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“Survivor” comes to Dunedin again on June 24th
Season 2 to feature new and exciting games, 42” LCD at stake
Dunedin, FL – The popular “Survivor: Dunedin” promotion returns to Dunedin Stadium on Thursday, June 24 when the Dunedin Blue Jays start off the 2nd half of the 2010 Florida State League season against the Daytona Cubs.
Last year’s event, which saw 10 contestants try to outwit and outlast each other for the grand prize of a 42” LCD television, was one of the most popular events the Blue Jays had put on in quite some time.
This year’s event will operate much like last year’s, with contestants being split up into two tribes and pitted against each other in numerous events that test the body and mind, with the final contestants facing off in an obstacle course to win the grand prize.
The first pitch for that night’s game is scheduled for 7 p.m. The stadium gates will open at 6 p.m. The events will take place between innings throughout the game with the final obstacle course taking place at the conclusion of “Launch-A-Ball” right after the game.
Fans who are interested in being contestants for the show by sending an email with the subject line “Surivor” to Kathi.Wiegand@bluejays.com. Fans should include his or her name, phone number, a photo, and in 200 words or less, describe why he or she should be chosen as a contestant.
All e-mails for prospective contestants must be received by the Blue Jays by 5 p.m. on Friday, June 18.
The event will take place on a “Thirsty Thursday” at Dunedin Stadium where fountain sodas and draft beers will be $1 apiece.
Tickets for the event are $6 for general admission, but fans can receive a discount if they use the code word “Survivor” while purchasing their tickets.
To purchase tickets, visit the front office of the Dunedin Blue Jays at 373 Douglas Ave. from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, or call (727) 733-9302. Tickets are also available before and during every Blue Jays home game at the ticket office in front of the stadium.
For more information on this event, please contact Kathi Wiegand by calling (727) 738-7052 or by email at Kathi.Wiegand@bluejays.com.
Much has been made of your Toronto Blue Jays lack of perks and promotions this year. I for one miss twoonie Tuesdays and the give away games.
I just wanted to show you guys that somewhere, someone gets it in the organization.....
Labels: Dunedin Blue Jays, give aways, promotions, tickets
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eSwatini demo demands regime change
eSwatini-Politics-Protest
November 13, 2019 to 14:53
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini)
The first day of a planned series of demonstrations against the current system of government in the kingdom of eSwatini began in Mbabane on Wednesday with a heavy security presence in the streets of the capital.
Civil society organisations, unions and political parties took to the streets early in the morning demanding a new multiparty system of government that will replace the Tinkhundla system.
The marchers were carrying placards calling for King Mswati III to unban political parties so that he could automatically hand over some of his powers, which he holds absolutely.
During the march they delivered a petition to the South African High Commission where they accused Pretoria of benefiting from what they saw as the 'misuse' of national resources for the procurement of 81 BMW cars to be used in royal escorts.
There was heavy police presence at the march, with constant on-the-side meetings between security officers and political party and union leaders.
The activists have drawn up a scanty schedule of how they hope to push for regime change, a move that was propelled by the recent purchase of 19 Roll Royce cars for the king's wives.
A detailed plan of action will be drawn during a mass meeting that will be held in Manzini on Saturday.
The current political situation in the country has attracted foreign media as political party leaders have been featured by the Voice of America, Radio France, South African Broadcasting Corporation and three SA radio stations.
These include Sibongile Mazibuko of the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC) Mlungisi Makhanya of the People's Democratic Movement (PUDEMO) and Wandile Dludlu of the Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYOCO).
Mazibuko said there would be no progress and development in the country as long as the King Mswati III had the final authority over all the three arms of government namely the legislature, the judiciary and the executive.
The constitution of eSwatini states that the king and the Queen mother are immune to all the laws of the land.
NSM/as/APA
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2018 | 11 | nr 1 | 205--217
Returned Migrants and Remittances Alleviating Poverty: Evidence from Malang, East Java
Devanto Shasta Pratomo , Kankesu Jayanthakumaran
This paper examines the sustainability of returning international migrants, who remain at home country, moving out from poverty. This study uses cross-sectional primary data as of September and October 2015 on 840 households of the returned migrants which is around 10% of the overall migrant stock in the Malang district, East Java as of 2014/2015; and also 840 current migrants, which is again around 10% of the current migrant stock as a control group. Although we have found that remittances reduce the probability of households living in poverty, this study concludes that returning migrants will not be better off for very long, and will almost certainly return to poverty after some time. The major limitation of this paper is that it focuses only on the financial capital's contribution to the welfare of the returning migrants, not incorporating also such factors as human capital, business skills, or attitude that migrants get from staying overseas. The study suggests the government should provide guidance to migrant households on how to use their gained income in a more sustainable and productive way, thus making the best of the financial capital available to them.(original abstract)
Ubóstwo Migracja
Poverty Migration
Devanto Shasta Pratomo
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Kankesu Jayanthakumaran
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Acosta, P., Calderon, C., Fajnzylber, P., Lopez, H. (2008). What is the Impact of International Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Latin America? World Development, 36(1), 89-114.
Adams, Jr. R. H., Cuecuecha, A., Page, J. (2008). Remittances, Consumption and Investment in Ghana. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series.
Adams, Jr. R. H., Cuecuecha, A. (2010). The Economic Impact of International Remittances on Poverty and Household Consumption and Investment in Indonesia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series.
Adams, R. H., Cuecuecha, A. (2010). Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Guatemala. World Development, 38(11), 1626-1641.
Adams, R. H., Page, J. (2005). Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries? World Development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
Bachtiar, P. P (2011). Migration Outflow and Remittance Patterns in Indonesia: National as well as Subnational Perspectives. Philippine Journal of Development, 38(1-2), 27-54.
BNP2TKI (2018). Data Penempatan dan Perlindungan TKI Periode Bulan Desember Tahun 2017. Badan nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Jakarta. Indonesia.
BPS (2017). Statistik Mobilitas Penduduk dan Tenaga Kerja. Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta. Indonesia.
Grigorian, D. A., Melkonyan, T. A. (2011). Destined to receive: The Impact of Remittances on Household Decisions in Armenia. Review of development economics, 15(1), 139-153.
Hugo, G. (1995). International Labor Migration and the Family: Some Observations from Indonesia. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 4(2-3), 273-301.
Hugo, G. (2002). Effects of International Migration on the Family in Indonesia. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 11(1), 13-46.
León-Ledesma, M., Piracha, M. (2001). International Migration and the Role of Remittances in Eastern Europe. University of Kent, Department of Economics. Discussion Paper 01, 13.
Nguyen, T., Purnamasari, R. (2011). Impacts of International Migration and Remittances on Child Outcomes and Labor Supply in Indonesia: How does Gender Matter? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series.
Parinduri, R. A., Thangavelu, S. M. (2011). Impact of Remittances on Human Capital Development of Children in Indonesian Household.
Raharto, A. (2011). The Migratory Experience of Returned Migrant Domestic Workers: The Example of Indonesia. In: Paper on Workshop on Strengthening Dialogue between ESCWA and ESCAP Countries on International Migration and Development.
Schiopu, I., Siegfried, N. (2006). Determinants of workers' remittances. Evidence from the European neighbouring region', European Central Bank Discussion Paper No. 688.
SMERU (2015). Return Migration and the Importance of Reintegration Policies. Policy Brief. No. 3/2015
Syafitri, W., Knerr, B. (2012). Migration in East Java, Indonesia: Implications for Family Welfare and Rural Development. International Labor Migration International Labor Migration, 92.
Veall, M. R., Zimmermann, K. F. (1996). Pseudo - R2 Measures For Some Common Limited Dependent Variable Models. Journal of Economic surveys, 10(3), 241-259.
Yang, D., Martínez, A. (2005). Remittances and Poverty in Migrants' Home Areas: Evidence from the Philippines.
Yen, K. C., Platt, M., Yeoh, B. S., Mila, S., Arlini, G. B., Sugiyarto, E. (2014). Gendered Migration Patterns, Processes and Outcomes: Results from a Household Survey in Ponorogo, Indonesia.
Wahba, J. (2015). Who Benefits from Return Migration to Developing Countries? IZA World of Labor 2015, 123 (doi: 10.15185/izawol.123), pp. 1 - 1o.
World Bank Group (2015). World Bank Publications.
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One Day In July: Remembering The 1934 Minneapolis Teamster Strike
THE 1934 MINNEAPOLIS TRUCKERS STRIKE On "Bloody Friday", July 20,1934,at 3rd and 6th, 67 striking truckdrivers and their supporters were shot by Minneapolis police, acting on orders from the Citizens Alliance, an anti-labor employers' group, which controlled city government. Seventy-five years later, WE REMEMBER THEIR SACRIFICE!
This weekend Minneapolis returned to an old tradition and celebrated the 1934 general strike in Minneapolis, that brought unionism to Minneapolis. The first day was a music festival in the streets where the fighting took place. Today was a picnic attended by relatives of strikers, and representatives of the UE who took part in the Republic Windows occupation in Chicago. No known 1934 strikers are living.
Teamsters got their name from starting out organizing drivers of teams of horses. There was less time between the 1934 stike and the Civil War, than the strike and today.
By Dave Riehle
Three successive strikes by Minneapolis truck drivers in 1934 resulted in the defeat of the Citizen's Alliance, the dominant employer organization that had broken nearly every major strike in that city since 1916. The strikes also established the industrial form of union organization through the medium of an American Federation of Labor (AFL) craft union and set the stage for the organization of over-the-road drivers throughout an 11-state area, transforming the Teamsters into a million-plus member union. The strikes were notable for their almost unequaled advance preparation, military tactics, and the degree to which they drew the active participation of union, non-union, and unemployed workers in Minneapolis alike into their struggle. Veteran union militants expelled from the American Communist Party in 1928 as Trotskyists led the strikes.
Carl Skoglund and V R. (Ray) Dunne, the central leaders, had also been expelled from the AFL Trades and Labor Assembly in Minneapolis in 1925 for their political views, along with 20 other Communists. In 1931 Skoglund obtained membership in Teamsters Local 574, a small general drivers. local. The president, William Brown, was supportive of their perspective for organizing drivers, helpers, and inside workers into an industrial union formation that could break the hold of the Citizen.s Alliance.
By late 1933, working in Minneapolis coal yards, they had consolidated a volunteer organizing committee, including Grant and Miles Dunne (V.R's brothers), Harry DeBoer, and Farrell Dobbs. Dobbs, DeBoer, and Shaun (Jack) Maloney became key leaders of the over-the-road drivers' organizing campaign from 1935 to 1940.
On 7 February 1934, a strike was called in the coal yards, shutting down sixty-five of sixty-seven yards in three hours. Under the leadership of DeBoer, an innovative strike tactic was introduced for the first time, cruising picket squads patrolling the streets by automobile. Cold winter demand for coal brought a quick end to the strike two days later, resulting in a limited victory for the union. Local 574's membership rose to three thousand by April, as the organization drive continued.
In preparation for a general drivers. strike, 574 got agreement for active support from Minneapolis unemployed organizations and the Farm Holiday Association, allied with the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party. On 15 May, Local 574, now 6,000 members strong, voted to strike all trucking employers, demanding union recognition, the right to represent inside workers, and wage increases.
The union deployed cruising picket squads from strike headquarters, a big garage where they also installed a hospital and commissary. A strike committee of one hundred was elected, with broad representation from struck firms. A women's auxiliary was established at the suggestion of Carl Skoglund.
On Monday, 21 May, a major battle between strikers and police and special deputies took place in the central market area. At a crucial, point, 600 pickets, concealed the previous evening in nearby AFL headquarters, emerged and routed the police and deputies in hand-to-hand combat. Over thirty cops went to the hospital. No pickets were arrested.
On Tuesday, 22 May, the battle began again. About 20,000 strikers, sympathizers, and spectators assembled in the central market area, and a local radio station broadcast live from the site. Again, no trucks were moved.
Two special deputies were killed, including C. Arthur Lyman, a leader of the Citizen's Alliance. No pickets were arrested. On 25 May a settlement was reached that met the union's major objectives, including representation of inside workers.
In the following weeks, it became clear the employers were not carrying out the agreement. Over 700 cases of discrimination were recorded between May and July. Another strike was called on 16 July. The union's newspaper, The Organizer, became the first daily ever published by a striking union. Trucking was again effectively closed down until Friday, 20 July, when police opened fire on unarmed pickets, wounding 67, two of whom, John Belor and Henry Ness, died.
The Minneapolis Labor Review reported attendance of 100,000 at Ness's funeral on 24 July. A public commission, set up later by the governor, reported: "Police took direct aim at the pickets and fired to kill. Physical safety of the police was at no time endangered. No weapons were in possession of the pickets." On 26 July, Farmer-Labor Governor Floyd B. Olson declared martial law and mobilized four thousand National Guardsmen, who began issuing operating permits to truck drivers.
On 1 August, National Guard troops seized strike headquarters and placed arrested union leaders in a stockade at the state fairgrounds in Saint Paul. The next day, the headquarters were restored to the union and the leaders released from the stockade, as the National Guard carried out a token raid on the Citizen's Alliance headquarters. The union appealed to the Central Labor Union for a general strike and the governor issued an ultimatum that he would stop all trucks by midnight, 5 August, if there was no settlement. Nevertheless, by 14 August there were thousands of trucks operating under military permits.
Although the strike was gravely weakened by martial law and economic pressure, union leaders made it clear that it would continue. On 21 August, a federal mediator got acceptance of a settlement pro-posal from A. W. Strong, head of the Citizen.s Alliance, incorporating the union.s major demands. The settlement was ratified and the back of employer resist-ance to unionization in Minneapolis was broken. In March 1935 International president Daniel Tobin expelled Local 574 from the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT). However, in August 1936 Tobin was forced to relent and recharter the local as 544. The leaders of 544 went on to develop the area and conference bargaining that exists today in the IBT. Local 544 remained under socialist leader-ship until 1941, when eighteen leaders of the union and the Socialist Workers Party were sentenced to federal prison, the first victims of the anti-radical Smith Act, a law eventually found by the United States Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.
Posted by Frank Partisan at 12:53 AM
Labels: 1934 Teamster Strike, Carl Skoglund, Citizen's Alliance, Dunne Brothers, Harry DeBoer, Leon Trotsky, Teamsters Local 574
How about a bit of honesty and integrity Renegade Eye?
I didn't even remotely blame the UK muslims for all the problems in the world in that last thread, not even remotely - can you really substantiate that extraordinary smear made before you took away the opportunity for rebuttal? Or is it just hysterical, biased rubbish in reaction to nothing but facts and the truth?
Delete away my friend, you obviously seem to have been won over by the DHG school of dirty tricks: Smear, cut, close and / or censor.
By your own account, it sounds like the Union drew first blood, Ren. You guys proud of sending thirty cops to the hospital?
ps - If it's any consolation, I don't think it was your post, Sentinel, which served as the reason for closing down the last thread.
Desert Mystery said...
Sorry for an unrelated question, Ren.
Why is the Democratic party in Minnesota called the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party? Are they left of the national democratic party?
And to think I didn't make one single solitary comment in the last thread, so no one can blame me for its problems. Which is a relief, as I was starting to feel like one of those UK Muslims. But, since I am in general agreement with the "party line" here, I guess it's safe to comment.
FJ-Good on you in that last thread, by the way, but as for this one, what were the cops doing there to begin with?
And as for the thirty cops in the hospital, what about this-
"Trucking was again effectively closed down until Friday, 20 July, when police opened fire on unarmed pickets, wounding 67, two of whom, John Belor and Henry Ness, died."
I've done a lot of rethinking and re-evaluating my support for unions lately, but from the looks of things, they were pretty much the "good guys" here.
I admit I don't know that much about the situation. I can be convinced. Hell, here lately I've started to wonder if even the Mafia was really all that bad. I'm about two inches away from wanting to put Jimmy Hoffa's mug on Mount Rushmore.
They do the same thing in New York, Desert Mystery. I think it was originally a way of forming coalitions.
And with that, I am back into hibernating mode.
Okay, just one more point and I'll shut up.
Kudos to the union for this-
"Cold winter demand for coal brought a quick end to the strike two days later, resulting in a limited victory for the union."
Give them credit for common sense at least.
Okay, I misread that. From the looks of it, I guess it was the bosses who ended the strike because of the bad weather. So, good on them.
Just a few notes. I'll comment more later.
1) The union organized an unemployed union, so they would not cross the picket lines, and in fact be on them.
2) It was the first strike with a daily newspaper.
3) They invented cruising pickets. They would allow trucks to leave the yards, and stop them blocks away.
4) They had a ladies auxillary, that cooked food and did healthcare. Strikers didn't use hospitals.
5) The depression started in 1929, but actions like this occured around 1934/1935. Consciousness follows events.
6) It was organized by the Communist League of America, the Trotskyists in the US. Trotsky had disagreements with how they organized it. They were great unionists, but poor Marxists. They didn't call for a break from Roosevelt and Democrats, or call for nationalizations.
Desert Mystery: Minnesota had a populist party called the Farmer Labor Party, that merged with the Democratic Party in the 1940s.
Pagan: The coal strike was the first in a series of three strikes. They closed 650 coal yards.
FJ: Violence was defensive. I've seen videos.
I don't think an ambush like the one you described can really be fairly classisfied as "defensive", Ren.
At a crucial, point, 600 pickets, concealed the previous evening in nearby AFL headquarters, emerged and routed the police and deputies in hand-to-hand combat. Over thirty cops went to the hospital. No pickets were arrested.
And the police "massacre" described later almost sounds like retaliation for the violent ambush.
I'll admit I don't have any facts. I'm merely stating what it sounds like. First blood.... then retaliation by a superior force.
This is about how the bureaucrats, Stalinists and gangsters, tried to sabotage the strike.
Sentinel: It would have been disasterous to keep going with the last thread.
Pagan: The coal strike was militant. Coal was dumped on the street, when the trucks were stopped.
Desert Mystery: See my previous comment.
FJ: Your favorite source on the 1934 strike; Wikipedia.
The States Has A Proud Labour Tradition.
It's A Pity (no surprise though!)That The Media Hides The Fact.
People Should Know Their History.
You should have related the events of May 19.
The market was to be the scene of the fiercest fighting during the earliest part of the strike. On Saturday, May 19, 1934, Minneapolis Police and private guards beat a number of strikers trying to prevent strikebreakers from unloading a truck in that area and waylaid several strikers who had responded to a report that scab drivers were unloading newsprint at the two major dailies' loading docks. When those injured strikers were brought back to the strike headquarters the police followed; the strikers, however, not only refused to let the police into the headquarters, but left two of them unconscious on the sidewalk outside.
It better sets the stage for the events of 21st (the ambush) although it does sound like the workers may have been capitalizing on their "mobility tactics" and were cognizant of the fact that the cops would now likely pursue them back to their HQ (setting out the bait they needed for the ambush).
Tony: People here don't know their history. The ones that do, have a hard time with the dialectic between today and the thirties. Young people don't know the words to Solidarity Forever.
FJ: There isn't any controversy that the workers were violent. Minneapolis used to have a picnic to celebrate the victory of the workers of three strikes. The bosses created the Aquatennial Celebration to counter the picnics. Now the Aquatennial wants to add a pro labor event. Only in Minneapolis.
Harry Barnes said...
Labour : What Is To Be Done? See -
http://dronfieldblather.blogspot.com/2009/07/labour-what-is-to-be-done.html
Harry: I changed my links to reflect your new blogging direction.
In the US, a labor party is a revolutionary idea, whose time has come.
Donald Trump’s American Carnage Comes to Washington
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Stratfor: WikiLeaks and the Afghan War
By George Friedman
On Sunday, The New York Times and two other newspapers published summaries and excerpts of tens of thousands of documents leaked to a website known as WikiLeaks. The documents comprise a vast array of material concerning the war in Afghanistan. They range from tactical reports from small unit operations to broader strategic analyses of politico-military relations between the United States and Pakistan. It appears to be an extraordinary collection.
Tactical intelligence on firefights is intermingled with reports on confrontations between senior U.S. and Pakistani officials in which lists of Pakistani operatives in Afghanistan are handed over to the Pakistanis. Reports on the use of surface-to-air missiles by militants in Afghanistan are intermingled with reports on the activities of former Pakistani intelligence chief Lt. Gen. Hamid Gul, who reportedly continues to liaise with the Afghan Taliban in an informal capacity.
The WikiLeaks
At first glance, it is difficult to imagine a single database in which such a diverse range of intelligence was stored, or the existence of a single individual cleared to see such diverse intelligence stored across multiple databases and able to collect, collate and transmit the intelligence without detection. Intriguingly, all of what has been released so far has been not-so-sensitive material rated secret or below. The Times reports that Gul’s name appears all over the documents, yet very few documents have been released in the current batch, and it is very hard to imagine intelligence on Gul and his organization, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) directorate, being classified as only secret. So, this was either low-grade material hyped by the media, or there is material reviewed by the selected newspapers but not yet made public. Still, what was released and what the Times discussed is consistent with what most thought was happening in Afghanistan.
The obvious comparison is to the Pentagon Papers, commissioned by the Defense Department to gather lessons from the Vietnam War and leaked by Daniel Ellsberg to the Times during the Nixon administration. Many people worked on the Pentagon Papers, each of whom was focused on part of it and few of whom would have had access to all of it.
Ellsberg did not give the Times the supporting documentation; he gave it the finished product. By contrast, in the WikiLeaks case, someone managed to access a lot of information that would seem to have been contained in many different places. If this was an unauthorized leak, then it had to have involved a massive failure in security. Certainly, the culprit should be known by now and his arrest should have been announced. And certainly, the gathering of such diverse material in one place accessible to one or even a few people who could move it without detection is odd.
Like the Pentagon Papers, the WikiLeaks (as I will call them) elicited a great deal of feigned surprise, not real surprise. Apart from the charge that the Johnson administration contrived the Gulf of Tonkin incident, much of what the Pentagon Papers contained was generally known. Most striking about the Pentagon Papers was not how much surprising material they contained, but how little. Certainly, they contradicted the official line on the war, but there were few, including supporters of the war, who were buying the official line anyway.
In the case of the WikiLeaks, what is revealed also is not far from what most people believed, although they provide enormous detail. Nor is it that far from what government and military officials are saying about the war. No one is saying the war is going well, though some say that given time it might go better.
The view of the Taliban as a capable fighting force is, of course, widespread. If they weren’t a capable fighting force, then the United States would not be having so much trouble defeating them. The WikiLeaks seem to contain two strategically significant claims, however. The first is that the Taliban are a more sophisticated fighting force than has been generally believed. An example is the claim that Taliban fighters have used man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) against U.S. aircraft. This claim matters in a number of ways. First, it indicates that the Taliban are using technologies similar to those used against the Soviets. Second, it raises the question of where the Taliban are getting them — they certainly don’t manufacture MANPADS themselves.
If they have obtained advanced technologies, this would have significance on the battlefield. For example, if reasonably modern MANPADS were to be deployed in numbers, the use of American airpower would either need to be further constrained or higher attrition rates accepted. Thus far, only first- and second-generation MANPADS without Infrared Counter-Countermeasures (which are more dangerous) appear to have been encountered, and not with decisive or prohibitive effectiveness. But in any event, this doesn’t change the fundamental character of the war.
Supply Lines and Sanctuaries
What it does raise is the question of supply lines and sanctuaries. The most important charge contained in the leaks is about Pakistan. The WikiLeaks contain documents that charge that the Pakistanis are providing both supplies and sanctuary to Taliban fighters while objecting to American forces entering Pakistan to clean out the sanctuaries and are unwilling or unable to carry out that operation by themselves (as they have continued to do in North Waziristan).
Just as important, the documents charge that the ISI has continued to maintain liaison and support for the Taliban in spite of claims by the Pakistani government that pro-Taliban officers had been cleaned out of the ISI years ago. The document charges that Gul, the director-general of the ISI from 1987 to 1989, still operates in Pakistan, informally serving the ISI and helping give the ISI plausible deniability.
Though startling, the charge that Islamabad is protecting and sustaining forces fighting and killing Americans is not a new one. When the United States halted operations in Afghanistan after the defeat of the Soviets in 1989, U.S. policy was to turn over operations in Afghanistan to Pakistan. U.S. strategy was to use Islamist militants to fight the Soviets and to use Pakistani liaisons through the ISI to supply and coordinate with them. When the Soviets and Americans left Afghanistan, the ISI struggled to install a government composed of its allies until the Taliban took over Kabul in 1996. The ISI’s relationship with the Taliban — which in many ways are the heirs to the anti-Soviet mujahideen — is widely known. In my book, “America’s Secret War,” I discussed both this issue and the role of Gul. These documents claim that this relationship remains intact. Apart from Pakistani denials, U.S. officials and military officers frequently made this charge off the record, and on the record occasionally. The leaks on this score are interesting, but they will shock only those who didn’t pay attention or who want to be shocked.
Let’s step back and consider the conflict dispassionately. The United States forced the Taliban from power. It never defeated the Taliban nor did it make a serious effort to do so, as that would require massive resources the United States doesn’t have. Afghanistan is a secondary issue for the United States, especially since al Qaeda has established bases in a number of other countries, particularly Pakistan, making the occupation of Afghanistan irrelevant to fighting al Qaeda.
For Pakistan, however, Afghanistan is an area of fundamental strategic interest. The region’s main ethnic group, the Pashtun, stretch across the Afghan-Pakistani border. Moreover, were a hostile force present in Afghanistan, as one was during the Soviet occupation, Pakistan would face threats in the west as well as the challenge posed by India in the east. For Pakistan, an Afghanistan under Pakistani influence or at least a benign Afghanistan is a matter of overriding strategic importance.
It is therefore irrational to expect the Pakistanis to halt collaboration with the force that they expect to be a major part of the government of Afghanistan when the United States leaves. The Pakistanis never expected the United States to maintain a presence in Afghanistan permanently. They understood that Afghanistan was a means toward an end, and not an end in itself. They understood this under George W. Bush. They understand it even more clearly under Barack Obama, who made withdrawal a policy goal.
Given that they don’t expect the Taliban to be defeated, and given that they are not interested in chaos in Afghanistan, it follows that they will maintain close relations with and support for the Taliban. Given that the United States is powerful and is Pakistan’s only lever against India, the Pakistanis will not make this their public policy, however. The United States has thus created a situation in which the only rational policy for Pakistan is two-tiered, consisting of overt opposition to the Taliban and covert support for the Taliban.
This is duplicitous only if you close your eyes to the Pakistani reality, which the Americans never did. There was ample evidence, as the WikiLeaks show, of covert ISI ties to the Taliban. The Americans knew they couldn’t break those ties. They settled for what support Pakistan could give them while constantly pressing them harder and harder until genuine fears in Washington emerged that Pakistan could destabilize altogether. Since a stable Pakistan is more important to the United States than a victory in Afghanistan — which it wasn’t going to get anyway — the United States released pressure and increased aid. If Pakistan collapsed, then India would be the sole regional power, not something the United States wants.
The WikiLeaks seem to show that like sausage-making, one should never look too closely at how wars are fought, particularly coalition warfare. Even the strongest alliances, such as that between the United States and the United Kingdom in World War II, are fraught with deceit and dissension. London was fighting to save its empire, an end Washington was hostile to; much intrigue ensued. The U.S.-Pakistani alliance is not nearly as trusting. The United States is fighting to deny al Qaeda a base in Afghanistan while Pakistan is fighting to secure its western frontier and its internal stability. These are very different ends that have very different levels of urgency.
The WikiLeaks portray a war in which the United States has a vastly insufficient force on the ground that is fighting a capable and dedicated enemy who isn’t going anywhere. The Taliban know that they win just by not being defeated, and they know that they won’t be defeated. The Americans are leaving, meaning the Taliban need only wait and prepare.
The Pakistanis also know that the Americans are leaving and that the Taliban or a coalition including the Taliban will be in charge of Afghanistan when the Americans leave. They will make certain that they maintain good relations with the Taliban. They will deny that they are doing this because they want no impediments to a good relationship with the United States before or after it leaves Afghanistan. They need a patron to secure their interests against India. Since the United States wants neither an India outside a balance of power nor China taking the role of Pakistan’s patron, it follows that the risk the United States will bear grudges is small. And given that, the Pakistanis can live with Washington knowing that one Pakistani hand is helping the Americans while another helps the Taliban. Power, interest and reality define the relations between nations, and different factions inside nations frequently have different agendas and work against each other.
The WikiLeaks, from what we have seen so far, detail power, interest and reality as we have known it. They do not reveal a new reality. Much will be made about the shocking truth that has been shown, which, as mentioned above, shocks only those who wish to be shocked. The Afghan war is about an insufficient American and allied force fighting a capable enemy on its home ground and a Pakistan positioning itself for the inevitable outcome. The WikiLeaks contain all the details.
We are left with the mystery of who compiled all of these documents and who had access to them with enough time and facilities to transmit them to the outside world in a blatant and sustained breach of protocol. The image we have is of an unidentified individual or small group working to get a “shocking truth” out to the public, only the truth is not shocking — it is what was known all along in excruciating detail. Who would want to detail a truth that is already known, with access to all this documentation and the ability to transmit it unimpeded? Whoever it proves to have been has just made the most powerful case yet for withdrawal from Afghanistan sooner rather than later.
Labels: Afghanistan, Daniel Ellsburg, Pakistan, taliban, The Pentagon Papers, WikiLeaks
Democrats really made a huge blunder in 2008 when they called Iraq "the wrong war" and Afghanistan "the right war", while it was precisely the opposite.
Now, it's Obama's war and he can't really withdraw without losing face.
I think it will drag on, as a kind of low-intensity conflict, until the parties concerned will get tired of it.
Obama made it his war.
I've been thinking lately, the reason finance capital went for Obama so strong, is because Bush was a disaster for the empire.
In Iraq, a Sunni dictator, was replaced by a pro-Iranian dictator. It's inevitable the Taliban will return to power.
The goals of both wars, were not achieved.
Iraq will have another Bonapartist dictatorship. The Shiites are rural. They don't know any other kind of government.
the reason finance capital went for Obama so strong, is because Bush was a disaster for the empire.
100% correct.
But most leftists still don't get it. Their stupidity is really amazing.
Personally, I don't think Bush fought the Iraq War for the "empire". It was personal. He wanted to overthrow Saddam Hussein because he tried to assassinate his father.
I don't know much about Saddam trying to kill Bush's father. I've heard that.
To some supporters, having a mobile US military presence in the Middle East was a goal. That turned into a disaster.
Some on the left won't admit Bush's democracy rhetoric was a good point about him. He gave that up quick.
I think Obama will want to do a SOFA type agreement in Afghanistan.
The wars disrupted balances of power, between India and Pakistan, and Iraq and Iran.
I don't know much about Saddam trying to kill Bush's father.
You would know more if it was YOUR father...
This is life. You kill millions of Kurds and Shiites and Iranians... and nobody says anything. But then you mess with one (only ONE) wrong motherfucker and... WHAT THE FUCK JUST HAPPENED ? Why is the entire US military on my ass ???
"I don't care about any "balance of power" bullshit. You tried to kill my daddy!"
Sonia: I'm starting to agree with you. I don't know the details of the threat.
The Afghanistan fiasco isn't going well. That's no revelation.
So maybe on of McChrystal's homeboys released the leaks. How much does it matter?
Fact is that the right wing diaper pissers are still afraid that the crack Afghan spec-ops are going to night drop and put botulism in their corn flakes. We are a nation of frightened children who do understand the party is over, the dollar is dogshit and the empire is no more.
Still, anyone who doesn't realize this is ALL about Iran and not some two bit dictator with "weapons of mass destruction"(LMAO) is really missing a good game.
I don't know the details
Back in 1993, Clinton actually ordered a huge bombing raid on Iraq in retaliation, after discovering the details of the assassination plot.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/timeline/062793.htm
A year later, in 1994, Dubya went into politics, winning his very first election (as governor of Texas). Coincidence ?
Ducky: If there was the remotest chance there was WMD's, there would have been no invasion.
At one time, it was believed the US army will contain or circle Iran, and be mobile to attack anyone else. Those days are gone. All Middle East governments are unstable. Bush was delusional.
Sonia: It makes more sense daily. Even Chomsky denies ownership of oil, as a reason. Control of who buys it, is an issue.
The problem with all that is that Bush didn’t conceive or plan the Iraq war – these people did:
They were the authors of the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) and had called for the invasion of Iraq long before 9/11 – their long awaited and much desired “new ‘Pearl Harbour.”
It was these people who led Bush by the nose and not just in Iraq but Afghanistan too, and their influence can still be felt with the forthcoming war against Iran.
Bush and his ‘daddy’ was just a coincidental sideshow.
Rog says: -
The PNAC document was based on an earlier document written by the same crowd called "Clean Break"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Clean_Break:_A_New_Strategy_for_Securing_the_Realm
I agree the americans were led into the war by powerful people who had other interests at heart, the bush assassination plot is just an urban myth.
Sonia: That article may be right. There are no details to the plot.
Sentinel: I agree the neoconservatives had great influence.
We've gone around before. I don't see war with Iran any time soon. The US needs Iran and Syria to withdraw from Iraq.
Anonymous: The Iraq War drained the ruling class. It made so little sense. Afghanistan is an irrational drain as well.
Like all of history it was a convergence of factors. The remarkable thing is what a lousy hegemon the U.S. turned out to be!
A few good decades then ruin.
Troutsky: I agree.
The long term planning was completely based on illusions.
Troutsky,
The remarkable thing is what a lousy hegemon the U.S. turned out to be!,
No doubt Hitler's Germany would make a much better hegemon that everybody could admire.
It's funny how people always admire winners and despise losers. Skratch a Marxist and an opportunist is always underneath...
One day you'll understand that "lousy hegemon" is the best kind.
Hitler's Germany didn't make a good hegemon. The Soviet Union got in the way.
The Soviet Union got in the way
Yes, a state capitalist Soviet Union led by Trotsky's murderer, who killed more Communists than Hitler, McCarthy and Pinochet combined....
One day, you'll need to explain why you defend Stalin so much...
"The Soviet Union got in the way"
As I have pretty much demonstrated at least a few times on this blog, the USSR would have completely collapsed almost immediately without massive US and British aid because the workers paradise was grossly incompetent in production and torturously backward in technology.
To a much lesser effect but much more ignoble degree, the murderers of the NKVD played their part too executing enmasse the ‘work-shy’, dissatisfied workers or simply just the latest object of Stalin and his minions hatred and paranoia as well as gleefully machine gunning retreating Red Army soldiers and murdering returned Soviet POW’s.
And to cap it all, all of the Marxist dogma went out of the window straight away in favour of a nationalist appeal to fight for the ‘Motherland’ because the communists knew that ordinary people care naught for their anti-human nature and anti-reality claptrap.
The truth is that if the Germans had came - or even just pretended to come - as liberators the oppressed Soviet people would have joined them, as they initially did in the Ukraine.
The communist knew that and were terrified of it.
Sentinel,
as they initially did in the Ukraine.
Not just Ukraine. And not just "initially". Two million Russians joined Vlasov's Army as late as 1944, when Red Army's victory was all but assured. And Don Cossacks, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Kalmyks, Tartars and almost every nation in the Caucasus also joined the anti-Soviet ranks during WWII.
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City of Mist Master of Ceremonies' Toolkit.
An even bleaker prospect for them is victory for Labour’s Jeremy Corbyn -- the first leader of a mainstream party to challenge the City’s power since the Big Bang era of the 1980s. He wants to.
Cincinnati Kid (1965) - the all-star cast of Steve McQueen, Ann-Margret, Karl Malden; Tuesday Weld; Edward G. Robinson, Rip Torn, and Can Calloway headline this rambling, gambling story of a poker player attempting to prove himself in a high-stakes match against a long-time master of the game. By the way, the odds of the same poker hand appearing in the same deal are worse than 45-million-to-1.
Louis Theroux goes to the heart of gambling culture in Las Vegas. Louis, Martin and Michael Louis Theroux sets out on a personal quest to meet ultimate pop idol Michael Jackson.
The Athenaeum gentlemen’s club is an aesthetic delight; a building designed by Decimus Burton, built in the neoclassical style with a bas-relief frieze (a low relief decorated with imagery or emblems) copied from that of the Parthenon in Athens.As they enter, club members pass under the watchful gaze of the classical goddess of wisdom, Athena, who stands erect above the doorway.
Two of the capital’s councils are considering giving police new powers to tackle illegal gambling games at top tourist hotspots. Lambeth and Westminster councils have teamed up in a bid to.
Special Features With our work, education and social lives relying on a fast and reliable internet connection during the coronavirus pandemic, Openreach's team of engineers have stepped up to the.
Gilead Media is proud to continue working with KOWLOON WALLED CITY by way of reissue. We are pleased to present new high-quality pressings of the out-or-print Turk Street EP (2008, Howling Mine) and Gambling on the Richter Scale LP (2009, Perpetual Motion Machine). Following on the heels of their universally-praised 20.
The Mist is a gaseous manifestation of Preservation's power similar to both the liquid in the Well of Ascension and the beads of Lerasium. The Mist is far less dense than Preservation's liquid form, and as such is more limited in what can be done with it. Where Preservation's liquid form can be used to do great things, from moving planets to changing or creating living creatures, the Mist.
Many games claim to only be limited by your imagination, but City of Mist comes a lot closer to actually achieving this than most. For example, a team of investigators could include a fitness instructor with the strength and anger-management issues of Hercules, or a sinister librarian whose urban legend-inspired powers allow her to enter mirrors and find those who speak her name too many times.
City of Mist Case: Gambling with Death This is a scenario for the City of Mist RPG, compatible with the Core Books bundle which includes the Player's Guide and the MC Toolkit Gambling with Death: A Case of Untimely Death and Shady Dealings at the Casino In an attempt to save his life, the ruler of a casino empire who is up to his neck in debt captures a legendary hustler who he hopes could be.
According to the group, 55,000 11- to 16-year-olds would be classified as having a gambling problem. The overall number of people in Britain with a serious gambling problem is estimated to be at least 430,000. Gambling addiction can be a matter of life and death. Earlier this year, academics in Sweden noted a significant link between gambling.
Middlesbrough 0-3 Swansea City: Rhian Brewster brace helps Swans to victory. 1d 2 days ago; Coronavirus: Experts warn of 'post-lockdown drugs binge' 3d 3 days ago; 2d 2 days ago Street warden.
At times, this certainly seemed to be the case with Magic City.This series was, by all accounts, riding the coattails of the period-drama craze started back in 2007 by Matthew Weiner and his existential ad men and women over at AMC. And while the sun-soaked bodies, classic cars and white sandy beaches of 1960s Miami held a certain aesthetic allure that certainly ticked all the boxes in terms.
City of Mist is a comic-book film-noir RPG, where you play ordinary individuals with legendary powers and hit the streets of a haunted modern-day city in search for answers. With a simple but powerful narrative game system and unique character motivation and evolution mechanics, City of Mist will let you experience just what happens when everyday life on the streets awakens to unfathomable.
Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser are two sword-and-sorcery heroes appearing in stories written by American author Fritz Leiber.They are the protagonists of what are probably Leiber's best-known stories. One of his motives in writing them was to have a couple of fantasy heroes closer to true human nature than the likes of Howard's Conan the Barbarian or Burroughs's Tarzan.
Gambling addict Ryan Myers, 27, a carpenter from Huyton, Liverpool, took his own life because he felt he had 'lost control' after losing thousands of pounds on betting machines.
Hospital admissions for gambling addiction have doubled in six years due to 'shameless' betting giants, the NHS warned last night. Almost 500 Britons needed emergency treatment last year after.
City of Mist RPG: Player Guide Core Rulebook by Son of Oak Game Studio Hit the rainy streets of an enigmatic metropolis as a modern-day legend in search for the truth. Investigate unsolved cases, uncover the stories of the city residents, and confront the hidden forces pulling the strings from beyond the veil of the Mist. Make hard calls about which aspect of your life to promote and which to.
Hi all, I just got the City of Mist Player’s Guide, but I was wondering if it’s totally necessary to also use the MC Toolkit to run the game? I’m a fairly proficient GM with a number of systems, including many Powered by the Apocalypse games, but obviously CoM is quite different to most PbtA games. What is actually in the MC Toolkit and is it 100% necessary to run a game? Thanks for any.
Latest news, sport and events from around Plymouth. Including opinion, live blogs, pictures and video from the Plymouth Live team, formerly Plymouth Herald.
The Master of Ceremonies' (MC) Toolkit is designed to support City of Mist MCs in every aspect of gamemastering. It includes step-by-step guides for creating and running your own City of Mist series, as well as ample ready-to-play content: challenges, adversaries, arch-villains, and a full case - Gambling With Death - so you can start playing right off the bat.
Welcome to the official website of the City of Rosenberg, TX! Whether you are planning to spend the day, a week or a lifetime here, Rosenberg is a community proud of its rich history dating back to 1883 when the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railways laid out a town site and named it after the company’s president, Henry Rosenberg. Rosenberg began as a shipping point on the Brazos River, and.
One more fatality pushed the death toll to 33. The 10 were charged with illegal gambling and violating the Emergency Decree by gathering socially in a large group. A set of tables and chairs, table cloths, cards and chips worth several thousand baht were seized by the officers.
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Brand Protect EU > Designs
Design Rights: how to protect your designs
Design rights protect the visual appearance or appeal of products. They can be the most effective and economical form of intellectual property (IP) owned by your organisation. Design rights can be registered or unregistered. New designs can be registered with various intellectual property offices around the world, and in the USA, where they are referred to as “design patents”.
How can I prevent manufacturers and /or big retail companies copying my graphics or product designs and mass-producing them?
If you are a designer, click here for a brief explanation.
In the UK, registered design rights protect the complete appearance of a product’s design; including its lines, contours, colours, materials, texture, and shape. Whereas an unregistered design right additionally protects the shape, appearance and configuration of products, both internally and externally. The design can take the form of a two-dimensional drawing or a three-dimensional design made to that drawing, or vice-versa.
The layout of a shop, packaging colours, and the brand name and logo chosen for the business, can all be subject to registered design rights. Registering design rights is also an appropriate way to protect websites from copycat competitors. Applications to register designs in the UK are filed in the UK Designs Registry, which is part of the Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO).
Community Design right covers gives rights in each of member states in the European Union (EU). A Community Design that complies with the requirements of protection for such designs is directly enforceable in each member state of the European Union. In a similar way to UK design regulations, the designer relying on a Community Design has the option of relying on either an unregistered Community Design right or a registered Community Design right. A registered Community Design is valid in all countries of the EU. The EUIPO only deals with applications for registered Community Designs, as an unregistered Community Design does not require filing for registration.
How to choose between registered and unregistered design rights
This section introduces the two types of design rights, and the following sections go on to explain them each in more detail.
Unregistered design rights are awarded automatically if the design meets the following criteria:
The design is original and is all your own work, and
The design is not commonplace or is not widely acknowledged within groups of comparable products.
If you feel it is vital to register your design in order to protect its appearance, physical shape, configuration and decoration from potential copycats, then the registration process at the UKIPO takes about a month. This is assuming that the design:
Is new, and has an individual character,
Is not offensive,
Does not feature graphic imagery or words,
Does not utilise protected flags and emblems (e.g. a national flag or the Olympic rings), and
Is not an invention, nor a characteristic that is solely dictated by the product’s technical function, as this may require patent protection. More information on patents is available here.
Unregistered design rights tend to have shorter lives, in terms of length of time protection is afforded, and many aspects relating to the various aspects referred to above, can sometimes be difficult to prove. However, some businesses prefer to make use of unregistered design rights, simply because they consider registering a design to be costly and slow in comparison with the speed with which they develop new products, e.g. the fast-fashion sector.
Unregistered design right and design copyright holders looking to prosecute for an infringement must be able to prove that:
The rights holders created the design in the first place and
Deliberate duplication has occurred.
By contrast, in enforcing an alleged infringement of a registered design right does not require proving ownership of the right.
Although in order to be registered, a design must be novel, and difficulties often arise where the new design is similar to an existing design. The legal test is to assess whether, in the eyes of an informed user, the similarities are so strong that differences between the designs in question can be classed as being inconsequential; these differences are always “judged by the eye”.
A designer may have up to twelve months to make the new product available and to promote the design, before making a final decision as to whether to register the design work as a Community Design, or to allow the design to remain unregistered. If the designer or owner of the design fails to register the design in that twelve-month period, then the right to register the design is lost. If the designer wants to register a UK design, then he or she must undertake a design rights search prior to application, and register the design before it is shown to the public.
Further information on registered design rights and unregistered design rights is provided below.
What are Registered Design Rights?
With a registered design right, registration allows the proprietor to deal with the design as an item of property. The proprietor can mortgage, sell, and/or licence the right to use the registered design.
In the UK, as in the EU, a registered design can be protected for up to 25 years, subject to the registration being renewed every five years. Registration is relatively straightforward, and when you have obtained the design right (by registration), you may want to think about exploiting the right by licensing it to others. The official fees for UK registration start at £50.00. Currently, the official fees to register a Community Design start at €350.00 and more detailed information about that registration process is available on the EUIPO website, here.
Its worth noting that although Registered Designs are useful for protection against counterfeits, their narrow scope can mean that this protection can be circumvented by making an article look different to that shown in the Registered Design drawings.
In the recent past, the laws relating to registered designs have undergone significant change making them more relevant to the end user. The changes have been brought about by two legal measures; the first is a European Directive (98/71/EC) and the second is Council Regulation (EC) no 6/2002. The Directive caused the Registered Design Act 1949 to be changed radically and the Council Regulation introduced the availability of a Community-wide registered design. As a result, the advantage of registration is that it gives the owner a monopoly similar to the rights enjoyed by a patent proprietor.
Making multiple applications for registered design rights
Both the UK and EU registries allow multiple applications for more than one design, and do not restrict the designs to be grouped together. When filing multiple applications, the cost is reduced in comparison to making a single application.
Each of the designs in a multiple application is seen as a separate design and can therefore be licensed and/ or assigned separately. At renewal, not all the designs have to be renewed.
Overseas design registration
When making a registered design right application in the UK a “priority date” is generated. This date can be claimed as support for corresponding design applications filed abroad within six months of the UK filing date. It is also possible for a UK registered design application to claim priority from an overseas filing. For example, the same design can be applied for in the USA and then applied for in the UK, design right can be claimed from the date of application for the US “design patent”.
Even if you had made multiple applications at the same time (see above), it is still possible to claim different priorities for each design and to defer the registration and publication of only some of the designs.
Taking action for infringement or invalidity of a registration
The proprietor of a registered design can bring proceedings for infringement against any third party who applies the design, or one substantially similar to it, to products. In addition, the proprietor can also bring proceedings against anyone who trades in articles bearing that design. Unlike copyright, registered design can be enforced against a third party (such as a retailer) who has not himself or herself copied the proprietor’s design.
In deciding whether or not a third party’s design is sufficiently similar to the proprietor’s design, the documents deposited with the relevant registry are crucial. The remedies available to the proprietor of a registered design that may have been infringed include: court orders (injunctions), an order for delivery up, damages, accounts of profits and costs, as well as to curtail the use of the design on all types of products.
If you believe that a third party has registered a design that is similar to your own design, you can file a request to declare the third party’s registration invalid. Other potential bases for invalidity include lack of novelty, individual character, or that the proprietor is not entitled to the design.
Depending on your design, the registration process can be complicated; if you are uncertain as to how best to ensure full protection for your design in a cost effective manner, BRAND PROTECT can advise, and can undertake the registration process for you. Please call us on +353 (0) 15394211 for a free initial discussion about your application and, if you wish to proceed, to establish a fixed fee.
What is an Unregistered Design Right?
If a British citizen (or a citizen of the EU and certain other countries) creates a design then, on creation, the designer receives copyright protection for their design. This protection lasts for up to 15 years.
A Community-wide design right is created automatically when the design is first shown to the public, and is valid in all states of the European Union. If the design is not registered, it remains an ‘unregistered design right’ and lasts for three years from the date of the first showing to the public. However, beware, there may be no protection at all, as unregistered design rights do not exist in most countries outside the EU.
Although an unregistered design right lasts for up to 15 years in the UK, it is worth noting that during the final five years of any unregistered design right, the owner is obliged to give a licence of right to anybody who applies for such a right.
Brand Protect Expertise in Design Law and Regulation
BRAND PROTECT is a specialist IP law firm based in Dublin, Ireland and near Oxford, UK. The team has extensive experience in helping its clients to protect and exploit their designs. They understand the workings of design law and design-based businesses, and can use this knowledge to help you. In addition, BRAND PROTECT can represent you before the UK or Irish Intellectual Property Offices, EUIPO, or in court. Our aim is to give clients peace of mind, to resolve their issues, and to be cost effective in doing so. Our dispute resolution service is second to none. All this is fairly complicated, and at BRAND PROTECT we won’t charge you the earth for our services. Please call us on +353 (0) 15394211 for a free initial consultation about your design protection needs and how we can help you address them.
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Israel Missing From U.N. Sponsored Map
By Julie Stahl
CNS Jerusalem Bureau Chief
A key United Nations agency has lent its support to a Palestinian Authority tourism map that completely obliterates Israel.
Established by a U.N. resolution in 1978, the United Nations Development Program opened an office in eastern Jerusalem in 1981. It assists PA ministries in the development of the economy, infrastructure, schools, hospitals, water and rural areas.
Five percent of its funding comes from U.N. headquarters, with the rest coming from donors including Japan, the U.S., and European Union member states.
The PA Ministry of Tourism's new map, called "Palestine, The Holy Land," shows the entire expanse of present-day Israel, the disputed West Bank and Gaza Strip. The whole area is called "Palestine." There is no reference to Israel, or indication of borders between Israel and areas controlled by the PA.
"This publication was made possible thanks to the support of the United Nations Development Program/Program of assistance to the Palestinian people," reads a small credit on the back of the map.
However, a senior advisor to the UNDP in eastern Jerusalem, Omar Daudi Abu Khaled, distanced the agency from the contents of the map.
"This map was published by the Ministry of Tourism and is part of their encouraging tourist activities," he said by telephone on Friday.
"It's not our responsibility to identify the borders [between Israel and PA areas]," he added.
Itamar Marcus, director of the Palestinian Media Watch - an independent media monitoring group - said there was nothing new about the message being sent by the map.
"None of the official maps [of the PA] show Israel," he said, including those printed in PA school text books.
PMW had only managed to find a single tourist map in English that mentions Israel, and that one, Marcus said, was "not for internal consumption."
By contrast, Israeli maps routinely mark off PA-controlled areas. Some Israeli school text books already cover the Oslo peace process, which began seven years ago.
'Israel Does Not Exist'
The message to Palestinians was clear, Marcus said: "Israel does not exist."
On the tourist map, a few of the larger Israeli cities are marked, with Arab names underneath. All other Israeli communities are missing, while Arab villages are named.
Simultaneously, symbols in the map's legend include those for archeological sites, and historic Islamic and Christian sites. There are plenty of the latter, but only a single synagogue, near Jericho.
In Bethlehem, the Jewish shrine at the tomb of the biblical matriarch Rachel is demarcated as a historic mosque.
Under an inset aerial photo of the Temple Mount, known to Muslims as the Haram Al-Sharif is the explanation that the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque are the "third holiest place for Muslims after Mecca and Medina."
No reference is made to the fact the highly-contested Mount is also Judaism's holiest site, the location of two consecutive Jewish Temples.
"The Dome of the Rock is one of the most impressive buildings in Palestine with its gold plated Dome," the map says. "For Muslims this is the place where the Prophet Mohammed ascended to heaven in a night journey from the rock. Al-Aqsa Mosque was built by the Kaliph Waleed, son of Abdul Malek who built the Dome of the Rock between 709-715. It is used for group prayers."
On the flip side of the modern tourist map is a historical one, with dozens of descriptions of key places, including Islamic and Biblical historical sites.
There, Jerusalem is cited as a city "chosen by God to be the bulwark of the three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam." It also includes "Hebrews" in a long list of peoples who ruled over the city in times past.
©2001 CNSNews.com
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Human Rights Organizations on High Alert as Senate Considers CIA Liaison for US Ambassador to El Salvador
Media contact: Samantha Pineda, [email protected] (202) 521-2510 ext. 204
Washington, DC: On April 3, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee voted to give the green light to Ron Johnson, Trump’s nomination for U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador, moving him one step closer to confirmation. Johnson retired as a U.S. Army Colonel in 1998 and currently serves as a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Liaison to the U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM).
Human rights advocates are concerned about a former military officer representing the United States in El Salvador, especially given the U.S.’ support for brutal state repression during the country’s twelve-year Civil War (1980-1992) and see parallels to Trump Administration’s overall agenda for Central America, in which the U.S. military plays an ever-increasing role. The Administration has requested a drastic increase in Pentagon funding for FY 2020, calling for an increase from $16 million to $478 million for the U.S. Northern Command, which includes U.S. operations in Mexico, and an increase from $38 to $209 million for SOUTHCOM. On March 28th, former Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen announced the signing of a “historic agreement” with the security minister of El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala in order to “stem irregular migration at the source,” which critics fear will oblige Central American countries to cooperate with an anti-immigrant, border militarization agenda.
“The combination -- increasing the SOUTHCOM budget and making an intelligence operative Ambassador to El Salvador -- increases the likelihood of another major spike in violence in El Salvador, already one of the most violent countries on Earth. As with Mano Dura, Super Mano dura and other failed military policies, prioritizing military solutions and military operatives in El Salvador has proven and continues to be nothing less than catastrophic,” said author and independent journalist Roberto Lovato.
In El Salvador, human rights defenders have also expressed concern about Johnson’s nomination. “As someone who lived through one of the darkest periods of Salvadoran history, it is disappointing to see that we have not learned the lessons of the past. The issues we are facing as a country and as a region require a humanistic and intersectional approach to violence and poverty. We need human rights defenders, psychologists, doctors, and teachers, not military strategists.” said Mirna Perla, long time human rights defender and survivor of a 1975 massacre of students at the University of El Salvador by the members of the National Guard.
Similarly, Father Fredis Sandoval of the Monseñor Romero Human Rights Coalition (Concertación Monseñor Romero), an organization that has played an active role in demanding a judicial investigation of the assassination of now Saint Oscar Arnulfo Romero, expressed, “As a person and citizen of this country, in this sense, we deplore that the government of the United States might confirm a CIA liaison to be Ambassador of one of the largest Embassies in the region; with this nomination the message being sent is that human rights is not a priority for this administration. I hope that the nomination will be reverted and that another person will be considered, one who is ready to meet the challenges of human dignity, human rights, reconciliation, and the construction of peace with social justice, so precious to the people of the United States and of El Salvador.”
“We didn’t hear much from Johnson during his confirmation hearing to indicate that he would support the type of policies that the Salvadoran government has implemented to slowly but surely improve conditions in the country, like raising the minimum wage or supporting violence prevention and reintegration programs,” said Alexis Stoumbelis, Executive Director of the Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador (CISPES). “Coupled with the fact that incoming president Nayib Bukele has made it clear that he will give the U.S. Embassy a seat at the table, a Johnson confirmation could easily result in the further expansion of the very same policies of militarization that have already devastated the region.”
Johnson’s nomination will move on to full Senate vote where, if his hearing before the Foreign Relations Committee is any indication, he is likely to face little opposition.
Featured Article: UW Center for Human Rights, National Security Archive & HRDAG release secret Salvadoran military intelligence document: the “Yellow Book”
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Statement by the Mesoamerican Working Group on the Impact of U.S. Security Assistance on Human Rights in Mexico, Central America, and Colombia
Progressive Human Rights Lawyer Chosen as New Human Rights Ombudsman
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Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib - Social Boycott Of Banu Hashim
Because of their repeated failures, the Quraish became desperate. They felt that now the only way before them was to kill Muhammad (peace be on him . The Holy Prophet enjoyed the protection of his tribe Abu Hashim, and as long as such protection was there Muhammad (peace be on him) could not be killed according to the tribal code, for any such murder would have precipitated tribal warfare. The Quraish approached Abu Talib, the head of the Banu Hashim, to prevail upon Muhammad (peace be on him) to desist from his teachings. Abu Talib consulted the Holy Prophet whether he could accommodate the Quraish in any way. The Holy Prophet expressed his resolution in strong terms that he would not fail or falter in the performance of the mission that had been entrusted to him by God. Thereupon the Quraish asked Abu Talib to withdraw the protection of Banu Hashim from Muhammad (peace be on him). Abu Talib consulted the Holy Prophet again, and tried to prevail upon him to compromise with the Quraish in some way, which could avert the crisis. The Prophet told his uncle that he could withdraw his protection from him if he liked, but he could not compromise in any way in the matter of the mission entrusted to him by God. Abu Talib felt unhappy on the growing rift between the Muslims and the Quraish, but he assured him that he would not abandon him, whatever might come. Abu Talib accordingly told the Quraish that he could not withdraw his protection from Muhammad (peace be on him). Thereupon the Quraish decided to enforce social boycott against Banu Hashim. An agreement was drawn up which was signed by the representatives of all the sections of the Quraish except the Banu Hashim. The agreement provided that the Quraish would neither marry their daughters to the Banu Hashim, nor marry the daughters of Banu Hashim. It was also provided that they would neither sell anything to nor buy anything from the Banu Hashim. The document was hung on the Kaaba. The Holy Prophet and the Banu Hashim moved to a glen outside Makkah and there remained in a state of semi-captivity for a period of two to three years. Thereafter the social boycott was lifted, and the Banu Hashim returned to their homes in Makkah.
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définition - Wilderness hut
Wilderness hut
Moscow Villa in Victoria, Australia
A wilderness hut, backcountry hut, or backcountry shelter (Finnish: autiotupa) is a rent-free, simple shelter or hut for temporary, usually overnight accommodation, usually located in wilderness areas, national parks and along backpacking and hiking routes.
They are found in many parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, and northern Russia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States.
1 Backcountry huts by country
1.1 Finland
1.1.1 History
1.1.2 Customs
1.2 New Zealand
1.4 See also
1.6 External links
Backcountry huts by country
The Oahujoki wilderness hut in Lemmenjoki National Park, can accommodate seven people overnight.
The huts can be divided into official and unofficial, or maintained and unmaintained ones. Official wilderness huts are mostly maintained by Metsähallitus (Finnish for Administration of Forests), the Finnish state-owned forest management company. Most of the wilderness huts in Finland are situated in the northern and eastern parts of the country. Their size can vary greatly: the Lahtinen cottage in the Muotkatunturi Wilderness Area can barely hold two people, whereas the Luirojärvi cottage in the Urho Kekkonen National Park can hold as many as 16.
A wilderness hut need not be reserved beforehand, and they are open for everyone.
For centuries the vast wildernesses of Finland and its resources were divided amongst the Finnish agricultural societies (such as families, villages, parishes, and provinces) for the purpose of collecting resources. Areas owned in this way were called erämaa, literally "portion-land". People from agricultural societies made trips to their erämaas in summer, mainly to trap fur-bearing animals but also to hunt game, fish, and collect taxes from the local hunter-fisher population.
Huts were built in the wilderness for use as base camps for hunters and fishers from agricultural societies. Also non-agricultural Sami people built huts to help them manage reindeer. The earliest huts were meant only for the use of people from the society that owned them. People from other societies were not allowed to use the resources of other societies' erämaas.
Huts that were free for everyone were first seen in late 18th century Finland, when dwelling places were built along walking routes for passers-by. In the 19th century the authorities started building these huts. Later in the 20th century they started to be built for travellers.
A Finnish wilderness hut typically contains at least a dining table, a gas stove and a heating stove.
Lapin läänin autiotupatoimikunta (The wilderness hut commission of Lapland Province) wrote these "unwritten laws of the wilderness" in the mid-20th century:
Anyone who steals or deliberately destroys or damages other people's property behind an unlocked door not only commits a crime but also a shameful and cowardly act. So leave the contents of the cottage in good shape when you leave. This means that, should you return to the cottage, they will be in good condition. Huts can (and will) be locked if there's ill conduct.
