-old, possesses a mysterious orb artifact and pilots the Milano, a muscle car of a spaceship. Gamora (Zoe Saldana) is connected to Thanos, arguably the cosmos’ biggest baddie. Drax the Destroyer (Dave Bautista) is a muscular dude you don’t want to upset. And then there are the aliens Rocket Raccoon and Groot (computer-generated characters voiced by Bradley Cooper and Vin Diesel, respectively), who are best pals and potentially the biggest things to happen to pop culture since Chewbacca. Their stories converge in the space prison Kyln. After the characters break out, they venture to Knowhere (the severed head of a celestial being that serves as a hangout for aliens) and visit the weird menagerie of the Collector (Benicio Del Toro). They also have to avoid two villains, Ronan (Lee Pace) and Nebula (Karen Gillan), who are in hot pursuit of Quill’s orb, which has the power to destroy the galaxy. Guardians of the Galaxy opens August 1st, which is not soon enough by Brian West I am the last son of a dead planet, sent to Earth to save it from the evil forces that conspire to rule it. Using my super strength, lightning speed, power ring, indestructible shield, gadget belt, iron suit, powers of flight, and most importantly, my epic awesomeness, I continue my never-ending fight to protect those who can not help themselves...I'm starting to think maybe I've read one too many comics. Top Ten Things We’ll Miss About G4 Super Mario All-Stars Limited Edition Coming to the US Operation S.I.N. #2 Delves Deeper Into The Mindset Of The Cold War The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug – New Trailer Out! GIANT-SIZE PODCAST: Episode VIII, “Beer, Chips, Mormons, and Tube-Goo”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line104
__label__wiki	0.780638	0.780638	Apple strikes content deal for Spielberg’s Amazing Stories Apple has signed a content deal with Steven Spielberg to revive the Amazing Stories series, reported The Wall Street Journal. The deal marks Apple's first step in producing original content for its platforms. Each episode of the series will cost $5 million, and Bryan Fuller will write the script, according to Deadline. Apple is reportedly negotiating to secure additional original TV shows and movies, and has invested over $1 billion into its online programming. Now read: Apple TV 4K vs Amazon Fire TV see source	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line106
__label__cc	0.718529	0.281471	Vatican's Interfaith Dialogue The first session of Catholic-Muslim Forum ended in Vatican today. I tried to search and find out who the Sunni and Shi'ite religious leaders from the Muslim side who attended the forum were but I couldn't find any names. If there were any Islamic Republic affiliated Shiite clerics there, it would have been most hypocritical. Apparently a joint declaration has been signed at the end of the three days calling for religious minorities to be "entitled to their own places of worship, and they should not be subjected to any form of mockery or ridicule," I wonder how long it will take, if ever, for the Islamic Republic to respect dissident Shi'ite clerics who are calling for separation of religion and state, like Ayatollah Boroujerdi,let alone to respect followers of other religions. How can a Shiite state who imprisons and tortures a Shiite cleric ever respect other faiths and their followers? Talking of Ayatollah Boroujerdi, I understand he has written many letters to the Pope and other prominent men of cloth, but when will these people ever respond to the plight of a man and his followers who have done nothing wrong other than wish for religion to be a private matter away from political manipulation and schemes?? Posted by Azarmehr at 1:55 PM michael gonyea said... Seyyed Hossein Nasr of Iran, a professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University, said that both Christians and Muslims “believe in religious freedom”. However, he said, “We Muslims do not allow an aggressive proselytising in our midst that would destroy our faith in the name of freedom, any more than would Christians if they were in our situation.” Another such forum will be held in a Muslim country, yet to be designated, in 2010. afp Azarmehr said... Seyyed Hossein Nasr was there??? Idiots, don't they realise this turncoat is an agent of the Islamic Republic?? No wonder nothing was mentioned about Ayatolah Boroujerdi. Seyyed Hosein Nasr who trained so many of the founders of the Islamic Republic must have made sure of that! Dear mr.azarmehr you are %100 right. we hope ayatullah kazemini boroujerdi set free asa possible our world could do with perfect holy man like him.soon or late true will come to light. I do not know if a current resident of Iran attended the catholic-muslim forum. From what I can tell the list of attendees has not been made public. I thought you might be interested to know that the New York Times reported that two Saudis were scheduled to attend but had to cancel at the last minute for health reasons. I'm not familiar with Ayatolah Boroujerdi, but I will try to read more about him. You can start searching on my blog for Ayatollah Boroujerdi who advocates separation of religion and state. thank you dear.i searched about interfaith dilouge in new york but could not find any site speak about it. i need your help .thanks. for more information about Ayatollah Boroujerdi you can search follow this site: bameazadi-english.blogspot.com Do you remember when I first told you about the Ruhaniyan that were advocating separation of church and state. And these Ruhaniyan are actual maraja. You said you would have nothing to do with them since they were religious. Why do you care all the sudden? Baroujerdi is a joke compared to Kadivar, Soroush, and Shabestari. Baroujerdi obviously has political ambitions. In fact, its the writings of people like Kadivar and co. that have given him the tenacity and intellectual basis to do what he's doing. Barmakid, Well I certainly can not become a representative of Ayatollah Boroujerdi either. The Ayatollah needs a religious person to represent him and not me, but why should I not write about him, bring him up and highlight his suffering? I think you are a joke if you think Soroush and Kadivar can be put in the same category as Boroujerdi. For Ayatollah Boroujerid nor his father, never co-operated with the Islamic Republic , he has never been part of the regime. Soroush on the other hand will always be etched in my memory as one of the architects of the "Cultural Revolution" and my last days in Iran. I will always be proud that in those three days of the "Cultural" assault on Iran's universities by illiterate thugs, I stood by some of the best sons and daughters of Iran. When I finally ran back home that night, I could still hear the shooting and the noise of those who braved on till the end until the early hours of the morning. I still to this day feel guilty that I did not have the courage and ran away from the scene when the going got too tough. I will never forget how those best sons and daughters of Iran, our country's future suffered from that cultural revolution and I will therefore have nothing to do with any of the architects of those black days. What Boroujerdi has suffered at the hands of the Islamic Republic is beyond mention and probably beyond your imagination. If you think Soroush and Kadivar have more support than Boroujerdi show me the evidence. Show me a clip where more than 100,000 people have flocked to hear them. I never said that they have more support; they don't. But we already established in another thread that the degree of support isn't necessarily a good thing (remember: Hitler, etc.) These guys aren't politically active. I understand your opinion about Soroush, but you must understand that I'm not that intimately familiar (as you are) with where these people stood during the revolution since I wasn't alive. Really, I've just read their literary works. In fact, I was at a mamoni with Soroush a few months ago and we got into a very heated debate. First of all, I had no idea it was soroush, second, I had no idea about Soroush's role in the revolution. Among the other people there arguing (maybe you can tell me if they were significant): Dr. Arash Naraghi, Dr. Mahmoud Sadri...and some others. All I know is that they wrote for Kiyan, the newspaper. And if I could say, I held my own very well:))) Although, I was becoming frustrated with some of their pomp. Anyways, my point is that Baroujerdi has political motives, he's a cleric, and he has a mass following. Enough said. Hmm! And why were you invited to a mehmooni with these people?? Well, it was during muharram and my buddy (who's my age) invited me to his house because he knows how politically oriented I am. His family runs the bonyad-e islami va farhangi in Houston and were having these guys over after prayers and what not. So I went. And might I say, we had some very crucial debates. I am still in touch with the other two, but not Soroush. In fact I can send you a great piece written by Dr. Sadri, entitled: A Sacral Defense of Secularism - The political philosophies of Soroush, Kadivar, and Shabestari. Let me know. religions suck shut up kido Why is Jim Muir Back in Tehran? Another Embarassing Iranian Millionaire, Farhad Ha... Tenth Anniversary of Forouhars Baby P As If We Will Hand in the Presidency on a Plate Will Obama Stand up for Esha Momeni? The Killers Suffered the Most Ayatollah Khorasani: Sunnis are Kaffir! Democracy Wins in US Kordan's Boasts of His Time at Oxford University Iranian Cleric: People Loath the Clerics	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line112
__label__wiki	0.768423	0.768423	Year-on-year sales joy for Scots quintet FIVE newspapers in Scotland have seen their average sale in Scotland increase compared to 12 months’ previously. Says the Audit Bureau of Circulation, the Sunday Herald, Independent on Sunday, Scottish Sunday Mirror, The Independent and the Scottish Daily Express each enjoyed year-on-year increases between January last year and last month: by one per cent, three per cent, six per cent, five per cent and two per cent, respectively. An earlier report had the Scottish Daily Mail enjoying an 18 per cent year-on-year sales-in-Scotland increase, but it has since been announced it was an incorrect figure, with a revised one to be issued later today. Of the five, the Sunday Herald increase coincided with the launch of a new look – as a single-section, magazine-style newspaper – on January 9, plus, the following week, a giveaway CD, to coincide with the Celtic Connections music festival in Glasgow. Across all the titles, the sales figures read: Scottish Daily Mirror (24,197 in January 2011 versus 25,459 in January 2010, down 1262 or 4.9 per cent), Daily Record (294,009 versus 309,846, down 15,837 or 5.1 per cent), Daily Star of Scotland (70,603 versus 79,697, down 9,094 or 11.4 per cent), Scottish Sun (340,666 versus 351,869, down 11,203 or 3.1 per cent), and Scottish Daily Express (68,303 versus 67,199, up 1,104 or 1.6 per cent). Scottish Daily Mail (N/a versus 115,592 n/a or n/a per cent), Daily Telegraph (20,816 versus 21,297, down 481 or 2.2 per cent), Financial Times (3,925 versus 4,133, down 208 or five per cent), The Herald (51,935 versus 55,778, down 3,843 or 6.8 per cent), The Guardian (14,135 versus 14,422, down 287 or 1.9 per cent), and The Independent (7,769 versus 7,409, up 360 or 4.8 per cent). The Scotsman (42,431 versus 45,687, down 3,256 or 7.1 per cent), The Times (20,906 versus 24,051, down 3,145 or 13 per cent), Daily Star of Scotland – Sunday (25,694 versus 28,437, down 2,743 or 9.6 per cent), Scottish News of the World (259,046 versus 280,252, down 21,206 or 7.5 per cent), and Sunday Mail (352,232 versus 378,321, down 26,089 or 6.8 per cent). Scottish Sunday Mirror (23,172 versus 21,788, up 1,384 or 6.3 per cent), The People (13,166 versus 13,765, down 599 or 4.3 per cent), Scottish Sunday Express (34,956 versus 37,061, down 2.105 or 5.6 per cent), Sunday Post (222,868 versus 234,522, down 11,654 or 4.9 per cent), and Scottish Mail on Sunday (n/a versus 102,690, n/a or n/a per cent). Independent on Sunday (6,077 versus 5,926, up 151 or 2.5 per cent), The Observer (18,290 versus 19,087, down 797 or 4.1 per cent), Scotland on Sunday (53,808 versus 57,551, down 3,743 or 6.5 per cent) and Sunday Herald (42,924 versus 42,500, up 424 or 0.9 per cent). Sunday Telegraph (17,545 versus 18,386, down 841 or 4.5 per cent) and Sunday Times Scotland (58,813 versus 65,567, down 6,754 or 10.3 per cent). The figures were published on Friday. By Administrator · February 14, 2011 · Comments Off « i newspaper to be available Scotland-wide	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line116
__label__cc	0.668428	0.331572	"The Prowler (aka Rosemary's Killer) (1981/Blu-ray/Blue Underground)" Review Review: If you are keen to horror then you already know about the boom of slasher flicks in the 80's and how they really helped to define that era of horror. Many icons came out of that genre and still are remembered by many today. With being said there a some that never quite got the recognition that they should of during the time of release due to be overshadowed by another flick. The Prowler was one of those slashers that got overlooked due to the release of My Bloody Valentine, but has in ways gained a fan base over the years. In alot of ways the plots of those two films can be quite similar, but does one stand out better tan the other? Read on to see what I think. The Prowler starts off by showing soldiers returning from war then it cuts to a letter that is for an unknown person that is written by a girl named Rosemary who is breaking up with that person. After that Rosemary and her new boyfriend are killed outside at a dance. Cut to 30 years later and the town has decided to finally have another dance after all these years. Like you would suspect the masked killer in military clothing is back and ready to resume their killing spree. Can the local officer and a young girl named Pam stop the masked killer before he leaves everyone dead. The Prowler does follow a pretty basic slasher plot that consists of teens being killed and Pam being chased around by the killer. Even with a standard plot like that I still found this film to be quite enjoyable and I think the main reason for that is the special effects and kills. This film actually has one of my favorite all time kills to be in a slasher and that is when early on in the film the killer comes up behind this guy sitting on a bed disrobing when he gets grabbed around the neck and a knife is jammed through the top of his head. When they show it and his eyes are all white it simply looks amazingly brutal. The rest of the kills and makeup effects are amazing as well and are some of the best done by Tom Savini. Now I will not give off who the killer is of course but I will say that some of you may be able to figure it out before the reveal. Trust me that little statement is not going to ruin anything. The cast was great in The Prowler as well and the two main characters besides the killer were played by Vicky Dawson (Pam) who only went on to doa few TV shows and TV movies sadly, and you have Christopher Goutman (Officer Mark London) who didn't do much more acting afterwards but did go on to be the executive producer of the soap opera As The World Turns from 1999 to 2010. For the most part the rest of the cast was just there to get killed of help the story along in their own way. Overall this is a great slasher film and Blue Underground did a great job at bring this film to Blu-ray as well as DVD. The picture is clean and the audio is sharp without compromising the grain or look of The Prowler. If you do not already own this film I suggest you go pick this one up and if you only own the DVD this one is truly worth the upgrade! -Daniel "Damnation" Lee Director: Joseph Zito Genre: Horror/Slasher Blu-ray Release Year: 2010 Theatrical Release Year:1981 Time Length: 89 mins. Company: Blue Underground Website: www.blue-underground.com Extra Screenshots:	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line119
__label__cc	0.745905	0.254095	ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΤΙΚΟ ΚΕΝΤΡΟ Κατέβασμα Αρχείων Νομοθεσία - Οδηγίες Ερευνητικά Έργα Σχετικοί Φορείς Terms of use - Privacy policy - Personal data Protection For the purposes of the following Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, The ‘Institution’ is the ‘Center for Security Studies’ (‘KE.ME.A.’), which is a legal person governed by private law, a scientific, consulting and research body established by the provisions of Law 3387/2005 (Government Gazette A' 224) and is supervised by the Minister of Citizen Protection. The ‘Website’ is the http://www.ciprotection.gr website, as it was designed for the purposes of the «Targeted actions for enhancing the protection of national characterized European critical infrastructure» project. The “Data Subject” is every identified or identifiable natural person. The Website http://www.ciprotection.gr is owned by the Center for Security Studies. 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In particular, the data subject is entitled to: request access to personal data stored by the Institution for him/her, request the correction and / or deletion of his or her personal data, request that the processing of his or her personal data is restricted/limited or to disagree with such processing, withdraw his / her consent to the processing of his or her personal data (in cases where the Institution processes his / her personal data on the basis of his or her consent); by sending e-mail to Αυτή η διεύθυνση ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου προστατεύεται από τους αυτοματισμούς αποστολέων ανεπιθύμητων μηνυμάτων. Χρειάζεται να ενεργοποιήσετε τη JavaScript για να μπορέσετε να τη δείτε., submit a complaint before the Hellenic Data Protection Authority in case of violation of his / her rights, or in the event of an unauthorized processing of his or her personal data. In order to exercise his / her rights, the data subject may contact the Institution at the following e-mail address: Αυτή η διεύθυνση ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου προστατεύεται από τους αυτοματισμούς αποστολέων ανεπιθύμητων μηνυμάτων. Χρειάζεται να ενεργοποιήσετε τη JavaScript για να μπορέσετε να τη δείτε. Contact the Data Protection Officer (DPO) at the following email address: Αυτή η διεύθυνση ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου προστατεύεται από τους αυτοματισμούς αποστολέων ανεπιθύμητων μηνυμάτων. Χρειάζεται να ενεργοποιήσετε τη JavaScript για να μπορέσετε να τη δείτε. Δράση συγχρηματοδοτούμενη σε ποσοστό 75% από κοινοτικούς πόρους και 25% από Εθνικούς πόρους που θα βαρύνει τις πιστώσεις του υπ’ αριθ. 2016ΣΕ05020013 Έργου της ΣΑΕ 050/2 με τίτλο «Στοχευμένες Δράσεις για την Αύξηση της Προστασίας των Εθνικά Χαρακτηρισμένων Ευρωπαϊκών Υποδομών Ζωτικής Σημασίας» © 2018 CIP \| All Rights Reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line120
__label__wiki	0.548376	0.548376	Southern Nazarene University is located in Bethany, Oklahoma and is a private college. Southern Nazarene University is a four year college and offers Associate's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, Master's Degrees, and a number of different programs and courses. Southern Nazarene University is in a relatively urban area (in or near a city), which may be something you prefer if you like a city lifestyle as a student. Southern Nazarene University does not have a rolling admission policy, and you will want to make sure that you get your application in before August 1. Southern Nazarene University is relatively smaller in size with an enrollment of only 2,218 students. Southern Nazarene University accepts about 100% of its applicants on average, and 80% of the students receive some sort of financial aid for college at Southern Nazarene University. If you are looking for more information on financial aid at Southern Nazarene University, you can may want to contact Diana Lee, who is the Director of Student Financial Aid at Southern Nazarene University. You may also qualify for scholarships for college in Oklahoma to attend Southern Nazarene University or grants for college in Oklahoma to attend Southern Nazarene University. You may also need to take one or more of the following tests to qualify for admission at Southern Nazarene University: If you are interested in joining the Army ROTC, Southern Nazarene University does have an ROTC Army program that is available for attending students. If you are interested in joining the Air Force ROTC, Southern Nazarene University does have an ROTC Air Force program that is available for attending students. If you have taken some advanced placement courses with an applicable test, or obtained credit from an other college, you may be eligible to transfer that credit to Southern Nazarene University. Southern Nazarene University offers the following co-op opportunities and programs to its students: Southern Nazarene University offers the following extracurricular activities to its students: You may want to brush up on your ACT preparation as well, because the average ACT score for students that are entering Southern Nazarene University is 23. Do a lot of students come from out of state to attend Southern Nazarene University? Well, about 55% of the student body at Southern Nazarene University comes from outside the state of Oklahoma. Do a lot of the students at Southern Nazarene University live on campus? Well, about 85% live on campus, while 15% live off campus and commute to school every day. QUICK FACTS ABOUT SOUTHERN NAZARENE UNIVERSITY Southern Nazarene University Address: 6729 NW 39th Expressway Bethany, Oklahoma 73008 Web Site: http://www.snu.edu Southern Nazarene University admission closing date: Does Southern Nazarene University offer Associate's degrees? Does Southern Nazarene University offer Bachelor's degrees? Does Southern Nazarene University offer Master's degrees? Does Southern Nazarene University offer Doctoral degrees? Southern Nazarene University graduation rate: Southern Nazarene University retention rate: Southern Nazarene University average ACT score: Southern Nazarene University tuition cost (estimate): Southern Nazarene University room & board cost (estimate): Is Southern Nazarene University a private college? Is Southern Nazarene University a coed college? Southern Nazarene University school calendar: Is Southern Nazarene University a 2 year or 4 year college? Southern Nazarene University enrollment: Percentage of applicants accepted to Southern Nazarene University Percentage of students at Southern Nazarene University receiving financial aid: Percentage of students living on campus: Percentage of students living off campus:	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line122
__label__cc	0.565964	0.434036	foxwoods casino connecticut http://dldtelaw.com/tropicana-casino-careers/ blackjack online apk downloader chrome addon DENNIS R. V. EALA Posts Tagged ‘RE laws’ Green Energy Option 0 CommentsThursday • October 27, 2011 • by RBDime Interested players listen intently during the launch of the NREP As we speak, the Philippine Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) is busy hearing the application for the Feed-in-Tariff. On the (far?) horizon for Renewables is another mechanism called the “Green Energy Option” mandated under Section 9 of the Renewable Energy Law (RA 9513), to wit: “Section 9. Green Energy Option. – The DOE shall establish a Green Energy Option program which provides end-users the option to choose RE resources as their sources of energy. In consultation with the NREB, the DOE shall promulgate the appropriate implementing rules and regulations which are necessary, incidental or convenient to achieve the objectives set forth herein. Upon the determination of the DOE of its technical viability and consistent with the requirements of the green energy option program, end users may directly contract from RE facilities their energy requirements distributed through their respective distribution utilities. Consistent herewith, TRANSCO or its successors-in-interest, DUs, PEMC and all relevant parties are hereby mandated to provide the mechanisms for the physical connection and commercial arrangements necessary to ensure the success of the Green Energy Option. The end-user who will enroll under the energy option program should be informed by way of its monthly electric bill, how much of its monthly energy consumption and generation charge is provided by RE facilities.” Insofar as it allows end-users to “directly contract from RE facilities their energy requirements distributed through their respective distribution utilities,” the Green Energy Option (GEO) is similar to the concept of “open access under Section 31 of the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (RA 9316), thus: “SEC. 31. Retail Competition and Open Access. – Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, retail competition and open access on distribution wires shall be implemented not later than three (3) years upon the effectivity of this Act, subject to the following conditions: “(a) Establishment of the wholesale electricity spot market; “(b) Approval of unbundled transmission and distribution wheeling charges; “(c) Initial implementation of the cross subsidy removal scheme; “(d) Privatization of at least seventy (70%) percent of the total capacity of generating assets of NPC in Luzon and Visayas; and “(e) Transfer of the management and control of at least seventy percent (70%) of the total energy output of power plants under contract with NPC to the IPP Administrators. “Upon the initial implementation of open access, the ERC shall allow all electricity end-users with a monthly average peak demand of at least one megawatt (1MW) for the preceding twelve (12) months to be the contestable market. Two (2) years thereafter, the threshold level for the contestable market shall be reduced to seven hundred fifty kilowatts (750kW). At this level, aggregators shall be allowed to supply electricity to end-users whose aggregate demand within a contiguous area is at least seven hundred fifty kilowatts (750kW). Subsequently and every year thereafter, the ERC shall evaluate the performance of the market. On the basis of such evaluation, it shall gradually reduce threshold level until it reaches the household demand level. In the case of electric cooperatives, retail competition and open access shall be implemented not earlier than five (5) years upon the effectivity of this Act.” The initial impression seems to be that the GEO may have the effect of partially superseding the conditions prescribed for open access under the EPIRA. The question therefore, is whether the Renewable Energy Law authorizes the implementation of the Green Energy Option Program (GEOP) even if all the conditions of open access are in effect. Unfortunately, it does not seem that an answer is immediately forthcoming given the status of the implementation of the RE Law and the rate the current deliberations for the more important incentives are going. Nonetheless, our firm has rendered an opinion that official debates before the members of the Lower House and the Senate strongly suggest that the GEOP was intended to be implemented even prior to open access and hence, regardless of whether the conditions for open access are met. A contrary interpretation would also mean that the GEOP should be “synchronized” with open access. However, implementing the GEOP at the same time that open access is declared and under the same parameters or limits would have the effect of making the green energy option legally indistinguishable from open access. In other words, when open access is declared, end users which fall within the open access demand thresholds would already have the right to directly contract with RE facilities whether or not a GEOP is in place. This interpretation would render Section 9, Chapter III of RA 9513 a surplusage which is generally not favored under certain deeply entrenched rules of statutory construction. While that may be the case “strictly speaking,” a way out for the NREB could be the same Section 9 of the RE law which provides that the right of end users to “directly contract” their energy requirements with RE facilities is conditioned on the determination by the Department of Energy of its “technical viability.” This would imply that the DOE has the authority to limit or restrict the GEO for reasons of technical viability. © DLDTE Law - Copyright 2011	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line124
__label__wiki	0.63133	0.63133	Pressurised tank explosion in a glasshouse; 1 man dies and 3 injured A horticultural company has been fined after a worker died and three others were seriously injured in an explosion while emptying a pressurised tank used to heat greenhouses. One man died of head injuries six days after the incident. Two of his workmates had been asked to open the tank in preparation for upgrading work at a nursery at Bradon Farm, near Taunton. The incident was investigated by the HSE, which prosecuted Cantelo Nurseries Ltd, at Taunton Crown Court. The court heard that two workers were asked to unbolt a hatch cover from a pressure vessel while there was still pressure in the system. This caused a devastating release of pressure that sent the hatch cover flying across the room followed by a large jet of water that swept everyone off their feet. In addition to the mans fatal injuries, the three other men standing nearby suffered severe injuries. One worker was unconscious for two weeks following the incident and remained in hospital for many months after suffering injuries to his head and skull, and damage to his forearm, requiring three operations and a skin graft. The horticultural manager, suffered serious trauma to his head including a broken jaw, heavy bruising to his face, damage to his teeth, a cut across the nose, black eyes and a two-inch deep cut to his lip. The third man a Horticultural technician also suffered a fractured arm. HSE’s investigation found that the work was not properly planned, that workers had not been properly trained or supervised, and that at least one of them spoke very little English, which made it difficult to understand instructions. This is a problem that we have seen with many employers over recent years with employers not considering language or cultural barriers properly in their training and risk assessments. Additionally we have to ask who is providing the supervision because often it’s someone with language skills rather than any knowledge of health & safety. In fact we have had to suggest to a client operating in a similar environment to this case that their supervisors should be trained to the IOSH Managing Safely standard as this provides a good grounding for supervisors in health & safety management. In this case the court was told the hatch should not have been removed until all the pressure had been safely released from the system. Cantelo Nurseries Ltd pleaded guilty to two breaches of health and safety legislation and was fined a total of £80,000 and ordered to pay £59,812 in costs. The HSE Inspector on this case commented that “This tragic incident has cost one man his life and changed the lives of many other people forever. There were simple, sensible and proportionate steps, such as releasing the pressure in the tanks, which could – and should – have been taken to do the work safely. All that was needed was a little thought beforehand to ensure that the work was properly planned, carried out by competent people and supervised. Had this been done, this tragedy could have been avoided. ”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line125
__label__cc	0.599729	0.400271	“Letting the Jerks Get to You” Isn’t Really the Problem Posted on April 22, 2014 by Michi Trota — 2 Comments ↓ It’s no secret that being a woman in geek culture often means you’ve got a long row to hoe uphill, particularly if you want to become a game designer, comic book writer/artist, SF/F author and so on. You can’t help but develop a “thick skin” moving through those spaces – eventually you’re so used to it that you can hardly remember what it was like when your skin was soft. You start making distinctions like “Oh it wasn’t that bad, he just said something about the size of my breasts but at least he didn’t touch me,” or “Today’s comments are nasty, but at least no one’s threatened to rape me today (yet).” The amount of ambient misogyny that women have to acclimate themselves to in order to navigate everyday life, much less the specific subcultures, communities and professions we’re a part of (or are trying to become a part of) is staggering. So when an ostensible “ally” like Brian Michael Bendis says something like this, I tend to get a bit grumpy: To reiterate, a person on Tumblr asks Bendis: “Regarding the conversation about hostility towards women in comics — It appears to me that things are changing for the better, no? In the past few years, more and more amazingly talented female creators have been coming in to the industry (Sara Pichelli, Gail Simone, Becky Cloonan, Kelly Sue, G Willow, Ming Doyle…), changing the status quo of comics and thus the opinions of fans. Sure, theres some resistance from the dummies, but aren’t things VASTLY improving??” Leaving aside for the moment how it’s both laughable and depressing that once again, it’s the opinion of men in the comics industry that’s solicited in determining whether or not things are “vastly improving” for women dealing with sexism and misogyny, rather than the women who are actually dealing with it and therefore might have a rather different perspective and metric for determining what “vastly improving” actually means, let’s look at Bendis’ answer: “I get a lot of crap for being Mr. positive from people who are having a hard time seeing the cup half-full but I completely agree with you. I think things are vastly better than they were and that only makes the shitheads stand out even more. Things are not perfect, all of society’s problems are not solved, but I do think the good guys are winning.“ Ah yes, because it’s terribly hard having your optimistic bubble popped by people who might be dealing more directly with the fact that their cup looks very much to them like it’s not only half-empty, the water is fracking-contaminated as well. It’s rather easier to think that the water’s getting cleaner when you’re not the one who is actually having to drink it, isn’t it? Don’t get me wrong, I do think things for women in comics are improving and “the good guys are winning.” Our voices are getting louder, we’re becoming more visible, and having more of an effect on the industry in general and this is in part why the poo-flinging from the regressive chuckleheads is getting more vehement. However, it’s a victory that’s happening in halting, frustratingly slow increments. Yes, harassers and barriers to entry are being called out more frequently and with less tolerance for excuses, and it may look like it’s getting worse when it’s more likely that what we’re seeing is a more accurate reflection of the industry because those problems aren’t being ignored as much anymore. But harassment is still an issue, and those barriers to entry are still there, to the point where we’re still spending a hell of a lot of time and energy arguing to convince people that they even exist. “the only thing that is really bothering me about all of this is that there are some people who are letting the idiots get the best of them and are turning away from the medium that I love so much and has so much to offer all of us. I hope they reconsider.” Let’s try that last bit again, but with a bit of creative rewording: But you know what really bothers me about all this is that there are still some people who are telling women that they’re not trying hard enough to ignore the assholes and are letting themselves be turned away from a medium that they love and has so much to offer. I hope they reconsider how their words aren’t actually helping. Look, I get it. Bendis loves comics and is frustrated with seeing how the sort of sexist bullshittery that women have thrown at them on a regular basis is causing people, particularly women and other minorities, to look at the comics industry and decide “No thanks.” This frustrates the hell out of me, too, because I’ve been a comics fan for 20 years and it’s vitally important for there to be a greater diversity of voices creating and consuming comics. We need those stories and those differing perspectives, not just to keep the art form moving forward or because stories help us find our places in the world, but so the industry itself can survive because it has a wide and strong consumer base and a constant stream of new talent coming in, as well. But telling women in effect that “they’re letting the idiots get the best of them” as if the onus is on women to buck up and not let themselves be chased out, rather than on the assholes doing their damndest to push women out and keep them out to fucking quit it, is the opposite of helping. Women have to fight every day not to let sexism and misogyny “get the best of them” because it isn’t coming from just the loud assholes – it also comes from our friends, our family, even ourselves because so much of it is a normal part of our everyday experiences. It’s exhausting and demoralizing and we’re already kicking ourselves for feeling like we’re not trying hard enough to succeed, not speaking up enough, and not being tough enough when we’re on the verge of breaking down and admitting that we just can’t do it anymore because we keep trying and it never seems to fucking stop. We can’t ever walk away from dealing with sexism and misogyny because it permeates everything, but sometimes all we can do is walk away from specific professions or communities, even if we love them, because no one should have to be this tough all the time and it’s what we have to do to protect ourselves. If more women and other marginalized people are going to decide to stick around, keep creating comics and not be chased away from what is a fantastic medium, we need to do the work to make that industry more welcoming and safe for them by making it inhospitable for the assholes. Until that happens, you cannot blame those who are being subjected to this sort of bullshit for not wanting to stay and fight or even step foot into comics because why the hell would anyone want to subject themselves to the crap we’ve seen flung at people like Janelle Asselin (and Gail Simone, and Rachel Edidin, and practically every other woman who expresses a critical opinion on anything)? Yes, it’s important to encourage women and other minorities to explore comics as a profession, and as a fandom which they can grow to love. We need allies to make comics (and geek culture in general) safer and more welcoming to more than just straight white cis men, and we can’t do this alone. Male privilege means that men’s voices will carry where women’s will not, and as much as I hate that, it means that it’s extremely important for men to keep speaking in support of women. So please, speak up and tell women that they’re not alone, that you will support them against the misogynistic jerks and work to make the industry a more welcoming, inclusive place for anyone who loves comics, regardless of their gender (or race, or sexual orientation, etc.). Please, call out the misogynistic jerks and tell them that their hateful, narrow-minded views are neither needed nor wanted, and that they should shut up and get the hell out of the way. Just please, stop telling women that they just need to be tougher and ignore the jerks, because while those jerks may be a loud minority, they’re a loud minority backed up by societal power and pre-existing structures. Continuing to push the notion that women need to toughen up ignores the facts that: 1) women and other minorities do not have the same power/access to resources and are already starting from a serious disadvantage; 2) the systemic and deliberate barriers that exist, so there’s a desperate need for the industries to address those inequalities and be more supportive and welcoming to minorities; and 3) it is inherently fucked up that women and other minorities should expect harassment, threats and being treated like their work is wanting just by virtue of not being straight white cis men, so they shouldn’t let it bother them because “it’s just a few jerks.” It’s still ultimately blaming women for not trying or not being “strong” enough to ignore the assholes who are threatening to rape them for criticizing a piece of comic book cover art. We grow up being told from day one that it’s our responsibility to “be strong and tough” because the world is sexist and not a friendly place for women – and we’re often found wanting. We don’t need to hear it from those who are supposedly supporting us. In short: Want more women and other marginalized people to stay and/or consider comics as their profession? Keep doing the work to make sure this bullshit isn’t tolerated or excused, focus criticism on those who are being harassing assholes, and quit implying that for women who want to be a part of the comics world, it’s as simple as “not letting the idiots get the best of them.” UPDATE 4/23/14: A recent study was released that points to how normalized sexism and misogyny is in our culture, and how many women end up looking at instances of harassment: According to sociologist Heather Hlavka, many of the young people she interviewed viewed these incidents as a normal part of life. One interview subject told researchers, “They grab you, touch your butt and try to, like, touch you in the front, and run away, but it’s okay, I mean … I never think it’s a big thing because they do it to everyone.” According to a release on the report, there are several of the reasons why young women do not come forward about the abuse they experience, including a belief that men “can’t help it” and a fear of being labeled a “whore” It’s a sobering if unsurprising read – quite often, when women finally do say something about the harassment, sexism or misogyny we experience, it’s because that instance is the final straw on top of a mountain of bullshit we’ve spent a lifetime trying to ignore because we’re told “It’s not that big of a deal” or “You don’t want to be THAT woman.” This entry was posted in Comics, Culture and tagged allies, Brian Michael Bendis, comics, male privilege, misogyny, not helping, sexism by Michi Trota. Bookmark the permalink. 