When you enter the cottage, check that the fireplace is in safe and in good working order before you light a fire. If there is a problem and you cannot fix it, leave a message detailing the problem, so that the owner will know about it and can fix it.
Use the firewood reserves of the cottage sparingly unless you can immediately obtain new billets, as the next visitor may have an urgent need of dry wood. It is obvious that whittling kindling out of bunk boards, to say nothing of burning them, is an outrageous infringement of the laws of the wilderness.
Use the cottage's food and other emergency supplies only in a really urgent situation. Another passer-by may later perish without them.
Keep the cottage tidy, and the surroundings and the water supply clean. Leave the trees around the cottage in peace.
Upon leaving the cottage, clean it well and provide it with at least the same amount of firewood that you have burned. A good traveller leaves a plentiful supply of billets and, if the stocks are low, replenishes them.
If there is a guestbook in the cottage, leave your name, the date and words about your trip. Do not carve your initials in the walls of the cottage; this is an ugly habit that should be broken.
If you can, leave a box of matches, dry kindling, bread, salt, or other non-perishable food in the cottage, perhaps in a bag hanging from the ceiling, safe from mice.
Before you close the door make sure that the fire in the fireplace has completely died out and that there is no danger of it restarting.
The last person to arrive at the cottage has a greater right to use it than those already dwelling there. So, if the cottage cannot hold everyone, those who have stayed there the longest are obliged to make room for those just arriving and tired. The old Finnish saying must be remembered: Sopu sijaa antaa (Harmony gives room). Also, note the American saying: "First in, first out".
Lastly: never rely solely on the wilderness huts while hiking, on the popular routes they may be crowded. Always carry a tent or some cloth applicable to making a shelter.
See also: Tramping in New Zealand
New Zealand has a network of approximately 950 backcountry huts.[1] The huts are officially maintained by the Department of Conservation (DOC), although some of the huts have been adopted and maintained by local tramping (hiking) and hunting clubs by arrangement. There are also unofficial and privately owned huts in some places. They vary from small bivouac shelters made of wood to large modern huts that can sleep up to 40 people, with separate cooking areas, utilities and gas.
Some huts were initially commissioned or built by clubs along commonly walked routes, both for safety reasons as appropriate, and sometimes for convenience. The network of back-country huts in New Zealand was largely extended in the mid-20th-century, when many more were built to serve the deer cullers of the New Zealand Forest Service [2]. Most larger and more modern huts, like some found on the Great Walks, have been purpose designed and built to serve trampers (hikers). Many of New Zealand's back-country huts are remote and rarely visited, and it is common for recreational trampers to design trips with the idea of reaching and visiting specific huts. Some people actively keep count of which huts they've visited; a practice which is informally referred to as Hut Bagging.
Back-country huts in New Zealand were free to use until the early 1990s, when the New Zealand Department of Conservation began charging for their use. For most back-country huts, nightly hut tickets are purchased via an honesty system by people who use the huts, with an additional option of purchasing an Annual Hut Pass (similar to a season ticket) for people who use huts frequently. Huts on frequently used and heavily marketed tracks, such as the New Zealand Great Walks, usually operate on a booking system, and often have resident wardens checking the bookings of users who arrive to stay the night. [3]
Since the inception of hut fees in New Zealand, there has been controversy amongst some hut users. Many users belong to clubs which helped to build and maintain the huts before the government department was created, and consequently inherited them. It is common to find people who refuse to pay for the use of huts in protest, arguing that the government is trying to charge them to use facilities that they themselves are entirely responsible for providing. DOC argues that all hut fees are used for the continued maintenance of huts, and for building new huts as appropriate. It has at times made efforts to demonstrate this by specifically allocating money from hut fees towards budgets for these purposes.
The majority of the huts were built in an era of lower levels of government regulation and the long term use of the huts was not considered. As a result of the Cave Creek disaster in 1995 DOC tightened up on the standards for structures on public land. Some of the huts were upgraded to meet build regulations whilst others were removed or had certain facilities (such as beds) removed to cause them to fall into less strict building categories. In 2008, due to the recognition of the unique situation and the remote locations, the government relaxed the building standards for the huts. They now no longer are need to have emergency lighting, smoke alarms, wheelchair access, potable water supplies or artificial lighting.[4]
The Pocosin cabin along the Appalachian Trail in Shenandoah National Park.
In the United States, backcountry huts may be provided by the Forest Service, state or national parks such as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park [5]. Wilderness huts are frequently located along hiking routes.
The Tenth Mountain Huts is a system of 29 backcountry huts in the Colorado Rocky Mountains honoring the men of 10th Mountain Division of the U.S. Army, who trained during World War II at Camp Hale in central Colorado. They provide a unique opportunity for backcountry skiing, mountain biking, or hiking while staying in safe, comfortable shelter.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wilderness huts in Finland
Mountain hut - building located in the mountains intended to provide food and shelter to mountaineers and hikers
Bivouac shelter - a temporary shelter
Bothy - simple shelter
Lean-to – a temporary, small, open building intended for shelter during hiking or fishing trips in the wilderness
Log cabin - small house built from logs
Part of this article is based on a translation of an article in the Finnish Wikipedia.
Laaksonen, Jouni. "Autiotuvat on-line" (in Finnish). http://koti.kainuu.com/joula/at/. Retrieved 2006-06-05.
^ Department of Conservation backcountry hut information
^ Te Totara Hut: Aniwaniwa's historic heritage
^ Backcountry hut information: Places to stay
^ "Building rule changes reduce red tape for huts". New Zealand Government. 2008-10-31. http://feeds.beehive.govt.nz/release/building+rule+changes+reduce+red+tape+huts. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
^ Great Smoky Mountains National Park - Backcountry Camping - Backpacking (U.S. National Park Service)
Outdoors.fi - information about huts in Finland
Backcountry Ski Huts in BC, Canada - listing and map of huts in the province
New Zealand Department of Conservation - information on huts
Using Backcountry Huts Properly - information on proper use of backcountry huts.
Remote Huts on the West Coast of the South Island - hut photos and route descriptions
huttrip.com - route descriptions and details on using huts
Tenth Mountain Huts - Main site for the Tenth Mountain Huts
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilderness_hut&oldid=496938781"
Finnish architecture
Tourist accommodations
Toutes les traductions de Wilderness hut
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Duncan Patterson Talks about ANTIFEAR, His Newest Collaboration with Darren White, and more.
Published on : November 3, 2020 November 3, 2020 by Nicolae Baldovin
ANTIFEAR is the new project of Darren White and Duncan Patterson, since curiosity killed us we had to ask about their project. With Duncan’s help, this interview came up.
“We were on an overnight train in Romania in 1994 and we discussed doing a project together, more punk and raw.”
Hello! How are things going in this period? Is it the most difficult period a band can go through? Have you ever had any similar situation in your career?
I’m doing ok. I had been on a long break before the whole coronavirus thing kicked off, so it hasn’t affected me so much. I had planned to record in April though and had to put that on hold. I’ve just been writing a lot and recording home demos. I now have about two albums worth of songs. So it’s been a very productive period for me.
Your career traces back to the early ’90s when you began your musical incursions as a member of Anathema. Can you recall your first ever musical experience?
I played in bands before Anathema and started playing music a long time before Anathema existed. My first ever musical experience, with an instrument, was playing the keyboard in a school nativity play when I was about nine years old.
How do you feel you have grown in the time since Anathema, Antimatter, or Íon, both personally and musically?
We are talking about more than half of my life here. It’s not so simple to sum it up in a few paragraphs. Barring the last five years, my musical journey has been documented. I’d have to write a book to explain the personal things though, which I will one day before I forget everything.
What are currently your main compositional- and production-challenges?
I don’t really see anything like that as a challenge as such. I just work on things until they sound or feel right to me. It’s a process that often takes time. Something things will happen fast. I wrote and arranged a song last week in less than an hour. Sounded terrible, as I just plugged the guitar straight in without tuning it, but I got the arrangement down before I forgot it. Other tracks can take years to finish, especially stuff that has been scrapped and revisited many years later. I’ve enjoyed working on the Antifear stuff. It’s the first time I have attempted to write guitar-based heavy music for about 25 years. I’m enjoying the process and I have encountered a style that comes naturally while not under any pressure at all.
Can you recall the moment when you and Darren White thought you could be in a group together again? Was it hard to think of the ‘Antifear’ name that you both agree on?
We were on an overnight train in Romania in 1994 and we discussed doing a project together, more punk and raw. Something Hellhammerish but with a more political theme. We have been in touch a lot more since the Resonance Tour and sometime this year decided to record a 7″ in the vein of that conversation we had back in 1994. I started writing and the music came quickly. I suddenly had 3 tracks worth of music. Then more ideas came and I had all these songs written in my head and using pen and paper to write down the chord structures etc. So I bought and borrowed some equipment so that I could record demos at home and send them to Darren. The whole idea has grown wings now and we are working on a full-length album. As for the name, it took us a while to come up with a name that stuck with both of us. But with the whole thing, we have agreed to do it without pressure, to work freely and let ideas come and go. Darren came up with the name Antifear and we agreed it was strong but continued to look for ideas. After a while, we decided to stick with it, and here we are.
“The ANTIFEAR stuff is more riff-based. Like gothic punk, influences from Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Discharge, Christian Death, Fugazi, The Cure.”
Generally, how do you both go about writing your music? Do you write together or separately?
I’ve been writing music at home and sending it to Darren. Then he will have a good listen and come back to me with his ideas about structure. It’s very healthy for me to have a second opinion from someone who isn’t interested in making the songs sound more commercial or accessible. That has been a problem for me in the past. I have worked with people who completely misunderstood what I was trying to do. So it was double the work, trying to drag an idea back into a creative space after someone had attempted to commercialize it. It’s as if they think I’m trying to write ‘hits’ but I’m doing it wrong. (laughs) But Darren is creative in his own right and has been a big help with the arrangements. He will handle the lyrics, or at least most of them. If anything comes to me naturally then I will try it and we will see if it works.
Are there any styles you’d like to experiment with within your future music?
If I’m experimenting then there’s not a name that I can put on it. I can speak about the music that I am working on now though. My new solo album has influences from church hymns, Scott Walker, Dead Can Dance, old Antimatter revisited. The Antifear stuff is more riff-based. Like gothic punk, influences from Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Discharge, Christian Death, Fugazi, The Cure.
Music has known a solid change once with the evolution and development of technology. How do you see this change given the fact that there where technology appears, the emotion may lose its course?
It depends on who is using it. I have a lot of electronic music which is full of emotion. It all depends on the creator or the producer (if he has a lot of control). And some people are good at mimicking emotions in music. You wouldn’t know unless you knew the people who were making it.
When you perform live, how do you want your audience to feel as they leave the show?
I hope that they feel how I feel when I have just enjoyed watching a band.
What is the most challenging thing about making music for you?
Getting it to the right people. Making music is a challenge when you are making it with people on a different wavelength to you. But, for me now, it’s a challenge to get it to the right ears.
What does it mean to play and live in the millennial generation of artists? What do you borrow from those who came before you, and what do you do to push the genre forward?
I’m not bound to any specific genre and I’m not part of any scene, so I don’t know really. I just do what I do and keep going. I don’t listen to much modern music at all. All of my influences are decades old.
It is remarkable, in a way, that we have arrived in the 21st century with the basic concept of music still intact. Do you have a vision of music, an idea of what music could be beyond its current form?
I have little interest in modern music. I’d love something to come along and blow me away, but it’s been a very long time since that happened. I don’t have any specific vision beyond what I am making myself. It’s nothing groundbreaking but I have my own style of writing, sense of melody, and dynamics. So I should after a quarter of a century. I still have things that I have yet to fulfill and I’m in a very creative mode right now. As for outside music, I’m waiting for someone to create something new for me to enjoy. I’ve missed that.
Follow DUNCAN PATTERSON on: Facebook | Instagram | Bandcamp
Follow ANTIFEAR on: Facebook
Nicolae Baldovin
Editor-in-Chief at CVLTARTES
Don’t take it personally.
Latest posts by Nicolae Baldovin (see all)
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Australia’s Dark-Metal Trio BURDEN MAN Share New Track ‘Desire For Silence’. - January 15, 2021
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==Atheist Views on...== ===...[[Religion]]=== Every human being, cat and extra-terrestrial is born an atheist. That is because an atheist is literally a person who does not believe in a god or gods. Every religious person will say otherwise of course; they will say that an atheist is somebody who actively believes that he doesn’t believe, and they define a lack of religion as religion in its own right. If you’re confused don’t worry; the people who think like this are clearly quite confused too. Here is a typical rant from an angry religous person who clearly hates atheists ( spelling errors <s>added</s> left in ): Religious people clearly think a lot about non-religious people. The reverse is not true. Most non-religious people are too busy living their lives to be worried about something they don’t believe in. ( Fairies, unicorns, Zeus, Thor, Hercules, Tony Blair, etc ). They simply develop page after page of online content, write books like, well, all the books they write and actively protest the new version of the Pledge of Allegiance ( since the original version didn't contain the word "God", just like the original Dollar bill didn't say anything about trusting God ), and so on and so forth. Sometimes they commit acts of terrorism like blowing up toy busses to show people they're right. ===...Afterlife=== The Atheist believes that the all-powerful ''Athe'' did indeed create the realms of [[Heaven]] and [[Hell]], but did such a good job that to sully them with the presence of human souls would be an affront to their beauty. As such, when one dies, the Atheists believe that your soul is weighed and measured by one's actions in life, and is sent to Las Vegas or South Bend depending on how much of a [[dick]] one has been. ===...Abortion=== Atheists believe that the spirit of Athe flows only through their nervous systems. For this reason they say that two week old undeveloped human embryos haven’t yet been blessed by Athe. If a woman has been raped or will die as a result of the birth of a child Atheists believe that it is the will of Athe that the woman must die and so she not be allowed to have an abortion. They only believe abortions are appropriate for people who can’t be bothered buying condoms. Atheists know that anyone who hasn’t used contraception must be a Christian and they allow the person to have an abortion as revenge, hence pissing off the Christians in two ways at once. ===...Dan Brown=== Atheism is painted in a very crude and unpleasant way in the author Dan Brown's novels, in particular the portrayal of the Illuminati, a militant atheist organisation which attempts to destroy the [[Vatican]] with a plot device. Some of the better known celebrity Illuminati members have spoken out against this portrayal of their society as closed and secretive, stating: ''"the Illuminati have always been an open and inclusive society dedicated to the destruction of organised religion around the world ( fair enough, we're not doing a very good job Allah Ackbar! )—visit our website for information on how to join!"'' ===...Creation=== Thinking Athe would never bother to get her hands dirty by creating the world, most Atheists think it more rational to believe the universe emerged out of nothingness by itself, as opposed to the religious view that the supernatural deity emerged out of nothingness by itself. Atheists are lazy and the improbability of an infinitely complex supernatural deity magically popping up out of nowhere gives them too much to think about; it raises too many questions. Questions like: How can something complex enough to create the vast and unending expanse of the universe come straight out of nothingness? If we have established that a supernatural deity capable of creating the universe can pop out of nowhere is it so unreasonable to accept that the universe itself popped out of nowhere and cut out the middle man ( or middle woman in this case )? How the hell can you “make” life? Don’t animals start as single cells and then develop as embryos? How the hell can you “make” a full grown human ( and every other plant and animal ) in their fully grown form simply by blowing into mud? Atheists don’t like to answer too many questions, so it’s just easier to assume that Athe herself did not create the universe. In regards to evolution, Atheists believe that humans did not evolve directly from chimps. Humans and chimps merely had a common ancestor, [[Homer Simpson]]. Since Atheists are lazy when it comes to answering complicated questions they don’t go for answers like “every single animal in the world was created in exactly the form they are in today and they have not changed since that day, nor ever will they”. Just as with the sudden appearance of the supernatural deity, the sudden appearance of life in all its complexity without themselves even growing from embryos as they do today is too much for the small imagination of an atheist. The other problem with this assertion is that life does appear to be changing all the time. So what atheists say, to save time, is that a self-replicating molecule similar to DNA appeared around [[Number|3.5 billion]] years ago and since then that molecule has been doing its best to keep itself safe inside bacteria, plants and animals. These molecules were probably built by Darwin and then sent back in time with the help of his patented "Evolvinator". Once atheists have said that they can go back to watching [[TV]] and tell the religious people who keep asking them these questions to stop asking them questions about things they don’t care about. ===...Homosexuals=== All atheists are hetrophobic ( they hate straight people ). According to the atheist Bible: :''If a man also lieth with womankind, as he lieth with a man, both of them hath committeth an abomination: they shalt surely be put to death; their blood shalt be uponst them.'' This means that all atheists would like to kill all straight people. They even have websites dedicated to it. The website claims to "show why Athe wrote Leviticus 20:13". At the present time, <s>Catholic</s> Atheist adoption agencies in the UK are blackmailing UK ministers to not introduce new legislation which will give equal rights to <s>gay</s> straight people. They are threatening to close down if the legislation comes to pass. <s>Catholic</s> Atheist organizations have a habit of being <s>homophobic</s> hetrophobic and of bullying and blackmailing politicians. A <s>Catholic</s> Atheist minister for the Forced Labour Party is upset because she “doesn’t want to have to decide between her <s>faith</s> lack of faith and her ambition” (I think we all know which one she’ll chose when her next paycheck arrives!). This same minister’s <s>faith</s> lack of faith didn’t stop her for voting in favour of building more casinos in the UK, or supporting the Very Reverent St. Tony Blair the Great in every scandal he’s been involved in during his [[Time|last ten years]] in power.
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Title onlyIntro onlyTitle and introContentKeywords
Give British Breeds a Dog's Chance of Survival
Link to Original News Article : http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article673919.ece By Valerie Elliott, Countryside Editor A CAMPAIGN to save many British dog breeds from the threat of extinction is being conducted by leading breeders and experts. Without urgent action dogs such as the Skye terrier, immortalised in the story of...
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Kennel Club Calls for Feedback on Vulnerable Native Breeds
201.05 February 2006 The Kennel Club has requested feedback from breed clubs with regard to its Native Vulnerable Breeds initiative. The Kennel Club’s Native Vulnerable Breeds Group and the British and Irish Dog Breeds Preservation Trust have collaborated over the last year to address the question of native breed vulnerability, using the...
Vulnerable Breeds Forum, January 2006
The Vulnerable to Viable Dandie Forum took place on Sunday 29th January 2006 at Baginton Village Hall. It was a very well attended event with plenty of interest from both within and outside the Dandie world. It was a very special day and one that I won't forget in a hurry. Thanks must go to Peter Eva - our Chairman for the day, Julian Barney...
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Vulnerable Breeds Project - KC Press Release
177.03 (Dated 17/11/03) In June of this year the Kennel Club announced that research would be undertaken to identify and confirm those breeds of dog which are basically of British or Irish origin and may be considered to be vulnerable i.e. those whose numbers are declining and whose status within the world of dogs has diminished over a number of...
Back in 2002, Mrs Ann Harpwood (Finloren) wrote an article for the DDTC Magazine discussing the lack of puppies in the Breed and suggesting some ideas for a Breed Recovery Program. I've reproduced it here in full to in order to provide input into the current debate about Vulnerable Native Breeds.......
Vulnerable Native Breeds Launch - Crufts 2005
On the 10th - 13th March 2005 the Kennel Club will be staging the "Greatest Dog Show in the World" - Crufts, at the NEC Birmingham. At the Birmingham Press Launch of Crufts at the NEC at 10.30am on Tuesday 8 March 2005, the Kennel Club will be featuring vulnerable breeds, which in turn will be promoting themselves, proving what a joy they are...
The Dandie has been struggling to maintain its puppy registrations and is now classified by the Kennel Club as a Vulnerable Native Breed. Paul Keevil takes a closer look at the figures and advises that the situation has reached crisis point. The final issue of The Kennel Club's Breed Record Supplement for 2004 arrived recently covering the...
Despite the best efforts of the Kennel Club, Individual Breed Clubs and the British and Irish Breeds Preservation Trust, it seems that the message is being preached only to the converted. With more and more people choosing exotic dogs over home-grown varieties, our native companions are facing extinction.Justine Hankins reports
Vulnerable British Breeds- Original KC Press Release
VULNERABLE BRITISH BREEDS 087.03 (Dated 25/6/03) The Kennel Club's prime responsibility is to promote in every way the general improvement of dogs. It is also particularly concerned, of course, to protect those breeds of dog which are of British origin and are considered to be vulnerable i.e. those whose numbers are declining and whose status...
Vulnerable Native Breeds Parade - the Video
On 9th March 2008, in the main arena at Crufts, the British and Irish Dog Breeds Preservation Trust held a parade of Vulnerable Native Breeds. The event showed the twenty most threatened breeds, with their handlers dressed as characters associated with the breed. Unfortunately, the parade coincided with the judging of the Dandies, so very few of...
Vulnerable Breeds Parade at Crufts 2008
Paul Keevil organised a Vulnerable Breeds Parade at Crufts last year. It was held in the main arena, and shown on the big screens, but never televised. However, BBC events kindly recorded it for us, so I have uploaded it all onto YouTube. It is uploaded in sections - one section for each breed, so I have made up a playlist which (hopefully)...
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Japan, South Korea Warn Against North Korea Missile Launch
2016年02月05日 News Articles, World, 未分類.
grave /ˈgreɪv/ (adj.)
very serious; requiring or causing serious thought or concern
provocative /prəˈvɑːkətɪv/ (adj.)
causing discussion, thought, argument, etc
cascade /kæˈskeɪd/ (n.)
a large number of things that happen quickly in a series
effect /ɪˈfɛkt/ (n.)
a change that results when something is done or happens; an event, condition or state of affairs that is produced by a cause
defect /ɪnˈtajɚ/ (n.)
to leave a country, political party, organization, etc., and go to a different one that is a competitor or an enemy
(click right and save)
(1) Japan and South Korea joined the United States Wednesday in urging North Korea to cancel plans to send a long-range rocket into space.
(2) Japan and South Korea say the launch would violate United Nations resolutions. Those measures bar North Korea from developing nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. Such a missile can travel over a great distance, fall to the ground and then explode.
(3) North Korea told UN agencies on Tuesday that it planned to launch what it called an “Earth observation satellite” between February 8th and the 25th.
(4) The Japan Times newspaper reported that the launch may take place around February 16th. That is the birth anniversary of former North Korean leader Kim Jong Il. He was the father of current leader Kim Jong Un.
(5) North Korea says it has a right to launch rockets as part of its space program. But Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and other American allies have criticized the program. They say it is a way for North Korea to avoid UN restrictions on weapons development.
(6) Abe called the North’s missile tests “an obvious violation of Security Council decisions.” He told Japanese lawmakers that the launch would be “a grave, provocative act against the security of our country.”
(7) On Wednesday, Japan’s Defense Ministry ordered its ballistic-missile defense units to be ready to shoot down any North Korean rocket that threatened the country. The Japan Times reported that observers expect the missile to fly over two small Japanese islands.
(8) Experts say it is not likely that American or South Korean forces would attack the missile before it is launched.
(9) Daniel Pinkston teaches international relations at Troy University in Seoul. He says no country is considering using “force to destroy the missile on the ground before the launch, or something like that, because the cascading effects and the consequences of that would be costly for everyone.”
(10) South Korea warned the North not to launch another missile.
(11) Cho Tae-yong is a security official in the office of the South Korean president.
(12) He said, “We strongly warn that the North will pay a severe price if it goes ahead with the long-range missile launch plan, which is a grave threat to peace not only in the Korean peninsula but also this region and around the world.”
(13) On Wednesday, China said it was concerned about reports that North Korea was planning a missile launch this month. A Chinese foreign ministry official said China has called on the North to exercise restraint.
(14) The United States and its allies have been pressuring China to support strong U.N. sanctions against North Korea for its nuclear test last month. Experts say China must pressure the North to stop its nuclear tests. They say the North does not change its behavior because of criticism or pressure from other countries.
(15) North Korea last launched a long-range rocket in December 2012. It then soon tested its nuclear weapons for a third time. It tested its nuclear weapons for a fourth time early last month.
(16) The United States and China agree that the UN should approve a strong resolution against North Korea. But they do not agree on how the North should be punished. They also remain divided over the level of severity the punitive measures should take.
(17) The U.S. is considering sanctions against the North. These measures would target companies and banks that operate in North Korea. Many of them are based in China. If these sanctions are put in place, they would likely increase tensions between the United States and China.
(12) China protects North Korea and is the North’s top trading partner. It agrees that the North Korean leadership should be punished. But it also wants any sanctions to lead to a restarting of international negotiations.
(18) In early 2009, North Korea left negotiations with the U.S., South Korea, Japan, China and Russia. Those talks were aimed at ending the North’s nuclear weapons program in exchange for economic aid and security guarantees.
(19) China’s top nuclear diplomat arrived in the North Korean capital Pyongyang on Tuesday to talk about restarting the talks.
(20) Ahn Chan-il lived in North Korea until he defected. He is now an expert on the North at the World Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He said there is little the U.S., Japan and South Korea can do “other than releasing statements” criticizing the North for its plan to launch a missile this month.
(21) Experts believe the planned rocket launch is part of North Korea’s program to develop nuclear missiles. They believe the North has more than 1,000 missiles that can reach targets in South Korea and Japan, and enough plutonium to make eight to 12 nuclear bombs.
(22) Last year, American military officials said they believe North Korea can make a nuclear weapon small enough to be placed on a long-range missile. North Korea has not yet shown that it can do so, however.
What is your opinion about this issue?
What could happen if North Korea will pursue to launch the missile?
What do you think about North Korea?
Tags: International, Japan, social issues, Technology
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North Carolina State Faces Off Against Arizona State In 84th Hyundai
12/05/2009 · Consumers love to do business with someone that can admit mistakes and state how they made improvements. Corporate Advocacy Business Remediation and Customer Satisfaction Program. A program that benefits the consumer, assures them of complete satisfaction and confidence when doing business with a member business. Get Started. Report: #451106 . Complaint Review: Keffer Hyundai.
Bitcoin Account Login Bitcoin wallet startups have seen a sudden uptick in activity. In short, more people want to hold their own bitcoin than ever. When it comes to buying and selling cryptocurrencies, it is the Wild West out there. This is Money guides you through wallets. Nc State Accepts Bid To Play Central Florida During times of
Football History vs University of North Carolina from Oct 5, 2002 – Oct 18, 2003. Last Matchup. Oct. 18,2003. 33. Arizona State University. at. University of North.
3 Dec 2017.
EL PASO, Texas – The Sun Bowl Association and Hyundai of El Paso have announced that No. 24 North Carolina State University will take on.
07/08/2018 · The right side of NC.State’s starting offensive line from the 2017 season is in training camp with the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Jags took right tackle Will Richardson in the fourth round of the.
15/04/2020 · At local checkpoints for people entering the Florida Keys and North Carolina’s Outer Banks, police ask motorists for ID. Only those with a local address or proof of residency, such as a special
02/11/2016 · Still, stealing the red state would all but deny Trump a path to an electoral college victory. Arizona “Arizona ain’t an indulgence,” campaign spokesman Brian Fallon said on Twitter last.
Nc State Accepts Bid To Play Central Florida During times of war and strife, national leaders often aim to unite a broken country and, in the process, broaden their. The Paycheck Protection Program’s first round was like "cramming a football through a garden hose." But a few factors. Athena Bitcoin 5 Oct 2018. Athena Bitcoin already operates twelve ATMs in other South American
Dylann Storm Roof (born April 3, 1994) is an American white supremacist and mass murderer convicted for perpetrating the Charleston church shooting on June 17, 2015 in the U.S. state of South Carolina. During a Bible study at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Roof killed nine people, all African Americans, including senior pastor and state.
Arizona State improves to 8-5 after a 20-14 win over Florida State in one of the nation's oldest bowl games at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas.
Florida State faced off Arizona State in the Tony The Tiger Sun Bowl on Tuesday, Dec.
Arizona State took on North Carolina State in the 2017 Sun Bowl.
Arizona State has two Q3 road wins. – On NC State's team sheet created by the NCAA, the Pack's NET ranking of 54 is its lowest ranking. Sagarin.
Bitcoin Contract Address Ethereum (CURRENCY:ETH) traded down 1.3% against the dollar during the 24-hour period ending at 10:00 AM Eastern on April. Nc State Accepts Bid To Play Central Florida During times of war and strife, national leaders often aim to unite a broken country and, in the process, broaden their. The Paycheck Protection Program’s first round was
North Carolina State and Arizona State arrived on Christmas Day to.
later became a college game with a face-off between New Mexico State.
The games start to get better, as bigger programs face off against each other, and one of the first games that will take place on Saturday, is the Hyundai Sun Bowl.
Bitcoin Account Login
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It’s The Climb: Injured Students Navigating Campus
By Sophie Cohen and Sammi Handler on November 30, 2016
Graphic by Kitty Luo and Alena Rubin
Garnett March ’19 slowly places one crutch after the other as he ascends up the 36 stairs to his Spanish class in Seaver Center, the one area he cannot access via electric scooter. In a few days, though, he will be off his crutches for the first time while at the Upper School.
After March chipped a bone in his knee, he could not exert pressure on it for three months, and worried about how he would navigate the stairs of the upper school campus. Even after learning his route from class to class with Assistant to the Head of Upper School Michelle Bracken, he sought to find a more handicap-accessible way. He thought that a scooter would do the job, as he recalled that his friend Kylie Wallace ’19 had used one at the Middle School.
“Before sophomore orientation, I came here, and I met Ms. Bracken and she took me around my schedule, and showed me how to get around on my crutches,” March said. “I found out it was just too difficult to do that solely on my crutches, so I think that was what made me get the scooter.”
When students have injuries that leave them temporarily handicapped, they struggle to find ways to handle the campuses’ staircases and hills. March, Wallace and Kerry Neil ’19 share a few scooters to ride from the parking lot to the Seaver Center and the quad, but still stumble as they balance heavy backpacks on their shoulders and walk with crutches. But, making the school more handicap accessible may be impossible, administrators said.
“It would be a monumental task to create ramps where stairs are right now,” President Rick Commons said. “One has to use the driveway, and that, I’m sure, is difficult for someone on crutches.
Upper School Dean Sharon Cuseo said the deans make sure to introduce injured students to the elevator in the library and the one in Chalmers Hall, which only goes to the first and second floors of the building. However, deans are sometimes forced to change a student’s schedule to avoid a class on the third floor of Seaver since it “isn’t really accessible,” she said.
“It is a common topic of discussion to make the school more accessible,” Cuseo said. “We are in a situation where we hopefully will be making changes to the buildings in the future that obviously will change everything, but we are dealing with some very old architecture and we are obviously up to code, but I do think that would be a huge priority in the future.”
Private schools are subject to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, a civil rights act that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including schools.
However, Professor of Law Laurie Levenson (Solly Mirell ’06, Havi Mirell ’08, Dani Mirell’17) said that the school is probably allowed an exception for buildings and walkways built before the act was passed in 1990.
Students who have had to use crutches at the Upper School said it would be beneficial for many students to make some adjustments to the campus.
“I was definitely not the only one who was on crutches,” said Gillian Gurney ’17, who tore her ACL and partially tore her meniscus during her sophomore year.
“I came back from winter break and there were seven kids who also had the same surgery that I did. Plus, I had friends who’ve been in wheelchairs who can’t even [climb] stairs at all. So I think it’s very important that there’s time devoted to helping kids because there’s a significant portion of kids who will be on crutches at one point during their Harvard-Westlake career.”
To get to her art class from her English class in Rugby Hall, Neil has to use her crutches to get to the elevator in the science building, and then scooter across the back road to Feldman Horn.
March said using his crutches takes a lot more time than the scooter, yet he does not have an alternative way to get to his Spanish class, causing him to be late.
March, Wallace, Neil and Gurney said that teachers have been lenient and understanding, allowing them to arrive a few minutes late without any penalty.
“I emailed all my teachers during winter break saying that I would be late,” Gurney said. “They were very understanding, it’s just that I felt pressure that I needed to get there even though they were very understanding.”
Students said they would like for the school to better accommodate handicapped students, an idea the Commons agrees with.
“If there are good suggestions that people have, I’d be open to them,” Commons said. “We need to do everything we can to make it easier for people who are disabled temporarily or permanently.”
ableism, crutches, sammi handler, Sophie Cohen
The men and women in black
The lights in Rugby theater dimmed, and the applauding crowd quieted in anticipation. "Turn the house off, please," Savannah Weinstock...
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Irish Green Marble
Precious Stone of the Emerald Isle
There are only about 5 million people in the whole of Ireland – 3.5 million in the Republic and the rest in the North – which is why Kevin Joyce was looking beyond the home market when he decided to start working the family quarry in the famous marble – producing area on the west coast of Ireland, Connemara.
The beautiful green of Connemara marble has a distinguished international history. It is the stone in great monolithic columns at the entrance to the University Club in New York, USA, in Laplaya Palace, where President Reagan entertained the Pope, and in Leinster house, Dublin, where the Irish parliament sits. It can even be seen in the Vatican, having been presented as a gift by Guglielmo Marconi, who set up the first radio link with America in 1901 from Connemara.
In the UK the marble has been used in cathedrals, including the Irish Chapel of Westminster Cathedral, in the chapel of St.John’s College, Cambridge, and the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. There is also a fine example of a huge sculptured bowl on the way to the geological collection at the Natural History Museum in London.
Traditionally, Connemara marble was produced from the quarries of Streamstown, Ballynahinch and Lissoughter. Now dimensional slab and tile are available as a result of Kevin Joyce adding some new machinery to his Ballynahinch quarry located near the tile plant at Recess.
His intention is to market the marble as a range – or, in the parlance of fashion world preferred by Joyce, ‘collection’ – under the brand of Connemarble.
The reason there will be a collection is to make the most of the different shades of green that can be produced from the blocks – there are eight altogether with names like Variegated Olive, Moss, Light and Dark Lichen. And top of the range will be a marble sparkling with iron pyrite (fool’s gold) which occurs naturally in parts of the quarry.
Blocks of marble of up to 40 tonnes are being wire-sawn from the quarry.
When they have been cut down to more manageable sizes they either go to Connemarble’s own tile line in the factory at Recess or are shipped out to Italy to be sawn into slab, Connemarble believing that, for the moment at least, the Italians can saw the slab more economically than it can be done in Ireland.
The level of investment in the operation so far has been considerable. In the quarry, a Dazzini wire saw has been bought to cut out the blocks and a 40 tonne O&K excavator installed to handle them.
In the factory, a primary saw has been substantially modified with the addition of a new motor and completely new software. Ireland, they say is second only to the USA in the production of computer software, so there was plenty of expertise to buy in to modify the operation of their saw. A tile line with a Cemar polisher and a Breton beveller has also been installed.
The buying in of expertise is something Kevin Joyce has not shied away from. He has recruited Kevin Kidney, whose background is not in stone but in managing the successful development of new companies and the turnaround of sluggish performers. And in the quarry, in charge of the extraction of the stone is Charlie Bourke, the Lord Naas, son of Lord Mayo and a direct descendant of Grainne Uialle, a chieftan in the area in the time of Queen Elizabeth I and an adversary of the Queen’s.
In the context of the quarry, Bourke has spent most of his life working with stone and was instrumental in the development of thin stone panels, created by facing an aluminium honeycomb with a veneer of stone as thin as 5mm.
He took the technology to America, where the panels are still produced for distribution worldwide. They are used where weight is more important than price – such as in lifts, in boats and even in aeroplanes – because they do carry a price premium.
It was a product Kevin Joyce describes as “too soon for its time”, but it is no coincidence that Connemarble are selling lightweight panels with 7mm Connemarble veneers. Nor that they are working on the development of 7mm floor tiles, resin impregnated and glass fibre backed to give them the strength of a tile 20mm thick. Because of the extra square metres produced from a block, Joyce believes such tiles could sell for 10% less than 20mm tiles.
The tile line at Recess is currently producing about 100m2 of 12mm tiles a week, although Connemarble intend to reduce the thickness to a more standard 10mm shortly. A smaller amount of slab is being produced at the moment, but they expect slab to be the bigger part of their sales in due course. Kevin Joyce says Charlie Bourke has consistently failed to reach targets he was set for the amount of stone to be removed from the quarry. But Joyce is delighted about that. What Bourke has managed to do is produce twice as much workable block with half the amount of waste that had been forecast. That, in turn, has produced savings on wire saws.
In whatever size or shape the marble is available, Kevin Joyce believes the key to success is marketing. And he has strong opinions about that – he once rejected a shop design he had paid for from Terence Conran because he felt it was wrong for the product and the place.
He believes strongly in the branding of a product, which is why he is selling his marble as Irish Connemable rather than a generic Connemara marble. And he is making a lot of the fact that the stone does come from Ireland, especially with it being green and from the Emerald Isle. The point of emphasising its Irishness is that one of Ireland’s biggest exports over the years has been its people and their subsequent offspring. “There are 43 million people in the USA who call themselves Irish”, Joyce points out, adding that there are also a good many in the UK.
The Americans, particularly, like demonstrating their origins, but there are few quality products that are identifiably Irish with which they are able to do so. Connemarble gives them one. But it is a bright, lively product which, as a whole floor, could be considered a little overwhelming. However, used as a highlight with a more neutral field of light cream or pink, it creates an unusual floor without an exorbitantly high cost. This is how it is presented in Connemarbles newly opened showroom.
- Eric Bignell
This entry was posted in News, Press on August 15, 2014 by admin.
← Atlanta Showhouse Connemara’s Hidden Treasure (Hibernia Magazine) →
Connemara’s Hidden Treasure (Hibernia Magazine)
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Art of Stone
Irish Green Marble, Recess, Co Galway, Ireland. - Tel +353 (0)95-34734 - Email: info@irishgreenmarble.com
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call from law enforcement federal reserve system
On October 27, 2020, the U.S. Department of the Treasuryâs Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve, together with FinCEN, âthe Agenciesâ) published a joint notice of proposed rulemaking to amend the Recordkeeping Rule 1 and Travel Rule 2 regulations under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). Overview. Some agencies may require that you previously worked full time, while others may hire you as a reservist straight out of the academy. June 10, 2019 § 248(q). What does FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE imply? Whether you're just starting in your career and are looking for a way to gain contacts and experience or you're just looking for an opportunity to serve on a part-time basis, becoming a reserve or auxiliary police officer may be the perfect opportunity for you. Must maintain a current Drivers License from state of residency. Federal Reserve officers have the same authority as any other federal law enforcement officer while on duty, regardless of their geographic location. They may be tasked with taking calls for service or patrol and are often expected to perform all of the same duties of full-time officers. The U.S. Federal Reserve Police is the regulation enforcement arm of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. All sworn officers have received nationally accredited training as prescribed by the Federal Reserveâs Board of Governors and the United States Department of Justice. ... All personal income taxes collected by the IRS are required by law to be deposited in the nearest Federal Reserve Bank, under Sec. The Federal Reserve There are 5 Special Response Teams (SRT) based mostly in San Francisco, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Richmond, in addition to New York City, that are designed to reply nationwide. Tags dictionary english dictionary english vocabulary federal res... how to pronounce words online dictionary online vocabulary truth about the federal reserve vocabulary what do words mean. Working as an auxiliary officer usually requires a modified law enforcement training curriculum that incorporates full training in firearms, first aid, defensive tactics, and vehicle operations, as well as abbreviated training in other areas determined to be essential to their duties. Duties: Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officers with The United States Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Unit serves as the law enforcement arm of the Federal Reserve System. Some departments pay their reserve officers on a part-time basis. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, to authorize personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect and safeguard the premises, grounds, property, personnel, including members of the Board, of the Board, or any Federal reserve bank, and operations conducted by or on behalf of the Board or a reserve bank. Federal Reserve Officers are approved to conduct investigations involving Federal Reserve laws solely, however help with native, state and federal investigations into legal issues that have an effect on the Federal Reserve. Following the passage of up to date laws by Congress after the occasions of September 11, 2001, which designated Federal Law Enforcement Authority to system officers, authority now extends to wherever a Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officer is performing official duties, whether or not in uniform, plainclothes, or in a specialised unit. The main obligation of uniformed division officers is to offer basic regulation enforcement and drive safety providers to Federal Reserve amenities, whether or not owned or leased. The U.S. Federal Reserve Police is the law enforcement arm of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. This separate authority permits for the enforcement of state and/or metropolis legal guidelines, along with the Federal Code. Training and Work Environments for Reserve Officers, Training and Work Environments for Auxiliary Officers, Benefits of Reserve and Auxiliary Police Programs, Great Criminal Justice Careers that Don't Require a Degree, A List of the Best Entry-Level Jobs in the Criminal Justice System, The History of Modern Policing and How It Has Evolved, Coast Guard Careers and Law Enforcement on the High Seas, Tips on How to Choose the Right Law Enforcement Career, Start a Career as a FBI Police Officer: Requirements, Salary, and more. Working as a reserve officer, even in a volunteer capacity, is a great way to land a full-time job in law enforcement. Some of the communications allege to be from actual employees of the Federal Reserve, including, in some cases, Chair Janet Yellen. Still, others begin their careers as reserve officers, in the hopes that they will be hired as full-time officers in the future. They may be allowed to perform some law enforcement tasks independently, such as assisting motorists and investigating crashes. All Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officers must pass a fitness-for-duty physical examination, psychological examination, background check, and drug screen. Source: Wikipedia.org article, tailored underneath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license. In fact, most of the money it now spends is obtained in that way. Federal Reserve System on Facebook Equal Employment The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas provides equal employment opportunity without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, genetic information, disability, military or veteran status, or any other characteristic protected under federal law. Section 364 of the Act, âUniform Protection Authority for Federal Reserve,â reads: âLaw enforcement officers designated or authorized by the Board or a reserve ⦠Federal Reserve Officers reply to police, hearth and medical incidents in and adjoining to their assigned amenities to guard life, render help or help different regulation enforcement. Globalization Institute. Auxiliary officers often differ from reserve officers in that they may not have full police power or authority. Many work full time in other professions and choose to perform reserve work simply because they enjoy it. What is FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE? To work as a reserve officer, generally, you must have attended a police academy and passed the accompanying state certification or POST exam. In Argentina the most important law enforcement organisation is the Policia Federal Argentina (with a jurisdiction and organization similar to the FBI in the USA) with jurisdiction in all Argentine territories. Auxiliary and reserve officer programs are made up of citizens who have received specialized training to assist full-time officers. Fortunately, you may not have to choose between careers. If you come across a video or receive a phone call or email telling you about a âsecretâ account at the Federal Reserve, please report it immediately to Fraud.org via our secure online complaint form. Reviews from Federal Reserve Bank of New York employees about working as a Law Enforcement Officer at Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We strive to be well-known for excellence and professionalism in fulfilling our mission. Why Being a Police Training Officer is Awesome. The Federal Reserve System Law Enforcement Training Manual requires that course instructors read and sign the Instructor Performance and Expectations Acknowledgement form prior to the delivery of any basic or in-service training to acknowledge that they understood their duties and responsibilities as an instructor. JOB JOB SUMMARYIn accordance with the community-based policing philosophy and under general supervision, perform a variety of duties in the enforcement of laws, the protection of persons and propertyâ¦After successfully completing the Police Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.) 125 Views. Please press one to hold the line. What does FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE mean? They either volunteer their time or are paid on a part-time basis. What does FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE mean? Instead, they most often operate under the supervision and in the presence of a full-time officer. Federal Reserve System Law Enforcement Officers derive their authority from Section 11(q) of the Federal Reserve Act, codified at 12 U.S.C. 1207. The Federal Reserve Board Police in Washington, D.C., is not a part of the identical entity as Federal Reserve System Law Enforcement Units situated within the 12 districts (masking all 50 states) all through the nation. LEU comprises sworn Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officers and support personnel. This time, I chose them | Opinion, Opinion | Judy Shelton is a bad fit for the Fed, Dow closes above 30,000 for first time in history on hopes of economic recovery under Biden. Federal Reserve Officers reply to police, hearth and medical incidents in and adjoining to their assigned amenities to guard life, render help or help different regulation enforcement. I found this on Wikipedia. Have you always wanted to work in law enforcement, but didn't think it was right for you? The Federal Reserve may take informal and formal enforcement actions against entities it supervises and individuals affiliated with such entities, for violations of laws, rules or regulations, unsafe or unsound practices, breaches of fiduciary duty, and violations of written commitments. Scam Communications Fraudsters are using letters, emails and/or telephone calls, or videos on social media to harm consumers. The Federal Reserve Board regularly monitors fraudulent solicitations and communications that purport to be made with the approval or involvement of the Federal Reserve or Federal Reserve officials. â¦Field Training Program, the Level 1 reserve officer may work alone and perform the same duties as full ⦠Additionally, Explosive Detector Dog groups, Active Shooter/Patrol Rapid Response groups and Hazardous Materials groups are assigned to a number of Federal Reserve districts all through the nation, typically touring to different areas on short-term assignments. For any number of reasons, working full time in law enforcement may not be practical for everyone. The OIGâs Office of Investigations conducts investigations, which are different from audits and evaluations.Our investigations are carried out under the authority of the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended, which established the OIG as an independent oversight entity to combat waste, fraud, and abuse relating to the programs and operations of the Board and the CFPB. § 248(q). Federal Reserve Police From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Federal Reserve Police is the law enforcement arm of the Federal Reserve System. Every Federal law enforcement job is classed in the federal government by a job classification series, such as 1811, 0083, etc. Reserve officers are, often, retired members of the police force who have full police standards, training, and powers. While the majority of federal law enforcement employees work for the departments of Justice and Homeland Security, there are dozens of other federal law enforcement agencies under the other executive departments, as well as under the legislative and judicial branches of the federal government.. Federal Reserve System Law Enforcement Officers derive their authority from Section 11(q) of the Federal Reserve Act, codified at 12 U.S.C. Deadline to apply: Tuesday October 15, 2019 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244 opens in new window opens in new window opens in new window Protective driving and off-site particular occasion safety of different Federal Reserve officers is repeatedly carried out all through the nation. I urge my colleagues to support this bill. 8 Law Enforcement Jobs That Are Hot Right Now, Get Answers to Questions About Criminal Justice and Criminology Jobs. This retired three-star falsely claims US soldiers died attacking a CIA facility in Germany tied to election fraud, Nurses at New York hospitals strike over coronavirus protections, contract negotiations, All About the Many Different Types of Retirement Plans, Social Media Demands a Second Stimulus Check as 2020 Winds Down, Powell says pace of economic improvement has moderated, How Native American Diets Shifted After European Colonization, The Schall Law Firm Announces the Filing of a Class Action Lawsuit Against Zosano Pharma Corporation and Encourages Investors with Losses in Excess of $100,000 to Contact the Firm, If a second stimulus payment happens, here’s who may not get any money, Usually, my pets choose me. FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE which means – FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE definition – FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE rationalization. Auxiliary officers work alongside full-time police officers, often riding with them to provide an extra pair of eyes and to enhance officer safety. on What is FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE? The Federal Reserve Board regularly monitors fraudulent solicitations and communications that purport to involve or be approved by Federal Reserve officials. We have found suspicious activity on your banking account due to with legal case being filed under your name and there is an arrest warrant being issued for this pain in order to talk to an officer from law enforcement federal reserve system. The Federal Reserve System has had a structure for physically securing and protecting its assets since its creation. Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officer Our law enforcement experts protect and safeguard Bank property, personnel, and assets through customer-focused protective services. Auxiliary officers are typically volunteer forces who receive modified police training. They are also called upon to help enhance security operations and traffic control at events such as football games and other major functions. Officers are licensed to hold quite a lot of weapons methods, together with semi-automatic pistols, assault rifles, submachine weapons, shotguns, less-lethal weapons, pepper spray, batons, tasers, and different commonplace police gear. Tim Roufa wrote about criminology careers for The Balance Careers and has over 14 years of experience in law enforcement. Incredibly, his colleagues did exactly that. What We Do. For these individuals, the reserve program can offer a great opportunity to gain contacts and to give employers a chance to see what they are all about. They work as reservists on the weekends to stay sharp and connected to the profession they loved. Prior to designation as Federal Law Enforcement Officers, system safety personnel operated as safety or particular cops of their respective states and have been usually regulated to exercising authority on Federal Reserve Property, with variances depending on particular district laws. For these individuals, the reserve program can offer a great opportunity to gain contacts and to give employers a chance to see what they are all about. Each district has a dignitary safety workforce, which give armed plainclothes safety to the 12 Federal Reserve Presidents. The fraudsters claim the victims are having computer issues and need to divulge certain personal information in order to receive computer assistance. Auxiliary and reserve police officer programs offer a great opportunity to get your feet wet in law enforcement without the need to quit your day job. The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas established the Globalization Institute in 2007 for the purpose of better understanding how the process of deepening economic integration between the countries of the world, or globalization, alters the environment in which U.S. monetary policy decisions are made. Working as either an auxiliary or reserve officer is a wonderful way to get your foot in the door and land a full-time law enforcement career further on down the road. Sorry to rain on peoples parades, however the only thing federal about the Reserve Officers is the name. The phone number these fraudsters are using is a spoofed Federal Reserve Bank of New York number, usually 212-720-6130. Learn about Federal Reserve Bank of New York culture, salaries, benefits, work-life balance, management, job security, and more. Or perhaps you weren't sure where to start or how to get your foot in the door. He was able to gain 319 co-sponsors for H.R. In addition to emails, these scams can come in the form of letters and phone calls seeking your personally identifiable information that is later used to commit fraud or theft. Each Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Office within the 12 regional districts are unbiased regulation enforcement models, although ruled loosely out of Washington, D.C. They are responsible for providing police protection for the Federal Reserve System, the Central Bank of the United States. Maybe you were worried about the shift work. All it has to do is create the required money through the Federal Reserve System by monetizing its own bonds. The Federal Reserve Board Police in Washington DC is not part of the same entity as Federal Reserve System Law Enforcement Units located in the 12 districts (covering all 50 states) throughout the nation. Officers additionally put on bulletproof vests and physique armor. Perhaps you didn't think you'd earn enough money. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System derives the authority to authorize "personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect and safeguard the premises, grounds, property, personnel, including ⦠Many law enforcement agencies offer part-time and volunteer opportunities to augment their forces, giving you an opportunity to serve in a way and at a time that works better for you. What does FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE mean? Still, there are many more people who are drawn to the profession than are able to work in it. Lieutenant / Supervisor- Law Enforcement Unit, Federal Reserve Bank Federal Law Enforcement Officer- Lieutenant at Federal Reserve System View profile View profile badges Starting Salary : $52,000 per year. Federal Reserve officers have the identical authority as another Federal Law Enforcement Officer whereas on obligation, no matter their geographic location. A great way to get your feet wet in law enforcement is to serve as an auxiliary or reserve officer. Some Federal Reserve districts make use of sworn officer Intelligence analysts whereas others make the most of non-sworn civilians. Many of the regulation enforcement districts have twin City or State Police authority along with their Federal authority. Goodbye. Prior to Federal Law Enforcement designation, there have been no plainclothes or specialised models within the system. Federal Reserve Police, have no such classifcation because they are not federal employees. What is FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE? Later that same day I got a robo-call from a different number saying it was the âLaw Enforcement Unit of the Federal Reserve System.â These calls ⦠Others retired from law enforcement or resigned to pursue other opportunities. Working as a reserve officer, even in a volunteer capacity, is a great way to land a full-time job in law enforcement. By opening all Fed operations to a GAO audit and calling for such an audit to be completed by the end of 2010, the Federal Reserve Transparency Act would achieve much-needed transparency of the Federal Reserve. Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officers operate as a law enforcement officer pursuant to the authority given the Board of Governors by Section 11 (q) of the Federal Reserve Act. For those who have always wanted to work in law enforcement but, for whatever reason, they were unable to make a full-time career out of it, these programs provide a way to fulfill an otherwise unrealized dream. Hello this call is from a law enforcement federal reserve system. Comments Off on What is FEDERAL RESERVE POLICE? Each Federal Reserve workplace operates a 24/7 emergency communications (command) middle. A federal government website managed and paid for by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Each Federal Reserve workplace operates a 24/7 emergency communications (command) middle.
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- Dances With Bears - http://johnhelmer.net -
IS THERE A WAR CRIME IN WHAT LORD HEH-HEH, TJIBBE JOUSTRA OF THE DUTCH SAFETY BOARD, IS BROADCASTING?
Posted By Editor On October 19, 2015 @ 3:53 am In MH17,US-Russia | No Comments
Tjibbe Joustra (lead image, right), chairman of the Dutch Safety Board, wants it to be very clear that Russia is criminally responsible for the destruction of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 on July 17, 2014; that a Russian-supplied ground-to-air missile, fired on Russian orders from territory under Russian control, exploded lethally to break up the MH17 aircraft in the air, killing everyone on board; and that Russian objections to these conclusions are no more than cover-up and dissimulation for the guilty.
Joustra also wants to make sure that no direct evidence for what he says can be tested, not in the report which his agency issued last week; nor in the three Dutch government organs which prepared and analysed the evidence of the victims’ bodies, the aircraft remains, and the missile parts on contract to the Dutch Safety Board (DSB) – the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research ( TNO), and the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). So Joustra began broadcasting his version of what he says happened before the release of the DSB report. He then continued in an anteroom of the Gilze-Rijen airbase, where the DSB report was presented to the press; in a Dutch television studio; and on the pages of the Dutch newspapers.
But when he and his spokesman were asked today for the evidence for what Joustra has been broadcasting, they insisted that if the evidence isn’t to be found in the DSB report, Joustra’s evidence cannot be released. So, if the evidence for Joustra’s claims cannot be found in the NLR, TMO and NFI reports either, what exactly is Joustra doing – is he telling the truth? Is he broadcasting propaganda? Is he lying? Is he covering up for a crime?
In the absence of the evidence required to substantiate what the DSB chairman is broadcasting, is the likelihood that Joustra is concealing who perpetrated the crime equal to the probability that he is telling the truth? And if there is such a chance that Joustra is concealing or covering up, is this evidence that Joustra may be committing a crime himself? In English law, that may be the crime of perverting the course of justice. In US law, it might be the crime of obstruction of justice. In German law, it might be the crime of Vortäuschung einer Straftat. By the standard of World War II, Joustra’s crime might be propagandizing for the losing side, that’s to say the enemy of the winning side.
When William Joyce (lead image, left, centre), an Anglo-American broadcaster on German radio during the war and known as Lord Haw-Haw, was prosecuted in London in 1945, he was convicted of treason and hanged. The treason indictment said he “did aid and assist the enemies of the King by broadcasting to the King’s subjects propaganda on behalf of the King’s enemies.” The legality of this indictment and the conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords.
By the customary civilized standard, Joustra must be considered innocent of any crime of broadcasting unless he’s proven guilty. And the proof of such a crime would require evidence admissible in court, acceptable to a judge or jury beyond reasonable doubt. Of course, such a standard of Joustra’s innocence will be the standard by which his public statements must also be judged. But if Joustra lacks the evidence for what he is claiming in his broadcasts then perhaps the evidence is also lacking for his innocence of crime.
Joustra, 64, has served most of his career as a Dutch government apparatchik, first at the Ministry of Agriculture; then at the agency for unemployment benefits; then coordinator of anti-terrorism operations; and since February 2011 at the DSB. Last Tuesday, after presenting the DSB report to the press, but not allowing questions, Joustra spoke [1] briefly to Dutch reporters. He told them what had not been reported in several hundred pages of the DSB’s report and appendixes – that he has pinpointed the launch area for the Buk missile, and that it “was controlled by separatists at the time. The area that we designate as launch location is located within this area.” “So they [separatists] are responsible?” the reporter asked. “We can’t answer this question. It’s not for the DSB to do this.” The reporter asked: “One plus one equals two, doesn’t it?” “Yes, that’s true,” Joustra said. “Sometimes another person needs to make this calculation.”
A little later Joustra gave an interview to the Dutch newspaper Volkskrant, which published [2] the text of his remarks on October 16. Joustra told the newspaper the evidence of the Buk missile was “irrefutable”. He was “certain”, he added, that the firing position was from what the newspaper described as “pro-Russian rebel held territory.” Joustra told the reporters to look closely at the DSB document for the evidence. “I thought it was clear.” He claimed his saying-so was “factual, not a slip”.
Joustra went further, dismissing criticism of the DSB’s evidence and conclusions. “Every time the Russians come up with different stories and different speakers,” Joustra told Volkskrant. “I’ve got the impression that they are trying to take the report back and it does not matter what argument.” Russia is trying to protect the guilty, he added. “How did that Buk battery get there – where did it come from exactly? Who ordered it to do so? I expect that it is possible to make that clear.” To Joustra it was already clear. Russia is protecting the guilty. “Several countries are not eager to deliver [suspected] people at all,” he told Volkskrant, which added that he meant Russia, and believed that Russian suspects have already been identified in the Dutch investigation.
Joustra said today through spokesman, Sara Vernooij, that he had been accurately quoted in Volkskrant. When he spoke of meetings with Russians, Vernooij says Joustra was referring to meetings held this year on February 17-20; May 6-7; and August 11-12. He refuses to identify the Russians by name “due to privacy reasons.”
For evidence of his “certainty” and for the “ irrefutability” of the evidence of missile and warhead, Joustra replied that he is relying on “appendix X the NLR report, appendix Y TNO report, appendix Z TNO report. Data that are not mentioned in the reports or appedicces [sic] will not be released.”
These reports, Joustra and Vernooij were then asked, “do not refer to direct evidence. They refer to computer simulations based on parameters of missile and warhead which originated from the Dutch Ministry of Defence; are classified; and are not disclosed in the TNO documents. The direct evidence available is that the missile model and the warhead type cannot be fired together. A computer simulation is not evidence that they were. Is there any other evidence on which Mr Joustra relies for his certainty and irrefutability?”
“I have nothing to add to the final report”, Joustra and Vernooij have replied.
For more details on what the DSB, the NLR and TMO reports call evidence, and the conclusions they draw, read this [3] and this [4]. For the DSB’s summary of the Russian evidence and Russian objections to what the Dutch call evidence, see Appendix V [5].
Additional physical evidence of Joustra’s claims about the missile and warhead are residues of the explosive from the warhead, and paint from the missile traces or parts which have been found, according to the DSB, in the aircraft wreckage and on the ground. The DSB says it relied for analysis of this evidence on the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). The NFI [6] is an agency of the Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security. It has publicly acknowledged participating in the MH17 case by analyzing DNA samples from victims during the identification phase of the examination of bodies in August of 2014. Here is the NFI’s release of August 28, 2014 [7].
Not since then has the NFI admitted to doing anything more on the MH17 case. But it did do chemical analysis of explosive residues and paint samples, NFI spokesman Suzan Demirhan said today. “That’s correct, we did.” Asked to say when the analysis was commenced, and when the NFI report was delivered to DSB, Demirhan said: “We are not allowed to discuss this. The Public Prosecutor [Service] ordered [the study]. I cannot confirm [the details]. We are not allowed to bring anything to the public. You have to ask your question to the Ministry of Justice and Security.”
According to the DSB [8] (page 35), analyses of explosive and paint residues “were performed by the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) at the request of the Public Prosecution Service and shared with the Dutch Safety Board”. The Ukrainian Government in Kiev had refused to cooperate in this part of the investigation, the DSB has also reported (same page). “The Dutch Safety Board attempted to obtain reference material of the suspected weapon in order to further substantiate the origin of the fragments. The objective was to establish that the chemical composition of the fragments was consistent with that of the suspected weapon. This was not achieved, so this verification could not take place.”
Jean Fransman, spokesman for the Justice Ministry, was asked to address these DSB disclosures about the source of the evidence in the NFI report, and say where, if not the Ukraine or Russia, the evidence came from. He replied he cannot answer. “This is all part of the independent investigation of the DSB. We as a ministry have no say or involvement in this investigation. The NFI has done its work for the DSB investigation and for them only.” When it was pointed out that the NFI claims it was up to Fransman to respond as the ministry had “coordinated” the evidence-gathering, analysis and reporting, Fransman insisted he can say nothing at all. “And thank you for your friendly and non-insinuating questions.”