2 Replies to ““Letting the Jerks Get to You” Isn’t Really the Problem” Pingback: Links: 04/25/14 — The Radish. Pingback: Winter might be here linkspam (June 2014)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line128
__label__wiki	0.816392	0.816392	Étiquette : Diane Abbott Pour Corbyn, le défi de l’équilibrisme dans le cabinet fantôme 14 septembre 2015 Silvere Leave a comment A la suite de son élection triomphale samedi 12 septembre, tout commence pour Jeremy Corbyn et son équipe. Après une apparition forte en symbole dans la manifestation de soutien à l’accueil de réfugiés au Royaume-Uni, 3 heures à peine après sa désignation, c’est la constitution de son shadow cabinet, le cabinet fantôme (contre gouvernement) comme le veut le système de Westminster, qui est passée […] Category: Labour Tags: Andy Burnham, Angela Eagle, Baroness Smith of Basildon, Catherine McKinnell, Chris Bryant, Deputy leader of the Labour party, Diane Abbott, food and rural affairs, Gloria De Piero, Gordon Brown, Heidi Alexander, Hilary Benn, Ian Murray, innovation and skills, Jeremy Corbyn, John Healey, John McDonnell, Jon Trickett, Jonathan Ashworth, Kate Green, Kerry McCarthy, Lilian Greenwood, Lisa Nandy, Liz Kendall, Lord Bassam of Brighton, Lord Falconer of Thoroton, Lords chief whip, Luciana Berger, Lucy Powell, Maria Eagle, media and sport, Michael Dugher, Nia Griffith, Opposition chief whip, Owen Smith, party chair and shadow minister for the Cabinet Office, Rosie Winterton, Seema Malhotra, Shadow attorney general, Shadow chancellor of the exchequer, Shadow chief secretary to the Treasury, Shadow first secretary of state, Shadow foreign secretary, Shadow home secretary, Shadow leader of the House of Commons, Shadow leader of the House of Lords, Shadow Lord chancellor, Shadow minister for housing and planning, Shadow minister for mental health, shadow minister for the constitutional convention, Shadow minister for women and equalities, Shadow minister for young people and voter registration, Shadow minister without portfolio, shadow secretary of state for business, Shadow secretary of state for communities and local government, Shadow secretary of state for culture, Shadow secretary of state for defence, Shadow secretary of state for education, Shadow secretary of state for energy and climate change, Shadow secretary of state for environment, Shadow secretary of state for health, Shadow secretary of state for international development, shadow secretary of state for justice, Shadow secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Shadow secretary of state for Scotland, Shadow secretary of state for transport, Shadow secretary of state for Wales, Shadow secretary of state for work and pensions, Tom Watson, Vernon Coaker, Yvette Cooper	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line131
__label__cc	0.640975	0.359025	Dead Rising 2 - The Zombies are Back [Reviews] See and download the full gallery on posterous It's been awhile since the first hugely successful "use everything as weapons" to "kill hundreds of on-screen zombies at once" game, Dead Rising was released. Nearly over four years ago, gamers around the world felt what it was like to kill a zombie with a bowling ball..with a soda machine..with [insert crazy weapon here] and boy did they love it! Well, this time, the stakes have never been higher with the release of Dead Rising 2 for Xbox 360, PS3 and PC! This time around, you can create custom weapons to your liking(sort of) so it's never been easier to kill a zombie with a spiked baseball bat, or whatever else you see lying around. Great stuff! Well, I'll probably be picking up the game, but not entirely sure yet. Here are some reviews below that might help you decide, like it's going to help me decide: Game Informer (95/100): "Even after playing for dozens of hours, you'll still find new things in Dead Rising 2. I won't spoil anything, but there's a lot of variety to be found in the game beyond obvious things like the number of objects that can be used as bludgeons. This game is designed for multiple playthroughs, and I'm looking forward to each and every one of them." Read on... GameSpot (8.5/10): "The Dead Rising formula proves to be as addictive as ever, and a new cooperative mode and weapon crafting system are great additions to the franchise." Read on... IGN (8.0/10): "It’s not the smoothest game and it can feel like the last one, however that doesn’t mean a thing when the game’s this much fun. Using a car battery and a Street Fighter mask to electrocute the undead and a set of knives and a pair of boxing gloves to make Wolverine claws are all great times. Watching Chuck get covered in blood as he slays thousands of zombies, changing outfits so that one minute you’re in a toddler clothes with a LEGO head and the next you’re in a sundress, and listening to completely whacked out boss stories – that’s what I remember about Dead Rising 2. Any issue the game might have just falls to the backburner." Read on... Eurogamer (8.0/10): "But despite the low-level irritations, Dead Rising 2's focus and determination win you over. Its assured grasp of what the game is and what it isn't is worth celebrating. The harder edges of the first game have been softened a little, no doubt thanks to the involvement of a Western studio. The result is a balanced game, at once idiosyncratic, infuriating, funny and ultimately compelling. In both its story and its systems, it holds life and undeath in delicate tension; and as a result, all the loud-mouth college humour and violence fail to mask its tender heart." Read on... Kikizo (8.0/10): "Dead Rising 2 is a serviceable follow-up, and another unique addition to the ranks of zombie bashers. Its uniqueness is of the rough-and-ready variety, however, sparked by colliding clichés, and for all Fortune City’s lashings of sugar, glitter and grey matter, many will find that unevenness hard to bear. Recommended, but watch your step." Read on... Posted by Evan The Gamer at 11:38 AM 'Splosion Man - Level 2 - Hardcore Mode (Complete) Sendy Posterous App for Android	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line132
__label__wiki	0.557852	0.557852	Tag Archives: brothel Summer 2014: Alaska via the AlCan; US Border to Butte, Montana We started heading southeast from Everett and into Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and eventually climbing up to Stevens Pass. There was a ski lodge resort there that appeared to be open all year, even when there was no snow, but it had closed for the day before we arrived and took a break in their parking lots. We saw bicyclists coming up and over from the east side. I admire their stamina and determination but didn’t share their interest in bicycling the area. As we started down the east side of the pass, we were starting to see smoke from wildfires but didn’t know exactly where they were. As we exited the National Forest, we entered Leavenworth, a small Alpine town like several in the area. A tourist town, maybe winter ski area but busy as we drove through. Our friend, Pattie, told us she had stopped in one of those towns several years before and left a dollar bill which would be tacked to the wall with a note indicating Fuquay-Varina where they lived at the time. The town she visited may or may not have been Leavenworth but it was typical of the area. On new pavement, we were passed by a truck headed west and managed to catch a rock from him with our windshield. After the warnings of rocky roads and potential damage in Canada and Alaska, it was somewhat ironic that we did get the crack on fresh smooth pavement in Washington. We drove on to Wenatchee and stopped for the night in the first place we found available, Inn at the River. The smoke was now very noticeable and it was hot as it would be for the next couple of days. We crossed the river to find our lodging but it took a bit to find the river from the inn as it was on the other side of the freeway and the railroad tracks. We overheard someone at the desk talking about having to be careful in choosing route to Seattle due to the fires and the smoke. Many of the hotel guests were firefighters. Inn at the River sits across the street from Valley Mall. We went in to replenish the vitamin supply at a GNC store and then had dinner at Shari’s Restaurant and Pies. Shari’s is a chain similar in concept to Denny’s, Perkins, etc. We had eaten one in Bangor for the sub reunion as it was across the street from the hotel where we stayed there. The food was good and the pastry looked tempting but we passed. We continued east towards Spokane through miles and miles of relatively flat land given to orchard agriculture. Through much of the area, the crops were identified by signs alongside the road. It helped us see the variety of crops and helped with the “What’s that?” questions that always seem to arise as we go through farm country. We dropped down and picked up Interstate 90 into Idaho and stopped for lunch in Wallace. Wallace is in a pass with mountains on both sides with the interstate highway squeezing through. Wallace turned out to be about 4 blocks wide, all on the same side of the interstate. Wallace had been a silver mining town and the restaurant where we stopped for lunch had a gift shop with silver jewelry on display. The restaurant was pretty quiet with the hostess/waitress/cook all being the same person. There was an accordion festival scheduled for the coming weekend. Wallace also has a brothel museum but we didn’t find out about it until after we had already left. There were numerous references to bicycle races as Wallace is a major stop on several annual cross-country races. As we left town, the entrance and exit ramps overlapped each other at different elevations in order to fit it all in. We continued to Missoula, Montana where we discovered that ZZ Top was playing that night. Lodging was filled for most of the chains near town with concert-goers but we did manage to find a place for the night. In 1877, construction began on Ft. Missoula, destined to become home to the 25th Infantry Regiment, one of four companies known as the Buffalo Soldiers formed after the Civil War with Black Soldiers serving under white officers. The 25th was one of the first called into action when the Spanish American War broke out in 1898 serving bravely in the Philippines and Cuba but was reassigned to other posts after the war. During WWI and WWII, the site was used to inter Italian aliens and later Japanese persons. The site has been used for training, for prison and holding cells and was eventually decommissioned in 2001. Much of the original post’s land is under the control of the Interior and Agriculture departments as well as the Missoula County which uses it as an historical museum. The historical park includes displays of trains from the steam era as well as sawmills equipment of the type used to build the original fort. The next morning, we headed north to Dixon Montana and the National Bison Range (NBR), under the direction of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The NBR was established in 1908 as a home for the dwindling bison herds in this country. Bison are believed to have once numbered in the tens of millions but were down to about 100 by the late 1800s. Bison were found in all the states except Hawaii. Settlement and irresponsible hunting dwindled the numbers extensively so that the initial herd was in the low hundreds when the 18,000 acre reserve was established. The original herd released in 1909 was purchased by the American Bison Society and donated. This is not the only herd still found in North America (as evidenced by some of earlier parts of our travels) but this herd was established expressly for preservation. Bison herds in the Mission Valley date back to the late 1800’s when a Pend d’Oreille man of the Flathead Reservation returned home from the plains of eastern Montana with four bison calves. The herd quickly grew to 13 animals. At that point, partners Michel Pablo and Charles Allard bought the herd. The Pablo-Allard herd thrived in the Mission Valley’s open grasslands. It became one of the largest private bison herds at the time when bison were most threatened with extinction. However, when it was announced the Flathead Indian Reservation would be opened for homesteading in 1910, surviving partner Pablo began making arrangements to rid himself of his herd. The US Government declined to purchase the bison so Pablo sold them to Canada. Just after this, the American Bison Society pushed the US government to set aside land to protect and conserve the American bison. The National Bison Range was one such area. And after its establishment, the American public pitched in to provide funds to purchase bison to place on the new Refuge. The American Bison Society, under the direction of William Hornaday, solicited donations throughout the country. Over $10,000 was raised, enough to purchase 34 bison from the Conrad herd. Located in Kalispell, Montana, these bison were descended from the famous Pablo/Allard herd. To supplement this, Alicia Conrad added two of her finest animals to the effort. The Refuge also received one bison from Charles Goodnight of Texas and three from the Corbin herd in New Hampshire. These 40 animals, all donated to the Refuge and coming from private herds, form the nucleus of 300-400 bison roaming the Range today. from http://www.fws.gov/refuge/National_Bison_Range/about.html Before arriving at the visitor center, we passed under a land bridge which had been constructed over the highway. The land bridges allow animals to cross without being endangered/bothered by the traffic. We entered NBR through the visitors’ center which had much information about the bison including a display about a white bison which had been part of the herd which has since died. There was another white bison born on a bison farm in Connecticut in 2012. The white bison holds particular spiritual significance to the American Indians. The rare white bison made news coverage at the time and draws crowds to see it. We also learned the difference in antlers and horns on animals. Antlers are shed on a regular basis but horns are permanent, perhaps this is one of those things we “should” have known but it was new knowledge for us. The NBR has a dirt road that winds through and covers a range in elevation of 2600 feet above the visitor center. There is a shorter track which covers less distance and elevation for larger vehicles like buses or large RVs. We took the longer winding route and saw bison, pronghorns, mule deer and a chipmunk. The dirt and gravel road would be easily traversed in a standard sedan. After leaving the NBR, we got back onto I90 heading towards Butte, MT. Just outside the gate is a small general store and café but it wasn’t open the day we were there. Don’t forget the trip calendar we put together at CafePress. Posted in Alaska trip, Uncategorized \| Tagged accordion, Alaska, bison, brothel, Buffalo soldiers, family, Fish and Wildlife Service, friends, happy tracks, Leavenworth, Missoula, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, National Bison Range, silver mining, Stevens Pass, Wallace, Wenatchee, wildfires, ZZtop	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line136
__label__wiki	0.599158	0.599158	Title: Earth Subject: List of elevation extremes by country, Solar System/Did you know, Serer creation myth, Nature, Solar System Collection: Earth, Habitable Zone Planets, Terrestrial Planets Earth (also the world[n 1], in Greek: Γαῖα Gaia,[n 2] or in Latin: Terra[3]) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. The earliest life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago.[4][5][6] Earlier physical evidences of life include graphite, a biogenic substance, in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in southwestern Greenland,[7] as well as, "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia.[8][9] Earth's biodiversity has expanded continually except when interrupted by mass extinctions.[10] Although scholars estimate that over 99 percent of all species of life (over five billion)[11] that ever lived on Earth are extinct,[12][13] there are still an estimated 10–14 million extant species,[14][15] of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.[16] Over 7.3 billion humans[17] live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival. Earth's human population is divided among about two hundred sovereign states which interact through diplomacy, conflict, travel, trade and communication media. According to evidence from distance from the Sun, its physical properties and its geological history have allowed life to thrive and evolve. Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. Seventy-one percent of Earth's surface is covered with water,[22] with the remainder consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. Earth's polar regions are mostly covered with ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the polar ice packs. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics. Earth gravitationally interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon. During one orbit around the Sun, Earth rotates about its own axis 366.26 times, creating 365.26 solar days or one sidereal year.[n 3] Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4° away from the perpendicular of its orbital plane, producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface with a period of one tropical year (365.24 solar days).[23] The Moon is Earth's only permanent natural satellite. Its gravitational interaction with Earth causes ocean tides, stabilizes the orientation of Earth's rotational axis, and gradually slows Earth's rotational rate. Chronology 1 Formation 1.1 Geological history 1.2 Evolution of life 1.3 Predicted future 1.4 Name and etymology 2 Composition and structure 3 Shape 3.1 Chemical composition 3.2 Internal structure 3.3 Heat 3.4 Tectonic plates 3.5 Surface 3.6 Hydrosphere 3.7 Weather and climate 3.8.1 Upper atmosphere 3.8.2 Magnetic field 3.9 Magnetosphere 3.10 Orbit and rotation 4 Rotation 4.1 Orbit 4.2 Axial tilt and seasons 4.3 Habitability 5 Biosphere 5.1 Natural resources and land use 5.2 Natural and environmental hazards 5.3 Human geography 5.4 Asteroids and artificial satellites 7 Cultural and historical viewpoint 8 Artist's impression of the early Solar System's planetary disk The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to 7000456720000000000♠4.5672±0.0006 billion years ago (Gya).[24] By 7000454000000000000♠4.54±0.04 Gya[21] the primordial Earth had formed. The formation and evolution of the Solar System bodies occurred along with those of the Sun. In theory, a solar nebula partitions a volume out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten into a circumstellar disk, and then the planets grow out of that along with the Sun. A nebula contains gas, ice grains, and dust (including primordial nuclides). In nebular theory, planetesimals form by accretion. The assembly of the primordial Earth proceeded for 10–7014631152000000000♠20 Ma.[25] The process that led to the formation of the Moon approximately 4.53 billion years ago[26] is the subject of ongoing research. The working hypothesis is that it formed by accretion from material loosed from Earth after a Mars-sized object, named Theia, impacted with Earth.[27] In this scenario, the mass of Theia was 10% of that of Earth,[28] it impacted Earth with a glancing blow,[29] and some of its mass merged with Earth. Between approximately 4.1 and 7000380000000000000♠3.8 Gya, numerous asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment caused significant changes to the greater surface environment of the Moon, and by inference, to Earth. Earth's atmosphere and oceans formed by [32] A crust formed when the molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid as the accumulated water vapor began to act in the atmosphere. The two models[33] that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms[34] or, more likely, a rapid growth[35] early in Earth history[36] followed by a long-term steady continental area.[37][38][39] Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. On time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken up three times. Roughly 7016236682000000000♠750 mya (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–7016170411040000000♠540 mya, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart 7015568036800000000♠180 mya.[40] The present pattern of ice ages began about 7015126230400000000♠40 mya and then intensified during the Pleistocene about 7013946728000000000♠3 mya. High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40–7012315576000000000♠100000 years. The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.[41] Speculative phylogenetic tree of life on Earth based on rRNA analysis Highly energetic colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized Earth's surface.[45] The earliest fossil evidence for life is biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in Western Greenland[7] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia.[46][47] Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 7016183034080000000♠580 mya, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of Earth in ice. This hypothesis has been termed "Snowball Earth", and it is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms began to proliferate.[48] Following the Cambrian explosion, about 7016168833160000000♠535 mya, there have been five major mass extinctions.[49] The most recent such event was 7015208280160000000♠66 mya, when an asteroid impact triggered the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared some small animals such as mammals, which then resembled shrews. Over the past 7015208280160000000♠66 Ma, mammalian life has diversified, and several million years ago an African ape-like animal such as Orrorin tugenensis gained the ability to stand upright.[50] This facilitated tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain, which allowed the evolution of the human race. The development of agriculture, and then civilization, led to humans having an influence on Earth and the nature and quantity of other life forms as no other species ever has.[51] Predicted future Estimates on how much longer Earth will be able to continue to support life range from 500 million years (Myr), to as long as 2.3 billion years (Gyr).[52][53][54] Earth's long-term future is closely tied to that of the Sun. As a result of the steady accumulation of helium at the Sun's core, the Sun's total luminosity will slowly increase. The luminosity of the Sun will grow by 10% over the next 7016347133600000000♠1.1 Ga and by 40% over the next 7017110451600000000♠3.5 Ga.[55] Climate models indicate that the rise in radiation reaching Earth is likely to have dire consequences, including the loss of the oceans.[56] Earth's increasing surface temperature will accelerate the cycle2CO, reducing its concentration to levels lethally low for plants (6995099999999999999♠10 ppm for C4 photosynthesis) in approximately 500–7016284018400000000♠900 Ma.[52] The lack of vegetation will result in the loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, so animal life will become extinct within several million more years.[57] After another billion years all surface water will have disappeared[53] and the mean global temperature will reach 7002343150000000000♠70 °C[57] (7002343150000000000♠158 °F). Earth is expected to be effectively habitable for about another 7016157788000000000♠500 Ma from that point,[52] although this may be extended up to 7016725824800000000♠2.3 Ga if the nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere.[54] Even if the Sun were eternal and stable, 27% of the water in the modern oceans will descend to the mantle in one billion years, due to reduced steam venting from mid-ocean ridges.[58] 7017145164960000000♠4.6 ; from 7017189345600000000♠6 Ga Sun gradually warming, becoming a red dwarf at 7017315576000000000♠10 Ga, "soon" followed by its transformation into a white dwarf" src="http://images.worldlibrary.net/articles/eng/File:Solar_Life_Cycle.svg" width="800"> Life cycle of the Sun 14 billion year timeline showing Sun's present age at 7017145164960000000♠4.6 Ga; from 7017189345600000000♠6 Ga Sun gradually warming, becoming a red dwarf at 7017315576000000000♠10 Ga, "soon" followed by its transformation into a white dwarf The Sun will evolve to become a red giant in about 7017157788000000000♠5 Ga. Models predict that the Sun will expand to roughly 1 AU (150,000,000 km), which is about 250 times its present radius.[55][59] Earth's fate is less clear. As a red giant, the Sun will lose roughly 30% of its mass, so, without tidal effects, Earth will move to an orbit 1.7 AU (250,000,000 km) from the Sun when it reaches its maximum radius. Earth was, therefore, once expected to escape envelopment by the expanded Sun's outer atmosphere, though most, if not all, remaining life would have been destroyed by the Sun's increased luminosity (peaking at about 5,000 times its present level).[55] A 2008 simulation indicates that Earth's orbit will decay due to tidal effects and drag, causing it to enter the red giant Sun's atmosphere and be vaporized.[59] Name and etymology The modern English word Earth developed from a wide variety of Middle English forms,[n 4] which derived from an Old English noun most often spelled eorðe.[60] It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as erþō*. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ (gē): the ground,[n 5] its soil,[n 6] dry land,[n 7] the human world,[n 8] the surface of the world (including the sea),[n 9] and the globe itself.[n 10] As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were listed by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus,[69] and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mother of Thor.[70] Originally, earth was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the earth. By early Modern English, many nouns were capitalized, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the other planets.[60] House styles now vary: Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e.g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the (e.g. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing?"[71] Composition and structure The summit of Chimborazo, in Ecuador, is the point on Earth's surface farthest from its center.[72] The shape of Earth approximates an oblate spheroid, a sphere flattened along the axis from pole to pole such that there is a bulge around the equator.[73] This bulge results from the rotation of Earth, and causes the diameter at the equator to be 43 kilometres (27 mi) larger than the pole-to-pole diameter.[74] Thus the point on the surface farthest from Earth's center of mass is the summit of the equatorial Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador.[72][75][76][77] The average diameter of the reference spheroid is about 12,742 kilometres (7,918 mi), which is approximately 40,000 km/π, because the meter was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the equator to the North Pole through Paris, France.[78] Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid, although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth's radius: The maximum deviation of only 0.17% is at the Mariana Trench (10,911 metres (35,797 ft) below local sea level), whereas Mount Everest (8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above local sea level) represents a deviation of 0.14%. If Earth were shrunk to the size of a cue ball, some areas of Earth such as mountain ranges and oceanic trenches would feel like small imperfections, whereas much of the planet, including the Great Plains and the abyssal plains, would actually feel smoother than a cue ball.[79] Chemical composition of the crust[80] silica SiO2 60.2% 48.6% alumina Al2O3 15.2% 16.5% lime CaO 5.5% 12.3% magnesia MgO 3.1% 6.8% iron(II) oxide FeO 3.8% 6.2% sodium oxide Na2O 3.0% 2.6% potassium oxide K2O 2.8% 0.4% iron(III) oxide Fe2O3 2.5% 2.3% water H2O 1.4% 1.1% carbon dioxide CO2 1.2% 1.4% titanium dioxide TiO2 0.7% 1.4% phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 0.2% 0.3% Earth's mass is approximately 7024597000000000000♠5.97×1024 kg (5,970 yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to mass segregation, the core region is estimated to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements.[81] The geochemist F. W. Clarke calculated that a little more than 47% of Earth's crust consists of oxygen. The more common rock constituents of the crust are nearly all oxides: chlorine, sulfur and fluorine are the important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%. The principal oxides are silica, alumina, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, potash and soda. The silica functions principally as an acid, forming silicates, and all the most common minerals of igneous rocks are of this nature. From a computation based on 1,672 analyses of all kinds of rocks, Clarke deduced that 99.22% was composed of 11 oxides (see the table at right), with the other constituents occurring in minute quantities.[82] Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties, but unlike the other terrestrial planets, it has a distinct outer and inner core. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity, and the thickness of the crust varies: averaging 7003600000000000000♠6 km (kilometers) under the oceans and 30–50 km on the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere, and it is of the lithosphere that the tectonic plates are composed. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides. Important changes in crystal structure within the mantle occur at 410 and 7005660000000000000♠660 km below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath the mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core.[83] The inner core may rotate at a slightly higher angular velocity than the remainder of the planet, advancing by 0.1–0.5° per year.[84] The radius of the inner core is about one fifth of Earth's. Geologic layers of Earth[85] Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale. Depth[86] Component Layer 0–60 Lithosphere[n 11] — 0–35 Crust[n 12] 2.2–2.9 35–60 Upper mantle 3.4–4.4 35–2890 Mantle 3.4–5.6 100–700 Asthenosphere — 2890–5100 Outer core 9.9–12.2 5100–6378 Inner core 12.8–13.1 Earth's internal heat comes from a combination of residual heat from planetary accretion (about 20%) and heat produced through radioactive decay (80%).[87] The major heat-producing isotopes within Earth are potassium-40, uranium-238, uranium-235, and thorium-232.[88] At the center, the temperature may be up to 6,000 °C (10,830 °F),[89] and the pressure could reach 360 GPa.[90] Because much of the heat is provided by radioactive decay, scientists postulate that early in Earth's history, before isotopes with short half-lives had been depleted, Earth's heat production would have been much higher. This extra heat production, twice present-day at approximately 7016946728000000000♠3 Ga,[87] would have increased temperature gradients with radius, increasing the rates of mantle convection and plate tectonics, and allowing the production of uncommon igneous rocks such as komatiites that are rarely formed today.[91] Present-day major heat-producing isotopes[92] Heat release W/kg isotope Mean mantle concentration kg isotope/kg mantle W/kg mantle 238U 94.6 × 10−6 4.47 × 109 30.8 × 10−9 2.91 × 10−12 235U 569 × 10−6 0.704 × 109 0.22 × 10−9 0.125 × 10−12 232Th 26.4 × 10−6 14.0 × 109 124 × 10−9 3.27 × 10−12 40K 29.2 × 10−6 1.25 × 109 36.9 × 10−9 1.08 × 10−12 The mean heat loss from Earth is 87 mW m−2, for a global heat loss of 4.42 × 1013 W.[93] A portion of the core's thermal energy is transported toward the crust by mantle plumes; a form of convection consisting of upwellings of higher-temperature rock. These plumes can produce hotspots and flood basalts.[94] More of the heat in Earth is lost through plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges. The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans because the crust there is much thinner than that of the continents.[95] Earth's major plates[96] Plate name Pacific Plate African Plate[n 13] Eurasian Plate Antarctic Plate Indo-Australian Plate South American Plate The mechanically rigid outer layer of Earth, the lithosphere, is broken into pieces called tectonic plates. These plates are rigid segments that move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries, at which two plates come together, divergent boundaries, at which two plates are pulled apart, and transform boundaries, in which two plates slide past one another laterally. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation can occur along these plate boundaries.[97] The tectonic plates ride on top of the asthenosphere, the solid but less-viscous part of the upper mantle that can flow and move along with the plates.[98] As the tectonic plates migrate across the planet, the ocean floor is subducted under the leading edges of the plates at convergent boundaries. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes continually recycles the oceanic crust back into the mantle. Due to this recycling, most of the ocean floor is less than 7015315576000000000♠100 Ma old in age. The oldest oceanic crust is located in the Western Pacific, and has an estimated age of about 7015631152000000000♠200 Ma.[99][100] By comparison, the oldest dated continental crust is 7017127177128000000♠4030 Ma.[101] The seven major plates are the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian, and South American. Other notable plates include the Arabian Plate, the Caribbean Plate, the Nazca Plate off the west coast of South America and the Scotia Plate in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The Australian Plate fused with the Indian Plate between 50 and 7015173566800000000♠55 mya. The fastest-moving plates are the oceanic plates, with the Cocos Plate advancing at a rate of 75 mm/year[102] and the Pacific Plate moving 52–69 mm/year. At the other extreme, the slowest-moving plate is the Eurasian Plate, progressing at a typical rate of about 21 mm/year.[103] Features of Earth's solid surface shown as percentages of the planet's total surface area Oceanic ridges (22.1%) Ocean basin floors (29.8%) Continental mountains (10.3%) Continental lowlands (18.9%) Continental shelves and slopes (11.4%) Continental rise (3.8%) Volcanic island arcs, trenches, submarine volcanoes, and hills (3.7%) An aerial view of Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona. Earth's terrain varies greatly from place to place. About 70.8%[104] of the surface is covered by water, with much of the continental shelf below sea level. This equates to 7008361132000000000♠361.132 million km2 (139.43 million sq mi).[105] The submerged surface has mountainous features, including a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system, as well as undersea volcanoes,[74] oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus and abyssal plains. The remaining 29.2% (7008148940000000000♠148.94 million km2, or 57.51 million sq mi) not covered by water consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, and other landforms. The planetary surface undergoes reshaping over geological time periods due to tectonics and erosion. The surface features built up or deformed through plate tectonics are subject to steady weathering and erosion from precipitation, thermal cycles, and chemical effects. Glaciation, coastal erosion, the build-up of coral reefs, and large meteorite impacts[106] also act to reshape the landscape. Present-day Earth altimetry and bathymetry. Data from the National Geophysical Data Center's TerrainBase Digital Terrain Model. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite. Less common is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors.[107] Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the crust.[108] The third form of rock material found on Earth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine.[109] Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite.[110] The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's continental surface and is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The total arable land is 10.9% of the land surface, with 1.3% being permanent cropland.[111][112] Close to 40% of Earth's land surface is used for cropland and pasture, or an estimated 1.3×107 km2 of cropland and 3.4×107 km2 of pastureland.[113] The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of −418 m at the Dead Sea, to a 2005-estimated maximum altitude of 8,848 m at the top of Mount Everest. The mean height of land above sea level is 840 m.[114] Besides being divided logically into Northern and Southern hemispheres centered on the poles, Earth has been divided arbitrarily into Eastern and Western hemispheres. Earth's surface is traditionally divided into seven continents and various seas. Elevation histogram of Earth's surface The abundance of water on Earth's surface is a unique feature that distinguishes the "Blue Planet" from other planets in the Solar System. Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth of 2,000 m. The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m.[n 14][115] The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35×1018 metric tons, or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The oceans cover an area of 7014361800000000000♠3.618×108 km2 with a mean depth of 7003368200000000000♠3682 m, resulting in an estimated volume of 7018133200000000000♠1.332×109 km3.[116] If all of Earth's crustal surface was at the same elevation as a smooth sphere, the depth of the resulting world ocean would be 2.7 to 2.8 km.[117][118] About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water, about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and glaciers.[119] The average salinity of Earth's oceans is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water (3.5% salt).[120] Most of this salt was released from volcanic activity or extracted from cool igneous rocks.[121] The oceans are also a reservoir of dissolved atmospheric gases, which are essential for the survival of many aquatic life forms.[122] Sea water has an important influence on the world's climate, with the oceans acting as a large heat reservoir.[123] Shifts in the oceanic temperature distribution can cause significant weather shifts, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.[124] A typhoon as seen from low Earth orbit The atmospheric pressure on Earth's surface averages 101.325 kPa, with a scale height of about 8.5 km.[125] It has a composition of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with trace amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gaseous molecules. The height of the troposphere varies with latitude, ranging between 8 km at the poles to 17 km at the equator, with some variation resulting from weather and seasonal factors.[126] Earth's ozone layer due to the subsequent conversion of atmospheric O2 into O3. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation, permitting life on land.[127] Other atmospheric functions important to life include transporting water vapor, providing useful gases, causing small meteors to burn up before they strike the surface, and moderating temperature.[128] This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone are the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without this heat-retention effect, the average surface would be −18 °C, in contrast to the current +15 °C, and life would likely not exist.[129] In this scene from Antarctica, Earth's south polar continent, ice ridges contrast with towering clouds Satellite cloud cover image of Earth using NASA's Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary, slowly becoming thinner and fading into outer space. Three-quarters of the atmosphere's mass is contained within the first 11 km of the surface. This lowest layer is called the troposphere. Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing expansion of the air. This lower-density air then rises, and is replaced by cooler, higher-density air. The result is atmospheric circulation that drives the weather and climate through redistribution of thermal energy.[130] The primary atmospheric circulation bands consist of the trade winds in the equatorial region below 30° latitude and the westerlies in the mid-latitudes between 30° and 60°.[131] Ocean currents are also important factors in determining climate, particularly the thermohaline circulation that distributes thermal energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions.[132] Water vapor generated through surface evaporation is transported by circulatory patterns in the atmosphere. When atmospheric conditions permit an uplift of warm, humid air, this water condenses and falls to the surface as precipitation.[130] Most of the water is then transported to lower elevations by river systems and usually returned to the oceans or deposited into lakes. This water cycle is a vital mechanism for supporting life on land, and is a primary factor in the erosion of surface features over geological periods. Precipitation patterns vary widely, ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter. Atmospheric circulation, topographic features and temperature differences determine the average precipitation that falls in each region.[133] The amount of solar energy reaching Earth's surface decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes the sunlight reaches the surface at lower angles and it must pass through thicker columns of the atmosphere. As a result, the mean annual air temperature at sea level decreases by about 0.4 °C (0.7 °F) per degree of latitude from the equator.[134] Earth's surface can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate. Ranging from the equator to the polar regions, these are the tropical (or equatorial), subtropical, temperate and polar climates.[135] Climate can also be classified based on the temperature and precipitation, with the climate regions characterized by fairly uniform air masses. The commonly used Köppen climate classification system (as modified by Wladimir Köppen's student Rudolph Geiger) has five broad groups (humid tropics, arid, humid middle latitudes, continental and cold polar), which are further divided into more specific subtypes.[131] Climate on Earth has latitudinal anomalies, namely the habitability of the Scandinavian peninsula very far north in sharp contrast to the polar climates of northern Canada as well as the cool summers expected at low latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (for example on the west coast of South America). Another anomaly is the impact of landmass on temperature, manifested by the fact that Earth is much warmer at aphelion, where the planet is at a more distant position from the Sun.[136] When the Northern hemisphere is turned towards the sunlight even the increased distance to it does not hinder temperatures to be 2.3 °C (4 °F) warmer than at perihelion—when the marine southern hemisphere is turned towards the Sun.[136] At high latitudes, the western sides of continents tend to be milder than the eastern sides—for example seen in North America and Western Europe where rough continental climates appear on the east coast on parallels with mild climates on the other side of the ocean.[137] The highest air temperature ever measured on Earth was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) in Furnace Creek, California, in Death Valley, in 1913.[138] The lowest air temperature ever directly measured on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at Vostok Station in 1983,[139] but satellites have used remote sensing to measure temperatures as low as −94.7 °C (−138.5 °F) in East Antarctica.[140] These temperature records are only measurements made with modern instruments from the 20th century onwards and likely do not reflect the full range of temperature on Earth. Upper atmosphere This view from orbit shows the full Moon partially obscured by Earth's atmosphere. NASA image Above the troposphere, the atmosphere is usually divided into the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.[128] Each layer has a different lapse rate, defining the rate of change in temperature with height. Beyond these, the exosphere thins out into the magnetosphere, where the geomagnetic fields interact with the solar wind.[141] Within the stratosphere is the ozone layer, a component that partially shields the surface from ultraviolet light and thus is important for life on Earth. The Kármán line, defined as 100 km above Earth's surface, is a working definition for the boundary between the atmosphere and outer space.[142] Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere to increase their velocity to the point where they can escape from Earth's gravity. This causes a slow but steady leakage of the atmosphere into space. Because unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass, it can achieve escape velocity more readily and it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases.[143] The leakage of hydrogen into space contributes to the shifting of Earth's atmosphere and surface from an initially reducing state to its current oxidizing one. Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere.[144] Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth.[145] In the current, oxygen-rich atmosphere most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape. Instead, most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere.[146] Schematic of Earth's magnetosphere. The solar wind flows from left to right The main part of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core, the site of a dynamo process that converts kinetic energy of fluid convective motion into electrical and magnetic field energy. The field extends outwards from the core, through the mantle, and up to Earth's surface, where it is, to rough approximation, a dipole. The poles of the dipole are located close to Earth's geographic poles. At the equator of the magnetic field, the magnetic-field strength at the surface is 3.05 × 10−5 T, with global magnetic dipole moment of 7.91 × 1015 T m3.[147] The convection movements in the core are chaotic; the magnetic poles drift and periodically change alignment. This causes field reversals at irregular intervals averaging a few times every million years. The most recent reversal occurred approximately 700,000 years ago.[148][149] The extent of Earth's magnetic field in space defines the magnetosphere. Ions and electrons of the solar wind are deflected by the magnetosphere; solar wind pressure compresses the dayside of the magnetosphere, to about 10 Earth radii, and extends the nightside magnetosphere into a long tail. Because the velocity of the solar wind is greater than the speed at which wave propagate through the solar wind, a supersonic bowshock precedes the dayside magnetosphere within the solar wind. Charged particles are contained within the magnetosphere; the plasmasphere is defined by low-energy particles that essentially follow magnetic field lines as Earth rotates; the ring current is defined by medium-energy particles that drift relative to the geomagnetic field, but with paths that are still dominated by the magnetic field, and the Van Allen radiation belt are formed by high-energy particles whose motion is essentially random, but otherwise contained by the magnetosphere. During a magnetic storm, charged particles can be deflected from the outer magnetosphere, directed along field lines into Earth's ionosphere, where atmospheric atoms can be excited and ionized, causing the aurora.[150] Orbit and rotation Earth's axial tilt (or obliquity) and its relation to the rotation axis and plane of orbit Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun—its mean solar day—is 86,400 seconds of mean solar time (86,400.0025 SI seconds).[151] Because Earth's solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal deceleration, each day varies between 0 and 2 SI ms longer.[152][153] Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its stellar day by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is 86,164.098903691 seconds of mean solar time (UT1), or 23h 56m 4.098903691s.[154][n 15] Earth's rotation period relative to the precessing or moving mean vernal equinox, misnamed its sidereal day, is 86,164.09053083288 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23h 56m 4.09053083288s) as of 1982.[154] Thus the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about 8.4 ms.[155] The length of the mean solar day in SI seconds is available from the IERS for the periods 1623–2005[156] and 1962–2005.[157] Apart from meteors within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites, the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in Earth's sky is to the west at a rate of 15°/h = 15'/min. For bodies near the celestial equator, this is equivalent to an apparent diameter of the Sun or the Moon every two minutes; from Earth's surface, the apparent sizes of the Sun and the Moon are approximately the same.[158][159] Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 150 million kilometers every 365.2564 mean solar days, or one sidereal year. This gives an apparent movement of the Sun eastward with respect to the stars at a rate of about 1°/day, which is one apparent Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours. Due to this motion, on average it takes 24 hours—a solar day—for Earth to complete a full rotation about its axis so that the Sun returns to the meridian. The orbital speed of Earth averages about 29.8 km/s (107,000 km/h), which is fast enough to travel a distance equal to Earth's diameter, about 12,742 km, in seven minutes, and the distance to the Moon, 384,000 km, in about 3.5 hours.[125] The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Viewed from the celestial north pole, the motion of Earth, the Moon, and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise. Viewed from a vantage point above the north poles of both the Sun and Earth, Earth orbits in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.4 degrees from the perpendicular to the Earth–Sun plane (the ecliptic), and the Earth–Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two weeks, alternating between lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.[125][160] The Hill sphere, or gravitational sphere of influence, of Earth is about 1.5 Gm or 1,500,000 km in radius.[161][n 16] This is the maximum distance at which the Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets. Objects must orbit Earth within this radius, or they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. Earth, along with the Solar System, is situated in the Milky Way and orbits about 28,000 light years from its center. It is about 20 light years above the galactic plane in the Orion Arm.[162] Axial tilt and seasons Due to Earth's axial tilt, the amount of sunlight reaching any given point on the surface varies over the course of the year. This causes seasonal change in climate, with summer in the northern hemisphere occurring when the North Pole is pointing toward the Sun, and winter taking place when the pole is pointed away. During the summer, the day lasts longer and the Sun climbs higher in the sky. In winter, the climate becomes generally cooler and the days shorter. In northern temperate latitudes, the Sun rises north of true east during the summer solstice, and sets north of true west, reversing in the winter. The Sun rises south of true east in the summer for the southern temperate zone, and sets south of true west. Above the Arctic Circle, an extreme case is reached where there is no daylight at all for part of the year, up to six months at the North Pole itself, a polar night. In the southern hemisphere the situation is exactly reversed, with the South Pole oriented opposite the direction of the North Pole. Six months later, this pole will experience a midnight sun, a day of 24 hours, again reversing with the South Pole. By astronomical convention, the four seasons can be determined by the solstices — the points in the orbit of maximum axial tilt toward or away from the Sun — and the equinoxes, when the direction of the tilt and the direction to the Sun are perpendicular. In the northern hemisphere, winter solstice currently occurs around December 21, summer solstice is near June 21, spring equinox is around March 20 and autumnal equinox is about September 22 or 23. In the southern hemisphere, the situation is reversed, with the summer and winter solstices exchanged and the spring and autumnal equinox dates swapped.[163] The angle of Earth's axial tilt is relatively stable over long periods of time. Its axial tilt does undergo nutation; a slight, irregular motion with a main period of 18.6 years.[164] The orientation (rather than the angle) of Earth's axis also changes over time, precessing around in a complete circle over each 25,800 year cycle; this precession is the reason for the difference between a sidereal year and a tropical year. Both of these motions are caused by the varying attraction of the Sun and the Moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. The poles also migrate a few meters across Earth's surface. This polar motion has multiple, cyclical components, which collectively are termed quasiperiodic motion. In addition to an annual component to this motion, there is a 14-month cycle called the Chandler wobble. Earth's rotational velocity also varies in a phenomenon known as length-of-day variation.[165] In modern times, Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3, and its aphelion around July 4. These dates change over time due to precession and other orbital factors, which follow cyclical patterns known as Milankovitch cycles. The changing Earth–Sun distance causes an increase of about 6.9%[n 17] in solar energy reaching Earth at perihelion relative to aphelion. Because the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun at about the same time that Earth reaches the closest approach to the Sun, the southern hemisphere receives slightly more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year. This effect is much less significant than the total energy change due to the axial tilt, and most of the excess energy is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere.[166] A planet that can sustain life is termed metabolism.[167] The distance of Earth from the Sun, as well as its orbital eccentricity, rate of rotation, axial tilt, geological history, sustaining atmosphere and protective magnetic field all contribute to the current climatic conditions at the surface.[168] Coral reef and beach A planet's life forms inhabit ecosystems, whose total is sometimes said to form a "biosphere". Earth's biosphere is thought to have begun evolving about 7000350000000000000♠3.5 Gya.[43] The biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar plants and animals. On land, biomes are separated primarily by differences in latitude, height above sea level and humidity. Terrestrial biomes lying within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles, at high altitudes or in extremely arid areas are relatively barren of plant and animal life; species diversity reaches a peak in humid lowlands at equatorial latitudes.[169] Natural resources and land use Estimated human land use, 2000[170] Cropland 1,510–1,611 Pastures 2,500–3,410 Natural forests 3,143–3,871 Planted forests 126–215 Urban areas 66–351 Unused, productive land 356–445 Earth has resources that have been exploited by humans. Those termed non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels, only renew over geological timescales. Large deposits of fossil fuels are obtained from Earth's crust, consisting of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These deposits are used by humans both for energy production and as feedstock for chemical production. Mineral ore bodies have also been formed within the crust through a process of ore genesis, resulting from actions of magmatism, erosion and plate tectonics.[171] These bodies form concentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements. Earth's biosphere produces many useful biological products for humans, including food, ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from the land.[172] In 1980, 5,053 Mha (50.53 million km2) of Earth's land surface consisted of forest and woodlands, 6,788 Mha (67.88 million km2) was grasslands and pasture, and 1,501 Mha (15.01 million km2) was cultivated as croplands.[173] The estimated amount of irrigated land in 1993 was 2,481,250 square kilometres (958,020 sq mi).[174] Humans also live on the land by using building materials to construct shelters. Natural and environmental hazards A volcano injecting hot ash into the atmosphere Large areas of Earth's surface are subject to extreme weather such as tropical cyclones, hurricanes, or typhoons that dominate life in those areas. From 1980 to 2000, these events caused an average of 11,800 human deaths per year.[175] Many places are subject to earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, sinkholes, blizzards, floods, droughts, wildfires, and other calamities and disasters. Many localized areas are subject to human-made pollution of the air and water, acid rain and toxic substances, loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, species extinction, soil degradation, soil depletion and erosion. According to the United Nations, a scientific consensus exists linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions. This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels.[176] The seven continents of Earth[177] A composite picture consisting of DMSP/OLS ground-illumination data for 2000 placed on a simulated night-time image of Earth. Cartography, the study and practice of map-making, and geography, the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena on Earth, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting Earth. Surveying, the determination of locations and distances, and to a lesser extent navigation, the determination of position and direction, have developed alongside cartography and geography, providing and suitably quantifying the requisite information. Earth's human population reached approximately seven billion on October 31, 2011.[178] Projections indicate that the world's human population will reach 9.2 billion in 2050.[179] Most of the growth is expected to take place in developing nations. Human population density varies widely around the world, but a majority live in Asia. By 2020, 60% of the world's population is expected to be living in urban, rather than rural, areas.[180] It is estimated that one-eighth of Earth's surface is suitable for humans to live on – three-quarters of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, leaving one quarter as land. Half of that land area is desert (14%),[181] high mountains (27%),[182] or other unsuitable terrain. The northernmost permanent settlement in the world is Alert, on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada.[183] (82°28′N) The southernmost is the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, in Antarctica, almost exactly at the South Pole. (90°S) Independent sovereign nations claim the planet's entire land surface, except for some parts of Antarctica, a few land parcels along the Danube river's western bank, and the odd unclaimed area of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan. As of 2015, there are 193 sovereign states that are member states of the United Nations, plus two observer states and 72 dependent territories and states with limited recognition.[174] Historically, Earth has never had a sovereign government with authority over the entire globe although a number of nation-states have striven for world domination and failed.[184] Use dmy dates from January 2015 Use American English from July 2015 Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text Articles containing potentially dated statements from before 1990 Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2010 Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2015 Articles with Old English-language external links Articles with Ancient Greek-language external links WorldHeritage articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica without Wikisource reference WorldHeritage articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Spoken articles encyclopedic entry about the EarthNational Geographic Earth – Profile – Solar System Exploration – NASA. Earth – Climate Changes Cause Shape to Change – NASA. United States Geological Survey [1]. Earth – Astronaut Photography Gateway – NASA. – Observatory – NASA. Earth – Audio (29:28) – Cain/Gay – Astronomy Cast (2007). Earth – Videos – International Space Station: Video (01:02) – Earth (time-lapse). Video (00:27) – Earth and Auroras (time-lapse). ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "world, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2010. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "Gaia, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2007. ^ Oxford English Dictionary), 1st ed. "terra, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1911. ^ Schopf, JW, Kudryavtsev, AB, Czaja, AD, and Tripathi, AB. (2007). Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research 158:141–155. ^ Schopf, JW (2006). Fossil evidence of Archaean life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 29;361(1470) 869-85. ^ Early edition, published online before print. ^ a b See: ^ a b c d e f g h i Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "earth, n.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2010. ^ a b Beowulf. Trans. Chad Matlick in : Lines 1399 to 1799"Beowulf". West Virginia University. Accessed 5 Aug 2014. (Old English) & (English) ^ Mounce Reverse-Intralinear New Testament: "Luke 13:7". Hosted at Bible Gateway. 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014. (Ancient Greek) & (English) ^ Ælfric of Eynsham. . Humphrey Milford (London), 1922.The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Ælfric’s Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis. Reprinted by S.J. Crawford as Heptateuch Hosted at Wordhord. Accessed 5 Aug 2014. ^ King James Version of the Bible: "Genesis 1:10". Hosted at Bible Gateway. 2014. Accessed 5 August 2014. ^ Mounce Reverse-Intralinear New Testament: "Matthew 28:18". Hosted at Bible Gateway. 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014. & (English) ^ "Genesis A". Hosted at the Dept. of Linguistic Studies at the University of Padua. Accessed 5 August 2014. (Old English) ^ Killings, Douglas. , I.iiCodex Junius 11. 1996. Hosted at Project Gutenberg. Accessed 5 August 2014. ^ Ælfric, Abbot of Eynsham. "De temporibus annis" Trans. P. Baker as "On the Seasons of the Year". Hosted at Old English at the University of Virginia, 1998. Accessed 6 August 2014. ^ Tacitus. Germania, Ch. 40. ^ Simek, Rudolf. Trans. Angela Hall as Dictionary of Northern Mythology, p. 179. D.S. Brewer, 2007. ISBN 0-85991-513-1. ^ The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 1st ed. "earth". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1998. ISBN 0-19-861263-X. ^ Note: After Ronov and Yaroshevsky (1969). ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: ^ —Graph at end. ^ a b —See the apparent diameters on the Sun and Moon pages. ^ See Table 1. ^ World at the Xpeditions Atlas, National Geographic Society, Washington D.C., 2006. ^ See table 2, p. 5. ^ Lovelock, James. The Vanishing Face of Gaia. Basic Books, 2009, p. 255. ISBN 978-0-465-01549-8 ^ ; but see also Cosmas Indicopleustes. ^ Neil deGrasse Tyson (2012) Why Space Matters ^ Particularly as the setting for human civilization and experience.[1] ^ From the name of the Greek earth goddess, but now particularly used for the global ecosystem.[2] ^ The number of solar days is one less than the number of sidereal days because the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun causes one additional revolution of the planet about its axis. ^ Including eorþe, erþe, erde, and erthe.[60] ^ As in Beowulf (1531–33): Wearp ða wundelmæl wrættum gebunden yrre oretta, þæt hit on eorðan læg, stið ond stylecg.[60][61] "He threw the artfully-wound sword so that it lay upon the earth, firm and sharp-edged."[61] ^ As in the Old English glosses of the Lindisfarne Gospels (Luke 13:7): Succidite ergo illam ut quid etiam terram occupat: hrendas uel scearfað forðon ðailca uel hia to huon uutedlice eorðo gionetað uel gemerras.[60] "Remove it. Why should it use up the soil?"[62] ^ As in Ælfric's Heptateuch (Gen. 1:10): Ond God gecygde ða drignysse eorðan ond ðære wætera gegaderunge he het sæ.[60][63] "And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas."[64] ^ As in the Wessex Gospels (Matt. 28:18): Me is geseald ælc anweald on heofonan & on eorðan.[60] "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me."[65] ^ As in the Codex Junius's Genesis (112–16): her ærest gesceop ece drihten, helm eallwihta, heofon and eorðan, rodor arærde and þis rume land gestaþelode strangum mihtum, frea ælmihtig.[60][66] "Here first with mighty power the Everlasting Lord, the Helm of all created things, Almighty King, made earth and heaven, raised up the sky and founded the spacious land."[67] ^ As in Ælfric's On the Seasons of the Year (Ch. 6, §9): Seo eorðe stent on gelicnysse anre pinnhnyte, & seo sunne glit onbutan be Godes gesetnysse.[60] "The earth can be compared to a pine cone, and the Sun glides around it by God's decree.[68] ^ Locally varies between 5 and 200 km. ^ Locally varies between 5 and 70 km. ^ Including the Somali Plate, which is being formed out of the African Plate. See: ^ This is the measurement taken by the vessel Kaikō in March 1995 and is considered the most accurate measurement to date. See the Challenger Deep article for more details. ^ The ultimate source of these figures, uses the term "seconds of UT1" instead of "seconds of mean solar time".— ^ For Earth, the Hill radius is R_H = a\left ( \frac{m}{3M} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}}, where m is the mass of Earth, a is an astronomical unit, and M is the mass of the Sun. So the radius in AU is about \left ( \frac{1}{3 \cdot 332,946} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}} = 0.01. ^ Aphelion is 103.4% of the distance to perihelion. Due to the inverse square law, the radiation at perihelion is about 106.9% the energy at aphelion. ^ aphelion = a × (1 + e); perihelion = a × (1 – e), where a is the semi-major axis and e is the eccentricity. The difference between Earth's perihelion and aphelion is 5 million kilometers. ^ All astronomical quantities vary, both secularly and periodically. The quantities given are the values at the instant J2000.0 of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations. ^ Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding ice shelves, and mapping conventions for vertical datums, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the Vector Map and Global Landcover datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of Antarctica and Greenland are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level. ^ United States Strategic Command tracks about 15,000 other artificial objects, mostly debris. See: Celestial sphere Earth physical characteristics tables Timeline of the far future "Earthrise", the first photograph of Earth as a celestial body, taken by astronauts on board Apollo 8 "The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth, taken by the Apollo 17 lunar mission in 1972 Scientific investigation has resulted in several culturally transformative shifts in our view of the planet. In the West, belief in a flat Earth[209] was displaced by the idea of spherical Earth, credited to Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.[210] Earth was further believed to be the center of the universe until the 16th century, when scientists first theorized that it was a moving object, comparable to the other planets in the Solar System.[211] Due to the efforts of influential Christian scholars and clerics such as James Ussher, who sought to determine the age of Earth through analysis of genealogies in Scripture, Westerners prior to the 19th century generally believed Earth to be a few thousand years old at most. It was only during the 19th century that geologists realized Earth's age was at least many millions of years.[212] Lord Kelvin used thermodynamics to estimate the age of Earth to be between 20 million and 400 million years in 1864, sparking a vigorous debate on the subject; it was only when radioactivity and radioactive dating were discovered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that a reliable mechanism for determining Earth's age was established, proving the planet to be billions of years old.[213][214] The perception of Earth shifted again in the 20th century when humans first viewed it from orbit, and especially with photographs of Earth returned by the Apollo program.[215] [205] in many religions involve the creation of Earth by a supernatural deity or deities.Creation myths [208][207][206] The standard astronomical symbol of Earth consists of a cross circumscribed by a circle, ,[204] representing the four quadrants of the world. Cultural and historical viewpoint As of September 2015, there were 1,305 operational, human-made satellites orbiting Earth.[203] There are also inoperative satellites, including Vanguard 1 the oldest satellite currently in orbit, and over 300,000 pieces of space debris. Earth's largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station. The tiny near-Earth asteroid 2006 RH120 makes close approaches to the Earth–Moon system roughly every twenty years. During these approaches, it can orbit Earth for brief periods of time.[202] Earth has at least five co-orbital asteroids, including 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29.[198][199] A trojan asteroid companion, 2010 TK7, is librating around the leading Lagrange triangular point, L4, in the Earth's orbit around the Sun.[200][201] The International Space Station is an artificial satellite in orbit around Earth. Asteroids and artificial satellites The most widely accepted theory of the Moon's origin, the giant impact theory, states that it formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet called Theia with the early Earth. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements, and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of Earth's crust.[197] Viewed from Earth, the Moon is just far enough away to have almost the same apparent-sized disk as the Sun. The angular size (or solid angle) of these two bodies match because, although the Sun's diameter is about 400 times as large as the Moon's, it is also 400 times more distant.[159] This allows total and annular solar eclipses to occur on Earth. The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon.[195] Some theorists think that without this stabilization against the torques applied by the Sun and planets to Earth's equatorial bulge, the rotational axis might be chaotically unstable, exhibiting chaotic changes over millions of years, as appears to be the case for Mars.[196] Due to their tidal interaction, the Moon recedes from Earth at the rate of approximately 38 mm/yr. Over millions of years, these tiny modifications—and the lengthening of Earth's day by about 23 µs/yr—add up to significant changes.[193] During the Devonian period, for example, (approximately 7016129386160000000♠410 mya) there were 400 days in a year, with each day lasting 21.8 hours.[194] The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth. The same effect on the Moon has led to its tidal locking: its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit Earth. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the lunar phases; the dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator. The Moon is a relatively large, terrestrial, planet-like satellite, with a diameter about one-quarter of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, although Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto. The natural satellites of other planets are also referred to as "moons", after Earth's. Full moon as seen from Earth's Northern Hemisphere Details of the Earth–Moon system, showing the radius of each object and the Earth–Moon barycenter. The Moon's axis is located by Cassini's third law. Diameter 3,474.8 km Mass 7.349×1022 kg Semi-major axis 384,400 km Orbital period 27 d 7 h 43.7 m The first human to orbit Earth was Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961.[187] In total, about 487 people have visited outer space and reached orbit as of 30 July 2010, and, of these, twelve have walked on the Moon.[188][189][190] Normally, the only humans in space are those on the International Space Station. The station's crew, made up of six people, is usually replaced every six months.[191] The farthest that humans have travelled from Earth is 400,171 km, achieved during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970.[192] [186]. When the consensus of the membership permits, it provides a mechanism for armed intervention.international law The U.N. serves primarily as a forum for international diplomacy and [185] Venus, Earth, Neptune, Jupiter, Mars Pininfarina Nido, Pininfarina, Jesper deClaville Christiansen Moon, Apollo 11, Project Mercury, Project Gemini, Apollo 15 List of elevation extremes by country Earth, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, India Solar System/Did you know Mercury (planet), Solar System, Earth, Mars, Jupiter Serer creation myth Earth, Serer religion, Senegal, Universe, Serer people Earth, Science, Solar System, Ocean, Universe	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line138
__label__cc	0.748197	0.251803	Redefining Health in the 21st Century What we can’t define, we can’t find; for our definition determines our destination. One of humanity’s greatest debacle is the allegiance to history as a standard for the present and the future. Humanity is so much indebted to old thoughts to the point where, thinking something new seems like a disloyalty to the legends of old. History should not be a status quo or an imperative standard for the present and the future, but an inspiration for the correction of the present and the redirection of the future for a better destiny for mankind. With respect to achieving health for all in the 21st century, humanity must outgrow old thoughts and ways, to the expounding of new methods, approaches, ideologies, and strategies in securing health for mankind. “The significant problems we are facing cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we where at when we created them. In the past, health was defined as having both body and mind working in good order, free from diseases and pains. If this assertion has been unable to provide humanity with insight on securing health for humanity, then it is expedient for humanity to think out of the status quo. There is no way humanity can resolve the health challenges of the 21st century except in the courage of exploring the unknown. With respect to the 21st century health plan, health is defined as an integrated state of being, of the human body, soul, and spirit functioning in absolute soundness. Thus, health is not necessarily the absence of pains or physical symptoms of sicknesses and diseases. There are individuals with no symptoms of pains, sickness and diseases, yet they are close to their grave. There are equally people who died without having any physical symptoms of pains or disease. Though they seemed to be fine, yet they died suddenly because they were not healthy. Health is much more than the absence of pains or disease, but an integrated state of being with the human body, soul, and spirit functioning in absolute soundness. Health is an integrated effect with a cause; which implies, health is not a coincidence or an accidental occurrence but the resultant effect of the relative functioning of the human body, soul and spirit in absolute soundness. Let me make this clear, health is not a challenge we can resolve by our shallow efforts. That is why despite all human efforts in achieving health, health has remained a severe challenge. To achieve health for all in the 21st century, humanity must stop joking. We must realize that, we are dealing with a challenge which if not resolved, billions of humans may be wiped out before the end of this century. For health to be achieved in the 21st century, humanity must adopt a more comprehensive and integrated approach taking into consideration the total human being; body, soul and spirit. I hope by now we are civilized enough to know that the human being is not an animal but a complex being with three related dimensions (body, soul and spirit). Any health plan which focuses only on one dimension of the human being will end in failure. A human being must improve in his body, soul and spirit to enjoy health. Insight on the Human Being: The human being is the most complex specie in all of existence. Until now, little has been discovered about the human being. What is in existence as information concerning the human being is but “skeleton”. The human being is a world yet unexploited. The ignorance about the totality and the truism of the human being is the greatest challenge to human evolution and progress. The full understanding of the truism of the human being will be the end of human misery and frustration. The human being is essentially a supernatural being, possessing a soul and living inside a body. This assertion is a universal truth agreed upon by all Universalists and equally confirmed in the universal lab manual or the divine constitution. The spirit of man is the ‘real estate’ of man, with the soul as the intermediary between the spirit of man and the body. The human spirit possesses the science of life, which defines humans as having the supremacy over all external factors. When this consciousness is transferred to the human soul and body, human immunity and resistance against sicknesses and diseases is enhanced. The fact that the human body is the only visible dimension of the human being does not define the body as the sole constituent of man. Limiting the human being to just his physical body can be the most tragic error. Humans are not animals. The most tragic academic mistake is that of classifying humans and animals under the same group. This academic mistake is due to the limited perspective about the human being. This perspective considers the human body as the sole constituent of man. This academic mistake has produced a low mentality and consciousness among humans. Today, humans live and behave as animals because of this error. Humans even suffer the same fate as animals. The day has finally come to eradicate this human ignorance. Health versus healing One of the errors humanity has made for several centuries is that of substituting health for healing. This error has lasted for so long that humanity has unconsciously resorted to healing programs in the name of health programs. Healing itself being the gradual recovery of a sick or diseased human is different from health, which is a state of absolute soundness (body, soul and spirit). Substituting health for healing makes humanity more reactive than pro-active. When we focus on health, we become more pro-active and preventive than reactive. Focusing on healing entails allowing the human being to first of all be attacked by sickness and disease before looking for her recovery. While health involves pro-active investment to have a human being sound in body, soul and spirit as an integrated effort towards freedom from sicknesses and diseases. Healing is a recovering and a relief from pains but health is a state of being. One can be healed today and sick tomorrow but health implies, an individual is sound in body, soul and spirit. Friend, healing as to health is relatively cheap and sometimes easy to come by, but health is a breakthrough which demands a lot of focus and concentration on one’s body, soul and spirit conditions. Which Health Insurance Plan IsBest for Me? 5 Expert Insider Steps to Begin Transforming Your Health & Body Today!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line139
__label__cc	0.551629	0.448371	Accommodation & Venue Cristina Dias-Cabral Univ. of Beira Interior, PT Ana Azevedo, Instituto Superior Tecnico, PT Verena Beck, acib, AT Cristina Dias-Cabral, Univ. of Beira Interior, PT Alois Jungbauer, acib/BOKU, AT Sandrina Sinko, Austropa Interconvention, AT Ana Azevedo Assistant Professor, Instituto Superio Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal AM Azevedo is assistant professor at the Department of Bioengineering of Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon. She graduated in Chemical Engineering from IST-ULisbon in 1996 and obtained a PhD degree in Biotechnology in 2004. She is also senior investigator of the Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB) where she coordinates several projects and PhD thesis in downstream processing. Her current research interest are integrating bioseparations and microfluidics to speed process development. More Information Sonja Berensmeier Bioseparation Engineering Group Technical University of Munich, Germany Sonja Berensmeier leads the Bioseparation Engineering Group at the Technical University of Munich since 2009, after several years as a group leader at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in the area of biofunctional surfaces. She meets the challenge for applied integration of molecular biology, biotechnology, particle technology, and process engineering. The focus of the current research is process intensification by adsorptive and extractive separation methods. In the field of adsorbents she is specialized in magnetic and conductive materials. More Information Biopharmaceuticals and Biomaterials Development Group, CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal Cristina Dias-Cabral is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior in Covilhã, Portugal and an integrated member of the CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Center at the same University. She is currently working in the field of downstream processing and characterization of large biomolecules. Fundamental aspects of adsorption of different types of biomolecules on different types of chromatographic supports with application in optimization and scale-up of chromatographic units is one of her special focus. Since 2010, date when she established a Flow Microcalorimetry laboratory at CICS-UBI, she has been characterizing thermodynamically the adsorption mechanisms of several biomolecules on different chromatographic supports used in downstream processing in order to understand their mechanism of interaction with the support. Work done in collaboration with different national and international research groups. More Information Michel Eppink Director Downstream Processing, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals B.V. Michel received his MSc. in Biology/Chemistry in 1993 from the University of Utrecht and his PhD in 1999 from the Wageningen University and Research Centre with background in structure/function relationships of proteins. Currently, Michel Eppink is Senior Director Downstream Processing at Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV developing purification/formulation processes for biopharmaceutical proteins. Next to that Michel is also Special Professor at the Department of Bioprocess Engineering at Wageningen University and Research Centre heading a group of PhD candidates in the research of new purification/analytical techniques for proteins/lipids/carbohydrates from different eukaryotic organisms (e.g. mammalian cell lines, macroalgae, microalgae, yeast). More Information Sophia Hober School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Sophia Hober is Professor of Molecular Biotechnology at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. The focus of her research group is development of predictable and robust systems for protein purification and detection by protein design and various selection methodologies. Her key scientific achievements include improvements of the alkaline tolerance of protein A and protein G for industrial purification of IgG. Also, a novel ligand for affinity purification of IgG in a calcium dependent way enabling mild elution has been developed. Further, small bispecific protein domains, with ability to strongly and selectively bind to two different proteins have been developed. These domains have been designed for use in protein purification as well as for cancer theranostics. Prof. Hober is the author of more than 120 full‑length scientific papers and has filed more than 20 international patent applications. She is cofounder of 4 start-up companies and member of several Board of Directors. She is also elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. Alois Jungbauer Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Alois Jungbauer serves since 1986 as a professor at the Department of Biotechnology at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna. He teaches Protein Technology and Downstream Processing and Bioprocess Engineering. He also acts as area head and Dep. Director of Research in the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology. He is currently working in the field of bioengineering of proteins, plasmids and viruses with special focus on expression, downstream processing and characterization of large biomolecules. As a proliferate researcher he has more than 300 publications on recombinant protein production and bioseparation, 15 patents and 12 book contributions and recently a monograph entitled “Protein Chromatography , Process Development and Scale Up”. He is executive editor and co-founder of Biotechnology Journal, and member of editorial boards from numerous journals in the area of biochemical engineering. More Information Cristina Peixoto Animal Cell Technology Unit, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Cristina Peixoto working in Animal Cell Technology field since 1996, her PhD contributed to the establishment of several scalable purification processes for complex biopharmaceuticals, mainly virus and virus like particles for vaccine and gene therapy. Since, 2009 she is the Head of the Downstream Process Development lab. Meanwhile Cristina coordinated more than 12 Research Contract Projects with Industrial partners and participated as team member in several Portuguese FCT-funded research projects and EU project consortiums. She is invited lecturer since 2010 in several PhD programs. She published over 64 manuscripts in refereed international journals. More recently, the activities were expanded to stem cells purification and to the development of new purification trains for viral based biopharmaceuticals using advanced materials in integrated and continuous process. More Information Egbert Müller Tosoh Bioscience GmbH Egbert Müller is the Technical Director of Tosoh Bioscience GmbH since 2001. He owns a Ph.D. in Theoretical Chemistry and a Habilitation in Bioseparations. His main research focus is on the preparation and surface modification of chromatographic support materials. He is a lecturer for “Industrial Biotechnology” at the university of Darmstadt. More Information Copyright © by acib GmbH	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line141
__label__cc	0.610795	0.389205	The Officer and the Homeless Man By jamiemanson Most Popular, Writings They were the boots viewed round the world. Early last week, a tourist took a photo of a New York City police officer helping a homeless man put on a pair of boots. The officer, it turns out, purchased the boots for the man after seeing him barefoot on the street. It was a cold night and the man’s feet were badly blistered. As he knelt before the homeless man to help him put on the new socks and boots, the officer did not know he was being photographed. The tourist, who also worked in law enforcement in her home state of Arizona, sent the photo to the NYPD, who then posted it to their official Facebook page. Within a day or two, the photo was viewed by millions, and the kind officer was identified as Larry DePrimo, a handsome, 26-year-old who lives on Long Island with his parents. The press couldn’t get enough of him, and Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Police Commissioner Ray Kelly couldn’t get enough of the good press that this one photo bestowed upon the NYPD. Having worked closely with members of New York City’s homeless population for several years, the public’s response to stories like this is, for me, a joy and a suffering. LCWR: A Radical Obedience to the Voice of God in our Time In his Holy Thursday sermon, Pope Benedict XVI made headlines for criticizing those who refuse to obey the church’s position on the ordination of celibate men. He traced his argument back to Christ’s obedience to the will of God. “His concern was for true obedience,” Benedict said, “as opposed to human caprice.” Of course, the pontiff fails to point out that Jesus was obeying God while also radically disobeying the religious leaders and laws of his time. Like so many archconservative Roman Catholics, he is confusing God with the institutional church and its doctrine. I suppose the pope is using some of this same logic in his treatment of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious. He views the sisters’ unwillingness to condemn gays and lesbians or contraception or women who feel called ordained ministry as an act of “caprice.” Recognizing the Church that We Already Are Church Reform, Most Popular, Writings On the evening of Friday, Nov. 4, NCR columnist Jamie L. Manson offered the opening night keynote address at the annual Call to Action national conference. The theme of the conference was “Living the Gospel of Love.” Below is the text of her speech. Read more about the address here. I want to begin by telling a story because stories, perhaps more than any other element of faith, are vital to sustaining religious communities. Stories pass on insights; they help to give shape to religious traditions; they recall paradigmatic moments or people; they define a community; they are vehicles for revelation; even though they may be ordinary, stories can tell us a lot about the sacred. This story, I think, does all of those things. It is a true story that happened in a place as ordinary as St. Louis and as recently as 2008. The year that stretched from the summer of 2008 to the summer of 2009 was especially bizarre for the Catholic Church in the United States (and, I know there is a lot of competition for that title). Archbishop Sheehan: How to Lose Catholics and Alienate People One of my earliest memories of church is watching my mother being forced to abstain from the Eucharist during my First Holy Communion. The scene is still vivid for me. I sat in the third pew, squirming in the frilly, miniature bridal gown and veil that we were required to wear. When I returned from my first taste of the host and sacramental wine, I turned around to watch my family receive communion. I saw my mother kneeling alone in a pew, looking at turns sad and embarrassed. The pews around her had been vacated by Catholics worthy of receiving communion. My mother kneeled in that empty pew. She was the only parent of a new communicant who didn’t receive Eucharist that day. St. Joseph’s Hospital: A Phoenix in the Desert Just days before Christians celebrated Christmas, Jesus got evicted. In a strange twist of fate, he was removed from a hospital named after his adoptive father, St. Joseph. The whole saga took place in a desert. Only this time it was in Phoenix, Ariz., rather than Egypt. Because a mother of four had her life saved under harrowing circumstances, the sacramental presence of Jesus was forced to evacuate a Catholic hospital in the Valley of the Sun. It’s a sad loss, really, since the body of Christ dwelt peacefully at St. Joseph’s for over 115 years. Why I Still Call Myself Catholic It’s the question I get more than any other: Do you still consider yourself a Catholic? It’s the critique I most frequently receive on this blog site: Just leave the church if you’re so unhappy. Spending seven years at a Protestant divinity school, first as a student and later as an employee, enriched and expanded my understanding of what it means to be Catholic. Before arriving at graduate school, I grew up on Long Island in an Italian Catholic family that rarely went to church. Though I went to religious instruction, received the sacraments with the rest of the girls and boys, and attended church on the big feast days, the influence of the institutional church (involvement in parish life, connections with priests and nuns) was distant at best. The Grace of Living on the Margins For more than 15 years now, I’ve felt starved by the Roman Catholic authorities. But lately I wonder if they haven’t done me a favor. Since the age of 14, I have felt called to the priesthood. The only real opportunity I’ve been given to discern this call was through my studies for my master of divinity degree (at a Protestant divinity school, of course). Perhaps it was the insurmountable heights of the ivory tower’s walls or the unshakable hope of feminist theology that clouded my judgment, but it wasn’t until graduation that I realized that an openly lesbian, unapologetically liberal Catholic woman with a M.Div. had somewhat limited career possibilities. Church Reform Grace on the Margins Looking back and moving forward Catholic women still don't have suffrage in their church AOC embraces reproductive justice, and other Catholics should, too March 23, 2013, WNYC NPR Radio, “All Things Considered” with Amy Eddings March 4, 2013, “Huff Post Live” March 3, 2013, “Geraldo at Large” On Changing Mandatory Celibacy: We Must be Careful What We Wish For February 26, 2013, “Huff Post Live” Progressive millennials offer the church much hope and promise Little Sisters of the Poor are the wealthy right wing's perfect avatar © Copyright Jamie Manson - Designed by Pexeto	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line145
__label__cc	0.616218	0.383782	Where do Expats Live in Switzerland? Kingpin has a variety of International Tax roles currently available in Switzerland, but where in the country is most popular with expats? Data from the Swiss Federal Statistics Office has revealed there are presently more than 2.1 million foreigners who reside in the country, which is a 2.5% increase from 2016. This equates to almost a quarter of the permanent population of the country. With this plethora of foreign expats working in the country, it raises the question ‘Where do they live?’ Although largely dependent on where work is located, expats are not short of choice when moving to Switzerland, with the country offering a wide range of areas that all have their own unique offerings. From city life to quieter, rural areas in the midst of nature, Switzerland has somewhere to suit everyone’s desires. Switzerland’s largest cities and economic hubs are unsurprisingly the country's expat hotspots. Despite being slightly more expensive than other areas, the canton of Zurich is perhaps the most popular destination for expats with it being home to the nation’s economic heart in the city of Zurich. Indeed, the city was voted 2nd in Mercer’s 2017 Quality of Living Rankings and is steeped in culture, history and striking architecture, all which acts as a huge attraction to foreign expats. On a more leisurely level, the city offers a variety of options to satisfy expats downtime and leisure needs with a range of bars and restaurants in the Old Town which is also popular with tourists. It also offers excellent transport links to surrounding areas in the Canton and the major cities of Switzerland, along with others beyond such as Amsterdam and Munich. Aside from the city, the Canton has a number of towns and villages, many of which offer larger housing options for a more affordable price compared to central Zurich. For more information about Zurich, have a look at our guide to living in the city. Switzerland’s 2nd largest city is another popular location for expats and is considered one of the best cities in Europe for living standards. The foreign expat population is a staggering 40%, making it one of the most ‘International’ areas in Europe. This multicultural vibe, coupled with the high quality of living makes the city a very attractive destination. It has a high number of good quality restaurants to sample, making it great for food lovers and is also close to the Alps for those seeking to experience some of the best ski slopes around. Find out more about the city with Kingpin International's Introduction to Geneva. ZUG – SWITZERLAND’S TAX HAVEN Zug lacks the publicity that the economic hubs of Zurich and Geneva have, making it a somewhat unknown treasure. The Canton and indeed the city of Zug has become more popular for expats in recent years due to the arrival of many multinational companies in the region, mainly due to the generous tax rates and a number of skilled workers. In fact, a 2013 report showed Zug was the best area in Switzerland for companies to relocate to. However, there is more to this part of Switzerland than lower rates of taxation. The city itself is filled with heritage, with the Old Town home to many historic buildings including the 52m high Zytturm. Along with the beautiful architecture, there are also a good number of restaurants and bars to keep expats occupied. The beautiful Lake Zug is another attraction of the Canton, with cruises a very popular activity, particularly in the summer months and excursions to the Zugerberg mountain which offers spectacular views and scenery. Although the City is becoming home to more expats, anyone living there should be aware that you are ‘expected’ to learn the local language to an intermediate B1 level. Some other low Tax areas to consider across Switzerland include the central Swiss cantons of Schwyz, Nidwalden, Lucerne and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. other Swiss Cities Although most expats typically end up in Zurich or Geneva, you will find some who live in Switzerland’s other major cities such as Lausanne, Basel, Lucerne, Lugano and Bern. Without the popularity and business centres of Zurich and Geneva, people often forget that Bern is Switzerland’s capital. Home to a UNESCO World Heritage site and lavish shopping areas, the political heart of Switzerland has a nice mix of historic value and contemporary living. All the cities in Switzerland come with good transport links and have International schooling options in proximity, both of which are favourable aspects for the majority of expats. It is also worth noting that these areas are generally less expensive than both Zurich and Geneva. Every city has its own unique twist, from the markets and River Rhine of Basel to the Italian influence in Lugano, all offering something different to any expat contemplating a relocation. If you are interested in a move to Switzerland or anywhere else in the world and would like to speak to Kingpin International about international tax opportunities, please contact a member of the team. Alternatively, please browse our current international tax vacancies. CONTACT KINGPIN BROWSE CURRENT VACANCIES Receive news and updates Registered Office: 6 New Street, Paisley, PA1 1XY, Scotland www.kingpininternational.com would like to store information (cookies) on your computer. By continuing to use this site, you consent to this.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line148
__label__cc	0.706705	0.293295	How to write a press release that will actually get read I’m not a PR person, or a career coach; I’m just a journalist who gets a lot of press releases. A LOT of press releases. If I had a dime for every press release I deleted or threw in the recycling bin, I wouldn’t need a second job. People ask me all the time for tips and tricks for making a press release stand out and so, over at The 36-Hour Day, I share the 10 things that make me read a press release instead of tossing it in the trash (or deleting it from my inbox). Here are my tips, in a nutshell: 1.) Pitch it to the right person. Make sure you’re sending your press release to the right place. I write a regular column about gear and gadgets for family travel; any press releases about exotic destinations, fabulous cruises, expensive resorts, or romantic getaways to other countries go right into the trash. 2.) Spell everything right. Especially the name of the person to whom you’re sending the press release. Use spell check, of course, but be sure to proofread carefully as well ("so" and "sew" go through spell check just fine, but aren't interchangeable). And make sure you get the name right; any press releases I get addressed to "Lyla" or "Lydia" get thrown out. 3.) Get to the point, and keep it short. Stick with who, what, where, why, and how — who you are, what you’re pitching, where it is, why it’s significant, and how to get more information. People are not going to look through a three-page press release, they're not going to click on an attachment, and they aren't going to bother to sift through a lot of chit-chat to find out what you're pitching. 4.) Spotlight what’s different or important, and highlight how it fits into the writer’s beat. If there's something really unique about your product or event, say so! If it's a reoccurring event, mention how long it's been running; if it's the first of it's kind, mention that. If someone well-known will be there, say so. If it would provide a service that's perfect for a particular demographic that the writer is trying to reach (working moms, families who travel, foodies, whatever), point it out. 5.) Make sure your contact info is easy to find. Don't slip it at the bottom of the press release, and don't bury it in the middle of the text. Put it at the top of the file with the word "contact" next to it. 6.) Keep it clean and professional-looking. Don’t clutter your press release up with graphics and fancy, funky fonts. If it's hard to read, or if it looks sloppy, it'll go in the trash. 7.) Don’t overload the reader with information. If you're pitching a product, it's OK to include a photo, but don't attach a slideshow to the press release; if you have some great photos or testimonials or additional information, direct the reader to your website. 8.) Offer to send samples or provide access. If you’re pitching a product, a legitimate reporter won’t review it if he or she has never tried it before. Be willing to send a sample -- and if you want it back, be sure to include a self-addressed, postage-paid envelope or box. If you're pitching an event, be sure to mention if there's a press screening, a discounted or free pass for whomever you want to cover it, or any after- or before-hours availability for interviews and research. They may not take you up on it, but if you make it easy for them to access information, they're more likely to give you the coverage you need. 9.) Don’t be cute or gimmicky. It’s not memorable, it's just irritating. Don't sprinkle the press release with glitter, douse it in perfume, put it on a little keychain, include a special party hat, or package it in anything that's difficult to open and read. It'll go right in the trash. If you want to grab someone's attention, do it by providing the information they need quickly and easily. 10.) Don’t push it. If no one responds to your email right away, send a follow up a few days later, but don't keep emailing and, for goodness sake, keep the phone calls to a minimum -- not only is the writer probably fielding other pitches, he or she is also trying to, you know, write. If you must call, the first thing out of your mouth after "hello" and your name should be, "Do you have a minute to chat?" Above all: Do your research. A few minutes on the internet will tell you whether you've targeted the right writer, whether the publication is a good fit for your client, and whether the reporter you're about to reach out to has already written about whatever you're trying to pitch. Posted by LMAlphonse at 4:09 PM Labels: Career, Freelance Writing, The 36-Hour Day, Work It Mom, Work-Life Balance	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line155
__label__wiki	0.99267	0.99267	14th Air Force Redesignated as Space Operations Command DECEMBER 31, 2019 – By order of Secretary of the Air Force Barbara M. Barrett, effective Dec. 20, Fourteenth Air Force was officially redesignated as Space Operations Command. Air Force military and civilian personnel previously assigned to the Fourteenth Air Force are now assigned to SPOC by virtue of the redesignation action. The SPOC directly supports the U.S. Space Force’s mission to protect the interests of the United States in space; deter aggression in, from and to space; and conduct space operations. On Dec. 20, President Donald Trump signed the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, officially establishing the USSF as the sixth branch of the U.S. armed forces. In accordance with a redesignation memorandum for record signed by Barrett, Maj. Gen. John E. Shaw, former Fourteenth Air Force commander, was redesignated as commander of Space Operations Command; in addition to Shaw’s role as U.S. Space Command’s Combined Force Space Component commander. The SPOC provides space capabilities such as space domain awareness, space electronic warfare, satellite communications, missile warning, nuclear detonation detection, environmental monitoring, military intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance, navigation warfare, command and control, and positioning, navigation and timing, on behalf of the USSF for USSPACECOM and other combatant commands. “It is an honor and privilege to lead the U.S. Space Force’s Space Operations Command. Every day, all around the planet, people count on us to make a difference – to provide a space-enabled combat edge to the warfighters that keep our country, our allies, and our partners safe,” Shaw said. “We will not let them down.” Additional details about SPOC will be available in early 2020 – highlighting Space Operations Command’s critical roles and responsibilities in support of national security objectives. By Maj. Cody Chiles, Space Operations Command Public Affairs Trump Signs Law Establishing U.S. Space Force Space Force Activates First Field Command Space Force Flag Unveiled at White House Pence Swears In First Chief of Space Operations at… Department of Defense Establishes U.S. Space Command SecAF, Deputy SecDef Meet with Space Leaders, Joint… Filed Under: Air Force, News	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line156
__label__wiki	0.502994	0.502994	With over 30 years of emergency response experience, Paul listens to medical professionals and public health experts. As our State Representative, Paul helped mobilize an emergency response to protect us from the toxins that infected Salem's drinking water. During COVID-19, he will make sure frontline workers have sick leave, testing, and PPE, make sure our small businesses have what they need to stay afloat, and work to make sure more families get their unemployment checks. Like all of us, Paul wants things to go back to normal but knows we need to focus on resolving the health crisis so that we can begin restarting our economy. As our community recovers from this public health crisis, he will fight to make sure no one gets left behind, especially frontline workers, families, seniors, and small businesses. Paul will prioritize our schools and education funding. That’s why he voted for the Student Success Act, which provides millions of dollars to our local school districts in our area. He’ll keep fighting to protect funding for our classrooms, improve graduation rates, and to expand access to mental health supports in our schools. Paul knows that the climate crisis is real. He is working to protect our air and water, stop dirty coal from being transported through our area, and prevent climate change Gun Sense Paul knows how important it is to keep our communities safe from gun violence. He has advocated for common-sense gun reforms in the legislature. He led the way on keeping guns out of the hands of domestic abusers and keeping our kids safe from school shootings. Paul will stand up for affordable and accessible healthcare for our community and reign in the cost of prescription drugs. As someone who lost his grandmother and mother at an early age because they couldn't afford good health care, Paul believes we need to make health care affordable for more Oregonians. That's why he helped protect healthcare for over a million Oregonians who otherwise couldn't afford it and made sure every Oregon child was covered. Paul believes that everyone deserves a safe place to call home. He knows that too many people are struggling to make rent and mortgage payments, especially during this crisis. In Salem, he will fight for emergency relief to keep people in their homes, resources, and medical care for people experiencing homelessness and affordable housing investments to stabilize rents. Paul is committed to dismantling racial injustice here in Oregon. Communities of color are disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, on top of generations of explicit and systemic racism and institutional violence. In Salem, Paul will fight for equity and civil rights for Black Oregonians and under-served communities. Paul believes healthcare is a right, and he will work to protect access to birth control and abortion. He voted for a bill that would provide paid family leave to workers after the birth of a child or care for a sick loved one, and he passed a bill to increase workplace protections against sexual harassment. Paul is the pro-choice candidate for HD 20. Small Business Recovery Paul will grow jobs by continuing his support for small businesses and investing in job skills training so every Oregonian can earn a decent living. He knows we need to ensure that targeted COVID recovery dollars go to small businesses, not big corporations. As a member of the Joint Coronavirus Committee, Paul helped work through the bureaucracy and cut through red tape to get people the answers they needed. As our community recovers from this public health crisis, he will fight for an economy that doesn't leave anyone behind, making sure workers have good wages and benefits. Standing up for Working Families Paul will stand up for working Oregonians by investing in family-wage jobs and critical worker protections. In this uncertain time, he will stand firm in her commitment to working families by fighting for safe working conditions, fair wages & benefits, paid family, and sick leave. We also need to make sure all frontline and essential workers have PPE and COVID testing. As our community recovers from this public health crisis, we can’t leave anyone behind. Paul knows that the Oregon Employment Department was not equipped to handle the influx of claims caused by COVID-19. It’s completely unacceptable that families have been waiting months for the benefits they are owed. State government must do better. That’s why Paul is calling on the department to immediately process all backlogged claims, improve communication with out-of-work Oregonians, and provide a firm timeline for computer system improvements to make sure this never happened again. For 20 years, Paul served in active combat zones in the Air Force and Oregon Air National Guard before becoming Oregon's point-man on veterans' issues. He understands the struggles veterans face when they return home. That's why Paul led the charge on Measure 96 in 2016, which permanently dedicated 1.5 percent of total lottery funds generated to veterans’ services and outreach. In Salem, Paul chairs the House Committee on Veterans and Emergency Preparedness, the only committee in the House of Representatives that has an equal number of Democrats and Republicans.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line158
__label__cc	0.736635	0.263365	Holiday Gift Idea: Guitar Hero Live #Sponsored *Disclosure: I received complimentary samples to facilitate my review. No other compensation has been provided, and all opinions are 100% honest and have not been influenced in any way.* We are a very musical family. My Dad is basically a Rock Star here in the NE Ohio area, and plays keyboards, guitar, and even dabbles in vocals a bit. He's actually in a great Heart tribute band, and going to see him play is a definite treat! I also have an Uncle in a band, a cousin that can sing her butt off, and my 5 year old, Sophie, wants to be a singer and performer when she grows up. Music runs in her blood, after all! So when we learned that one of our favorite games, Guitar Hero, is BACK, we couldn't have been more excited. We were sad when these games stopped being produced, and we still play the older games often. So naturally, we were thrilled to be able to check out Guitar Hero Live! (This new game is available for the PS3, PS4, XBOX 360, XBOX ONE, Wii U, and Tablets) “Unleash your inner rock star. Guitar Hero Live is here. FreeStyleGames have reinvented the legendary Guitar Hero franchise, with two innovative new gameplay modes and an all-new guitar controller. GH Live mode puts you onstage, looking out: you get a heart-stopping first-person perspective as a real crowd reacts to the notes you play. Or switch over to GHTV – an always-on music video network, where you can play along in real time, discover new music, and challenge friends around the world.” We received Guitar Hero Live for the XBOX 360. Strangely enough, I ended up winning an XBOX ONE in an instant sweep, but that's not here yet....So XBOX 360 it is! This game comes complete with the game disc, a shiny, sleek guitar, and a USB receiver for the guitar. Please note: This game is VERY different than previous versions, and you CANNOT use your older model Guitar Hero guitars. Be sure to pick up a bundle pack, which will include either 1 or 2 guitars. You will need the new guitar controller to play this game. The graphics and experience are totally upgraded in Guitar Hero Live! You can see actual band members and real people in the crowds! How cool is that?! Check out this trailer to see the difference for yourself! Doesn't that look amazing?! We thought so, too! Now I do have to say, Guitar Hero has features and gameplay that are quite different than previous versions. It's About to Get Real: FreeStyleGames have reinvented the legendary Guitar Hero franchise, with two innovative new gameplay modes and an all-new guitar controller. You Are The Rock Star: Playing music in front of a real crowd is like no other experience. With the new GH Live first-person view, YOU'LL take center stage like never before. Rock Real Crowds with Real Reactions: Feel the rush of performing in a real band, in front of real crowds who react in real time to your performance. Awesome Music, Epic Venues: In GH Live, you'll take the stage in a variety of venues. Experience it all from the intimacy of a small club or the main stage of a massive outdoor festival. The Guitar Controller: The guitar controller was redesigned for the best gameplay across all skill levels. I absolutely LOVE the way you can choose your songs. It's set up like a satellite radio station, so offerings change up quite a bit. Looking for a certain genre? Go to that "channel" and see what you can find! The only negative to this set up is that you cannot go back and play a favorite song over and over again, like my kids prefer to do. There are tons of additional songs you can download, and the list is being added to constantly. However, the fact that my kids can't play "The Lazy Song" over and over and over has proven to be a little bit of a buzz-kill. Gameplay is also pretty different from previous versions of the game. It's MUCH more challenging! This is a good thing, or a bad thing, depending on who you ask. My husband and I like the added challenge, and the fact that it's more authentic to actual instrument playing. The kids? Well, even on the easier settings, it's taking them a while to get used to it. In time, I am sure they will master this, but for now, it's going to take quite a bit of practice. My husband said it best when he said that to play the more difficult settings, it's beneficial to be an actual musician. (Thank goodness he's a bassist!) Overall, we are definitely loving Guitar Hero Live. The real crowds, improved graphics, and HUGE selection of music is a wonderful addition to this classic game. Please note that since the method of strumming and play is different, it will take some getting used to. More than likely, you won't be able to play perfectly right out of the box. It is, however, tons of fun, even if it is a bit more challenging. Okay, a LOT more challenging. We would definitely recommend Guitar Hero Live to any gamers, musicians, or wannabe rock stars out there! It's loads of fun, and who knows? Maybe it will inspire some folks to pick up a real guitar once they get the skills down! You can purchase Guitar Hero Live on Amazon and wherever video games are sold. Rachel link Great! So excited to hear! The Web Newly Crunchy Mama Of 3 Be My Friend! PR Friendly Mama! I'm Brandy, a happily married, proud mama of two munchkins and a teen. You can read more about me HERE. If you're interested in building a working relationship, please feel free to e-mail me at: NewlyCrunchyMamaOf3@gmail.com Links We Love :	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line163
__label__cc	0.727732	0.272268	For many people, retirement income may come from a variety of sources. Here’s a quick review of the six main sources: Social Security is the government-administered retirement income program. Workers become eligible after paying Social Security taxes for 10 years. Benefits are based on each worker’s 35 highest earning years. If there are fewer than 35 years of earnings, non-earning years are averaged in as zero. In 2019, the average monthly benefit was estimated at $1,461.1 Personal Savings and Investments Personal savings and investments outside of retirement plans can provide income during retirement. Retirees tend to go for investments that offer monthly guaranteed income over potential returns.2 Traditional IRAs have been around since 1974. Contributions you make to a traditional IRA may be fully or partially deductible, depending on your individual circumstances. Under the SECURE Act, in most circumstances, once you reach age 72, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Withdrawals from Traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income and, if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty. You may continue to contribute to a Traditional IRA past age 70½ under the SECURE Act as long as you meet the earned-income requirement. Roth IRAs were created in 1997. Roth IRA contributions cannot be made by taxpayers with high incomes. To qualify for the tax-free and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings, Roth IRA distributions must meet a five-year holding requirement and occur after age 59½. Tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals also can be taken under certain other circumstances, such as a result of the owner’s death. The original Roth IRA owner is not required to take minimum annual withdrawals. Many workers are eligible to participate in a defined-contribution plan such as a 401(k), 403(b), or 457 plan. Eligible workers can set aside a portion of their pre-tax income into an account, which then accumulates, tax deferred. Under the SECURE Act, in most circumstances, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plan in the year you turn 72. Withdrawals from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plans are taxed as ordinary income, and if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty. Defined Benefit Plans Defined benefit plans are “traditional” pensions—employer–sponsored plans under which benefits, rather than contributions, are defined. Benefits are normally based on factors such as salary history and duration of employment. The number of traditional pension plans has dropped dramatically during the past 30 years. Continued Employment In a recent survey, 68% of workers stated that they planned to keep working in retirement. In contrast, only 26% of retirees reported that continued employment was a major or minor source of retirement income.3 Expected Vs. Actual Sources of Income in Retirement What workers anticipate in terms of retirement income sources may differ considerably from what retirees actually experience. Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2019 Retirement Confidence Survey 2. Insured Retirement Institute, April 2018 3. Employee Benefits Research Institute, 2018 A change in your mindset during retirement may drive changes to your portfolio. Ridgeline Financial Partners LLC 60 Avon Meadow Lane Avon, CT 06001 matt@ridgelinefp.com Securities offered through Kestra Investment Services, LLC (Kestra IS), member FINRA/SIPC. Investment Advisory Services offered through Kestra Advisory Services, LLC (Kestra AS), an affiliate of Kestra IS. Kestra IS and Kestra AS are not affiliated with Ridgeline Financial Partners or any other entity listed herein. Investor Disclosures: https://bit.ly/KF-Disclosures This site is published for residents of the United States only. Registered Representatives of Kestra IS and Investment Advisor Representatives of Kestra AS may only conduct business with residents of the states and jurisdictions in which they are properly registered. Therefore, a response to a request for information may be delayed. Not all of the products and services referenced on this site are available in every state and through every representative or advisor listed. Neither Kestra IS or Kestra AS provides legal or tax advice. For additional information, please contact our Compliance department at (737) 443-2582.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line165
__label__cc	0.73598	0.26402	peoplealerts.com peoplealerts.com Privacy Policy At peoplealerts.com, the privacy of our visitors is of extreme importance to us. This privacy policy document outlines the types of personal information that is received and collected by peoplealerts.com and how it is used. Like many other Web sites, peoplealerts.com makes use of log files. The information inside the log files includes internet protocol ( IP ) addresses, type of browser, Internet Service Provider ( ISP ), date/time stamp, referring/exit pages, and number of clicks to analyze trends, administer the site, track user's movement around the site, and gather demographic information. IP addresses, and other such information are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable. Google, as a third party vendor, uses cookies to serve ads on peoplealerts.com. Google's use of the DART cookie enables it to serve ads to your users based on their visit to peoplealerts.com and other sites on the Internet. Our third-party ad servers or ad networks use technology to the advertisements and links that appear on peoplealerts.com send directly to your browsers. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. Other technologies ( such as cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons ) may also be used by the third-party ad networks to measure the effectiveness of their advertisements and / or to personalize the advertising content that you see. peoplealerts.com has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers. You should consult the respective privacy policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information on their practices as well as for instructions about how to opt-out of certain practices. peoplealerts.com's privacy policy does not apply to, and we cannot control the activities of, such other advertisers or web sites. peoplealerts.com \| Privacy Policy	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line168
__label__wiki	0.760953	0.760953	EarlyStart Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 16, 2013 5:00pm-8:00pm EDT expression of congressional intent. and yet we were just told two weeks ago by the pentagon that you intend to buy another 30 additional mi-17 helicopters, ignoring the congressional intent that was put both in the authorization and the appropriation bill. you're saying you're going to use f.i. 2012 afghan security forces funds. but it gets worse. those -- that delivery is not going to be made until 2016 at the latest. two years after we have withdrawn. and we don't know what the situation's going to be in 2016 in afghan -- in afghanistan. so, you know, with all the tens of billions of dollars we've put into afghanistan, this is a tough one to justify. can you address that? >> i'm going to ask the chairman to respond as well. very light of the generous comment you made about me, i'm sorry that the first question has to be a negative one. but -- >> we got to get back to business at some point. [laughter] you understand it. i didn't want to you say anything. >> it's a hell of a reminder. >> yeah, well, you know, it's a tough league. >> thank you. i understand exactly what you're saying expression of congressional intent. and yet we were just told two weeks ago by the pentagon that you intend to buy another 30 additional mi-17 helicopters, ignoring the congressional intent that was put both in the authorization and the appropriation bill. you're saying you're going to use f.i. 2012 afghan security forces funds. but it gets worse. those -- that delivery is not going to be made until 2016 at the latest. two years after we have withdrawn. and we don't know what the situation's... office spaces in the pentagon. i have said before that of the 800,000 or so that could be affected, only about 16% of those are in the national capital region. these aren't a bunch of white collar guys out there waiting to be furloughed. these are men and women across america. secondly, we have been doing our best to avoid it. as you know, the secretary of defense announced that that from an initial target of 22 days, we have been able to reduce that because of the reprogram authority to about 14 days, and he has challenged us to keep looking. i don't know whether we are going to find the opportunity to avoid it entirely, but we would certainly like to do so. >> you think 14 is about the most squeeze you are going to get, or do you see it going down to about a week? >> i don't know, but i do know that the secretary has about on us to basis asked determine whether 14 is the number. >> do you have a date when you have to make a decision? >> well, probably -- the date certain would probably coincide with his strategic choices management review, which comes due by about the end of may. office spaces in the pentagon. i have said before that of the 800,000 or so that could be affected, only about 16% of those are in the national capital region. these aren't a bunch of white collar guys out there waiting to be furloughed. these are men and women across america. secondly, we have been doing our best to avoid it. as you know, the secretary of defense announced that that from an initial target of 22 days, we have been able to reduce that because of the reprogram authority to about... Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 30, 2013 10:00am-1:01pm EDT spectrum of options. as early as last year, i asked the pentagon, our military and intelligence officials to prepare for me what options might be available. detailsot go into the of what those options might be, but clearly that would be an toalation of the threat the security of the international community, our allies, and the united states. that means there might be some options we would not otherwise exercise that we would strongly consider. >> on benghazi, pieces of the story have been litigated. there are people in your state department saying they have been blocked from coming forward and one to tell their story. >> i'm not familiar with the notion that anybody has been blocked from testifying. so what i will do is i will find out what exactly you are referring to. what i have been very clear about from the start is that our job with respect to benghazi has been to find out exactly what happened, to make sure that u.s. embassies not just in the middle east but around the world are safe and secure, and to bring those to carry it out to justice. but i will find out. >> they s spectrum of options. as early as last year, i asked the pentagon, our military and intelligence officials to prepare for me what options might be available. detailsot go into the of what those options might be, but clearly that would be an toalation of the threat the security of the international community, our allies, and the united states. that means there might be some options we would not otherwise exercise that we would strongly consider. >> on benghazi, pieces of the story have... Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 2, 2013 10:00am-1:00pm EDT anti- terrorism and homeland defense director at the pentagon. . formerhoenix solutions decker th former deputy assistant secretary for critical infrastructure protection. some of theecognize other members of the task force that have arrived at this report. i am pleased to release the comprehensive report of the national school shield initiative. this report includes everything tom best practices technology to review of surveillance and includes the recommendations that i will present later in this presentation. theseer three months, experts have engaged in the assessments of multiple schools of sizes, of composition. assessments and evaluations of best practices and vulnerability ies. have conducted interviews with people knowledgeable in the field. the president of the national association of school security and a commander of school security in the philadelphia school district. thank you for joining us. .ne of the experts in the field some ofo go through the findings from the school assessments. we will present our recommendations from the task force. we will have a comment fro anti- terrorism and homeland defense director at the pentagon. . formerhoenix solutions decker th former deputy assistant secretary for critical infrastructure protection. some of theecognize other members of the task force that have arrived at this report. i am pleased to release the comprehensive report of the national school shield initiative. this report includes everything tom best practices technology to review of surveillance and includes the recommendations that i will present later in... Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 29, 2013 12:00pm-5:01pm EDT meeting taking place at the pentagon. .ive at 1:55 eastern at the white house this afternoon, president obama is expected to announce his choice of charlotte north carolina mayor anthony foxx to be the next transportation secretary. if confirmed, he will be placed outgoing secretary ray lahood. we will have the personal announcement live starting at 2:10 eastern on our companion network c-span3. at 7:00 p.m., the debate for the first congressional seat in south carolina. former republican governor mark sanford and elizabeth bush -- busch. it is expected to focus on federal expending, gun legislation and a number of other key issues. are trying to generate as a government and you are looking for ways to generate new revenue, silicon valley has the answers. if you are trying to explore and ignite better innovation within your mpany's, silicon valley has the answers. and then from an entrepreneur standpoint, how is entrepreneurship different than in other places, which is distinctly is? so much is often based on failure and learning from one's experiences. but it is also recognizing that y meeting taking place at the pentagon. .ive at 1:55 eastern at the white house this afternoon, president obama is expected to announce his choice of charlotte north carolina mayor anthony foxx to be the next transportation secretary. if confirmed, he will be placed outgoing secretary ray lahood. we will have the personal announcement live starting at 2:10 eastern on our companion network c-span3. at 7:00 p.m., the debate for the first congressional seat in south carolina. former republican... face hackers trying to gain access to the pentagon and our nation's critical infrastructure. according to the u.s. government accountability office, the number of u.s. organizations believed to have been hacked has dramatically increased in just the last six years. back in 2006, there are about 5,500 separate attacks noted compared to 2012, 48,500. as of january 2013, u.s. government report found cyberattacks and inconcurrent resolutions rose 52% between 2011 and 2012. that's in a one-year period, mr. speaker. cyberattack and weapons will likely continue to be used by a greater number of countries and other actors as a form of warfare. between 20 and 30 states already have the capability to launch cyberwarfare, including china, russia, iran, and north korea, and others as has been stated was a part of the debate on this bill. fortunately these attacks have so far been thwarted by our intelligence for significant and lasting damage. but it would be unwise to choose to act alone in the face of the growing fact that cybercriminality. in order to produce effective outcomes, the intelligenc face hackers trying to gain access to the pentagon and our nation's critical infrastructure. according to the u.s. government accountability office, the number of u.s. organizations believed to have been hacked has dramatically increased in just the last six years. back in 2006, there are about 5,500 separate attacks noted compared to 2012, 48,500. as of january 2013, u.s. government report found cyberattacks and inconcurrent resolutions rose 52% between 2011 and 2012. that's in a one-year... Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 16, 2013 10:00am-12:44pm EDT made to these american heroes along with families and loved ones seeking closure. the pentagon recently announced plans to furlough as many as 800,000 federal civilian workers under the budget control act. these workers will be required to take 14 unpaid days off between now and october. as a result, jpac employees will have to take at least one furlough day a week with no exceptions this will significantly impact their accounting recovery teams which are deployed on operations that last between 35 and 45 days. the p.o.w.-m.i.a. accounting and recovery support act will allow jpac civilian employees to continue these critical missions without unnecessary disruption or delay. i urge my colleagues to join me and representative lynch in supporting this act. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman's time has expired. for what purpose does the gentleman from kansas rise? >> to address the house for one minute and revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> over 100 kansans traveled across the country to take part in t made to these american heroes along with families and loved ones seeking closure. the pentagon recently announced plans to furlough as many as 800,000 federal civilian workers under the budget control act. these workers will be required to take 14 unpaid days off between now and october. as a result, jpac employees will have to take at least one furlough day a week with no exceptions this will significantly impact their accounting recovery teams which are deployed on operations that last... pentagon, in the administration and people in congress. so, yes, part of our job is to continue to explain the role we play in this world. if you look historically, you will find, that, in fact, part of the reason for our success has been extended periods, many, many decades during which there has been strong support for darpa. in republican administrations and democratic administrations in times when budgets were tightened and in times when budgets were not so tight, and i think it is because -- i'm thrilled there is a strong and clear understanding broadly about how important it is that we take a slice of our investment and make these bets on ideas that could be trans formed. so i actually think in the complex world we are living in today we need what darpa does more than ever. and if you look at the support we get in the department and on capitol hill, it certainly reflects that. >> i was hoping you would talk more about challenges and competition in darpa, whether that has been affected by sequestration. >> the challenges. that has been a new mechanism to engage with the commun pentagon, in the administration and people in congress. so, yes, part of our job is to continue to explain the role we play in this world. if you look historically, you will find, that, in fact, part of the reason for our success has been extended periods, many, many decades during which there has been strong support for darpa. in republican administrations and democratic administrations in times when budgets were tightened and in times when budgets were not so tight, and i think it is because... substantial spending for many years. the pentagon was left in charge of managing postwar iraq and defense secretary donald rumsfeld famously underestimated the resources needed to stabilize the country. when lieutenant general jay gardner told secretary rumsfeld that the united states might need to spend billions of dollars to rebuild iraq, rumsfeld responded, quote, if you think we're going to spend $1 billion of our money over there, you are sadly mistaken. well, of course, it was mr. rumsfeld who was sadly mistaken. and the american public who was sadly misled and the iraqi people who sadly suffered from the chaos and destruction unleashed by ideologues who used iraq as a laboratory for a light footprint war. mr. speaker, unfortunately those lost opportunities and tragic mistakes are not behind us. i'd like to take a moment now and yield to my friend and colleague, a woman who has consistently been against the war and has stood for peace all of her life, congresswoman sheila jackson lee. i'd like to yield her as much ime as she may consume. jole jackson lee let me thank -- ms. jackson substantial spending for many years. the pentagon was left in charge of managing postwar iraq and defense secretary donald rumsfeld famously underestimated the resources needed to stabilize the country. when lieutenant general jay gardner told secretary rumsfeld that the united states might need to spend billions of dollars to rebuild iraq, rumsfeld responded, quote, if you think we're going to spend $1 billion of our money over there, you are sadly mistaken. well, of course, it was mr.... national intelligence director of the obama administration. a pentagon statement that it would be an accurate to suggest that north korea has a developed and tested nuclear weapon. and in any case, he added the statement read by the member is not an intelligence community assessment. yeah, the piece is worth reading. we can form our own conclusions. but i think it is a very serious issue. regardless of who has helped them develop this capability, they have nuclear weapons at this point. they just do not have the deliverable capability. host: the senator is talking about something in the review and outlook section of the "wall street journal." u.s. officials could underestimating the nuclear threat. there are reports that former basketball player dennis rodman says he would like to go back to north korea. what is the pop-culture element of this? is there a danger? is this good for america to have a citizen going back and forth? is it bad for america? does it matter? dennisi would hope that rodman wants to go back because -- since he was over there a few weeks ago, he has learned so mu national intelligence director of the obama administration. a pentagon statement that it would be an accurate to suggest that north korea has a developed and tested nuclear weapon. and in any case, he added the statement read by the member is not an intelligence community assessment. yeah, the piece is worth reading. we can form our own conclusions. but i think it is a very serious issue. regardless of who has helped them develop this capability, they have nuclear weapons at this point. they... Public Affairs : CSPAN : April 26, 2013 9:00am-2:01pm EDT 10 fingers. there are many many holes than 10. we've already plugged the hole on the pentagon. we've already plugged the hole on food inspectors the usda. today we plug another one. sooner or later we have to recognize the dike itself is being undermined. and it's being undermined by something called sequestration. the time has come for congress to put aside partisan rangeling. it's time for the majority to show leadership and appoint conferees to a budget so we can actually work this out in a sensible way, not a meat ax wreckless way and get things done for the american people. sequestration is not rocket science, but it will remain beyond us if we continue the partisan fighting we've had in this house. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the chair lays before the house the following personal requests. the clerk: leaves of absence requested for mr. jones of north carolina for today and mrs. with a lorsky of indiana for -- mrs. walorski of indiana for today. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the requests are granted. for what purpose does the gentleman from texas seek re 10 fingers. there are many many holes than 10. we've already plugged the hole on the pentagon. we've already plugged the hole on food inspectors the usda. today we plug another one. sooner or later we have to recognize the dike itself is being undermined. and it's being undermined by something called sequestration. the time has come for congress to put aside partisan rangeling. it's time for the majority to show leadership and appoint conferees to a budget so we can actually work this out in a... Headline News : RT : April 25, 2013 2:00am-2:29am EDT by RT pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor ed. on top of my name zack was only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainees called wanted to die otto hunger and thirst behind covered cameras and followed and the question many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will it change something in washington i'm going to. bring in your in-depth coverage of the developing crisis agung tanabe as you can always have told website home for a full timeline of the vote step and in the meantime coming out here on all scene just a couple of minutes we'll look at the brothers believed to be behind the boston bombings and the way that trade in the global media after the break. the international airport in the very heart of moscow. watching r.t. live from moscow great to have you with us millions of russians are waiting to see their leader of faith some tough questions posed by the public in his annual pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor ed. on top of my name zack was only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainees called wanted to die otto hunger and thirst behind covered cameras and followed and the question many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will it change something in... research wing of the pentagon the crusher for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we can reduce quite extraordinary piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine that can hummed over submarines that's b.s. to this thing and then the planes in there as well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison say the u.s. instead leading the way with this well we've got be a systems is on their second one we've got the something cold which is going to be tested. this year distributes but a year and a half behind development but that's fully a thomas intercontinental combat aircraft but when it comes to fully autonomous weapons we're not there yet but they. say that the more time this allows the possum the more money this planet into developing this type of technology the place we must find. the world's reality. say. i now have some more news making headlines around the world this hour five people have been killed and one p research wing of the pentagon the crusher for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we can reduce quite extraordinary piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine that can hummed over submarines that's b.s. to this thing and then the planes in there as well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison say the u.s.... really not clear what can change the status quo at this point an advisor for the pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainees called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered camors end of quote and the question many now ask is what if someone really are is in this hunger strike will it change something in washington i'm going to. underscore so we're bringing you our in-depth coverage of the developing crisis gone tunnel going head to our web site for a full timeline of events. meantime coming up here on the scene just a couple of minutes we'll look at the brothers believed to be behind the boston bombings and the way that portrayed in the global media do stay with us for the back after the break. the international airport in the very heart of moscow. this is also you coming to life for mo really not clear what can change the status quo at this point an advisor for the pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainees called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered camors end of quote and the... Headline News : RT : April 25, 2013 6:00pm-6:29pm EDT pentagon story ramped up online surveillance or perhaps the most honest in this recent revelation though you know it's a vocal about the dangers implication of such but how soon when the worst of the bill is going to be practiced entirely in secret but i guess that's the obama administration's m.o. violate our rights first hot either violations of the law second. amidst a last week's barrage of violence and trapping all eyes were on them one such story from the associated press is official twitter account one o seven pm on april twenty third twenty following the story news breaking explosions in the white house and brought obama is injured cult thousands of real and some of them in. minutes later the report was false when he. had been hacked and it quickly redaction the story but not quickly enough for the sake of checking this out. top suddenly plummeted in just two minutes of the tweet crowd just as quickly as news to bunt this reveals just how integrated social media has become with the iconic trends so joining me now to discuss the story and more financial news is parry and br pentagon story ramped up online surveillance or perhaps the most honest in this recent revelation though you know it's a vocal about the dangers implication of such but how soon when the worst of the bill is going to be practiced entirely in secret but i guess that's the obama administration's m.o. violate our rights first hot either violations of the law second. amidst a last week's barrage of violence and trapping all eyes were on them one such story from the associated press is official... research wing of the pentagon has got the course are for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we can reduce quite extraordinary piece of technology they also project which is go developed an autonomous submarine that can over submarines that cynthia's to testing and then the way in some there is well it's not and they get robots that they're kind of would fall over in a battle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison to say the u.s. instead leading the way with this well we've got to be a systems is on their second one we've got the something cold with us that's going to be tested. this year destry a spot a year and a half behind development but that's a fully a thomas intercontinental combat aircraft but when it comes to fully autonomous weapons we're not there yet but there is arguing for the ban say that the more time this allows the possum the moment either plowed into developing this type of technology a place three miles from five six ten floors reality therapy a london. next opinions clash and debates research wing of the pentagon has got the course are for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we can reduce quite extraordinary piece of technology they also project which is go developed an autonomous submarine that can over submarines that cynthia's to testing and then the way in some there is well it's not and they get robots that they're kind of would fall over in a battle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in... small tiny tiny. i mean the development saw the the top of us the research wing of the pentagon the courser for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we try to reduce quite an extraordinary piece of technology there also of a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine that can go over submarines that cynthia's to testing and then the millions and there is well it's not a good robots kind of would fold over in a bubble and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison to say the u.s. instead leading the way with this well we've got to be a systems as on their second one we've got the something called the toronto says going to be tested. this year industry of spent a year and a half behind development but that's a fully a thomas intercontinental combat aircraft but when it comes to fully autonomous weapons we're not there yet but there is all getting through the ban say that the most time this allows the pos and the moment a this planet into developing this type of technology a place three miles from f small tiny tiny. i mean the development saw the the top of us the research wing of the pentagon the courser for instance us a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we try to reduce quite an extraordinary piece of technology there also of a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine that can go over submarines that cynthia's to testing and then the millions and there is well it's not a good robots kind of would fold over in a bubble and this is being launched... tank or a tank. i mean the developments or the the dark of us the research wing of the pentagon has got the pressure for instance as a research form for this and the seven and a half six we read is quite short piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed on the thomas submarine and on the other submarines but these two this thing and then the koreans and there is well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison to say the u.s. instead leading the way with this well we've got be a systems is on their second one we've got the something called which run this is going to be tested. this year destry a spin a year and a half behind development but that's an affiliate on the center continental combat air but when it comes to fully autonomous weapons we're not there yet but there is arguing for the ban say that the more time this allowed to pass and the more money this ploughed into developing this type of technology the place we march from science fiction towards reality. tank or a tank. i mean the developments or the the dark of us the research wing of the pentagon has got the pressure for instance as a research form for this and the seven and a half six we read is quite short piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed on the thomas submarine and on the other submarines but these two this thing and then the koreans and there is well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a... for those for your request we wouldn't even know about the extent of the pentagon already ramped up on line surveillance with none the wiser what's perhaps the most ironic in this recent revelation. you know even so vocal about the dangers implication of cispa passing when the worst of the bill has already been practiced entirely in secret but i guess that's the obama administration's imo violate our rights first codified those violations into law second. amidst last week's barrage of violence and tragedy all eyes are on the media for breaking news one such story from the associated press is official twitter account one o seven pm on april twenty third tweeted the following disturbing news said bricky two explosions in the white house and brock obama is injured while thousands of retreats instantly followed only find out minutes later that the report was completely false and he revealed that their account had been hacked in the quick redact of the story but not quickly enough for the economy to take a hit check this out the dow jones which was up suddenly plummeted within just two m for those for your request we wouldn't even know about the extent of the pentagon already ramped up on line surveillance with none the wiser what's perhaps the most ironic in this recent revelation. you know even so vocal about the dangers implication of cispa passing when the worst of the bill has already been practiced entirely in secret but i guess that's the obama administration's imo violate our rights first codified those violations into law second. amidst last week's barrage of violence... developments are the the darpa thus the research wing of the pentagon has got the question for instance as a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we've probably read it's quite extraordinary piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine and over submarines that's two testing and then there's some there as well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have to play in comparison to say the u.s. and leading the way with this well we've got to be a systems is on their second one we've got to something called which is going to be tested. this year industry of spent a year and a half behind development but that's a fully autonomous intercontinental combat aircraft but when it comes to fully autonomous weapons we're not there yet but they. say that the more time this allowed to pass and the more money this play. add into developing this type of technology a closely mugs from fine fiction for its reality. london . and up next abby martin delves into the boston developments are the the darpa thus the research wing of the pentagon has got the question for instance as a research platform for this and a seven and a half ton six we've probably read it's quite extraordinary piece of technology they also have a project which is called developed an autonomous submarine and over submarines that's two testing and then there's some there as well it's not robots kind of would fall over in a bottle and this is being launched in london how big a road c.-k. have... you also asked about the two point three trillion dollars missing from the pentagon that he announced on the day before nine eleven of course was forgot about completely after the event when you get on multiple aid missions to gaza after leaving office i mean a boat that you're on actually got and you ended up in an israeli jail why is this sort of radical action necessary. i'm glad you're almost the question in the way that you posed it it is necessary. kerry because the situation has come so far so i'm hinged that ever in the every day affairs of a us government now we cannot assume that the bill of rights of quizes to us we can that's why it was so important for me to participate in the liberty fest that recently took place in atlanta because this idea this cherished notion of liberty is literally at risk and. well george bush pinned everything all of the rolling of the war machine was because of september eleventh and then after george w. bush broke obama says that you know we have to kill people all over the planet because of september eleventh and so if we don't get to really. t you also asked about the two point three trillion dollars missing from the pentagon that he announced on the day before nine eleven of course was forgot about completely after the event when you get on multiple aid missions to gaza after leaving office i mean a boat that you're on actually got and you ended up in an israeli jail why is this sort of radical action necessary. i'm glad you're almost the question in the way that you posed it it is necessary. kerry because the situation has come so... pentagon visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted gun going strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the. detainees called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered cameras and of court and the best of many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will it change something in washington i'm going to check them. still to come rising violence in iraq the country suffering one of its bloodiest chapters in the u.s. troops left with ethnic clashes and bombings even more than one hundred dead one this after a short break. the international in the very heart of moscow. mother of the two boston marathon bombing suspects claims she's seen video proving her son tamra one was still alive after being detained but instead the eldest brother was run over by his younger sibling who was making his getaway artie's barton has more. in this press conference the mother and fat pentagon visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted gun going strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the. detainees called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered cameras and of court and the best of many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will it... ongoing the pentagon insists they're absolutely necessary. to come here and look at a part of the u.s. to tubman to live by its own rules the republic of texas is next. the movie world war z z being for zombie which stars brad pitt as one hundred seventy five million dollar budget has been recalled by paramount executives not because this is probably yet another stupid violent zombie movie but because the chinese might get offended according to the wrap dot com china was supposed to take the blame for starting the evil zombie apocalypse this time but china becoming the largest foreign market for american movies made artistic integrity fly out the window to protect the bottom dollar as is tradition and hollywood this is not the first time that there has been pro-choice and he censorship in hollywood the remake of red dawn which was originally a cold war era minstrel show against russians was supposed to show a chinese invasion of america this time however they have changed it to north koreans who can't even defeat the us military in south korea let alone at an away game in the usa the ongoing the pentagon insists they're absolutely necessary. to come here and look at a part of the u.s. to tubman to live by its own rules the republic of texas is next. the movie world war z z being for zombie which stars brad pitt as one hundred seventy five million dollar budget has been recalled by paramount executives not because this is probably yet another stupid violent zombie movie but because the chinese might get offended according to the wrap dot com china was supposed to take the... Headline News : RT : April 25, 2013 12:00pm-12:29pm EDT the pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainee called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered camors end of quote and the question many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will it change something in washington i'm going to. still to come rising violence in iraq the country's suffering of its bloodiest chapters since u.s. troops pulled out with ethnic clashes in bombings leaving more than one hundred dead more on that after this short break stay with us. the international in the very heart of moscow. nineteen minutes past the hour now the mother of the two boston marathon bombing suspects claims she's seen video proving her son tamar line was still alive after being detained police had earlier said that the oldest brother was run over by his younger sibling who w the pentagon who visited guantanamo last week came back and said that he predicted the ongoing strike would lead to death so a long time muslim advisor at guantanamo who goes by the name zack who goes only by his first name for security reasons he said quote there will be more than one death and then he added that the detainee called wanted to die out of hunger and thirst behind covered camors end of quote and the question many now ask is what if someone really dies in this hunger strike will... mean there's a whole division at the pentagon that was set up just to liaise with hollywood movies to give them access to the technology and it's all you know it's all kind of . you know it's it's celebration of of sort of war and warriors and you know i don't i don't know anyone in that community in the special ops community or the cia that things anything highly of zero dark thirty which is interesting but the raid itself i mean we know that there was this dog that was you know belgian malinois and we know what kind of guns they supposedly had and we know sort of everything that's been leaked we know very little about the thousands of other raids that happened that year in afghanistan or elsewhere around the world who were the targets of those rates who were who was being killed almost everything john brennan said in the aftermath of the killing of osama bin laden turned out to be false as you point out he didn't use his wife as a human shield he wasn't reaching for a gun this was the killing of an unarmed man in the middle of the night who had just been sleeping in his bed and you mean there's a whole division at the pentagon that was set up just to liaise with hollywood movies to give them access to the technology and it's all you know it's all kind of . you know it's it's celebration of of sort of war and warriors and you know i don't i don't know anyone in that community in the special ops community or the cia that things anything highly of zero dark thirty which is interesting but the raid itself i mean we know that there was this dog that was you know belgian... doing it. well i think that they're trying to the wire the white house and the pentagon are trying very hard to retain their strategic domination in afghanistan they see afghanistan as strategically key they want to bring down the number of troops but they want to find a way to have afghans do the fighting against the forces that have resisted the occupation there and so they've poured this money and they have tried to buy military commanders local governors and military commanders of all different kinds and you can see that this is this is not succeeding this isn't and this is the way of occupation all hours of the general afghan public think about this the general left afghan public that aren't on the receiving end of some of this money well i think that there's great anger about this and the fact that as i mentioned before even some were telling the statistics in the country virtually every other indices of power is among the worst in the entire world despite the fact that really what will end up to be over a trillion dollars will be spent by the united states on the war and the doing it. well i think that they're trying to the wire the white house and the pentagon are trying very hard to retain their strategic domination in afghanistan they see afghanistan as strategically key they want to bring down the number of troops but they want to find a way to have afghans do the fighting against the forces that have resisted the occupation there and so they've poured this money and they have tried to buy military commanders local governors and military commanders of all...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line169
__label__cc	0.732693	0.267307	Category: Global Soccer Analyst Covid 19 and Football: Why One Has To be killed, For The Other To Survive. At the top clubs, during normal situations, every training session is carried out with the presence of hundreds of fans and if you are blessed to play for the Super Eagles of Nigeria, you get to train in front of Thousands of fans, as against zero fans like we have today. Arguably The Best Player In The World? He is a job saver to a Coach, heaven sent to every striker and offensive team mate, he is theme giver to the media, Lifesaver to defenders, club and above all, he is..... BBC’s Documentary On The Super Eagles Of Nigeria’s Finest Hour. BBC’s Alex LAST made a documented interview of Nigeria’s Olympics victory in 1996 .They have shared it with me so […] European Warfare kicks off, Are You ready? Here's a look at some of the participating countries and their chances of claiming the spoils. Get ready, it’s just days to kickoff. Soolis Media Services Working Languages : English, French, German and Italian. F.I.F.A Analyst: At the Federation Of International Football Associations (F.I.F.A) We are involved solely and purely with the Technical and Football Development Sections of the World's Football Governing Body. CNN World Cup 2014 Draws Anchor	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line173
__label__wiki	0.86353	0.86353	Canadian Perspectives - September 1998 The information in this edition of Canadian Perspectives is prepared for general interest only. Every effort has been made to ensure that the contents are accurate as of September, 1998 but professional advice should always be obtained before acting on the information herein. Foreign Reporting Modified, But Will Proceed In 1996, Canada proposed a system for reporting foreign assets. This system was broken down into four basic categories, being: Personal holdings of foreign assets costing over $100,000 in total Shares of foreign affiliates where you and related people have at least a 10% shareholding Transfers to foreign trusts that have Canadian beneficiaries Distributions from foreign trusts to Canadian residents The rules were passed into law in April, 1997, applicable to 1996 and 1997. However, immediately after this, the first category of foreign reporting, being personal holdings, was postponed pending further study. The Auditor General was requested to review the suggested methodology of having individuals report ownership of foreign assets. His report this June concluded that the methodology was appropriate, and was the best way to enforce Canada's tax system in the foreign area. Revenue Canada has now responded with how they intend to proceed with the personal holdings category of foreign reporting. The forms are to be simplified, and now it will no longer be necessary to give specific details of foreign assets. Instead, there are to be a series of "yes" and "no" questions concerning an individual's foreign assets, which will obviously be designed to determine the existence of these assets and possible sources of income that may result from them. We will have to wait to see the final version of the form, but it is likely that it will be quite easy to complete. This new approach represents a reasonable compromise between giving the government the information they need to enforce Canada's tax laws, and maintaining confidentiality. For more details on the foreign reporting rules, see the article "Foreign Reporting Rules/Myths and Realities", later in this newsletter. The reporting will apply to 1998, with the forms being due April 30, 1999 for most Canadian resident individuals. The extremely harsh penalties for non-compliance remain in effect.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line176
__label__wiki	0.650819	0.650819	SEA City SEA Studio Rupali Gupte Rupali Gupte is an architect and urbanist practicing and teaching in Mumbai. She is interested in contemporary urban conditions and their inter-disciplinary investigations. She locates her practice at the juncture of architecture, art and urban research. She has received her Bachelors degree in Architecture from the Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture (KRVIA) and her Masters degree from Cornell University. She has also been a Fellow at the KRVIA and at SARAI-CSDS, Delhi and an Artist in Residence at the Art and Architecture Residency at Khoj, New Delhi. She is a co founder of School of Environment and Architecture and a Professor at the school. She is also the director of SEA Studio, a research and design laboratory at SEA. She is a founder member of the Collective Research Initiatives Trust through which she has undertaken multiple research and design projects. Her works include, among others, studies of post industrial landscapes and housing types in Mumbai, a semi-fictional history of Mumbai titled ‘Tactical City, Tenali Rama and other stories of Mumbai’s Urbanism’; a ‘story map’ of the Mumbai Mill lands exhibited at Manifesta 7 in Italy; Architectural Fictions exhibited at Jugaad Urbanism, New York; an installation titled ‘Pothole City’ produced for the Art-Architecture Residency at Khoj International; ‘Being Nicely Messy’ a proposition for the future of Urban Mobility in Mumbai, exhibited with 6 other cities in Istanbul; Gurgaon Glossaries, an oblique methodology of reading cities shown at the Devi Art Gallery, Delhi, the Mumbai Art Room and at the Sao Paolo Architecture Biennale; Transactional Objects shown at the 56th Venice Biennale; R &R, design build of a community center in Mankhurd; 'When is Space?' Conversations in Contemporary Architecture, curated at the Jawahar Kala Kendra and 'Belly of the Strange' an architectural sculpture and reading room at MACBA in Barcelona. She works extensively on community housing, design, infrastructure and planning projects for various communities. She continues to research and write on architecture and the urban condition and has lectured extensively in India and abroad. E: rupali@sea.edu.in School of Environment and Architecture ©	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line178
__label__wiki	0.690067	0.690067	Community & Health Yayasan Sime Darby (YSD) has partnered with leading local and international organisations in our work over the years covering the five pillars of Education, Environment, Community & Health, Youth & Sports and Arts & Culture. Global Peace Foundation Malaysia The Global Peace Foundation Malaysia (GPFM) is part of an international peace movement committed to bring humanity as one human family transcending race, culture and nationality. GPFM is committed in developing moral and innovative young leaders and transform education by nurturing children holistically. When coffee meets muffins. Malaysia Rugby Founded in 1921, Malaysian Rugby, formerly known as Malaysian Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Malaysia. Yayasan Kecemerlangan Sukan Malaysia (SportExcel) Established in 1989, “Yayasan Kecemerlangan Sukan Malaysia” or ‘SportExcel’ has been supporting junior sports development in Malaysia in various sports. Sime Darby Football Club The Sime Darby Football Club was founded in January 2010 and emerged as champions of the 2010 Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) Cup. Institut Sukan Negara In 1994, the Division of Sports Science was abolished and transformed into the National Sports Institute (ISN) and is positioned as one of the top in the National Sports Council. The Malaysian Cricket Association The Malaysian Cricket Association is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Malaysia. The Malaysian Cricket Association is also an associate member of the International Cricket Council & a member of Asian Cricket Council. © Copyright 2021 Yayasan Sime Darby 198201006191 (85945-W). All Rights Reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line179
__label__wiki	0.77887	0.77887	Tagged: Tony Joe White 1970s, Soul Rainy Night in Georgia Written and originally recorded by Tony Joe White (1962 \|1969). Also recorded by David Ruffin (1970). Hit version by Brook Benton (US #4/R&B #1 1970). From the wiki: “‘Rainy Night in Georgia’ is a song written and first recorded by Tony Joe White in 1962 (and re-recorded by White in 1969) and was popularized by R&B vocalist Brook Benton in 1970. “In 1967, White signed with Monument Records, which operated from a recording studio in the Nashville suburb of Hendersonville, TN. Over the next three years, White released four singles with no commercial success Stateside, although ‘Soul Francisco’ was a hit in France. ‘Polk Salad Annie’ had been released for nine months and written off as a failure by his record label when it finally entered the US charts in July 1969. It climbed into the Top Ten by early August, eventually reaching #8, becoming White’s biggest performance hit.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line181
__label__wiki	0.565808	0.565808	home → articles → Marketing \| Email to a Friend Texas A&M-coordinated study expects COVID-19 economic impacts of $2.5 trillion loss in goods, services nationwide published: September 18th 2020 by: Kay Ledbetter source: Texas AgriLife Today Three universities analyze pandemic’s short-, long-term impacts on U.S. agriculture sectors COVID-19 is expected to reduce the U.S. gross domestic product, by $2.5 trillion and employment by 19 million full-time equivalent jobs over the next year, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife coordinated study. This spring Texas A& M’s Department of Home-land Security, DHS, Center of Excellence Cross-Bord-er Threat Screening and Supply Chain Defense, or CBTS, teamed up with Arizona State University’s DHS Center of Excellence, the Center for Accelerating Operational Efficiency, and researchers at the Victoria University in Australia to examine the economic impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. agricultural sectors. While certain the pandemic would have a significant impact on the U.S. economy, Greg Pompelli, Ph.D., Texas A&M’s CBTS director, said the research-ers used this project to gain a clearer picture of the pandemic’s shorter- and lon-ger-term impacts on the U.S. food and agriculture sectors in comparison to other critical sectors. “This analysis gives us a critical and realistic evaluation of how the pandemic has and will continue to impact our nation’s and the world’s food supply,” said Patrick J. Stover, Ph.D., vice chancellor of Texas A&M AgriLife, dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and director of Texas A&M AgriLife Research. “It will be critical that we work together to elevate food system concerns and develop solutions that address the economic consequences to serve as a foundation for lasting recovery.” To help understand these impacts, researchers utilized a model of the U.S. economy that included a special emphasis on the major food and agriculture sectors. The team used quarterly economic data in their model of the U.S. economy to determine the effects of the pandemic and the impacts of related policy responses on the U.S. economy and ag sectors. Research predicts impacts In July, the researchers completed their initial quarterly economic projections of the immediate impacts and recovery that may be experienced by the U.S. economy and agricultural sectors between March 2020 and February 2022. “As we all witnessed, COVID-19 and measures taken to slow disease spread harmed lives as well as the economic prospects of businesses and communities worldwide,” Pom-pelli said. Their findings estimate COVID-19 will reduce U.S. GDP over the next year by 11.9% or $2.5 trillion and reduce employment by 12.2% or the equivalent of 19 million full-time jobs. However, the report concluded that compared to most other sectors such as tourism, air transport, education, restaurants and lodging, the U.S. food and agricultural sectors will experience smaller economic impacts because they were not subject to shutdowns and reductions in aggregate consumer spending brought on by job losses. “The resulting recession had a relatively small impact on the overall demand for farm products,” Pompelli said. “Still, COVID-19 caused income declines in all food and agricultural sectors.” Recession impact on world food security The U.S. is not alone in facing difficult economic times, according to the authors of the report, including Pompelli; Peter Dixon, Ph.D., director, and Maureen Rimmer, Ph.D., professor, Centre of Policy Studies at Victoria Uni-versity in Melbourne; and Ross Maciejewski, Ph.D., director, Center for Accel-erating Operational Effi-ciency, a DHS Center of Excellence at Arizona State University. The World Bank, ac-cording to the Global Eco-nomic Prospects Report, June 2020, predicted CO-VID-19 created a global recession that is considered to be the sharpest contraction in our lifetimes and affected the economies of more countries than were harmed by the Great Depression of the late 1920’s. “Sadly, the COVID-19 recession will have important humanitarian and food insecurity implications, and, through reduced global consumer incomes, could affect U.S. agricultural trade prospects which will be critical to the recovery of major U.S. agricultural sectors,” the report stated. COVID-19 impacts to agricultural sectors Significant impacts cau-sed early on in the pandemic included supply-chain disruptions such as the closure of some meat processing facilities, mismatches between supplies of some goods and demand caused by school/restaurant closures, transportation problems and shortages of farm labor. Some producers lost access to traditional marketing channels and consumers discovered they periodically could not find desired goods. These challenges led to unusual situations where retail prices increased, but prices paid to producers declined, or worse, producers could not find a channel to sell their livestock or produce. In some areas, these problems forced producers to des-troy or dispose of their agricultural products. While some of these could not be fully captured by initial modeling efforts, Pompelli said, based on their estimates, the re-searchers expected a 5.2% decrease in real U.S. farm income this year and projected a .76% decrease in 2021. However, USDA’s latest estimate for real farm income – Farm Sector In-come Forecast – Septem-ber 2020 – shows an increase of 3.6% to $102.7 billion, the highest level since 2014. The primary difference is that direct federal government payments, which are a combination of commodity program payments and special assistance aimed at offsetting to trade and COVID-19 events, to farmers increased 64% in 2020 to $37.7 billion. Without that support, real farm income would have been substantially lower in 2020. The researchers also found that the economic impacts of COVID-19 were not uniform across agriculture. The team estimated livestock operations would experience more negative effects, and, in fact, USDA’s latest figures show that animal product receipts in 2020 are down just over 8.1%. However, for crops, cash receipts are expected to increase 6.9%. As noted, the federal government attempted to offset the COVID-19 disruptions through the Coronavirus Food Assist-ance Program that was designed to provide up to $16 billion in direct payments to farmers and ranchers affected by the coronavirus pandemic, although to date only about half of this amount has been distributed. In addition, USDA’s Farmers to Families Food Box program purchased $3 billion in fresh produce, dairy and meat to help Americans in need. Charitable organizations, local, state and other federal efforts were initiated to support hunger relief efforts as the pandemic increased the number of people who had to rely on food banks. While the researchers cannot predict if a second wave of the pandemic will hit the U.S., their current projections align with other forecasts about the likely path an economic recovery in the U.S. will take. The researchers found that although the U.S. economy will steadily recover, GDP and employment going into 2022 will remain about 5% below where they would have been in the absence of COVID-19. Their simulations also show a real depreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar, which is a bit of a silver-lining for the recovery of export-oriented U.S. agricultural sectors, such as grains and oilseeds. Early evidence suggests their simulations were correct as the dollar has depreciated about 10% against a market basket of six international currencies since March. In addition, since May, the dollar has also depreciated almost 4.5% against the Chinese yuan and declined a little over 8.3% against the Brazilian real. Pompelli said a weaker dollar means U.S. produced goods are cheaper on international markets, and that helps U.S. exports even if many countries are still in a recession. USDA’s most recent agricultural export estimates from the Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade AES-113, Aug. 26, project a $5.5 billion increase in U.S exports in fiscal year 2021, reversing the slight decline experienced this year. Given that the Federal Reserve’s low interest rates are designed to help stimulate the economy, most observers expect these policies will remain in place for several years. In the next few months, the research team will re-estimate the economic impacts of COVID-19 by updating the influence of policy actions. They will also work with the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at the University of Missouri to examine the impacts the pandemic has had and is expected to have on major U.S. agricultural commodities and trade. a. Acknowledgement. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 18STCBT 00001-03-00. b. Disclaimer. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either ex-pressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Home-land Security.