Article printed from Dances With Bears: http://johnhelmer.net
URL to article: http://johnhelmer.net/is-there-a-war-crime-in-what-lord-heh-heh-tjibbe-joustra-of-the-dutch-safety-board-is-broadcasting/
[1] spoke: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgMVu_X8U28
[2] published: http://www.volkskrant.nl/rampvlucht-mh17-storystream/joustra-kritiek-moskou-op-mh17-rapport-is-uit-angst~a4164202/
[3] this: http://johnhelmer.net/?p=14322
[5] Appendix V: http://johnhelmer.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Appendix-v-consultation-part-a.pdf
[6] NFI: https://www.forensicinstitute.nl/about_nfi/
[7] August 28, 2014: https://www.forensicinstitute.nl/about_nfi/news/2014/current-situation-regarding-the-dna-analysis-mh17.aspx
[8] DSB: http://cdn.onderzoeksraad.nl/documents/report-mh17-abouttheinvestigation-en.pdf
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LifeInsuranceProstateCancer
Life Insurance for Men with a History of Prostate Cancer
Prostate & Life Insurance Info
7 Famous Men Who Have Had Prostate Cancer
Famous Men Who’ve Had Prostate Cancer
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Born in 1927, Moore began his acting career in the early 1950s, a career that didn’t take off until he was cast in the television series The Saint, which ran from 1962 – 1969. Moore then went on to play the role of charismatic British spy, Bond; James Bond, from 1973-1985.
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Born in 1939, Sir Ian McKellen has lead an illustrious acting career that spans nearly fifty-five years, and ranges from the stage to the silver screen.
Best known for his roles in X-Men and The Lord of the Rings trilogy, McKellen is also an LGBT activist and humanitarian. In 1991, he was knighted for his services to the performing arts, and has won a slew of awards including six Laurence Olivier Awards and an honorary Doctorate of Letters from Cambridge University.
In 2006, Sir Ian McKellen was diagnosed with prostate cancer. At the time his condition was revealed to the public, in 2012, he had been living with prostate cancer for six years, monitoring the disease through “active surveillance.”
The “Godfather of Soul” was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2004. He was successfully treated the same year.
A lively performer, Brown gained the public’s attention in the late 1950s as a member of the band The Flames, and rose to fame in the 1960s with the success of hits like “It’s A Man’s World” and “Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag.”
Born in 1933, Brown made a name for himself not only by pioneering the brand of music known as “funk” in the 1970s, but through his education advocacy and civil rights activism, as well as his tumultuous personal life.
Brown passed away on December 25, 2006, due to congestive heart failure at the age of 73.
Musician, composer, recording engineer, songwriter, record producer, and film director Frank Zappa began his career in the early 1960s composing the soundtracks for the films Run Home Slow and The World’s Greatest Sinner.
He didn’t gain notoriety, however, until the 1966 “Mothers of Invention” album Freak Out! was released.
In 1979, Zappa went solo, releasing two projects that reflected his array of musical tastes: a rock-oriented album (The Man From Utopia), and an album of his original classical composition performed by the London Symphony Orchestra.
Zappa was also politically active, speaking out and encouraging his fans to vote.
He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1990 a disease that, unfortunately, was detected too late to be considered operable. He passed away in 1993, but his influence remains widespread and is referenced in many works of art and science.
Now a cancer survivor, De Niro received his prostate cancer diagnosis in October of 2003 with prostate cancer. He underwent surgery in December of the same year, and is currently healthy in remission.
His acting career began fifty-one years ago, and since then he has appeared in over one hundred films. He’s the winner of two Academy Award and nominated for seven, De Niro has solidified his place as one of the Hollywood greats.
In addition to starring, producing, and directing films, De Niro is a father to six children, a political activist, and a humanitarian. He is 71 years old.
Actor Charlton Heston, best known for his roles in Ben Hur, Planet of the Apes, and The Ten Commandments, was born on October 4, 1923. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces in 1944, serving as an aerial gunner and radio operator in the Aleutian Islands.
He began his acting career in 1950 and won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1960, for his role in Ben Hur. He was also a Civil Rights supporter and a political activist.
In 1998, Heston was diagnosed with prostate cancer. The cancer went into remission after he underwent radiation therapy the same year. Heston passed away in April of 2008 due to complications from pneumonia.
Johnny Ramone
John William Cummings was born in 1948, and is better known by his stage name Johnny Ramone.
The native New Yorker songwriter and guitarist was a founding member of the famous punk band, The Ramones. He was known for his fast and energetic style, that to this day remains a major influence in punk rock.
In addition to his music, Johnny Ramone made guest appearances in several films and television shows, including a voiceover for The Simpsons.
He passed away on September 15, 2004, after a long five-year battle with prostate cancer.
Posthumously, Rolling Stone ranked Ramon as one of the “Top 100 Guitarists of All Time” and Time magazine listed him as one of the “10 Best Electric Guitarist of All Time.”
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Search all logs by username and/or keyword (will take a few minutes):
Channel log from 6 February 2019 (all times are UTC)
00:32 kjackal has left IRC (kjackal!~quassel@109.236.135.66, Ping timeout: 268 seconds)
02:05 ogra has left IRC (ogra!~ogra_@ubuntu/member/ogra, Ping timeout: 245 seconds)
03:01 fnurl has left IRC (fnurl!url@host31-49-219-13.range31-49.btcentralplus.com, Ping timeout: 250 seconds)
06:47 kjackal has joined IRC (kjackal!~quassel@109.236.135.66)
07:58 ricotz has joined IRC (ricotz!~ricotz@ubuntu/member/ricotz)
09:48 statler has joined IRC (statler!~Georg@gwrz3.lohn24.de)
10:57 Faith has joined IRC (Faith!~Paty_@unaffiliated/faith)
11:12 ogra has joined IRC (ogra!~ogra_@ubuntu/member/ogra)
13:37 kjackal has left IRC (kjackal!~quassel@193.191.158.60, Remote host closed the connection)
14:36 spaced0ut has left IRC (spaced0ut!~spaced0ut@unaffiliated/spaced0ut, Remote host closed the connection)
14:39 spaced0ut has joined IRC (spaced0ut!~spaced0ut@unaffiliated/spaced0ut)
14:47 vsuojanen has left IRC (vsuojanen!~vsuojanen@cable-hml-585686-205.dhcp.inet.fi, Ping timeout: 250 seconds)
14:49 vsuojanen has joined IRC (vsuojanen!~vsuojanen@cable-hml-585686-205.dhcp.inet.fi)
19:03 statler has left IRC (statler!~Georg@gwrz3.lohn24.de, Remote host closed the connection)
19:31 Faith has left IRC (Faith!~Paty_@unaffiliated/faith, Quit: Leaving)
21:52 ricotz has left IRC (ricotz!~ricotz@ubuntu/member/ricotz, Remote host closed the connection)
22:15 lucascastro has joined IRC (lucascastro!~lucascast@177-185-139-166.isotelco.net.br)
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Columns & Features
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Palabra Final
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Latina Lista: News from the Latinx perspective > Palabra Final > Immigration > Young voices from the border: Fear and unaccompanied migrant children
Young voices from the border: Fear and unaccompanied migrant children
inImmigration
By Larissa Converti
Council on Hemispheric Affairs
“Do not send your children to the borders. If they do make it, they’ll get sent back. More importantly, they may not make it.”[1]
– President Barack Obama
The past few years have brought a sharp upturn in the numbers of unaccompanied children arriving in the United States, and most have come from Mexico and the Central American countries which make up the Northern Triangle: Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Of the 15,647 unaccompanied minors apprehended by U.S. authorities from October 2014 to March of this year, 5,572 were from Mexico, 5,465 from Guatemala, 2,788 from El Salvador, and 1,549 from Honduras.
Of the children apprehended in the past two years, more than three quarters were caught in Texas, crossing the Rio Grande. The majority of these are children, who are usually between ages 15 and 17, but younger ones, and especially girls, have been arriving in increasing numbers within the last year. In fact, new data by Pew Research indicates a 117 percent increase in the number of unaccompanied children ages 12 and younger caught at the U.S.-Mexico border this fiscal year compared with the year before.
With crossing the border comes high costs. Young migrants, as well as most adult migrants, are shepherded by “coyotes,” or human smugglers, who are paid, according to Francisco Pacheco, East Coast Coordinator of the National Day Laborer Organizing Network (NDLON), “anywhere between $5,000 to $8,000 dollars per person. The deal made between the coyote and migrant,” Pacheco reported, “is referred to as ‘el combo.’” Under this contract, the coyote will make up to three attempts for the migrant to reach the U.S. border.” Now, with increased U.S. border enforcement, the price of human smuggling is rising.
Yet people keep coming, driven in large measure by conditions of poverty that continue to plague much of the region. Half of Central America’s population exists below the poverty line, and in rural areas two out of three people are poor.
Desperate, family members attempt to migrate to the United States to earn money and send it home. Often, after some time has passed, the children they left in their wake travel north.
Central American Kids get Court Dates — Mexican Kids get the Boot.
Although unaccompanied minors from Central America and Mexico may face similar circumstances and motivations for migrating, the two groups are unquestionably treated differently once they set foot on U.S. soil. According to the National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, children coming from Central America have been given opportunities to apply for asylum, while significant numbers of Mexican children have been summarily deported back to Mexico.
Why the Distinction?
In 2008 the U.S. Congress passed the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act to protect child migrants from “non-contiguous countries” from being pushed across the border and back into the clutches of the trafficking networks. The act exempted children arriving from these countries from immediate deportation. Instead, these children were transferred into the custody of the Office of Refugees and Resettlement and given a future court date to make a case for remaining in the U.S.
The three criteria in determining if a child would be exempt from deportation are: 1.) whether the child has been a victim of severe forms of abuse, 2.) if he/she would be returned to mistreatment if deported; and 3.) if the child lacks the ability to make an independent decision regarding his/her application for admission to the United States.
For youths from non-contiguous countries, the U.S. Border Patrol has 72 hours to transfer children to the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). But for Mexican children, U.S. officials are given just 48 hours to process the repatriations back across the border.
Moreover, there has been a pattern of expediting the process of deporting Mexican children, greatly reducing their chances of obtaining relief by applying for Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) visas under U.S. law, an immigration classification that allows abused, abandoned, or neglected children to immediately apply for lawful permanent resident status. Unfortunately, Mexican children, in contrast to Central American children, rarely are able to have contact with the Office of Refugees and Resettlement.
Screening is supposed to be performed to determine whether refugees have a credible claim for being granted permission to stay in the country, but U.S. border agents do not always review circumstances of each detainee with care.
Worse, immigrants without legal status do not have the right to government-appointed legal counsel in any removal proceedings. Most unaccompanied children appear in court without a lawyer, where their young age and inability to speak English proficiently preclude them from really comprehending what is happening to them. The U.S. legal system appears ill-equipped to offer adequate legal protection to youthful migrants. As a result, the present system is failing to protect vulnerable child populations.
Most U.S. shelters are filled with Central American youths, individuals who can stay in protective custody for months—and in some cases, years—until their court date arrives. Of course, staying in the shelters can be rough; while they are supposed to provide safe and humane conditions, the American Immigration Council reported 809 abuse complaints against the Border Patrol from January 2009 through January 2012.[7]
Some of the youthful migrants are picked up by family. But, “because of [the vast legal] backlog, which is growing greatly with the recent influx, in essence a kid released tomorrow could stay in the U.S. for up to three years waiting for their court date,” explains NPR’s Carrie Kahn.
When the day in court arrives, many unaccompanied migrant children often fail to show up for their court dates; the lengthy period of time between apprehension and hearing leads some to drift off, moving away to live with family members already in the country. Some skip their court date due to the threat of a negative outcome and immediate deportation.
Juan Osuna, Director of the Executive Office of Immigration Review at the Department of Justice, reported that 46 percent of all children, whether accompanied or unaccompanied, fail to be present at their hearings. And as these children fade into the shadows, they lose any real opportunity of gaining the legal status to remain in the United States.
Violence is undeniably one of the most important reason people decide to leave their homes in the Northern Triangle and Mexico. Homicide rates in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala are, respectively, ranked the first, fourth, and fifth highest in the world.
One migrant from El Salvador, 26-year old Rolan, a manager of a Mexican restaurant in Northern Virginia, had a typical experience. At the age of 17, Rolan pursued the dangerous trek across the U.S.-Mexican border in the hope of attaining a better education. But apprehensions drove him too, as gang predations near his home led him to flee his homeland.
“Families live in fear that if they became too successful in their businesses or work, the gangs will obtain information and threaten them at their house,” Rolan said. “For kids,” he continued, “if they are studying, the gangs will tell them not to study and try to force them to join the gangs. If they refuse, then that just leads to something worse.”
The dire economic conditions of rural people in Central America and Mexico serve as another important push factor, as the region’s relative lack of jobs leads many adults to come to the U.S. in search of work. As a consequence, much of the migration of young children is motivated by the desire to be reunited with family members who now work in the United States. In fact, 36 percent of all unaccompanied children surveyed prior to 2014 had at least one parent already in the United States.
Acting on Misleading Information
Many families were under the impression that it had become lawful for children to migrate to the U.S. Interviews by Border Patrol agents with young migrants and their families revealed that there was a commonly held perception that the United States had relaxed its policies and would grant them permisos, or free passes, to stay.
One migrant, Carmen Avila, 26, who came with her 4-year old son, said, “I heard in Guatemala that people were caught by immigration, but then they let them go and gave them a permit. The word got around and that’s why so many people are coming.”
These views gained further credibility as a result of intentional misinformation campaigns by migrant smugglers advertising their services. Many coyotes convinced migrants that they would have a clear path to U.S. citizenship if they made it into the United States. However, permisos are actually presented to minors at U.S. immigration hearings while they are placed with relatives to await court dates. Nonetheless, the misconception of lax policies and guaranteed permission for unaccompanied minors to remain in the United States spurred increased youth immigration in recent years.
Adolfo F. Franco, a former official at the U.S. Agency for International Development overseeing Latin America and the Caribbean, condemns the Obama Administration’s deportation amnesty, arguing that it entices Central Americans to believe they can stay as long as they reach U.S. territory. This “pull factor” of the U.S. has been deeply criticized and referred to as a fundamental catalyst not only for the high number of unaccompanied minors, but also for adults.
A Temporary Decrease
The summer months slow down the pace of immigration as people realize that setting out across the desert could be fatal if it gets too hot. It is not humanly possible for a person to carry enough water to survive the length of the trip. Tighter enforcement on the U.S. border and aggressive public-relations efforts to disabuse potential migrants of misconceptions about easy permisos have also contributed to recent decreases in migrations.
The best numbers do record a drop. An analysis by the Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan think tank based in Washington, D.C., makes plain how much the numbers have dropped. The flow decreased from 21,402 a year ago to 12,509 from October to February of both years. This decline is corroborated by the Department of Homeland Security, which saw 28 percent lower total apprehensions during the same period. As Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, a Pew research associate, summed up, “the broad conclusion is that the increase in deportation is having an effect on the flow of unaccompanied minors.”
Meanwhile, in response to pressure by the United States, Mexico has stepped up law enforcement on its southern border. Mexican “officials returned 3,819 minors to their home countries in the period studied (October to February), a 56 percent increase over the previous year,” according to the New York Times.
The Mexican government has also increased enforcement on its southern border with Guatemala, making it harder for migrants to board the freight train routes through Mexico. The train, known as La Bestia, or Death Train, follows the route from Guatemala north into Mexico. Annually, almost half a million migrants hop aboard these moving cargo trains, suffering the severe heat and lack of water and facing physical dangers that range from amputation to death.
Mexico is, at long last, taking a few steps to make conditions less dangerous for the migrants passing through its territory.
Despite the drop in numbers of unaccompanied children crossing into U.S. territory in the past several months, the debate surrounding the issue is far from finished. Lamentably, however, we still have not come to the shared conclusion that these unaccompanied children deserve humanitarian assistance.
President Obama has been urging Congress since July 8 last year to authorize $3.7 billion USD in emergency funds, but would spend much of the money on border security and on quicker deportations. Still, too little attention and resources are being directed to dealing with the humanitarian crisis in Central America.
The president is doing too little, and the U.S. Congress is doing almost nothing at all.
The poverty and violence of Central America and Mexico must be addressed. “There are not many opportunities for these kids. The violence and presence of the gangs have had a significant impact,” said Pacheco, referring to his home back in El Salvador. “Creating more cultural and extracurricular programs would also be useful for the children. These kinds of enrichment would at least expose them to positive experiences in the midst of violence,” Pacheco said.
The nations of Latin America must take responsibility for dealing with the crises that are driving people beyond their borders, but the U.S. government must also join Central America and Mexico in tackling the root causes of the immigration crisis.
Immigration policy in this hemisphere is failing. The United States must begin providing adequate visas for legal immigration programs, offer more opportunities for family reunification and normalize unaccompanied children’s’ status. Whether these children are confronted by border patrol agents or land in detainment centers, they must be treated humanely and respectfully, regardless of their legal status.
The U.S. must provide an authentic case-by-case review of every immigrant’s claim for humanitarian relief. And finally, non-contiguous countries should move to adopt Mexico’s more stringent law enforcement and repatriation policies, for only this will help to stem the flow of unaccompanied children.
The circumstances surrounding these young migrants must be dealt with now. If we do nothing, the children will continue to suffer unjustly.
Larissa Converti is a research associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
child migrants, featured, immigration, Latin America, Mexico
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Mexican human rights campaign brings needed awareness and colorful artwork to city streets
© Latina Lista Treviño Todamedia
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ahvalnews • Articles
Was Syrian teenager Eymen our brother?
Yazan Nurcan Baysal
On Sept. 13, 16-year-old Syrian refugee Eymen Hammami who was working in a bakery in the northern province of Samsun was stabbed to death in an apparently racially motivated attack. “We are brothers, don’t do this,” the boy’s brother Ibrahim told the assailants, to no avail.
Ibrahim told daily Evrensel that they had been standing by the side of the road when four men in a black car started cursing at them. “Syrians, get the f… out of this country,” Ibrahim recalled the men as saying. The men left, to return with some 15 of their friends. Two of them had knives. The rest happened very fast.
“I saw a patrol car pass by. By the time I got them and came back, my brother was bloodied and it was too late,” Ibrahim said. “I want my brother’s killers to face justice. Eymen is a brother to all of you, think of him that way.”
Let’s come back to whether people of this country feel like Eymen is their brother. First, here are some numbers on Syrian refugees in Turkey:
Turkey is the country that hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees. According to 2019 data from the Interior Ministry’s Migration Directorate, there are 3,571,031 Syrians living in Turkey. It is estimated that the real number is closer to four million.
The term “refugee” is used only in the colloquial sense with regards to Syrians in Turkey, as the country ratified the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees with a geographic limitation reservation. As it currently stands, only citizens of Council of Europe member states can be refugees in Turkey. Everybody else – like Syrians – are waiting to be placed in a third country by the UNHCR, under temporary protection status.
Very few Syrians in Turkey live in camps. The latest figures show that there are 62,596 refugees in seven temporary accommodation centres in five provinces, and these centres are slowly being phased out. Almost all refugees, 98.25 percent of them to be exact, live in villages and cities.
Istanbul is the province with the largest Syrian population, with 474,679 people. Southeastern border province Gaziantep comes second with 454,181 people – 22 percent of its population. The highest density of Syrian refugees is in neighbouring Kilis, with Syrians making up 80.61 percent of the province’s population.
Syrians have been living in Turkey for almost 10 years, but because of their status, both they and Turks think the situation is temporary, which delays integration and waves the Sword of Damocles, deportation, above their heads at all times.
With every downturn of the economy, as unemployment continues to rise, Syrians find themselves in the crosshairs.
The “Syrians are taking our jobs” rhetoric peaks in times of crisis. Even in the provinces with the highest concentration, locals and Syrians try to uphold their separate communities. In my most recent visit to Gaziantep in January, I saw that the isolation would only break when it was necessary, like in hospitals or at schools. That’s also where problems start.
I remember talking with a friend a while back. Out of nowhere, he told me that refugees were responsible for the hike in his water bill – after all, the government would not have to raise the price if they were not spending all our money on Syrians. I explained at length, that Syrians were not where the government spent our money, and the money spent on them did not in fact come out of the Turkish budget, but it didn’t work.
One thing this chat reminded me of was the prevalence of false information about Syrians, spread on occasion by politicians themselves.
Some politicians say Syrian business owners don’t pay taxes, others say Syrians get into universities without qualifying exams, or that Syrians are paid state-sponsored salaries.
The reality is, bar a very small group who managed to bring their money over, Syrians provide the cheap, undocumented labour in the country, because they don’t have work permits under the temporary protection status. Only 30,000 Syrians have permission to work in Turkey, while some 1.4 million of them are in the workforce – one way or the other.
Syrian children, many born in Turkey, still have issues accessing education. There are many among them who don’t speak Turkish, so they end up leaving school to become child labourers.
The economic crisis has hit Syrians hard as well. I have yet to see poverty matching that of the Syrian Doms (Romani speaking Syrians) living in the Nizip Camp in Gaziantep. They live in tents put up by a charity, with no water or power. They sell scrap metals to get by. It’s somehow easier to blame our water bill on them. There is no risk to holding them to account – but there is also no conscience or courage in doing so.
The Hammamis came to Turkey nine years ago. Eymen had five brothers. They all worked at the same bakery, for 50 liras a day. That currently comes to $6.52.
As Eymen’s funeral took place thousands of miles from his home, the country he lived in had “Syrians to Syria” trending on social media. The leader of the supposedly social democrat main opposition party was giving speeches to that effect.
Dearest Ismail, brother of my brother;
You are wrong. This country does not see us as brothers or sisters.
The mood of a Kurd
Those who stand by Kurds face heavy punishment in Turkey
Faceless, brazen – the story of a play in Kurdish
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Capital inflow to Russia for the first nine months 10/25/2008 | Other
Capital inflow to Russia for the first nine months of 2008 was around $800 million, a top Central Bank official said on Saturday.
"This is a provisional figure," Alexei Ulyukayev, the Central ...
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev opened talks with his Belarus counterpart, Alexander 10/25/2008 | Politics
Talks between the EU and Russia on a new cooperation agreement 10/25/2008 | Other
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Clocks across Russia will be set 10/25/2008 | Other
Young Russians are less concerned than their counterparts in other countries 10/25/2008 | Other
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Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko visits Moscow on Saturday for talks 10/25/2008 | Politics
On October 21, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's largest, 10/25/2008 | Other
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Russia's foreign minister said on Friday that the sanctions imposed 10/25/2008 | Politics
Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has proposed building a new Russian church 10/25/2008 | Other
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Moscow authorities have allowed the People's Union movement 10/25/2008 | Other
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Daylight saving time ends in Russia in the early hours 10/25/2008 | Other
Russia's state-run arms exporter Rosoboronexport on Friday linked the sanctions ... 10/25/2008 | Other
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The European Union has drafted a routine report on its relations 10/25/2008 | Other
Sep October 2008 Nov
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San Francisco guitarist and multi-instrumentalist Waldon Grooves Releases New Track ‘Palmetto Groove’
California, USA – When it comes to the zoot scoot, this is a song that will make a person want to swing to the psychedelic rock. There’s no other way to describe the single “Palmetto Groove” other than fun. It’s a surf rock adventure that will have the audience swaying and jamming in no time.
Waldon Grooves is a guitarist as well as a multi-instrumentalist. He knows how to make music that is reminiscent of the 70s era. He has a lot of layers to the song. There is a bit of psychedelia, deep surf, blues, funk, and jazz in the song. It sounds inspired by artists such as Tash Sultana, Khruangbin, Dope Lemon, and The Grateful Dead.
This is a groove that is free and wild. In an age where the cool of the 70s is abandoned, this throwback track brings back a flood of memories and nostalgia. The beat of the drum and the repetition of Palmetto Groove in the lyrics is really what holds the song together.
If one needs to relax or you’re just in a beachy mood, then this is the perfect jam. It’s a medley that cannot be forgotten quickly either. It’s a very addictive, catchy track.
There are so many people in the pandemic right now dreaming of getting to a beach vacation. This is the perfect tide over until the borders all open up for travel. A person could just make a pina colada in the kitchen and sit back on the couch to this tune. Add in a virtual Zoom party and the floor is open for a bit of dancing.
It makes sense that a land that has such a rich tradition of hippy vibes and surf culture would come out with music that fits the scene. Those from California might be wanting to go back to laid back roots after a tumultuous year.
Waldon Grooves has a lot to offer. The music doesn’t take itself too seriously. It brings in the right instruments but is ultimately something carefree and light. Who could be in a good mood after a listen?
Waldon Grooves is someone to look out for on the music scene. With such a skill in instruments and a deep voice, there are bound to be more radio worthy hits coming from his side of the tracks.
In the meantime, people will have to be content with “Palmetto Groove.” There’s a lot to love from jazzy waves of instruments to the base-like voice crooning the lyrics out. Palmetto Groove is not a place but rather a state of mind. It’s a certain vibe that many can really get into.
Album: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0FHx78nxNjbzTWJoNzLaaX
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/waldon.grooves/
Company Name: Waldon.Grooves
Contact Person: Clark Waldon
Website: https://www.instagram.com/waldon.grooves/
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(ASTM, CMTL) Market Watch For Thursday, December 16, 2010 From... Dec 15, 2010 17:57
Promoter: pennyomega.com Paying Party: No Third Party
ASTM Unknown compensation UNKNOWN
*We think that this promoter is a part of a group of promoters.
CMTL Unknown compensation UNKNOWN
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq:ASTM), a leading developer of expanded autologous cellular therapies for the treatment of severe, chronic cardiovascular diseases, announced that it has completed a public offering of 10,000,000 units at a price to the public of $2.25 per unit for an aggregate offering amount of $22.5 million, as previously announced on December 10, 2010. The net proceeds to Aastrom, after underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, from the sale of the units are approximately $20.5 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including research and development expenses such as expenses related to its Phase 3 CLI program, capital expenditures, working capital and general administrative expenses.
Stifel Nicolaus Weisel acted as sole book-running manager and Needham & Company, LLC and Roth Capital Partners acted as co-managers.
The offering was made to purchasers pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement that Aastrom filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on November 12, 2010. A final prospectus supplement relating to the offering was filed with the SEC on December 10, 2010.
Aastrom Biosciences is an emerging biotechnology company developing expanded autologous cellular therapies for use in the treatment of severe, chronic cardiovascular diseases. The company's proprietary cell-processing technology enables the manufacture of mixed-cell therapies expanded from a patient's own bone marrow and delivered directly to damaged tissues. Aastrom has advanced its cell therapies into late-stage clinical development, including a planned Phase 3 clinical program for the treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia and two ongoing Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Comtech Telecommunications Corp. (Nasdaq:CMTL) announced that its Tempe, Arizona-based subsidiary, Comtech EF Data Corp., obtained a $1.0 million order for modems, the Vipersat Management System (VMS) and performance enhancement proxies. The equipment will support a Vipersat-powered network for a United States government agency. Initially, it will connect a hub to 32 remote sites to facilitate voice and data services.
The SLM-5650A Satellite Modem was specified in the order, which is MIL-STD-188-165A modem types I, II, IV, V and VI compliant. When configured with the Network Processor module, it provides a wide variety of advanced Internet Protocol (IP) features including routing, switching, Quality of Service, and Vipersat dynamic bandwidth control. The demodulator-only version of the SLM-5650A Satellite Modem was also ordered, the SLM-5650AD.
The VMS provides dynamic Single Carrier per Channel (dSCPC) bandwidth management of the space segment. When integrated with the SLM-5650A Satellite Modem, the dSCPC technology provides the mechanism to automatically establish the high-speed IP SCPC carrier when a remote has an application to transport over the satellite link.
Also included in the order was the turboIP®-G2 Performance Enhancement Proxy, which combats the inherent challenges of transmitting TCP over satellite links. Transparently accelerating TCP sessions at speeds of 15 or 45 Mbps, the turboIP®-G2 increases throughput over satellite links while requiring minimal topology changes.
Comtech Telecommunications Corp. designs, develops, produces and markets innovative products, systems and services for advanced communications solutions. The Company believes many of its solutions play a vital role in providing or enhancing communication capabilities when terrestrial communications infrastructure is unavailable, inefficient or too expensive.
THIS IS NOT A RECOMMENDATION TO BUY OR SELL ANY SECURITY!
Disclaimer: Never invest in any stock featured on our site or emails unless you can afford to lose your entire investment. PennyOmega.com publisher and its affiliates and contractors are not registered investment advisers or broker/dealers. Our disclaimer is to be read and fully understood before using our site, reading our newsletter or joining our email list. Release of Liability: Through use of this website viewing or using, you agree to hold PennyOmega.com report and Crown Equity Holdings Inc. CRWE, its operators, shareholders, employees and/or contractors harmless and to completely release them from any and all liability due to any and all loss (monetary or otherwise), damages (monetary or otherwise) that you may occur. (Read more at http://pennyomega.com/disclaimer) Rule 17B requires disclosure of payment for investor relations. Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (CRWE.OB) is a newswire as well as an IR and PR firm. Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (CRWE.OB), in some cases, provides media advertising and public awareness for both public and private companies, as well as disseminating news. As such, in some cases, when Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (CRWE.OB) advertises for a particular client, Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (CRWE.OB) charges an advertising fee which it must disclose under 17B. The fee may be in cash, in free trading stock or in restricted stock. Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (CRWE.OB), if paid in stock, can and may sell those securities during the advertising period.
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Djokovic, Pliskova advance to second round at Roland Garros
NEW DELHI [Maha Media]: World number one Novak Djokovic dominated his first round match at the French Open 2020 as he swept aside Sweden's Mikael Ymer in straight sets.
On Tuesday, Djokovic defeated Ymer 6-0, 6-2, 6-3 in just 98 minutes and during the course of his win, one of the most notable features was his use of the drop shot.
"I think it's a great variety shot, the dropshot. I think it's important tactically to have it and to use it at the right time so that you can keep your opponent always guessing what the next shot is," he said as per the ATP Tour website.
"I may have played too many today, I agree. Maybe I exceeded what I should have played. But I think it worked well in the moments when I needed to get the point I did. And I thought that I kept my opponent today on the back foot constantly, because I felt comfortable to hit really any shot, being aggressive or coming to the net or mixing it up," he added.
Djokovic, who is chasing his 18th Grand Slam crown, will face Ricardas Berankis of Lithuania in the second round.
In women's singles, former world number one Karolina Pliskova had to really struggle in her opening round contest against an inspired Mayar Sherif, surviving the Egyptian qualifier after three sets to reach the second round.
Pliskova defeated 6-7(9), 6-2, 6-4 after two hours and 15 minutes on Court Philippe-Chatrier to pass the first hurdle at the clay court grand slam.
"Let's not talk about my level," Pliskova said after the match as per the WTA website. "I think there is big room for improvement, but it is what it is and I'm in the next round, which counts," she added.
She will next face 2017 champion Jelena Ostapenko.
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← Weight Watchers Part 4: Late Night Snacks and Shopping Tips
Raining! →
Old Anime Watcher
I just finished watching Tenkuu no Escaflowne again, who knows how many times I’ve watched it now? It’s such a great series. I feel like my dad saying it, but seriously… do they even make them like that anymore?
My interest in anime has waned over the years. When I first started watching (about ten or so years ago), my favorite titles were Bishoujo Senshi Sailormoon, Fushigi Yuugi, and other shoujo and bishounen titles. Back then, acquiring anime wasn’t so easy as it is now, and it seemed like I loved every title I came across. I remember driving forty minutes to see Mononoke Hime, and begging my mom to take my friend and I to see Escaflowne: The Movie.
Then I started getting into the classics; all of Hayao Miyazaki’s movies, Cowboy Bebop, and Neon Genesis Evangelion. I’ve watched quite a few titles, but it seems like it is harder for me to like new anime that I come across these days. I loved Azumanga Daioh!, Fruits Basket started good but the manga was better, same for Kareshi Kanojo no Jijou. Berserk freaked me out, Trigun made me laugh, so did Full Metal Panic! and its sequels, and Fullmetal Alchemist made me cry (I still haven’t gotten around to watching the remake). InuYasha dragged, as did its predecessor Ranma 1/2 (both based on manga from the same author).
Samurai Champloo revived my interest in the genre. It was a great series, but I wouldn’t have expected anything less from the creators of Cowboy Bebop. I started watching Naruto, but it keeps dragging on and on. One of the things I originally liked about anime was that the creators had a storyline in mind, they animated it, then ended it. It wasn’t like the American TV shows I was used to, that seemed to go on and on until the powers that be decided they were no longer profitable and ended the series unsatisfactorily. Naruto reminds me of that kind of mentality, so I’ve kind of given up on it.
If I watch anime these days, it tends to be movies, probably because they require less time to be invested in. Unlike when i was a teenager and in college, I don’t have hours and hours of free time anymore to watch anime in. I loved The Girl Who Leapt Through Time and Gake no Ue no Ponyo. I’ve seen all of Miyazaki’s films and most of Studio Ghibli’s as well, I wish there were more for me to watch. It seems like those are the only ones I like any more.
Any suggestions for a jaded anime fan?
December 6, 2009 by Erin Tagged Anime/MangaPermalink
4 thoughts on “Old Anime Watcher”
Luufie says:
Have you seen… Peach Girl, Tenchi Muyo/Universe, Outlaw Star, Paradise Kiss, Skip Beat!, Please Teacher! or Ayashi no Ceres, Ouran High School Host Club?
I tried to think of some anime that are short, so they’re like 20-50 episodes each, and maybe some that are slightly different from the list you already have in the post. 😀 Hope this helps some at least<3
I definitely second Ouran High School Host Club. It’s a classic.
The Melancholy of Haruhi of Suzumiya is also pretty good, but some people I’ve recommended it to were not all that into it, so I think it’s a hit and miss, depending.
I also really loved Princess Tutu and Honey & Clover!
H&C is a bit of a slice of life type show, so there’s no real plot, but it’s funny and charming. And Princess Tutu sounds like an awful title but trust me, it’s adorable.
rin says:
Luufie :
Thanks for the suggestions! I read the Peach Girl manga and liked it, I watched Tenchi Muyo, it was OK, same with Outlaw Star and Please! Teacher. Haven’t seen Ayashi no Ceres, Skip Beat! or Ouran HS, I’ll have to check those out. Thanks!!
Justine :
OK I’ll have to check out Ouran High School then! And I’ve always been curious about Haruhi Suzumiya, so I’ll add that to my list. And I love cute animes, so Princess Tutu and Honey&Clover sound great. Isn’t H&C by CLAMP?
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Bylaws of the Rotary Club of Montebello
Article 1 Definitions
1. Board: The Board of Directors of this club.
2. Director: A member of this club’s Board of Directors.
3. Member: A member, other than an honorary member, of this club.
4. Quorum: One-third of the club membership; a majority of directors for the Board.
5. RI: Rotary International.
6. Year: The 12-month period that begins on 1 July.
Article 2 Board
The governing body of this club is the Board consisting at a minimum of the president, immediate past president, president-elect, vice president, and secretary.
Article 3 Elections and Terms of Office
Section 1 — One month prior to elections, members of a committee made up of past presidents will nominate candidates for president, and may do so for the following: vice president, secretary, treasurer, and any open director positions.
A candidate for president shall have served at least one term as a member of the board.
Section 2 — The candidate who receives a majority of the votes from the committee of past presidents is declared elected to that office.
Section 3 — A vacancy on the Board or any office shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board.
Section 4 — A vacancy of any officer-elect position or director-elect position shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board-elect.
Section 5 — Terms of office for each role are as follows:
Vice President — One year
Director — One year
Treasurer — One year
Secretary — One year
Sergeant-at-arms — One year
Article 4 Duties of the Board
Section 1 — President. The president shall preside at club and Board meetings.
Section 2 — Immediate Past President. The immediate past president shall serve as a director.
Section 3 — President-elect. The president-elect shall prepare for their year in office and serve as a director.
Section 4 — Vice President. The vice president shall preside at club and Board meetings in the absence of the president.
Section 5 — Director. A director shall attend club and Board meetings.
Section 6 — Secretary. The secretary shall keep membership and attendance records.
Section 7 — Treasurer. The treasurer shall oversee all funds and provide annual accounting of these funds.
Section 8 — Board members may perform additional duties as assigned.
Article 5 Meetings
Section 1 — Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of this club shall be held no later than 31 December to elect the officers and directors who will serve for the next Rotary year.
Section 2 — The regular weekly meetings of this club are held on Wednesdays at 12:00 noon. Reasonable notice of any change or cancellation of the regular meeting shall be given to all club members.
Section 3 — Board meetings are held each month. Special meetings of the Board are called with reasonable notice by the president or upon the request of two directors.
Article 6 Fees and Dues
Section 1 — The admission fee, as established by RI and/or the club, shall be paid before the applicant can qualify as a member.
Section 2 — Membership dues shall consist of RI per capita dues, subscription fees to The Rotarian or Rotary regional magazine, district per capita dues, club annual dues, and any other Rotary or district per capita assessment. Club annual dues shall be in the amount of approximately $223.00 per quarter. Membership dues shall be payable in accordance with the policies of the club as established by the Board.
Article 7 Method of Voting
The business of this club is conducted by voice vote or show of hands except for the election of officers and directors, which is conducted by ballot. The Board may provide a ballot for a vote on a specific resolution.
Article 8 Committees
Section 1 — Club committees coordinate their efforts in order to achieve the club’s annual and long-range goals. Each club should have the following committees:
Club Administration
Section 2 — Additional committees may be appointed as needed.
Section 3 — The president shall be ex officio a member of all committees and, as such, shall have all the privileges of membership.
Section 4 — Except where special authority is given by the Board, committees shall not take action until a report has been made and approved by the Board. The president or the Board shall refer additional business to a specific committee as needed.
Section 5 — Each chair shall be responsible for regular meetings and activities of the committee, shall supervise and coordinate the work of the committee, and shall report to the Board on all committee activities.
Article 9 Finances
Section 1 — Prior to each fiscal year, the Board shall prepare an annual budget of estimated income and expenditures.
Section 2 — The treasurer shall deposit club funds in financial institution(s) designated by the Board, divided into two parts: club operations and service projects.
Section 3 — Bills are paid by the treasurer or another authorized officer when approved by two other officers or directors.
Section 4 — A thorough annual review of all financial transactions shall be completed by a qualified person.
Section 5 — An annual financial statement of the club shall be provided to club members.
Section 6 — The fiscal year is from 1 July to 30 June.
Article 10 Method of Electing Members
Section 1 — A member shall provide a candidate’s name to the Board. A transferring or former member of another club may also be proposed for membership by the former club. The proposal is kept confidential unless the Board instructs otherwise.
Section 2 — The Board shall ensure that the candidate meets all of Rotary’s membership requirements.
Section 3 — The Board shall approve or reject the candidate’s membership within 30 days and shall notify the proposer of its decision.
Section 4 — If the decision of the Board is favorable, the prospective member is invited to join the club, educated about Rotary and membership requirements, and asked to sign the membership proposal form and to allow his or her name and proposed classification to be conveyed to the club.
Section 5 — If no member of the club submits a written objection including reasons for the objection, to the Board within seven days after the club is notified of the prospective member, that person, upon payment of the admission fee, is considered to be elected to membership. If an objection has been filed with the Board, the club shall vote on this matter at its next meeting. If approved despite the objection, the proposed member is elected to membership after admission fee payment.
Section 6 — The club may elect honorary members proposed by the Board.
Section 7 — The club shall verify whether a proposed member who was a member of another Rotary club does not have past due accounts with the former club or clubs.
Article 11 Resolutions
Any resolutions or motions to commit the club to any position or action shall first be reviewed and approved by the Board. If resolutions or motions are first offered at a club meeting, they shall be sent to the Board without discussion.
Article 12 Amendments
These Bylaws may be amended at any regular club meeting. Changing the club bylaws requires that written notice be sent to each member 10 days before the meeting, that a quorum be present for the vote, and that two-thirds of the votes support the change. Changes to these bylaws must be consistent with the Standard Rotary Club Constitution, the RI Constitution and Bylaws, and the Rotary Code of Policies.
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Park Hill High School » Our People » Administrators » Marcus Fryatt
Marcus Fryatt/
fryattm@parkhill.k12.mo.us
Mr. Fryatt is beginning his 6th year at Park Hill High School. Prior to this year Mr. Fryatt was the Administrative Intern for one year at Park Hill High School, taught math at Park Hill High School for two years and at Shawnee Mission Northwest High School for three years. In his eight years in education Mr. Fryatt has not only taught but coordinated the Trojan Tutoring program, was the freshman 504 Coordinator, led the technology team at SMNW, designed curriculum, and coached among other responsibilities.
Mr. Fryatt grew up in Lee's Summit, Missouri and graduated from Lee's Summit North High School in 2008. He attended the University of Oklahoma and received his Bachelor's Degree in Mathematics Education in 2011. Mr. Fryatt earned his Master's Degree in Educational Administration in 2015 from the University of Missouri - Kansas City. He is also working on is doctoral degree from the University of Kansas.
Mr. Fryatt loves spending time with his wife, daughter, and son, traveling, and playing and/or watching golf, football, hockey, and baseball.
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Title: European Union
Subject: List of Master System games, October 2010 in sports, Foreign relations of Croatia, Economy of Greece, List of countries by imports
Collection: 1993 Establishments in Europe, European Union, Federalism, G20 Nations, G7 Nations, G8 Nations, International Organizations of Europe, Organizations Awarded Nobel Peace Prizes, Organizations Established in 1993, Political Systems, Supranational Unions, Trade Blocs, United Nations General Assembly Observers
The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.[1][2] It covers an area of 4,324,782 km2, with an estimated population of over 508 million. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by the member states.[3][4] The institutions are: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, and the Court of Auditors. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.
The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.[5] EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital,[6] enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade,[7] agriculture,[8] fisheries, and regional development.[9] The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 19 member states that use the euro as their legal tender.
The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervening years, the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993 and introduced European citizenship.[10] The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.
Covering 7.3% of the world population,[11] the EU in 2014 generated a nominal WTO, the G8, and the G-20. Because of its global influence, the European Union has been described as a current or as a potential superpower.[14]
Preliminary 1.1
Treaty of Rome and growth 1.2
Maastricht Treaty and after 1.3
Structural evolution 1.4
Member states 2.1
Environment 2.2
Constitutional nature 3.1
Governance 3.2
European Council 3.2.1
European Commission 3.2.2
European Parliament 3.2.3
Council of the European Union 3.2.4
Budget 3.3
Competences 3.4
Legal system 4
Courts of Justice 4.1
Fundamental rights 4.2
Acts 4.3
Area of freedom, security and justice 5
Foreign relations 6
Military 6.1
Humanitarian aid 6.2
Internal market 7.1
Monetary union 7.3
Energy 7.4
Infrastructure 7.5
Agriculture 7.6
Languages 8.1
Religion 8.2
Education and science 8.3
Health care 8.4
Sport 9.1
Symbols 9.2
Robert Schuman proposing the Coal and Steel Community on 9 May 1950.
After World War II, European integration was eyed as an escape from the extreme nationalism that had devastated the continent.[15] The 1948 Hague Congress was a pivotal moment in European federal history, as it led to the creation of the European Movement International and of the College of Europe, where Europe's future leaders would live and study together.[16] 1952 saw the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was declared to be "a first step in the federation of Europe.".[17] The supporters of the Community included Alcide De Gasperi, Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, and Paul-Henri Spaak.[18]
Treaty of Rome and growth
The continental territories of the member states of the European Union (European Communities pre-1993), coloured in order of accession.
In 1957, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany signed the Treaty of Rome, which created the European Economic Community (EEC) and established a customs union. They also signed another pact creating the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for co-operation in developing nuclear energy. Both treaties came into force in 1958.[18]
The EEC and Euratom were created separately from ECSC, although they shared the same courts and the Common Assembly. The EEC was headed by Walter Hallstein (Hallstein Commission) and Euratom was headed by Louis Armand (Armand Commission) and then Étienne Hirsch. Euratom was to integrate sectors in nuclear energy while the EEC would develop a customs union among members.[19][20]
Through the 1960s, tensions began to show, with France seeking to limit supranational power. Nevertheless, in 1965 an agreement was reached and on 1 July 1967 the Merger Treaty created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the European Communities.[21][22] Jean Rey presided over the first merged Commission (Rey Commission).[23]
In 1989, the Iron Curtain fell, enabling the union to expand further (Berlin Wall pictured).
In 1973, the Communities enlarged to include Denmark (including Greenland, which later left the Community in 1985, following a dispute over fishing rights), Ireland, and the United Kingdom.[24] Norway had negotiated to join at the same time, but Norwegian voters rejected membership in a referendum. In 1979, the first direct, democratic elections to the European Parliament were held.[25]
Greece joined in 1981; Portugal and Spain in 1986.[26] In 1985, the Schengen Agreement led the way toward the creation of open borders without passport controls between most member states and some non-member states.[27] In 1986, the European flag began to be used by the Community[28] and the Single European Act was signed.
In 1990, after the fall of the Eastern Bloc, the former East Germany became part of the Community as part of a reunited Germany.[29] With further enlargement planned for former communist states, Cyprus, and Malta, the Copenhagen criteria for candidate members to join the EU were agreed upon in June 1993.
Maastricht Treaty and after
The euro was introduced in 2002, replacing 12 national currencies. Seven countries have since joined.
The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty—whose main architects were Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand—came into force on 1 November 1993.[10] The treaty also gave the name European community to the EEC, even if it was referred as such before the treaty. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU. In 2002, euro banknotes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass 19 countries. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the Union.[30]
2009, the Lisbon Treaty entered into force.
On 1 January 2007, Romania and Bulgaria became EU members. In the same year, Slovenia adopted the euro,[30] followed in 2008 by Cyprus and Malta, by Slovakia in 2009, by Estonia in 2011, by Latvia in 2014 and by Lithuania in 2015. In June 2009, the European Parliament elections were held, leading to the second Barroso Commission, and by July, Iceland formally applied for EU membership, but has since suspended negotiations.
On 1 December 2009, the Lisbon Treaty entered into force and reformed many aspects of the EU. In particular, it changed the legal structure of the European Union, merging the EU three pillars system into a single legal entity provisioned with a legal personality, created a permanent President of the European Council, the first of which was Herman Van Rompuy, and strengthened the High Representative, Catherine Ashton.[31]
In 2012 the Union received the Nobel Peace Prize for having "contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy, and human rights in Europe."[32][33] On 1 July 2013, Croatia became the 28th EU member.[34][35][36]
Structural evolution
The following timeline illustrates the integration that has led to the formation of the present union, in terms of structural development driven by international treaties:
The 65,993 km (41,006 mi) coastline dominates the European climate (Cyprus).
Mont Blanc in the Alps is the highest peak in the union.
The EU's member states cover an area of 4,423,147 square kilometres (1,707,787 sq mi).[1] The EU's highest peak is Mont Blanc in the Graian Alps, 4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level.[37] The lowest point(s) in the EU is Lammefjorden, Denmark and Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands, at 7 m (23 ft) below sea level.[38] The landscape, climate, and economy of the EU are influenced by its coastline, which is 65,993 kilometres (41,006 mi) long.
Including the overseas territories of France which are located outside the continent of Europe, but which are members of the union, the EU experiences most types of climate from Arctic (North-East Europe) to tropical (French Guyana), rendering meteorological averages for the EU as a whole meaningless. The majority of the population lives in areas with a temperate maritime climate (North-Western Europe and Central Europe), a Mediterranean climate (Southern Europe), or a warm summer continental or hemiboreal climate (Northern Balkans and Central Europe).[39]
The EU's population is highly urbanised, with some 75% of inhabitants (and growing, projected to be 90% in seven member states by 2020) living in urban areas. Cities are largely spread out across the EU, although with a large grouping in and around the Benelux. An increasing percentage of this is due to low density urban sprawl which is extending into natural areas. In some cases, this urban growth has been due to the influx of EU funds into a region.[40]
The following 28 sovereign states (of which the map only shows territories situated in and around Europe) constitute the union:[41]
Population[42]
Area (km2)
Austria Vienna 19950101000000001995-01-01-00001 January 1995 7006858492600000000♠8,584,926 7004838550000000000♠83,855
Belgium Brussels 19570325Founder 7007112584340000000♠11,258,434 7004305280000000000♠30,528
Bulgaria Sofia 20070101000000002007-01-01-00001 January 2007 7006720219800000000♠7,202,198 7005110994000000000♠110,994
Croatia Zagreb 20130701000000002013-07-01-00001 July 2013 7006422531600000000♠4,225,316 7004565940000000000♠56,594
Cyprus Nicosia 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7005847008000000000♠847,008 7003925100000000000♠9,251
Czech Republic Prague 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7007105382750000000♠10,538,275 7004788660000000000♠78,866
Denmark Copenhagen 19730101000000001973-01-01-00001 January 1973 7006565971500000000♠5,659,715 7004430750000000000♠43,075
Estonia Tallinn 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006131327100000000♠1,313,271 7004452270000000000♠45,227
Finland Helsinki 19950101000000001995-01-01-00001 January 1995 7006547175300000000♠5,471,753 7005338424000000000♠338,424
France Paris 19570325Founder 7007663524690000000♠66,352,469 7005640679000000000♠640,679
Germany Berlin 19570325Founder[2] 7007811740000000000♠81,174,000 7005357021000000000♠357,021
Greece Athens 19810101000000001981-01-01-00001 January 1981 7007108124670000000♠10,812,467 7005131990000000000♠131,990
Hungary Budapest 20040101000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006984900000000000♠9,849,000 7004930300000000000♠93,030
Ireland Dublin 19730101000000001973-01-01-00001 January 1973 7006462588500000000♠4,625,885 7004702730000000000♠70,273
Italy Rome 19570325Founder 7007607956120000000♠60,795,612 7005301338000000000♠301,338
Latvia Riga 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006198609600000000♠1,986,096 7004645890000000000♠64,589
Lithuania Vilnius 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006292126200000000♠2,921,262 7004652000000000000♠65,200
Luxembourg Luxembourg 19570325Founder 7005562958000000000♠562,958 7003258600000000000♠2,586
Malta Valletta 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7005429344000000000♠429,344 7002316000000000000♠316
Netherlands Amsterdam 19570325Founder 7007169007260000000♠16,900,726 7004415430000000000♠41,543
Poland Warsaw 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7007380056140000000♠38,005,614 7005312685000000000♠312,685
Portugal Lisbon 19860101000000001986-01-01-00001 January 1986 7007103748220000000♠10,374,822 7004923900000000000♠92,390
Romania Bucharest 20070101000000002007-01-01-00001 January 2007 7007198614080000000♠19,861,408 7005238391000000000♠238,391
Slovakia Bratislava 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006542134900000000♠5,421,349 7004490350000000000♠49,035
Slovenia Ljubljana 20040501000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004 7006206287400000000♠2,062,874 7004202730000000000♠20,273
Spain Madrid 19860101000000001986-01-01-00001 January 1986 7007464398640000000♠46,439,864 7005504030000000000♠504,030
Sweden Stockholm 19950101000000001995-01-01-00001 January 1995 7006974735500000000♠9,747,355 7005449964000000000♠449,964
United Kingdom London 19730101000000001973-01-01-00001 January 1973 7007647671150000000♠64,767,115 7005243610000000000♠243,610
Map of the European Union in the world with overseas countries and territories and outermost regions.
The exclusive economic zone of the European Union.
EU member states.
Territories under the sovereignty of an EU member state.
Recognised candidate countries.
Through successive enlargements, the Union has grown from the six founding states—Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands—to the current 28. Countries accede to the union by becoming party to the founding treaties, thereby subjecting themselves to the privileges and obligations of EU membership. This entails a partial delegation of sovereignty to the institutions in return for representation within those institutions, a practice often referred to as "pooling of sovereignty".[43][44]
To become a member, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, defined at the 1993 meeting of the European Council in Copenhagen. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. Evaluation of a country's fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council.[45] No member state has ever left the Union, although Greenland (an autonomous province of Denmark) withdrew in 1985.[46] The Lisbon Treaty now contains a clause providing for a member to leave the EU.[47]
There are six countries which are recognized as candidates for membership: Albania, Iceland, Macedonia,[3] Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey.[48] However, on 13 June 2013, Iceland's Foreign Minister, Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson, informed the European Commission that the newly elected government intended to "put negotiations on hold".[49] Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo are officially recognised as potential candidates,[48] but have not submitted membership applications. Due to the lack of recognition by five of the 28 EU member states, the European Commission refers only to "Kosovo*", with an asterisked footnote containing the text agreed to by the Belgrade–Pristina negotiations: "This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence."
Four countries forming the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (that are not EU members) have partly committed to the EU's economy and regulations: Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, which are a part of the single market through the European Economic Area, and Switzerland, which has similar ties through bilateral treaties.[50][51] The relationships of the European microstates, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican include the use of the euro and other areas of co-operation.[52]
Viru Bog in Lahemaa National Park in Estonia, a protected habitat under the Habitats Directive
In 1957, when the EU was founded, it had no environmental policy, no environmental bureaucracy, and no environmental laws.[53] Today, the EU has some of the most progressive environmental policies of any state in the world. The environmental policy of the EU has therefore developed in remarkable fashion in the past four decades. An increasingly dense network of legislation has emerged, which now extends to all areas of environmental protection, including: air pollution control, water protection, waste management, nature conservation, and the control of chemicals, biotechnology and other industrial risks.[54] The Institute for European Environmental Policy estimates the body of EU environmental law amounts to well over 500 Directives, Regulations and Decisions.[55] Environmental policy has thus become a core area of European politics.
Such dynamic developments are surprising in light of the legal and institutional conditions which existed in the late 1950s and 60s.[56] Acting without any legislative authority, European policy-makers initially increased the EU's capacity to act by defining environmental policy as a trade problem. The most important reason for the introduction of a common environmental policy was the fear that trade barriers and competitive distortions in the Common Market could emerge due to the different environmental standards.[57] However, in the course of time, EU environmental policy emerged as a formal policy area, with its own policy actors, policy principles and procedures. The legal basis of EU environmental policy was not more explicitly established until the introduction of the Single European Act in 1987.[55]
A black stork, an Annex A protected species under Regulation (EC) No. 338/97
Initially, EU environmental policy was rather introspective. More recently, however, the Union has demonstrated a growing leadership in global environmental governance. The role of the EU in securing the ratification and entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in the face of US opposition is an example in this regard. This international dimension is reflected in the EU's Sixth Environmental Action Programme, which recognises that its strategic objectives can only be achieved if a series of key international environmental agreements are actively supported and properly implemented both at an EU level and worldwide. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty further strengthens the EU's global environmental leadership ambitions.[58] The vast body of EU environmental law which now exists has played a vital role in improving habitat and species protection in Europe as well as contributed to improvements in air and water quality and waste management.[55] However, significant challenges remain, both to meet existing EU targets and aspirations and to agree new targets and actions that will further improve the environment and the quality of life in Europe and beyond.
One of the top priorities of EU environmental policy is combatting climate change. In 2007, member states agreed that the EU is to use 20% renewable energy in the future and that it has to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 by at least 20% compared to 1990 levels.[59] This includes measures that in 2020, 10% of the overall fuel quantity used by cars and trucks in EU 27 should be running on renewable energy such as biofuels. This is considered to be one of the most ambitious moves of an important industrialised region to fight climate change.[60] The EU adopted an emissions trading system to incorporate carbon emissions into the economy.[61]
The European Green Capital is an annual award that is given to cities that focuses on the environment, energy efficiency and quality of life in urban areas to create smart city.
Political system of the European Union
The EU operates within those competencies conferred on it by the treaties and according to the principle of subsidiarity (which dictates that action by the EU should only be taken where an objective cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states alone). Laws made by the EU institutions are passed in a variety of forms. Generally speaking, they can be classified into two groups: those which come into force without the necessity for national implementation measures and those which specifically require national implementation measures.[62]
Constitutional nature
The classification of the European Union in terms of international or constitutional law has been much debated, often in the light of the degree of integration that is perceived, desired, or expected. Historically, at least, the EU is an international organisation, and by some criteria, it could be classified as a sui generis (incomparable, one of a kind), though it is also argued that this designation is no longer true.[66][67]
The organisation itself has traditionally used the terms "community", and later "union". The difficulties of classification involve the difference between national law (where the subjects of the law include natural persons and corporations) and international law (where the subjects include sovereign states and international organisations); they can also be seen in the light of differing European and American constitutional traditions.[66] Especially in terms of the European constitutional tradition, the term federation is equated with a sovereign federal state in international law; so the EU cannot be called a federal state or federation—at least, not without qualification. Though not, strictly, a federation, it is more than a free-trade association.[68] It is, however, described as being based on a federal model or federal in nature. Walter Hallstein, in the original German edition of Europe in the Making called it "an unfinished federal state".[69] The German Constitutional Court refers to the European Union as an association of sovereign states and affirms that making the EU a federation would require replacement of the German constitution.[70] Others claim that it will not develop into a federal state but has reached maturity as an international organisation.[71]
Juncker Commission
President Juncker (EPP)
Secretary-General Day
President Schulz (S&D)
Largest groups;
EPP (Manfred Weber)
S&D (Gianni Pittella)
8th session (2014-19)
751 MEPs
Luxembourgish Presidency
Justice and Home
Uwe Corsepius
Directorates-general
COREPER
President Tusk (EPP)
President Draghi
ESCB
Court of Auditors
Policies and issues
High Representative
Ext. Action Service
Customs Union
Four Freedoms
Economic Area
Area of FS&J
Schengen Area
Pro-Europeanism
Euroscepticism
Supranationalism
United States of Europe
Opt-outs
Enhanced co-op
2014 (last election)
Primacy
The European Union has seven institutions: the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the European Council, the European Central Bank, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Auditors. Competencies in scrutinising and amending legislation are divided between the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union while executive tasks are carried out by the European Commission and in a limited capacity by the European Council (not to be confused with the aforementioned Council of the European Union). The monetary policy of the eurozone is governed by the European Central Bank. The interpretation and the application of EU law and the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court of Auditors. There are also a number of ancillary bodies which advise the EU or operate in a specific area.
The President of the European Council, Donald Tusk
The European Council gives direction to the EU, and convenes at least four times a year. It comprises the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and one representative per member state; either its head of state or head of government. The European Council has been described by some as the Union's "supreme political authority".[72] It is actively involved in the negotiation of the treaty changes and defines the EU's policy agenda and strategies.
The European Council uses its leadership role to sort out disputes between member states and the institutions, and to resolve political crises and disagreements over controversial issues and policies. It acts externally as a "collective head of state" and ratifies important documents (for example, international agreements and treaties).[73]
On 19 November 2009, Herman Van Rompuy was chosen as the first permanent President of the European Council. On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force and he assumed office. Ensuring the external representation of the EU,[74] driving consensus and settling divergences among members are tasks for the President both during the convocations of the European Council and in the time periods between them. The European Council should not be mistaken for the Council of Europe, an international organisation independent from the EU.
The Commission President, Jean-Claude Juncker
The European Commission acts as the EU's executive arm and is responsible for initiating legislation and the day-to-day running of the EU. The Commission is also seen as the motor of European integration. It operates as a cabinet government, with 28 Commissioners for different areas of policy, one from each member state, though Commissioners are bound to represent the interests of the EU as a whole rather than their home state.
One of the 28 is the Commission President (currently Jean-Claude Juncker) appointed by the European Council. After the President, the most prominent Commissioner is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy who is ex-officio Vice-President of the Commission and is chosen by the European Council too.[75] The other 26 Commissioners are subsequently appointed by the Council of the European Union (also known as the Council of Ministers) in agreement with the nominated President. The 28 Commissioners as a single body are subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament.