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line182
__label__wiki	0.860493	0.860493	Ron Wood Documentary to Get ‘Virtual Cinema’ Release RonnieWoodMovie.com A documentary about Rolling Stones guitarist Ron Wood will be available to U.S. and Canadian viewers as a "virtual cinema" release. Somebody Up There Likes Me will start streaming on Sept. 18. Details and tickets are now available at the film's website. Viewers have seven days to watch the movie, which must be completed within 72 hours from the moment the viewing began. The $11 ticket price also includes a Q&A with Wood and director Mike Figgis. The documentary traces Wood's history from his days with the Jeff Beck Group and Faces through his current work with the Stones. Keith Richards, Mick Jagger and Rod Stewart share insight. Wood's artwork and personal life, including his struggles with substance abuse, are also covered. You can watch the trailer below. "[Wood] would say something, and then I would gently offer the possibility for going further into that thought," director Figgis explained. "Other questions, where I tried to steer away from the cliche and therefore open up the possibility of a more productive response to, he took and he ran with. At a certain point I was thinking whilst he was talking, This is amazingly strong, quite dark material. And I did wonder if he would later say he would rather we didn’t use some of it. There was a period when we started to share the cut when I think he was surprised himself and he paused for thought.” “When my mate Mike Figgis approached me to make this documentary film, I was baffled where to start and where to finish,” Wood said. “Oh, well, how about from being born into the Wood dynasty to where I am right now? That should do it. ... ‘Leave ‘em wanting more,’ as the man said. So look out, people, there’s a lot more stories to be told.” Somebody Up There Likes Me was shown at the BFI London Film Festival last October in advance of its U.K. theatrical release a month later. It was also named as a selection at this year's Tribeca Film Festival in New York, but that was postponed in May due to the coronavirus pandemic. The DVD and Blu-ray versions of Somebody Up There Likes Me, as well as a deluxe companion book, will be released on Oct. 9. Ronnie Wood Year by Year Next: Top 10 Ron Wood Rolling Stones Songs Source: Ron Wood Documentary to Get ‘Virtual Cinema’ Release Filed Under: Ron Wood Categories: Movies, News	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line184
__label__wiki	0.943645	0.943645	Rush Producer Rupert Hine Dead at 72 Fin Costello / Redferns, Getty Images Producer Rupert Hine, who worked with Rush, Stevie Nicks, The Fixx and many more, has died at the age of 72. A cause of death was not revealed. In his latter years, Hine had become a director for the Ivors Academy, who passed on news of his passing in the social media post below: Before moving behind the boards, Hine started his career in the '60s as a musician forming half of the folk-rock duo Rupert & David. He would later venture out solo, releasing two albums in the '70s, but he really found his niche behind the producing board, where his career started to blossom in the '80s. He produced two albums for Canadian hard rock outfit Saga -- 1981's Worlds Apart and 1983's Heads or Tales. He's probably best known for his production work with The Fixx, having taken on the role for their albums Shuttered Room, Reach the Beach, Phantoms and Walkabout during the '80s. Saga, "On the Loose" The Fixx, "Saved by Zero" His '80s hot streak also included producing albums for Howard Jones, Chris DeBurgh, Thompson Twins and Stevie Nicks, while he also was involved in tracks from Tina Turner's Private Dancer and Break Every Rule albums. Hine also appeared on, wrote music for and produced the soundtrack for the John Cusack-starring film, Better Off Dead. His success would later lead him to Rush, who chose Hine to oversee their 1989 record Presto and its 1991 follow-up Roll the Bones. Hine's later producing credits also included albums from Milla Jovovich, Duncan Sheik, Stroke 9 and Suzanne Vega. Rush, "Ghost of a Chance" Below, see a few more tributes to Rupert Hine: Rockers We've Lost in 2020 Source: Rush Producer Rupert Hine Dead at 72 Filed Under: Rupert Hine	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line185
__label__cc	0.597462	0.402538	Numbers 126-150, Sensations Stargazers often wonder how the sky at night over London would look were all the city’s illuminations extinguished. I often wonder how London would look from the sky at night were all its illuminations extinguished save the Underground. That’s almost an oxymoron. The clue is, after all, in the name. The founding principle of the Underground was to be out of sight: to be no surface and all depth. All it had to show for itself above ground, all it still has to show for itself – in the city centre at least – is its stations. Its stations. Exactly. When the sun goes down, the curtain goes up on London’s longest-running attraction. It’s an uninterrupted stint that has lasted, in some cases, for a century-and-a-half. It’s also the capital’s most inclusive nightspot. Everyone can be seen here. Everyone is seen here. There’s no guest list, no dress code. Come as you are. Leave when you please. Irradiation plus imagination: that’s the only secret, and not an especially complicated or novel one. Yet there are few things as inviting, and little that’s as comforting, as the sight of the entrance to an Underground station at night. Electrical balm flows towards you. The attraction can work over any distance; all you need is a glimpse of a roundel or a sign, even from far away, and something inside you is reassured. Why is this? What is catalysing such a reaction? It is all those elements that make the Underground great – topped up with the added potency of, for want of a better phrase, tactical incandescence. Those lights, those colours, that soothing glow: it’s all there by design, not chance. People have planned for this, have intended it to be this way: there are brains behind this beauty, and they have done this for us, and we can only feel charmed, favoured, perhaps a little blessed. It’s something of a neat inversion: that the Underground, popularly known for its soot-black tunnels, dingy passageways and absence of natural illumination, blazes so brightly above ground when everywhere else falls into shadow. The poacher of light turns gamekeeper. And that these fixed, unchanging points of light are offspring of something created not to encourage stasis, but to improve movement and circulation, is another rather sweet reversal of responsibility. At night the Underground becomes more of a shepherd than a signpost. How and where it flashes its wares above the earth’s surface is never more crucial. Philip Larkin (yes, him again) wrote of how “light spreads darkly downwards” in stations and their environs. “In shoeless corridors, the lights burn. How isolated, like a fort, it is…” These buildings, after dark, are intoxicatingly atmospheric. Their architecture infuses the air with stoical sadness. It’s something to do with that meeting of light and dark, how the one interacts, teases, and dances with the other. It’s a shifting, slightly rootless tableau, a place that is neither one thing or the other. This makes it an ideal canvas on to which you can project your own thoughts and feelings. And this is perhaps the most appealing thing of all: the way a station at night can be an ideal place for moping and brooding, for fantasising and itemising, for a rendezvous or reconciliation, for a teary homecoming and an equally teary farewell. Louis MacNeice nailed it: “And so to London and down the ever-moving stairs Where a warm wind blows the bodies of men together And blows apart their complexes and cares.” The night brings not just people but the whole network together, like the old ITV Telethons, only with real stars instead of pretenders. It binds stations as dissimilar as Wood Lane and Caledonian Road. It’s the great leveller, though rather than level down it grades everything upwards, putting all of the Underground on the same podium, be they 150 years old or just 18 months. Old, young, Victorian, Edwardian, modernist, post-modernist, smells, sounds, sights, sensations: they all look, and feel, better in the dark. I know this is as much an affair of the heart as the head, and I know it’s only fleeting. At some point each and every night the barriers come down, the shutters go up and the lights are dimmed. Fade to black. But I always take comfort from the knowledge that tomorrow I can begin anew, and that every time the sun sets I get to fall in love with the Underground all over again. Architecture, Northern line, Numbers 126-150, Zone 3 When I began this blog, I had a shortlist of only a couple of dozen places about which I knew I wanted to write. That was all. There was no grand plan of campaign, no strategy to help me get to 150. I trusted the Underground to serve up its delights as and when I chose to search them out. Before I reach the end, however, I do need to make one final, slight return. I didn’t set out to count down the greatest things, or rank them in any way. It was always my intention to list them in no particular order – albeit earmarking a few particularly notable stations for a few particularly notable milestones (such as numbers 50, 75 and 100). So it’s by happy design that for my next to last entry I find myself revisiting my very first. East Finchley station is of a piece with its archer. The platforms, canopies, buildings, walkways, stairwells, even the handrails and window frames, are close to perfection. Its curves are as exquisitely-formed as the phrasing of Debussy’s Clair de Lune; its structured elegance equals that of Larkin’s Whitsun Weddings. Its swagger, meanwhile, has the same joyous dashes of stylish exoticism as Ron Grainer’s sublime title theme for One of our Dinosaurs is Missing. In other words, it’s a mighty evocative place. And there’s plenty of room to encourage so much evocation. East Finchley station has four platforms, broad enough to feel more like continental thoroughfares than provincial embarkation points. Here you can loiter, brood, mither and mingle without ever feeling ill-at-ease or out-of-sorts. It’s a nice place to have to wait. I’d go so far as to say it’s the kind of place at which you want to have to wait, whether to catch or change trains. The empty space is as much a part of the conception and purpose of East Finchley as the buildings. It’s one of the most holistic creations on the entire network. The fact it’s also one of the most beautiful is, naturally, an enormous boon. But then it is the work of Charles Holden, the man without whom this blog would not have been possible. Well, perhaps not impossible, but a hell of a lot shorter. Which, for those who would have preferred a mere two dozen entries, might not have been such a bad thing. A Senate House-sized salute to Charles. London belongs to him. Architecture, Designs, Jubilee line, Numbers 126-150, Zone 1 Welcome to an exclusive peek at the new look of Doctor Who’s Tardis. Yes, the roundels are back. All that steam-punk palaver is no more. Gone, the Heath Robinson-esque detritus and “charming” eccentricities. In their place, gorgeous steel curves, glittering symmetry and a hefty dollop of polish. Well, you can but dream. Is it wrong to wander down the palatial pipes that connect the Jubilee line with the rest of Waterloo station and imagine you’re inside what people from the 20th century thought people in the 30th century might like? To draw a straight line in your mind from the most futuristic slice of the Underground all the way to the next millennium, with only the odd diversion to make way for the unexpected arrival of the Thames flood plain? To for once look forward fondly, instead of back wistfully? Tubular balls, you might think. And granted, you either love the shimmering fancies of this most modern of modernisations, or you probably loathe it. Grey can be a beautiful colour, but only if artfully deployed. When it’s there by default, it usually shouldn’t. But when it’s there by design, it’s a bit of a revelation. The stout walkways and nifty passages at Waterloo are one of the unexpected triumphs of the Jubilee line extension. Unexpected, because Waterloo comes with the baggage of over 100 years of existence. It wasn’t magicked into being from scratch like your Southwarks or North Greenwichs. It laboured long under associations with congestion and gloom and long, long treks to get to the platforms. It still does, for many. But here’s why an encounter with its youngest, freshest offspring feels more like a joy than a chore. It is still, over a decade on from its opening, thrumming with the shock of the new. Heavens, there’s even a travelator. And there’s only one other to be found on the whole Underground (which is also ace, naturally). What more of a beguiling gimmicky gesture towards modernity do you possibly need? Take a stroll along this gleaming cylinder of motion, that seems to have tumbled through time from some point that’s always just beyond tomorrow. We should feel flattered merely to have the chance to pass through such a convenience of wonder. This is what public infrastructure can be like if trust is placed in someone dubbed the Medici of London Transport. This is what the Underground can still be like.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line186
__label__wiki	0.560456	0.560456	Sunday 9 August 2020 (other days) 19th Sunday in Ordinary Time Come, ring out our joy to the Lord; hail the God who saves us, alleluia. In other years: St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (1891 - 1942) She was born into a practising Jewish family. She had a distinguished career as a philosopher and received a doctorate at the University of Freiburg, but her academic career was impeded because she was a woman. Reading the autobiography of Saint Teresa of Ávila brought about her conversion to Catholicism and she was baptized on 1 January 1922. She taught at a Dominican girls’ school and studied Catholic philosophy. She became a lecturer at the Institute for Pedagogy at Münster but was thrown out of her post in 1933 as a result of the Nazi régime’s anti-Semitic legislation. She entered a Carmelite monastery in Cologne and took the name Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. Her order moved her to the Netherlands to keep her safe from the growing Nazi threat. While a Carmelite she wrote an important philosophical book, seeking to combine the phenomenology of her former teacher Edmund Husserl with the philosophy of Aquinas, and she also wrote on St John of the Cross. On 20 July 1942 the Dutch Bishops’ Conference had a statement read in all churches condemning Nazi racism. In retaliation the authorities ordered the arrest of all Jewish converts to Christianity. Teresa Benedicta was taken to Auschwitz and killed on 9 August 1942. Other saints: Saint Nathy He is the patron saint of the diocese of Achonry, where he founded a church and monastery. See this article for a little more information. Other saints: Saint Felim He flourished in the early part of the sixth century and is the first known Bishop of Kilmore. He is patron saint of the diocese. Second Reading: St Catherine of Siena (1347 - 1380) Catherine was born in Siena and, seeking perfection, entered the Third Order of the Dominicans when she was still in her teens. In 1370 she was commanded by a vision to leave her secluded life and enter the public life of the world. She wrote letters to many major public figures and carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, urging him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States. She burned with the love of God and her neighbour. As an ambassador she brought peace and harmony between cities. She fought hard to defend the liberty and rights of the Popes and did much for the renewal of religious life. She also dictated books full of sound doctrine and spiritual inspiration. She died on 29 April 1380. In 1970 Pope Paul VI declared her a Doctor of the Church. Romans 8:15-16 © The spirit you received is not the spirit of slaves bringing fear into your lives again; it is the spirit of sons, and it makes us cry out, ‘Abba, Father!’ The Spirit himself and our spirit bear united witness that we are children of God. From the beginning until now the entire creation, as we know, has been groaning in one great act of giving birth; and not only creation, but all of us who possess the first-fruits of the Spirit, we too groan inwardly as we wait for our bodies to be set free. 2 Timothy 1:9 © God has saved us and called us to be holy, not because of anything we ourselves have done but for his own purpose and by his own grace. This grace had already been granted to us, in Christ Jesus, before the beginning of time. England - Portsmouth - Isle of Wight	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line191
__label__cc	0.618423	0.381577	Eric Waltmire's Blog Patent and Trademark Law; Software and Electronic Arts Patents; Creativity and Invention; Brands Patents: Start Here Trademarks: Start Here Software & Business Method Patent History Posted on February 26, 2014 June 26, 2019 by Eric Waltmire How To Choose a Strong Trademark Not all trademarks are equal in strength. The strength of a mark is a measure of the extent and scope of protection provided for the mark under trademark law. As shown in the diagram, strong marks have a bigger buffer or protection moat around them and thus prohibit competitors from operating within that buffer. Weaker marks have a smaller buffer. The smaller buffer allows competitors to use marks that are more similar to a weak mark than would be allowed for a strong mark, all other things being equal. This post explains how to select a strong trademark so you can keep your competitors at a larger distance from you in terms of the similarity in the marks that competitors use. A strong mark is one that has a greater level of distinctiveness in relation to the product or service with which it is used.A strong mark should be distinctive rather than descriptive. Descriptive marks that merely describe the goods or services that the mark is used on or in connection with are difficult to protect during initial use. The reasons for this are: (1) to prevent the owner of a mark from inhibiting competition in the sale of particular goods; and (2) to maintain freedom of the public to use the language involved, thus avoiding the possibility of harassing infringement suits by the registrant against others who use the mark when advertising or describing their own products. Continuum of Distinctiveness The strength of a mark can be categorized along a continuum, ranging from marks that are highly distinctive (e.g.“Pepsi” for cola) to marks that are a generic name (e.g. “coffee”) for the goods or services. The degree of distinctiveness of a mark can be determined by considering it in relation to the specific goods or services. The degree of distinctiveness of a mark corresponds to the degree of protection provided by trademark law. The more distinctive a mark is the more protection provided by law. Marks that are highly distinctive when used in relation to the goods or services are considered arbitrary or fanciful. Arbitrary and fanciful marks are located on the strong end of the continuum. Next on the continuum are suggestive marks, followed by merely descriptive matter. Last are generic terms. Generic terms are at an end opposite arbitrary and fanciful marks. Fanciful marks include terms that are created for the sole purpose of functioning as a trademark or service mark. Such marks comprise words that are generally unknown in the language, such as PEPSI . The word Pepsi did not exist before Pepsi created it and began advertising under it. Next, arbitrary marks are those that are commonly used but, when used to identify particular goods or services, do not suggest or describe a significant ingredient, quality or characteristic of the goods or services, such as APPLE for computers. The term apple had nothing to do with computers before Apple Inc. began using the term for that purpose. Suggestive marks are those that, when applied to the goods or services at issue, require imagination, thought or perception to reach a conclusion as to the nature of those goods or services. For example, BEAUTYREST suggests something about the nature of mattresses. A suggestive term requires imagination, thought, or perception to reach a conclusion regarding the nature of the goods or services. A suggestive term is different from a descriptive term because a descriptive term immediately tells something about the goods or services. A mark is merely descriptive if it describes an ingredient, quality, characteristic, function, feature, purpose or use of the corresponding goods or services. Descriptive marks may not be registered on the primary register without proof that the mark is widely recognized by consumers–that is the marks have gained “secondary meaning” in the marketplace. For example, BED & BREAKFAST REGISTRY was found merely descriptive of lodging reservations services. However, American Airlines was likely initially merely descriptive (its an airline that flies in America), but over time has become widely recognized and thus protectable. Generic terms are those terms that the relevant purchasing public understands primarily as the common or class name for the goods or services, e.g. coffee. Generic terms alone cannot be protected as trademarks. However generic terms are sometimes combined with other terms or components to achieve protection over the combination, e.g. Starbucks Coffee. However, the Starbucks Coffee trademark cannot be used to stop others from using the term coffee alone or in combination with other terms not similar to Starbucks. Selecting Strong Marks The strongest marks are fanciful and arbitrary marks. However, practically these marks require the most marketing resources to create consumer recognition. Suggestive marks provide a middle ground where the mark suggests a feature of the product or service thereby reducing the amount of marketing resources required to inform your customers as compared to fanciful marks, while still providing a reasonable amount of protection under trademark law. CategoriesTrademarks Previous PostPrevious Eric Waltmire Presenting on IP for Dupage’s REV3 Innovation Center Next PostNext How long does it take to get a patent? email: blog@waltmire.com Erickson Law Group, PC 1749 S. Naperville Rd. Suite 202	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line193
__label__cc	0.533356	0.466644	Tagged ‘Chan Zuckerberg Foundation‘ Pacifism as Pathology, Social Engineering Amazon Apple California Teachers Association (CTA) Chan Zuckerberg Foundation Digital Austerity Education Fourth Industrial Revolution Global Education Coalition Google Great Reset HP Lenovo Michael Bloomberg Microsoft Silicon Valley T-Mobile Teachers Union The Virtual Education Shock Doctrine California’s online-schooling model is a glimpse into the future of digital austerity. The Bellows By Alex Gutentag (Gonzalo Fuentes / Reuters) In California, the nation’s most populous state, 90% of students started the school year entirely online. When schools closed in March, 50% of low-income California students lacked the necessary technology to access distance learning. Broader tech distribution was available for the 2020-21 school year thanks to donations from companies like HP, Lenovo, Amazon, Apple, T-Mobile, Microsoft, and Google. Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey even personally donated $10 million to the city of Oakland’s tech initiative. With chromebooks and wifi hotspots now available for every student, California legislators and corporations congratulated themselves on closing the “digital divide.” Despite their improved tech access, many students have more pressing material needs. Over 260,000 California students experience homelessness every year, and over 20% of California children live below the poverty line. The tech industry has not made massive donations to medical and therapy services, which low-income students often receive through community schools. Likewise, there is no private backing for the state’s free grab-and-go meals program. Distance learning is a sleight of hand. Framed as a panacea, online education is actually the vehicle for a long-desired economic restructuring. Online schooling will generate a treasure trove of data tech firms can buy and sell. Free meals will not. Silicon Valley boasts a yearly output of $275 billion and has a GDP similar to that of Qatar. Yet California, the world’s fifth largest economy, is currently withholding $11 billion from schools. Districts have been given IOUs for state funding and will not be reimbursed until next year. In contrast, California billionaires increased their net worth by over 25.5% ($175 billion) in the first three months of the pandemic. Students throughout California are now stuck at home in hot, crowded rooms that occasionally fill with wildfire smoke. 19% of these students are English language learners and almost 13% of them have disabilities. Every day on Zoom they fall more and more behind both academically and socially. In Los Angeles Unified, the state’s largest district, students are receiving 90-170 minutes of daily live instruction (depending on their age), after which they are expected to do independent work. Compared to the traditional six- or seven-hour school day, online education is laughably inadequate. In real time, teachers and families are watching important developmental windows close for vulnerable children. Meanwhile the California Democratic Party and its affiliates tout virtual schooling as a solution for mitigating COVID-19 transmission. This policy is the result of an alignment between the Democratic Party, corporate power, and a bureaucratic teachers’ union. The purpose of their alignment is to rationalize austerity and boost commercial profits. Distance learning is a sleight of hand. Framed as a panacea, online education is actually the vehicle for a long-desired economic restructuring. School Closures: An Unscientific and Regressive Policy The Dreambox mathematics application: “Within one minute of work, the program can collect, analyse and respond to more than 800 pieces of data about a student and how he or she learns, according to the organization.” [page 9] California’s introduction of online schooling was driven by financial concerns, not medical or moral ones. Reopening safely would have required physical distancing plans, distribution of face shields or masks, sanitizing supplies, systems for daily health screenings, regular testing, widespread use of outdoor spaces, alternative schedules, smaller class sizes, and a massive hiring initiative. The primary reason these proposals were shot down was not rising COVID-19 cases as the governor, Gavin Newsom, asserted. California cases, hospitalizations, and deaths have been declining since August 1, but since then Newsom has only made reopening guidelines stricter. The full prohibition on in-person learning directly contradicts the advice of medical and scientific experts. In June the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued recommendations for school re-openings, stating, “the AAP strongly advocates that all policy considerations for the coming school year should start with a goal of having students physically present in school.” The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued similar guidance. Schools, the authors argue, provide essential services to students and families. Only after large school districts decided to stay closed did the AAP revise its original guidance to fit a perceived political consensus. Many clinical studies and reviews supported their original conclusion, demonstrating that children are less likely to transmit COVID-19 than adults, and school closures are an ineffective method of disease control. Not only will these irrational closures deepen class disparities, the policy has also overruled some children’s civil right to public education—a right that became universal in federal law less than 50 years ago. It was not until 1975 that people with disabilities won a “Free and Appropriate Public Education” through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Before IDEA people with intellectual disabilities were often put in underfunded and abusive state schools, such as the infamous Willowbrook state school in Staten Island. Similarly, discrimination against English language learners was allowed until the 1974 passage of the Equal Education Opportunity Act. Dismantling these gains is apparently of no concern to the California Democrats and the California Teachers Association (CTA), the state teachers union. Virtual learning effectively limits educational access for high-need populations. Yet as public resources are funneled into online learning platforms, the CTA regularly claims to be fighting back against billionaires and politicians. In reality, the teachers union is acting as an astroturfing and financing arm of the tech industry and the Democratic Party. There is no real conflict between these entities because their interests are identical. The Teachers Union as Controlled Opposition The Global Education Coalition was launched on March 25, 2020, by UNESCO. Founding partners include the World Bank, Facebook, Microsoft, Google, the BBC, and the Global Business Coalition for Education. The median teacher salary in California is $65,252. On average, California teachers pay $1,072 in dues, and the majority of dues do not go to local organizations—they go to the CTA. In 2018 at least twelve CTA officers and directors made six-figure salaries. The CTA president took home about $340,000, and the union’s Associate Executive Director over $1 million. It is extremely difficult for teachers to find out how much of their dues money goes to political activities, let alone which of these activities actually help secure better working conditions and wages for teachers. However, some information is available. California teachers’ dues directly contribute to the CTA’s PAC. Although teachers can opt out from donating to the PAC, this option is only given when they sign the form to join the union. While there are limits to the CTA’s donations to individual candidates through its PAC, the CTA can donate greater amounts through independent expenditure committees. For example, the CTA’s PAC donated only $29,000 to Newsom’s election campaign in 2018, but its independent expenditure committee gave $1 million to “Education Organizations for Gavin Newsom for Governor 2018.” The National Education Association, which the CTA is a part of, is likewise opaque about how much dues money is used for political activities and what those activities are. In 2018 the NEA contributed about $5.4 million to candidates and political campaigns and spent close to $2.9 million on lobbying. After endorsing Joe Biden in March, the NEA now invites teachers to become “Educators for Joe” through its website. The relationship between the union and the California Democratic Party extends to the CTA’s organizing work for ballot initiatives. Most recently, local California unions have asked their members to collect signatures and join rallies for Prop 15, the Students and Communities First Initiative. The slogan for Prop 15 is “Tax the Rich,” but the tax will not be on wealthy individuals, or directly on the revenue of California’s largest industries (tech, agriculture, tourism, and entertainment). The tax will instead be on business properties exceeding $3 million in value. The initiative is backed by national politicians like Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, Pete Buttigieg, and Michael Bloomberg. The Chan Zuckerberg Foundation has contributed over $6.3 million to support Prop 15. Union members should be concerned about the fact that, according to the CTA’s own Prop 15 calculator, the plan will fund privately-operated charter schools in addition to public schools. Charter schools are property leasing schemes that exploit low-income communities for the benefit of investors. In using public school teachers to organize for this funding, the CTA has promoted an initiative that will allow investment capital to benefit from industrial property taxes, an expense that some worry will fall on small businesses in the form of increased rents. Given the level of mismanagement, cronyism, and anti-teacher animus plaguing the administrations of many California school districts, it is also worth wondering if Prop 15 money will go where it is truly needed (staffing), or whether it will be wasted on more tech products. Ultimately, there is no real tension between the political project of the teachers union and that of the Democratic Party. Both are working toward the same outcomes. In the case of COVID-19, the desired outcome is the purchase of hardware, software, and online learning subscriptions on an enormous scale. This ploy relies on a politics of anti-solidarity in which teachers stay home on computers while risk is pushed onto lower-paid staff or contractors who lack union protection. Woke Justifications for Academic Decline January 2020, World Economic Forum: “The notion of an educator as the knowledge-holder who imparts wisdom to their pupils is no longer fit for the purpose of a 21st-century education.” While low-income students and families struggle to adapt, many educators are willing to push rhetoric that presents virtual learning as liberation. In some cities, local union leaders, district administrators, and other organizations have entered into an endless competition to prove who is more woke and more pro-lockdown. Racialized social justice politics have created distractions that serve to rationalize and excuse the absence of public health infrastructure and other services. In Oakland, for example, ongoing conflicts between professionals have done little to help communities in need, and disguise a de facto consensus around school closures. California’s online learning mandate was largely decided at the state level by the governor’s office. This did not stop the Oakland teachers’ union from holding a pro-closure demonstration in front of the Oakland schools superintendent’s home. The Oakland NAACP wrote a letter condemning the action for targeting the superintendent, who is a Black woman. The East Bay DSA responded in support of the union, citing the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black communities. Virtual learning is training affluent students for a life of self-directed work at home. It is training low-income students for a life of no work at all. Around the same time, elementary school principals in Oakland wrote a letter asking middle class parents to refrain from forming independently organized educational “pandemic pods,” arguing that this would be “exacerbating educational inequities.” Meanwhile, the Oakland teachers’ union was spending valuable time in reopening negotiations demanding a Black Reparations Fund. The union proposed that Local Control Funding Formula money for foster youth, English language learners, and low-income students be redirected to new “Black Sanctuary District” programs. The woke posturing in Oakland demonstrates a pattern of California educators and other professionals wielding their cultural power to uphold tech profits while taking for granted the profound economic inequalities caused by the COVID-19 lockdown. The major stakeholders, while supposedly at odds, all supported government frugality as a science-based safety measure. With online learning now fully in place, social justice narratives contend that staring at screens is emancipation. Various tech initiatives like the Modern Classrooms Project allege that online learning is progressive because it allows for self-pacing. The concept of virtual self-pacing is tied to declarations that some students are “thriving” through online education. School, proponents of distance learning claim, is perhaps too long, too demanding; the standards and expectations may be too high. Distance learning, they argue, allows kids to organize their own time, regardless of whether it is developmentally appropriate or not. Similarly, education theories such as “Abolitionist Teaching” posit that white supremacy creates trauma for Black students at school. Therefore, the fundamental structures of school must be rethought. Intellectuals and writers who characterize school as inherently racist are assisting in a union-busting project. Abolitionist theorists even call on teachers’ unions themselves to demand curriculum and personnel changes, and scheduling that adheres to anti-racist thought. The digitization of schools is an initial step toward digitization of society as a whole. Just as the school bell schedule was designed around the factory model, so the current model of virtual learning is training affluent students for a life of self-directed work at home. It is training low-income students for a life of no work at all. Rejecting a Lockdown Future “The long-term effects of school closures will define a generation. Children are facing increased rates of severe abuse and a mental health catastrophe. We’ve told children that their existence is harmful and their lives are unimportant. We abandoned them and they won’t forget it.” “Greater income inequality, increased unemployment, growing dependence on government, and more mass migrations are a few of the most pressing problems that failing to train the next generation of workers for the digitally driven economy will bring.” [page 3] Given this threat to the teaching profession, the CTA and local unions must divest from corporate interests that aim to dismantle labor. Bribing politicians can only get educators so far. Teachers can no longer give in to the mafia-style antics of the Democratic Party if they want to survive. Union dues should not be spent on Newsom’s reelection campaign, but on a state-wide strike fund. Charter school champions benefit when public schools lose enrollment because of systematic mismanagement. They will also benefit when the union starts hemorrhaging membership due to its corruption and negligence.Since March the American left has framed neoliberal lockdown policies as the only morally viable option for dealing with COVID-19. In doing so, they have fetishized teachers’ unions and used their labor negotiations as the prime example of worker support for lockdown. Now that the damage has been done and soaring unemployment has disempowered all workers, the left may begin to roll back its discredited justifications for lockdown. No matter what challenges arise, social services and public institutions should be non-negotiable for any socialist, populist, or pro-worker politics. Schools are necessary for communal and individual well-being—they are just as essential as health care. In their education children do not only learn content; they also learn by example and through experience. It is our collective task to consider what message continued policies of school closure and austerity send to the younger generation. They will not forget it if we fail to develop alternatives. [Alex Gutentag is a public school teacher in California and a former union representative. You can follow her on Twitter at @galexybrane]	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line199
__label__cc	0.624208	0.375792	Fleetwood Mac's 'Dreams' Charts Billboard Hot 100 Thanks To Viral TikTok By Karena V. Oct 14, 2020 Fleetwood Mac's "Dreams" has re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the first time in 43 years. The song appeared at No. 21 this week, thanks to the mega-viral TikTok video starring cranbbery juice-chugging skateboarder Nathan Apodaca. It's Fleetwood Mac's first appearance in the Hot 100 since 2003. "Dreams" last appeared on the chart on August 20th, 1977. In case you missed Stevie Nicks taking part of the 'Dreams' challenge see below!!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line201
__label__wiki	0.56584	0.56584	Leadership for Methodist Medical Group George Williams, MD, MMM, FACEP, President, Methodist Medical Group President, Methodist Medical Group George Williams joined Methodist Health System in January 2016 as President of the Methodist Medical Group and Senior Vice President for Physician Services. Methodist Medical Group is the multi-specialty physician group affiliated with Methodist Health System and is comprised of 130 medical providers and over 450 total employees. Under Dr. Williams’ leadership, Methodist Medical Group has reorganized its committee structure and closely aligned its strategic objectives with those of the Methodist Health System. The medical group endeavors to accentuate the system’s commitment to continuous quality improvement, patient experience, financial stewardship, innovation, employee engagement, and leadership development. Dr. Williams was previously employed by the MultiCare Health System in Tacoma, Washington. He served as the senior physician executive providing operational, clinical, and strategic leadership for MultiCare’s Neurosciences, Surgery, Cancer, Women’s Health, and Cardiovascular Carelines. Prior to 2011, Dr. Williams practiced emergency medicine with the St. Joseph Mercy Health System in southeast Michigan. Simultaneously, he was appointed to the Board of Emergency Physicians Medical Group and elected Chief of Staff at St. Joseph Mercy Saline Hospital. He has held multiple emergency department medical directorships and provided medical leadership for the Observation Unit and Chest Pain Center at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He also served in the U.S. Air Force Medical Corps. His educational accomplishments include attending Baylor University, obtaining a medical degree from Baylor College of Medicine, and completing emergency medicine residency training at the University of Michigan. In 2010, he earned a Masters of Medical Management degree from the University of Southern California. Dr. Williams is board certified in Emergency Medicine and Administrative Medicine. He is a member of the American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Association for Physician Leadership. Maria Valdez-Pouwels, CPA, Chief Financial Officer Maria Valdez-Pouwels, CPA, is a healthcare executive with more than 20 years of healthcare operational and financial experience. Maria’s finance and operational leadership have resulted in her attracting and holding key positions for multi-state healthcare companies which include Vice President of Physician Operations and Physician Group CFO. Maria has also served as a consultant for the nation’s premier healthcare management consulting firm and has served as an independent consultant for various organizations. Maria’s background in physician alignment and regulatory healthcare compliance, has assisted corporate executives and physician leadership in the implementation of their physician employment strategy. With a wealth of financial and operational health care knowledge and experience, Maria understands both the finance and operations that drives and impacts the performance critical to the success of a healthcare organization and what needs to be done to assist the organization, their leaders, providers and staff to work together effectively to respond to these and other challenges. Her passion is helping health care organizations and their leaders manage with quality and compliance while improving their bottom line.Ryan Alcantar, MBA, Senior Director, Care Transformation Stephanie Sturgin, MHA,Vice President of Operations Stephanie Sturgin, MHA, has more than 20 years of healthcare administration experience. She obtained her Bachelor degree from Texas A & M University and her Masters’ of Healthcare Administration from Texas Woman’s University. Prior to joining Methodist Medical Group, Stephanie worked through many levels of administration from managing large private practices to directing operations for a multispecialty practices of more than 400 providers. Most recently, she was the Director of Operations for the Continental Division of HCA Physician Services Group in Denver, Colorado and Wichita, Kansas, Markets. Stephanie believes strongly in the virtue of servant leadership, and sees her role as vice president of operations for Methodist Medical Group as one that removes barriers to success. Stephanie has been married to her husband, Chamberlain, since 2002, and they are the parents of one son, Liam. Michael Marshall, MD, FAAP, FACP, Chief Medical Officer Stephen Mueller, MD, Medical Director, Specialty Care Brian Jones, MD, Associate Chief Medical Officer Tracy Giacoma, RN, MSN, MBA, FACHE, Vice President of Transplant Services Paulita Barron-Velasquez, MBA, Regional Director, Primary Care Nishu Wadhawan, MBBS, MBA, Regional Director, Specialty Care Robert Davis, MBA, Regional Director, Primary Care Ruth Barclay, Marketing Director Tim Gee, Director of Finance Karen Oliver-Thomas, Director, Revenue Cycle	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line216
__label__wiki	0.588395	0.588395	AV & Video Conferencing Audio Visual Solutions Audio Visual Technology ClineCall – Healthcare Video Consultation Business Mobile Tariffs Business Mobile Contracts Managed Mobile Services Mobile In-Building Coverage Cloud Telephony Swift by Arrow Scala By Arrow Microsoft Teams Direct Routing White Label Engineering CityFibre – Gigabit Connectivity Cloud – Hosting & Colocation Wi-Fi Solutions CyberSecurity by Altinet Pulse Business Energy and Water About Arrow Arrow Values 5G is nearly here – but what about the phones to use it? Arrow News Desk When can buyers expect the first generation of 5G-ready smartphones to hit the market? Mobile operators in the UK are ramping up their preparations for 5G, with testing well under way and the first commercial rollouts scheduled for 2019. But while the infrastructure to support this technology appears to be coming along nicely, faster mobile networks are only half the solution. Having access to a high-speed 5G-capable network won't be much use to consumers unless they actually have a handset that is able to tap into this. And while we've been hearing a lot recently about how 5G has the potential to transform how we connect wirelessly, there's been rather less heard about the handsets we'll actually use to do this. Huawei and OnePlus set to lead the way However, this is set to change over the next few months, with several hardware manufacturers expected to debut their first 5G-ready devices. Once the technology does reach commercial reality, it surely won't be too long before every smartphone is 5G-capable, but in the first wave, it seems that the likes of Huawei, OnePlus and Samsung are set to lead the charge. Chinese firm Huawei is expected to be among the first to officially unveil its devices, perhaps helped by the fact it's also a major player on the network infrastructure side. Indeed, the firm recently announced it has signed 22 commercial contracts for 5G around the world. It has been suggested that the company will look to introduce a foldable device that can be converted into either a smartphone or tablet-sized display in June 2019, and this is expected to come with 5G connectivity. We don't know much more about it at this stage, but it's likely to be a powerhouse, premium device. Huawei may well be competing with OnePlus for the prestige of being the first manufacturer to release a 5G phone. Co-founder of OnePlus Carl Pei recently confirmed that his company is set to launch 5G-ready devices in 2019 and would be one of the first to do so, if not the very first. Again, specs are still a closely-held secret, but commentators have suggested it's first offering is likely to replace the current 6T as the firm's flagship device. Will users expect to pay a premium? Normally, it's to be expected that new technology such as 5G will make its debut on flagship, premium devices, and as it is set to arrive at around the same time as advances such as foldable screens and the next generation of Qualcomm's chipset, many manufacturers may look to create powerful flagship devices that bundle together all these new features – with prices to match. Samsung, for example, is likely to offer its next flagship Galaxy S10 in two forms – one with 5G and one without. Given that this year's Galaxy S9 went on sale at prices exceeding £900 for high-end versions, it may well be the case that if you want to be among the first to enjoy 5G on a Samsung, you'll have to pay as much as four figures for the privilege. 