The hemicycle of the European Parliament in Strasbourg
The European Parliament forms one half of the EU's legislature (the other half is the Council of the European Union). The 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are directly elected by EU citizens every five years on the basis of proportional representation. Although MEPs are elected on a national basis, they sit according to political groups rather than their nationality. Each country has a set number of seats and is divided into sub-national constituencies where this does not affect the proportional nature of the voting system.[76]
The Parliament and the Council of the European Union pass legislation jointly in nearly all areas under the ordinary legislative procedure. This also applies to the EU budget. Finally, the Commission is accountable to Parliament, requiring its approval to take office, having to report back to it and subject to motions of censure from it. The President of the European Parliament carries out the role of speaker in parliament and represents it externally. The EP President and Vice-Presidents are elected by MEPs every two and a half years.[77]
Council of the European Union
The Council of the European Union (also called the "Council"[78] and sometimes referred to as the "Council of Ministers")[79] forms the other half of the EU's legislature. It consists of a government minister from each member state and meets in different compositions depending on the policy area being addressed. Notwithstanding its different configurations, it is considered to be one single body.[80] In addition to its legislative functions, the Council also exercises executive functions in relations to the Common Foreign and Security Policy.
The 2011 EU budget (€141.9 bn. in total; commitment appropriations):[81]
Cohesion and competitiveness for growth and employment (45%)
Citizenship, freedom, security and justice (1%)
The EU as a global partner (6%)
Rural development (11%)
Direct aids and market related expenditures (31%)
Administration (6%)
The EU had an agreed budget of €120.7 billion for the year 2007 and €864.3 billion for the period 2007–2013,[82] representing 1.10% and 1.05% of the EU-27's GNI forecast for the respective periods. By comparison, the United Kingdom's expenditure for 2004 was estimated to be €759 billion, and France was estimated to have spent €801 billion. In 1960, the budget of the then European Economic Community was 0.03% of GDP.[83]
In the 2010 budget of €141.5 billion, the largest single expenditure item is "cohesion & competitiveness" with around 45% of the total budget.[84] Next comes "agriculture" with approximately 31% of the total.[84] "Rural development, environment and fisheries" takes up around 11%.[84] "Administration" accounts for around 6%.[84] The "EU as a global partner" and "citizenship, freedom, security and justice" bring up the rear with approximately 6% and 1% respectively.[84]
The Court of Auditors aims to ensure that the budget of the European Union has been properly accounted for. The court provides an audit report for each financial year to the Council and the European Parliament. The Parliament uses this to decide whether to approve the Commission's handling of the budget. The Court also gives opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions.[85]
The Court of Auditors is legally obliged to provide the Parliament and the Council with "a statement of assurance as to the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions".[86] The Court has refused to do so every year since 1993, qualifying their report of the Union's accounts every year since then.[87] In their report on 2009 the auditors found that five areas of Union expenditure, agriculture and the cohesion fund, were materially affected by error.[88] The European Commission estimated that the financial impact of irregularities was €1,863 million.[89]
EU member states retain all powers not explicitly handed to the European Union. In some areas the EU enjoys exclusive competence. These are areas in which member states have renounced any capacity to enact legislation. In other areas the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. While both can legislate, member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not. In other policy areas the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but cannot enact legislation with the aim of harmonising national laws.[90]
That a particular policy area falls into a certain category of competence is not necessarily indicative of what legislative procedure is used for enacting legislation within that policy area. Different legislative procedures are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area.
The distribution of competences in various policy areas between Member States and the Union is divided in the following three categories:
The Court of Justice, seated in Luxembourg.
The EU is based on a series of treaties. These first established the European Community and the EU, and then made amendments to those founding treaties.[91] These are power-giving treaties which set broad policy goals and establish institutions with the necessary legal powers to implement those goals. These legal powers include the ability to enact legislation[4] which can directly affect all member states and their inhabitants.[5] The EU has legal personality, with the right to sign agreements and international treaties.[92]
Under the principle of supremacy, national courts are required to enforce the treaties that their member states have ratified, and thus the laws enacted under them, even if doing so requires them to ignore conflicting national law, and (within limits) even constitutional provisions.[6]
Courts of Justice
The judicial branch of the EU—formally called the Court of Justice of the European Union—consists of three courts: the Court of Justice, the General Court, and the European Union Civil Service Tribunal. Together they interpret and apply the treaties and the law of the EU.[93]
The Court of Justice primarily deals with cases taken by member states, the institutions, and cases referred to it by the courts of member states.[94] The General Court mainly deals with cases taken by individuals and companies directly before the EU's courts,[95] and the European Union Civil Service Tribunal adjudicates in disputes between the European Union and its civil service.[96] Decisions from the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice but only on a point of law.[97]
The awarding ceremony of the 1990 Sakharov Prize awarded to Aung San Suu Kyi (here by Martin Schulz) inside the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle, in 2013.
The treaties declare that the EU itself is "founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities ... in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail."[98]
In 2009 the Lisbon Treaty gave legal effect to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The charter is a codified catalogue of fundamental rights against which the EU's legal acts can be judged. It consolidates many rights which were previously recognised by the Court of Justice and derived from the "constitutional traditions common to the member states."[99] The Court of Justice has long recognised fundamental rights and has, on occasion, invalidated EU legislation based on its failure to adhere to those fundamental rights.[100] The Charter of Fundamental Rights was drawn up in 2000. Although originally not legally binding the Charter was frequently cited by the EU's courts as encapsulating rights which the courts had long recognised as the fundamental principles of EU law. Although signing the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a condition for EU membership,[7] previously, the EU itself could not accede to the Convention as it is neither a state[8] nor had the competence to accede.[9] The Lisbon Treaty and Protocol 14 to the ECHR have changed this: the former binds the EU to accede to the Convention while the latter formally permits it.
Although, the EU is independent from Council of Europe, they share purpose and ideas especially on rule of law, human rights and democracy. Further European Convention on Human Rights and European Social Charter, the source of law of Charter of Fundamental Rights are created by Council of Europe. The EU also promoted human rights issues in the wider world. The EU opposes the death penalty and has proposed its worldwide abolition. Abolition of the death penalty is a condition for EU membership.[101]
The main legal acts of the EU come in three forms: regulations, directives, and decisions. Regulations become law in all member states the moment they come into force, without the requirement for any implementing measures,[10] and automatically override conflicting domestic provisions.[4] Directives require member states to achieve a certain result while leaving them discretion as to how to achieve the result. The details of how they are to be implemented are left to member states.[11] When the time limit for implementing directives passes, they may, under certain conditions, have direct effect in national law against member states.
Decisions offer an alternative to the two above modes of legislation. They are legal acts which only apply to specified individuals, companies or a particular member state. They are most often used in competition law, or on rulings on State Aid, but are also frequently used for procedural or administrative matters within the institutions. Regulations, directives, and decisions are of equal legal value and apply without any formal hierarchy.[102]
The borders inside the Schengen Area between Germany and Austria
Since the creation of the EU in 1993, it has developed its competencies in the area of freedom, security and justice, initially at an intergovernmental level and later by supranationalism. To this end, agencies have been established that co-ordinate associated actions: Europol for co-operation of police forces,[103] Eurojust for co-operation between prosecutors,[104] and Frontex for co-operation between border control authorities.[105] The EU also operates the Schengen Information System[5] which provides a common database for police and immigration authorities. This co-operation had to particularly be developed with the advent of open borders through the Schengen Agreement and the associated cross border crime.
Furthermore, the Union has legislated in areas such as extradition,[106] family law,[107] asylum law,[108] and criminal justice.[109] Prohibitions against sexual and nationality discrimination have a long standing in the treaties.[12] In more recent years, these have been supplemented by powers to legislate against discrimination based on race, religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation.[13] By virtue of these powers, the EU has enacted legislation on sexual discrimination in the work-place, age discrimination, and racial discrimination.[14]
The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini.
Foreign policy co-operation between member states dates from the establishment of the Community in 1957, when member states negotiated as a bloc in international trade negotiations under the Common Commercial policy.[110] Steps for a more wide ranging co-ordination in foreign relations began in 1970 with the establishment of European Political Cooperation which created an informal consultation process between member states with the aim of forming common foreign policies. It was not, however, until 1987 when European Political Cooperation was introduced on a formal basis by the Single European Act. EPC was renamed as the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) by the Maastricht Treaty.[111]
The aims of the CFSP are to promote both the EU's own interests and those of the international community as a whole, including the furtherance of international co-operation, respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.[112] The CFSP requires unanimity among the member states on the appropriate policy to follow on any particular issue. The unanimity and difficult issues treated under the CFSP sometimes lead to disagreements, such as those which occurred over the war in Iraq.[113]
The EU participates in all G8 and G20 summits. (G20 summit in Seoul)
The coordinator and representative of the CFSP within the EU is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (currently Federica Mogherini) who speaks on behalf of the EU in foreign policy and defence matters, and has the task of articulating the positions expressed by the member states on these fields of policy into a common alignment. The High Representative heads up the European External Action Service (EEAS), a unique EU department[114] that has been officially implemented and operational since 1 December 2010 on the occasion of the first anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon.[115] The EEAS will serve as a foreign ministry and diplomatic corps for the European Union.[116]
Besides the emerging international policy of the European Union, the international influence of the EU is also felt through enlargement. The perceived benefits of becoming a member of the EU act as an incentive for both political and economic reform in states wishing to fulfil the EU's accession criteria, and are considered an important factor contributing to the reform of European formerly Communist countries.[117] This influence on the internal affairs of other countries is generally referred to as "soft power", as opposed to military "hard power".[118]
NATO Summit 2006 in Riga, Latvia.
The European Union does not have one unified military. The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a strong military alliance because NATO was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes.[119] 22 EU members are members of NATO[120] while the remaining member states follow policies of neutrality.[121] The Western European Union, a military alliance with a mutual defence clause, was disbanded in 2010 as its role had been transferred to the EU.[122]
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), France spent more than €44 billion ($59bn) on defence in 2010, placing it third in the world after the US and China, while the United Kingdom spent almost £38 billion ($58bn), the fourth largest.[123] Together, France and the United Kingdom account for 45 per cent of Europe's defence budget, 50 per cent of its military capacity and 70 per cent of all spending in military research and development.[124] Britain and France are also officially recognised nuclear weapon states and are the only two European nations to hold permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. In 2000, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany accounted for 97% of the total military research budget of the then 15 EU member states.[125]
An A400M military transport aircraft built by Airbus Group SE (societas Europaea; Latin: European company)
Following the Kosovo War in 1999, the European Council agreed that "the Union must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and the readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises without prejudice to actions by NATO". To that end, a number of efforts were made to increase the EU's military capability, notably the Helsinki Headline Goal process. After much discussion, the most concrete result was the EU Battlegroups initiative, each of which is planned to be able to deploy quickly about 1500 personnel.[126]
EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions from middle and northern Africa to the western Balkans and western Asia.[127] EU military operations are supported by a number of bodies, including the European Defence Agency, European Union Satellite Centre and the European Union Military Staff.[128] In an EU consisting of 28 members, substantial security and defence co-operation is increasingly relying on co-operation of the great powers.[129]
Collectively, the EU is the largest contributor of foreign aid in the world. [130] [131]
The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department, or "ECHO", provides humanitarian aid from the EU to developing countries. In 2012, its budget amounted to €874 million, 51% of the budget went to Africa and 20% to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 20% to the Middle East and Mediterranean.[132]
Humanitarian aid is financed directly by the budget (70%) as part of the financial instruments for external action and also by the European Development Fund (30%).[133] The EU's external action financing is divided into 'geographic' instruments and 'thematic' instruments.[133] The 'geographic' instruments provide aid through the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI, €16.9 billion, 2007–2013), which must spend 95% of its budget on overseas development assistance (ODA), and from the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), which contains some relevant programmes.[133] The European Development Fund (EDF, €22.7 bn, 2008–2013) is made up of voluntary contributions by member states, but there is pressure to merge the EDF into the budget-financed instruments to encourage increased contributions to match the 0.7% target and allow the European Parliament greater oversight.[133]
However, five countries have reached the 0.7% target: Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Denmark and the United Kingdom.[134][135] In 2011, EU aid was 0.42% of the EU's GNI making it the world's most generous aid donor.[136] The previous Commissioner for Aid, Louis Michel, has called for aid to be delivered more rapidly, to greater effect, and on humanitarian principles.[137]
The five largest economies in the world according to the IMF by GDP in 2011.[138]
The EU has established a single market across the territory of all its members. 19 member states have also joined a monetary union known as the eurozone, which uses the Euro as a single currency.[139] In 2012, the EU had a combined GDP of 16.073 trillions international dollars, a 20% share of the global gross domestic product (in terms of purchasing power parity).[140] According to Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report 2012, the EU owns the largest net wealth in the world; it is estimated to equal 30% of the $223 trillion global wealth.
GDP (in PPS) per inhabitant by NUTS 2 regions in 2009.
Of the top 500 largest corporations measured by revenue (Fortune Global 500 in 2010), 161 have their headquarters in the EU.[141] In 2007, unemployment in the EU stood at 7%[142] while investment was at 21.4% of GDP, inflation at 2.2%, and current account balance at −0.9% of GDP (i.e., slightly more import than export). In 2015, unemployment in the EU stood, per August 2015, at 9.5%.[142]
There is a significant variance for GDP (PPP) per capita within individual EU states, these range from €11,300 to €69,800 (about US$15,700 to US$97,000).[143] The difference between the richest and poorest regions (271 NUTS-2 regions of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) ranged, in 2009, from 27% of the EU27 average in the region of Severozapaden in Bulgaria, to 332% of the average in Inner London in the United Kingdom. On the high end, Inner London has €78,000 PPP per capita, Luxembourg €62,500, and Bruxelles-Cap €52,500, while the poorest regions, are Severozapaden with €6,400 PPP per capita, Nord-Est with €6,900 PPP per capita, Severen tsentralen with €6,900 and Yuzhen tsentralen with €7,200.[143]
Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds are supporting the development of underdeveloped regions of the EU. Such regions are primarily located in the states of central and southern Europe.[144][145] Several funds provide emergency aid, support for candidate members to transform their country to conform to the EU's standard (Phare, ISPA, and SAPARD), and support to the former USSR Commonwealth of Independent States (TACIS). TACIS has now become part of the worldwide EuropeAid programme. EU research and technological framework programmes sponsor research conducted by consortia from all EU members to work towards a single European Research Area.[146]
A standardised passport design, displaying the name of the member state, the national arms and the words "European Union" given in their official language(s). (Irish model)
Two of the original core objectives of the European Economic Community were the development of a common market, subsequently renamed the single market, and a customs union between its member states. The single market involves the free circulation of goods, capital, people, and services within the EU,[139] and the customs union involves the application of a common external tariff on all goods entering the market. Once goods have been admitted into the market they cannot be subjected to customs duties, discriminatory taxes or import quotas, as they travel internally. The non-EU member states of Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein and Switzerland participate in the single market but not in the customs union.[50] Half the trade in the EU is covered by legislation harmonised by the EU.[147]
Free movement of capital is intended to permit movement of investments such as property purchases and buying of shares between countries.[148] Until the drive towards economic and monetary union the development of the capital provisions had been slow. Post-Maastricht there has been a rapidly developing corpus of ECJ judgements regarding this initially neglected freedom. The free movement of capital is unique insofar as it is granted equally to non-member states.
The free movement of persons means that EU citizens can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country. This required the lowering of administrative formalities and recognition of professional qualifications of other states.[149]
The free movement of services and of establishment allows self-employed persons to move between member states to provide services on a temporary or permanent basis. While services account for 60–70% of GDP, legislation in the area is not as developed as in other areas. This lacuna has been addressed by the recently passed Directive on services in the internal market which aims to liberalise the cross border provision of services.[150] According to the Treaty the provision of services is a residual freedom that only applies if no other freedom is being exercised.
The EU operates a competition policy intended to ensure undistorted competition within the single market.[15] The Commission as the competition regulator for the single market is responsible for antitrust issues, approving mergers, breaking up cartels, working for economic liberalisation and preventing state aid.[151]
The Competition Commissioner, currently Joaquín Almunia, is one of the most powerful positions in the Commission, notable for the ability to affect the commercial interests of trans-national corporations.[152] For example, in 2001 the Commission for the first time prevented a merger between two companies based in the United States (GE and Honeywell) which had already been approved by their national authority.[153] Another high-profile case against Microsoft, resulted in the Commission fining Microsoft over €777 million following nine years of legal action.[154]
The seat of the Central Bank in Frankfurt. 19 of the 28 member states of the union have adopted the euro as their legal tender.
The creation of a European single currency became an official objective of the European Economic Community in 1969. In 1992, after having negotiated the structure and procedures of a currency union, the member states signed the Maastricht Treaty and were legally bound to fulfill the agreed-on rules including the convergence criteria if they wanted to join the monetary union. The states wanting to participate had first to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
In 1999 the currency union started, first as an accounting currency with eleven member states joining. In 2002, the currency was fully put into place, when euro notes and coins were issued and national currencies began to phase out in the eurozone, which by then consisted of 12 member states. The eurozone (constituted by the EU member states which have adopted the euro) has since grown to 19 countries, the most recent being Lithuania which joined on 1 January 2015. Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Sweden decided not to join the euro.[155][16]
Since its launch the euro has become the second reserve currency in the world with a quarter of foreign exchanges reserves being in euro.[156] The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the European Central Bank (ECB).[157]
The ECB is the central bank for the eurozone, and thus controls [158]
The European System of Financial Supervision is an institutional architecture of the EU's framework of financial supervision composed by three authorities: the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority. To complement this framework, there is also a European Systemic Risk Board under the responsibility of the ECB. The aim of this financial control system is to ensure the economic stability of the EU.[159]
To prevent the joining states from getting into financial trouble or crisis after entering the monetary union, they were obliged in the Maastricht treaty to fulfill important financial obligations and procedures, especially to show budgetary discipline and a high degree of sustainable economic convergence, as well as to avoid excessive government deficits and limit the government debt to a sustainable level.
Some states joined the euro but violated these rules and contracts to an extent that they slid into a debt crisis and had to be financially supported with emergency rescue funds. These states were Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus and Spain.
Even though the Maastricht treaty forbids eurozone states to assume the debts of other states ("bailout"), various emergency rescue funds had been created by the members to support the debt crisis states to meet their financial obligations and buy time for reforms that those states can gain back their competitiveness.
Consumed energy (2012)[160]
Renewable (dom. prod.) (7%)
Nuclear[17] (dom. prod.) (13%)
Coal and lignite (dom. prod.) (10%)
Gas (dom. prod.) (9%)
Gas (import) (14%)
Oil (dom. prod.) (6%)
Oil (import) (33%)
Other (dom. prod.) (1%)
Other (import) (7%)
In 2006, the EU-27 had a gross inland energy consumption of 1,825 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).[161] Around 46% of the energy consumed was produced within the member states while 54% was imported.[161] In these statistics, nuclear energy is treated as primary energy produced in the EU, regardless of the source of the uranium, of which less than 3% is produced in the EU.[162]
The EU has had legislative power in the area of energy policy for most of its existence; this has its roots in the original European Coal and Steel Community. The introduction of a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was approved at the meeting of the European Council in October 2005, and the first draft policy was published in January 2007.[163]
The EU has five key points in its energy policy: increase competition in the internal market, encourage investment and boost interconnections between electricity grids; diversify energy resources with better systems to respond to a crisis; establish a new treaty framework for energy co-operation with Russia while improving relations with energy-rich states in Central Asia[164] and North Africa; use existing energy supplies more efficiently while increasing renewable energy commercialisation; and finally increase funding for new energy technologies.[163]
The EU currently imports 82% of its oil, 57% of its natural gas[165] and 97.48% of its uranium[162] demands. There are concerns that Europe's dependence on Russian energy is endangering the Union and its member countries. The EU is attempting to diversify its energy supply.[166]
The Öresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden is part of the Trans-European Networks.
The EU is working to improve cross-border infrastructure within the EU, for example through the Trans-European Networks (TEN). Projects under TEN include the Channel Tunnel, LGV Est, the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, the Öresund Bridge, the Brenner Base Tunnel and the Strait of Messina Bridge. In 2001 it was estimated that by 2010 the network would cover: 75,200 kilometres (46,700 mi) of roads; 78,000 kilometres (48,000 mi) of railways; 330 airports; 270 maritime harbours; and 210 internal harbours.[167][168]
The developing European transport policies will increase the pressure on the environment in many regions by the increased transport network. In the pre-2004 EU members, the major problem in transport deals with congestion and pollution. After the recent enlargement, the new states that joined since 2004 added the problem of solving accessibility to the transport agenda.[169] The Polish road network in particular was in poor condition: at Poland's accession to the EU, a number of roads needed to be upgraded, particularly the A4 autostrada, requiring approximately €13 billion.[170][171]
The Galileo positioning system is another EU infrastructure project. Galileo is a proposed Satellite navigation system, to be built by the EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA), and is to be operational by 2012. The Galileo project was launched partly to reduce the EU's dependency on the US-operated Global Positioning System, but also to give more complete global coverage and allow for far greater accuracy, given the aged nature of the GPS system.[172] It has been criticised by some due to costs, delays, and their perception of redundancy given the existence of the GPS system.[173]
Vineyards in Romania; EU farms are supported by the CAP, the largest budgetary expenditure.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the oldest policies of the European Community, and was one of its core aims.[174] The policy has the objectives of increasing agricultural production, providing certainty in food supplies, ensuring a high quality of life for farmers, stabilising markets, and ensuring reasonable prices for consumers.[18] It was, until recently, operated by a system of subsidies and market intervention. Until the 1990s, the policy accounted for over 60% of the then European Community's annual budget, and still accounts for around 34%.[175]
The policy's price controls and market interventions led to considerable overproduction, resulting in so-called butter mountains and wine lakes. These were intervention stores of products bought up by the Community to maintain minimum price levels. To dispose of surplus stores, they were often sold on the world market at prices considerably below Community guaranteed prices, or farmers were offered subsidies (amounting to the difference between the Community and world prices) to export their products outside the Community. This system has been criticised for under-cutting farmers outside Europe, especially those in the developing world.[176]
The overproduction has also been criticised for encouraging environmentally unfriendly intensive farming methods.[176] Supporters of CAP say that the economic support which it gives to farmers provides them with a reasonable standard of living, in what would otherwise be an economically unviable way of life. However, the EU's small farmers receive only 8% of CAP's available subsidies.[176]
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the CAP has been subject to a series of reforms. Initially, these reforms included the introduction of set-aside in 1988, where a proportion of farm land was deliberately withdrawn from production, milk quotas (by the McSharry reforms in 1992) and, more recently, the 'de-coupling' (or disassociation) of the money farmers receive from the EU and the amount they produce (by the Fischler reforms in 2004). Agriculture expenditure will move away from subsidy payments linked to specific produce, toward direct payments based on farm size. This is intended to allow the market to dictate production levels, while maintaining agricultural income levels.[174] One of these reforms entailed the abolition of the EU's sugar regime, which previously divided the sugar market between member states and certain African-Caribbean nations with a privileged relationship with the EU.[143]
As of 1 January 2015, the population of the EU is about 508.2 million people.[42]
The EU contains 16 cities with populations of over one million, the largest being London.
Besides many large cities, the EU also includes several densely populated regions that have no single core but have emerged from the connection of several cites and now encompass large metropolitan areas. The largest are Rhine-Ruhr having approximately 11.5 million inhabitants (Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf et al.), Randstad approx. 7 million (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht et al.), Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region approx. 5.8 million (Frankfurt, Wiesbaden et al.), the Flemish Diamond approx. 5.5 million (urban area in between Antwerp, Brussels, Leuven and Ghent), Katowice and its Upper Silesian metropolitan area approx. 5.3 million and the Øresund Region approx. 3.7 million (Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden).[177]
In 2010, 47.3 million people lived in the EU, who were born outside their resident country. This corresponds to 9.4% of the total EU population. Of these, 31.4 million (6.3%) were born outside the EU and 16.0 million (3.2%) were born in another EU member state. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), the United Kingdom (4.7 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million).[178]
Vital statistics in recent years[179][180] (in thousands)
2012 505 730.5 5 231,1 10.4 5 013,9 9.9 217,3 0.4 882,2 1 099,5
2013 507 416.6 5 075,7 10.0 4 999,2 9.9 76,5 0.1 653,1 729,6
English 13% 51%
German 16% 27%
French 12% 24%
Italian 13% 16%
Spanish 8% 15%
Polish 8% 9%
Romanian 5% 5%
Dutch 4% 5%
Greek 3% 4%
Hungarian 3% 3%
Portuguese 2% 3%
Czech 2% 3%
Swedish 2% 3%
Bulgarian 2% 2%
Slovak 1% 2%
Danish 1% 1%
Finnish 1% 1%
Lithuanian 1% 1%
Croatian 1% 1%
Slovenian <1% <1%
Estonian <1% <1%
Irish <1% <1%
Latvian <1% <1%
Maltese <1% <1%
Survey 2012.[181]
Native: Native language[182]
Total: EU citizens able to hold a
conversation in this language[183]
Among the many languages and dialects used in the EU, it has 24 official and working languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, and Swedish.[184][185] Important documents, such as legislation, are translated into every official language.
The European Parliament provides translation into all languages for documents and its plenary sessions.[186] Some institutions use only a handful of languages as internal working languages.[187] Catalan, Galician, Basque, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh are not official languages of the EU but have semi-official status in that official translations of the treaties are made into them and citizens of the EU have the right to correspond with the institutions using them.
Language policy is the responsibility of member states, but EU institutions promote the learning of other languages.[19][188] English is the most spoken language in the EU, being spoken by 51% of the EU population when counting both native and non-native speakers.[189] German is the most widely spoken mother tongue (about 88.7 million people in 2006). 56% of EU citizens are able to engage in a conversation in a language other than their mother tongue.[190] Most official languages of the EU belong to the Indo-European language family, except Estonian, Finnish, and Hungarian, which belong to the Uralic language family, and Maltese, which is a Semitic language. Most EU official languages are written in the Latin alphabet except Bulgarian, written in Cyrillic, and Greek, written in the Greek alphabet.[191] With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek scripts.[192]
Besides the 24 official languages, there are about 150 regional and minority languages, spoken by up to 50 million people.[191] Of these, only the Spanish regional languages (Catalan, Galician, and Basque), Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh[193] can be used by citizens in communication with the main European institutions.[194] Although EU programmes can support regional and minority languages, the protection of linguistic rights is a matter for the individual member states. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ratified by most EU states provides general guidelines that states can follow to protect their linguistic heritage.
The European Day of Languages is held annually on 26 September and is aimed at encouraging language learning across Europe.
Self described religion in the European Union (2012)[195]
Catholic (48%)
Protestant (12%)
Orthodox (8%)
Other Christian (4%)
Non believer/Agnostic (16%)
Atheist (7%)
Muslim (2%)
Other religion/None stated (3%)
The EU is a [196]
The preamble to the Treaty on European Union mentions the "cultural, religious and humanist inheritance of Europe".[196] Discussion over the draft texts of the European Constitution and later the Treaty of Lisbon included proposals to mention Christianity or God, or both, in the preamble of the text, but the idea faced opposition and was dropped.[197]
Christians in the EU are divided among members of Catholicism (both Roman and Eastern Rite), numerous Protestant denominations, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 2009, the EU had an estimated Muslim population of 13 million,[198] and an estimated Jewish population of over a million.[199] The other world religions of Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism are also represented in the EU population.
According to new polls about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer, Christianity is the largest religion in the European Union accounting 72% for EU population.[195] Catholics are the largest Christian group in EU, accounting for 48% EU citizens, while Protestants make up 12%, and Eastern Orthodox make up 8%, and other Christians account for 4% of the EU population.[200]
Eurostat's Eurobarometer opinion polls showed in 2005 that 52% of EU citizens believed in a God, 27% in "some sort of spirit or life force", and 18% had no form of belief.[201] Many countries have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years.[202] The countries where the fewest people reported a religious belief were Estonia (16%) and the Czech Republic (19%).[201] The most religious countries are Malta (95%, predominantly Roman Catholic) as well as Cyprus and Romania (both predominantly Orthodox) each with about 90% of the citizens professing a belief in God. Across the EU, belief was higher among women, increased with age, those with religious upbringing, those who left school at 15 or 16, and those "positioning themselves on the right of the political scale (57%)."[201]
Erasmus Programme logo, representing the humanist Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam.
Basic education is an area where the EU's role is limited to supporting national governments. In higher education, the policy was developed in the 1980s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. The most visible of these has been the Erasmus Programme, a university exchange programme which began in 1987. In its first 20 years, it has supported international exchange opportunities for well over 1.5 million university and college students and has become a symbol of European student life.[203]
There are now similar programmes for school pupils and teachers, for trainees in vocational education and training, and for adult learners in the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013. These programmes are designed to encourage a wider knowledge of other countries and to spread good practices in the education and training fields across the EU.[204][205] Through its support of the Bologna Process, the EU is supporting comparable standards and compatible degrees across Europe.
Scientific development is facilitated through the EU's Framework Programmes, the first of which started in 1984. The aims of EU policy in this area are to co-ordinate and stimulate research. The independent European Research Council allocates EU funds to European or national research projects.[206] EU research and technological framework programmes deal in a number of areas, for example energy where it aims to develop a diverse mix of renewable energy for the environment and to reduce dependence on imported fuels.[207]
European Health Insurance Card.
(French version pictured)
Although the EU has no major competences in the field of health care, Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities". All the member states have either publicly sponsored and regulated universal health care or publicly provided universal health care. The European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Consumers seeks to align national laws on the protection of people's health, on the consumers' rights, on the safety of food and other products.[208][209][210]
Health care in the EU is provided through a wide range of different systems run at the national level. The systems are primarily publicly funded through taxation (universal health care). Private funding for health care may represent personal contributions towards meeting the non-taxpayer refunded portion of health care or may reflect totally private (non-subsidised) health care either paid out of pocket or met by some form of personal or employer funded insurance.
All EU and many other European countries offer their citizens a free European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries.[211] A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co-operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality cross-border healthcare for European patients.[212][213][214]
Acropolis and Colosseum, symbols of the Graeco-Roman world
Cultural co-operation between member states has been a concern of the EU since its inclusion as a community competency in the Maastricht Treaty.[215] Actions taken in the cultural area by the EU include the Culture 2000 7-year programme,[215] the European Cultural Month event,[216] the MEDIA Programme,[217] orchestras such as the European Union Youth Orchestra[218] and the European Capital of Culture programme – where one or more cities in the EU are selected for one year to assist the cultural development of that city.[219]
Sport is mainly the responsibility of an individual member states or other international organisations rather than that of the EU. However, there are some EU policies that have had an impact on sport, such as the free movement of workers which was at the core of the International Olympic Committee and FIFA, due to objections over the applications of free market principles to sport which led to an increasing gap between rich and poor clubs.[222] The EU does fund a programme for Israeli, Jordanian, Irish, and British football coaches, as part of the Football 4 Peace project.[223]
Clockwise from top left: The European flag seen at the occasion of the 2004 enlargement; the reliquary bust of Charlemagne (c. 1350); Europa and the bull, depicted as the personification of Europe in a 1700 map by Fredericus de Wit.
The flag of the union consists of a circle of 12 golden stars on a blue field. The blue represents the west, while the number and position of the stars represent completeness and unity, respectively.[224] Originally designed in 1955 for the Council of Europe, the flag was adopted by the European Communities, the predecessors of the present union, in 1986. United in Diversity was adopted as the motto of the union in the year 2000, having been selected from proposals submitted by school pupils.[225] Since 1985, the flag day of the union has been Europe Day, on 9 May, i.e. the date of the 1950 Schuman declaration. The anthem of the union is an instrumental version of the prelude to the Ode to Joy, the 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's ninth symphony. The anthem was adopted by European Community leaders in 1985 and has since been played on official occasions.[226]
Besides naming the continent, the Greek mythological figure of Europa has frequently been employed as a personification of Europe. Known from the myth in which Zeus seduces her in the guise of a white bull, Europa has also been referred to in relation to the present union. Statues of Europa and the bull decorate several of the Union's institutions, and a portrait of her is seen on the 2013 series of Euro banknotes. The bull is for its part depicted on all residence permit cards.[227]
Charlemagne Youth Prize in recognition of similar efforts by young people.[234]
Religious symbols of Europe and its integration include Saint Benedict, who in 1964 was named patron saint of Europe by Pope Paul VI, and Saint Hedwig, who in 1997 was canonised as patron saint of European unification by Pope John Paul II.[235][236]
Outline of the European Union
European Union –
^ This figure includes the extra-European territories of member states which are part of the European Union and excludes the European territories of member states which are not part of the Union. For more information see Special member state territories and the European Union.
^ On 000000001990-10-03-0000October 3, 1990, the constituent states of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany, automatically becoming part of the EU.
^ Referred to by the EU as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".
^ a b See Article 288 (ex Article 249 TEC) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ According to the principle of Direct Effect first invoked in the Court of Justice's decision in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen , Eur-Lex (European Court of Justice 1963). See: Craig and de Búrca, ch. 5.
^ According to the principle of Supremacy as established by the ECJ in Case 6/64, Falminio Costa v. ENEL [1964] ECR 585. See Craig and de Búrca, ch. 7. See also: Factortame litigation: Factortame Ltd. v. Secretary of State for Transport (No. 2) [1991] 1 AC 603, Solange II (Re Wuensche Handelsgesellschaft, BVerfG decision of 22 October 1986 [1987] 3 CMLR 225,265) and Frontini v. Ministero delle Finanze [1974] 2 CMLR 372; Raoul George Nicolo [1990] 1 CMLR 173.
^ It is effectively treated as one of the Copenhagen criteria, Assembly.coe.int. It should be noted that this is a political and not a legal requirement for membership.
^ The European Convention on Human Rights was previously only open to members of the Council of Europe (Article 59.1 of the Convention), and even now only states may become member of the Council of Europe (Article 4 of the Statute of the Council of Europe).
^ Opinion (2/92) of the European Court of Justice on "Accession by the Community to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" 1996 E.C.R. I-1759 (in French), ruled that the European Community did not have the competence to accede to the ECHR.
^ See: Case 34/73, Variola v. Amministrazione delle Finanze [1973] ECR 981.
^ To do otherwise would require the drafting of legislation which would have to cope with the frequently divergent legal systems and administrative systems of all of the now 28 member states. See Craig and de Búrca, p. 115
^ See Articles 157 (ex Article 141) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ See Article 2(7) of the Amsterdam Treaty on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (OJ L 180, 19 July 2000, p. 22–26); Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (OJ L 303, 2 December 2000, p. 16–22).
^ Article 3(1)(g) of the Treaty of Rome
^ In order to meet the euro convergence criteria it is necessary first to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, something Sweden has declined to do:
^ Note that although almost all Uranium is imported,
Nuclear Power is considered primary energy produced in the EU
^ Article 39 (ex Article 33) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ See Articles 165 and 166 (ex Articles 149 and 150) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ a b ;
^ see List of countries by GDP (nominal) and List of countries by GDP (PPP). Both pages are about countries and therefore the EU is not ranked.
^ Dieter Mahncke, Léonce Bekemans, Robert Picht, The College of Europe. Fifty Years of Service to Europe, Bruges, 1999. ISBN 90-804983-1-9.
^ Merging the executives CVCE.eu
^ Discover the former Presidents: The Rey Commission, Europa (web portal). Retrieved 28 April 2013.
^ Article 50 of the Consolidated Treaty on European Union.
^ Jordan, A.J. and Adelle, C. (eds)(2012) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3e). Earthscan: London and Sterling, Virginia
^ Knill, C. and Liefferink, D.(2012) The establishment of EU environmental policy, In: Jordan, A.J. and Adelle, C. (eds) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3e). Earthscan: London and Sterling, Virginia
^ a b c Institute for European Environmental Policy (2012) Manual of European Environmental Policy, Earthscan, London.
^ Knill, C. and Liefferink, D.(2012) The etsbalishment of EU environmental policy, In: Jordan, A.J. and Adelle, C. (eds) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3e). Earthscan: London and Sterling, VA.
^ Johnson, S.P. and Corcelle, G. (1989) The Environmental Policy of the European Communities, Graham & Trotman, London
^ Benson, D. and Adelle, C. (2012) European Union environmental policy after the Lisbon Treaty, In: Jordan, A.J. and Adelle, C. (eds) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3e). Earthscan: London and Sterling, VA.
^ These groups refer to regulations and directives respectively. These legislative instruments are dealt with in more detail below.
The original German uses the word Staatenverbund, which they translate as "association of sovereign states", rather than the word Staatenbund (confederation) or Bundesstaat (federation).
^ With US or against US?: European trends in American perspective Parsons, Jabko. European Union Studies Association, p.146:
Fourth, the European Council acts a "collective head of state" for the EU.
^ Treaty on European Union: Article 17:7
^ The Latin word consilium is occasionally used when a single identifier is required, as on the Council Web site
^ a b c d e
^ Article 287 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (ex Article 248 TEC).
^ Its examples are the ratifications of United Nations Convention against Corruption and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by EU. And Article 47 of the Consolidated Treaty on European Union.
^ Article 256(1) (ex article 225(1)) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ Article 2, Treaty on European Union (consolidated 1 December 2009)
^ Case 11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v. Einfuhr und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel; Article 6(2) of the Maastricht Treaty (as amended).
^ Article 21 of the Treaty on European Union (as inserted by the Treaty of Lisbon), on eur-lex.europa.eu
^ Rettman, Andrew (23 October 2009) EU states envisage new foreign policy giant, EU Observer
^ At page. 762
^ Statement of the Presidency of the Permanent Council of the WEU – on behalf of the High Contracting Parties to the Modified Brussels Treaty – Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom – Western European Union 31 March 2010.
^ "Britain and France to work together" by Catherine Field. 4 November 2010. nzherald.co.nz. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Britain spent more than US$69 billion on defence last year, placing it third in the world after the United States and China, while France spent US$67.31 billion, the fourth largest. Together, Britain and France account for 45 per cent of Europe's defence budget, 50 per cent of its military capacity and 70 per cent of all spending in military research and development. Copyright 2010, APN Holdings NZ Limited.
^ European civil research did not benefit from the decline in military research budgets PDF
^ ECHO,ECHO's finances
^ a b c d Mikaela Gavas 2010. Financing European development cooperation: the Financial Perspectives 2014–2020. London: Overseas Development Institute
^ Figures from the September 2011 update of the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Database. Figure for EU, accessed 22 September 2011. Figures for the countries of the world, accessed 22 September 2011.
^ Number of companies data taken from the "Pick a country" box.
^ a b c
Nuclear energy and renewable energy are treated differently from oil, gas , and coal in this respect.
^ 6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad, Eurostat, Katya VASILEVA, 34/2011.
^ EU28 population 505.7 million at 1 January 2013 - Eurostat
^ europarltv, official webtv of the European Parliament, is also available in all EU languages [1]
^ a b The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
^ a b Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union.
^ Jewish population figures may be unreliable.
^ ;
^ Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08, Opinon of Advocate General Kokott, para 207
^ Emblemes Archived 19 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ a b c Riché, Preface xviii, Pierre Riché reflects: "[H]e enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of his reign, by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly marked the history of Western Europe."
^ humnet.ucla.edu
^ Chamberlin, Russell, The Emperor Charlemagne, p. ???
^ The New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edn., Erin McKean (editor), 2051 pages, May 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.
^ Nominal 2015 GDP for the European Union and 2015 population for the European Union, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015, International Monetary Fund. Accessed on 26 April 2015
Bindi, Federiga, ed. The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe's Role in the World (Brookings Institution Press; 2010). The E.U.'s foreign-policy mechanisms and foreign relations, including with its neighbours.
Bomberg, Elizabeth, Peterson, John, and Richard Corbett, eds. The European Union: How Does it Work? (3rd ed) (2012, Oxford University Press). ISBN 978-0-19-957080-5 and ISBN 0-19-957080-9.
Jordan, A.J. and Adelle, C. (eds) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3e). Earthscan: London and Sterling, VA.
Kaiser, Wolfram. Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union (2007)
Pinder, John, and Simon Usherwood. The European Union: A Very Short Introduction (2008) excerpt and text search
Staab, Andreas. The European Union Explained: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact (2008) excerpt and text search
Yesilada, Birol A. and David M. Wood. The Emerging European Union (5th ed. 2009)
EUROPA—official web portal
EUR-Lex—EU Laws
http://www.eui.eu/Research/HistoricalArchivesOfEU/Index.aspx Historical Archives of the European Union
Overviews and data
Eurostat—European Union Statistics Explained
Datasets related to the EU on CKAN
CIA World Factbook: European Union entry at The World Factbook
British Pathé—Online newsreel archive of the 20th century
Search EU Financial Sanctions List
The European Union: Questions and Answers Congressional Research Service
Works by European Union at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about European Union at Internet Archive
Der Spiegel interview with Helmut Schmidt and Valery Giscard d'Estaing
European Studies Hub—interactive learning tools and resources to help students and researchers better understand and engage with the European Union and its politics.
Iceland (in the Atlantic Ocean) Norway Russia
Western Balkans (enclaved) and Africa (by the Mediterranean Sea) Turkey
Tawakkul Karman
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Use British English from July 2013
WorldHeritage articles needing clarification from July 2015
Vague or ambiguous time from June 2013
WorldHeritage articles in need of updating from June 2013
All WorldHeritage articles in need of updating
WorldHeritage articles in need of updating from January 2014
1993 establishments in Europe
G20 nations
G7 nations
International organizations of Europe
Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes
Supranational unions
Trade blocs
United Nations General Assembly observers
European People's Party, European Union, Brussels, Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, European Council
United Kingdom, European Union, Tunisia, Gozo, Valletta
Tallinn, Sweden, Soviet Union, Tartu, Estonian language
Bucharest, European Union, Romanian language, Transylvania, Nato
European People's Party, European Union, Party of European Socialists, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Council of the European Union
List of Master System games
Sega, European Union, Brazil, United States, Japan
October 2010 in sports
England, Australia, Canada, United States, India
Economy of Greece
European Union, Italy, Germany, Greece, Crete
List of countries by imports
European Union, United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, United States
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Environmental Writing 2011
By Jan Barry
From Agent Orange’s insidious grasp out of the past of the war in Vietnam to current health concerns of many residents of Ramapo River communities, to the potential future effects of global climate change, 11 student-reporters at Ramapo College of New Jersey dug into a wide array of ecological issues in the Spring 2011 Environmental Writing class.
Here are some of many insightful passages that summarize topics students chose to research and report in magazine-style final writing projects, all of which are posted on our class website, Ramapo Lookout, along with their other writing assignments throughout the semester.
“The Earth is as a storm. Violently it crashes and trumpets along its trillion year journey. Like a wildfire burning on a California horizon, the Earth surrounds itself in tapestry of both beauty and terror. In essence our planet is a hospitable destroyer. It will deny life as easily as it fosters it. Often times life will simply die off, a casualty of the constant unseen equation of nature. Still, despite the changes our planet has seen, the existence of life has always remained firmly rooted. However, our modern age has threatened life with a new villain: pollutants.”
— From Destroying our Oceans: Impact of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch by John Clancey
“Beekeepers throughout the Garden State know there is something wrong. Some blame mites and pesticides but others are still puzzled as to what exactly is causing colony collapse disorder.
“’I had beehives that were full of bees and produced a great honey crop, and two weeks later were empty,’ says Joe Triemel, Corresponding Secretary at the Essex Co. Beekeepers.
“Why all the buzz? Bees are very critical to agricultural practices.”
— From New Jersey’s Buzz on Colony Collapse Disorder by Courtney Leiva
“When being advised to follow a healthy diet, the one food that is indisputably on the top of the list is fish. Its Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals keep our heart pumping and our blood pressure low. It is an easy food to cook, requiring little preparation and, in most cases, done in less than 30 minutes. It is almost impossible to make a bad dish with fish unless, of course, the fish itself has been contaminated.
“With the recent environmental disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, which was formally known to produce quality fish, particularly shellfish, fish lovers now question the safety of the fish coming from the Gulf. Do we believe the government agencies that maintain the fish from the Gulf is safe or do we stop buying, adding to the sorry economic state of the Gulf fishermen’s woes, who are just recovering from Hurricane Katrina?”
— From Is Eating Fish as Healthy as It Used to Be? by Virginia DiBianca
“Climate change, or global warming as it is often referred to, has been a hot button issue in recent years. It has dominated the environmental arena, and has even played a role in the political spectrum, as Democrats and Republicans hold very different ideas about the phenomenon. There is a lot of conflicting information about this so-called global warming and the process of weeding through all of it to separate fact from fiction can seem overwhelming. The truth of the matter is, depending upon who you ask, you will likely get a very different interpretation of climate change, its causes, its effects, and what it ultimately means for you and me.
“Climate change, or global warming, is certainly a very complex issue with a myriad of facts, data, and evidence from a host of different organizations to take into account. But these are the bare-bone facts of the situation. There is evidence to support hundreds of thousands of years of constantly changing climate situations on our planet. But there is also hard proof that humans have, if nothing else, sped the process up a significant amount. It is really up to each citizen of the planet Earth to make their own decision about climate change and make their day-to-day choices accordingly.”
— From Climate Change: A Complex Issue with Clashing Points of View by Lindsey de Stefan
“Jeff Genser, a Suffern native, pleaded to the council about flood issues. He stated, ‘You’re proposing to eliminate 100 acres of flood plain, and turn it from a pervious area to an impervious. And that is unacceptable, in my opinion.’ He went on to propose his own idea for what could be built on the flood plain next to the Ramapo River, a Vertical Farm. ‘A building could be constructed that could supply food to half of Bergen County…use all the water it comes into [from the river], over and over again, and have no pollution and environmental impact.’ The idea seemed to stir no interest by the council.
“Many individuals mentioned how the mall would impact the surrounding community. Some were frustrated over the idea of Stag Hill residents being stranded in an emergency situation, being that the only access road to their community would become a constant point of traffic and congestion. Retired resident Ron Whalberg asked the council, ‘At what point do we stop endangering future generations?’”
— From A Changed Mahwah by Graig Mihok
“It is a race against time for a fading era of American heroes who served their country and feel they were poisoned by their government. It is a race against time for the Vietnamese people suffering from health conditions and birth defects. The U.S. government is left with a choice. It can accept responsibility and dedicate itself to all who suffered from the Agent Orange spraying campaigns, or it can wait for the end of an era. It can hope for the best that history will forget. The natural environment and the lives it gracefully sustains are in serious danger.
“For Agent Orange investigator Fred Wilcox, justice is yet to be done. ‘The government can start by saying sorry,’ he said.”
— From War After the War: The Environmental Assault of Agent Orange by Dan Savino
“Consumers seem to be paying attention to what they eat more and more. It is too soon to prove whether GM seeds, crops and foods will hurt or help us, but staying informed and questioning claims for will help to insure our safety. Big corporations own the rights to a very crucial part of the food chain. Urging others to ask questions, voice opinions and challenge tests is incredibly important. Food and its nutrients are what help us survive. As consumers and as humans we have the right to take control over the products we use daily.”
— From Genetically Modified Food: What Does it Mean for You and Your Kitchen? by Lorraine Metz
“Some say it’s just a coincidence; that it would take years, if not decades, for us to see any change in prices if we started drilling. Experts say that the process of actually obtaining the oil, refining it, dispersing it, and using it takes an extreme amount of time and money, so that we wouldn’t see any relief in the near future. The Energy Information Association found that increased drilling would have a very small, if any, impact before 2030. They also found that even once the oil starts flowing, it would only bring in about 0.2 million barrels per day.
“Others argue that just by lifting a ban on drilling, it would influence the market to lower prices. This is what seemingly happened between 2008 and 2010 with President Bush’s decision. However, other economists argue that the oil industry is part of a global market and since the United States would only be contributing less than one million barrels per day, it wouldn’t do much for the prices. How would one explain what happened after Bush’s decision? The theory of supply and demand seems pretty fitting, which would directly benefit us in this situation.”
— From To Drill or Not to Drill? Offshore Oil Drilling and How it Can Affect You by Brittany Shann
“’Many residents have told me they don’t trust DuPont or the NJ DEP. They think DuPont is covering up pollution and DEP is rubber stamping inadequate DuPont cleanup plans,’ says Bill Wolfe, former planner and policy analyst for the state Department of Environmental Protection and former policy director of Sierra Club’s New Jersey Chapter.
“’They are frustrated by the slow pace of cleanup, angry for not being told about vapor intrusion, and disgusted by repeated failures by local and state officials to provide full information and allow them to have a meaningful role in cleanup decisions that affect their lives, their family’s health, and their property value,’ he says.”
— From DuPont: Pompton Lakes Site Still a Source of Conflict After 25-Year Clean Up by Deanna Dunsmuir
“Some fluctuations in the Earth’s temperature are inevitable regardless of human activity, but centuries of rising temperatures and seas lie ahead if the release of emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation continues unabated, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The panel shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore for alerting the world to warming’s risks.
“Over the next decade, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plans to regulate sources of greenhouse gases, imposing efficiency and emissions requirements. Until the UNFCCC starts taking action on a global scale, it seems that countering global warming and climate change is up to the people’s smaller actions and lifestyle changes. Maybe then those with the greater power will see that we are prepared for much bigger, even drastic changes.”
— From Global Warming: Small Steps Towards Conquering a Big Threat by Jessica Vasquez
“A tract of twenty-two acres of forest named after the former Governor of New Jersey, George Brinton McClellan, was purchased a few years ago by Seton Hall Prep School of West Orange, New Jersey. The school’s plan’s to clear the old growth forest rippled through the community and neighboring towns and has caused many concerns. For two years, town residents and students attended zoning board hearings to voice their opinion on the proposed clear cutting. …
“The Mallangas, both active members of the Sierra Club, also brought in Bruce Kershner. Kershner is a field ecologist who is also a national authority on old growth forests and took a survey of the 22 acres of trees. He identified the trees and expressed the historical and biological value of the forest. Board members attacked his testimony claiming that the use of the term ‘old growth forest’ can not be used if he cannot tell the exact age of the trees. They repeatedly interrupted him during his testimony to ask him for credentials and if he had a background in studying and observing old growth forests. Kershner has studied old growth forests for over 30 years all over the country, but that did not seem like a sufficient enough background for the zoning board members.”
— From Seton Hall Prep Clear Cuts Our Future by Amanda Nesheiwat
(This article was also posted at EarthAirWater, Earth Legacy, and Ramapo Lookout.)
Articles written by Jan Barry
Tags: Agent Orange, climate change, Earth, environment, projects, students
Categories: Education, News, Science | Comments (0) | Home
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The four corners of the food crisis
Population growth,rising affluence,energy policy and climate change – these are the “four corners” of the food crisis
Key Stage Four,
Case study,
Article,
Arguably one of the most important geography in the news stories of 2008 is “The Food Crisis”, because it has already touched so many people’s lives.
Global food prices are being driven upwards by a series of inter-connected factors.
Population growth, rising affluence, energy policy and climate change – these are the “four corners” of the food crisis, a serious state of affairs leading to escalating prices and a growing shortage of food for many of the world’s poorest people.
In the Members' Area:
Four corners of the food crisis
Food riots and rising prices
Malthus revisited
A Level practice essay question
The World Bank estimates food prices have on average risen by 83% over three years. The price of rice – a staple for billions of people - has risen by three-quarters over the past year, that of wheat by 130%.
In Bangladesh, 50,000 households need emergency food aid following the rice price rise. China has put price controls on cooking oil, grain, meat, milk and eggs while in the UK, the price of pasta has risen by 80%.
There have been protests against high prices in Guinea, Egypt, Morocco, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, Uzbekistan, Senegal, Haiti, Bolivia and Indonesia.
How can all of this be explained? It must be stressed at the outset that the causes are complex and are not simply due to changes in crop yields. On the contrary, at 2.1 billion tonnes, the global grain harvest broke all records last year - it beat the previous year's by almost 5%. “There is plenty of food. It is just not reaching human stomachs. Of the 2.13bn tonnes likely to be consumed this year, only 1.01bn, according to the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation, will feed people.” (The Guardian, 15 April 2008). In fact, there are four key factors to consider, summarised in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Four corners of the food crisis
Population growth and change With world population growing at 78 million a year, there are always more mouths to feed. By mid-century, numbers will reach 9 billion. But this in itself is not enough to explain a food shortage as crop production is also growing – for instance, according to the World Bank, global maize production grew by 51 million tonnes between 2004 and 2007. However, much of this gain was soaked up by other crop uses, mainly increased dairy and meat production along with biofuel manufacture.
Rising affluence (increased meat and dairy demands)Growing numbers of people want more food than they used to, especially meat and dairy products. As a result, 760 million tonnes of grain will be used to feed animals - which could cover the global food deficit 14 times (The Guardian, 15 April 2008). “If you care about hunger,” says one Guardian journalist, “eat less meat.”
Thanks to the inefficient way food chains work, animals use up a lot of converted biomass energy roaming around, defecating and respiring. Beef cattle eat about 8kg of grain or meal for every kilogram of flesh they produce; a kilogram of battery-reared chicken needs just 2kg of feed (but this introduces new ethical concerns). With meat consumption starting to take-off in the BRICS (Brazil Russia China and India), less grains and cereals are left to be sold as food on global markets to people in poorer nations.
UK government new chief scientific adviser Professor John Beddington explains that development and increasing wealth are adding to the food crisis. “Once you move to [an income of] between £1 a day and £5 a day you get an increase in demand for meat and dairy products ... and that generates a demand for additional grain.” (The Guardian, 07 March 2008).
About 2.7 billion people in the world currently live on less than £1 a day. As more of them are lifted out of poverty, as seems to be occurring in Asia and South America, grain demand can be expected to rise steeply to meet the expanding needs of meat producers. At present there are juts 350 million households worldwide living on £8,000 a year. That is projected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2030 (The Guardian, 07 March 2008). On the one hand, this is great news – but will there be enough food resources to go around, if more people want to eat greater amounts of meat?
Energy policy By many estimates, the moment of peak oil production is almost here and supplies will soon start to decline. Many nations are concerned with their future energy security and want to find alternatives to oil and gas. Climate change science tells us that we need to reduce our carbon footprint in any case, and that reduced dependency on fossil fuels should be a priority.
There are thus many reasons why world production of biofuels is rising rapidly (this is fuel derived from plant sources, such as ethanol). Indeed, American cars already burn 114 million tonnes of corn each year – enough to cover the import needs of 82 nations classified by the US as “low-income food-deficit countries” (New Statesman, 21 April 2008).
The Earth Policy Institute believes that land turned over to biofuels in the US over the last two years would have met the average grain needs of 250 million people (The Guardian, 05 April 2008). Meanwhile, the EU has set ambitious targets for its member states to switch from conventional oil to greater use of biofuels.
Criticising such moves, government adviser Professor John Beddington has argued that the global rush to grow biofuels is compounding the food supply problem, and is, in many cases, “profoundly stupid” (The Guardian, 07 March 2008). But unless plans change, biofuel production is due to increase hugely in the next 15 years.
The US alone plans to produce 30 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022. A recent confidential World Bank report has stated that biofuels have forced global food prices up by 75% - far more than previously estimated. The figure emphatically contradicts the US government's claims that plant-derived fuels contribute less than 3% to food-price rises (The Guardian 04 July 2008).
Climate change Weather plays a major role in current food supply problems. Recently, Cylone Nargis devastated crops in Burma – and increased high-intensity cyclonic activity may very well be one symptom of climate change on account of higher sea temperatures. Droughts in southern Africa and Australia wiped out crops in 2007 and the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate change) expects food production to decline in low-latitude regions near the equator; some rain-fed crop yields could decline as much as 50 percent by 2020.
Can things get better?
Recommendations have recently been made that the EU scrap its goal of having 10 per cent of transport fuel made from biofuels by 2020. “Europe’s well-meaning rush to biofuels… created a harmful ripple of effects, including deforestation is South-east Asia and higher prices for grain” according to one viewpoint (New York Times, 03 March 2008).
However, biofuels are only a part of the food supply equation. Climate change-related food supply problems are more or less certain to get worse, with last year recording one of the highest annual increases in CO2 levels on record (The Guardian, 13 May 2008).
Meanwhile, there is no sign of the “Asian miracle” running out of steam, with both Chinese and Indian economies still growing at around 10% per annum, producing more and more affluent consumers with each passing month.
The prognosis for world hunger is therefore not good. Genetically modified crops might be one solution to the problem – but these have proved highly controversial and not everyone agrees with their use (The Observer, 27 April 2008).
Figure 1 Rising food prices in the UK since 2007
The Daily Mail Cost of Living Index
Figure 2 2008: the year of food riots
Impacts of the food crisis
Thousands of demonstrators in Mahalla el-Kobra loot shops and throw bricks at police during protests at rising food prices and low salaries. The military have been put to work baking bread.
At least four people killed in the southern city of Les Cayes after food prices rise 50 per cent in the past year
Police injure more than ten protesters as several hundred demonstrators demand government action to curb food prices
Riots last four days and result in at least 40 deaths and 1,600 arrests. Unrest is due to high fuel and food prices, with soya prices rising by 125% since last year.
At least four people killed and 100 injured following fuel price rises
Five days of rioting and a hundred arrests after the price of wheat doubled over two months.
...and also in Mauritania, Bolivia, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Burkina Faso, Pakistan Senegal and Uzbekistan. World Food Programme officials say 33 countries in Asia and Africa face political instability on account of food shortages.
(Source: New Statesman, The Guardian & New York Times)
Thomas Malthus’ An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) argued that:
In the absence of checks, human population can potentially grow geometrically, for instance doubling in size every twenty-five years
Production from the land can, at best, increase at an arithmetic rate, for instance climbing more slowly by the regular intervals
After a century, the population: food ratio could potentially reach 16:5
Lack of food is thus the principal check to population growth: a positive check will be brought about by famine, disease and war
Negative (preventive) checks can, however, be introduced as the ceiling to growth approaches (including later age of marriage or sexual abstinence)
Malthus was the first writer to recognise the importance of the ceiling to growth which may exist; he argued that there is a fixed carrying capacity for every environment.
Two Twentieth Century texts by the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth (1972) and Beyond the Limits (1991), argued that the world was approaching a point where a Malthusian positive check to further growth seemed inevitable when viewed globally. Is the latest “food crisis” evidence that Club of Rome – and before them, Malthus – might have the correct viewpoint?
Not necessarily. First and foremost, we should remember one key fact – that more grain crops were grown worldwide last year than ever before (2.1 billion tonnes). Further increases in world population could easily be supported by existing grain yields (which are themselves still growing each year by 0.5%).
The shortages currently experienced by some societies have more complex origins than simply being a product of the number of people alive on the planet. For instance, 100 million tonnes of food will be diverted this year to feed cars as biofuel. The World Bank has recently pointed out that “the grain required to fill the tank of a sports utility vehicle with ethanol ... could feed one person for a year” (The Guardian, 15 April 2008).
Finally, the shift in Asian diets towards meat and dairy further complicates the population-resources relationship – as incomes of people, rather than just subsistence-level numbers, now need to be taken into account. Clearly, there is no shortage of factors at work in the modern world that complicate the Malthusian growth model.
A Level study tips
“Well-being = Resources ÷ Population.” Discuss.
This essay question was first asked on an A-level paper in the 1980s and is still worth giving students to tackle today - perhaps more so than ever, given the multiple complexities of the food crisis, all of which lend a perfect “synoptic” slant to the task. Critical thinking should be applied to this rather simple equation that models overpopulation “ills” according to a simple Malthusian ratio. Implicit is the assumption that social well-being – perhaps measured by the absence of famine and illness – depends upon a simple equitable division of resources.
However, as the rest of this article has shown, demands differ between income groups according to their dietary demands. Also, the political context of the biofuels debate – and the diversion of food resources to produce motor fuel for people who are already well-fed - needs to be explored.
Finally, there is scope to investigate the moral or spiritual dimension of well-being. Recent work on “the geography of happiness” could be incorporated into the essay to great effect.