5G may also show up in the firm's foldable devices to compete with Huawei. However, other manufacturers may take a different view. OnePlus, for example, has hinted that while its first 5G phones are likely to come in above the price of its current OnePlus 6T flagship, the step up may not be too steep. Indeed, there are suggestions that its first device could start at around $100 (£78) more than the current 6T flagship model. More details about what we can expect from the first generation of 5G phones will undoubtedly start coming out in the next few months. January's CES show in Las Vegas could well be the starting point for the first debuts, while the following month's Mobile World Congress in Barcelona is another likely occasion for big reveals. We can help your business! Contact Arrow Now Microsoft Teams and the permanent shift to ‘hybrid working’ How do you ensure the cloud is safe for highly-demanding applications? Public Cloud Security: Knowing your options IT and Security With over 20 years in the business telecoms industry and an unrivalled reputation of delivering excellent, personal customer service, Arrow is one of very few companies in the UK able to provide a full telecoms, IT and energy consultancy and service proposition.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line226
__label__wiki	0.742854	0.742854	My Dead Parents Yurchyshyn, Anya Anya Yurchyshyn grew up in a narrow townhouse in Boston, every corner filled with the souvenirs of her parents' adventurous international travels. On their trips to Africa, Italy, and Saudi Arabia, her mother, Anita, and her father, George, lived an entirely separate life from the one they led as the parents of Anya and her sister - one that Anya never saw. The parents she knew were a brittle, manipulative alcoholic and a short-tempered disciplinarian- people she imagined had never been in love. When she was sixteen, Anya's father was killed in a car accident in Ukraine. At thirty-two, she became an orphan when her mother drank herself to death. As she was cleaning out her childhood home, she suddenly discovered a trove of old letters, photographs, and journals hidden in the debris of her mother's life. These lost documents told a very different story than the one she'd believed to be true - of a forbidden romance; of a loving marriage, and the loss of a child. With these revelations in hand, Anya undertook an investigation, interviewing relatives and family friends, traveling to Wales and Ukraine, and delving deeply into her own difficult history in search of the truth, even uncovering the real circumstances of her father's death - not an accident, perhaps, but something more sinister. In this inspiring and unflinchingly honest debut memoir, Anya interrogates her memories of her family and examines what it means to be our parents' children. What do we inherit, and what can we choose to leave behind? How do we escape the ghosts of someone else's past? And can we learn to love our parents not as our parents, but simply as people? Universal and personal; heartbreaking and redemptive, My Dead Parents helps us to see why sometimes those who love us best hurt us most. Publisher: New York : Crown, ©2018. Characteristics: 337 pages :,illustrations, portraits ;,22 cm. Read more reviews of My Dead Parents at iDreamBooks.com Jane_Sm Oct 22, 2018 Bogs down somewhat in the middle, as the author struggles to cope with her mother's alcoholism. But both in the early sections and at the end she arrives at an understanding of who her parents were as persons in their worlds, not just as her mom and dad. Overall a worthwhile journey for both author and reader. JCLCatherineG May 26, 2018 This author's childhood was beyond disfunctional. The intimate details of her mother's alcoholism was difficult to read. It was so depressing that I gave up half way through. Yurchyshyn, Anya — Family. Parent and Child	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line227
__label__wiki	0.579856	0.579856	Uncategorized — Tech support software closes in on Turing Test pass The software that took home this year's Loebner Prize for best performance on … John Timmer - Oct 16, 2008 3:59 pm UTC In addition to being one of the fathers of computer science, Alan Turing postulated a very simple test for when computers move beyond calculations and start engaging in what we might consider thought. For Turing, the ultimate test was whether a person, engaged in a text-based conversation with a machine, would believe that it was conversing with another human. Each year, the University of Reading hosts a competition where software is put to this test, with the winner taking home the Loebner Prize in Artificial Intelligence. This year's winner, called Elbot, came within one judge of passing the test, but its success may be less important than the underlying technology: Elbot is the product of a company that promises its software can help companies take the requirement for humans out of live chats and e-mail. Over a dozen competitors took part in this year's contest, including older favorites like ALICE and Jabberwacky, both of which wound up among the six finalists. Elbot took home the Loebner Prize by convincing three of a dozen judges that it was human; it and most of the rest of the bots received high scores for portions of their conversation. Typically, fooling 30 percent of people is considered a pass on the Turing Test, so this suggests that the combination of fast processors and sophisticated software is on the verge of passing the test. It's worth pointing out that having a computer pass the test is likely to tell us something about Turing's standard for artificial intelligence, rather than conclusively demonstrate that computers have reached something that approximates intelligence. So far, the software behind the chat bots doesn't seem to involve the sort of wide-ranging intellectual capacity that we tend to file under "intelligence." Nevertheless, the chat bots can extract a degree of information from a sentence and formulate a response that's generally at least peripherally related to the matter at hand, as you can tell from a visit to the winner. I started two chats with Elbot with roughly the same question and had wildly different results. Sometimes, it was clear that the software was grasping for anything in what I typed that it could work with, but at other times it seemed positively witty and thoughtful, such as when it concluded, "My guesses would probably be more interesting than the actual answer." What was most striking to me, however, was the company that was putting Elbot up on the web. Artificial Solutions' home page comes with a chat bot in the top corner—when asked about the Loebner Prize, it was happy to tell me, "Loebner? Elbot (www.elbot.com) won a contest with that name, I heard. Must be some kind of 'best piece of garbage' contest." Why is a company interested in chat bots, rudely dismissive or otherwise? Welcome to the next generation of tech support. The company sells an e-mail analysis system that promises to perform a natural language analysis of incoming mail and formulate a reply, attaching any relevant documents. The response is forwarded to a live human to determine if the software got it right, but it obviously has the potential to take some of the drudge work out of a number of potential duties. In the same manner, an interactive chat assistant can be posted on a company support page, where it will engage in a full-fledged, Turing-like conversation and attempt to determine what a user is looking for. If it's successful, no real human time will have been wasted in answering an easy question. If it fails, the human it forwards the problem to can rely on the chat transcript to quickly get up to speed. These capabilities are obviously an extension of existing automated support systems, and they only require a fairly specialized sort of intelligence. Having been driven to the verge of violence by both automated and human support, I can't tell whether this represents a good trend or not. John Timmer John became Ars Technica's science editor in 2007 after spending 15 years doing biology research at places like Berkeley and Cornell. Email jtimmer@arstechnica.com // Twitter @j_timmer	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line228
__label__wiki	0.698694	0.698694	Appropriations Committee Approves Fiscal Year 2021 Commerce-Justice-Science Funding Bill July 14, 2020 Press Release The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2021 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies bill on a vote of 30 to 22. Commerce, Justice, Science Chairwoman Lowey Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Commerce-Justice-Science Funding Bill July 14, 2020 Statement "To the bill before us, as we confront the twin crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and systemic racism, the American people are demanding action to build safer and stronger communities for all people. The fiscal year 2021 CJS appropriations bill recognizes and acts on the urgent need for meaningful police reform, racial justice, and the defense of civil rights for every American. Strong funding in this bill would support law enforcement reform at the state and local level while catalyzing economic development in disadvantaged communities that is fundamental to a more just and equitable society." Chairman Serrano Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Commerce-Justice-Science Funding Bill "The fiscal year 2021 Commerce, Justice, Science Appropriations bill includes a total of $71.473 billion in discretionary budget authority, which is a 1.7 billion dollar decrease below last year’s level. This reflects a natural decline due to decreased needs associated with the completion of the 2020 Census. That said, at this funding level, the bill sustains strong increases to invest in promoting economic development, reducing gun violence, addressing climate change, sustaining scientific leadership, and implementing police accountability and police reform." Appropriations Committee Approves Fiscal Year 2021 Defense Funding Bill The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2021 Defense bill on a vote of 30 to 22. Chairwoman Lowey Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Defense Funding Bill "This bill provides the Defense Department with the appropriate level of resources to address an evolving threat landscape and to ensure the security of our nation and our allies. It ensures that our servicemembers are well-trained and equipped and that they are prepared for future military needs. We have the most capable and advanced military in the world, and this bill honors their mission by adequately funding programs to care for servicemembers and their families, and by including provisions to end the Trump administration’s theft of defense funds to pay for a wasteful border wall." Appropriations Committee Releases FY 2021 Homeland Security, Financial Services and General Government Bill Reports Ahead of Wednesday Markup The House Appropriations Committee today released its reports accompanying the fiscal year 2021 Homeland Security and Financial Services and General Government appropriations bills. Financial Services, Homeland Security Chairman Visclosky Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Defense Funding Bill "This legislation recognizes the complex challenges the members of our Armed Forces and intelligence community face every day throughout the world, and it aims to ensure that they are able to continue to meet these challenges and complete their missions to the best of their abilities. To support this forward-looking posture, the bill makes major investments in operations and maintenance, procurement, and research and development." Appropriations Committee Approves Fiscal Year 2021 Labor-HHS-Education Funding Bill The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2021 Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies bill on a vote of 30 to 22. Labor, HHS, Education Chairwoman Lowey Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Labor-HHS-Education Funding Bill "The FY 2021 Labor-HHS bill rejects President Trump’s proposed budget cuts and instead increases investments in important priorities that support working families, improve health security, and build a stronger future for all Americans. Critically, the bill would strengthen our response to coronavirus and the accompanying economic crisis through robust funding for state and local public health departments and public laboratories, and for the accelerated development and production of vaccines and therapeutics. With this bill, we empower families and communities by making investments to keep up with America’s health care, education, and workforce needs, so every person has a better chance at a better life." Chairwoman DeLauro Statement at Full Committee Markup of FY 2021 Labor-HHS-Education Funding Bill "This bill supports some of our nation’s most critical programs. From Early Head Start to Social Security, they touch individuals and families throughout their lives."	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line231
__label__cc	0.68941	0.31059	What Is The Rank Of The Word Banana? How do you find the rank of a word with repetition? What is the rank of word random in dictionary? What is the rank of the word danger? How do you find the permutation of a word? How many ways can the word school be arranged? What is the rank of banana in dictionary? What is the rank of the word mother? What is the rank of the word eamcet? How many different words can be formed by rearranging the letters of the word success? What is the number of permutations of the letters in the word banana? What is the rank of the word Zenith? How many 4 letter words can be formed using the letters of the word ineffective? What is the rank of the word master in dictionary order? What is the rank of the word school? Rank of a word – with repetition of lettersStep 1: Write down the letters in alphabetical order. The correct order is B, I, O, P, P, S.Step 2: Find out the number of words that start with a superior letter. Step 3: Solve the same problem, without considering the first letter.. 614∴ Rank of the word random in a dictionary is 614. ∴ Rank of the word ‘DANGER’ =120+6+6+3=135. To calculate the amount of permutations of a word, this is as simple as evaluating n! , where n is the amount of letters. A 6-letter word has 6! =6⋅5⋅4⋅3⋅2⋅1=720 different permutations. To write out all the permutations is usually either very difficult, or a very long task. 120 total arrangements. The number of ways that the letters of “school” can be arranged s.t. the o’s are not adjacent then is the total number of arrangements minus the arrangements where the o’s are adjacent: 360–120=240. 35th rankTherefore, banana in the dictionary have the 35th rank. This is given by 120 + 120 + 24 + 24 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 = 308. Since, there are 308 combinations before the word, ‘MOTHER’. The rank of the word MOTHER is 308 + 1 =309. Hence rank of the word EAMCET will be 60+60+6+6+1=120+12+1=133. = 5040, but there are two “c”s, so swapping them wouldn’t change anything, cutting the number of possibilities in half… but wait, there are three “s”s, which cuts the number of possibilities down by a factor of 6 (3!), leaving 2520 / 6 = 420. 60which gives 60 So 60 distinguishable permutation of the letters in BANANA. 616Thus, the rank of the word ZENITH is 616. Note: A common type of problem in many examinations is to find the rank of a given word in a dictionary. What this means is that you are supposed to find the position of that word when all permutations of the word are written in alphabetical order. These four letters can be arranged in (43)=4 ways. Hence the total number of words with 3 same and one different letters is 6×4=24 ways. The rank is 120+120+6+6+2+2+1=257. Hence, The rank of the word MASTER is 257. Note: This tool calculates the rank of a given word when all the letters of that word are written in all possible orders and arranged in alphabetical or dictionary order. In the final step, we will add 1 for SCHOOL itself. Therefore, the rank of the word SCHOOL = 302 + 1 = 303. What Is Claim In Simple Words? What does I claim you mean? A claim is when you express Question: Do You Have To Pay For A Valuation On Your House? How long does a valuation on house take? around 2 weeksOnce Question: What Is The Benefit Of A Trust Over A Will? How much does it cost to put house in a trust? Quick Answer: What Was The Life Expectancy In 1880? What was the life expectancy in Jesus time? Quick Answer: Do I Have To Tell My Landlord If Someone Moves In? Do I have to tell my landlord if someone moves in with	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line236
__label__wiki	0.627623	0.627623	US federal court calls NSA’s mass phone data collection illegal By Harvey Forrest On Sep 7, 2020 The guard changes, and with it, the tweets, Jan.… Crypto anti-terrorism bill introduced in the US… In the final decision on a criminal case that began a decade ago, an appellate court has said that the National Security Agency’s phone data collection practices were in fact illegal. They did, however, uphold the convictions in the case. According to the 9th Circuit Court’s Sept. 2 opinion in USA v. Moalin: We conclude that the government may have violated the Fourth Amendment and did violate the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (“FISA”) when it collected the telephony metadata of millions of Americans. The court continued to attack the program, writing that the government’s case neglects that “the collection of millions of other people’s telephony metadata, and the ability to aggregate and analyze it, makes the collection of Moalin’s own metadata considerably more revealing.” Despite denouncing the overall program, the court upheld Moalin’s conviction on the basis that the role of phone metadata in the case was minor relative to the government’s use of recorded calls, which were legitimate: The government’s principal evidence against defendants consisted of a series of recorded calls between Moalin, his codefendants, and individuals in Somalia, obtained through a wiretap of Moalin’s phone. A California court initially indicted Basaaly Saeed Moalin alongside three co-conspirators back in July 2010 for financing Somali extremist group al-Shabab. The court found them guilty of five counts related to money laundering and terrorism financing. The four sent $10,900 to al-Shabaab over the course of 2008. The NSA cited the trio’s 2013 conviction as a flagship success of the agency’s data collection program. The program, which began under the Bush administration shortly after the 9/11 attacks, has been wildly controversial since its revelation in 2014 by Edward Snowden. It is in the aftermath of the Snowden revelations that Moalin, a cab driver, saw his appeal attract national attention. The 2015 Freedom Act effectively ended the NSA’s phone surveillance program, but ominous is that it lasted as long as it did without attracting any whistleblowers prior to Snowden, who remains in hiding. Snowden and fears of dystopian government surveillance became central to conversations about untangling networks from centralized actors. Alongside Wikileaks, one of the first organizations to accept Bitcoin, the revelations of phone tapping spurred a great deal of public interest in cryptocurrencies and other technologies resistant to government intrusion. The NSA, for its part, has had a number of its hacking tools hijacked, most famously the EternalBlue exploit that became the basis for the Wannacry malware that plagued 2017. DeFi experts say that Ethereum 2.0 is not the answer to high gas fees Binance brings out platform for farming new assets	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line237
__label__wiki	0.502759	0.502759	September 12, 2020 August 23, 2020 Jennifer TreeceLeave a Comment on Phantom Island-Story 8-Part 4-“Mr. McCray” Phantom Island-Story 8-Part 4-“Mr. McCray” “What did I say to you?” Kelly asked. “I’m not sure I remember the exact words, but they were something like, you’re all better now.” “What happened to you after we parted ways?” Kelly asked. “If you don’t mind my asking.” Duncan replied with one of his chuckles. Kelly liked how he did that and was quickly becoming accustomed to it. “I don’t mind at all.” He said. “I spent the next eight years on the move; working odd jobs, saving up my money and staying hidden. Once I was old enough to not have to worry about the workhouse anymore, I returned to my happy shipyard.” “There was a new guy at the security gate who told me they didn’t need anybody, but I spotted a couple of the guys I used to work with nearby. I yelled out the nicknames I used to have for them and they stopped to stare at me for a minute before running over to let me in.” “After a few minutes of them trying to talk over each other to me, while also telling the guard who I was, we were on our way to the boss’s office. By the time we got to the office door, there was a whole group around me.” “The boss came out to see what all the noise was and, upon seeing my face, immediately teared up and pulled me into one of his bear hugs.” “I told him I would like to come back. He laughed and asked me how I’d like to learn how to run the place. I was stunned but everyone else seemed excited about it, so I accepted the job.” “When I asked if I still had a room there, he told me no, but he knew another place.” Duncan laughed. “He was so excited to show me that he wouldn’t wait until the end of the day. We left right then, early morning, and went back to his house.” “He reintroduced me to his wife, who had been so kind to me when I was there as a boy. She squealed so loud I feared for my poor eardrums.” He laughed again. “The boss told her that I was back and needed a place to stay. She gave him a knowing look with tears in her eyes. Then she shook her head and walked back into the kitchen. I wasn’t sure what that meant until he led me down the hall to a bedroom that had clearly been set up for a boy.” “He told me that he had built the room onto their house and his wife had fixed it up, back when I first came to the shipyard; all in hopes that I would come live with them one day. I then understood her reaction to those words. They had been planning on taking me in the whole time.” “He also told me that he wanted to go get me the second it was finished and bring me to my room, but she had made him swear not to say anything until my birthday. She was planning a nice dinner and a big chocolate cake, just for me. The room, and all the stuff in it, was going to be the present. He said she even made the giant bow that was still on the door all this time later.” “He then added that she had been living with guilt all these years because she’s the one who wanted to wait until my birthday. No one could talk her out of it. He suggested that I try. I went straight to the kitchen to do just that. When I told her that guy would have just followed me here too and that leaving was the only way to get away from him, she scolded the boss for telling me, and told us both to go wash up for dinner.” Duncan smiled fondly at the memory of his adoptive mother. “Eventually, the boss and I built my house next to theirs. And when I met the woman I wanted to marry, they were the ones I told first. The boss’s wife redecorated my whole house to suit the needs and tastes of a woman.” He chuckled. “They were beside themselves when my first child was born; and equally excited when the next three came along. They spoiled them and taught them and told them stories, like all the best grandparents do.” “Time passed and the boss and his wife grew old. Their kids had grown up and left before I’d come back. Their son had died in war and their daughter had moved far away, so the business was left to me when they passed, as was their home and property.” “I continued to live a life much like the boss had lived. I ran the business and took care of my wife and children.” “It was when my wife was on her death bed that my own age came into question. She had made a remark before she passed about how I had barely aged at all since we met. It, being one of the last things she ever said to me, got stuck in my head. Then I started paying attention to my reflection; she had been right.” “By the time my grandchildren grew up and had their own kids, it was the topic of nearly every conversation. I had barely changed at all in over seventy years.” “I am so very sorry.” Kelly said. “It’s all right, miss.” Duncan replied. “But I know that pain and I would not wish it on anyone.” She said. He smiled. “It really is alright. Should I continue with the story?” “Now, as you have stated, you know that pain; which means you also understand the need to stay on the move.” Kelly shook her head. This she understood very well. “When all of my own children passed, I gave everything to my grandchildren, and moved to a distant town where people didn’t know me. There I started a new career as a private investigator.” He chuckled again. “I never thought of myself going fully over to that side of the law, but, I guess stranger things have happened, huh?” This made her laugh. She really did like this man. “I was able to help so many people, mostly thanks to a lot of life experience. Also, I was able to locate a great number of run-aways, due to my own childhood. More than that, I was able to help the kids who didn’t have a proper home to go back to. It has been an extremely fulfilling life and I am grateful for every moment of it.” “Me and all of the people I was able to help, all of the people whose lives I was able to make happier, all of the children and grandchildren that I helped to raise and teach who have gone on to help others… it is all thanks to you.” Kelly started to cry. “I understand now why you call it a gift. It is rare that these abilities ever lead to anything good, even with the best intentions. But I have enjoyed your company today immensely. I believe I needed your visit and I needed to hear your story. You can now count me as one of the people whose life you have improved.” Tears began to sting Duncan’s eyes at those words. “I am glad to hear that. More than glad, I am thrilled!” He said enthusiastically. Kelly giggled. “I’m serious! It’s not often that a woman tells a man that he has managed to say all the right things to make her life better.” At that Kelly burst into laughter. And when Duncan joined in, everyone in the diner started to laugh along quietly as if his laughter was contagious. He does have one of those laughs, Kelly thought. He really is a joy to be around and she is happy to call him her friend. Once the laughter settled and more fresh coffee was poured, Duncan’s expression became more serious. “As much as I hate to do this, it is just one of those things that must be done.” He took a deep breath before continuing. “I have told you all the good news up front, but there is, unfortunately some bad as well.” Now it was Kelly’s turn to take a deep breath. She nodded her head when she was as prepared as she could be. “While I was tracking you, I came upon two other people who were doing the same. They don’t know about me. I found them out and did my best to race ahead of them to get to you first. I am unsure of their intentions, and I was unable to investigate them thoroughly, as I was in a rush.” Kelly drew her eyebrows together in confusion as her mind raced to figure out who else might want to track her down, and why. Duncan continued. “One of them is male and one is female. Both are said to be immortal.” Kelly’s heart sank to the pit of her stomach. “I couldn’t find too much else about the female, but the male is apparently a bounty hunter. One who specifically hunts for other immortals.” “An immortal bounty hunter who hunts other immortals? How many can there be?!” She asked disconsolately. “Calm yourself, miss. You can’t possibly be responsible for them all. In fact, I know you aren’t. I spent a lot of my life, investigating and researching. I have come across quite a few who have absolutely no ties to you whatsoever. And before you even think it, yes, I am certain. How am I so sure? Because some of my research led me back into the stone-age. Were you alive then?” Kelly shook her head, no. “Of course, you weren’t!” He said cheerfully. “Do you know what all of this means for you?” She shook her head no again. “It means that you can stop walking through your life with all that weight on your shoulders, because immortality and even strange abilities have always existed. Case and point, no one made you immortal or gave you these abilities, did they?” She could only stare wild eyed at him now. “Exactly.” He said. “As far as I can tell, immortals are born right along-side everyone else in this world; some with incredible talents, others with strange or dangerous ones. And… some live longer than others.” No one had ever had this much of her attention before. “Does that mean we can die?” she asked. “It means that some do, yes. Though some require a certain method of death, such as beheading, there have been several who suddenly died of natural causes.” “I should point out that your particular ability gives you certain persuasions over life and death, so your case seems to be unique. I also haven’t come across any other with the ability to create other immortals; either intentionally or unintentionally.” Duncan looked down at his forearm as if he were looking at a watch that wasn’t there, then back to her. “Unfortunately miss, I must be going soon. I was able to find someone to help me get to this mystical island to speak to you, but only for the day, that was the deal.” “What do you mean?” she asked. “I found a lady who was able to give me directions to this island. But she told me that only certain people were allowed to stay on the island, and I’m not one of them, so I can only visit. And I can only do that once.” “That sounds similar to how I found my way here.” she said. “I know.” He replied. “I tracked you all the way to her shop. She called me by name when I walked in the door; called me straight to the back room and started talking. I didn’t have to ask a single question.” “That’s convenient.” She said. “Yes, it was.” He checked his arm again. Unfortunately, we have run out of time. I knew I would be leaving you with a lot of questions…” he trailed off as he reached into the seat next to him and retrieved a small bag. “…so, I brought this for you. This bag contains all of my personal journals. The journals are records of all my research. I won’t be needing them anymore.” Kelly gasped as she took his meaning. “You mean you’re dying?” She asked as tears filled her eyes once again. “Yes miss, I am. The nice lady who helped me to find and visit you today told me that I would have enough time for this and to make my way home to my family.” “I have kept in touch with them throughout the generations, so they are aware of immortals and of my story. I also let them know what will be happening today. Everything is all set and ready. I have a nice comfy bed waiting for me when I get there, since the lady was also nice enough to inform me that I would be dying peacefully in my sleep after a wonderful dinner with my great, great, great, great grandchildren.” He chuckled. Kelly smiled at him through her tears. Knowing that she could do nothing to change the situation, she simply reached across the table to hold his hands in hers. “I wish we could have stayed in touch. It has truly been a pleasure to be in your company and I am honoured to be included in your last day.” Duncan patted her hands before standing to leave. “The honour has been mine, I assure you.” He replied through a smile. “Say, you wouldn’t want to escort an old man to the docks by any chance, would you?” Kelly returned the smile. “It will be a privilege to be seen on the arm of the most handsome man on the island.” They shared a laugh as they exited the diner arm in arm. End of Phantom Island-Story 8-Part 4-“Mr. McCray” Thank you for reading! Please like and subscribe! Copyright©2020 Jennifer Treece Categories Phantom IslandTags Phantom Island Previous Phantom Island-Story 8-Part 3-“Mr. McCray” Next Phantom Island-Season One Finale!-Story 9-Part 1-“Reunion”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line242
__label__cc	0.574689	0.425311	The ten brilliant women who are the focus of Sharp came from different backgrounds and had vastly divergent political and artistic opinions. But they all made a significant contribution to the cultural and intellectual history of America and ultimately changed the course of the twentieth century, in spite of the men who often undervalued or dismissed their work. These ten women―Dorothy Parker, Rebecca West, Hannah Arendt, Mary McCarthy, Susan Sontag, Pauline Kael, Joan Didion, Nora Ephron, Renata Adler, and Janet Malcolm―are united by what Dean calls “sharpness,” the ability to cut to the quick with precision of thought and wit. Sharp is a vibrant depiction of the intellectual beau monde of twentieth-century New York, where gossip-filled parties at night gave out to literary slugging-matches in the pages of the Partisan Review or the New York Review of Books. It is also a passionate portrayal of how these women asserted themselves through their writing in a climate where women were treated with extreme condescension by the male-dominated cultural establishment. Mixing biography, literary criticism, and cultural history, Sharp is a celebration of this group of extraordinary women, an engaging introduction to their works, and a testament to how anyone who feels powerless can claim the mantle of writer, and, perhaps, change the world.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line243
__label__cc	0.66987	0.33013	On January 5, 2021 January 5, 2021 by Sajith Herath Nowadays Instagram is the most famous and trendy mobile application in the world. As well as Instagram is a social web platform, that can share your photos and videos. Moreover, you can share your photos and videos with many filters. In addition, Instagram photos are... How to See Someone’s Old Instagram Username? On September 25, 2020 September 25, 2020 by Sajith Herath Instagram is the best photo and video sharing social network in the world. Billions of people active on Instagram to share their videos and photos through this platform. Also, many people try to make contact with people who join Instagram for several reasons such as... How to See Who Viewed Your Facebook Profile? How to see who viewed your Facebook profile? Facebook is the largest social media network in the world now. So lots of people joined this networked world wild and they have made close relationships online. If you need to find any people who active on... How to Recover Deleted Post on Facebook? On July 28, 2020 September 5, 2020 by Sajith Herath Have you accidentally deleted your Facebook post? So How to Recover Deleted Post on Facebook? This is a common question that always asking many people on Facebook community pages. Unfortunately, if you delete something on Facebook, it will be permanently deleted from the site. However,... How to Fix Facebook Dating Not Working Problem? On July 19, 2020 July 26, 2020 by Sajith Herath Facebook is the largest social network in the world. Billions of people already joined this platform for many reasons. Facebook always trying to get the best user experience for its users. So while ago they launched Facebook Dating app for who looking for girl/boy to... Where are My Saved Videos On Facebook? On July 8, 2020 July 8, 2020 by Sajith Herath Facebook is the largest social media network in the world. As you know, billions of people share videos, pictures, and documents on this platform everyday. So Facebook developers give an option to save those videos and pictures to watch/see later for busy people. So most... Is Viber a Social Media? What is Exactly a Viber? On June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 by Sajith Herath Is Viber a Social Media? Lots of people ask this question on the many forums and social networks. However, Viber is an instant messaging app like WhatsApp, Imo, Messenger, etc. But it definitely has some social media functionalities. Viber app developed by Israel-based Viber Media,... How to Send Pictures on Instagram? Instagram is one of the popular, fastest-growing social media platform in the world. Most people try to send pictures of videos in direct messages, but they couldn’t because of some reason. while researching this problem, we have found some solutions for it. So in this... How to View Facebook Profile as Someone Else? On January 20, 2020 May 19, 2020 by Sajith Herath Facebook is the biggest social network in the world. Billions of people connect with Facebook and connect with different people. So people will able to see your profile if the profile is public. As you already know, we can hide our profile to block people...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line244
__label__cc	0.593125	0.406875	Goodbye to the Bevatron Liz Boatman A peak inside the Bevatron in 2009 The Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) and staff say their final goodbyes to a special facility this month: the Bevatron. Opened in 1954, the Bevatron (otherwise known as Building 51) was an operational proton accelerator until 1993. In those 39 years, research at the Bevatron produced several Nobel Prizes, including the 1959 Prize to Emilio Segrè and Owen Chamberlain for the discovery of the antiproton. At the time of construction, the Bevatron was the leading particle accelerator in the world! It cost a whopping $9 million to build (don’t ask about the demolition cost). Its ring measured 180 feet in diameter and its building occupied over 2.25 acres of ground at LBNL. Inside the ring were protons accelerated to kinetic energies of more than 6 billion electron-volts (BeV), thus the name Bevatron. Today, the world’s largest and highest-energy accelerator is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located near Geneva, Switzerland. And the price tag on the LHC? A scant 9-Beva-dollars ($9 billion). With a ring 17 miles in circumference, the LHC can accelerate protons to kinetic energies of 3.5 trillion eV (TeV). Design and construction of the LHC also involved over 10,000 scientists and engineers from across the planet! The remains of the Bevatron as of this week And so, as we watch construction crews tear down the “puny” Bevatron, we are not only commemorating some of the world’s most amazing particle physics discoveries; we are also saying goodbye to an entire era of physics. There are a lot of questions left to answer in physics, especially about the origins of the universe and some of the principle equations that govern our world. But, to put it simply, today these questions take 103 times the effort–and dollars–to answer. That’s the difference between a “TeV” and a “BeV”. Relative to many other science and engineering fields, this sort of dramatic leap is nearly unprecedented. Sure, bioengineers have cloned animals, but in my field, materials science, we still study the structure of steel. And steel is just a fancy term for iron alloys, which have been around since the “Iron Age” (1200 BC). We are also still learning how to optimally engineer quantum dots, which were first used to color window glass in the Medieval Age, over 500 years ago. Of course, the steel used in skyscrapers is hardly the iron once used in swords, and today we use quantum dots to harvest solar energy not just to fill the stained glass windows of churches–but you get my point. The leaps and bounds that physics has made in the past half-century are 103 times more amazing than many of us appreciate on a daily basis. So I encourage you to take a second (that’s 103 milliseconds) to say farewell to the Bevatron, once the most impressive feat of human engineering (we didn’t even land on the Moon until 1969 — 15 years after the Bevatron started smashing protons together!), and think about just how amazing modern science is. Graphene research at Cal: Close, but no Nobel Previous Rotationplasty rocks! Next Liz is a graduate student in Materials Science and Engineering. For research, she studies the material properties of fossil bones. Outside of graduate school, she enjoys backpacking, cycling, and soccer. Liz has been a BSR blog contributor since summer 2010. and Research highlights The “Google” for Scientists Ken Lim Piper Promotes: Molecular Foundry Call for Proposals Due July 15, 2012 Piper Klemm More efficient cook stoves for Haiti: In lab with Katee Lask Berkeley researcher Saul Perlmutter wins the Nobel prize in physics Erin Jarvis	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line250
__label__cc	0.64129	0.35871	Tag: testimony AUTHOR Ellen Hostetler And That’s a Wrap: It Is Written Online Evangelistic Series Hope Awakens Concludes with Thousands of Responses for Christ The production team behind Hope Awakens poses together in the It Is Written studio after the completion of the series. Hope Awakens, a global, online evangelistic series recently conducted by It Is Written, concluded May 16. The series of twenty, sixty-minute, livestreamed meetings began April 17. That was to be the date when Revelation Today started in a number of cities in Indiana, including Indianapolis. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, those in-person meetings were canceled, but within a matter of days It Is Written was planning a virtual series that would reach all of North America and the world. The meetings aired on hopeawakens.org, itiswritten.tv, Facebook, Roku, YouTube, LifeTalk Radio, Apple TV, Google Play, Amazon Fire, and through the It Is Written mobile app. More than one million people reacted to the social media advertising campaign. Almost three quarters of a million people responded to It Is Written directly. Tens of thousands of people registered to attend Hope Awakens. Over 3,500 people made decisions for Christ during the meetings and are being mentored by volunteers from the 600 churches who signed up to be a part of the initiative. Many attendees of Hope Awakens are attending local virtual communities to continue their studies with Bible workers who received special training by the It Is Written SALT (Soul-winning And Leadership Training) team. Attendees have also been invited to attend Take Charge of Your Health, the new It Is Written virtual, one-week series starting June 22. Stories are pouring in from people blessed by Hope Awakens: Denise worked on a cruise ship and was quarantined on board the ship off the Florida coast after a crew member was diagnosed with COVID-19. Denise found It Is Written online and discovered Hope Awakens. She began watching and looking into the Bible to study the texts that were being shared. Denise’s sister wrote, “She loved the presentations and learned so much and was fascinated to learn about how the Sabbath was changed. In fact, she was angry when she discovered this truth, knowing what God says had been kept from her for so long. Internet troubles prevented her from filling out an online decision card, so she emailed her decision to an online Bible worker who sent her decision to It Is Written! On May 2, 2020, right on the ship, she kept her first Sabbath, and she did the same the following week. What a God!” Another viewer wrote, “During the past four years, I’ve been praying for my son Chris, who struggles with addiction. He’s been watching the Hope Awakens meetings every night and requested that I call him after each meeting to pray with him. One night, his girlfriend, (who also struggles with addiction) asked to join us and tearfully surrendered her heart to Jesus while praying. Last night I heard my son pray for the first time. I am so thankful for these meetings. Jesus is changing my son’s life, and I’ve been given the privilege to witness it!” “Last year my church started a community garden,” said a third viewer. “We invited community gardeners to join our weekly Bible study, and two attended. One man went through the whole series of lessons and attended church once. We invited him to watch Hope Awakens. He did, and he made decisions. We just voted him into church fellowship on the profession of faith during our online church service.” One of our Bible workers dropped off a Mother’s Day gift and the book Steps to Christ to someone watching the meetings. The recipient shared, “I think I clicked on Hope Awakens because I was depressed, and now God is answering my prayers.” That was the point of Hope Awakens: to awaken hope in our Savior. To give people in an uncertain world a certain hope. In addition to being streamed in American Sign Language, Hope Awakens has been translated and shared in seven Indian languages. Meetings are also being held in French, Italian, and several languages for refugee groups in the United States. Pastor Robert Costa just completed a companion series in Spanish, and the meetings in English are being aired in New Zealand and Australia. If you watched Hope Awakens, please take the short follow-up survey: iiw.us/has. Archives of the meetings are available on demand at hopeawakens.org. The new It Is Written virtual series, Take Charge of Your Health, will begin June 22. Registration may be completed at takecharge.life. Tags: coronavirus, covid-19, evangelism, hope, hope awakens, pandemic, testimony, virtual evangelism	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line254
__label__wiki	0.7411	0.7411	Open Source and Open Standards The previous post finally mentioned open source CMS'es. To supply readers with some update on the discussions of open source and open standards, here are a couple o' paragraphs from my thesis on these subjects. Note that Sun has since the time of writing decided to open source Java. Having given some indicators to open source WCM systems, the concept should be properly explained. Open source software refers to programs whose source code is made available for use or modification. This means that open source software is in fact free to acquire [Walli, 2005] and change. A lot of people find this hard to believe, and many presume that such software is produced on a volunteer basis, and therefore lacks quality, security and consistency [Economist, 2006]. This is true for a lot of smaller open source projects, but many projects show signs of the opposite [Raymond, 2000], the most famous of these being the operating system GNU/Linux. There is a prominent case for the use of open source [Wheeler, 2005], and larger companies do in fact develop open source software on an economically feasible business model [OSI, 2005]. The revenue can be generated by offering support, customization and plug-ins. Large software companies like IBM and Sun have for the last years been funding, as well as founding, open source projects to ensure that their ideas and standards are established throughout the open software community [IBM, 2005], [Sun, 2006]. This thesis will not delve further into the principles and ideas of the open source movement. The interests of WCMS users lie in the risks versus the benefits of the system. It is important to remember that most open source material comes without guarantees and warranty unless support is bought from the vendor or developer, and this is where the cost of “free” software lies. Open source projects have a tendency to prefer re-use and compatibility over developing their own formats and protocols. Whenever possible they embrace open standards in an effort to receive further adoption from the community. Open standards are of course also adopted by proprietary software developers, but not to the same extent as with the open source alternatives. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is persistent in bordering itself from the Open Source community [GNU, 2006]. A short summary of the debate is that the methods of the two communities are the same, but the ideals are different. The FSF support the practice of open source of ethical reasons, while the Open Source movement does so for practical reasons. For the purpose of this thesis it is not the ideal freedom of the software which has implications for developers, but the availability of the source code, the option to modify or extend it and the presence of open standards. The term used within this thesis when talking about open source is compliant to that of the Open Source Definition [OSI, 2001]. The relation between open standards and web content management is easy to find, as the Internet itself is based on open standards. The open source relation is similar. The most well known connection between open source software and the Web is by no doubt the Apache web-server. This open source project has been powering the majority of the world's web-sites for many years [Netcraft, 2006]. The openness of the Web attracts open standards and open source projects. A WCMS is a complex piece of software which leaves single developers with much fatigue if they should ever attempt to implement such a system on their own. The culture of the World Wide Web has naturally led such developers together in numerous open source implementations which will be further explored in the next chapters. A standard is an agreement of two or more parties regarding a product, specification or other. Standards used by web applications are mostly guarded by the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF), the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Examples of successful standards are hypertext markup language (HTML), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and resource description framework (RDF). System developers can choose either to use existing standards or invent their own. Sometimes not having to follow a standard is easier and quicker than having to fulfill a specification's every need for details, but along the network externalities in the system where other systems interconnect, open standards must be followed [Ciborra, 2000]. This applies to the technology used for transport or storage. A typical transport technology standard is HTTP, through which all web applications are made accessible. Storage technology standards are the format in which content is stored or presented. A web-page must output format in HTML, pure text or a standardized binary format like Bitmap pictures or Macromedia's Flash. Proprietary standards can be open like Adobe's PDF format and Macromedia's Flash file format, or closed like Microsoft Office Word documents and Powerpoint presentations. A proprietary standard can only be changed by its owner. You can make software that reads both open and closed standards, but discovering how the closed standard is built up internally can be difficult, and under certain certain condition, so-called reverse-engineering is considered illegal [LII, 2005]. Microsoft uses a multitude of proprietary standards to enable other vendors to produce software for the Windows platform. Examples are DirectX for graphics and MFC for desktop applications. Note that even though Microsoft and their Office products are frequently used as examples of proprietary software, they are not the “big bad wolf” regarding use of open standards. Such advanced software can not always suffice for the bureaucratic democracy and slow development of open standards. Microsoft is more and more embracing the use of open standards like WebDAV and SOAP [W3C, 2003] in their newest software. In fact the next version of the Office suite will use zipped XML-files for storage, like OpenOffice has been doing for several years [Microsoft, 2006], [Spangler, 2006]. Research on open standards abounds in information infrastructure research, especially regarding the architecture of the Internet and the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) effort [Hanseth, 1998], [Hanseth, 2002]. A WCMS will naturally output its content through HTML on a web-site. Internally, however, the implementation may store the content in a home-grown format, for example a relational database with a streamlined scheme following no standard (except the standard of SQL itself). As long as the company uses the WCMS the way it was built to be used, the inside workings of the content repository is not important. The problem arises when the company either wishes to change the output or use of the content, or to replace the WCMS all together. In most organization, this does eventually happen. Requirements change. How will the content be exported from the old WCMS and imported into the new one? Manually copying the HTML code from each web-page will no doubt be a very tiresome effort. Another alternative is reading content directly from the relational database with an exporter-application. If the WCMS has not supplied one, developing this application could be a large task. And then an application would have to be developed for importing the content into the new WCMS. The best solution would be if the storage of both WCMS-es utilized a standard content repository, so the content of the old system could simply be dragged-and-dropped into the new one. Unfortunately, today there exists almost as many different content repository implementations as there are content management system vendors. Claudio U. Ciborra and Associates 2000, From Control to Drift, Oxford University Press Economist 2006, "Open, but not as usual" Retrieved 18. March, 2006 GNU Project 2006, "The Free Software Definition" Retrieved 23. April, 2006 Hanseth, O. 1998, "Inscribing behaviour in information infrastructure standards" Retrieved November 25, 2005 Hanseth, O. 2002, "From systems and tools to networks and infrastructures" - from design to cultivation. Towards a theory of ICT solutions and its design methodology implications." Retrieved 30. April, 2006 IBM Media Relations 2005, " IBM Acquires Gluecode Software" Retrieved 30. April, 2006 LII 2005, "Digital Millennium Copyright Act, § 1201. Circumvention of copyright protection systems" Retrieved 27. April, 2006 Microsoft Corp. 2006, "XML Paper Specification" Retrieved 3. April, 2006 Netcraft 2006, "April 2006 Web Server Survey" Retrieved 10. April, 2006 Open Source Initiative 2001, "The Open Source Definition" Retrieved 23. April, 2006 The Open Source Initiative 2005, "Open Source Case for Business" Retrieved 18. March, 2006 Raymond, E. S. 2000, "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" Retrieved 3. April, 2006 Spangler, T. 2006, "OpenDocument vs. Office Open XML" Retrieved 5. April, 2006 Sun Microsystems Inc. 2005, "Sun's Open Source Initiatives" Retrieved 3. April, 2006 W3C 2003, "SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework" Retrieved 5. September, 2005 Walli, S. 2005, "Free and Open Source Licenses, Software Development and Distribution" Retrieved 30. April, 2006 Wheeler, D. A. 2005, "Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! " Retrieved 3. April, 2006 More blog tuning Moving from blogger to blogger I need to do some brain exercise Where to start looking for a CMS So how about your Web CMS versus your KMS/CMS/Intr...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line255
__label__wiki	0.54543	0.54543	Introducing YouTube with a Peruvian flavor By Gianfranco Polastri Country Manager For Google Peru Peru is a multicultural and multilingual country, the result of the merger of different influences and customs throughout the centuries. It has a cultural abundance, from its literature, music and dance to its incredible cuisine, famous worldwide for its variety and originality. Taking all this into account, it's not surprising to find great examples of this culture's expressions on videos that anyone could enjoy at YouTube, such as Marca Perú, PerúTubers, Alicia and Sucedió en el Perú. We want to share even more of the culture of Peru with you, so today we’re kicking off a local version of YouTube in Peru: youtube.pe. The country becomes number 43 globally where a local YouTube version is available, and sixth in Latin America together with Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Chile. YouTube Peru will give more exposure to local talent, as well as make the experience of discovering, sharing and commenting on videos have a local flavor, making them more relevant with local tastes. Peruvians can now browse videos by category or by popularity and find local talent easily, without missing anything that also happens on a global scale. We can’t wait to see how YouTube Peru comes to life and acquires its own personality. So we invite you to start a channel to upload your best moments and talents to YouTube, and share those of others who are celebrating their world through video.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line256
__label__wiki	0.810531	0.810531	Looking Back on a Legacy AACSB’s retiring CEO John Fernandes reflects on 15 years of management education. PORTRAIT BY WIDOFF PHOTO What do you think your most important accomplishments have been at AACSB? First, I’m most proud of the quality of the people we’ve assembled here to further AACSB’s mission. That’s what makes me feel best about turning the organization over to a new person. Second, I’m pleased with the way we’ve been accepted globally. Third, I’m pleased that each time we’ve opened a new office—in Tampa, Singapore, and now Amsterdam—we’ve chosen the right location. These achievements are all sustainable for the organization. What was your biggest challenge? Changing staff culture to help the staff develop a more global mindset. Changing culture is the hardest thing to do, because it is embedded in long-standing practices. My other greatest challenge was managing the relocation from St. Louis to Tampa. Many of the St. Louis staff members couldn’t make the move to Tampa, and leaving people behind was the hardest part of the relocation. Why did you believe it was so critical for the association to globalize? In recent years, management education has been growing much more quickly internationally than in the U.S. While the most experienced business schools were located in the West, student growth was in Asia and Africa and the Middle East. We needed to recognize and address that. You oversaw two major overhauls of the accreditation standards. Why was it important to revise the standards? What still remains to be done? We revised the standards in 2013 to be more applicable to a diverse set of schools worldwide, but they still could be improved. The biggest deterrent to globalization remains our narrow model of faculty definitions. In the long run, we can’t continue to legislate these inputs of quality. We’re on much more valid ground when we measure the outcomes of degree programs. I also think we eventually will need to generate standards for technology-delivered programs. Technology is emerging as such a powerful delivery mechanism that we ought to be the leader in saying when it’s good and when it’s reliable. We’re still claiming online courses are homogeneous with face-to-face education. It’s not true. What did the new standards get right? They embrace executive education, which is important for the future of management education. Executive education represents a very high percentage of revenue in Europe and Asia, and it’s growing in the U.S. Degree programs are getting shorter, but we’re expecting more capacity from our graduates. Nondegree executive education programs can fill a lot of holes left by MBA programs that are too short, too generic, or too specialized. The new standards also broaden some of the curriculum requirements. Now, we want schools not only to help their students develop a strong sense of ethics, but also to make sure students understand social responsibility and sustainability—of the planet, of the organization, and of society. Someone could be highly ethical without being socially responsible or committed to having a positive effect on society. In the end, the themes of innovation, engagement, and impact are the icing on the cake. These are three concise messages that serve as capstones to the new standards. “Technology is emerging as such a powerful delivery mechanism that we ought to be the leader in saying when it’s good and when it’s reliable.” —JOHN FERNANDES, PRESIDENT AND CEO OF AACSB INTERNATIONAL You’ve served on the boards of several organizations, including The PhD Project and the Global Foundation for Management Education (GFME), a joint venture of AACSB and the European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD). How was that service beneficial to AACSB and the industry? The PhD Project is an important organization in the U.S. because we’re facing a big change in demographics. By 2050, the current minority will be the majority. We need to produce more minority professors, particularly African Americans and Hispanics, because we want minority students to come to our traditional schools. Right now, far too many of these students go to for-profit educational providers. Through GFME, both AACSB and EFMD tried to determine how many business schools there are in the world. So far we’ve found close to 16,000. I think GFME has benefited management education because it reinforced something we already knew—that the number of business schools grows as economies grow. The numbers have proved that out. What changes do you expect to see in management education in the future? Most of the growth in management education is coming out of emerging economies in parts of the world, from Africa to Latin America. Yet students in these nations don’t always have access to education, and many business schools there aren’t yet as strong as those in developed nations. Institutions in developed nations can help schools in emerging economies develop their educational prowess, and in the process make their own brands more visible. I believe AACSB should facilitate mutually beneficial relationships between schools in developed nations and those in emerging economies. We can be the eHarmony of business schools. What other challenges do you see ahead? In the developed world, the cost of a business school degree is frequently so high that many students are left with huge amounts of debt. How can we provide high-quality management education at a lower cost? One way, as I mentioned, is through forming partnerships with schools in emerging nations, which will allow business schools in developed nations to enroll more students. Another way is through faculty leveraging, in which academic faculty teach low courseloads while they supervise teaching professionals who teach four or five courses a semester. Under this model, teaching costs can be cut by half. What part will technology play in the future? We have to use technology to enable the global classroom so that schools can share the teaching load and expand the volume of students they serve. We have to get better at assessment and validation of technology-delivered programs, but we will! You originally studied business at Babson College. If you were going to business school today, what would you study? I’d study financial planning and investments. Let’s face it, I’m an old guy who worked for a nonprofit—I have to manage on a budget! In fact, I will study financial planning—I’ll just do it through MOOCs. HONORING A LEADER To get additional perspectives on the challenges John Fernandes faced as AACSB’s CEO, BizEd spoke to three past board chairs: Andrew Policano, former dean of the Paul Merage School of Business at the University of California Irvine and currently Dean’s Leadership Circle Endowed Professor of Economics/Public Policy; Carolyn Woo, former dean of the University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business and current president and CEO of Catholic Relief Services; and Robert Taylor, retired dean of the University of Louisville College of Business and part of the committee that selected Fernandes. ANDREW POLICANO: When John started, the association wasn’t doing very well financially, and it had a very focused strategy on the U.S. and North America. John recognized that we needed to become a global force for the quality of management education. John really impressed me as someone who was going to learn every single part of the association. Shortly after he started, John went on an accreditation visit to the University of Washington with me and two other deans. On that visit, we were given 35 boxes of material—for a business school that had been accredited for a long time. John said, “This makes no sense whatsoever.” He told the membership it was time to redo the standards, and we put a lot of effort into making the accreditation process shorter and more efficient. John is uncanny when it comes to political sensitivity. He’s very careful to listen as much as he can and solicit information from the rest of the membership. He will take a somewhat meandering course to move us ahead without creating a lot of undue strife and tension. CAROLYN WOO: Because AACSB’s membership is so diverse, John had to respond to the divergent expectations of the members and the roles they wanted the association to play. He also had to do this in a very dynamic environment as schools became more international, faculty and student profiles changed, and schools adopted more technology. John always made things happen while giving credit to the AACSB board. He always kept moving the ball forward, even though there was never full consensus on anything. But, compared to the individual members, he had a better understanding of management education trends. He saw the realities and challenges facing many different schools, so the picture he saw was much richer and more complex, and he was able to articulate those challenges. For instance, John saw that St. Louis was not serving the association well. It was difficult to have that conversation with the board and staff, but step by step, study by study, John convinced us to make the move. People now see the benefit of being in Tampa. ROBERT TAYLOR: We wanted someone who understood the association’s potential—who realized that serving the members is key, but who also would take a leadership position in the world of business education. We also needed someone who could understand and work with academics. John had an accounting background, so he understood the academic point of view, and he was full of energy, enthusiasm, and confidence. After he became CEO, John quickly became friends with his counterparts at EFMD and other global groups, which helped the organization connect with others around the world. He also exercised incredible patience and asked thoughtful questions to lead the board to crafting standards that were flexible enough to allow quality schools throughout the world to be accredited. We appreciated that John never told anything but the truth, even when it would be hard for people to digest. He was careful about how he said things, because he did work for the board, but he always said what he thought. #AACSB #Leadership #Future of Business Education That’s the number of new accreditation standards that AACSB International’s Blue Ribbon Committee has drafted— the first revision of AACSB’s standards since 2003. These proposed changes, to be presented to association members for a vote this April, have inspired spirited discussions about innovation, impact, engagement—and the future of management education. Cornering the Market Amid a host of disruptive forces affecting higher education, business schools must fundamentally change the way they operate if they’re to shape their own future. And, many believe, they’d better do it fast. Defining Tomorrow New accreditation standards, an increasingly diverse membership, and the ongoing transformation of higher education will drive activity at AACSB International during 2013–2014. The association’s new board chair examines how all these factors will work together to shape business education in the years to come.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line258
__label__cc	0.570919	0.429081	WHERE ELECTRONIC GOODS GO TO DIE Technology, Weekly_Article January 17, 2016 [TECHNOLOGY ★] (P1) At a vast dumpsite in the west of Ghana’s capital Accra, small fires burn among piles of old computers, television screens, and laptops. (P2) This is one of the biggest dumps for electronic waste in the world, and among the most polluted places on earth. (P3) Every year hundreds of thousands of tons of e-waste find their way here from Europe and North America, where they are stripped of their valuable metals. (P4) For many it’s a LUCRATIVE business in a country where nearly a quarter of people live below the POVERTY LINE. (P5) “It’s an instant job,” said Sam Sandu, a scrap dealer who works on the site. “Today you work on it, and you can get your money the same day.” (P6) But experts warn the TOXINS present in the waste are slowing poisoning the workers, as well as spreading pollution into the soil and atmosphere. (P7) “Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic – these are the four most toxic substances [in the world], and these are found in e-waste residues in very large quantities,” explains Atiemo Sampson, an environmental researcher at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. (P8) There is little data yet on the numbers of people who have fallen ill or even died as a result of working with e-waste. (P9) But exposure to these toxins are known to cause a whole range of illnesses from cancers to heart disease to respiratory illnesses. (P10) “The consequences are already quite apparent,” says Atiemo Sampson. “We are not waiting for 10 years or 20 years, the effects are already happening within the Ghanaian community.” (P11) Analysts estimate the world will produce 93 million tons of e-waste this year alone – an ever-growing volume that is the result of the DISPOSABILITY of many high-end electronic products. (P12) Much of it will find its way to a handful of e-waste dumps in Africa and Asia, rather than being RECYCLED in the country in which it was sold. (P13) Atiemo Sampson believes electronics producers have a responsibility to help clean up the mess their products helped create. (P14) “Across the world there is a growing acceptance that the producer of the equipment must bear responsibility for ‘end of life’ management,” he says. (P15) “They should be investing in collections systems, in recycling systems in Africa. It is morally right and legally right.” (P16) But the e-waste at sites like Agbogbloshie continues to pile up. (P17) Experts like materials scientist Hywel Jones of Sheffield Hallam University in the UK says the solution to the e-waste problem is complex. (P18) His ‘What’s In My Stuff?’ project aims to educate the public about the materials found in a typical smartphone. Since smartphones look “clean,” consumers believe they are clean – but they really are not. (P19) Jones says companies and governments need to be involved too. (P20) “Two billion mobile phones are manufactured every year – more than 15 billion manufactured since 1994, and that’s not counting cameras, laptops and televisions,” he says. (P21) “We have an enormous problem and we’re starting very LATE IN THE DAY to fix it.” SOURCE: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-35244018 Briefly summarize the content of the article in your own words. How often do you replace your smartphone and other electronic devices? Are there any garbage dumps or LANDFILLS near where you live? When you have to throw away a battery, do you follow the special instructions, or do you just put it in the regular trash? Are you sensitive to toxic substances such as air pollution, or is your body very ROBUST? EXPRESSIONS TO PRACTICE: What do the following expressions mean? Practice using each expression in a sentence; extra points if you can use it in conversation. Poverty line Late in the day twenty + two = HOW TO START A WHISKY DISTILLERY Business, Weekly_Article January 17, 2016 [BUSINESS ★★] HOW TO START A WHISKY DISTILLERY (P1) Considered by most AFICIONADOS to be the PINNACLE of the industry, SINGLE MALTS are WHISKIES made from a single DISTILLERY. (P2) They typically command a PREMIUM PRICE over BLENDED WHISKIES. (P3) Whisky … UNUSUAL SOLUTION PROPOSED FOR CHINESE BACHELORS Life, Weekly_Article October 25, 2015 [LIFE ★★] UNUSUAL SOLUTION PROPOSED FOR CHINESE BACHELORS (P1) With China facing the prospect of 30 million unmarried men by 2020, an economics professor has proposed a solution – allow poor BACHELORS to share a wife. (P2) Xie Zuoshi, a professor … LETTERS FROM JEFFERIES’ CEO Business, Thoughts, Weekly_Article November 4, 2014 As a divorce lawsuit churns up a negative image for top investment bank Jefferies, the CEO of the company decides to take action to directly confront the scandal. Read the story together with your Cambly tutor, and practice using some business … World Pizza Toppings Lifestyle, Weekly_Article September 27, 2016 [Food ★★★] (P1) What are your favorite pizza toppings? How about squid or fried eggs? Most Americans seem to prefer their pizza with the usual cheese and pepperoni. People in other countries, however, have different tastes. In India, for example, …	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line261
__label__cc	0.507784	0.492216	Company Immediately Calls Job Applicant Upon Seeing ‘B.A. In Communications’ On Résumé – The Onion Posted: 2013/03/14 \| Author: Lisa \| Filed under: academics, humor, I want, media \| Tags: applicant, application, B.A. Communications, bachelor of arts, Communications, excel, HR, I'm fucked, job, mac, media, PC, powerpoint, resume, salary, sarcasm, social media, the onion, word \| Leave a comment this hurts so good.. bold is mine – brilliance is theirs SEATTLE—Calling his résumé “exceptional” and “like nothing we’ve ever seen,” the human resources department at local public relations firm Brink & Tiller called 22-year-old job applicant Corey Wilhelm immediately after noticing he had a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications, sources confirmed Wednesday. Wilhelm’s résumé, which was e-mailed to the firm in regards to an entry-level job opening, was reportedly forwarded to the highest levels of the company, after which executives scrambled to contact the 2012 University of Washington graduate and offer him the position. “A Bachelor of Arts? In communications? I mean, where did this kid come from?” said HR director Robert Bradshaw, who, after seeing Wilhelm’s impressive 3.20 cumulative GPA, walked the résumé directly into the company president’s office and said, “We must hire this person immediately.” “I mean, not only did Corey manage to get into the University of Washington School of Communication right out of high school, but—get this—he then graduated with a degree in that very field. A Bachelor of Arts, no less. Rare and gifted is all I have to say.” “Jesus Christ,” Bradshaw continued, “his résumé says he minored in History, too. We really have to move fast if we want to snag this guy.” According to Bradshaw, Wilhelm’s thorough education in varied subjects such as public speaking and radio broadcasting, compounded with his relatively consistent position on the UW Dean’s List, makes him “one of the best—if not the best—job applicant the company has ever had.” In addition, Wilhelm’s formidable career experience, which includes two summers working the reception desk at his father’s realty company, a semester-long editorial internship at the luxury magazine Seattle Metropolitan, and two years of involvement with his student newspaper The Daily reportedly blew Bradshaw out of the water. Impressed and admittedly intimidated company sources went on to confirm that Wilhelm had also completed four years of high school Spanish. “I don’t know how this is possible, but it says he has experience in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint on both PC and Mac,” said sales developer Brenda Juarez, explaining that she had to do a double take after reading the line in Wilhelm’s cover letter explaining that he had “both professional and personal experience on multiple social media platforms.” “And on top of it all, he’s taken the classes Introduction to Communication, Writing for Mass Media, and Interpersonal Communication. I mean, this guy’s on a different plane altogether.” “Honestly, he might even be overqualified to work here,” Juarez continued. According to the firm’s co-founder Vince Tiller, the company is not only willing to offer Wilhelm the entry-level position for which he applied, but literally any job he wants, just so long as he brings his expertise in singing for his college a capella group and doing his bi-monthly radio show “Wilhelm Wednesdays” to the company. “When you’re dealing with somebody like Corey—somebody with a B.A. in Communications—you have to remember that this is the type of guy who goes out there and takes what he wants,” said Tiller, adding that he’ll never know what it’s like to have the world on its knees like Corey Wilhelm. “Keep in mind, on top of everything he accomplished in school, he somehow found time to perform in the campus theater group.” “With his skills, it’ll only be a matter of time before he’s coming for my job,” Tiller added. Sources later confirmed that Brink & Tiller had already presented Wilhelm with an initial offer of $275,000 per year. However, the recent college graduate reportedly made a counter offer of $350,000 plus a $50,000 signing bonus, which company management has said it will excitedly accept. via Company Immediately Calls Job Applicant Upon Seeing ‘B.A. In Communications’ On Résumé \| The Onion – America’s Finest News Source. “maybe if you didn’t have a stupid mac..” Posted: 2012/05/13 \| Author: Lisa \| Filed under: awesome person, humor, technology \| Tags: comic, computer, legs, mac, PC, toothepaste for dinner \| Leave a comment via Toothpaste For Dinner – 3,500+ comics by Drew – Updates daily at midnight. I work mostly with macs and enjoy them but absolutely HATE participating in the mac/pc debate. People get so ridiculous. I love my laptop, but I do not want to fight in its name. This made me giggle, and yes, it would still work if it said “PC” so I don’t wanna hear it.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line262
__label__wiki	0.818868	0.818868	Иэн Макьюэн Ian McEwan was born on 21 June 1948 in Aldershot, England. He studied at the University of Sussex, where he received a BA degree in English Literature in 1970. He received his MA degree in English Literature at the University of East Anglia.McEwan's works have earned him worldwide critical acclaim. He won the Somerset Maugham Award in 1976 for his first collection of short stories First Love, Last Rites; the Whitbread Novel Award (1987) and the Prix Fémina Etranger (1993) for The Child in Time; and Germany's Shakespeare Prize in 1999. He has been shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize for Fiction numerous times, winning the award for Amsterdam in 1998. His novel Atonement received the WH Smith Literary Award (2002), National Book Critics' Circle Fiction Award (2003), Los Angeles Times Prize for Fiction (2003), and the Santiago Prize for the European Novel (2004). He was awarded a CBE in 2000. In 2006, he won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel Saturday and his novel On Chesil Beach was named Galaxy Book of the Year at the 2008 British Book Awards where McEwan was also named Reader's Digest Author of the Year. McEwan lives in London. His most recently published work is The Children Act (2014). BooksAll The Comfort of Strangers The Child in Time Ian McEwan,Dave Sharp Complete Surrender – The True Story of a Family's Dark Secret and the Brothers it Tore Apart at Birth SSC (1978) In Between the Sheets Ernest Hemingway,Ian McEwan,Graham Greene,Patricia Highsmith,Lawrence Block,Joyce Carol Oates,Charles Bukowski,Thomas Perry,Mark Rudman,David Ray,Da,Bharati Mukherjee,Damon Runyon,Andrew Vachs,Jiri Kajanë,Robert Lowell,T. Coraghessan Boyle The Killing Spirit Ian McEwan Bestsellers	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line263
__label__cc	0.549953	0.450047	MJ’s Autopsy Results and MJ’s Child Molestation Accuser Lied Posted on June 29, 2009 - By Bossip Staff The kid that said Michael Jackson touched him just came out and said he lied. He is saying his pops wanted loot which is the reason behind the false accusation. Also, reports from the initial autopsy are in and MJ was worse off than we realized: An autopsy on Michael Jackson revealed that the King of Pop’s emaciated body was riddled with needle marks and scars, and his head was virtually bald, it was reported today. Jackson’s body had wasted away to a mere 112 pounds, and his stomach was completely empty except for partially dissolved pills, according to the London Sun. Those handlers/killers/thieves of his need to be brought in! After the sudden death of Michael Jackson Evan Chandler tells the truth. Evan- ”Now for the first time i can’t bare to lie anymore. Michael Jackson didn’t do anything to me, all of this was my father lies to escape from being poor.” In 1993, Chandler told a psychiatrist and police that he and Jackson had engaged in sexual acts that included oral sex, the boy gave detailed description of Jackson’s genitals. The case was settled out of court for a reported $22 million, but the strain led Jackson to begin taking painkillers. Eventually he became addicted. Now maybe for the remorse of his death Chandler decides to tell us the truth. ” I never meant to lie and destroy Michael Jackson but my father made me to tell only lies. Now i can’t tell Michael how much i’m sorry and if he will forgive me ”.Evan Chandler was tape-recorded saying amongst other things, “If I go through with this, I win big-time. There’s no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever… Under the influence of a controversial father (Jordan Chandler) told his son to tell that Jackson had touched his penis.Jordan Chandler then told a psychiatrist and later police that he and Jackson had engaged in acts of kissing, masturbation and oral sex, as well as giving a detailed description of what he alleged were the singer’s genitals. ” Now for the first time i can’t bare to lie anymore. Michael Jackson didn’t do anything to me, all was my father lies to escape from being poor.” The reason we have not reported on this Jordan story is because of the credibility. We want you to know that him retracting his accusations may not be necessarily true, but we felt it was our duty to give you the hottest gossip and rumor. Categories: News, R.I.P., Rumor Control	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line265
__label__wiki	0.877277	0.877277	Bundesliga roundup: Jadon Sancho cameo keeps Dortmund’s hopes alive \| Football Jadon Sancho came off the bench to help boost Borussia Dortmund’s Bundesliga title hopes with a 2-0 win at Wolfsburg, while Borussia Mönchengladbach slipped to fourth with a 3-1 home defeat by Bayer Leverkusen. Bayern Munich, the leaders, were in action in the late... La Liga given all-clear to resume season after three-month break \| Football Spanish football’s top flight can return to action from 8 June after being disrupted by the coronavirus pandemic, prime minister Pedro Sánchez said on Saturday. All organised football in the country was provisionally suspended on 12 March, although clubs in the top... F1 teams agree to introduce budget cap from 2021 onwards \| Sport Formula One teams have agreed to impose a new budget cap from 2021. After lengthy negotiations, F1 will be decreasing spending on a sliding scale over several years. The cap will be set at $145m (£119m) in 2021, dropping to $140m in 2022, then $135m for 2023–25. A... Hollow promises of equality are to blame if Women’s Super League is cancelled \| Suzanne Wrack \| Football Two months after the Football Association informed clubs in the Women’s Super League and Championship that it would not be offering any specific Covid-19 financial support, making curtailment almost a foregone conclusion, that last resort is finally being discussed.... Euro 96 Relived: like experiencing a painful summer crush all over again \| Television & radio Never has a wild experiment made me feel such vivid emotions. Because that’s exactly what Euro 96 Relived (ITV4/ITV Hub, near constantly) is: a gamble, a stab in the dark, TV as guesswork. The plan, on paper, seems ludicrous: just full re-airings of old games? Bob...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line266
__label__wiki	0.82138	0.82138	BW Faith & Life Lecture: Religious Pluralism Elaina Zachos, Contributing Writer\|February 26, 2014 Cassandra Corridoni Dr. Paul F. Knitter speaking in the Lindsay – Crossman Chapel. The Baldwin Wallace University Faith & Life Lecture Series presented speaker Dr. Paul F. Knitter Feb. 19 and 20. He spoke about the modern American dilemma of being faithful to one denomination in a religiously complex world. Knitter is the leading theologian of religious pluralism, beginning in 1964 when he was a seminarian in Rome during the Second Vatican Council. Currently, he is the Paul Tillich Emeritus Professor of Theology, Religions and Culture at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. The presentation began with Dr. Alan Kolp, Professor of Religion at BW and Chair for the Faith & Life Lecture Series. Kolp introduced Knitter as “a really humble, engaging, thoughtful person,” and hopes that he will encourage students and the general audience to think more thoughtfully about spirituality. Knitter described his journey through faith as many other people might: very personal. He explained that the significance of “double belonging,” or feeling that personal beliefs and morals relate easily to more than one individual religion. Knitter said this trend is growing in modern America. As opposed to “religious tourism,” which Knitter described as “dabbling in the divine deli,” double belonging uses other religions to supplement the one that an individual was born into and brought up with. Personally, Knitter found that Buddhism complemented his traditional Catholic faith, particularly relating more easily with Tibetan Buddhism than another sect of the religion. He recently published a book entitled Without Buddha I Could Not Be a Christian. “God is working in other religions,” Knitter said. Knitter then went on to describe his experience of studying in Rome during the Second Vatican Council, saying, “it was revolutionary.” In the volatile spirit of Catholic Rome during this period, “Buddhism became a silent partner, a kind of a guide” to assist Christianity. Now Knitter had to ask himself: “Was I a Buddhist-Christian or was I a Christian-Buddhist?” “There were questions, I laid them out,” Knitter said. “Then I would look at the problems. What was the Buddhist commentary?” Knitter emphasized that his goal was not to denounce Christianity, but rather to reinvent it. “It’s to reinterpret, review, re-appropriate my Christian beliefs and experience with the help of Buddha,” Knitter said. Knitter says that the key to true faith is to be in harmony with the unity of the divine. “God is a verb,” Knitter said. “God is the interbeing-ness of everything.” “All of our language is fingers pointing to the moon,” Knitter states, restating the inherent limitations of language. Words and descriptions simply reference reality rather than strictly defining it. Religion is important to some people because it states a belief in what happens after death, making it “more subjective than immortality,” Knitter said. He then questioned the selfishness of Christian beliefs in an afterlife and the objectionable concept of legacy and living on. Buddhism practices the anatta, or the not-self. “Our truest identity is to get beyond our individuality,” Knitter said. To lose yourself is to find yourself, but Knitter warns that “what you find is not going to be what you lost.” Knitter says it is important to remember that “life goes on, but it goes on beyond our individual identities.” The speaker then went on to discuss the different interpretations of sin in each of these religions. “Sin comes out of our ignorance rather than our constitutional fallingness,” Knitter said. He proceeded to explain that “Jesus saves by revealing rather than fixing” and that Buddha “was such an effective teacher” because he saw humans as the children of God. “There’s just too much noise going on in Christian rituals for me,” Knitter said. Thus, he is more supportive of Buddhism in the afterlife aspect. The speaker also described his interpretations of being and making peace. “In order to make peace, we first have to be peace,” Knitter said. Knitter credited Buddha, saying, “Without love and compassion, there can be no justice.” So to work toward a better community, people must be present in the present and the future will take care of itself in time. Ultimately, while Paul Knitter prays to the trinity of Christ, the Gospel, and the Church, he dualistically worships Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sanga. He left his audience of students, faculty and community members well-informed of the Buddhist-Christian dialogue.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0004.json.gz/line267

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