New Economics Foundation Happy Planet Index
BBC video on Bhutan (where the government promotes happiness)
BBC report on 2006 University of Leicester survey
UK geography teachers’ happiness project (supported by RBS-IBG)
This article is written by Dr Simon Oakes, a Principal Examiner in A-level geography for both 2008 and existing (legacy) courses.
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Thousands of Kiwis Needlessly Suffering Incontinence in Silence
(PR.co.nz) Hundreds of thousands of New Zealanders over the age of 15 are suffering from some form of incontinence, costing the country billions of dollars every year.
According to the New Zealand Continence Association, there are more than 600,000 Kiwis over the age of 15 with urinary or bowel incontinence, or both. It is estimated that by 2030, as the population ages, one in four New Zealanders will have some form of incontinence.
Economically, incontinence costs New Zealand $8.05 billion each year in health costs, lost productivity, care and other indirect costs.
But the number of people with a bowel or bladder weakness and the cost on society needn’t be that high.
Jan Zander, Chief Executive of the New Zealand Continence Association, says people are most at risk of bladder and bowel problems if they are pregnant, ever had a baby, experienced menopause or had prostrate problems.
But with the right help, the symptoms can be managed, she says.
“Incontinence can have a huge effect on a person’s quality of life and unfortunately there’s a misconception that it can’t be treated, but that’s not the case at all,” says Mrs Zander.
“Bladder and bowel issues won’t go away on their own, but treated properly many people notice a significant improvement in their lives.”
Renowned international physiotherapist Michelle Kenway agrees, and says unfortunately the thousands of Kiwis suffering from incontinence are doing so in silence.
She says often people don’t seek professional help and advice because they have been led to believe that incontinence can’t be treated.
“In a lot of cases it can be effectively treated, and in many cases cured, with the right kind of exercise,” says the author of Inside Out, a complete guide to safe pelvic floor exercise, which is receiving international acclaim.
“Some exercises can detrimentally affect the pelvic floor, which is why it’s so important to seek professional advice rather than going at it alone,” she adds.
Lisa Yates, a New Zealand physiotherapist with a special interest in continence and women’s health, says more education on incontinence and how it can be managed and treated is desperately needed.
“Despite the fantastic work of the New Zealand Continence Association, I believe there is still a lack of education in New Zealand, which has been compounded by funding cuts. The fact that bowel or bladder weakness isn’t a terminal illness or a disease means that it’s not a high priority for many district health boards,” she says.
“Incontinence doesn’t discriminate. There are over 60,000 women in New Zealand every year that have babies and one in every three will end up leaking urine and one in two with some form of prolapse. Many women with minor prolapse will have no idea.”
For more information, visit www.continence.org.nz or www.pelvicexercises.com.au.
Media Release 3 November 2011.
Submitted November 3rd, 2011
Regions & Categories: Health, New Zealand
Help For Thousands of New Zealanders Suffering in Silence
Newly funded iodine only tablet to meet unmet need
New Neonatal Unit (NICU) for Dunedin Hospital
Auckland-based referral agency Urban Care partners up with ACC to better serve the Kiwi community
New Regional Trauma System at Waikato Hospital
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Jay-Z speaks on Rita Ora’s appeal w/ MTV [Video]
|By Max-El
MTV is slowly trickling out their extended sit-down with Jay-Z at Monday’s “Made In America” press conference, and the latest morsel features the Roc Nation head discussing the appeal of his latest signee, London’s own Rita Ora.
Before Rob Markman even posed his question, Jay made it a point to acknowledge that Ora is already on her second #1 single with “R.I.P.” having topped the UK charts this week. He’s obviously a proud CEO — which is no surprise considering that “R.I.P.” is also the UK’s fastest-selling single of the year — and explained what it is about the 21-year-old singer that makes her so appealing.
“She wanted it so bad. You could just feel the excitement and energy when she walks in the room,” he said. “She’s one of those people that, if you were in the position [to], you’d say, ‘I wanna help her get her dream out.'”
Ora’s as-yet-untitled debut LP (which she calls a “free album with no boundaries”) is currently in progress.
Jay-Z mtv Pop Rita Ora uk
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Oh, no man knows / Through what wild centuries / Roves back the rose
The Dance of the Visions
Dance of the Visions 1.0
The Cycle of Fashion
The Saga of Chaos and Holism
Emerging Visions
Deep Prehistory
Deep Prehistory 1.0
The Roots of Civilization
Higher Knowledge
The Wall that Jon Stewart Builds Around Himself
Cory Panshin on November 16, 2010
The Daily Show’s Jon Stewart has been a beacon of sanity for many of us over the last decade, but since his official Rally to Restore Sanity two weeks ago, some of the luster seems to have worn off.
Last Thursday, Stewart appeared with MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow to explain why he had concluded the rally by characterizing MSNBC as the liberal equivalent of the far-right wingnuts at Fox News. I didn’t watch the interview, however.
I had been more than a bit disheartened that instead of the rally achieving mythic reconciliation with Stephen Colbert’s simultaneous March to Keep Fear Alive, as I had hoped, it had simply turned Colbert into a cardboard villain and melted him. That unconvincing triumph over the shadow self was what led up to Stewart delivering the plea for civility and moderation that included a false equivalence between MSNBC and Fox.
In the aftermath, I agreed with those who described the rally as no more than an extended episode of The Daily Show — the comedic equivalent of 1979’s Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Or perhaps not even that good, because it seemed as though Stewart had missed a crucial opportunity to take on a larger cultural role and there would be no second chance to get it right with his own Wrath of Khan.
I would discover, however, that Stewart had not merely missed the chance but had actively avoided it.
Immediately following the Maddow interview, the left blogosphere lit up with pained descriptions of Stewart’s self-justification as falling somewhere between lame and an active betrayal of his own audience. I mentioned this in chatting on IM with my son Toby, and he immediately hied himself off to YouTube and came back a few hours later to say, “I just got done watching the Jon Stewart interview, and I wanted to share my one thought. … Basically the point is that Jon Stewart resists understanding his own role in the universe.”
“He sees the news people reporting the news,” Toby explained, “and the commentators commenting, and then he sees himself at a level separate from that, doing satire and making fun of both of the others. And he fails to see — or actively resists seeing — that he is himself a commentator. He rejects the fact that he and his show in some way influences the national dialog and the way we look at ourselves. And I think that’s his limit. That’s a wall that he builds around himself.”
That seemed acutely observed, and my first reaction was that “it goes along with the whole hipster ironic detachment thing. Stewart isn’t a hipster himself, but he’s the perfect comedian for an era of hipsterism.”
I’ve been trying for a while to figure out the current species of hipster, and I can’t say I’ve made very much progress. My best understanding is that they’re people who are disgusted with the prevailing order of things but who also maintain a sneaking suspicion that anything they could champion as an alternative will carry with it an odor of white middle-class inauthenticity. This ties them up in knots and means that anything they do has a air of “I’m only pretending” about it.
It may also be that they’re so afraid of seeming uncool that they’re unable to throw themselves wholeheartedly into the sort of benign obsessions that any geek would be able to enjoy without reservations.
In any case, these latter-day hipsters seem very comparable to the Hollywood hipsters of the late 50’s and early 60’s, whose laid-back cool reflected an attitude of the moment that was shunted aside as the culture entered a new phase of passionate engagement.
But there’s another aspect to Stewart’s style of detached mockery that can’t simply be explained as quasi-hipster irony.
Some months ago, I wrote about the rejection during the 1960’s of the old faith in objective “scientific” knowledge — and how that led to a widespread cynicism about the possibility of being certain about anything, but also to a new standard of knowledge as grounded in participation rather than detachment. And I pointed to the leading-edge comedians of the 1970’s, like John Belushi and Andy Kaufman, as examples of this participatory approach applied to humor.
The same dichotomy is still very much with us, and it illuminates the difference between Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert. Stewart is the eternal skeptic, but Colbert — who maintains his assumed persona as a right-wing commentator even when testifying before Congress — is the direct heir of Belushi and Kaufman. That is why Colbert’s comic persona has a kind of shimmer to it, a can’t-put-your-finger-on-it other-dimensionality, that Stewart’s lacks.
But there’s also another limitation to Stewart’s self-image, which came out strongly in a brief exchange during the Maddow interview that Toby pointed me to.
“The one thing I don’t have that you have is the ability to really do something about it,” Stewart says to Maddow, referring to politics. “You’re in the game.”
“You’re in the game too,” Maddow replies. “We’re in the same game.”
“I don’t think so,” Stewart insists. “I think you’re in a better game than I’m in. … You’re on the playing field and I’m in the stands yelling things. … That rally — I could have gotten on the field. And people got mad that I didn’t. But that was the point.”
“That rally was to deflate a bubble and to do what I think satire does best,” Stewart continues. “In a weird way it’s idealistic, but it’s impotent. The next thing I could do is step onto the field and go, ‘Now here’s what we’re going to do, people.’ But I don’t.”
And a few seconds later he adds, somewhat oddly, “There is no honor in what I do but I do it as honorably as I can.”
My immediate reaction to Stewart’s remarks was that he seemed to think starting a mass movement was the only possible alternative to laying back and taking potshots from the stands. And meanwhile Maddow was saying no, if you’re having an influence on people you’re already on the playing field.
But then I was reminded again of stuff that I’ve blogged in the last few months. In August, I suggested that the democracy vision — the vision of society that is now failing — has seen meaningful power as inherent only in official government institutions and not in individuals. Pressure groups may attempt to influence official policy in various ways, but there is no autonomous source of outside power.
Stewart clearly shares that vision, which is why he sees himself as not being “in the game” and describes what he does as “idealistic but … impotent.” Within the terms of the democracy vision, deliberate impotence may be the only way to remain an honorable outsider.
But Maddow is more attuned to the new concept of things that is now coming into focus. In that same August entry, I described the emerging vision of society as resembling “a relationship map consisting of a set of colored circles of various sizes connected by criss-crossing lines [in which] social groups and individuals are free to form a flexible and ever-evolving web of relationships with one another, unconstrained by any kind of central authority.”
Maddow knows herself to be an important node in that extra-governmental system — but whether he recognizes it or not, so is Stewart.
This new vision of society — which I have been describing as “multiculturalism,” although it is far broader than the usual meaning of that term — is participatory in a way that the old one was not. In it, we are no longer merely citizens, or voters, or consumers. Like participants in a roleplaying game, who are simultaneously authors, actors, and audience, we now play all the parts at once.
Like Colbert’s participatory comedy, multiculturalism draws upon the example of the holism vision to conceive of society as a system which is defined by its members and not by its supposed rulers. And that is something we desperately need at the present moment.
As our own self-appointed rulers amass more and more wealth and power and grow increasingly out of touch with the needs of the other 98%, we can no longer depend on elections or even organized pressure groups to constrain their greed and ambition. The only recourse we have left may be to define them out of existence — to identify them as damage to the system and route around them.
And as long as Jon Stewart fails to understand this, as long as he is unable to recognize that everyone with a voice is equally in the game, all he will be able to do is lay back and take potshots from the stands.
It’s rapidly becoming a “Mr. Jones” moment — and Stewart, unfortunately, is the one who doesn’t know what’s happening.
A listing of all my posts on the emerging counterculture can be found here.
A general overview of the areas of interest covered at this blog can be found here.
A chronological listing of all entries at this blog, with brief descriptions, can be found here.
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Categories: Dance of the Visions
You've reached the blog of Cory Panshin, where I explore the underlying patterns of history, myth, and cultural change.
Older essays on these and related subjects can be found at my website and at my husband Alexei's The Abyss of Wonder.
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Cardinals sign offensive lineman Beachum to 1-year deal
TEMPE, Ariz. (AP) The Arizona Cardinals have signed offensive lineman Kelvin Beachum to a one-year deal.
The 31-year-old Beachum is an eight-year veteran who played the last three seasons with the New York Jets. He started all 45 games he played at left tackle. The 6-foot-3, 308-pounder began his career with Pittsburgh, playing four seasons for the Steelers at left and right tackle. He also played one year in Jacksonville.
Beachum provides more depth for the Cardinals' offensive line. They recently signed starting left tackle D.J. Humphries to a long-term deal but the right tackle spot could be open. Last year's starter Justin Murray returns, but he'll potentially have competition from several players, including veteran Marcus Gilbert, rookie Josh Jones and Beachum.
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Club Drug Rehab Dallas
Parent Category: Metro
Category: Dallas Drug Rehab
Written by Stop Admin
As Dallas youth gets high in the club area residents feel the desperate need for club drug rehab.
Club drugs include MDMA (ecstasy), GHB and its analogs, ketamine, LSD, and Rohypnol; the hallucinogen PCP; and several prescription painkillers are being abused in Dallas. Various criminal groups transport club drugs into Dallas, Texas via private vehicles, commercial aircraft, couriers on foot (crossing the U.S.-Mexico border), and package delivery services. An immediate solution to the problem is needed here and club drug rehab may be the answer.
Club drugs consist of illicit drugs that are commonly diverted and used at dance clubs and raves. These drugs are increasingly being used in suburban and rural areas throughout Dallas. Club drugs are a major concern among law enforcement and health professionals in Dallas, Texas, who report increasing availability, use and addiction. MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, is the most popular abused club drug in Dallas. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as Adam, ecstasy, XTC, E, and X, is a stimulant and low-level hallucinogen. MDMA, sometimes called the hug drug, reportedly helps users to become more "in touch" with others and "opens channels of communication." However, abuse of the drug can cause confusion, depression, sleeplessness, anxiety, and paranoia. Negative physical effects can also result, including muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. MDMA abuse can also cause a marked increase in body temperature leading to muscle breakdown, kidney failure, cardiovascular system failure, stroke, or seizure as reported in some fatal cases. Addiction treatment is needed as our youth battles club drug addiction in Dallas.
Throughout the 1990s high energy, all-night dances known as raves, which feature techno music and flashing laser lights, increased in popularity among teens and young adults. Raves typically occur in permanent dance clubs or temporary weekend event sites set up in abandoned warehouses, open fields, empty buildings, or civic centers. MDMA is one of the most popular drugs distributed at raves. Rave managers often sell water, pacifiers, and glow sticks at rave parties. "Ravers" require water to offset dehydration caused by MDMA abuse; use pacifiers to avoid grinding their teeth--a common side effect of MDMA abuse; and wave glow sticks in front of their eyes because MDMA stimulates light perception. As teen club drug abuse continues to rise, club drug rehab is needed in Dallas to battle this plague amongst our youth.
Another club drug that is prevelant in Dallas is Rohypnol (flunitrazepam), also called roofies, rophies, Roche, and the forget-me pill, belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which also includes Valium, Klonopin, Halcion, Xanax, and Versed. Rohypnol is odorless, tasteless, and dissolves completely in liquid. It produces sedative-hypnotic effects, including muscle relaxation and amnesia, and can cause physiological and psychological dependence. Rohypnol often is used in the commission of drug-facilitated sexual assault because of its sedative properties. The effects of Rohypnol can impair or incapacitate a victim for 8 to 12 hours, and are exacerbated by the use of alcohol. As the violence associated with the use of this drug increases so does the need for effective club drug rehab.
LSD, also known as acid, boomers, and yellow sunshine, is a hallucinogen that induces abnormalities in sensory perceptions. The effects of LSD are unpredictable depending upon the amount taken, the environment in which it is abused, and the abuser\s personality, mood, and expectations. Abusers may feel the immediate effects for up to 12 hours. The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, nausea, numbness, weakness, insomnia, dry mouth, and tremors. Although LSD is less of a threat to the area the need for club drug rehab remains a high priority.
Narconon Arrowhead, one of the world's largest and most effective drug rehabilitation and education programs can help. We offer free addiction counseling, free assessments, and referrals to your community. To locate a Dallas drug rehab or find out information about drug abuse contact Narconon Arrowhead by calling 1-800-468-6933 or via email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
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Utah Historical Markers
Making Utah History one Marker at a Time
List of Markers
Author Archives: Maverick Stoedter
Camp Tracy
Published May 1, 2019 / by Maverick Stoedter / Leave a Comment
Camp Tracy historical marker
Written by Maverick Stoedter
Placed by: Great Salt Lake Council, Boy Scouts of America.
GPS Coordinates: 40° 41’ 38” N, 111° 45’ 2” W
Historical Marker Text:
“Because of his love of boys and their love of the great outdoors this large area was given to the Boy Scouts of the Salt Lake Council by Alvin V. Taylor May 21, 1918 as a perpetual campsite.”
Extended Research:
Nestled in the Wasatch mountains, Camp Tracy has benefited tens of thousands of scouts and provided valuable access to fundamental life skills and a basis for further learning. For over a century, scouts have enjoyed a host of activities meant to enrich them, such as hiking, snowshoeing, archery, swimming, and team building exercises. Generations of Scouts at Camp Tracy have told harrowing tales into the night, turning tradition into history.
Camp Tracy was made possible by the philanthropic efforts of many. Alvin V. Taylor, president of several mining companies, used his fortune generated from Utah’s booming mining industry to invest in the scouting community. In the spring of 1918, Alvin V. Taylor generously gifted an 1100-acre tract of land in the Mill Creek Canyon known as the Taylor Flat to the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake. [1] Two years later, on May 14th, 1920, a formal ceremony took place at a scout jamboree. [2] During this ceremony, the campground was officially christened, “Camp Alvin V. Taylor.” It was presented to Robert C. Gemmell, chairman of the scout council, who would then transfer it to the scouts.[3] It became the first permanent scout camp for the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake.
The camp had been constructed for a number of cultural and political purposes. It provided a rapidly growing urban population of Boy Scouts in the Salt Lake Valley a nearby campground in the Wasatch mountains where scout leaders could help boys grow into men. The rapid urbanization of the early twentieth century had changed the traditional rural upbringing of white, young men in the United States. The Boy Scouts emerged in 1910 as a powerful cultural and political force to aid in the crafting of white masculinity.[4] The Boy Scouts of America’s nature-based programs offered urban youth opportunities similar to that of rural apprenticeships. It sought to instill positive, manly characteristics that would help scout age boys become successful leaders in society. [5]
Tracy wigwam
Camp Alvin V. Taylor thrived for a variety of reasons. The campground had been well received by the community; local newspapers boasted of the Scouts’ enthusiasm and recognized it as a dream come true for the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake. Across the valley, Scouts were eager to engage in feats of skill, scout tests, and sports of every sort. [6] The camp presented an enormous opportunity for growth within the Boy Scout community. It caught the attention of the charitable, Russel L. Tracy, president of the Tracy Loan and Trust company. Tracy graciously financed the construction of the $10,000 “Wigwam”, a lodge that measured 35 by 70 feet. It had the capacity to accommodate 100 scouts and quickly became known as the canyon home of the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake. Taken from Indian lore, Wigwam signified a council of representatives that met to discuss the values in which they strive to live. Tracy presented the lodge to the Boy Scout council of Salt Lake at the Chamber of Commerce, December 7th, 1923. [1]
Sign entering Camp Tracy
Tracy encouraged all scouts to make use of the wigwam. In the year 1924, membership in the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake council had swelled more than any year. There were 135 Scout troops with a total membership of 2,520.[6] During this time, the wigwam was accommodating 30-50 scouts every weekend. Camp volunteers were often members of the LDS church and dedicated to furthering scouting.[7] Russel L. Tracy passed away in 1945. In his will, he re-affirmed continued financial support to the campground that had been centered around his wigwam. Camp Alvin V. Taylor was often referred to as the Mill Creek camp and was later renamed Camp Tracy.
By the year 1945, Camp Tracy was considered a fine, all-year camp, with superb facilities, and worth many thousands of dollars.[8] Due to the generosity of Russel L. Tracy and Alvin V. Taylor, the camp cost nothing to the Boy Scouts of the Salt Lake Council. In addition, several businesses and individuals took it upon themselves to maintain the quality of the facility by supplying required materials and funds. By 1945, in addition to the wigwam, 11 additional buildings had been constructed as well as toilet facilities and an outdoor pool. During World War 2, Camp Tracy was used to rehabilitate injured war veterans. [8] Camp Tracy has always been accessible to scouts regardless of social status; the low cost and nearby location proved itself to be a valuable asset to the Boy Scouts of Salt Lake. The campground continues to contribute to the scouting tradition, creating history in the process.
[1] Boy Scout “Wigwam” Is Finished Gift of Russel L. Tracy Accepted Scouts’ Faces Wreathed in Smiles. (1923, December 7). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6795cdm
[2]Scout Jambouree Includes mystery. (1920, May 14). Salt Lake Herald, p. 16. Retrieved March 13, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6ks7xgt/10348841
[3] Christening for Boy Scout Camp. (1920, May 14). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6th9v2s/19134748
[4]Jordan, Benjamin René. 2016. Modern Manhood and the Boy Scouts of America: Citizenship, Race, and the Environment, 1910-1930. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1074884&site=ehost-live.
[5] Produces Interest S. L. Scouts. (1924, December 19). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 13, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pg30pn/16023982
[6] Scouts Duplicate Robin Hood Stunts. (2019, May 16). Salt Lake Herald- Republican, p. 9. Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b86f2x/10349246
[7]Frederick S. Buchanan, Salt Lake City, Utah: An interview by Everett L. Cooley [Interview by E. L. Cooley]. (1992, December 28). No.434 Frederick S. Buchanan, 57-58. Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b86sbn/793310
[8] Example of Community Enterprise. (1945, August 20). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 4. Retrieved
March 12, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z04hhn/17208983
Primary Sources:
Frederick S. Buchanan, Salt Lake City, Utah: An interview by Everett L. Cooley [Interview by E. L. Cooley]. (1992, December 28). No.434 Frederick S. Buchanan, 57-58. Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b86sbn/793310
Christening for Boy Scout Camp. (1920, May 14). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6th9v2s/19134748
Produces Interest S. L. Scouts. (1924, December 19). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 13, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pg30pn/16023982
Many Boy Scouts Enjoy Advantages of Wigwam. (1924, February 19). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 2. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6st8xkr/15443764
Example of Community Enterprise. (1945, August 20). Salt Lake Telegram, p. 4. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z04hhn/17208983
Scout Jambouree Includes mystery. (1920, May 14). Salt Lake Herald, p. 16. Retrieved March 3, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6ks7xgt/10348841
Secondary Sources:
Scouts Duplicate Robin Hood Stunts. (1920, May 16). Salt Lake Herald- Republican, p. 9. Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b86f2x/10349246
Jordan, Benjamin René. 2016. Modern Manhood and the Boy Scouts of America: Citizenship, Race, and the Environment, 1910-1930. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 2016.
Posted In Boy Scouts of America | early 20th century | Salt Lake County
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2020 election, Antifa, Deep state, Dona;ld Trump, Education
Are the Gas-Lighters Gas-lit Themselves? A Moral Question.
vassar / November 23, 2020
This question has no doubt crossed many of your minds if you’ve watched social media (such as Andy Ngo’s videos of riots in the Pacific northwest) and all sorts of rabid misbehavior by what appears to be “children” who appear to be been aged between 17 and 23. Look over the voluminous pages of mug shots of these characters from the Portland City and Multnomah County Police Departments…
…and know many are from affluent homes while others appear as if they crawled out from under a rock. Still, superficially, there is a glass of sameness to them. We’ve talked about Antifa’s “cannon fodder” several times, and even ventured into the realm of asking what can be done about them without shooting them. (Just search “Antifa” or the 4-part series “Masterplan for America’s Mental Breakdown”, in Aug, 2020.)
What we know is they never stood before a judge, were assigned a lawyer, or even heard charges read. They were simply released once whatever they were on wore off and went home to reminisce on the fun they’d had that day, and ready to come back again.
They are about as aware of what they are doing as Pavlov’s dog.
They are only one form of “gas-lightery”, for there is an even larger, much larger, group of Americans, perhaps as many as 70% of voters, who don’t even know these people and their crimes even exist. That is gas-lighting of another scale.
This is largely the Media’s doing, although it is in concert with men and women in Government and Business who know these are all illusions; manipulating and appeasing and profiting from the combined results of their crimes, hoping that for just long enough, maybe as few as 30 days, no one will notice the “the dog that didn’t bark”, giving their scheme away. Just as Rudy Giuliani and his team will likely soon show the Supreme Court the magnitude of the gaslighting that has taken place and the scale of mathematical improbabilities, perhaps Conan Doyle might have summed it up best in those simple five words in one of his mysteries, that the “absence of a signal can be just as revealing as its presence.”
Of course, since the first week of November, the gas-lighting has turned to the Election, and Big Media controls this narrative. And they are not school kids. We know both Twitter and Facebook are filled with gas-lit true-believers, but we also know they are being cynically being used by manipulators at the top. They are as mindlessly ignorant as the writers at HuffPo, or Antifa street warriors. But at their top levels, at the front offices of Washington Post and New York Times and several more, they are cynically (and criminally) conspiratorial, know that Donald Trump did indeed receive a huge majority of the votes on November 3rd, and know that their very existence as organizations relies on the American public never knowing that they have been gas-lighted, or that they are behind it..
America has been a general target of gas-lighting by the media and that part of government we now call “the deep state” for a very long time. I keep working my timeline back as to how long that period is; from the advent of Obama in 2009, to the advent of Clinton, 1992, including some sterling performances by George W Bush and his ilk, who I still want to believe are Category 1 Gas-lits instead of Category 2 Cynics. Someday a better historian than me can write that history.
I the point I raise here is a moral one, not political.
I want to distinguish between the gas-lit Victim, and their Cynical Appeasers, Profiteers and Manipulators, all described by Ayn Rand in her 1971 essay which I called the “Children of the Damned”. Those gas-lit victims are now in their third generation. The moral dimension is perhaps best described by Dante’s depiction of a Hell with many levels, so that the “gaslit-Victim” in Level 3 Hell, say, a Dennison grad donning an Antifa bandana and a tire chain, the victim of a Sociology prof as well as indulgent parents, who like as not were indifferent to things associated with God, especially a moral universe that created the world in which they gained their wealth in the first place (called “forsaking the shoulders they stand on”)….maybe these victims in Level 3 might at least be offered a wet cloth to wipe their sweaty brows from time to time, while the Cynic Gas-Lighters” in Level 8, just one step away from Satan’s private lair, can find not a moment’s pause from the excoriating pain of a scorching heat that lasts forever. (Imagine sticking you hand on a hot burner on the stove. Remember as best you can the pain and the flick of a second it took you to jerk your hand away and scream in agony, then rushed to the nearest cold faucet, and the cabinet that held the salve and bandages. Now, try to imagine that same heat, that same pain, only you can’t burn up in the flames and end it all since you can’t die because you’re already dead. That is how it will be for the rest of eternity. That pain really is much, much worse than listening to Barry Manilow 24/7. That was how Dante described it, at least….unending torture.
The purpose of gas-lighting is not only to turn average people into mind numbed robots who believed Walter Cronkite loved America as much as they did, but is also aimed at select parts of the population, the better-educated where vanity and self-love is rife, in order to turn them into Haters, Ayn Rand’s target victim-group, especially toward “people not like themselves”, which as any anthropologist can tell you, is the foremost form of self-identification of pagan tribal peoples since the beginning of time. Whether a Stone Age tribe on the Horn of Africa, ancient Mayans in Mexico, a Tri-Delt at Cal-Berkeley, or a member of the Harvard Alumni Association, what binds them all together is that their own self-identification largely depends on the notion that they “aren’t like those other guys”…but much, much better. It runs very, very deep in the soul of Man, so much so, history has been able to define it with a single word:
“French.”
This exclusivity is imbedded in the human psyche. We all have it, but as just mentioned, some have carried it to a high art form. But interestingly, by being Christian, and maybe even Jew or Muslim where they are indigenous to the land, “being American” involves a broader social membership, not smaller. It’s what makes us different. No one looks in the mirror and brags to himself, “I’m part of a club that is 350 million strong!”….unless one first considers that our 350 million are only 4% of the world’s population, which is really very exclusive when you start to list all the things Americans can have, and can aspire to, and chase after, and also say “no” to, that other nations’ people are not allowed to do.
Those Cynics who would take that away, in pursuit of their own selfish niche of exclusivity, must first remove Americans from this special status, and pile us in with the other 96% who more or less go through life inside a state-managed cocoon with very limited doors to improve our station. (See my short piece, “Mafia”, to understand this more fully.)
We’ve seen gaslighting in news media for many years, but only really stopped to notice it in the past 3-4 years, all because of the giant coordinated campaign to get rid of Donald Trump, only not because of just what he might to do to undo large swaths of their power base, but that he seems to have already unlocked a back-door to reattaching government to its people, which could end their plans for generations.
The proof of this is found in a simple comment from the Washington Post in a 2007 review of the film “Idiocracy” and the obvious intent of the Media to insure as a few people as possible see it. The 2006 film, “Idiocracy” is a satire about an “average” soldier who is part of an Army hibernation project and wakes up 500 years later to find an America run by young people in their 20s, and that he is by-far the smartest man alive in this new world.
I can’t recall why I saw it, didn’t even think it was particularly good, but in the past four years I have asked myself why no one has mentioned “Idiocracy” as a template for the mental state of three generations of educational gas-lighting we’re seeing now.
The Washington Post’s review in 2007 was a dead giveaway as to why, “few will be eager to see themselves in the filmmaker’s jaundiced mirror.” WAPO let the cat out of the bag that such a generation already existed in America in 2006. (Financially the film was a flop.)
Ayn Rand described a generation of wealthy spoiled brats at Berkeley who had been able to seize the University of California (but in the name of Freedom of Speech, of all things!), that off-Broadway act moving to Broadway and Columbia University by ’68, alongside a wave of several more campus takeovers, including my own, mostly about the Vietnam War, but also stretching its wings to include “Black Power”, the forerunner of Black Lives Matter.
Our most recent reminder of that sort of “Idiocracy” would have been the culture that bred Christine Blasey-Ford, who would have been 40 years old at that time of its release, and still been a member of Berkeley’s next generation, her teenage remembrances of encounters with Bret Kavanaugh more than 20 years after Berkeley. A boozing teen-doxie at the time, she went on to become a professor at Stanford, her PhD earned with an interesting dissertation, Measuring Young Children’s Coping Responses to Interpersonal Conflict, and also earning her own page on Wikipedia in 2018 (every elitist college grad’s dream). But her barking before the Senate committee of Justice Kavanaugh’s nomination accidentally revealed that very same “dog that didn’t bark”, namely that after 30 years, she could still respond to a secret dog-whistle, as yet undefined, and lie through her teeth on behalf of a sisterhood about an event that never occurred just to destroy one man.
So take a look at those mugshots above because for you may be seeing them again in 40 years, one or two sitting on the Federal Reserve.
Believing one’s own stuff
Jonathan Winters, the famous extemporaneous comedian, in the late 50s or early 60s, checked himself into an asylum for a few weeks. When asked why, Jonathan replied, “I started believing my own stuff.”
Don’t ever ask an idiocrat that.
We are always invoked to forgive the sinner, but we can’t necessarily have much power of persuasion to cause them to repent. You know this. And you also know it is way, way over our paygrade to forgive the sin…which the gas-lighting appeasers, profiteers and manipulators attempt to instill in their victims, that they can forgive themselves, to the point of never having to inquire if they’ve ever done anything wrong in the first place.
The best we can hope for is to demand the original OEM parts our national engine came equipped with be re-installed, and let that world wash their mouths out with soap, or in my case, let the unwritten law of hard knocks break their nose. It’s the best we can do.
But I do believe there is are at least 5-levels of Hell difference between the gas-lit victim, even in the media, deepstate and Congress, and the lover of Satan who seeks only power over others.
It’s just above my paygrade to determine which is which.
Can SCOTUS Throw Out Dominion-Smartmatic and Mail-in Ballots in their Entirety? (Amended 11/20)
Coup Attempt vs Coup Attempt, the Tribunal Trap
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richest female wrestlers 2020
She has also proven to be one of the best female wrestlers in the WWE winning the Women’s Championship on ten occasions.
This article is a list of the 20 richest female rappers, how much they’re worth. Cena rate among 2nd highest paid wrestler in WWE. Taped last week without a live audience in WWE’s training center near Orlando, the show will air Saturday and Sunday, minus the usual pomp and circumstance like the spectacular, stadium-size ring entrances. The daughter of high profile iron-ore explorer Lang Hancock, she’s chaired mining and agriculture company Hancock Prospecting Group since 1992. Likewise, heavyweight boxing champion Tyson Fury, who was. Shares of BMW fell by more than a third since January, helping to push Klatten’s net worth down to $16.8 billion, $4 billion less than a year ago.
Asuka’s annual pay is currently pegged at $350,000, making her the fifth highest-paid WWE Diva right now. She is currently in her second reign as the SmackDown Champion which already holds the record as the longest reign in the SmackDown Brand. Kanako Urai is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to WWE, performing on the Raw brand under the ring name Asuka . The granddaughter of L'Oréal founder Eugène Schueller became France's reigning L'Oreal heiress in 2017 after her mother Liliane Bettencourt, then the world's richest woman, died at age 94. fortune has declined $400 million since last year’s list amid the coronavirus pandemic, as shares of the cosmetics giant dropped 12% in the first two weeks of March. Carmella has proven herself to be bad of a performer winning the SmackDown Championship after cashing in on her Money in the Bank and becoming the first female wrestler to cash in on the famed ladder match. While this might not be the most sensitive thing to say right now, it was a rare public comment from a WWE performer that gives a direct window into what they’ve been making. Becky Lynch celebrating with the Raw and SmackDown women's championship belts after winning both at ... [+] WrestleMania 35. After featuring in several wrestling promotions in Japan, Asuka was signed to the WWE in 2015 on a Developmental Contract and was assigned to the NXT. He was made the squad’s captain from May 2018, prior to the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Forbes used stock prices and exchange rates from March 18, 2020 to calculate the net worths. There are speculations that no female wrestler has gone that long to serve WWE as Natalya. We’ve used figures from Celebrity Net Worth to create this … Having cemented his place in the first team Maguire scored his first goal for the Blades in a 2–0 win at Oldham Athletic on the opening day of the 2011–12 League One season. SmackDown in October 2019. Sheamus -Net worth 2020- $1.3 million; 7. Rebecca Quin, popularly known by her ring name as “Becky Lynch” aka ‘The Man’ is a professional wrestler, who has a net worth of $2 million and currently signed with the WWE Raw brand. He wrestled, 15 matches in 2019—appearing more as a non-wrestling character—and is not a massive merchandise seller, but he turned in the best work of his career during the year. In this article, we take a look at the top-10 highest-paid female WWE wrestlers list as of 2020 and their annual salaries, as revealed by the entertainment company. Ronda Rousey’s annual salary is $2.1 million, making her the second-highest-paid WWE Diva right now. Below are the 20 richest female rappers of all time, as of 2020. “The Man” also moves plenty of merchandise, with her WWE Shop lineup being one of the best-stocked of anyone in the company. They have come a long way since the days of Chyna. Here are the top 10 richest wrestlers in the world (2020): 12. Are you interested how these beautiful WWE Divas earn handsome amount and what are its earnings? Before joining Forbes, I reported for the Hartford Courant and the New Haven Register, covering breaking and local news.
Well, if wrestling is your thing, or you’re just curious, here’s a list of the 25 richest wrestlers in the world. The ten who made the list pulled in a combined $38.5 million before taxes in 2019, up from $30.8 million in 2018, the last time the list was published. WWE’s latest proxy has her making $716,133 in the “other” category that’s mainly wrestling pay, earning $707,534 via two months on a $500,000 per year contract and the rest on a $750,000 guarantee; the $8,599 difference consists of 401(k) and life insurance payments. Goldberg, the legend of WWE’s defunct rival World Championship Wrestling turned ageless real-life superhero, returned after more than two years off for a pair of special attraction matches in 2019. 8. The bigger of the two, a dream match with The Undertaker at Super ShowDown in Saudi Arabia, netted the muscle-bound animal rights activist a reported $2 million one-night payday; the other was a quick night’s work with Dolph Ziggler at SummerSlam. Read on to find out which of your favourite Divas made the list! She is currently signed to WWE on the Raw brand under the ring name Becky Lynch. Another notable newcomer: MacKenzie Bezos, who gained her fortune after finalizing her divorce with the world’s richest man, Jeff Bezos, last summer.
You can follow me on Twitter at @davidbix and view my portfolio at Clippings.me/davidbix. It’s the highest transfer fees for any defender in Premier league and surpass the previous record transfer fees of Virgil van Dijk in 2018. The 35-year-old 6ft wrestler who also is from the Anoa’i wrestling family has established her name in the WWE, winning the Raw Women’s Championship title.
Brock Lesnar make comeback to WWE in 2017.
Before joining Forbes, I reported for the Hartford Courant and the New Haven Register, covering breaking and local news. His brothers, Joe and Laurence, are also footballers. An heir to carmaker BMW, Klatten has seen her net worth tumble 20% in the past year. In response to the coronavirus pandemic, the company set up robotic, automated food serving stations in Wuhan (where the virus originated) to feed Chinese medical workers. Flair was signed by the WWE in 2012 and sent to the NXT where she began her training.
In her early life, she began to receive training from her father and her uncle. (Photo by Brian Ach/Getty Images for WWE). The daughter of Vince, younger sister of Shane and wife of Levesque. In that tournament Kane led England to fourth place, their highest finish since 1990. Zhong is married to Sun Piaoyang, the billionaire chairman of Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine. Live: What The Presidential Election Results Mean For Your Money, EY & Citi On The Importance Of Resilience And Innovation, Impact 50: Investors Seeking Profit — And Pushing For Change. After conquering the SmackDown Brand for a second time, she got drafted into the Raw Brand and won the Raw Women’s Championship on three different occasions. worked for the company for nearly 20 years and served on the board until 2016. owns 57% and sits on the board of Hong Kong-listed real estate developer Country Garden, which her father founded and chairs. He was the face of WWE’s flagship, holding the Universal Championship for about half of the year and battling Brock Lesnar at the company’s two biggest shows, WrestleMania and SummerSlam. (Photo by Jerod Harris/Getty Images).
Joining her is self-made newcomer Qian Ying, who cofounded Shenzhen-listed Muyuan Foods with her husband Qin Yinglin. Those facial sheet masks you’re using to catch up on skincare while you quarantine? But he could be earning as much as $6 million in 2020 and beyond. Zhong is worth $14.6 billion. She won 12 times WWE Women Championship and she is also Royal Rumble 2020 winner.
While in the NXT she won her first NXT Championship and she held on to the title for the better part of the two years she spent in the NXT (an incredible 510 days – the longest reign in the NXT’s history), before joining the promotion’s main roster. Guarantees have escalated well past the $1 million ceiling that existed before the arrival of AEW last year. Even though the frequent injuries that wouldn’t let her have a smooth run, Sasha Banks is one of the most technical female wrestlers in the WWE. Recently, he. Female wrestlers, however, have become popular on their own. Together, they are worth a combined $369 billion. He appeared and scored at every youth level and made his senior debut in March 2015, aged 21, scoring in that game. Alice Walton, however, bucked that trend. After that WWE presently refers to their female talent by name Women/Female Superstars or shortly as Superstars.
Currently highest paid wrestler is recently boxer turned wrestler (Tyson Fury) with $15 million.
Hayden Decades ago, male wrestlers were the only ones who dominated the WWE and all other wrestling promotions. Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. Online and mobile game makers made a good showing. She swaps with L'Oréal heiress Francoise Bettencourt Meyers, who’s the second richest woman on the 2020 list. Harry Kane and his family live in a £17 million Mansion in England. Who is the highest-paid female WWE superstar? The son of WWE founder, chairman and CEO Vince McMahon, Shane McMahon has been an in-ring performer on and off for two decades, still wrestling even though he no longer has a behind-the-scenes role or even stock in the company. Having signed his current contract when AEW was rumored but had yet to launch, he will surely see his guarantee rise even more when his deal is up for renewal. This part-timer veteran also signed a new contract—in his case, it was at the start of November—and made. Kane’s involvement at Tottenham began to increase following the arrival of Mauricio Pochettino as head coach in 2014. Despite recent market turbulence. Harry Kane net worth is $50 million. The 25 Richest Wrestlers in the World.
Ronda signed a contract with the WWE in 2018. An heir to part of the Walmart fortune, she ranks as the richest woman in the world this year, up from second richest last year. Rebecca quin, with the stage name “Becky Lynch”, is an Irish-born professional female wrestler. Below are the list of the top 10 richest women in WWE.
Follow me on Twitter @KristinStoller. By winning the four major titles, she became the first Grand Slam and Triple Crown Champion. Read Also Most Powerful Women in the world. She has also proven to be one of the best female wrestlers in the WWE winning the Women’s Championship on ten occasions. Walton, who does not have a role at Walmart, is helping to lead a program at the Walton family foundation that will issue $300 million in bonds to help charter schools invest in and renovate facilities. The U.S. came in a distant second, with 44 newcomers, though their combined net worth surpasses China’s by about $27 billion. Born and raised in the London district of Walthamstow, Kane began his career at Tottenham Hotspur, where, after fast progression through the team’s youth academy, he was promoted to the senior team in 2009, at age 16. She’s worth an estimated $54.4 billion — $10 billion more than a year ago.
In 2016, she headlined her first WWE pay-per-view event and became the first female wrestler to do that. Currently, she is on the Raw brand and holds the title of Raw Women’s Championship. Top 8 Highest Paid Female WWE Wrestlers 2020 – Videos. The Quad Cities native, whose real name is Colby Lopez, served as a key, brand headliner for most of 2019. © 2020 Forbes Media LLC.
Salary: $1.1 Million Per YearThe second-generation wrestler Charlotte Flair is the daughter of Rick Flair, she is also an author and an actress. a contract extension in August, coming off an emotional return shortly before WrestleMania from a hiatus to treat a relapse of leukemia. ATK Mohun Bagan Players Salaries 2020-21 (Contract Details) All eyes are on her to achieve even more and climb her way up to a significant position among the top-paid Divas.
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Centennial Olympic Park Atlanta Georgia
Centennial Olympic Park is a 21 acre (85,000 m²) public park located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, USA that is owned and operated by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. The park was built by the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG) as part of the infrastructure improvements for the Centennial 1996 (25 years ago) Summer Olympics. ACOG's chief executive, Billy Payne, conceived it as both a central gathering location for visitors and spectators during the Olympics and as a lasting legacy for the city.
1440x1080 - 1080i HD
Freedom Tower, New York
Flinders Street Station, Melbourne City, Victoria, Australia
Chicago, Illinois, Lake Michigan shoreline
Saarbrucken, Germany
Random Buildings & City pictures
Superb View Over New York
Riverside South Bank, Brisbane
Taipei, Downtown, Taiwan
Planet Scenes
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Bipartisan Amendment Seeks To Reverse Trump’s Military Trans Ban
Featured, Politics
An amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) has been proposed in an attempt to reverse the military transgender ban recently put into motion via imbecilic busywork of knee-jerk POTUS tweets.
Senator Susan Collins (R ME) and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D NY) introduced the amendment on Monday, and it “would prevent the military from kicking out transgender service members solely based on their gender identity.”
The NDAA—“a massive defense policy bill”—will be on the Senate floor this week; the senators hope to get a vote on the proposed amendment. However, many other proposed amendments to the NDAA have stacked up, and it is possible their reversing measure could be ignored.
So far it is unclear if the amendment has enough votes to pass, although Trump’s ban has sparked ire on both sides of the aisle. A previous version of the proposal focused on forcing the Pentagon to continue payments for transgender medical procedures. The senators crafted a pared-down second version in order to drum up Republican votes.
Fastidious Senator Collins has proved to be a strong-willed, sane contrast to her brownnose Trumper colleagues. Gillibrand was more of a Blue Dog when she served in the House, but has become more progressive as a senator, as evidenced when she successfully advocated for the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.”
After the Obama administration opened up military recruitment to transgender individuals in 2016, Defense Secretary James Mattis began a study of the impact of the policy change. Mattis was still conducting the study when Trump announced the ban. Mattis had stated in June 2017 that he needed six more months to finish the study.
Firebrand Senator John McCain will lead the NDAA Senate debate this week. When Trump tweeted this mess last month, McCain stated the military ban would be “a step in the wrong direction,” and the Mattis study should be completed before new policy decisions were made.
tags: john mccain, kirsten gillibrand, national defense authorization act, ndaa, susan collins, trans ban, trans military ban, trump
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www.medjugorje.ws » Text version » Medjugorje News & Articles » The Historical-Theological Context of the Medjugorje Apparitions » The Pastoral Work thus Far and the Therapeutic Role of Medjugorje - The Historical-Theological Context of the Medjugorje Apparitions
The Historical-Theological Context of the Medjugorje Apparitions
Other languages: English, Deutsch, Français, Hrvatski, Polski
Date: November 10, 2005 , Originally published November 10, 2001
Author: Dr. fra Tomislav Pervan, OFM
Category: Theology reports
Content of the article
The Beginnings and the Historical Context
Comparisons with Salvation History
Diagnosis of our Times
A Response from Faith
The New Understanding of Faith: Faith as the Fruit of Experience
The Pastoral Work thus Far and the Therapeutic Role of Medjugorje
Medjugorje and the History of Salvation
Instead of a Closing Word
The modern spiritual condition requires of the Church a reflection on its own pastoral work. If the pastoral work thus far was directed toward the disciplining of the faithful, from now on, the sense of pastoral work is the enabling of the faithful for the struggle of life because the decision for life is simultaneously the preamble of faith. Hence the need, then, for the correlation of faith and prayer. It must be clear to modern man that the foundations of faith are in prayer because prayer, understood in its internal make up, accepts the problem of God and responds to it in the full meaning of the word. Faith and prayer are the keys to a richer life, a life of understanding and acceptance, forgiveness and relatedness, security and surrender, peace and joy, something Medjugorje has demonstrated countless times. The future belongs to that kind of faith and, with everything happening there for a full fourteen years, Medjugorje tends only toward that kind of faith. That faith includes and accepts freedom as the final goal of all human strivings as well as peace as the universal focal point of all human strivings in this century, a peace not as the absence of war, but as the omnipresence of God in his own creation.
This is exactly the way Medjugorje presents itself to the world through new forms of pastoral work, personal and evangelical. Almost from day to day it inspires us to optimism and fearlessness, in spite of all the possible war and apocalyptic surroundings and trumpeting because Christianity is the faith of the Good News, the joyful message of man's call to freedom, to a life without paralysing fear.
The modern economic scene is characterized by an increase in the logic of the market, capital, trade and gross national produce, that is, income. It brings with itself standardization and equalization, comparison not only of merchandise but also of spiritual utterance, which leads to the equalization of souls and the regimentation of opinions, the cessation or loss of the personal freedom of formation. It was thought possible to transfer the American or Western European model of conducting business onto the communist, or third world. But these attempts went bankrupt for now. Eurocentrism has become something like the sordid conscience of Europe that was noticeable on the occasion of the 500th anniversary celebration of the discovery of America. In place of unity and triumph we had instead indignation and lamentation and the history of European discoveries and triumphs has become the history of its moral falls, sins and failures. That is why faith in such an atmosphere is in no way an easy path. Whoever presents it like that will be stranded on it. Faith puts challenges before us because it thinks of man in a more sublime and better way than man thinks of himself.
If we started our exposition with a biblical comparison, we could then also cast Medjugorje's effectiveness in a biblical context, although any comparison limps. The effectiveness of Medjugorje lends itself to comparison with the effectiveness and expansion of Christianity, particularly in its first centuries. The Roman Empire was falling apart from the inside; cancer of the bone marrow consumed it. To heal the cancer and revive the organism it is necessary to transplant the marrow. Christianity was something similar to fresh bone marrow. It brought in a freshness, a new core and the world was revived. Christianity understood in a literal sense Jesus' command and mission: to proclaim, to spread the good news and to heal! Let us recall the closing words of Mark's Gospel and what are the signs that accompany the apostolic proclamation. Man is actually the same. Jesus proclaimed in healing and healed in proclaiming. Those two are inseparable. Jesus is teacher and preacher, healer and therapist. The apostles knew that well. It was also accepted in early centuries by missionaries who, along with evangelisation, offered health: psychological, spiritual and physical. Modern man longs for health and salvation and, therefore, he needs a therapeutic religion, a therapeutic proclamation of faith. For what else is the word salus, Greek soteria, German heil, if not, in the first place, health, and only after that salvation? We translate that as saving, salvation, in abstract terms, while it was always a concrete intervention into the being of man in the sense of total health and healing. Every generation, all people of all times, are yearning precisely for that. Where are we to find salvation and healing? We see what is offered today in the market of ideas, in what manner man tries to be healed, how many offers from various healers and charlatans there are. The same spiritual situation was also present in early Christianity. The world is avid for health and the feeling of being saved, and Christianity is precisely in such a thicket and a vast forest of all kinds of offers of saving and salvation that it, in its uniqueness, overtook all other religions and cults. It accomplished what it promised. The victory was guaranteed even before the theoretical foundations of that victory were laid. Instead of the myth of Asclepias, we have Jesus Christ, the real healer and helper, leader and teacher. Early Christianity defined itself as the faith of healing, authentic therapy, the medicine of soul and body, and it is precisely with Christianity that systematic medicine and care of the sick began in the world. That is one of the most important and most effective fields of Christian activity. Let us recall here the closing lines of the book of Revelation where it says that there are trees of life around God's throne that bear fruit every month, twelve times a year. Their leaves serve the health of the nations and nothing deserving a curse can be found there (Rev 22:2). Medjugorje is presented that way in the contemporary Church and the world. Indeed would so many hasten to Medjugorje had countless numbers not experienced healing and salvation?!
Previous : The New Understanding of Faith: Faith as the Fruit of Experience
Next : Medjugorje and the History of Salvation
Source: © Information Centre "Mir" Medjugorje ( www.medjugorje.hr )
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Emmanuel Macron: From political newbie to youngest French President
PARIS : A civil servant who became a millionaire investment banker and eventually a government minister is now the youngest President of France. Welcome Emmanuel Macron, a complete unknown four years ago. The founder of the political movement "En Marche!", Macron, 39. is a centrist who never stood for elections before, did not have the backing of a traditional party and had no constituency or firm voter base.
No wonder, he was branded by critics as inexperienced, having served only as Economy minister as his most senior role for just two years.
A part of Macron's allure is his atypical rise from a civil servant to a popular presidential nominee. He can present himself as anti-establishment to those disaffected by the fractious nature of French politics.
He is staunchly pro-European, wants to put France back at the heart of the European Union and defend the bloc's single market.
He has styled himself as a progressive maverick who is "neither Left nor right", economically liberal, pro-business but leftwing on social issues, including on the freedom to practise religion in a secular state, equality and immigration.
Macron puts the problem of unemployment, which President Francois Hollande failed to solve, among his top priorities. He seeks to reduce it to below 7 per cent.
He also wants to cut 120,000 public sector jobs, reduce public spending by €60 billion ($65 billion) and plough billions into investment.
His policies include remaking the "failed" and "vacuous" French political system, relax labour laws, encourage social mobility, reduce number of MPs and establish an eurozone government.
Macron has also unveiled a series of business-friendly measures designed to boost the French economy and is vocal in the fight against terror.
He has announced proposals to hike defence spending, hire 10,000 more police officers and create a task force which would work around the clock to fight Islamic State.
Macron wants better pay for teachers.
His wife Brigitte Trogneux is a former school teacher from Amiens, 24 years older than him.
They first met when he was 15 and have officially been a couple since Macron turned 18. Macron said she is his right hand in preparing campaign speeches.
Trogneux's influence over Macron's politics is visible: His manifesto highlights education as a top priority.
On broader foreign policy, Macron has struck a diplomatic tone, promising to seek constructive dialogue with US President Donald Trump and to work with Russia, Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia towards lasting political solutions in Syria and elsewhere.
Macron was born on December 21, 1977, in the northern city of Amiens to Francoise Nogues, a physician, and Jean-Michel Macron, a professor of neurology.
He obtained a Master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po, before training for a senior civil service career at the Ecole nationale d' administration in Strasbourg, the training ground for France's political elite. He graduated in 2004.
But instead of plunging into politics, Macron assumed a post at the Rothschild Bank.
In 2006, Macron became a member of the Socialist Party. From 2012 to 2014, he served as an adviser to President Hollande but quit after the latter failed to appoint him as chief of his administration.
He returned to politics on August 26, 2014 when he was appointed the economy minister. He was seen as a liberal politician, advocating balanced state finances and liberal market.
In 2015, he announced he was an independent politician. In August 2016, he resigned from the government.
This was shortly after he announced the formation of his own political movement "En Marche!". He called it a mix of elements from both the Left and the right.
Macron led a remarkable campaign, defying the traditional mainstream parties, courtesy his "En Marche!".
He won endorsement from Hollande, Republicans' Francois Fillon and Alain Juppe, moderate François Bayrou and Socialist ex-Prime Minister Manuel Valls.
Even former US President Barack Obama threw his weight behind him.
Image Credit : Facebook
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In a Reversal, Rwanda Screens Air Passengers Arriving from U.S. for Ebola
Ebola screening of airline passengers arriving in Lagos, Nigeria (photo: Sunday Alamba, AP)
Turnabout is fair play, or perhaps just prudent when the matter involves the deadly Ebola virus.
The government of Rwanda has decided to start screening all visitors arriving from the United States, where one person who contracted Ebola in West Africa died and others infected with the virus have been treated.
The U.S. Embassy in Rwanda says local authorities are requiring visitors who have been in the United States or Spain during the last 22 days “to report their medical condition — regardless of whether they are experiencing symptoms of Ebola — by telephone by dialing 114 between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. for the duration of their visit to Rwanda (if less than 21 days), or for the first 21 days of their visit to Rwanda.”
Two missionaries who picked up Ebola in West Africa died in Spain and a Spanish nurse tested positive for the virus. Rwanda is also denying entry to visitors who have been in Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, or Sierra Leone within the previous 22 days.
Adam Taylor at The Washington Post noted that Rwanda may be reacting to an incident in New Jersey, where two Rwandan exchange students were pulled out of school following fears by staff members and parents that that the two might be carrying the Ebola virus, despite no evidence that they were. In fact, New Jersey is closer to Texas, site of the U.S. outbreak, than Rwanda is to West Africa, more than 2,500 miles away.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has ordered that all travelers entering the country from West Africa come in at one of five airports set up to screen for Ebola.
-Noel Brinkerhoff
Now an African Country is Screening Incoming Americans and Spaniards for Ebola (by Adam Taylor, Washington Post)
Rwanda to Screen U.S. Visitors for Ebola (by Doug Stanglin, USA Today)
Sven 6 years ago
All WA countries are testing everyone for ebola. This article is very misleading. Ghana, Gabon, Nigeria, Angola, Cameroun that are definitely testing.
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I have a comic book which re-interprets the Pandora myth: basically, the "real" Pandora was a prostitute who gets hired by a wealthy Greek landowner in a revenge scheme against his male ex-lover. At the landowner's urging, she marries the ex-lover but cheats on him with his brother (though she doesn't have sex with either of them), sowing dissension between the two and setting them at war with each other as a result. The box element comes in later, through one of Pandora's clients, the poet Hesiod. She tells him the story of the landowner and the brothers while they're in bed. They get caught by his wife and he blames Pandora for tempting him. When he eventually writes her story (re-interpreted into a tale of the gods), he vilifies her, creating the concept of the box containing all the world's evils. The whole thing's actually played up for laughs and it's quite funny.
The underlying message here, as in the original myth, remains the same: women are man's scapegoats for everything bad in the world - which is why I found this a somewhat odd metaphor to use for the silent German film Pandora's Box, since so many men in the story are eager to do just about anything for Louise Brooks' character. She kills her insanely jealous, much older husband, though it could be argued that it was self-defense, given the unusual circumstances, but at her trial she escapes sentencing thanks to a diversion provided by her pals. Talk about devotion! She spends the second half of the film on the run with them, including her husband's son from a previous marriage, who, of course, is in love with her.
This one was melodramatic, but strangely compelling. Brooks keeps the whole thing watchable. She's not what I would call my type - too skinny, for one thing - but she has a certain glamor, a certain presence, accentuated by the clothes she wears and, of course, that Vulcan hairdo of hers. It's easy to see why she became so memorable.
When Norma Desmond says "We didn't need dialogue, we had faces!" in Sunset Boulevard, I didn't fully grasp the depth of her meaning when I first saw it, but now I believe I do. Silent movie stars had to convey their emotions, their character, with their faces - sometimes it was overwrought, but other times, like in Pandora, it's more subtle, and as a result, more magnetic. Many great actors say all the acting is done in the eyes, anyway. Combined with the right camerawork, a certain look can be iconic in a way that you rarely see in "talkies," and certainly less so in modern Hollywood movies, which pummel you into submission with frenetic imagery. No subtlety at all.
Labels: acting, books, foreign cinema, silent films
Samuel Fuller's 'Pulp Fiction' (1961)
The Great Recasting Blogathon is an event in which post-1965 films are re-cast with pre-1965 actors, hosted by In the Mood and Frankly, My Dear. For a complete listing of participating blogs, visit the links at both sites.
In the spring of 1960, Samuel Fuller was stuck. For a little over a year, he had been working on a screenplay about a middle-aged boxer who agrees to take a dive for a gangster for money, only to double-cross him. Fuller was interested in exploring the world of boxing, but he wasn't satisfied with what he had to that point, and for several months had put the unfinished screenplay on the shelf, returning instead to the script for what would eventually become Underworld USA.
Then Fuller received an invitation to the Cannes Film Festival from his friend, writer Romain Gary. Fuller was reluctant to go at first; he was still bitter about the French reaction to his 1957 war film China Gate. However, Gary, the French Consul-General in Los Angeles at the time, claimed to be able to smooth things out with the right people if need be, and ultimately, Fuller agreed, choosing to keep a low profile while in Cannes.
This was the year Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless debuted to a rapturous Cannes audience, and as Fuller watched it, he was amazed to see his influence in this young French director's work - for example, there was a clear visual homage to his Barbara Stanwyck Western Forty Guns. Fuller had heard inklings here and there about a recent resurgence in French cinema, but it wasn't until seeing Godard's film, with its use of hand-held cameras and of course, jump cuts, that he began to feel as if these techniques could be applied in his own work.
A meeting was arranged between the two filmmakers. Godard couldn't have been more excited to meet Fuller, one of his idols, and the two talked for hours. Eventually, Fuller mentioned his boxing screenplay and Godard offered a few suggestions, including the addition of a young female lead. Suddenly re-energized, Fuller brought in Gary to help him with the rewrite, spending an extra week in Cannes holed up in their hotel. Fuller returned to America while Gary remained in Europe.
Fuller envisioned Rod Steiger as Butch, his boxer character, ever since seeing him in the title role in Al Capone (1959), and approached him with the current draft of his screenplay. Steiger had been alternating between television and film for much of his career, and was eager for another showcase role on the big screen such as this. With both a leading man and a script - now retitled Pulp Fiction in an homage to his younger years as a pulp novelist - Fuller went to Columbia Pictures to set up a deal to produce and direct.
Fuller set up a screen test for Godard's Breathless star Jean Seberg with an eye towards getting her to play Mia, the moll character Fuller added after his initial conversations with the French filmmaker. Fuller had met her briefly at Cannes and was quite taken by her. Seberg was greatly trepidatious about returning to Hollywood, having struck out in her film debut, Otto Preminger's Saint Joan (1957) and not faring much better in her subsequent films, hence the move to France. Fuller informed her, however, that the part of Mia was written with her in mind. With Godard's encouragement, Seberg agreed to fly out to LA.
Gary, back in LA by now, also attended the screen test, which Seberg passed with flying colors. She even offered a couple of suggestions for the character which Fuller and Gary readily took to. Gary and Seberg began spending more time together during the production of Pulp, and a relationship formed between the two of them.
In Pulp, Mia is the kept girl of Marsellus Wallace, the small-time gangster who gets Butch to take a dive. She has a sub-plot all her own, in which she's watched over by a pair of Wallace's henchmen while Wallace is out of town, but gets excessively drunk at a nightclub and nearly dies. Fuller brought in journeyman actor John Dall, whom he admired from his turn in Gun Crazy, and Brock Peters, who had small but memorable parts in the black musicals Carmen Jones and Porgy and Bess, as the henchmen Vincent and Jules.
For the part of Wallace, Fuller had in mind someone tall and imposing. Gary happened to remember the Gregory Peck war film Pork Chop Hill (1959) and seeing the 6'4" Woody Strode in a small part. Fuller liked the suggestion and brought the actor into the cast as well.
Post-production took longer than usual for a Fuller film, mostly due to the editing process, and as a result, he was not able to bring it to Cannes like he had hoped. Godard flew in to look at a rough cut and make a few suggestions here and there. Eventually, Pulp was released in the fall of 1961 to middling reviews. As much as Fuller tried to bring the French New Wave sensibility to his film, the American audiences of the day were less than receptive. The French received it more warmly, though, especially Seberg's performance. It would take another six years before that style would be successfully wedded with American cinema, in Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde.
Fuller's relationship with Godard and the French New Wave would continue, however. Years later he would make cameo appearances in Godard's Pierrot le Fou and Brigitte et Brigitte, directed by another Fuller acolyte, Luc Moullet. Further in life, Fuller would move to France. Gary and Seberg, meanwhile, would get married in 1962 and have a son. He took up directing and made a pair of movies with Seberg, but their relationship grew sour and they divorced in 1970.
Quentin Tarantino's remake in 1994, ironically, did make it to Cannes and won the Palme D'Or as a result. His version is particularly notable, not only for the increased level of violence, but for the addition of the non-linear storytelling format, which has been compared to Stanley Kubrick's The Killing (1956). Indeed, it is more of a re-imagining than a straight remake (the henchmen Jules and Vincent are expanded upon, for instance), one which Fuller has said is truer to his original vision than his actual product turned out to be, hampered as he was by his attempts to make a French New Wave film.
Labels: big ideas, blog-a-thons, classic cinema, movie makers, movie stars
Maybe if I had grown up in the suburbs, I would've hung out at malls more. As it is, they never meant anything more to me than a place for one-stop shopping. The Queens Center Mall is no different from most indoor malls, and I can probably count the number of things I've bought there on one hand, not counting food. I once worked at a Tower Records which was part of a strip mall out on Long Island - not quite the same thing as an indoor mall. It was across the street from a more traditional indoor mall. I'd go there for lunch.
The thing about most suburban, big-box, indoor malls that's truly insidious is the way they're usually set up: great big parking lot in front to encourage lots and lots of car traffic and little in the way of a safe place to walk for pedestrians. I remember reading somewhere once that all that parking space is meant to accommodate Christmas shoppers. If true, well, that's some ass-backward thinking.
The mall near where I live is a textbook example. First off, it's right next to a constantly-busy eight-lane highway that you have to be fleet-footed to cross (yes, there is a traffic light; I don't have to play Frogger with the traffic). Because the cars go by so fast on the highway, walking on the sidewalk can be a little unnerving, and indeed, there are always very few pedestrians on the sidewalks. The parking lot is huge. In recent years, they put up a stop sign in this one spot next to a Best Buy to let pedestrians cross the road leading to the main mall entrance, but it hardly provides one with much of a sense of security. And the sidewalk surrounding the mall proper is so small it's ridiculous, especially given the vast swaths of territory allotted to cars. There are buses that go to the mall, but none of them stop close to the main entrance, so when you get off the bus, you're forced to schlep for another five-to-ten minutes all the way to the nearest entrance. Tough noogies if you're carrying shopping bags.
In Columbus, the rise of suburban malls, a symptom of city-killing urban sprawl, led to the decline of the mall in the downtown area, one that was fairly popular for a long time. Recently they tore it down and put up a park. (Here's a City Mouse strip I did about it.) I remember walking around in it once before they took it down. It was eerie. There were empty storefronts almost everywhere, and it had a kind of haunted feel - there should have been people there, but there weren't.
And as for those suburban malls... Once I took a bus to the northern part of town, almost near the county border, just to see this one mall I was curious about. I was let out next to a wide street with cars everywhere and started walking in the direction of the mall, and as I walked, I remember thinking how peculiar it was that I was the only pedestrian around, even though it was the middle of the day. There was no shortage of cars on the street, though. This was when I first began to fully understand the consequences of sprawl. The mall itself was nothing special. I never went back there.
There's also a mall to the east of Columbus which, I have to admit, is really nice. There's the traditional big-box building to one side, but there are also areas that are done up like villages or small towns. The buildings are smaller, there are benches and fountains, the walking space is beautiful, comfortable and pleasing to the eye - and most importantly, it's separate from the parking space. At Christmas time, it's even better. This mall has a movie theater, so I took the bus there often, but I usually found other excuses to go there, such as actual shopping - I bought a jacket there once.
I don't believe malls are inherently bad; it's just the application of them that's the problem, especially when they're a contributing factor in sprawl. When sprawl happens, the population of a city is decentralized and gets spread out further, usually requiring more car travel, which leads to greater dependence on oil, which leads to less self-sustainability. That's a problem we gotta fix.
I passed on seeing Mallrats the first time it came out because I believed all the negative reviews about it. Eventually I bought it on VHS and to my surprise, discovered that I liked it a lot more than I expected, but by that time, I was already sold on Kevin Smith as a filmmaker. (There's your lesson for the day, kids: reviewers can be a guide to evaluating movies, but ultimately, you have to decide for yourself if a given movie's worth seeing or not.) The comic book-related humor helped, of course - strange that a character like Jason Lee's Brodie, presented as a typical geek outsider, can now be considered mainstream. Yes, it's unfortunate that Stan Lee failed to mention Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko when talking about his comics, but I suspect he knows better now. And as for those stupid optical-illusion images, I could never see a sailboat or anything else in them either! I think they were just a scam!
Labels: comedy, travel, urban living
Bat-links
Life goes on. I had wondered for awhile whether or not I had overreacted to refunding my Dark Knight Rises ticket, since the Aurora massacre obviously wasn't stopping other people from seeing it. That in itself didn't surprise me. I was on vacation from my video store job when 9-11 happened, and when I came back, my co-workers told me the video store for the two or three days immediately afterward was packed. Movies are still a means to escape for many people, in spite of everything, and I think it's generally understood that the odds of another shooting happening so soon after the first one are very slim. Not that I believe it'll happen, of course, but I'd still rather wait. In the meantime...
I was gonna see the Singin' in the Rain re-release, but my plans changed, but that's okay - I'd rather read about first-timers Alan and Sarah describing it.
When Ryan did this shtick on Twitter, I thought he was just being funny (and he was). Now I know why he did it. (For the record, I agree with him. Too much nitpicking can be a pain after awhile.)
This was funnier before DKR came out, perhaps, but it's still worth reading. (NOT Aurora-related.)
Page applies her special brand of snark to a rare recent movie, Roman Polanski's The Ghost Writer.
She calls herself Caftan Woman. Why? Cuz she wears a caftan, duh. Here she writes about silent short films.
Notable film critic Glenn Kenny on fanboy culture in general and comic book culture in specific.
Proof that the younger generation still cares about classic movies.
This guy does some sweet woodcuts of classic movie stars.
Labels: bloggers and critics, classic cinema, fandom, LOL, silent films, visual art
Some men just want to watch the world burn
I bought my ticket for The Dark Knight Rises yesterday, thinking it would be the best way to avoid getting sold out. Today, just a few minutes ago, I had it refunded, something I don't think I've ever done before in my life. I'm not ready to see it. Not today, not this weekend, not for awhile... and if you've seen the news, you know why.
I feel angry. Angry and deeply, deeply disappointed. It's still very early at this point, so we don't know if this was the work of a crazed Bat-fan who'd seen one too many movies (or read too many negative reviews of the film), or a political nut who believes everything Rush Limbaugh tells him, or what, but the result is still the same: what was shaping up to be the biggest celebration in the film world this year is now its greatest catastrophe. And the repercussions from this will be myriad, especially in this, an election year.
Will the Aurora massacre mean no more midnight premieres? Possibly, at least in the short term. My understanding is that the alleged shooter entered the theater through a fire exit, so he likely didn't pay a ticket and tried to enter through the front carrying a gun and tear gas and what not. (Tear gas? Really? Where did he think he was, Vietnam?) The fact remains, though, that this is far from a common occurrence at midnight premieres. It's not like there was a spree of shootings in theaters nationwide last night. That's something to keep in mind for the future, though it certainly would not surprise me if the studios put a temporary moratorium on the practice for awhile.
How will this impact the casual theater-going experience? Here in New York, security's getting beefed up at theaters for this weekend's screenings. Beyond that? The theatrical experience had already taken a beating in recent years - cellphone talkers, texters, screaming babies - and now this. I don't believe Aurora will be the final straw, and neither do others, but you can bet there'll be calls for changes of some sort in the days and weeks to come.
It's tempting to blame the overkill of 21st century pop culture media - the feeding frenzy of hype and marketing that makes everyone cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs over a movie, any movie. But what we all have to try to remember in the weeks to come is that the movies (and pop culture in general) don't create psycho-killers. People like that, whatever bad stuff in their heads causes them to go on a killing rampage was placed there long before the world ever heard of Christopher Nolan or Christian Bale.
I can't think of anything more to say right now. I'll see the movie in a few weeks. Maybe.
Posted by Rich at 2:59 PM 10 comments:
Labels: movie industry, sociology and politics, world events
New York, for better or for worse, is my home, the place that shaped who I am, but it's always been difficult for me to be fully attached to it. I'm not one of those types who crow about how it's the greatest city in the world and this and that, though there are, of course, lots of things about this city that are unique and spectacular. Without going into a laundry list of things I hate about it, though (not the point of this post), let me just say that I recognize and appreciate the advantages of living here, but that's still not quite enough for me to embrace it.
I wish it were. When I moved to Columbus, I fully believed it was for good. Circumstances forced me to return to New York, but for a moment, it was possible for me to imagine that Columbus could feel like home one day. Only for a moment, though.
My point is that it's hard (though not impossible) for me to imagine being so devoted to a place that I wouldn't want to live anywhere else, even if I were in danger of losing it. I call New York home, yet I was able to leave it so easily - and would do so again if I had the chance. So "home" must have a different connotation for me. I think perhaps it has to do with self-identity than with a specific location, although in recent years, I've taken it upon myself to re-discover Queens, the part of New York I live in, and as a result, I appreciate it more.
The denizens of "The Bathtub," the fictitious Southern Delta island community in Beasts of the Southern Wild, are threatened by a Hurricane Katrina-like storm, but a small group of them insist on staying and riding it out rather than evacuating to higher ground. These people don't have much to begin with - they live in ramshackle shacks with what looks like the bare minimum amount of modern amenities, yet as we see in the movie, they know how to have a good time and they revel in each other's company. This little world may not seem like much, but for them it's everything, and even in the face of catastrophe, they find a way to adapt, because for them, the alternative - leaving the Bathtub behind - is not an option.
When 9/11 happened, even during the darkest of the early days and weeks, I don't think I ever believed that New York would turn into Belfast or Kosovo - and except for the occasional scare now and then, it hasn't even come close to that. If it did, though, if I honestly believed that staying here was a greater danger than leaving, I feel fairly confident that I'd leave. The hard part would be leaving friends, and possibly family, behind. If spending a year living in another part of the world taught me anything, though, it's that it is possible to have the courage to leave the familiar behind and start over again someplace different.
But that's just me. While the actions of the Bathtub residents strike me as stubborn, even nonsensical on the face of it, Beasts made me understand, to a certain extent, why they choose to stay. No one wants to be forcibly removed from a place they've built their lives around, be it the result of acts of God or acts of man. And even the most dilapidated and run-down of areas can be home for somebody.
I mentioned this before when I wrote about Being Elmo, but it bears repeating: movie theaters in black neighborhoods really need to make more of an effort to screen films like Beasts. One look at the little girl in this movie (who is amazing) and you know all those middle-aged churchgoing women who still have family down home in South Carolina and Mississippi and Alabama will instantly fall in love with her. It's not right that movies like Beasts, Elmo, or Pariah should be limited to the art-house theaters, which - let's be honest - black people do not attend in large numbers. Ava DuVernay and AFFRM have made great strides at changing that, but they can't handle it all - and these days, it's more common to see giant multiplexes devoting a screen or two to an indie film, especially in big cities.
This is a tell-your-friends kinda movie. That's why I'm telling you.
Labels: drama, fantasy, neighborhoods, race, travel, world events
The Cinematic World Tour Blogathon is an event in which participants use the movies to take virtual trips around the world, using settings and moments in movies to inform their writing approach, hosted by All Good Things. This blogathon lasts from Memorial Day to Labor Day, so check back periodically at the host site for posts from participating blogs.
seen @ Films on the Green Festival @ Pier 1, Riverside Park, New York, NY
Greetings from Tehran!
An unusual vacation choice? Perhaps, but as an artist, I can't help but be attracted to Iranian architecture and religious iconography and paintings. It's quite beautiful. Unfortunately...
...I had a bit of a problem with my camera. All my photos came out looking similar to this. I hope you'll bear with me.
Labels: animation, blog-a-thons, foreign cinema, outdoor venues, philosophy and religion, sociology and politics, weather, world events
I think I've talked about this before, but as much as I sincerely love classic movies, and always will, every now and again I'm reminded that they were all made during a period in American history when racial segregation was a normal, accepted practice. Therefore it seems to me that the incremental baby steps Hollywood took to present black people as more than just maids and porters, cheesy though they may be, are worth looking at from a historical perspective.
I have the wonderful Alex to thank for drawing my attention to Stormy Weather, a film which TCM apparently played for the first time ever last week. It's basically one huge showcase for some of the most talented singers and dancers, black or white, in the 20th century. (Story? Where we're going we don't need... story...)
Lena Horne might not be as well remembered a singer as, say, Billie Holliday or Ella Fitzgerald, but she ranks right up there with them, and between this film and Cabin in the Sky, 1943 was an amazing year for her. She got her start at age sixteen, singing in Harlem's famous Cotton Club and hanging out with the likes of Duke Ellington and future Weather co-star Cab Calloway. From there it was on to Broadway and eventually Hollywood, but wouldn't you know it, MGM cut all of her movie scenes before showing them to Southern audiences. Maybe that's why she made Weather at Fox instead.
Bill "Bojangles" Robinson was born in 1878, a mere 13 years after the end of the Civil War. His specialty was tap dancing, in particular tapping up and down flights of stairs. He took to tap at the early age of six. In his teens, he worked the vaudeville circuit, and like Horne, played the Cotton Club with Calloway and others before moving to Broadway and eventually Hollywood. In the 1930s, when he wasn't playing butlers, he was often paired with Shirley Temple - four times, in fact. He starred in the all-black production Harlem is Heaven from 1932, allegedly inspired by his life.
THE NICHOLAS BROTHERS GO NINJA STYLE ON YO' PUNK ASS
Cab Calloway started out studying law before getting his first singing gig in the late 1920s. He would go on to form his own orchestra which toured hotels, theaters and nightclubs nationwide, including, of course, the Cotton Club. Even if you've never seen The Blues Brothers, chances are you've heard the song "Minnie the Moocher"; it was the first jazz record to sell a million copies.
These and so many other black entertainers make up Weather, a movie where they don't have to do too much more than what they do best, and it's fun to watch (at least, whenever those annoying kids in the framing sequence aren't around). The music is mostly jazz/big band material, with elements of Southern blues, and the dancing ranges from tap to ballet - and I agree wholeheartedly with Alex in that the brief sequence from the acrobatic, breathtaking Nicholas Brothers is like nothing you've ever seen before, or will see, I imagine.
It kinda breaks your heart a little to know that all these incredible performers didn't go further in Hollywood, but I'd be willing to bet that they had few regrets. They made their mark with an earlier generation, played on all sorts of stages all around the country and earned the respect of their peers. In a time of segregation, you can't ask for much more than that.
Labels: classic cinema, movie stars, music, musical, race
One thing I've never understood about every "cheating" movie I've ever seen - from The Scarlet Letter to Brief Encounter to Fatal Attraction to The Bridge of Madison County and more - is how someone, anyone, can think a sexual relationship with a married party would be worth pursuing. Morality aside, even if the married party is unhappy in their marriage, which is usually the case, is a little bit of hot sex on the side worth the copious amounts of inevitable drama?
Sure, it happens all the time in real life - some of the greatest romances in Hollywood history were the result of extramarital affairs - but it seems to me like it's asking for trouble more often than not. After all, what guarantee do you have that the married party will definitely leave their spouse? The spouse will likely linger in such a relationship, the elephant in the room you can't avoid, and you can never be truly free as long as they're still around. So what do you do?
If you're in a film noir, you could kill the spouse, but that never works out. There's always a betrayal or a double cross of some sort which you never see coming (even if the audience does). If you're in a horror movie, it won't even matter, because you'll wind up getting killed anyway through nothing more than fate - remember The Rules. No, you have to hope for being in a rom-com, in which a wacky third act climax will lead to some kind of happy resolution in which either (a) you discover you're meant to be together after all, or (b) you have to settle for an alternate pairing with the best friend - depending on whether you're the alpha or beta couple.
There's a married friend I have who, if she wasn't married, I would totally go after, but I have way too much respect for her husband to ever act on my feelings. He's a good guy and he's good for her. I may flirt here and there, but that's as far as it would ever go. In my case, however, it's simple morality at work. I know exactly how I'd feel if another man made a move on my girl.
Still, extramarital affairs always make for great drama, which is why they get made, and that's cool. I can't recall seeing such a movie in which the principals were all young (late 20s) before seeing Take This Waltz, and the more I think about it, the more I feel like it was a bit of an impediment. Writer-director Sarah Polley presents a very mature, very adult kind of story with a married couple who are all lovey-dovey and sickeningly cutesy with each other, like the honeymoon never ended. I wasn't entirely convinced that there was enough of a reason for Michelle Williams to step out on Seth Rogen other than boredom, which makes her seem like a bitch for cheating!
I tried, I really tried to find something about Margot's situation that could make me sympathize with her more, but I couldn't - yet I couldn't get as angry with her as I wanted to, probably because she is Michelle Williams, an actress I absolutely adore and am naturally inclined to like. For one thing, she's not as manipulative as, say, Glenn Close in Fatal Attraction. Nor is she entirely passive. She enters this affair with her eyes open, but she doesn't seem to know what to do with it. She's not after some kind of shared relationship; while she has issues of some kind with her husband, she doesn't demand a divorce, and she doesn't seem guilty enough to want to reconsider her affair, so what's the point really? Thankfully, Sarah Silverman is there to eventually tell her what a bitch she's being, though not after going through some shit herself.
Williams, as usual, makes the whole thing watchable, and in more ways than one this time. Prior to last year's My Week with Marilyn, I had always found her beautiful, attractive, but not... sexy. Not in a Scarlet Johanssen-type of way. I had always thought of hers as a demure, down-to-earth kind of beauty, like Winona Ryder at the same age. Portraying an iconic sex goddess like Marilyn Monroe proved Williams could turn on the heat, but even that didn't prepare me for seeing her in this movie completely full-frontal naked. There's a brief but steamy sex scene near the end, but even before that, there's a shower scene about halfway through that's actually pretty important in a character-developing way.
I totally did not know she was gonna be naked in this movie, and while I certainly can't complain, at the same time she always struck me as the kind of actress who wouldn't do nude scenes. Not sure why; just a feeling. I imagine it's indicative of the level of trust Williams had in Polley - this is only the latter's second film as a director. For what it's worth, most of her nude scenes aren't necessarily prurient. They're like European films in which it's incidental.
I guess I'm finding that my perception of Williams as an actress is continuing to evolve, and that's cool. Like I said, I'm a big fan of hers. I've found the types of films and roles she's taken in the past few years to be exciting and unique. I'm even willing to see her in a big-budget Hollywood genre movie like next year's Oz: The Great and Powerful. I just hope she continues to make good decisions with her roles. Waltz didn't work for me as well as, say, Blue Valentine, but it does seem like part of the continuing path of progression Williams is on as an actress, and I like that much, at least.
(As an aside: I had no idea Toronto was so colorful! The colors in this movie really pop out.)
Labels: drama, foreign cinema, movie stars, romance
Do You Like Hitchcock?
The Best Hitchcock Films Hitchcock Never Made Blogathon is exactly what it says on the tin. It is hosted by Tales of the Easily Distracted and Classic Becky's Brain Food. For a complete listing of participating blogs, click on the links to either website.
seen online via Hulu
This past spring, I wrote about Alfred Hitchcock and talked about his early career in England, before he crossed over to America and became a superstar filmmaker. According to IMDB, among the many directors over the years who have cited him as an influence on their work include some of the greatest names in film history: Stephen Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Brian DePalma, William Friedkin, and Quentin Tarantino. A new film is currently in the works in which Anthony Hopkins will play the master of suspense himself. In the more-than-30 years since his death, Hitchcock remains a giant in the film world.
While many have tried, precious few have come close to capturing that which made Hitchcock special in their films. One prominent director who claims a debt to his work is the Italian filmmaker Dario Argento. The last time I wrote about him here, I didn't go too deeply into his career, which has spanned over forty years. Though he has never been a mainstream success in this country, those who know his work revere him and rank him among the great horror directors.
In Italy, the type of work Argento does is referred to as "giallo," which, like Hitchcock, refers to crime and suspense stories, though in English the word also implies horror. The word literally means yellow, a reference to the European equivalent of cheap horror fiction novels, characterized by yellow covers.
Some have called Argento the Italian Hitchcock, so perhaps it was inevitable that one day he would make a movie called Do You Like Hitchcock? It was an Italian TV movie that came out in 2005, and as a result, it's not as gory as some of his more popular theatrical releases. It's about this peeping-tom film student who witnesses a murder and is convinced that it was inspired by the Hitchcock film Strangers on a Train, in which two strangers conspire to commit murders for each other. The peeping-tom aspect, of course, also brings to mind Rear Window.
A movie geek trying to solve a murder naturally brings to mind Scream, in particular the video store scene where Randy tries to examine the killings as if it were all happening in a horror movie, which, of course, it is. Though there is also a video store scene in Hitchcock, this movie is not quite as self-aware as Scream.
Hitchcock screened at the Brussels International Festival of Fantastic Film in 2005, and in an interview afterwards, Argento talked about, among other things, capturing the Hitchcock feel, in particular with the music:
I would like to remind you of something. When Brian De Palma was shooting one of his movies, Bernard Hermann died. Brian was desperately looking for someone that could compose like Hermann; he was mainly a violinist, a great one! [Composer Pino] Donaggio substituted for Hermann and wrote the music for De Palma. Since I wanted to make a film with musical influences from Bernard Hermann, Donaggio was the obvious choice because he was his heir. Pino Donaggio is a great musician and my friend and we worked together. But we don't work together that often because like I said before, I am an unfaithful director [Dario laughs] and I with musicians I feel there is a necessity for changes!
Argento also talked about working in television:
I want to shock the television audience! [Dario laughs] Yes, usually the stories you see on TV are the same, very stupid! Stupid! It is not enough! I want to do something. I come from the movies. I want to show you something!
I know that despite the limited nudity, this movie is more constrained than Argento's usual fare. I thought it was just okay, but then, the only other Argento-directed film I've seen is Suspiria, so I can't say for sure how much different it is. I wouldn't mind seeing more of his films, though.
Labels: blog-a-thons, foreign cinema, movie makers, music, suspense, television
Awhile ago, I talked about my drinking habits, such as they are. Basically, I don't drink unless it's a special occasion, like a party. Last week, I was fortunate enough to have attended three different parties, and I drank at all of them, some to greater degree than others. It was what most people at these parties did and was no big deal.
Today, we're more aware of the dangers of drinking to excess, whether it's a celebrity being hauled off to rehab, or PSAs that emphasize having a designated driver. I believe there was even a recent movie about the guy who founded AA. And this is as it should be. Alcohol is as easy to obtain as a trip to the supermarket or bodega, provided you're of legal age (and sometimes not even then), and it's even easier to abuse.
Back in the day, though, social drinking was looked on with much less of an eye towards responsibility. In watching The Thin Man yesterday, I was surprised to see William Powell's character, Nick Charles, depicted as such an unapologetic lush. I imagine Dashiell Hammett wrote him as such in the original book, but to see it in a movie is another thing.
It didn't spoil my enjoyment of the movie; indeed, it was kinda cool to see such an un-PC character. (One wonders if the remake will handle him the same way.) No, we don't see Nick suffer the painful effects of too much alcohol, but if you want that, you can always see The Lost Weekend, or better yet, The Days of Wine and Roses. This is not that kind of movie, and that's okay. Still, I did find it somewhat surprising. It had been a long time since I had seen The Thin Man and I had forgotten that aspect.
Does anyone else confuse William Powell with Melvyn Douglas, or is it just me? As I watched The Thin Man, I kept wondering whether or not Nick Charles was played by the guy from Ninotchka...
The Thin Man, of course, was one of the earliest Hollywood franchises, spawning a whole bunch of sequels, and in thinking about that now, this seems like an even more extraordinary thing when one considers the kinds of movies that spawn franchises these days. Seriously, can you imagine a franchise being built around a movie like this today - one that values witty dialogue and mature, sophisticated characters, without special effects of any kind?
Says a lot about the way tastes have changed, hasn't it?
Labels: classic cinema, comedy, drink
first seen in New York
Okay, so here's what I would do if I found a great big bag of money. Actually, scratch that; make it "might" instead of "would." It's one thing to speculate on what we would do in a given situation, another thing altogether when it actually happens, so I probably shouldn't be so sure of myself here. But here's what I like to think could happen if I were faced with the situation proposed in A Simple Plan:
Assuming I found the money, like in the movie, somewhere in the vicinity of where I live, say, a park or a vacant lot, I wouldn't take the money back home with me. I'd stash it someplace that couldn't be traced back to me, someplace that I could access in secret, at any time. I'd go to this place as little as possible, and only at night. I'd wear gloves at all times and wipe away any fingerprints I may have gotten on it initially.
If I found this bag with two other people, also as in the movie - well, actually, that's where the comparisons to the movie begin to break down. I don't have a sad-sack blood brother or an irresponsible, loudmouth friend. I have an older sister, but chances are she'd out-think me on this; indeed, I can see her in the Bill Paxton role more easily than myself!
So for the sake of argument, let's say I found the bag with two friends who I could control to a certain extent. I'd take control of the situation, arguing that the less they knew about where the money is, the safer it would be all around, like Paxton's character tries to do. I'd divide the money three ways, give each of them their share and get us all to agree to never see each other again.
Then, I'd take my share of the money, pay off any and all debts, and move out of town. If I have reason to believe that someone criminal may be looking for this money, it would be imperative for me to not only throw them off the trail, but to protect my loved ones.
Most importantly, I would not spend the money all at once in a big spree. That's something that tends to trip up a lot of people in movies like this; once they have big money, they can't wait to spend it on all the things they've been dreaming of all their lives. By doing so, they attract undue attention to themselves, and the next thing you know, BAM! - either the good guys or the bad guys catch up with them (depending on what kind of movie it is).
I would spend the money at a slower pace, spread it out over a series of months, perhaps even years, and not make a big deal about it. In fact, I might even go to certain lengths to make myself look poorer than I actually am (not sure how, but given time, I bet I could think of something).
Basically, it would all come down to discretion. Having a lot of money can make people indulge in their worst excesses, especially when they've never had so much money before. It's understandable, but in a situation like this, it's the absolute wrong approach to take. It would make you a target, and in more than one way: if people know you have money, some would try to take advantage of you by hitting you up for some - playing on your sympathy, that sort of thing. People never think about stuff like that in stories like these, and it always comes back to bite them as a result.
In case it wasn't obvious, I love A Simple Plan. It's a fascinating character study with some rock-solid performances, and it's the kind of movie I could happily watch all the time precisely because it invites you to speculate on what you would do if it happened to you.
Labels: big ideas, suspense
Star-spangled links
I'm back. Hope you had a better Fourth of July than I did. It wasn't terrible; I just went to a party I didn't like - although on the plus side, it was on the beach, at least. I've got something very special planned for my 500th post, which now looks like it won't be for another month or so at this rate, but it's something I know you're gonna like, so don't miss it! In the meantime...
In the wake of the death of Andy Griffith, here's Ivan's 2010 piece on The Andy Griffith Show on the occasion of its 50th anniversary.
Alex writes about a unique indie sci-fi film from the 80 called Born in Flames.
Ruth's partner-in-crime Ted writes about roads not taken for several popular films.
I miss old movie theater marquees. And so does Retrospace.
Go Retro is a nice little nostalgia blog that you should totally read. Here Pam writes at length about Steve McQueen.
Here's an interesting piece about how princess stories aren't what they used to be.
Whoopi Goldberg talks about using Kickstarter to fund her directing debut.
This New York Times article sums up many of my misgivings about superhero movies, and to an extent, superhero comics as well.
Labels: bloggers and critics, movie makers, movie stars, RIP, television
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Connecticut Judicial Branch Begins ODR Pilot Program for Eligible Contract Disputes
By Beth Graham, Disputing, January 14, 2019
At the beginning of the new year, two Connecticut judicial districts reportedly implemented an online dispute resolution pilot program designed to resolve certain contract disputes without the need for engaging in the judicial process.
According to the State of Connecticut Judicial Branch’s website:
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is a Judicial Branch pilot program available in cases filed on or after January 2, 2019 in the Hartford and New Haven Judicial Districts only to help parties resolve specific types of money disputes called contract collection cases (C40) in a simple, fast and low-cost way. It is an alternative to going through the regular court process, which generally has more complicated procedures and rules, takes a longer time, and frequently requires you to appear in court to pursue or defend the claim.
The goals of the ODR program include convenience, efficiency, and accessibility. In order to participate in the pilot program, an individual must opt-in by submitting or responding to an eligible contract dispute using simple, standardized forms. A professional mediator then reviews the forms and attempts to find a mutually agreeable resolution. If the mediator cannot successfully help the parties resolve their issue, the case will then be submitted to the local courts. Either party may opt-out within 15 days of a case referral to the ODR program.
By eliminating the need for individuals to physically attend court, the pilot program has the potential to save disputing parties both time and money. There are no additional fees related to utilizing the ODR process and the Connecticut Judicial Branch estimates most disputes will be resolved within three months. Additionally, the ODR program could drastically reduce the number of contract cases filed in Connecticut courts each year.
At this time, contract disputes in both the Hartford and New Haven judicial districts may be resolved using ODR. It is currently unclear whether the pilot program may be expanded to include additional judicial districts in the future.
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Bill & Laws
Enrolled HB 33 Detail
Enrolled HB 33: Amending certain provisions of criminal law prohibiting the manufacture, sale, transfer, or possession of switchblades and gravity knives; adding definitions of "gravity knife" and "switchblade" to the criminal law; and reserving to the state, with limited exceptions for municipalities, the authority to regulate knives.
00Enrolled HB 33
01 Amending certain provisions of criminal law prohibiting the manufacture, sale, transfer, or
02 possession of switchblades and gravity knives; adding definitions of "gravity knife" and
03 "switchblade" to the criminal law; and reserving to the state, with limited exceptions for
04 municipalities, the authority to regulate knives.
05 _______________
06 * Section 1. AS 11.61.210(a) is amended to read:
07 (a) A person commits the crime of misconduct involving weapons in the
08 fourth degree if the person
09 (1) possesses on the person, or in the interior of a vehicle in which the
10 person is present, a firearm when the person's physical or mental condition is impaired
11 as a result of the introduction of an intoxicating liquor or a controlled substance into
12 the person's body in circumstances other than described in AS 11.61.200(a)(7);
13 (2) discharges a firearm from, on, or across a highway;
14 (3) discharges a firearm with reckless disregard for a risk of damage to
01 property or a risk of physical injury to a person under circumstances other than those
02 described in AS 11.61.195(a)(3)(A);
03 (4) manufactures, possesses, transports, sells, or transfers metal
04 knuckles;
05 (5) [MANUFACTURES,] sells [,] or transfers a switchblade or a
06 gravity knife to a person under 18 years of age without the prior written consent
07 of the person's parent or guardian;
08 (6) knowingly sells a firearm or a defensive weapon to a person under
09 18 years of age;
10 (7) other than a preschool, elementary, junior high, or secondary
11 school student, knowingly possesses a deadly weapon or a defensive weapon, without
12 the permission of the chief administrative officer of the school or district or the
13 designee of the chief administrative officer, within the buildings of, on the grounds of,
14 or on the school parking lot of a public or private preschool, elementary, junior high,
15 or secondary school, on a school bus while being transported to or from school or a
16 school-sponsored event, or while participating in a school-sponsored event, except that
17 a person 21 years of age or older may possess
18 (A) a deadly weapon, other than a loaded firearm, in the trunk
19 of a motor vehicle or encased in a closed container in a motor vehicle;
20 (B) a defensive weapon;
21 (C) an unloaded firearm if the person is traversing school
22 premises in a rural area for the purpose of entering public or private land that is
23 open to hunting and the school board with jurisdiction over the school
24 premises has elected to have this exemption apply to the school premises; in
25 this subparagraph, "rural" means a community with a population of 5,500 or
26 less that is not connected by road or rail to Anchorage or Fairbanks or with a
27 population of 1,500 or less that is connected by road or rail to Anchorage or
28 Fairbanks; or
29 (8) being a preschool, elementary, junior high, or secondary school
30 student, knowingly possesses a deadly weapon or a defensive weapon, within the
31 buildings of, on the grounds of, or on the school parking lot of a public or private
01 preschool, elementary, junior high, or secondary school, on a school bus while being
02 transported to or from school or a school-sponsored event, or while participating in a
03 school-sponsored event, except that a student may possess a deadly weapon, other
04 than a firearm as defined under 18 U.S.C. 921, or a defensive weapon if the student
05 has obtained the prior permission of the chief administrative officer of the school or
06 district or the designee of the chief administrative officer for the possession.
07 * Sec. 2. AS 11.61.220(a) is amended to read:
08 (a) A person commits the crime of misconduct involving weapons in the fifth
09 degree if the person
10 (1) is 21 years of age or older and knowingly possesses a deadly
11 weapon, other than an ordinary pocket knife or a defensive weapon,
12 (A) that is concealed on the person, and, when contacted by a
13 peace officer, the person fails to
14 (i) immediately inform the peace officer of that
15 possession; or
16 (ii) allow the peace officer to secure the deadly weapon,
17 or fails to secure the weapon at the direction of the peace officer,
18 during the duration of the contact;
19 (B) that is concealed on the person within the residence of
20 another person unless the person has first obtained the express permission of
21 an adult residing there to bring a concealed deadly weapon within the
22 residence;
23 (2) knowingly possesses a loaded firearm on the person in any place
24 where intoxicating liquor is sold for consumption on the premises;
25 (3) being an unemancipated minor under 16 years of age, possesses a
26 firearm, switchblade, or gravity knife without the consent of a parent or guardian of
27 the minor;
28 (4) knowingly possesses a firearm
29 (A) within the grounds of or on a parking lot immediately
30 adjacent to an entity, other than a private residence, licensed as a child care
31 facility under AS 47.32 or recognized by the federal government for the care of
01 children, except that a person 21 years of age or older may possess an unloaded
02 firearm in the trunk of a motor vehicle or encased in a closed container of a
03 motor vehicle;
04 (B) within a
05 (i) courtroom or office of the Alaska Court System; or
06 (ii) courthouse that is occupied only by the Alaska
07 Court System and other justice-related agencies; or
08 (C) within a domestic violence or sexual assault shelter that
09 receives funding from the state;
10 (5) possesses or transports a switchblade or a gravity knife; or
11 (6) is less than 21 years of age and knowingly possesses a deadly
12 weapon, other than an ordinary pocket knife or a defensive weapon, that is concealed
13 on the person.
14 * Sec. 3. AS 11.81.900(b) is amended by adding new paragraphs to read:
15 (65) "gravity knife" means any knife that has a blade that opens or
16 releases a blade from its handle or sheath by the force of gravity or by the application
17 of centrifugal force; "gravity knife" does not include a knife that has a spring, detent,
18 or other mechanism designed to create a bias toward closure that requires a person to
19 apply exertion to the blade by hand, wrist, or arm to overcome the bias toward closure
20 and open or release the blade;
21 (66) "switchblade" means any knife that has a blade that folds, closes,
22 or retracts into the handle or sheath that opens automatically by pressure applied to a
23 button or other device located on the handle or sheath; "switchblade" does not include
24 a knife that has a spring, detent, or other mechanism designed to create a bias toward
25 closure that requires exertion applied to the blade by hand, wrist, or arm to overcome
26 the bias toward closure and open the blade.
27 * Sec. 4. AS 29.10.200(40) is amended to read:
28 (40) AS 29.35.145 (regulation of firearms and knives);
30 (a) The authority to regulate firearms and knives is reserved to the state, and,
31 except as specifically provided by statute, a municipality may not enact or enforce an
01 ordinance regulating the possession, ownership, sale, transfer, use, carrying,
02 transportation, licensing, taxation, or registration of firearms or knives.
03 * Sec. 6. AS 29.35.145(b) is amended to read:
04 (b) Municipalities may enact and enforce ordinances
05 (1) that are identical to state law and that have the same penalty as
06 provided for by state law;
07 (2) restricting the discharge of firearms in any portion of their
08 respective jurisdictions where there is a reasonable likelihood that people, domestic
09 animals, or property will be jeopardized; ordinances enacted or enforced under this
10 paragraph may not abridge the right of the individual guaranteed by art. I, sec. 19,
11 Constitution of the State of Alaska, to bear arms in defense of self or others;
12 (3) restricting the areas in their respective jurisdictions in which
13 firearms or knives may be sold; a business selling firearms or knives may not be
14 treated more restrictively than other businesses located within the same zone; and
15 (4) prohibiting the possession of firearms or knives in the restricted
16 access area of municipal government buildings; the municipal assembly shall post
17 notice of the prohibition against possession of firearms or knives at each entrance to
18 the restricted access area.
19 * Sec. 7. AS 11.61.220(a)(5) is repealed.
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Eneida Marta has been chosen has one of the artists to be part of the new international project UMOJA — ONE LOVE FOR AFRICA.
ENEIDA MARTA takes part in THE NEW INTERNATIONAL
PROJECT UMOJA - ONE LOVE FOR AFRICA.
It has all started during a trip to Kenya, more specifically to Mombasa, when Alan Floyd was invited to a goodwill trip organized by the local government, last February 2020. The musical project UMOJA - ONE LOVE FOR AFRICA, already has the support, after just nine months, of more than 20 African countries, from several European countries, including Portugal, France and Sweden and from the United States of America.
A project that was born out of the desire to create an African unity through music and that aims to move artists, producers and everyone who wants to show their art, because, as Alan Floyd tells us, “There is no movement without music!”.
The final result will culminate in the interpretation of the theme UNITY (UMOJA), created by Alan Floyd and Shirko Salim, by the most diverse artists of the African diaspora.
So far, 37 singers have officially joined the Umoja machine, including the queen and soul of Guinean music, Eneida Marta. A UNICEFF ambassador for many years, Eneida makes supporting social causes her second profession, paying close attention and dedication to her country's problems and embracing all causes that can make her better and grow, both economically and socially.
Global operations director for the international tours of the unmistakable singer Beyoncé (with whom she has worked for 21 years since the foundation of Destiny's Child), tour manager for many other American stars like Jay Z or Mary J. Blige, businessman and, when he succeeds, musician and producer, Alan Floyd is also the son of one of the icons of soul and blues of the 60s, explaining his passion and dedication to the world of music.
Always looking for new ideas, trends and inspirations, it was during his last trip to Kenya, more specifically when visiting the studio of a talented local musician, that this project was born, when he was invited by this artist to return and compose a song with him. Combining the sounds of East African percussion, reggae notes and a little African-American beat, Alan Floyd and Shirko Salim created the theme UNITY, or in Swahili, UMOJA.
Returning to the United States, Alan contacted several friends in various parts of the world, sending them the music and asking for an opinion, which proved to be unanimous and extremely positive from Europe to South America, through Africa and through his own country. But Alan did not stop here, making this music available for free to other musicians, so that they could create their own interpretations. In addition to the musicians, this theme was also made available to filmmakers and television producers in order to be able to use it as a soundtrack for films and documentaries or any type of audiovisual content that aligns with the spirit of music UMOJA - ONE LOVE FOR AFRICA.
Revising herself strongly in the ideals of this project, it was with great pleasure that Eneida Marta accepted the invitation to sing and reinterpret the original UMOJA music, thus taking, once again, the name and music of her country abroad. More than a song, Eneida hopes that this new social movement will draw international attention to the various young people and new talents that exist in Guinea-Bissau, and in Africa, thus enhancing numerous opportunities for success yet to be discovered. A project that has as its central objective the growth of the African economy through the most diverse cultural initiatives, fostering and boosting transatlantic and multicultural artistic collaborations.
The music and video UNITY / UMOJA by Eneida Marta will be ready in early 2021. Stay tuned.
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geral@alg-eventos.pt
www.alg-eventos.pt
Loteamento Industrial de Loulé
Área B - Lote 33
8100-272 Loulé
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Moving or Relocation in Ohio Custody, Shared Parenting and Visitation Cases, Part 4
A Columbus Ohio Relocation Attorney article on Moving or Relocation.
This article is the fourth in a series about moving and how it relates to Ohio child custody, shared parenting and visitation. To read the other articles in this series, see
For purposes of this article, assume that moving parent and the non-moving parent have gone through the stages in the first three articles on this topic, and one or both parents have decided to go to court to seek a change of custody, shared parenting, or the school placement parent in a shared parenting plan. Ohio Revised Code 3109.04 requires a court find that there has been a change in circumstances before making this modification. In addition, the change cannot be a slight change; it must be a change of substance. See Davis v. Flickinger.
Pursuant to ORC 3109.04(E) the court must find that:
…a change has occurred in the circumstances of the Child, the Child’s residential parent, or either of the parents subject to a shared parenting decree, and that the modification is necessary to serve the best interest of the Child. In applying these standards, the Court shall retain the residential parent designated by the prior decree or the prior shared parenting decree, unless a modification is in the best interest of the Child and one of the following applies:
(i) The residential parent agrees to a change in the designation of residential parent, or both parents, under a shared parenting decree, agree to a change in the designation of residential parent.
(ii) The Child, with the consent of the residential parent or of both parents under a shared parenting decree, has been integrated into the family of the person seeking to become the residential parent.
(iii) The harm likely to be caused by a change of environment is outweighed by the advantages of the change of environment to the Child.
The Ohio Supreme Court, in MASTERS V. MASTERS 69 Ohio St.3d 83, found that a trial court abuses its discretion when it modifies custody based solely upon evidence that the residential parent intends to leave the State of Ohio with the Child. Many cases since have found that a move, in and of itself, does not constitute a change of circumstances. However, there are also many cases that have found circumstances attendant to a move which, combined with the move itself, may constitute a change of circumstances.
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Tag: Black Panther
Gamerverse
Categories: Comics, Games, Stream of Consciousness
I have more things to say about Spider-Man for the PS4!
I saw an ad the other day for a comic book adaptation of the game. It had a logo that said "Marvel Gamerverse".
Now, I assume this is just an umbrella label that Marvel is going to stick all its game-related comics under, and doesn't actually imply that there are going to be other games that take place in the same universe as Spider-Man (aside from the inevitable sequel, of course).
But it got me thinking: what's Spider-Man 2 going to look like, and what would it look like if there were other, non-Spider-Man games in the same series?
My first question is, what's Spider-Man 2 's map going to look like? The best thing about the first game is swinging around a fairly realistic version of Manhattan. It's not perfect, of course, and it gets less accurate the farther you get from midtown, but as somebody who's only been to New York once I was impressed by the verisimilitude. "Oh, that's Radio City Music Hall; that means Rockefeller Center is over this way."
How to expand on that? Should Spider-Man 2 include some of the outer boroughs? I'm not sure there's quite as much demand for swinging around Brooklyn and Queens, but I could dig it.
Otherwise, or in addition, they could also expand Manhattan, work on making it even more accurate than it already is. I suppose there'd be some cognitive dissonance there -- wait, this is supposed to be the same location as the first game; why is the map so different? -- but, ultimately, it's video games and you suspend your disbelief.
Alternately, the new game could take a cue from the upcoming Spider-Man: Far from Home and put Spidey down in some other city. But given the dangling plot threads left at the end of the previous game, I don't expect that to happen; I expect the sequel will still be based in New York.
Another thought I had: what other superheroes would function in a game like this?
The most obvious answer is Daredevil. He's another street-level Marvel superhero who gets around by leaping across rooftops. He'd be a natural fit, and the game could also find a way to work some compelling courtroom drama into the out-of-costume sequences. Plus, some creative design choices could do some really cool shit with DD's heightened senses. (One of the most memorable moments in Spider-Man was when I heard a voice over my shoulder and it startled me. You wouldn't be able to make a Daredevil game that required the player to have a surround sound system or play the game with headphones, but you could certainly design the sound so that it would benefit from those things, where available.)
But you know who I'd really like to see in a Spider-Man -esque game? Black Panther.
BP is another character with a relatively modest super-power set, who can run up buildings and leap across rooftops. He'd be perfect. And as cool as Manhattan is in Spider-Man , a game set in Wakanda would provide an opportunity for more creative city design. Where Spider-Man benefits from a realistic recreation of a real-life city (with some Marvel Comics embellishments like Avengers Tower and the Sanctum Sanctorum), game designers would have the freedom to design Birnin Zana however they want (much like Gotham City in the Arkham games). Picture a Golden City as big and detailed as Spider-Man 's Manhattan -- yeah, that's a game I want to play.
Tags: Black Panther, Daredevil, Marvel, PS4, Spider-Man
Important Comics
Categories: Comics, Politics, Stream of Consciousness, TV
Today's the anniversary of a couple of things.
It would have been Jack Kirby's 96th birthday.
And, more importantly -- as the King himself would surely have acknowledged --, it's the fiftieth anniversary of the March on Washington.
I was at a loss for precisely how I was going to tie these two events together in the same post -- and then I remembered Congressman John Lewis has a comic book out.
Stephen Colbert interviewed him a couple of weeks back:
Lewis discusses not only his new comic trilogy, March , but a comic that inspired him in 1957: Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story . An excellent summary by Andrew Aydin at Creative Loafing Atlanta says:
Richard Deats, [the Fellowship of Reconciliation]'s Director of Communications in the 1990s, laid out FOR's motivation and purpose behind the comic in a 1997 letter, saying, "The comic book was originally intended to convey to semiliterate persons the story of nonviolence and its effectiveness as seen in the Montgomery movement. The medium of the highly popular comic book was believed to be the best way to reach masses of exploited African-Americans."
And that's what comic books were: they were a way of reaching the masses. They were literature for the illiterate.
And as with all mass-media means of distributing information to the poor, this upset the elites.
When comics first appeared in American newspapers around the turn of the twentieth century, they were seen as gutter trash. In the decades that followed, they were scapegoated for society's ills, culminating in Senate hearings, the Comics Code Authority, and the devastation of an entire American art form.
In a way, Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story was exactly what the elites feared: it upset the social structure. It gave teenagers like John Lewis ideas.
It's ironic that the comics medium's greatest foe, Fredric Wertham, was also an ardent progressive in the Civil Rights Movement -- if he had never written Seduction of the Innocent , he would instead be best remembered for the doll study used in Brown v Board . Wertham was right, in a way, about comics' potential as a disruptive force, as a powerful tool for influencing young people -- but he chose to fear the imagined impact of fictional crime and horror stories, rather than see the true potential of comics as a force for good, for education, for organization, for social justice.
Kirby, of course, saw boundless potential in comics, in a way few people ever have. He used comics to advocate for social change, too, though he preferred fiction and metaphor, and is best remembered as a superhero artist (though his work crossed all genres and invented some). He saw superheroes as modern mythological figures -- as New Gods -- as aspirational avatars.
In the 1940's, Kirby co-created Captain America, advocating for US intervention in WWII when that was still a controversial position. In the 1970's, his Forever People were technologically-advanced, alien hippies. In the 1960's, The Fantastic Four gave us The Hate-Monger, a supervillain in a Klan hood who turned out to be Adolf Hitler himself. It also gave us this guy:
That image is courtesy of Brian Cronin's Comic Book Legends Revealed, which notes that the Black Panther didn't look like that in the final published comic -- his half-mask was replaced with a full mask, making it less immediately obvious that the Black Panther was, in fact, a black man -- indeed, possibly the first black superhero. (Inevitably when you refer to a comic book character as "the first" of anything, that's going to lead to debate -- sometimes that debate can miss the point entirely and turn into mere nitpicking over comic book trivia, though other times, as in Who Was the First Black Superhero? by JV Halliburton II, it can explore the richness of comic history and highlight all the important characters who have helped to build and shape it and make it more diverse.)
Today Mark Evanier wrote a lovely remembrance of his friend and mentor, and among many other things he had this to say:
Jack was all about something new, something exciting and something that took whatever he was doing to the next level. [...] Jack was first and foremost interested in producing something that would take comics to some new plateau, creating new opportunities and new possibilities.
Kirby believed in comics. So did Martin Luther King and Alfred Hassler. So does John Lewis.
And so does Jillian Kirby. I've written before about her Kirby4Heroes fundraiser for the Hero Initiative, a charity that helps struggling comic creators. As we celebrate her grandfather's birthday, don't forget about the less fortunate who have helped shape the comics medium over the years and decades.
Tags: Black Panther, Censorship, DC, Fredric Wertham, Hero Initiative, Jack Kirby, John Lewis, Marvel, MLK, Race, Stephen Colbert
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Volume & Issue: Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2020, Pages 945-1020
Original Research Article Organic Chemistry
1. A novel and simple strategy for the synthesis of γ-carboline
Sunil V. Gaikwad; Milind V. Gaikwad; Pradeep D. Lokhande
Volume 2, Issue 9 , September 2020, Pages 945-952
http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/ecc.2020.111004
This study introduces a novel and efficient approach for the oxidative aromatization of tetrahydro-γ-carboline using CuCl2.2H2O and I2, H2O2 in DMSO. This method was applied for all kinds of C-3 substituted tetrahydro-γ-carboline (THγC) units to access the corresponding aromatic γ-carbolines. ... Read More This study introduces a novel and efficient approach for the oxidative aromatization of tetrahydro-γ-carboline using CuCl2.2H2O and I2, H2O2 in DMSO. This method was applied for all kinds of C-3 substituted tetrahydro-γ-carboline (THγC) units to access the corresponding aromatic γ-carbolines. With a 0.25 mol% CuCl2. 2H2O as a catalyst, THγC could be efficiently oxidized to γ-carboline at 100 °C with excellent yield. This protocol was also generalized for the aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid to corresponding β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. The entire synthesized new compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectroscopy technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first synthesis of γ-carbolines via an oxidative aromatization of THγC.
Original Research Article Pharmaceutical Chemistry
2. Comparing different extraction methods for oral syrup formulation of major bioactive compounds from Cordia Myxa fruit
Arash Larki; Nader Shakiba Maram; Amanollah Zarei Ahmady; Neda Mohtasham; Ladan Mafakher; Nooshin Khelghati; Ehsan Hedayati
The fruit of Cordia myxa (C. myxa) is widely used for the treatment of respiratory and urinary infections, and as a diuretic, astringent, demulcent and expectorant agent. Other pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic, antitumor and antioxidants activity ... Read More The fruit of Cordia myxa (C. myxa) is widely used for the treatment of respiratory and urinary infections, and as a diuretic, astringent, demulcent and expectorant agent. Other pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic, antitumor and antioxidants activity have also been reported for C. myxa by other studies. This study aimed to compare different extraction methods and offer a way to produce an easy-to-use formulation. In this study, extracts from the fresh and dried fruits of C. myxa were obtained using four extraction methods including soxhlet, maceration, percolation and digestion. Extraction from the dried fruits showed better results compared with that of the fresh fruits. Also, the soxhlet method of extraction using dry powdered fruits was the most efficient for extraction of active components of C. myxa fruits. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the aqueous extract of fruits to be full of active ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Steroids, carbohydrates, and saponins. Finally, an oral syrup formulation from C. myxa fruits extract was prepared for the first time and its physicochemical properties such as light transmittance, visual inspection, pH measurement, sucrose concentration, viscosity, and antimicrobial tests were evaluated. The applied method is a quite easy, simple, environmental friendly and convenient way for extraction and oral syrup preparation of C. myxa fruits.
Original Research Article Inorganic chemistry
3. Synthesis, characterization, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and antibacterial activities of five-coordinate complexes of some first-row transition metals containing a benzoyl thiourea derivative
Javad Farzanfar; Elahe Abdolahe; Amir Eskandari; Ali Reza Rezvani; Hojat Samareh Delarami
Using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies, as well as conductivity measurements, synthesis of 5 first-row transition metal complexes, including [M(L')(H2O)2] (M=Mn (C1), Fe (C2), Co (C3), Ni (C4), Cu (C5)) relevant to a benzoyl thiourea ligand, which was ... Read More Using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies, as well as conductivity measurements, synthesis of 5 first-row transition metal complexes, including [M(L')(H2O)2] (M=Mn (C1), Fe (C2), Co (C3), Ni (C4), Cu (C5)) relevant to a benzoyl thiourea ligand, which was derived by condensing 2-chlorobenzoyl-isothiocyanate with 2,6-diaminopyridine, to produce 1,1'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-(2-chlorobenzoyl) thiourea) (L) was conducted. The structures proposed for the five complexes were confirmed through the application of conformational analysis and geometry optimization. These compounds were studied in vitro in terms of antibacterial properties against the standard gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, and their superior antibacterial activities compared to those of the new thiourea derivative were proven through the experiments.
Original Research Article Management in Chemistry
4. Contribution of strategic human resource management towards the growth of the modern era organizations: A research study on the Indian retail industry
Biswa Bhusan; Ashok Kumar Sar
The strategic model of business is interlinked with the development of organizational productivity. In this context, organizational strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices regarding employee engagement and firm performance have helped to secure a competitive position in the market. Apart ... Read More The strategic model of business is interlinked with the development of organizational productivity. In this context, organizational strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices regarding employee engagement and firm performance have helped to secure a competitive position in the market. Apart from this, a wide range of activities and resource-based views by SHRM has been accomplished to expand professional opportunities for the workforce. Development of the workforce has helped to increase organizational production as well as brand image in the market. Besides, proper implementation of SHRM practices has played a role in developing a healthy work environment for the employees. It is also useful for introducing a positive impact on the market due to appropriate concern on employee activities. This research has discussed the role of SHRM in business strategy with the aid of some evidence based on instances from Indian retail industry.
Original Research Article Analytical chemistry
5. Selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor for methocarbamol determination by molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrode
Mahmood Payehghadr; Yeganeh Taherkhani; Abbas Maleki; Farzaneh Nourifard
A molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrode for determination of methocarbamol drug was constructed and used in aqueous and biological samples. The MIP was synthesized by methacrylic acid as monomer, azobis isobutyronitrile as initiator and methocarbamol as analyte with precipitation ... Read More A molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrode for determination of methocarbamol drug was constructed and used in aqueous and biological samples. The MIP was synthesized by methacrylic acid as monomer, azobis isobutyronitrile as initiator and methocarbamol as analyte with precipitation polymerization process. The oxidation voltamograms of analyte using MIP modified nickel ferrite catalyst electrode with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) by potentiostat – galvanostat device were obtained. The methocarbamol drug has amine groups in its structure, thus it is affected by the medium pH, and the effect of this factor on the electrode response was investigated. In optimum conditions, 4% MIP, 8% nanoparticles catalyst, and pH 3, 1.0×10-5M standard solution of methocarbamol was prepared and studied by DPV and CV mode. The dynamic calibration ranges, 3.0×10-8 - 3.0×10-6 M, detection limit of the method 1.3×10-8 M and RSD of the method for two measurements 3.33% and 1.00% was obtained.
6. Impact of Covid-19 crisis on Indian MSME sector: A study on remedial measures
Arundhati Roy; B.C.M Patnaik; Ipseeta Satpathy
Volume 2, Issue 9 , September 2020, Pages 991-1000
The study highlighted that a higher number of MSMEs comprising manufacturing and retail firms have shut down their businesses temporarily during the nationwide lockdown. We analysed literature related to the topic addressed by this study. It was found that the relief package was not sufficient to compensate ... Read More The study highlighted that a higher number of MSMEs comprising manufacturing and retail firms have shut down their businesses temporarily during the nationwide lockdown. We analysed literature related to the topic addressed by this study. It was found that the relief package was not sufficient to compensate for the losses faced by business entrepreneurs of MSMEs in India. Furthermore, many people migrated from rural regions to urban regions in search of better job opportunities, which worsened the situation. In this research, a secondary qualitative analysis has been applied. With the aid of a narrative thematic description based on the role of the relief fund and nationwide lockdown pandemic situation, we probed into the disruptive situation of the Indian MSME sector. Additionally, the preparation of keywords was realized through a Boolean table and an illustration of PRISMA helped to define the search strategy for this research. Other perceptions of the research method were also discussed. The results showed that manufacturers of both non-essential goods as well as essential goods suffered loss close to 50% during the pandemic. Furthermore, small businesses in India experienced a drastic contraction in business due to a negative growth rate of net sales. It was discussed that the strategy of providing facilities of credit would enable business entrepreneurs to adopt the latest technology such as e-commerce. Probable recommendations included disbursement of credit guarantee schemes, provision of subsidies and extension of tenure of repayment of loans.
PDF 1011.73 K
7. Critically analysing the concept of workplace flexibility and how it impacts employee and organizational performance: A case of the retail industry in India
Volume 2, Issue 9 , September 2020, Pages 1001-1010
Workplace flexibility is considered as an important factor in organizational behaviour in terms of maintaining employees’ productivity as well as organizational performance. This research has discussed the role of flexible working patterns in terms of improving employees’ engagement and commitment ... Read More Workplace flexibility is considered as an important factor in organizational behaviour in terms of maintaining employees’ productivity as well as organizational performance. This research has discussed the role of flexible working patterns in terms of improving employees’ engagement and commitment towards organizations. It depicts the relationship between employees’ engagement and organizational production improvement. Also, workplace flexibility is important for improving organizational performance by enhancing job satisfaction among the workers. However, the sedentary behaviour and undisciplined nature by employees have created barriers for the use of workplace flexibility. On the other hand, excessive work pressure by employers during flexible working arrangements has negatively influenced the performance of employees. Apart from this, the thematic description of the research has revealed the role of workplace flexibility in improving work-life balance regarding employees. Moreover, the narrative and relevant description have helped to highlight the role of workplace flexibility in enhancing employees' performance as a part of organizational improvement.
8. Consolidated recommendations to change GST patterns for managing the impact of Covid-19: A case in India
The Finance Commission of India stated that FY 2020-21 was full of uncertainties and the pandemic led to the creation of an uncertain economic environment of the SME sector in India. However, the implications of COVID-19 have been relatively more devastating for small and medium-sized business enterprises ... Read More The Finance Commission of India stated that FY 2020-21 was full of uncertainties and the pandemic led to the creation of an uncertain economic environment of the SME sector in India. However, the implications of COVID-19 have been relatively more devastating for small and medium-sized business enterprises in India. The literature review based on the analysis of the secondary journals showed that the filing of GST returns led to a constraint of working capital faced by business owners of SMEs. Moreover, it was also inferred that the denial of credit on input taxes on GST resulted in a further deterioration of business for SMEs, which were a part of the food sector. However, results from secondary research signified that the financial situation of rural SMEs has become volatile due to job losses, weak financial quarterly income, salary cuts and lower volume of sales. A majority of 61% of business owners of SMEs in India decided to lower their respective scale of business operations during the pandemic. The feasible recommendation will be to exempt the business owners from paying penalties. Also, GST charges would be levied after the deduction of ITC charges. It can be concluded that the optimal way for managing the way entrepreneurs of SMEs manage business operations is to file GST returns in a quarterly manner, rather than per month. Besides, additional recommendations such as computing ITC and GST charges via the auto-generated system and re-setting the rate of interest subvention were proposed by the researcher.
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Brazil approves bids for 71 wind farms
Brazil has approved the bids for the construction and operation of 71 wind farms with a combined capacity of 1,805 MW in the first auction of rights to this alternative energy source in the country.
The 71 facilities, which will use 773 wind turbines, could start operating on July 1, 2012, under 20-year franchise agreements.
During the first 20 years of operation, the wind farms will produce a total of 132,015 GWh of electricity, or 1.4 % more than the Itaipu hydroelectric plant generates in one year, the Electric Energy Marketing Association, which oversaw the auction, estimates.
The wind farms' construction, according to Energy and Mines Ministry figures, will cost about reais 9.4 bn (some $ 5.38 bn).
The vast majority of the facilities will be located in north-eastern Brazil, a poor region that has conditions suitable for generating electricity using wind turbines.
Rio Grande do Norte state will be home to 23 of the approved wind farms, while 21 of the alternative energy facilities will be in Ceara, 18 in Bahia and 1 in Sergipe. Rio Grande do Sul, a state in extreme southern Brazil, will be home to the 8 other wind farms.
Brazil currently has 36 wind farms with a generating capacity of 602 MW in operation, while 10 projects with a capacity of 256.4 MW are under construction and 45 other wind farms with a potential capacity of 2,139 MW have been approved.
Source / EFE
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George Dole
George Dole has been working for Jones Whitsett Architects for the past eighteen years. He graduated from Wesleyan University with a B.A in Studio Art and went on to receive his Masters of Architecture from University of California, Berkeley. He previously worked in San Francisco for Robinson Mills and Williams, Architects and Interior Design.
George has worked both in construction and architecture, giving him a good understanding of both sides of the process. He has also taught as an AutoCAD Instructor at Keene State College. He has served as a Trustee for the Shelburne Free Public Library and on the Board of Directors for the Mary Lyon Foundation.
office@joneswhitsett.com
© Copyright 2018, Jones Whitsett Architects, All Rights Reserved
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The Sunday Times >> Articles printed in The Sunday Times
City lawyers feel the chill
Britain’s top law firms expanded dramatically during the financial boom but, just as they rose with the City, they are now declining with it. One lawyer said: “Two American firms have gone under. I don’t think that’s going to happen in the UK, but we’re expecting a lot of jobs to be lost.”
Partners, especially those with equity in the business, should be particularly worried. They were once guaranteed jobs for life and earnings of more than £1m a year. Now more than 15% of the 12,000 partners in the City’s top firms could go.
Michael (not his real name) has been a partner in a second-tier law firm for more than 20 years. “My firm isn’t restructuring yet, but obviously we’re hearing about the top firms – the so called ‘magic circle’ – shedding dozens of partners in a bid to maintain profitability,” he said. “I’m worried about my performance – if I don’t deliver a certain profit, I earn less. But I’m not worried about my job yet because my firm is more collegiate and less cutthroat.”
It has been a miserable time for City law firms. Clifford Chance, Addleshaw Goddard, SJ Berwin and Baker & McKen-zie have announced a series of redundancies that brings the total number of law jobs lost during the credit crunch to more than 2,000. Some partners will not lose their jobs but will be stripped of equity.
Last week there was a leak that Linklaters, the world’s second-largest law firm, could cut 70 of its 540 partners, and 10% of more junior lawyers, as it focuses on fewer, more profitable, clients.
Law firms are in uncharted waters. In recent years many have undergone a change from a collegiate model to a corporate one. Some insiders claim that respect for “old-fashioned law” with a premium on technical excellence has now been replaced by the need for senior staff to generate business and manage client relationships.
“I hustle,” said Michael. “I go on trips. I contact potential clients. I take new products to sell. Big firms have institutional clients, who get handed on from generation to generation. If you have been sitting at your desk, waiting for your client to ring up and tell you what to do, life is now going to be tough. Who will want you?”
Catrin Griffiths, editor of The Lawyer, described the climate as a “perfect storm” and went on to predict that nearly all law firms would make redundancies, with women in junior positions possibly bearing the brunt of the job losses. “There are now more women than men entering the profession,” she said. “It has been hugely popular for graduates because, until recently, it has been seen as more secure than the City.”
According to Griffiths, the recession and dearth of work from some areas, such as private equity and property, have combined with a drive for greater professionalism and corporate management. “Top law firms have already been looking at outsourcing work, sometimes sending it to India. They have been looking at using agency lawyers. Now they are looking at which areas they are going to get work from in the next three years, and making adjustments accordingly.”
Few managing partners would be bold enough to predict which areas will remain profitable. One legal expert reported that, at the end of the Christmas holidays, most returned to their desks unable to judge how to set a budget for the year ahead.
While mid-sized and regional firms across Britain struggled in the last quarter of 2008, larger firms continued to see profits from international work in the Middle East, the Far East and Russia, paid for in euros and dollars, which have appreciated greatly against sterling.
Senior partners were often shuffled off overseas rather than face redundancies at home. But that source of work has begun drying up too as the recession goes global, and those partners have been brought home to face a bleak future. “Even Dubai is quiet,” one lawyer reported glumly.
Legal work on complicated financial products may have vanished, but some firms will be able to benefit from a surge in work on restructuring, insolvency and litigation.
The bigger deals could lead to fees of more than £30m and are likely to be fought over by many firms. Linklaters has more than 100 lawyers working on the Lehman Brothers administration. Slaughter and May, one of the City’s most traditional and successful practices, bagged the role of legal adviser to the Treasury and has worked on the nationalisation of Northern Rock.
Griffiths said: “It’s about retooling. There are new areas. As a partner it is no longer enough to be a good lawyer. You have to be all-singing and all-dancing – technically excellent but also a mentor and an income generator.
“Another aspect to consider is that law firms are structured on the basis that people will rise through the ranks and then leave. When there is a recession fewer people leave because there are fewer opportunities. At the moment law firms have hangers-on. Some will have to go.”
With many of those hangers-on at the senior end of the profession, employment lawyer James Davies from Lewis Silkin solicitors warns that firms should be careful of age discrimination.
“If you are a partner and you are 55, you probably know that you will not be getting another job. You have nothing to lose by claiming age discrimination against your former employer and asking for up to £4m,” he said. “It is easier to get rid of partners than salaried staff, but because the process is also less transparent, firms should ensure that they can justify their decision-making.”
Despite such predictions, a survey released on Thursday by Legal Week claimed that more than half of City lawyers still felt secure in their positions.
Our source, Michael, said he remained confident about his own future, and that of his firm. “The situation will get worse,” he said, “but I’ve been through two recessions and I know things will improve. Firms will get leaner, and they will come out stronger.”
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St. Nicholas Orthodox Church - New Castle PA
In about 1890 the first group of immigrants known as Rusyns, an ethnic group from the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary in Central Europe, settled on the South Side of New Castle, Pennsylvania. This is some dispute on the origin and actual heritage of the Rusyns, who are sometimes referred to as Carpatho-Rusyns or simply Ruthenians. Today, most people identifying themselves as Rusyns reside in the Slovak Republic, Ukraine, or Poland. Most of those who came to New Castle worked in the Aetna Iron Works (Aetna Furnace), a plant on the west bank of the Shenango River that produced iron bars and nails for construction.
Most of the Rusyns that immigrated to the United States settled in western Pennsylvania and brought their own distinct brand of the Eastern Orthodox religion. With married priests within its ranks the Eastern Orthodox Church was often at odds with the mainstream Roman Catholic authorities in the United States. On a larger scale the Eastern Orthodox Church had been at odds with the Roman Catholic Church since a schism (concerning the authority of the Pope) dating back to the 11th Century. This was essentially a battle between the East and the West – the Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox (also known as Greek Catholics) against the Latin-speaking Roman Catholics.
In 1910 the Rusyns, and other closely associated people, founded an Orthodox congregation in New Castle they called St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church. It’s likely the congregation – associated with the Orthodox Church – had issues obtaining an official charter due using the word “Catholic,” when they were not associated with the Roman Catholic Church. Soon after its establishment the St. Nicholas congregation purchased a small wooden frame church, built by the Welsh Congregational Church, at the corner of South Mill and East Reynolds Streets.
The New Castle News of Saturday, February 12, 1910, reported, “A deal was consummated Friday whereby the old Welsh Congregational church property at South Mill and Reynolds street was disposed of to the Greek Catholic church. The consideration was in the neighborhood of $5,000. Since the erection of the new edifice on East Reynolds between Mill and Jefferson streets, the Welsh Congregation has had no use for the old property and some time ago decided to dispose of it.”
The new St. Nicholas congregation was initially served by the Reverend John Danilovich until 1917, when the Reverend Myron Volkay arrived to succeed him. In 1918, as part of a building program, the small church was left in place and used as the foundation as a larger brick church and adjoining rectory were built around it. The old wooden building was essentially encased in brick and enlarged to the rear.
An article in the New Castle News of Saturday, August 31, 1918, explains more about the remodeling effort: “Three bells costing $2,000 have been ordered for the church tower and are expected to be here for the Monday morning service, but owing to freight shipping conditions, they may not arrive in time. A handsome new model altar and some fifty or sixty handsome oil paintings for the interior of the church have also been ordered and will be put in place in the church as soon as they arrive… The remodeling of the former church building and the erection of the parish home has been accomplished at a cost of approximately $26,000… The congregation will also spend at least $12,000 on the interior decoration of the church edifice.”
A high mass and dedication and blessing of the cornerstone was held on Monday, September 2, 1918, and overseen by the distinguished Reverend Canon Valentine Gorzo (1869-1943) from McKeesport. The New Castle News of Wednesday, September 3, 1918, mentioned that within the cornerstone “…were placed a list of the priests present, newspapers, religious and other articles of value to future generations, the members of the parish were addressed in their native tongue by the Very Reverend Peter Tarnovsky of Cleveland. Rev. Fr. F. F. O’Shea followed with an address in English, in which he spoke of the fact that the Catholic church holds its unity of faith, even though in different languages, rites and liturgies.”
Immediately following the dedication ceremony at the church a congregational parade around the south side was undertaken, followed by a picnic outing at Dewey Park on the west side. Meanwhile, the remodeling of the church continued, which included the addition of beautiful new pews in April 1919.
Much of the effort of the early expansion was led by church members such as Stephen Teplica Sr., who was born in the same small town of Nizne Repase in the modern-day Slovak Republic, and the Reverend Myron Volkay, who transferred to Pittsburgh in early November 1918 and converted to the mainstream Roman Catholic Church. Over the next two years the church was served by four different reverends to include George J. Chegin, Nicholas Duda, Ernest Suba, and Alexander Papp.
The church was officially chartered in early 1920. The New Castle News of Tuesday, January 27, 1920, reported, “Charter for St. Nicholas Greek Catholic church was placed on record at the register and recorder’s office this morning. The incorporaters are George Kalleson, John F. Hromyak, John Brunko, George Klenadich, Vasco Hromyak, E. Horvat, John Tinko, George Warso, Andy Hriee.”
Sometime in 1920 the helm of pastor was taken over by the Reverend Stephan Varzaly (1890-1957), who left Austria-Hungary (hailing from the modern-day Slovak Republic) in 1920 to come to New Castle and was soon followed by his family. He led the church for the next eleven years or so and later became a leading activist for the Rusyn cause in the United States. Subsequent priests who guided the church over the next three decades included Joseph Milly, Michael Hrabar, Philip Grusheizky, George Maley, Andrew Sabak, Stephen Kolcon, Andrew Pankov, and Daniel Donovan.
It was under the guidance of the Reverend Daniel Donovan, who served as pastor from 1955-1957, that the blessing of the Iconostasis, a large traditional screen or wall of icons and religious paintings, took place on Sunday, October 7, 1956. The New Castle News from Saturday, October 6, 1956, explained, “According to Canon Law, an Orthodox Church may not be consecrated without an Iconostas. Thus, the blessing is actually the summit and completion of the local St Nicholas church. It is proper only for the bishop to bless the Iconostas since he is the highest superior of the diocese.” The Bishop Orestes P. Chornock (1883-1977) of Bridgeport, Connecticut, presided over the blessing.
Bishop Chornock, who battled Roman Catholic Church authorities for many years, helped found the breakaway American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of the U.S.A (ACROD) back in 1938 – of which St. Nicholas eventually became a member. This must have happened in the late 1950’s because that’s when “Greek Catholic” was generally replaced with “Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Catholic” in the Church’s name – i.e. St. Nicholas Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Catholic Church. In later years the church, whose parishioners increasingly came from different ethnic backgrounds, dropped the moniker of “Carpatho-Russian” to become known simply as St. Nicholas Orthodox Church.
Donovan departed in May 1957 and subsequent pastors included the Reverend Michael Hutnyan from 1957-1959, Charles Panchisin from 1959-1962, and John Stefanik from 1962-1968. When Stefanik departed abruptly in March 1968 to take up another post in East Chicago, Indiana, the congregation was apparently without a regular pastor for some time. In the early summer of 1969 the youthful Reverend Richard G. Salley, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, arrived from an assignment in Indiana Harbor, Indiana, to take over as pastor. Salley, who became very active in civic affairs, has guided his faithful flock in New Castle ever since.
The Orthodox congregation of St. Nicholas remains strong to this day. Current parishioners celebrated the 100th anniversary of their church during a ceremony and mass led by the Reverend Salley and other dignitaries on Sunday, October 31, 2010. Salley celebrated forty-six years of faithful service to St. Nicholas Orthodox Church in May 2015.
My maternal great grandparents John and Mary (Brinczkova) LaPatka, immigrants from Austria-Hungary who settled in Chewton in 1901, and their children attended this Orthodox church for many years. The photo above depicts their daughter Irene LaPatka, on the day she married an Italian named George DeMarc of West Pittsburg. George & Irene (my grandparents) are standing in front, while their siblings Pauline LaPatka & Charles DeMarc Jr. (obscured) are in back. (Nov 16, 1946) Full Size
A copy of my maternal grandmother Irene LaPatka’s baptism certificate from St. Nicholas. (1945) Full Size
(Mar 2013) Full Size
Thank you for this tremendous site. I was born in Jameson Hospital in 1951 and attended St. Nicholas with my parents George and Mary (Flyak) Kovacs and grandparents Peter and Susan (Duda) Kovacs and Michael and Martha (Lison) Flyak. Peter, who died in 1926, made the wooden knocker used in Good Friday services. My relatives are buried in the St. Nicholas Cemetery on Copper Road off of Route 422. Martha Lison was born and raised in Nizne Repase, Slovakia, and Michael Flyak lived nearby. There’s a great website (www.cisarik.com/cemetery-niznerepase.htm) that shows pictures of Nizne Repase including the cemetery with its rather elaborate markers for Lisons, Teplicas, and many others.
I moved to Cleveland with my parents and sister Marilyn in 1966 but remain interested in Lawrence County. We lived on Cascade Street across from Blair Strip Steel and as kids used to explore the old cement factory behind Blairs. I recently discovered from aerial views that there were two more cement factories north of County Line Road by the limestone quarries. I found out that Lehigh Cement bought them from their New Castle owners and abandoned them in the depression. I’d love to know more about these impressive structures and how cement was made there. Our house and neighboring houses were originally cement company houses – there were even cement curbs marking the boundaries. Memories, memories…
— Richard Kovacs · 06/19/2012 02:58 PM · #
(EDITOR’S NOTE) Richard, Thanks so much for the post and the compliments. Small world. My maternal great grandmother Maria “Mary” (Brinczkova) LaPatka was also born in Nizne Repase back in 1882 and her future husband, Jan “John” LaPatka, was born nearby in Olsavica. They met in Pittsburgh and moved to Chewton. They attended St. Nicholas Church and were later buried in St. Nicholas Cemetery. In fact six relatives of mine from the LaPatka family are buried at the cemetery as well… I’ll try to find out more about the cement plants you mentioned. Thanks for taking the time to post your comments! Jeff
— Jeff Bales Jr · 07/29/2012 01:22 PM · #
It’s evident that the church cornerstone visible in the wedding photo above is different from that on your color photo; presumably the wedding photo shows the original cornerstone. Any chance it can be made out more clearly from your original photo, perhaps scanned at higher resolution?
(I ask because I am working for over 20 years on a history of the Carpatho-Rusyn immigrant settlement of the entire state of Pennsylvania, and these little details are of great interest.)
— Rich Custer · 03/09/2013 11:04 AM · #
(EDITOR’S NOTE) Rich, It appears that your assumption is correct. A closer look at the old photo reveals what looks like five rows of text, vice the four in the newer photo. I know that according to the New Castle News within the original cornerstone was placed, “…a list of the priests present, newspapers, religious and other articles of value to future generations…” If it is a new cornerstone these days I suspect the old stone was removed and opened – perhaps during the 100th anniversary in September 2010. I’ll see what I can find out. Not sure I’ll be able to get a clearer view of the stone from the old photo but I’ll see what I can do. Thanks so much for your inquiry! Maybe we will solve this mystery yet. Jeff
— Jeff Bales Jr. · 03/11/2013 02:41 PM · #
I am doing a lot of research on my gyneology. My father left SE Poland in the 1940’s and I believe I may be related to Stephen Varzaly. Historical records indicate that in 1921 Stephen Varzaly left Austria-Hungary to come to St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church in New Castel, Pa. His wife and “six” children followed. Note that Stephen had seven children, not six. I am trying to figure out which child stayed behind in the Slovakia area. The seven children’s names were: Eugene Varzaly, Stepen Varzaly, George Varzaly, Adela Varzaly Matiak, Dolores Varzaly Amman, Martha Varzaly Gaydos and Maria Louisa Varzaly Lazor. I suspect it was Maria Lazor that stayed behind but I would love to confirm that with decendents of the Varzaly family. Regards, Ed Lazor
— Ed Lazor · 10/24/2013 02:43 AM · #
My father, Rev. Andrew I. Sabak, served the New Castle Church 1945-1949 as his first parish after ordination as seen above with his name on the baptismal records extract. However, neither he nor Father Varzaly and other priests who were very proud of being Carpatho-Russians (as seen on the cornerstone) would recognize the recent word “Rusyns”, which word did not exist back then. Father Varzaly was extremely pro-Russian, as were the bulk of our people from current-day Slovakia and Ukraine.
— Andrew Sabak · 01/31/2014 06:15 PM · #
I am doing gynecology search. My grandfather’s name is Julis Gorzo the son of Rev. Valentine Gorzo. I would like to know if he married his son and you could tell me when and if he did, how could I get a copy of the marriage license?
— Doris Aguilar (Gorzo) · 02/03/2014 10:45 PM · #
My maternal grandparents came from Nizne Repase and went to St. Nicholas. They were Joseph and Maria Flack ( were original Flyak but the Ellis Island people Americanized their name ). They lived at 417 E. Reynolds St. My paternal grandparents were from Spisska Nova Ves ( Samuel and Maria Boratko ).
— Eugene ( Gene ) Boratko · 02/11/2014 12:03 PM · #
I amgiving a presentation to the Carpatho-Rusyn Society of Youngston on the C-R churches of Lawrence and Merer counties in PA and Mahoning and Trumbill counties of Ohio. I am seeking information on Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church of New Castle (founded in 1909).
— john schweich · 02/16/2014 09:55 PM · #
HELP ! I would appreciate any information you might have on my patriarchal grandmothers roots from NIZNE REPASNE
Not sure if the spelling is correct but the surnames are BRINCKO, LISON/LESON, lAGONA/LAGANOVA.
— DAVID · 06/16/2014 12:39 PM · #
Wow, so many great posts.
1) Jeff, thank you for the kind words. I have seen the LaPatka family markers in the cemetery.
2) Rich Custer, thank you for working on a history of the Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants. I will be crediting your fine work in my family memoirs.
3) Ed, I had good luck accessing digital records (not the original handwritten documents) from Ancestry.com’s Family Search (Mormon LDS records) of baptisms in the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia. The church placed a 100 year block on the original documents. Even though the ones I requested are older, there are still records on the same film roll within the 100 year period, so you cannot access any of them! But you can see the digital records that were typed into a computer by an archivist. It shows the names, dates, events, etc. For some reason my maternal grandmother’s digital record is missing and I asked them to check the film roll for it, but all of her siblings are there.
4) Andrew, you are correct that in our youth we were considered to be American Carpathian Russians and members of the Orthodox Christian Greek Catholic Church, usually stated, I believe, as St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox American Greek Catholic Church.
The term ‘Carpatho-Rusyn’ and its Latinized name ‘Ruthenian’ have early roots. Friends of mine whose family came from the same region in Slovakia as my grandparents insist that we are Ruthenian, not Russian. That sentiment evidently has spread.
The state of Kievan Rus’ was established in 882 CE by Varangians (Swedish Vikings) who invaded the area. Russia, which the Varangians settled in 862—the beginning of Russian history—is derived from ‘Rus’. Kievan Rus’ fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s. Area Slavic states became part of the Golden Horde Empire, parts of which lasted until 1480. One of the impacts of the Mongol invasion was the separation of Russia and Ukraine into separate countries.
Carpatho-Rusyns refused to adopt the name Ukrainian in the early 20th century. Poland and Czechoslovakia banned the term Rusyn in 1945, but today Slovakia, Ukraine, Poland, and Hungary officially recognize Rusyns as an ethnic minority. Evidently, our European relatives asked that they be called Rusyns.
A 1911 Austria Hungary map clearly shows a fairly broad area of present-day Slovakia that includes Nizne Repase as being Ruthenian, not Russian or Ukrainian. It’s believed that a state of Ruthenia did briefly exist.
Fr. Varzaly objected to the Holy See intending that new Greek Catholic priests no longer marry, and he held a preference for bringing St. Nicholas under the Patriarch of Constantinople (not under the Patriarch of Moscow).
5) Doris, all marriage records in Pennsylvania are kept by the counties (Marriage License Clerk in the County Courthouse).
http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/vital_records/8736/pennsylvania_marriage_and_divorce_records/524158
New Castle is in Lawrence County. Call the Marriage License Clerk at (724) 658-2541. Or you may go to Ancestry.com and use their 2 week free access—you’ll need to give them a valid credit card number first in case you run over the free period. You can find the marriage records in their data base or in the Family Search (Mormons LDS) data base that Ancestry makes available.
6) Eugene, my Aunt Anne Flyak Chuba told me that Flyak is the Hungarian (Magyarized) spelling and that the true spelling was ‘Flak’. I’ve seen it spelled that way in Greek Catholic Church records from Slovakia, but I’ve also seen it as Flyak and Flack. (Although Slovakia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary for nearly 1,000 years, Magyarization came mostly after 1849 with the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. I no longer have access to the church records, but a look back at names before 1849 may show its real spelling. They go back to the early 1600s, as I recall.)
7) David, my grandmother, Martha Lison (Marta Liszony in Hungarian, as Magyarized) was born in Nizne Repase, Slovakia in 1905. She died in Youngstown, Ohio in 1989. Her mother was Martha Kascak and her father was Peter Lison. Her siblings were all born in Nizne Repase, as follows: 1883-Joannes, 1886-Petrus, 1888-Maria, 1889-Catharina, 1894-Stephanus, 1895-Anna, 1898-Georgius.
Joannes (John) must have died young; Peter had two sons and four daughters; Mary Brincko had three sons and two daughters; Catherine Brincko had two sons and four daughters (Catherine Sopkovich, Julia Lamski, Margaret, and Mary Shields); Stephen must have died young; Anna Hnatt (an earlier Anna had died at birth) had two sons and four daughters; and George had one son and four girls. I have a photo of my grandmother and her two Youngstown sisters at the time of my mother’s wedding in 1948.
8) It’s genealogy, not gynecology!
This is a reply to Ed Lazor. Father Varzaly was my maternal grandfather. In 1920 he emigrated to the United States on assignment to St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church in New Castle, Pennsylvania. My grandmother was prepared to make the trip with him with two boys (Eugene, Stephen) but she discovered she was pregnant. After Adele (Adeline) was born in 1921 my grandmother and the three children who were born in Fulianka followed. Three more kids (George, Delores and Martha) were born in New Castle. The family moved in 1932 to the parish of Saint Michael’s Greek Catholic Church in Rankin, Pennsylvania where the 7th child, Maria Louisa (Mary Lou) was born. (She married Joe Lazor, nephew of Metropolitan Theodosis and brother of Very Rev. Paul Lazor who served as Dean of St Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary) Here is the link to the Wiki article on Father Varzaly: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Varzaly
— Valerie Gaydos · 11/20/2015 12:18 PM · #
I am requesting to speak with Father Sally about my family situation.
He knows my family very well and I am in desperate need of his help.
He can call me at either 724-658-8365 or 724-498-2964.
— Art Hazimanolis · 05/20/2016 05:48 PM · #
Hi Father Salley,
I was wondering if you could help me find family history on how Archbishop Nicholas T. Elko is related to my father….Andrew Baka. . My dad, mom, and brother are buried in St. Nicholas Cemetery.
My dad left me a cross with Christ and the skull and bones symbolizing Adam’s sins and I think rosewood on background. I’m interested in family. My dad and his parents were from Tubetown section of Mahoningtown. I married and live in Erie but faithfully visit the cemetery about four times a year.
Thank you for all of your service and dedication to the church and community.
Unfortunately, I don’t have much information. My grandparents were Andrew and Mary Kolesar Baka.
— Barbara Jaruszewicz · 07/06/2017 01:36 PM · #
My grandfather and his brothers came from Nizne Repase, which I visited on 2006. I still have 2nd cousins living there. My cousin Maria Teplicova of Nizne Repase has a best friend whose last name is Lisonova, the female version of Lison. Could be a distant relative of Martha Lison. I grew up in St. Nicholas church and remember the Flyaks and someone named Olga Lazor both names mentioned above.
— Linda Teplica · 05/18/2018 01:00 PM · #
The term Rusyn isn’t new; it applied to our ancestors since at least the mid-1800s. In America, Rusyns are often referred to as Carpatho-Rusyns to indicate where in Europe they come from. Europeans already know, so they simply say Rusyns. Ruthenian is a broader term which includes Lemkos, Hutsuls, Rusyns, and other Subcarpathian peoples.
The term Subcarpathia is often used by scholars to describe a portion of Transcarpathia that emcompasses Ruthenians, although technically it refers to the lowland areas west, north and east of the Carpathian Mountains. Our people were from the southern slopes, the lowlands of which make up the Pannonian (or Hungarian) Basin.
In a highly researched and detailed book titled “The Rusyns of Hungary” by Maria Mayer, the author describes the efforts in the latter half of the 19th century by Russians and Subcarpathian Russophiles to convert our Rusyn ancestors from their traditional Greek Catholic faith to Eastern Orthodoxy in a Pan-Slavic movement.
St. Nicholas Church was founded as a Greek Catholic church — not an orthodox church — by Rusyns in 1910. Greek Catholics had been in full communion with the Holy See of Rome since the Union of Uzhhorod in 1646, in which our priests were granted the right to marry and the Old Slavonic Liturgy and Cyrillic alphabet and other concessions were agreed to. Interestingly, it was the Jesuits who convinced the Holy See to grant these concessions in order to prevent wholesale conversion to the Eastern Orthodox faith.
Our poor ancestors tired of excessive demands placed on them by the Greek Catholic priests (to cook and clean for them and donate more money), so many converted to Eastern Orthodoxy, both before and after the turn of the previous century. The issues followed them to America. When Rome reneged on key provisions of the Union of Uzhhorod — new priests in America must be celebate, Liturgical Latinisation, among others — America’s Greek Catholic priests began looking to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy, too.
St. Nicholas eventually converted to Eastern Orthodoxy under ACROD. Rev. Varzaly supported ACROD, even serving as treasurer; but many years after leaving St. Nicholas, he became disenchanted with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodoxy), believing the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian Orthodoxy) would better serve our people. ACROD remained with Constantinople but St. Nicholas became Russian Orthodox in name.
Many Americans these days are unaware of Rusyn ethnic identification and say our people are Russian or Ukrainian. The unfortunate term Russian Orthodox somewhat masks our distinctly Rusyn identity. Russians have long been trying to pull together all the nationalities from the original Kievan Rus’ federation, including ethnic Rusyns. Equally concerning is that the Ukrainians say Rusyns are really Ukrainians. The various Subcarpathian ethnic groups experienced different governance and customs over many centuries. There’s a strong movement underway to recognize Rusyns as the distinct ethnic group they are, whether or not they reestablish a Ruthenian nation, as briefly existed at the end of World War I.
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Innovations - Car
Not all the technology set appearing in cars in the next few years is aimed at driver convenience like making sure the iPod syncs properly with the in-car entertainment system. The new technology appearing on cars, like the upcoming BMW 7-Series, will make cars smarter and safer and help the driver keep their eyes on the road.
Technology, such as ABS, stability control and airbags, has traditionally appeared on top of the line models before filtering down to the cars that the rest of us drive. Here are five technologies that will eventually end up on your car in the next decade.
Road sign recognition
It seems like science fiction, but BMW's new 7-Series can read speed limit signs and then project the limit into the drivers vision using a heads-up display. The system uses a camera built into the rear-view mirror. It scans the street for signs (it can also read the increasingly-common variable digital speed signs) and then compares the data to information stored in the satellite navigation system.
The data stream from the camera is given priority over the satellite navigation information, meaning that the system will work if there are temporary speed limit changes due to road-works or altered traffic conditions.
Although the system can advise the driver about the speed limit, it does not enforce the limit, so the driver remains in control.
Pedestrian identification/night vision
Another technology appearing in the new 7-Series is night vision that can detect pedestrians on or near the road and alert the driver. The night vision system uses a thermal imaging camera that peers ahead of the reach of the headlights and provides a moving video image thats shown in the central command display of the car and also in the heads-up display if the car is fitted with it.
The system uses intelligent algorithms - another way of saying it uses smart software to analyse the data from the thermal imaging. The thermal camera detects heat, in much the same way that night vision goggles do. If the camera and the software detects a person, they are highlighted in yellow on the video image.
According to BMW, the system will provide additional warnings if it detects that the person ahead is at risk, if they are on the road in the path of the car, for example.
The system minimises the number of warnings given to the driver by analysing each situation individually and creating a “warning corridor” around the car and the person ahead. The warning corridor is created by taking into consideration data about the car, such as speed, steering angle and whether any of the wheels are starting to slide.
In-car broadband internet access
Mobile WiMAX is an emerging wireless broadband technology poised to appear in our cars sometime in the next decade. Unlike the mobile phone system, mobile WiMAX offers true broadband speeds even when youre moving around.
According to research firm Gartner, the car industry is just beginning to realise the potential for mobile WiMAX. The potential is there to stream rich-media content, to enable video conferencing for passengers and to enable new diagnostic and testing scenarios, says analyst Thilo Koslowski.
The new BMW 7-Series doesn't have mobile WiMAX, but it is offering access to the internet using Edge technology. In a sense this is a baby-step towards offering full broadband in the car. That's because Edge is old technology, even lagging behind the wireless 3G technology built into most mobile handsets.
Where the BMW system is a breakthrough is the fact that full internet access is allowed in the car - in the front seat so long as the car isn't moving, and in the back seat at any time.
BMW hasn't said if it will make internet access available in Australia. Overseas the company is charging a flat rate for internet access from the new 7-Series.
Lane departure and lane change warning. This is not particularly new technology - BMW, Volvo and Mercedes-Benz have been offering it for a while, and others plan to do so. But it is the technology likely to filter down fastest to the cars the rest of us drive.
It works by using cameras, usually located in the rear-view mirror or at the front of the vehicle, to scan the lane markings. If the car's cameras and computer detect that the driver is shifting out of the lane without indicating, they get a warning. Some cars warn the driver by vibrating the steering wheel, others do it by vibrating the seat base, or projecting a warning onto the centre console or the heads-up display.
Lane change warning is a similar technology but instead of using cameras, it uses radar to monitor the blind spot around the rear three-quarter of the vehicle. If the driver indicates and the system detects a vehicle in the blind spot, then the driver is given a warning. This can be a visual warning Audi has a series of lights in the side mirror, while BMW has a warning triangle that is illuminated in the side mirror or a tactile warning, such as a vibration from the steering column or the seat base.
Driver monitoring technology
Stop, revive, survive is the mantra in Australia when youre taking a long journey. Fatigue is still seen as a major contributor to our road toll, with some studies suggesting that fatigue is responsible for more accidents on freeways and motorways than alcohol.
Mercedes-Benz has developed a system that monitors the driver for fatigue and when it detects that the driver is getting tired it issues an auditory warning, and a display in the centre console saying Attention Assist. Break!
Volvo also has a system in its upcoming XC60 that will warn the driver when it notices slowed reactions.
So how does it work? Mercedes-Benz has found that steering inputs are particularly relevant to monitoring driver fatigue. What tends to happen is that a tired driver makes minor steering errors which are often quickly corrected in a characteristic manner. In other words, the driver has trouble keeping the vehicle on track.
The system also takes into account indicator use, accelerator position, and external influences such as wind and road surfaces. During the first few minutes of a journey, the system creates a driver profile that is then compared with the drivers behaviour throughout the journey. When the drivers behaviour starts to vary from the profile, a warning is issued.
Mercedes-Benz says that the system will go into production in 2009, however it hasn't said which models it will appear on. The Mercedes-Benz system is part of a broader suite of technologies that research firm Gartner has christened mood recognition technologies. These technologies sense the emotional and physical state of the driver using cameras, and driver input (such as in the Mercedes-Benz Attention Assist technology) and then alter the cars systems to suit.
This could be something as simple as changing the lighting in the vehicle to address high stress - some colours have been shown to lower stress levels - or playing dynamic music to help address fatigue.
Mood recognition also takes into account eye tracking technology, which could be used as a secondary interface to the vehicle. An example might be that the car prepares for music commands issued by voice when the driver looks at the stereo, or minimising navigation information when the driver looks at the side mirrors or rear mirrors.
So far mood technology hasn't made an appearance in any series production cars. But it's a sure bet that it will in the next decade or so. Stop, revive, survive is the mantra in Australia when youre taking a long journey. Fatigue is still seen as a major contributor to our road toll, with some studies suggesting that fatigue is responsible for more accidents on freeways and motorways than alcohol.
Mercedes-Benz says that the system will go into production in 2009, however it hasn't said which models it will appear on.The Mercedes-Benz system is part of a broader suite of technologies that research firm Gartner has christened mood recognition technologies. These technologies sense the emotional and physical state of the driver using cameras, and driver input (such as in the Mercedes-Benz Attention Assist technology) and then alter the cars systems to suit.
So far mood technology hasn't made an appearance in any series production cars. But it's a sure bet that it will in the next decade or so.
Lane departure and lane change warning
This is not particularly new technology - BMW, Volvo and Mercedes-Benz have been offering it for a while, and others plan to do so. But it is the technology likely to filter down fastest to the cars the rest of us drive.
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National Practice
National Experience
Significant Transactions
Health Law Advisories
HLB Weekly Health Policy Update
Health Law Perspectives
Sign-up for Publications
Partnership Eligibility
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Benjamin Durie
Andrea Frey
California Assembly Bill 5 and Health Care Workers
Paul Smith, Andrea Frey and Ben Durie
On September 18, 2019 California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill No. 5 into law. The new law, which goes into effect on January 1, 2020, will codify and expand on the decision of the California Supreme Court in Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles (2018) 4 Cal.5th 903.
The general effect of Dynamex and AB 5 is that they require hiring entities to treat all workers as employees rather than independent contractors, unless the worker meets either the three-part “ABC test” established under Dynamex or a statutory exemption. While AB 5 has exemptions for physicians, dentists, podiatrists and psychologists, it currently does not provide any exemption for nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, pharmacists, occupational/physical/speech/respiratory therapists, medical technicians or physician’s assistants – many of whom serve as independent contractors of hospitals or medical staffs.
Moreover, workers in categories under AB 5 may still have to be treated as employees under pre-existing common law test for employment under Borello, in which a worker’s classification as an independent contractor or employee turns principally on the hiring entity’s right to control the worker in the performance of the contracted work. S. G. Borello & Sons, Inc. v. Department of Industrial Relations, (1989) 48 Cal.3d 341.
AB 5 also has no effect on federal law, meaning that even if a health care worker is exempt under AB 5, he or she may nevertheless still be an employee for purposes of federal income tax withholding, Social Security, and Medicare taxes.
Below is a summary of the new law’s provisions and its impact on health care workers as well as some suggestions for hiring entities under the new law.
Dynamex
The Dynamex decision addressed the meaning of “to employ” in state wage orders. These are orders of the Industrial Welfare Commission that set minimum wages and regulate hours and working conditions for employees. The Dynamex Court held that the wage orders were broader and more inclusive than the existing common law test for employment under Borello’s multi-factor test, which we detail further below.
The Dynamex Court interpreted the broad definition in the wage orders as: (1) placing the burden on the hiring entity to establish that the worker is an independent contractor under the wage orders; and (2) requiring the hiring entity, in order to meet this burden, to demonstrate each of the three factors in what the Court called the “ABC test:”
A. That the worker is free from the control and direction of the hiring entity in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of the work and in fact; and
B. That the worker performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity's business; and
C. That the worker is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business of the same nature as the work performed.
There are wage orders for various occupations, including personal, professional and technical services. These provide exemptions for persons employed in administrative, executive, or professional capacities. The professional exemption covers physicians, dentists, optometrists, and others engaged in a “learned or artistic profession,” provided they customarily exercise discretion and independent judgment, and earn at least twice the minimum wage.
Assembly Bill 5
AB 5 expands the Dynamex approach to cover not just the existing wage orders, but also the California Unemployment Insurance Code (which provides for unemployment and disability benefits) as well as provisions of the Labor Code. The effect is that a person providing labor or services for remuneration must now be considered an employee rather than an independent contractor unless the hiring entity can demonstrate all three prongs of the ABC test.
AB 5 includes two exceptions that are relevant to health care workers. The first excludes physicians and surgeons, dentists, podiatrists, and psychologists licensed under the Business and Professions Code, performing professional or medical services provided to or by a health care entity.
The second excludes a “business service provider” (which can be a sole proprietor) in a bona fide business-to-business contracting relationship that meets a dozen requirements, including, for example that the business service provider is free from the control and direction of the contracting business entity in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of the work and in fact, and that the business service provider provides services directly to the contracting business rather than to customers of the contracting business. The business service provider must also be customarily engaged in an independent business with other clients. For most health care workers, these requirements will likely be difficult to meet, because typically they provide health care services directly to patients of the contracting health care entity, and may not have an established independent business.
Borello
Where the wage orders and AB 5 do not apply, the Borello test still governs. The core question under Borello is whether the hiring entity has the right to control the manner and means of the worker’s services. The California Supreme Court endorsed the use of the following secondary factors indicating control:
1. Whether the one performing the services is engaged in a distinct occupation or business from the principal;
2. Whether or not the work is part of the regular business of the principal;
3. The kind of occupation, with reference to whether in the locality the work is usually done under the direction of the principal or by a specialist without supervision;
4. The skill required in the occupation;
5. Whether the principal or the worker supplies the instrumentalities, tools, and the place of work for the person doing the work;
6. Whether the principal or the worker invests in the equipment or materials required by his or her task or his or her employment of helpers;
7. The length of time for which the services are to be performed;
8. The right of the principal to discharge at will, without cause;
9. Method of payment, whether by the time or by the job; and
10. Whether or not the parties believe they are creating the relationship of employer-employee.
The Court said that these individual factors cannot be applied mechanically as separate tests; they are intertwined and their weight depends often on particular combinations. This of course makes it difficult to tell how the authorities would view a particular relationship, but that has been an ongoing challenge since Borello was decided in 1989.
Before AB 5, then, for the limited purpose of the state’s wage orders, the Dynamex test created a presumption that a covered worker was an employee unless the hiring entity established all three elements of the ABC test. For other state law purposes, the Borello test applied, requiring a weighing of the factors listed above. As a consequence, someone – a physician, for example - who was exempted from the wage orders could nevertheless be an employee under the Borello test. Now, AB 5 expands the Dynamex test to all but a limited class of exempted workers.
Key Takeaways for Entities Hiring Health Care Workers Post-AB 5
While the effective date of AB 5 is January 1, 2020, practically speaking, the ABC test has been in effect since the Dynamex decision came out in 2018, and governs claims by many misclassified health care workers for overtime, meal periods, rest breaks, minimum wage, and other labor violations. AB 5 will expand the Dynamex rule to additional classes of workers – principally mid-level providers - who might have qualified for exemption from the wage orders. With the passage of AB 5, providers should reevaluate their independent contractor arrangements and ensure they can be justified under the stricter ABC test to avoid increased risk of claims from individual workers as well as city and state authorities. In particular, entities would be well-advised to assess arrangements with health care workers not exempt from AB 5, such as nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants.
AB 5 does not affect employer requirements under federal law, including withholding income taxes and paying Social Security, Medicare taxes, and unemployment taxes on wages paid to an employee. The IRS has a three-part test for determining worker classification, which turns on behavioral control, financial control, and the relationship of the parties. These are the same kinds of considerations that would be relevant under the Borello test, and, in the same way, could result in a determination that someone is an employee even in instances where AB 5 does not apply.
We expect that there may be further changes on the horizon, even after the law fully takes effect next January, as trade associations and worker advocacy groups volley for amendments in the upcoming legislative session. HLB attorneys will continue monitoring for such developments around AB 5, as well as potential enforcement action by the state and published court decisions applying the ABC test. In the meantime, for further information, please contact Paul Smith, Ben Durie, or Andrea Frey in San Francisco, or your regular Hooper, Lundy and Bookman attorney.
Please register for HLB’s webinar that further expands on these issues scheduled for December 3, 2019. California CLE credit is available.
© 2021 Hooper Lundy & Bookman PC
For media assistance, please contact Maura Fisher at 202-580-7714.
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Pushing Back the Clock
Many people experience lapses in memory as they get older. Every so often, it may become frustratingly difficult or even temporarily impossible to recall a particular word or a specific person's name. A person might commit a phone number to memory and then immediately forget it. Of course, everyone is
Just like the well-known, best-selling American truck, your body is built to last. But if it's built to last, why do so many people have serious problems with their bodies? If a human body is built to last, why does it seem to break down so easily? The pharmaceutical industry earns billions of dollars
Getting Fit at Fifty and Beyond
What if you used to be really fit and now you're not? What if, as the years have gone by, you've added a couple of pounds here and there, and you suddenly notice you're 30 pounds heavier than you were at your 10th high school reunion? Or, what if you've never enjoyed the idea of exercising, exercise
Bob Barker, beloved host of The Price Is Right, recently made headlines by announcing his retirement after 35 years. "Barker irreplaceable!" blared the entertainment tabloids. And yet, Mr. Barker celebrated his 82nd birthday a few months ago.Eighty-two! Who really are the "seniors" among us? And what
When Parents Get Older
The average age of Americans is increasing year-by-year. Approximately 77 million babies were born in the United States during the boom years of 1946 to 1964. In 2011, the oldest will turn 65, and on average can expect to live to 83. Many will continue well into their 90s. Most people continue to retain
Key to Senior Fitness: Chiropractic Care, Healthy Lifestyle
Over the hill at age 65? Ready for the rocker at 70? Not these days. Americans are living longer and making more of their later years. One key is exercise. "Perhaps the most debilitating influence in people's health as they age is a sedentary life," said Dr. Jerome McAndrews, national spokesperson
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It can be concluded that there are good reasons to associate the direct effect with the obligation to detail the rights of citizens in the transposition law. Unfortunately, the withdrawal agreement explicitly requires only the first. The new EUWA s.1B provides that „EU-derived national legislation“, as it enters into force in national legislation just before the day of release, will continue to operate under national law on the day and after the release date. (b) all these remedies and procedures, foreseen from time to time in or as part of the withdrawal agreement, are not considered a direct EU right after the end of the implementation period: the withdrawal agreement therefore appears to be based on the assumption that EU citizens would be duly protected by the transfer of the concept of direct effect into an international agreement applicable to a non-EU country. , as if they were inside the EU. Unfortunately, in the next section, I will say that this does not take into account the particular challenges posed by implementation in a country outside the EU and the fundamental error of the withdrawal agreement. (e) Article 8C of this Act (jurisdiction under the Protocol on Ireland and Northern Ireland in the Withdrawal Agreement) and in order to adequately protect its citizens should abandon its formalistic approach and take into account the fact that the specific challenges of implementing the UK outside the UNION require specific safeguards that go beyond a simple copy and copy of union`s legal standards and procedural principles. Such guarantees can be provided by specific provisions of the withdrawal agreement on how the UK will implement a simple registration system and by a clearer requirement that provisions relating to citizens` rights be defined in primary law in the withdrawal agreement. Such guarantees could also be enshrined in a protocol to the withdrawal agreement, in which the UK would detail how it would implement the agreement.
This would take into account the particular challenges posed by implementation in the United Kingdom and would make the UK`s commitments legally binding internationally, without having to reopen the basis for an agreement on the draft withdrawal agreement. Footnote 64 Such a protocol could then be transposed into primary law, along with the withdrawal agreement. Second, anchoring standards in primary legislation ensures stability and visibility and facilitates enforcement and control.
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Welcome everyone to Northwest Comics & Games! We're we are all about comics, video games, movies, television, toys, & everything else in the comic book business! Join us every week for weekly countdowns, thoughts in comics, television, movies and being informed on current events. Thanks for visiting. Keep on reading comics!
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Monday's Headlines - Star Wars News
Todd Fisher hopes his late sister, General Leia Organa actress Carrie Fisher, plays a role in next year’s Star Wars: Episode IX, but told Variety Disney-Lucasfilm hasn’t informed the family of their plans for future installments.
“Yoda came back in the last movie, so why not Carrie?” Fisher said. “In the first film, Obi-Wan says that if he dies, he’ll come back stronger than ever. I feel like that’s Carrie. She’ll never disappear entirely.”
The Star Wars icon died in December 2016 at age 60 after portraying the princess-turned-general across five films. The actress committed to Lucasfilm’s sequel trilogy after Disney’s 2012 acquisition of the company, reprising her role for the first time since 1983’s Return of the Jedi in 2015 franchise revival The Force Awakens and again in its 2017 sequel, The Last Jedi.
As the seasoned leader of the Resistance — the new band of freedom fighters battling against the galaxy’s biggest threat, the Empire-like First Order — Leia was immediately established as a key figure in the sequel trilogy that shifted the focus to a newer, younger trio of heroes, comprised of scavenger Rey (Daisy Ridley), Stormtrooper deserter Finn (John Boyega) and X-wing pilot Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac).
And it’s Fisher’s onscreen son, the emotionally volatile Ben Solo (Adam Driver) — half parts Leia, half parts Han Solo (Harrison Ford) — who reinvented himself as Darth Vader wannabe Kylo Ren, the red lightsaber-wielding villain at the center of this latest chapter of the ongoing Skywalker saga.
Foregoing any digital trickery — the same kind used to salvage an unfinished Paul Walker performance on Furious 7, completed after the actor’s death with the use of body doubles and CGI recreations — Leia won't appear in Episode IX.
“Sadly, Carrie will not be in [Episode IX],” Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy told ABC News in April 2017.
Two weeks after Fisher’s death, Lucasfilm released a statement through the official Star Wars website directly addressing rumors the studio considered resurrecting the actress via CGI for Episode IX.
“We want to assure our fans that Lucasfilm has no plans to digitally recreate Carrie Fisher’s performance as Princess or General Leia Organa,” the statement read, a rare instance of the Disney-owned studio directly addressing the rumor mill.
It’s unknown if that stance has changed in the year-plus since, and returning Episode IX co-writer and director J.J. Abrams famously plays his cards close to the chest.
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10 Comic Books You Need To Read
1. The Dark Knight Returns (DC Entertainment)
2. I Killed Adolf Hitler (Fantagraphics Books)
3. Preacher (DC/Vertigo)
4. V for Vendetta (Quality Comics, DC/Vertigo)
5. X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills (Marvel Entertainment)
6. Sin City (Dark Horse Comics)
7. The Killing Joke (DC Entertainment)
8. Bone (Cartoon Books, Image Comics, Scholastic)
9. Y: The Last Man (DC/Vertigo)
10. The Punisher MAX (Marvel Entertainment)
TOP 5 Most Valuable Comic Books
1. Action Comics #1 (1938) $1,750,000
2. Detective Comics #27 (1939) $1,400,000
3. Amazing Fantasy #15 (1962) $1,100,000
4. Superman #1 (1939) $600,000
5. Batman #1 (1940) $400,000
Top 10 Comic Book Company's
Dynmite Entertainment
Apsen Comics
Dejah Thoris
Mighty Mouse #1
Omega Red
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Top 15 Modern Age Valuable Comic Books
15. Amazing Spider-Man #700 (2013): Steve Ditko cover variant Record sale: $2,200
14. Danger Girl #2 (1998): Ruby Red Smoking Gun variant cover Record sale: $2,250
13. Saga #1 (2012): Retailer Incentive variant Record sale: $2,500
12. Batman Adventures #12 (1993) 1st Appearance of Harley Quinn Record sale: $2,500
11. League of Extraordinary Gentlemen #5 (2000): Recalled Edition Record sale: $2,500
10. Siege #3 (2010): Campbell Variant Deadpool cover Record sale: $2,600
9. Spawn #185 (2008): Sketch Cover Record sale: $2,750
8. Spawn #1 (1992): Manufacturing Error Record sale: $2,800
7. Wolverine #1 (2010): J. Scott Campbell Deadpool Variant Cover Record sale: $2,800
6. Batman #608 (2002): Retailer appreciation variant cover Record sale: $3,300
5. Amazing Spider-Man #678 (2012): Mary-Jane as Venom variant Record sale: $3,000
4. Edge of Spider-Verse #2 (2014): Gwen Stacy Becomes Spider-Woman Retailer Incentive Cover Record sale: $3,500
3. Elseworlds 80-Page Giant #1 (1999): Rare One-Shot Record sale: $4,700
2. Dark Knight III: Master Race #1 (2016): Jim Lee Variant Record sale: $2,800
1. The Walking Dead #1 (October 2003): First Issue Record sale: $11,000 Minimum value: $250
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Have a great day and keep reading comics!
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To inquire into membership with NZ Asian Leaders, please contact Karinia Lee for more information.
Karinia Lee
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Spotlight on Komal Mistry, General Manager, Fonterra Ventures
NZAL member, Komal Mistry, General Manager at Fonterra Ventures and Deloitte Top 200: Young Executive of the Year 2017 has had quite a diverse career journey. A qualified Solicitor and Chartered Accountant, Komal is now leading Fonterra’s Venture division. She started her career with Deloitte in London, post which she moved to Auckland as a Senior Analyst, and has since 2011 been a part of various teams within the Fonterra Cooperative Group.
NZAL Marketing and Communications Manager caught up with Komal a few weeks ago, closely on the heels of Fonterra Ventures strategic partnership announcement with German active nutrition start-up foodspring®. In this rather personal interview, Komal talks about the award-winning Disrupt programme within Fonterra, how the idea of Fonterra Ventures came about on Christmas Eve and how it developed from an idea to a now successful platform for innovation.
Tell us about the Fonterra Disrupt programme and how Fonterra Ventures came about?
It was actually Fonterra CEO, Theo Spierings idea. He had a vision that the world around us was rapidly changing. Consumer preferences were changing – how they engage with products, business models, technology, etc. The idea was to bring that awareness very quickly into the organisation. Fonterra has 22,000 people all over the world, we sell products across 140 markets, the question was how do we create an environment where it doesn’t matter who you are and where you come from, a good idea can come from anywhere. Because the premise is disruption, how do you create an environment or a platform for anyone to be able to come up with an idea and have the ability to bring it to life within the organisation.
I remember we had this conversation on Christmas Eve in 2015. He basically just asked me whether I can bring something like this to life. I went away, assembled two people to support me and said we will pilot it in three markets – Australia, New Zealand and China. It wasn’t something, with my background, that I had ever done before or something that the organisation had done before. So, it was really just about building something that was right for Fonterra so we could achieve the outcomes that we wanted.
We wanted commercial outcomes, in terms of new business models that would lead us into the future. We wanted our people to have the ability to feel included and participate. We wanted the ability for people to learn and we wanted to understand who in the organisation has these types of ideas. It was about talent spotting but doing it in a way that was quite unique and entrepreneurial. So we just learnt along the way. We didn’t get everything right, (but) we got the pilot up and running successfully.
It was at that point that our CEO decided to create Fonterra Ventures, where Disrupt is now one part. We have now taken the model to all our markets and also run a different sort of programme. This year, we launched the Disrupt 10 day challenge, which is a global programme, where we actually pose the biggest business opportunity areas to the staff and they compete to be on the sprint teams to solve them.
What is it that interested you to be a part of the disrupt programme?
For me, I had a strong career in finance and a legal background which I really enjoyed. I started out with Deloitte which was a very financially focused role in London. When I started working with Fonterra, my roles were more commercial finance roles. Over a period of time, I grew a real passion for the commercial side of business rather than just the financial. So, I took up a role to become a technical assistant to the MD of our consumer business at the time, which involved a whole lot of strategic project work, and creating a performance management system of their executive team. This gave me exposure to a whole lot of things and so when an opportunity was posed around developing the Disrupt programme, I did it and I loved it. This evolved into Ventures and I guess the more I delved into this world of innovation and disruption and business models, the more I enjoyed it.
A lesson from this is that you don’t know where your career is going to end up. I couldn’t have told you five years ago, that I would be doing Ventures, but its about being open minded, taking opportunities as they come and turning them into career avenues for yourself.
Did it feel like it’s your baby, did it feel like your business that you are developing?
Absolutely, it’s a big part of my time at Fonterra and a big part of what we do today. It started out as nothing, essentially an idea, and looking at the impact that it’s had on our people, our organisation, culture of our organisation, is something to be proud of. But I didn’t do it alone – there was a great team that built it, and I think when we all look back on it, its kind of a proud moment that you are able to give back to the organisation.
Your views on corporate ventures on a global scale and how does Fonterra Venture fit into it?
Globally, it is becoming more and more prominent that businesses do look at having a corporate venturing unit because it is the premise that innovation can come from anywhere. There is a lot of activity in the start-up ecosystem globally. Last year alone there were about $155 billion funded in corporate VC globally. But in saying that, for Fonterra, it was not around let’s set up Fonterra Ventures. It was around let us start with Disrupt, let us build it and then let us do something and create an operating model for Ventures that is right for Fonterra. Something that helps us accelerate our strategy and that is essentially a lever to help us get to where we want to go faster.
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Nektarios Tsilis
Metropolitan of Hong Kong and South East Asia (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)
Δέηση για τις πυρκαγιές
Η θεραπεία των Δέκα Λεπρών
Εκκλησιαστική Περιουσία, Μισθοδοσία του Κλήρου και Ιεραποστολή
Λόγος Πανηγυρικός Ναυμαχία Σάμου 5 Αυγούστου 1824
Homily on the Mystery of Holy Eucharist
Celebrating the Feast of Ascension
By Metropolitan Nektarios on June 17, 2013
Every year it gives me great joy to celebrate the feast of Ascension. I post here a very instructive text about the feast written by Protopresbyter George Dion.Dragas.
«And while he was blessing them, he departed
and started to ascend to heaven» (Luke 24:51)
The Ascension as the pinnacle of the Feasts of the Lord: How bright and wonderful is this Feast! It is the pinnacle of all the Feasts of the Lord, because with it the sacred and saving purpose of the Divine Incarnation and Inhomination of the Word of God is completed. For what purpose did the Son and Word of God become man, and underwent the passion, the death, the resurrection…and the ascension? All these events took place so that the human nature might not remain below on the earth, but be raised to heaven, become deified and glorified according to the Creator’s original design. This, then, was the purpose for which the Son of God condescended to assume within his super-godly person (hypostasis) our human nature, which had fallen from its original condition, in order to renew it with his Crucifixion and Resurrection and to raise it to the heavenly heights with his glorious Ascension, presenting it to God the Father as the super-brilliant trophy of his victory.
The Ascension as the triumph of the human nature: At the Ascension of Christ God the Father accepted the first-fruits of our humanity, and was well pleased not only for the worthiness of Him who offered it, but also for the purity of the offering. This, then, is the perfect victory against sin. This is the triumph of the human nature. The human nature could not have descended to a lower point than that at which it arrived after the fall of Adam, but neither could ascend to a higher point than that at which the New (or Last) Adam raised it with his Ascension!
The Ascension as the final benefit offered by God to man: What mind could grasp the real dimensions of this event? The forsaken and feeble human nature, the nature which run away from God and was exiled from paradise, the low, miserable, condemned and captured nature of human beings becomes today more glorious than that of the angels, is made to sit with Christ at the bosom of the Father and is worshiped by every visible and invisible creation! What language could praise the magnitude of this celebration, or to present worthily the enormity of the beneficence of God to human beings? Today the entry into the longed for paradise, the heavenly Jerusalem, is opened to Adam’s exiled descendants. Today, the restoration of the new Israel in the Promised Land is accomplished.
The Ascension as the final victory of Christ for man: Today, on the Mount of Olives Heaven and earth kiss each other and angels and human beings are united. Here the chorus of the Apostles greets their sweet Teacher with joy on his departure from them, and the Orders of the Angels salute the King of the Heavens with ineffable elation and joy. Here the captivity, which the victor of death captivated with his ascension to the heights, i.e. the souls of the just who have been redeemed, have their eyes on their Redeemer with feelings of exhilaration and joy. Here also, His Mother, the most pure Virgin, greets and sends off her beloved Son who is ascending into Heaven, where God the Father welcomes his Only-begotten Son and makes him sit on his right. Here too, at the prestigious Mount of Olives, we are called to ascend with our minds and become eye-witnesses to the great and wondrous events which take place, having as our guide Luke the theologian, who alone among the Evangelists narrates with brevity but also with priestly and solemn fashion the glorious Ascension of our Lord and God and Savior Jesus Christ.
Why did the Ascension take place 40 days after and not immediately after the Resurrection? The leader of life, who loosened the bonds of death by his Resurrection, met with his disciples for 40 days and confirmed his Resurrection to them by means of several proofs. He did not ascend into heaven on the day he rose again, because such an event would have raised doubts and questions. Had he done that, many of the unbelievers would be in a position to project the argument that the Resurrection was one more dream of pious aspirations which easily emerge and more easily disappear. For this reason, then, Christ remained for 40 days on the earth, and appeared to his disciples repeatedly, showing them the marks of his wounds, explaining to them the prophesies which he fulfilled in his life and sufferings as man, and even eating with them.
Why did the Risen Christ eat broiled fish and honey? The Gospel for today’s Feast tells us that the Risen Christ asked for and ate “a piece of broiled fish and from honey of a honeycomb” (Luke 24:42). Why is this detail mentioned? According to the church tradition this detail has a very important allegorical meaning. As regards the fish, we know that although it lives in the salty sea, it is not salty, but sweet. In the same manner Christ, who lived in the ‘salty sea of sin’ of this world, “he did not commit any sin, and no guile was found in his mouth” (Is. 53:9). Also, Christ remained even more voiceless than the fish when he endured his saving passion and received unheard-of torture and unmentionable insult. As regards the honey and the beeswax, we know that the honey is sweet and the beeswax is illuminative, and for this reason they are considered to be symbols of the spiritual pleasure and illumination which the Risen Christ transmits to the faithful. Also, honey and beeswax symbolize, the former, the cure of the great bitterness of sin which is symbolized by the gall that was offered to the Lord at his passion and, the latter, the diluteness of the dense darkness of sin which was symbolized by the darkness which took place at the Lord’s crucifixion.
Why did the Ascension take place on the Mount of Olives? Once Christ had confirmed his Resurrection from the dead to his disciples through his mellifluous teaching, and enlightened their minds and warmed their hearts by his presence, he led them on the 40th day after the Resurrection to the Mount of Olives which lies east of Jerusalem. The Ascension ought to take place from this Mount, because according to an ancient tradition, it is here that the Lord will return bodily and with glory on the last Day when he will judge the world. It is here that the righteous will receive the great mercy and here also that the sinners will grieve with an inconsolable lamentation. These two opposite conditions of humanity are denoted by the name of this Mount, because its peaks are called Mount of Olives and its foot Valley of Wailing. This is also what was pre-signified by the oracle of the prophet Zachariah which explicitly states:
Why the Apostles and the Theotokos had to be present at that time? The Lord led his disciples on this Mount and the Theotokos who gave birth to him as man, so that they could see with their own eyes his glorious Ascension. His Mother after the flesh had to be present at that great glorification of her Son, so that she who had been gravely wounded in her soul for his passion above all others, might commensurably rejoice by seeing her Son ascending into heaven with glory, being worshiped as God by the Angels and being seated on the throne of the Most High above all principalities and authorities. The divine Apostles had to be there also, that might become eye-witnesses of the Lord’s Ascension, be informed that their Divine Teacher who is now ascending into heaven, had initially come down from there and that he will wait for them there as the true Son of God and Savior of the world.
How did this utterly unfamiliar and unique event of the Ascension of Christ occur? They had already arrived at the middle peak of the Mount. The city of Jerusalem stretched in front of them. The hole where the Cross had stood was still open. So was also the entrance to the Grave of the Savior, since the great stone that had been used to seal it was still lying on the ground. And then, the Savior turns his back to the ungrateful city of Jerusalem and his glance looks to the East, as David joyfully sings in one of his psalms: “Sing to the Lord who is going up to the heaven of the heaven towards the East.” (Psalm 67:34). And as he takes leave of his Disciples he raises his immaculate hands and blesses them for the last time – those hands with which he recreated the man whom he created at the beginning, and which he stretched on the cross out of love for humanity and united those that had been severed, i.e. those which had been diversified. Just as the eyes of the disciples could not be satisfied enough in seeing the divine and mellifluent face of their Lord, suddenly he began to ascend into heaven. Their glance remained nailed, as it were, on that paradoxical and inexplicable display of the bodily Ascension of the Lord, until he was concealed by the luminous cloud.
How utterly unfamiliar and unique was the majesty of this Ascension! Elijah had also ascended into heaven, as Scripture relates; but this ascension took place by means of a fiery chariot and fiery horses, because Elijah was a mere man and needed help in order to ascend above the earth. Christ, however, was a God-man and ascended by himself, by virtue of his own omnipotence. As regards that cloud, it had to do with the Holy Spirit, just as it happened with the transfiguration of Christ. Just as his descend and becoming man were wrought “through the Holy Spirit, according to the message of Archangel Gabriel” (“The Spirit of the Lord will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you,” Luke 1:35), so now he “co-ascends” with him (the Holy Spirit) because He follows him and coexists with him, being coessential (“homoousion”) with him and being worship and glorified with him.
Why were those two anthropomorphic and white-dressed Angels sent? While the holy Apostles were gazing with astonishment at the heavenly sight, two men appeared to them dressed in white garments. These two men were angels, who had assumed a human form in order to avoid scaring the disciples. They were dressed in white so that their chastity might be manifest, as well as the enlightening and joyous message which they were sent to deliver. They were sent by Christ on his Ascension, in order to console them at the moment of their sorrow for his departure, but also to enlighten them that their Lord who is now invisible is seating at the right side of God the Father and that he will descend on the earth once again in order to judge all human beings, the living and the dead.
What is the message of the Angels dressed in white? “Men of Galilee,” they told them, “why do you stand with your gaze ailed on the sky?” This Jesus, whom you see today being taken up, will return to judge the world and his return will be the same with his Ascension.” In other words, he will come from heaven wearing the same immaculate Body, which he assumed from the bloods of the pure Virgin, and which will bear upon it the marks from the wounds which he received at his passion. Right now it is only you who see him ascending to heaven, but when he returns, all the races of the earth will see him descending from there with glory upon the clouds. His glorious condescension will become the cause of blessedness and joy for those who lived righteously. For the sinners, however, it will be the cause of sorrow and calamity.
What was the impact of the Ascension for the Apostles and the small flock of the first Church? Having heard this message, the Apostles worshiped the Savior on his Ascension and, then, joyfully returned to Jerusalem. Their joy was great, because they had definitely learned that their divine Teacher was true God who ascended into heaven, not because he abandoned the earth, but in order to unite it with heaven. Their joy was also great because they received the blessing of their Savior on his Ascension. It was with this blessing that the numerically small Church of the disciples greatly increased its numbers in a relatively short space of time and, having received the grace of the Spirit, was established as the great Church throughout the earth.
What was the impact of the Ascension on the orders of the Angels in heaven? While these things occurred on the earth because of the Ascension, the Angels mounted a great celebration in heaven. The Angels which served the Savior on the earth and now accompanied him on his ascension called out the orders above to open the heavenly gates for the King of Glory to enter in. As David sings, “Lift up your heads, O gates, and be lifted up, O ancient doors, that the King of Glory may come in” (Ps. 23:7). Since through his saving passion Christ the Savior became more glorious and highly exalted –as the Apostle Paul actually puts it, “Having humbled himself and having become obedient unto death, indeed a death by crucifixion, God exalted him highly and granted him the name which is above all” (Phil. 2:9) –for this reason the gates of heaven ask to become higher in order to welcome him more fittingly. Also, because the glory of the victor of Hades and death, which could not be contained by the small space of the earth, but filled the heavens, the Angels ask that they too be expanded on his appearance! At the same time, the heavenly hierarchies of the Angels, seeing the human body to be transferred above them, were seized by dazzle and amazement; because, just as a human being is seized by amazement of fear on seeing an angel on the earth, so the bodiless Angels, seeing a body to be raised on a cloud, seek with amazement to learn about this paradoxical display, and to be twice assured about the identity of this King of Glory. Hearing, then, that he is the Lord, who is powerful in battles, who fought the devil and defeated him and who is now ascending into heaven, they wonder how this superbly luminous body is dressed in royal purple and ask, “Who is this that comes from Edom, in crimsoned garments from Bosor, who is glorious in his apparel” (Is. 63:1)? In other words, who is this earthly person, who comes wearing a flesh which is like a superbly bright, royal purple dress? Because, Edom means earthly and Bosor means flesh, and the point of reference here is the glorified Body of Christ the King which appeared to be red in his Ascension into heaven due to the marks of the wounds on his immaculate side, his hands and his feet.
Why were the marks from the wounds retained on the Risen Body of Christ? How was it that the wounds on that incorruptible body were visible? This was a matter of economy, and its purpose was to manifest the ineffable and excelling love for man of the God-man. He consented not only to receive these wounds, but also to retain them after his Resurrection on his incorruptible body in a paradoxical manner and to show them on his Ascension to the world of the Angels as the symbols of his passion and as the indelible proofs of his love for us human beings. In addition, he retained the wounds of his incorruptible body, in order to persuade us that we should never forget his passion, but keep it always before us, so that our heart might overflow with gratitude and sacred feelings towards him. Northing else, says St. John Chrysostom, can beget inside us these saving results as seeing God carrying the traces of the Cross as far as the throne of his Majesty. According to St. Augustine, the God-man preserved his wounds in heaven in order to show that he will not forget us even in the condition of his glory –which, in any case, is also affirmed by the head-prophet: “Behold on my hands I inscribed your walls, so that they remain in front of me for ever“ (Is. 49:16). In other words, he will never forsake us, because he has written our names on his hands and will intercede for us before God the Father. He may have also retained his wounds in order to teach us that only through sufferings and sorrows will be able to enter the kingdom of heaven. If the God-man was exalted through suffering crucifixion, and if he was glorified by an ignominious death, then, how can we enter into this glory without walking on the narrow path of virtue, and without enduring sorrows and temptations in fighting the good fight? This is quite impossible.
The Ascension as a universal joy embracing heaven and earth. We see, then, that in today’s Feast of the Ascension of Christ, the joy is universal because it extends to both heaven and earth. The Angels rejoice in heaven, because they welcome their King. Human beings also jubilate on the earth, because their entry into the heavenly Jerusalem is now allowed. “All nations clap your hands, shout with a loud voice of elation unto God” (Ps. 46:2). Let us rejoice today, on the day of universal joy, seeing our Lord ascending where he was not before and opening once for all the gates of the heavens so that our human nature, which he bought with his most precious blood, may enter in with him. What a great comfort this is in our hearts, seeing Him who became for us life and light, faithful friend and powerful protector, who truly loved us and shed his Blood for us, and sat at the throne of the Godhead, and gave us the assurance that he will come again sometime in the future in order to take us there too! He himself gave us with his Ascension the confirmation of this truth and the living hope that we too will ascend there and we will never again be separated from him. Our union with him will be like that of the members of a body with its head, since we are the members of his body and he is the Head of us all. If he was resurrected bodily, we too will be resurrected bodily if we so wish. If he was glorified which being in the flesh, we too will be glorified with the flesh and will walk there, where our Lord is, provided that we behave prudently.
The implications of the Ascension of Christ for the Christians:
a) Christians ought to be united with Christ, loving him and keeping his commandments. Since the joy for the gifts of Christ granted to us is true, and the hope that we too will enter into that dwelling place of light and live the blessed life is also assured, we ought to be united with him already in this life, knowing that he is the source of light and life. There is no other way for us to achieve this, except to love him with all our soul, and to keep his saving commandments. When we do this we become God’s dwelling place and begin to experience the true joy of life, recognizing the benefits of his grace and realizing that our joy will be completed when we too participate in his ascension and the glory of his presence and co-reign with him for ever. And this is not all, because we will also sit on the throne of his divine Majesty, as this was explicitly revealed by the truthful mouth of our Savior, which said: “To him who wins, I will grant him to sit with me at my throne, just I won and sat with my Father at his throne” (Rev. 3:21). This is the glory that we will receive if we conquer the passions. We will rise and arrive where the Savior led today his nature, which is related to us, namely, his human bodily existence.
b) Christians ought to live on earth as citizens of heaven. Who, then, would deny, that even if we had a thousand souls and lives, and had to suffer a thousand deaths, would should accept these with absolute eagerness, in order to enjoy even one day of that ineffable glory? Which earthly benefit could constrain our hearts on this earth, which our Savior left, since our citizenship is in heaven and since the ineffable glory awaits us there? Our Lord ascended into heaven, and we here can follow him, remaining united with him through faith and virtue. Certainly, much labor is required of us if we are to ascend to that great height. We are encouraged, however, by the fact that our Lord who ascended there supplies us with strength so that we can succeed. The only thing that he expects of us is to have a willing disposition, and he admonishes us to turn a deaf ear to anything earthly, so that we can be more transportable in our journey above. This means that we are called to leave earthly things on the earth, and to take off our coats of skin, which we put on account of our sin. As the Prophet Elijah threw off his woolskin when the time came for him to ascend to heaven, so should we shake off every agonizing, material endeavor and be detached from a servile attachment to the earth, so that we can easily ascend to the heavenly places. How can we worthily prepare ourselves to rise to the clouds and to go out to meet with our Lord, when he comes with all his royal glory? On that great and celebrated Day, all human beings will be resurrected. Not all of them will be snatched by clouds to go out to meet the Lord in the air. This will happen only to those who kept the commandments of Christ and loved him with all their heart (I Thess. 4:16-17); because only these Christians will be deemed worthy to enjoy such a glory, and only to them will be granted to enjoy that eternal and ineffable blessedness.
The true celebration of the Feast of the Ascension of Christ. Today’s happy Feast of the Ascension of our Lord invites us all who wish to celebrate it truly to do what the holy Apostles did after the Ascension. They worshiped their Teacher on his ascension and returned to Jerusalem (Luke 24:52), i.e. to the house of peace (because this is the meaning of the name Jerusalem). Likewise, we too should return to our homes and make peace with all. The Apostles were in the temple glorifying God and waiting for the descent of the Holy Spirit (verse 53). We should thank our Savior because he gave us the opportunity to celebrate his Ascension and to beseech him from the depths of our heart to make us worthy to celebrate the holy Pentecost as well and be renewed with the grace of the Holy Spirit. It is with this grace that we shall be able to continue the struggle for virtue and to do works which are worthy of our heavenly calling and finally to enter into the great joy of the coming of our Lord.
About Evil, Sorrows, Pain and Death in the World
Homily on the Mystery of Baptism
About Humility
The Kneeling Prayers
Metropolitan Nektarios
His Eminence Metropolitan Nektarios of Hong Kong and South East Asia was born in 1969 in Ioannina, Greece. He is a graduate of Theological Academy of Athens and the Theological School of the University of Athens. He has also successfully completed courses and seminars on the structure, organization, and information technologies of the European Union. He was ordained deacon in 1990 and priest in 1995. On January 9, 2008, the Holy and Sacred Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate selected him to be the new Metropolitan of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. He was consecrated as Bishop on January 20,2008, at the Saint George Patriarchal Cathedral in Fanar, Constantinople, and on March 1, 2008, he was enthroned in Hong Kong.
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Reed Reads
Books Quotes, Book Lists, and Book Recommendations!
"High Fidelity" Quotes by Nick Hornby
Here are selected quotes from High Fidelity by Nick Hornby.
- "What came first - the music or the misery? Did I listen to music because I was miserable? Or was I miserable because I listened to music? Do all those records turn you into a melancholy person? People worry about kids playing with guns, and teenagers watching violent videos; we are scared that some sort of culture or violence will take them over. Nobody worries about kids listening to thousands - literally thousands - of songs about broken hearts and rejection and pain and misery and loss. The unhappiest people I know, romantically speaking, are the ones who like pop music the most; and I don't know whether pop music has caused this unhappiness, but I do know that they've been listening to the sad songs longer than they've been living the unhappy lives." (24-25)
- "You see those pictures of people in Pompeii and you think, how weird: one quick game of dice after your tea and you're frozen, and that's how people remember you for the next few thousand years. Suppose it was the first game of dice you've ever played? Suppose you were only doing it to keep your friend Augustus company? Suppose you'd just at that moment finished a brilliant poem or something? Wouldn't it be annoying to be commemorated as a dice player?" (25)
- "I would go so far as to say that TMPMITW's smile has become one of my all-time top-five low points, the other four of which temporarily escape me. I know I'm not as pathetic as the most pathetic man in the world (Did he spend last night in an American recording artist's bed? I very much doubt it.); the point is that the difference between us is not immediately obvious to him, and I can see why." (141)
- "It seems to me that if you place music (and books, probably, and films, and plays, and anything that makes you feel) at the center of your being, then you can't afford to sort out your love life, start to think of it as the finished product. You've got to pick at it, keep it alive and in turmoil, you've got to pick at it and unravel it until it all comes apart and you're compelled to start all over again. Maybe we all live life at too high a pitch, those of us who absorb emotional things all day, and as a consequence we can never feel merely content: we have to be unhappy, or ecstatically, head-over-heels happy, and those states are difficult to achieve within a stable, solid relationship." (169)
- "When Laura's here, though... I wouldn't go so far as to say she actively like my parents, but she certainly thinks that parents generally are a good thing, and that therefore their little quirks and idiocies are there to be loved, not exposed." (296)
- "Barry, you're over thirty years old. You owe it to yourself and to your friends and to your mum and dad not to sing in a group called Sonic Death Monkey." (303)
- "I play 'Got to Get You off My Mind' by Solomon Burke, and everyone has a go, just out of duty, even though only the best dancers would be able to make something of it, and nobody in the room could claim to be among the best dancers, or even among the most average. When Laura hears the opening bars she spins round and grins and makes several thumbs-up signs, and I start to compile in my head a compilation tape for her, something that's full of stuff she's heard of, and full of stuff she'd play. Tonight, for the first time ever, I can sort of see how it's done." (323) - Final Lines
Posted by jon at 8:20 PM
Labels: Fiction, High Fidelity, Nick Hornby, Quotes
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Quotes (42) Classics (11) Sports (11) Book List (8) Fiction (6) Christian (4) Detective Fiction (4) John Wooden (4) Young Adult (4) CS Lewis (3) Kurt Vonnegut (3) Personal Finance (3) Pride and Prejudice (3) 2012 (2) Book Review (2) Catcher in the Rye (2) Charles Dickens (2) James Lee Burke (2) Jane Austen (2) Lonely Planet (2) Mere Christianity (2) Mother Teresa (2) SlaughterHouse-Five (2) St. Therese de Lisieux (2) The Neverending Story (2) The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2) To Kill a Mockingbird (2) Your Money or Your Life (2) 1984 (1) A Random Walk Down Wall Street (1) Abraham Lincoln (1) Afghanistan (1) Agatha Christie (1) Albania (1) Best First Lines (1) Book Notes (1) Calvin Coolidge (1) Cat's Cradle (1) Christopher Pike (1) Come Be My Light (1) Cormac McCarthy (1) Darcy Frey (1) Dasheil Hammett (1) David Bach (1) David Schwartz (1) Ernest Hemingway (1) Fahrenheit 451 (1) Franz Kafka (1) Friday Night Lights (1) Fyodor Dostyevsky (1) GK Chesteron (1) Garret Kramer (1) Gary Paulsen (1) George Orwell (1) Harper Lee (1) Heaven Is A Playground (1) High Fidelity (1) History (1) Ian Frazier (1) Jack Kerouac (1) John Eldridge (1) John Feinstein (1) John Green (1) John Grisham (1) John Sandford (1) John Steinbeck (1) Kate DiCamillo (1) Lawrence Block (1) Looking For Alaska (1) Lyndon Johnson (1) Mark Twain (1) Matthew Kelly (1) Michael Ende (1) Minaret of Jam (1) Mitch Albom (1) Nick Hornby (1) Nineteen Eighty-Four (1) Non-Fiction (1) Of Mice and Men (1) On The Rez (1) On the Road (1) Pope Benedict (1) Pope John Paul II (1) Ramit Sethi (1) Ray Bradbury (1) Rick Telander (1) Robert Andrew Powell (1) Rory Stewart (1) Simon Sinek (1) St. Augustine (1) Start With Why (1) Stillpower (1) The 4-Hour Work Week (1) The Brothers Karamazov (1) The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time (1) The Five People You Meet in Heaven (1) The Giver (1) The Great Gatsby (1) The Hobbit (1) The Magic of Thinking Big (1) The Maltese Falcon (1) The Places in Between (1) The Road (1) The Screwtape Letters (1) The Tale of Despereaux (1) Theology of the Body (1) Thethi National Park (1) Tim Ferris (1) Travel Book (1) William Faulkner (1) Winterdance (1)
"Pride and Prejudice Quotes by Jane Austen
"Cat's Cradle" Quotes by Kurt Vonnegut
"SlaughterHouse-Five" Quotes by Kurt Vonnegut
Best Classic Books List
"The Tale of Despereaux" Quotes by Kate DiCamillo
"Come Be My Light" Quotes by Mother Teresa
"On The Rez" Quotes by Ian Frazier
Best Christian Books List
"To Kill a Mockingbird" Quotes by Harper Lee
"The Perks of Being A Wallflower" Quotes by Stephe...
"Valley of Bones" Quotes by Michael Gruber
"Looking For Alaska" Quotes by John Green
"The Five People You Meet in Heaven" Quotes by Mit...
"The Boys of Summer" Quotes by Roger Kahn
"Wooden" Quotes by John Wooden
John Wooden's 9 Promises That Can Bring Happiness
John Wooden's Father's Seven Things To Do
John Wooden's Eight Suggestions For Succeeding
Calvin Coolidge Quotes
Best Detective Fiction Books List (and John Sandford)
"Black Cherry Blues" Quotes by James Lee Burke
"The Road" Quotes by Cormac McCarthy
Best College and High School Basketball Book List
"The Last Shot" Quotes by Darcy Frey
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Sheela Raja, PhD
Home Trainings Publications Print & Online Press Kit Consulting
Making Psychology Accessible
Sheela Raja, PhD is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and author of Overcoming Trauma and PTSD, The Sexual Trauma Workbook for Teen Girls, and The PTSD Survival Guide for Teens She is an Associate Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago where she teaches Health Communication and Behavioral Medicine. Dr. Raja received her PhD from the University of Illinois at Chicago and completed internship and post-doctoral training at the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Boston, MA. She is a highly sought after speaker and consultant and has given invited talks at the international and federal level on the topic of post-traumatic stress.
Dr. Raja has a passion for making evidence-based psychology accessible. She is a regular guest contributor to local and national news outlets, providing down-to-earth insights on health and wellness, as well as sharing her psychological perspective on breaking news. She has been featured on national television networks including CNN, HLN, ABC, CBS, and WGN-9 Chicago. She is a blogger for the The Huff Post, and has been quoted as an expert source in numerous print and online publications, including Family Circle, Web MD, Prevention, Real Simple, Shape Magazine, Weight Watchers Magazine, Esquire, Marie Claire, Cosmopolitan, cnn.com, aljazeera.com, foxnews.com, and nbcnews.com. Dr. Raja received the prestigious Society for Behavioral Medicine's 2020 Leading the Narrative Award, which recognizes one recipient for outstanding media work that communicates behavioral medicine science to a public audience.
Clinical Psychologist & Assistant Professor
Trainings on PTSD, Traumatic Events & Health
Online and Print Media
Please note that Dr. Raja cannot provide direct therapeutic advice or consultation via email.
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Patent application title: Apparatus, System, and Method for Increasing Measurement Accuracy in a Particle Imaging Device
Inventors: Wayne Dennis Roth (Leander, TX, US) Matthew S. Fisher (Austin, TX, US)
IPC8 Class: AG01J100FI
USPC Class: 356213
Class name: Optics: measuring and testing photometers
Patent application number: 20120002194
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An apparatus, system, and method for increasing measurement accuracy in imaging cytometry. The system may include a light detector configured to measure light emitted by a first particle and light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region. Additionally, the system may include a processor coupled to the light detector, where the processor is configured to determine a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region and determine a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. The processor may also be configured to subtract the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle and determine the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
1. A method for increasing the measurement accuracy in a particle measurement device comprising: measuring light emitted by a first particle; measuring light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region; determining a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region; determining a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region; subtracting the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle; and determining the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
2. The method of claim 1, where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a CCD detector.
3. The method of claim 1, where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a CMOS detector.
4. The method of claim 1, where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a quantum dot detector.
5. The method of claim 1, where determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region comprises calculating a Gaussian distribution of light from the second particle.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding the measurement of the first particle.
7. A method for increasing the measurement accuracy in a particle measurement device comprising: measuring light emitted by a first particle; measuring light emitted by a second particle, where at least a portion of light emitted by the second particle is reflected off of the first particle; determining a contribution of light from the second particle that reflected off of the first particle; and discarding the measurement of the first particle if the contribution of light from the second particle that reflected off of the first particle is above a predetermined value.
8. The method of claim 7, where determining the contribution of light from the second particle that has reflected off of the first particle includes measuring a distance between the first particle and the second particle.
9. A tangible computer-readable medium comprising computer readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: measuring light emitted by a first particle; measuring light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region; determining a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region; determining a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region; subtracting the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle; and determining the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
10. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a CCD detector.
11. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a CMOS detector.
12. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: where measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle is performed using a quantum dot detector.
13. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: where determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region comprises calculating a Gaussian distribution of light from the second particle.
14. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising: discarding the measurement of the first particle.
15. An optical analysis system, comprising: a light detector configured to measure light emitted by a first particle and light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region; a processor coupled to the light detector, where the processor is configured to: determine a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region; determine a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region; subtract the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle; and determine the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
16. The optical analysis system of claim 15, where the light detector is a CCD detector.
17. The optical analysis system of claim 15, where the light detector is a CMOS detector.
18. The optical analysis system of claim 15, where the light detector is a quantum dot detector
19. The optical analysis system of claim 15, where the processor is further configured to calculate an expected distribution of light from the second particle to determine the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region.
20. The optical analysis system of claim 15, where the processor is further configured to discard the measurement of the first particle.
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates to methods and systems for image data processing. Some embodiments relate to methods and systems for performing one or more steps for processing images of particles.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Imaging using detectors such as charged coupled device (CCD) detectors is used in biotechnology applications. In some applications, the CCDs are configured to measure fluorescent light emitted by particles in response to a light source. Particles may have different intensities of fluorescence depending on how much of a particular fluorescent substance is present. The amount of fluorescent substance may be indicative of several conditions. For example, the amount of fluorescence may indicate the presence or absence of a substance, or the absorption of a particular substance by a particle.
[0005] A method for increasing the measurement accuracy in a particle imaging device is presented. In one embodiment, the method may include measuring light emitted by a first particle and measuring light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region. In some embodiments, the method may include determining a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region and determining a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. Additionally, the method may include subtracting the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle, and determining the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
[0006] In some embodiments, measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle may be performed using a two dimensional CCD detector. In some embodiments, the light detector may be a CMOS detector or a quantum dot detector. Also, in some embodiments, determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region may include calculating a Gaussian distribution of light from the second particle. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the measured light from the second particle is reflected off of the first particle. Determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region may include calculating the light from the second particle that is reflected off the first particle. In addition, determining the contribution of light from the second particle may include measuring a distance between the first particle and the second particle. Determining the amount of measured light from the second particle may include measuring an intensity of the second particle. In some embodiments, the method may include discarding the measurement of the first particle.
[0007] A method for increasing the measurement accuracy in a particle measurement device is also presented. In some embodiments, the method includes measuring light emitted by a first particle and measuring light emitted by a second particle, where at least a portion of light emitted by the second particle is reflected off of the first particle. The method may also include determining a contribution of light from the second particle that reflected off of the first particle, and/or discarding the measurement of the first particle. In some embodiments, the measurement of the first particle may be discarded if the contribution of light from the second particle that reflected off of the first particle is above a predetermined value. In some embodiments, determining the contribution of light from the second particle that has reflected off of the first particle includes measuring a distance between the first particle and the second particle. Additionally, the method may include determining the relative intensity between the two particles.
[0008] A tangible computer-readable medium comprising computer readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations is also presented. In some embodiments, the operations may include measuring light emitted by a first particle and measuring light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region. Also, the operations may include determining a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region and/or determining a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. In some embodiments, the operations may include subtracting the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle and determining the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
[0009] In some embodiments, the operations of measuring light emitted by the first particle and the second particle may be performed using a CCD detector, CMOS detector, and/or a quantum dot detector. Also, the operations may include determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region, which may include calculating a Gaussian distribution of light from the second particle.
[0010] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the measured light from the second particle is reflected off the first particle. In some embodiments, the operation of determining the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region may include calculating the light from the second particle that is reflected off the first particle. The operations of determining the contribution of light from the second particle may include measuring a distance between the first particle and the second particle. In some embodiments, the operations of determining the amount of measured light from the second particle further may include measuring an intensity of the second particle. In some embodiments, the operations may include discarding the measurement of the first particle.
[0011] An optical analysis system is also presented. In some embodiments, the system may include a light detector configured to measure light emitted by a first particle and light emitted by a second particle, where the measured light from the second particle at least partially overlaps the measured light from the first particle in an overlap region. Additionally, the system may include a processor coupled to the light detector, where the processor is configured to determine a contribution of light from the first particle in the overlap region and determine a contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. The processor may also be configured to subtract the contribution of light from the second particle from the contribution of light from the first particle and determine the intensity of light emitted by the first particle.
[0012] In some embodiments, the light detector may be a CCD detector, CMOS detector, and/or a quantum dot detector. Also, the processor may be configured to calculate a Gaussian distribution of light from the second particle to determine the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. Additionally, the processor may be configured to calculate the light from the second particle that is reflected off the first particle and may determine the contribution of light from the second particle in the overlap region. In some embodiments, the processor may be further configured to measure a distance between the first particle and the second particle to determine the contribution of light from the second particle. Also, the processor may be configured to measure an intensity of the second particle to determine the amount of measured light from the second particle. In some embodiments, the processor may be configured to discard the measurement of the first particle.
[0013] A method for increasing the measurement accuracy in a particle imaging device is also presented. In some embodiments, the method may include illuminating a particle using a first light source and creating a first image by taking a first measurement of light emitted from the particle in response to the first light source using a light detector. The method may also include creating a second image by interpolating the first image, where the second image has higher resolution than the first image. Additionally, the method may include determining the center of the particle in the second image.
[0014] In some embodiments the method may include determining the intensity of the particle by integrating the second image. Additionally, the method may include creating an analytical representation of the first measurement of light and determining the intensity of the particle by integrating the analytical representation. In some embodiments, the method may include determining a difference between pixels of the second image and an expected distribution, and discarding the first measurement of light if the difference is above a predetermined threshold.
[0015] In some embodiments, the expected distribution may be a Gaussian distribution. The method may also include illuminating the particle with a second light source, and creating a third image by taking a second measurement of light emitted by the particle in response to the second light source using the light detector. Additionally, the method may include determining the center of the particle in the third image and determining a difference in location between the center of the particle in the second image and the center of the particle in the third image. In some embodiments, the method may include calculating an offset between the second image and the third image in response to the difference.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method may include aligning the first image and the third image. Also, the method may include using a plurality of particles to calculate the offset between the second image and the third image.
[0017] A tangible computer readable medium comprising computer readable code, that when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations is also presented. In some embodiments, the operations may include illuminating a particle using a first light source and creating a first image by taking a first measurement of light emitted from the particle in response to the first light source using a light detector. Additionally, the operations may include creating a second image by interpolating the first image, where the second image has higher resolution than the first image, and determining the center of the particle in the second image.
[0018] In some embodiments, the operations may include determining the intensity of the particle by integrating the second image. The operations may also include creating an analytical representation of the first measurement of light and determining the intensity of the particle by integrating the analytical representation. Also, the operations may include determining a difference between pixels of the second image and an expected distribution, and discarding the first measurement of light if the difference is above a predetermined threshold.
[0019] In some embodiments, the expected distribution is a Gaussian distribution. Also, the operations may include illuminating the particle with a second light source, creating a third image by taking a second measurement of light emitted by the particle in response to the second light source using the light detector, and/or determining the center of the particle in the third image. In some embodiments the operations may include determining a difference in location between the center of the particle in the second image and the center of the particle in the third image and/or calculating an offset between the second image and the third image in response to the difference. In some embodiments, the operations may include aligning the first image and the third image. Also, the operations may include using a plurality of particles to calculate the offset between the second image and the third image.
[0020] An optical analysis system is also presented. In some embodiments, the system may include a light detector configured to measure light emitted by a particle in response to a first light source, and processor coupled to the light detector. The processor may be configured create a first image by taking a first measurement of light and create a second image by interpolating the first image, where the second image has higher resolution than the first image. The processor may also be configured to determine the center of the particle in the second image.
[0021] In some embodiments, the processor may be configured to determine the intensity of the particle by integrating the second image. Additionally, the processor may be configured to create an analytical representation of the first measurement of light and determine the intensity of the particle by integrating the analytical representation. In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to determine a difference between pixels of the second image and an expected distribution and discard the first measurement of light if the difference is above a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the expected distribution is a Gaussian distribution.
[0022] In some embodiments, the processor may be further configured to illuminate the particle with a second light source and/or create a third image by taking a second measurement of light emitted by the particle in response to the second light source using the light detector. Additionally, the processor may be configured to determine the center of the particle in the third image, determine a difference in location between the center of the particle in the second image and the center of the particle in the third image, and/or calculate an offset between the second image and the third image in response to the difference.
[0023] In some embodiments, the processor may be further configured to align the first image and the third image. Additionally, the processor may be further configured to use a plurality of particles to calculate the offset between the second image and the third image. In some embodiments, the processor may be configured to calculate the offset between the first image and the third image.
[0024] The term "coupled" is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.
[0025] The terms "a" and "an" are defined as one or more unless this disclosure explicitly requires otherwise.
[0026] The term "substantially" and its variations are defined as being largely but not necessarily wholly what is specified as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment "substantially" refers to ranges within 10%, preferably within 5%, more preferably within 1%, and most preferably within 0.5% of what is specified.
[0027] The terms "comprise" (and any form of comprise, such as "comprises" and "comprising"), "have" (and any form of have, such as "has" and "having"), "include" (and any form of include, such as "includes" and "including") and "contain" (and any form of contain, such as "contains" and "containing") are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a method or device that "comprises," "has," "includes" or "contains" one or more steps or elements possesses those one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, a step of a method or an element of a device that "comprises," "has," "includes" or "contains" one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Furthermore, a device or structure that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.
[0028] Other features and associated advantages will become apparent with reference to the following detailed description of specific embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
[0029] The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.
[0030] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a system for imaging cytometry.
[0031] FIGS. 2A-2B are a graphs showing the light distribution of two nearby particles.
[0032] FIG. 3 is a measurement of particles taken with a CCD detector.
[0033] FIG. 4A is a measurement of a particle taken with a CCD detector.
[0034] FIG. 4B is a three-dimensional graphical representation of the measurement shown in FIG. 4A.
[0035] FIG. 5A is an interpolated image of the particle shown in FIG. 4A.
[0036] FIG. 5B is a three-dimensional graphical representation of the particle shown in FIG. 5A.
[0037] FIG. 6A is a measurement of several particles, where some particles are close together.
[0038] FIG. 6B is a three-dimensional graphical representation of an interpolated image based on the measured particles in FIG. 6A.
[0039] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the light distribution of two nearby particles.
[0040] FIG. 8 is a flow chart diagram representing a method for subtracting the contribution of light of one particle from another.
[0041] FIG. 9 is a flow chart diagram representing a method for improving the accuracy of a image cytometry measurement.
[0042] FIG. 10 is a flow chart diagram representing a method for determining the intensity of a background signal in a cytometry image.
[0043] FIG. 11A is a matrix representative of an output of a CCD detector.
[0044] FIGS. 11B-11D are matrices showing steps used in data manipulation.
[0045] Various features and advantageous details are explained more fully with reference to the nonlimiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well known starting materials, processing techniques, components, and equipment are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the invention in detail. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, and not by way of limitation. Various substitutions, modifications, additions, and/or rearrangements within the spirit and/or scope of the underlying inventive concept will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.
[0046] Although embodiments are described herein with respect to particles, it is to be understood that the systems and methods described herein may also be used with microspheres, polystyrene beads, microparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanodots, nanoparticles, nanoshells, beads, microbeads, latex particles, latex beads, fluorescent beads, fluorescent particles, colored particles, colored beads, tissue, cells, micro-organisms, organic matter, non-organic matter, or any other discrete substances known in the art. The particles may serve as vehicles for molecular reactions. Examples of appropriate particles are illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,736,330 to Fulton, U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,180 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,107 to Fulton, U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,222 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,449,562 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,295 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,524,793 to Chandler et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,165 to Chandler, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. The systems and methods described herein may be used with any of the particles described in these patents. In addition, particles for use in method and system embodiments described herein may be obtained from manufacturers such as Luminex Corporation of Austin, Tex. The terms "particles", "beads", and "microspheres" are used interchangeably herein.
[0047] In addition, the types of particles that are compatible with the systems and methods described herein include particles with fluorescent materials attached to, or associated with, the surface of the particles. These types of particles, in which fluorescent dyes or fluorescent particles are coupled directly to the surface of the particles in order to provide the classification fluorescence (i.e., fluorescence emission measured and used for determining an identity of a particle or the subset to which a particle belongs), are illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,222 to Chandler et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,649,414 to Chandler et al., which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. The types of particles that can be used in the methods and systems described herein also include particles having one or more fluorochromes or fluorescent dyes incorporated into the core of the particles.
[0048] Particles that can be used in the methods and systems described herein further include particles that in of themselves will exhibit one or more fluorescent signals upon exposure to one or more appropriate light sources. Furthermore, particles may be manufactured such that upon excitation the particles exhibit multiple fluorescent signals, each of which may be used separately or in combination to determine an identity of the particles. As described below, image data processing may include classification of the particles, particularly for a multi-analyte fluid, as well as a determination of the amount of analyte bound to the particles. Since a reporter signal, which represents the amount of analyte bound to the particle, is typically unknown during operations, specially dyed particles, which not only emit fluorescence in the classification wavelength(s) or wavelength band(s) but also in the reporter wavelength or wavelength band, may be used for the processes described herein.
[0049] The methods described herein generally include analyzing one or more images of particles and processing data measured from the images to determine one or more characteristics of the particles, such as but not limited to numerical values representing the magnitude of fluorescence emission of the particles at multiple detection wavelengths. Subsequent processing of the one or more characteristics of the particles, such as using one or more of the numerical values to determine a token ID representing the multiplex subset to which the particles belong and/or a reporter value representing a presence and/or a quantity of analyte bound to the surface of the particles, can be performed according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,736,330 to Fulton, U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,180 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,449,562 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,524,793 to Chandler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,822 to Chandler, U.S. Pat. No. 6,939,720 to Chandler et al., U.S. Patent Publication 2007/0064990, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. In one example, techniques described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,180 to Chandler et al. may be used with the fluorescent measurements described herein in a multiplexing scheme in which the particles are classified into subsets for analysis of multiple analytes in a single sample. In one embodiment, the methods described herein can be used in a MagPix molecular diagnostics instrument. MagPix is a fluorescence microscope with automated image processing software that measures fluorescent intensity of thousands of randomly distributed magnetic beads.
[0050] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 for imaging cytometry. It should be noted that FIG. 1 is now drawn to scale and some elements of the system are not shown so as to not obscure the system in detail.
[0051] The system has a imaging chamber 102 that may have one or more particles 110. As seen in FIG. 1, the particles 110 may not be evenly distributed along the imaging chamber 102, and may result in some particles being close together, such as the group of particles 112. In some embodiments the particles will be randomly distributed. Therefore, the more particles present on the imaging chamber 102, the higher the probability that two particles will be close together. FIG. 1 also shows a first light source 104 and a second light source 106, where the light sources are configured to illuminate particles 110 on the imaging chamber 116. In some embodiments, these light sources may be light emitting diodes (LEDs). The first light source 104 may have a different color (or wavelength of emitted light) than the second light source 106. Light ray 114 represents light emitted by the first light source 104. The light ray 114 may then illuminate the particles 110, which may fluoresce. The fluorescent light created by the particles 110 may then emit toward the light detector 108. Light ray 116 in FIG. 1 represents the fluorescent light emitted by a particle 110.
[0052] The light detector 108 is configured to detect fluorescent light emitted by the particles 110. The light detector may be a CCD detector, CMOS detector, quantum dot detector, or other detector. In some embodiments, it is beneficial for the light detector 108 to have low noise, and high resolution. The CCD detector may be a two dimensional array of pixels that creates a two dimensional image. For example, a CCD detector that may be used in this application is the Kodak KAI-4021.
[0053] In some cases, two or more particles may be close together. In such cases, the measured light in the light detector 108 may be close together and may even overlap. Therefore, in such a case where two or more particles are close together, there may be a pixel that measures light from two different particles. In an effort to increase the measurement accuracy of the system, the overlap of the light from the two different particles may be subtracted to determine the light contribution from each particle. Alternatively, measurements of overlapping particles can be discarded after the overlap is detected.
[0054] The light detector 108 is coupled to a processor 118. The processor is configured to take raw data from the CCD detector and process that data to obtain useful data about the particles 110. In some embodiments the processor may be a dedicated processor with necessary memory, data storage device, and input/output device, or it may be a personal computer that is programmed to perform the functions described herein. The data storage device used by the processor is a tangible storage medium such as a hard drive, an optical drive, or a flash memory device. The input/output device may be a monitor that outputs information to a user, or it may be a communication device, such as an Ethernet controller, that allows information gathered about the particles 110 to be sent to a remote location. Additionally, a printer may be used to output data into a tangible form.
[0055] Turning to FIG. 2A, light emitted from two particles are shown in one dimension. There is a peak of light from particle 202 and a peak of light from particle 204. In this example, the intensity of light from particle 202 is significantly higher than the intensity of light from the particle 204. However, the two particles overlap slightly and the light from the particle 202 contributes to the light measured from the particle 204. In some embodiments, the light attributed to the particle 204 may be subtracted from the light attributed to the particle 202. Therefore, the measurement for particle 202 may be closer to what the measurement of the particle would have been if the particle 204 were not present. One advantage of this method is that more particles may be measured accurately, thereby increasing the overall accuracy of the system.
[0056] Turning to FIG. 2B, this graph also shows light emitted from two particles that are close together. However, the intensity of particle 206 is relatively similar to the intensity of light from the particle 208. As seen in this figure, there is significantly more overlap between these two particles, and determining the contribution of light from particle 208 to particle 206 may be more difficult. In this situation, the two measurements for the particles may be discarded. Alternatively, the distributions of the particles may be approximated using a standard Gaussian distribution based on the measured peaks and the slopes of the particles are least affected by the other particles. For example, the peak of particle 206 and/or the left slope of particle 206 may be used to approximate the expected distribution of particle 206. That expected distribution can then be used to determine the intensity of light emitted by particle 206, rather than the measure light on both sides of the peak of particle 206 (which includes light from particle 208). The same (although a mirror image) process may be used with particle 208 to determine the intensity of particle 208 without the contribution of particle 206. By subtracting the contribution of the neighboring particle, more particles may be measured, thereby increasing the accuracy of the system.
[0057] Turning to FIG. 3, a measurement of several particles using a CCD detector is shown. For example, there is a particle 302 and a particle 304 that overlap in the overlap region 306. Using methods as described herein, particles 302 and 304 may be able to be accurately measured even though the particles are close together.
[0058] FIG. 3 also shows another situation where one particle may contribute light to the pixels measuring light from another particle. Particles 308 and 310 are relatively bright particles, as seen from the white spots near their centers. Between particles 308 and 310 is another particle 312, although particle 312 is much dimmer. One aspect of particle 312 is that the center is dimmer than the perimeter. Typically, if a particle is substantially round, the measured light will be brightest in the center. In particle 312, however, the edges are nearest to particles 308 and 310 are brighter than the center of particle 312. This light measured on the edges of particle 312 is caused by reflection or refraction from particles 308 and 310. In order to get an accurate measurement of the light actually produced by particle 312, the contributions from particles 308 and 310 must be subtracted. One way of subtracting the contribution of light from reflection is to calculate the amount of light that would be expected to reflect off the surface of a nearby particle. In some embodiments, the method of calculating the expected light includes measuring the distance of the nearby particle. In FIG. 3, the closer that particle 308 is to particle 312, the more light is expected to be reflected off the surface of particle 312. Also, the brighter that particle 308 is, the more light is expected to reflect off of the surface of particle 312. Other parameters, such as the medium of suspension or the material and size of the particles may affect how much light is reflected, and therefore may be used to calculate the amount of light that is expected to reflect off the surface of a particle.
[0059] In addition to light that is reflected off the surface of a particle, light may also be refracted through a particle, or through the surface of a particle. Because the indexes of refraction may be different between the particle and the medium of suspension, light may enter the particle at one angle and exit at another. Therefore, light from particle 308 may travel substantially towards particle 312 and refract through particle 312 and end up in the light detector 108.
[0060] In some embodiments, a particle may be discarded because of its proximity to a particle with much higher intensity. Because of proximity and relatively large difference in intensity between particle 308 and 312, particle 312 may be discarded from the measurement. By discarding a measurement known to have error, the accuracy of the overall system may be improved. In some embodiments, a table may be used to determine when a measurement should be discarded. The farther away a neighboring particle is, the more intense it can be before the measurement of a particle is discarded. Because the emission intensity of an omnidirectional radiator falls off at a rate of the square of the distance, the allowable intensity of a neighboring particle may increase with the square of the distance. Table 1 shows one example of the relationship between distance and intensity that can be used to determine when a particle should be discarded. The scale of the intensity is only shown in relative terms and does represent an actual unit of light intensity. The relationship of the values in Table 1 follow the expected dissipation of light and distance of 1/r 2. For example, the threshold for discarding a particle that is twenty pixels away is four times as much as the threshold for discarding a particle that is ten pixels away. This table is given by way of example and not limitation.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Distance Difference (pixels) (intensity) 1 1 2 4 3 9 4 16 5 25 6 36 7 49 8 64 9 81 10 100 11 121 12 144 13 169 14 196 15 225 16 256 17 289 18 324 19 361 20 400
[0061] In some embodiments, other relationships of intensity and distance may be used to determine whether a particle measurement should be discarded. For example, Table 2 shows relative intensities that may be used to discard measurements. In this example, the intensities (also shown in relative terms), may be derived empirically and may represent raw values of individual pixel differences. For example, if an individual pixel value on a particle that is six pixels away is more than 7000 "units" larger than the peak pixel on a particle of interest, the particle of interest may be discarded because the intensity of the neighboring particle is likely to negatively affect the measurement. Also in this example, any neighboring pixels within a distance of 4 pixels from the peak pixel of the particle of interest are ignored, as those nearby pixels are presumed to lie within the dimensions of the particle of interest itself. Also, for example, if the peak to pixel distance is 20 pixels apart, neither should be discarded regardless of the difference between their intensities.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Distance Difference (pixels) (intensity) 1 Infinity 2 Infinity 3 Infinity 4 Infinity 5 3000 6 7000 7 15000 8 30000 9 40000 10 50000 11 55000 12 57000 13 59000 14 60000 15 60500 16 61000 17 61500 18 62000 19 62500 20 63000
[0062] In some embodiments, an individual particle may be measured and the measurement may be processed to increase the accuracy of the measurement. FIG. 4A is a figure showing the raw data from a measurement of a particle using a CCD detector. The figure is 11 pixels by 11 pixels and shows one particle. Although a center of the particle may be roughly discerned, the accuracy of the center may be at most a pixel or half pixel. The image is created by illuminating a particle with a light source 104. The particle 110 may have a fluorescent material either inside the particle or on the surface of the particle. The light 114 from the light source 104 may cause the fluorescent material to fluoresce and emit light 116. The light 116 may then be detected by the light detector 108. The light detector may be a CCD detector, which may then transmit information to the processor 118. The information shown in FIG. 4A is raw data, meaning that it is the information created by the light detector 108 before any processing. The processor 118 takes the raw data and manipulates the data to create useful output, such as information relating to the substance contained in the particles. In some embodiments, the processor may comprise more than one processor. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the light detector 108 may have a processor that performs some amount of processing and communications of the information to the processor 118. The processor 118 may then take that information and further process it to create usable output.
[0063] FIG. 4B shows a three-dimensional graphical representation of the measured particle in FIG. 4A. As can be seen in FIG. 4B, the intensity of the particle is clearly higher at the center of the particle, but the actual position of the particle is not easily measured.
[0064] In one embodiment, the accuracy of the position of the particle is improved by interpolating the measurement of FIG. 4A to create the image of 5A. FIG. 5A shows an image having 110 pixels by 110 pixels. The information contained in FIG. 5A is calculated from the information in FIG. 4A using interpolation. In some embodiments, the interpolation used is spline interpolation. In some embodiments, the interpolation used is polynomial interpolation. Also, in some embodiments, only regions close to particle centers are interpolated, which may reduce the required resources of the system.
[0065] One advantage of using interpolation is that the center of the particle may be located with more precision. For example, in FIG. 5A the pixel having the highest intensity can be used to determine the center of the particle. Compared to FIG. 4A, the center of the particle may be determined with about 10-times more precision. One advantage of the system is that the centers of particles may be determined with more precision than may be possible with the detector alone. Therefore, a CCD detector with a limited resolution may give an output with increased resolution. This allows the system to have a CCD detector that is lower resolution, which may be cheaper or have lower noise, or it may allow the system to attain a resolution that is higher than the highest-resolution CCD detector available. Additionally, the interpolation method may help compensate for loss of resolution caused by optics. In some embodiments, lenses may help make a system more compact, but may adversely affect the resolution of the measured particles. Interpolation may offset the loss of resolution.
[0066] In some embodiments, the intensity of the particle may be calculated from the peak value of the particle because the expected distribution may be known. In some embodiments, the intensity of the particle may be measured by integrating the interpolated image, which may result in higher resolution of measured intensity. The measured intensity of the particle includes the sum of all of the pixels that receive light from the particle. Therefore, one method of finding the intensity is to add all of the pixel intensities together. Similar to a higher resolution in detecting the center of the particle, the intensity of the particle may be determined at a higher resolution by integrating the interpolated image. In particular, the intensity of the particle shown in FIG. 4B can be determined by adding the height of all of the pixels in FIG. 4B. Similarly, the height of all of the pixels in FIG. 5B can be added (and divided by 100 because there are 100 times more points in FIG. 5B than 4B) to find the intensity of the particle with increased resolution. Because the intensity of the measured particle can be determined with increased accuracy, the accuracy of the entire system is improved. Different intensity levels between different particles may be discerned which may allow different levels of absorption to be discerned between different particles. Because a goal of the system is to measure the amount of fluorescent material, the accuracy of the measurement of the intensity of the fluorescence is directly tied to the performance of the system.
[0067] In some embodiments, an analytical representation of a particle may be calculated using either the raw data image or the interpolated image. In this embodiment, a curve, such as a Gaussian curve may be fit to the measured points. The distribution of the curve may be Gaussian because of the point spread function of the lens. The expected curve, which may be represented as an equation or a matrix, may then be used to determine the center of the particle or the intensity of the particle. For example, the center of the particle is where the derivative of the curve equals zero. If there is more than one point where the derivative is equal to zero, the image may contain more than one particle. Also, the equation may be integrated around a certain radius of the center to determine the intensity of the particle.
[0068] The intensity at a pointp having distance r from the center of a particle can be estimated by Eq. 1:
f(r)=a×eb×r2 Eq. 1
where a and b are constants. Specifically, a is the peak intensity value at the center, and b is the rate of decay. The value b may be estimated at calibration time from a set of N data points p1 . . . pN using a least squares approach as shown in Eq. 2,
i = 1 N ( ln ( f ( p i - c ) ) - ln ( p i - c ) ) 2 Eq . 2 ##EQU00001##
where c is the particle center. Note that due to the nature of the logarithm, smaller values contribute more to the error than larger values. This has an effect of weighting the values closer to particle center higher than those values farther away. This weighting is appropriate because there are more points farther away from the center--as the radius r1 increases to r2 the number of pixels that fall within the circle increases by the square of the ratio r1/r2. Therefore, points closer to the center of the particle may be of more interest than points farther away.
[0069] Let I(p) be the intensity of a point p in the image. Let E(p) denote the error from the expected intensity f (p) as:
E ( p ) = N ( p - c ) × ( I ( p ) - f ( p - c ) min { I ( p ) , f ( p - c ) } ) Eq . 3 ##EQU00002##
where N(r) is a normalizing function that acts to weigh pixels closer to the center higher than pixels farther away. One particular choice of N(r) is:
N ( r ) = { 1 ln ( r ) r ≧ e 1 0 < r < e } Eq . 4 ##EQU00003##
In order to accept a particle for classification, one may require:
.A-inverted. p .di-elect cons. { p i p N } , E ( p ) < 1 Eq . 5 i = 1 N ( E ( p i ) ) < 2 Eq . 6 ##EQU00004##
for some constant values ε1 and ε2 where points p1 . . . pN lie within a specified radius about the particle center.
[0070] In some embodiments a particle discriminator may be performed about a preferably sub-pixel accurate peak location in order to quantify whether the particle displays an assumed Gaussian shape intensity likeness. Given a set of pixels P within some specified radius of the particle's peak location q, an ideal imaged particle is assumed to display an intensity profile that models a Gaussian shape having the form of Equation 1, where r is the Euclidian distance from p element of P to q, a is the intensity value at q, and b is an intensity decay parameter having a negative sign. An algorithm for discriminating particles measures the error of intensity(p) versus (∥p-q∥) under some metric, and the accumulation of this error over every pixel in P to ensure the error is small enough to proceed. Otherwise, the particle can be discarded from further processing. Discrimination is preferably done in sub-pixel image coordinate space for greater accuracy.
[0071] FIG. 6A shows the raw data of an image containing several particles. FIG. 6B shows the interpolated information in a three-dimensional rendering. Particle 602 may be accurately measured and may give reliable information about the intensity of the particle. However, the other particles may be too close together to provide reliable information. In one embodiment, the disclosed methods determine when particles should be considered and used in producing an output, and when they should be discarded. In one embodiment, an expected distribution is calculated based on the peak intensity of a particle and the known size of the particle. For example, if all of the particles are of a particular size, the Gaussian distribution of the measured light can be predicted. Therefore, by measuring the peak intensity of the particle, the rest of the shape of the particle can be estimated. The estimated shape can then be used to determine whether a measurement includes light from more than one particle. For example, an expected distribution may predict that a pixel that is two pixels away from the center of a particle should have 50% of the intensity of a the pixel at the center. Therefore, if a pixel that is two pixels away in any direction has 80% of the intensity of the center pixel, one may infer that there is another particle nearby. In this situation, one may determine that it is preferable to discard the measurement rather than integrate the particle to determine the intensity. If there is a nearby particle that is contributing light, the measured intensity will be artificially inflated and may lead to an inaccurate measurement.
[0072] FIG. 7 shows a graph of two particles 702 and 704 that are near each other measured by a light detector 108. The solid line shows the measured intensity of particles 702 and 704. The dashed line shows the expected distribution of particle 702, which may be calculated by the peak of particle 702 and/or the slope on the left side of the particle 702. The dashed line can be used to subtract the contribution of particle 702 to the measurement of particle 704. Alternatively, the dashed line can be used to determine when the measurement of particle 702 and/or 704 should be discarded.
[0073] In some embodiments, more than one image is taken of a set of particles. For example, a second light source 106 may be used to take a third image, where the second light source 106 emits light 115 at a different wavelength than the light 114 from the first light source 104. Because the second light source 106 emits light 115 at a different wavelength, it may be used to detect a second type of fluorescent material that may be present in particles 110. Therefore, if a particle 110 has a material that fluoresces under the light of the second light source 106, but not under the light of the first light source 104, the third image may have a particle in a location where the first image does not. However, in some cases, the a single particle may be measured in both the first image and the third image, and can be used to align the first image and the third image. For example, if the first image and the third image are offset by a few pixels, they can be aligned if the center of a particle in the first image is offset from the center of the same particle in the third image. In some embodiments, more than one particle may be used to align different images. In some embodiments, many particles may be used to align the images, where the offsets measured from many particles are averaged. In some embodiments, some offsets may be discarded because they may represent erroneous measurements and the rest of the offsets may be averaged.
[0074] The schematic flow chart diagrams that follow are generally set forth as logical flow chart diagrams. As such, the depicted order and labeled steps are indicative of one embodiment of the presented method. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more steps, or portions thereof, of the illustrated method. Additionally, the format and symbols employed are provided to explain the logical steps of the method and are understood not to limit the scope of the method. Although various arrow types and line types may be employed in the flow chart diagrams, they are understood not to limit the scope of the corresponding method. Indeed, some arrows or other connectors may be used to indicate only the logical flow of the method. For instance, an arrow may indicate a waiting or monitoring period of unspecified duration between enumerated steps of the depicted method. Additionally, the order in which a particular method occurs may or may not strictly adhere to the order of the corresponding steps shown.
[0075] FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of a method 800 for increasing the accuracy of measurement in imaging cytometry. In one embodiment, the method 800 starts at step 802. In step 802, a light source 104 is used to illuminate a particle 110 which then fluoresces and emits light that is measured in detector 108. In step 804, the light from a second particle is measured using the same light detector 108. In some embodiments, the measurements of 802 and 804 are accomplished simultaneously. In step 806, the contribution of light from each particle is determined. In some embodiments, this step of determining the contribution of light from a particle includes calculating the expected distribution of the light based on the known parameters and measured parameters. For example, a known parameter may be the radius of the particle. A measured parameter may be the peak intensity of the particle. Using a known parameter and a measured parameter, one may calculate the expected distribution of the particle. For example, the expected distribution may be Gaussian, as represented in Eq. 1. In some embodiments, the expected distribution may be determined by calculating an analytical representation of a particle. In some embodiments, a heuristic may be used that approximates the expected distribution. For example, one may approximate that the intensity of a pixel should decrease by a particular percentage depending on how far from the center of the particle a pixel is. In step 808, using the expected distribution, one may subtract the contribution of one particle from the measurement of another particle.
[0076] In some embodiments, an inter-image alignment step may be performed in order to ensure each particle is associated with the correct location in every image channel where the alignment error is assumed to be a translation T of the image coordinates in the x and/or y directions. When a peak search can be performed in an image channel, the inter-image alignment algorithm aligns the detected peaks across the image channels. When a peak search can be performed in some but not all image channels, the inter-image alignment algorithm instead uses the mean location q of a peak value across all channels where the peak was found as an initial value for the location of the particle in the channel c where a peak search cannot be performed. Then this position q is refined in c by allowing q to be perturbed in 1/s sub-pixel steps by up to +/-r pixels along both axes and taking the perturbed value p that yields a maximal optical parameter. For every particle the inter-image particle shift is calculated as the vector q-p and this vector is recorded. Thus each particle votes for its preferred alignment shift. After all the particles have voted for their respective preferred alignment shifts, a statistically significant global shift satisfying the translation T can be seen as the predominant cluster in this vector vote space. The predominant cluster is located, and the center of mass of this cluster is computed as the inter-image alignment vector satisfying T.
[0077] In some embodiments, the inter-image alignment step may include finding the centers of multiple particles by using bounding squares or circles. According to one method, all possible bounding squares of a particular size (e.g. 5 pixels×5 pixels) are summed and the squares with sums higher than a predetermined value are considered to encompass the center of a particle. This technique may be more accurate than simply finding a maximum pixel magnitude in cases where the distribution of surface dye is not uniform across the area of the particle. For example, if the fluorescent dye molecules are unevenly distributed on the surface of the particle, the maximum light emitted from the dye may not come from the center of the particle and the measured light may not have a Gaussian distribution.
[0078] FIGS. 11A-11E show some embodiments of a bounding area method. The first embodiment described is a method using a bounding square of varying length. If the optical parameter chosen involves taking the sum of the pixel values according to a constraint Z, where Z specifies those pixel values inside a bounding square of length 2*w+1 centered at p where some fixed value r is an upper bound for all w, the sum should be computed efficiently by pre-computing a sums matrix as follows.
[0079] Let L=s*k+r. All pixels that fall within a bounding square of length N=2*L+1 centered at p are copied to a temporary matrix M which is buffered with 0's on both the left (minimum x) and upper (minimum y) boundaries (Step A).
[0080] Consider row R of length N+1 of matrix M where we denote R[-1] to be the 0 entry at the left. For each R in M do the following:
[0081] Initialize the sum to 0.
[0082] For each integer i from 0 to N-1 (Step B0) [0083] Update sum=sum+R[i] [0084] Assign R[i]=sum
[0085] For any given k, R[k] denotes the sum of all the values to the left and including k in row R of matrix M.
[0086] Now consider column C of length N+1 of matrix M where we denote C[-1] to be the 0 entry at the top. For each C in M do the following:
[0088] For each integer i from 0 to N-1 (Step C0) [0089] Update sum=sum+C[i] [0090] Assign C[i]=sum
[0091] Now the sum of all the pixels in the image about a bounding box of length 2*w+1 centered at p=<x,y> can be computed as:
[0092] sum=M[u1,v1]+M[u0,v0]-M[u1,v0]-M[u0,v1] (Step D0)
[0093] where: [0094] u0=(p-q)x+L-w-1, v0=(p-q)y+L-w-1 [0095] u1=(p-q)x+L+w, v1=(p-q)y+L+w
[0096] The position p that obtains the maximum sum can now be determined efficiently.
[0097] As an example, consider a matrix 1102 as shown in FIG. 11A after copying the pixel values in Step A, where the goal is to find the sum of pixels inside the bounded square 1104. After performing the sums for each row and column as described in steps B0 and C0, one gets the matrix 1106 as shown in FIG. 11B, where each cell corresponds to a pixel in FIG. 11A and contains the sum of itself and all pixels above and to the left of itself. For example, square 1108 in FIG. 11B is the sum of all pixels in square 1105 in FIG. 11A. Once the matrix 1106 has been computed, it becomes faster to compute sums of bounded squares. For example, to find the sum of bounded square 1104 in FIG. 11A, one can simply take square 1108 minus square 1112, minus square 1116, plus square 1114. In this example, 10224-5310-4472+2295=2737, which is the sum of all the pixels in bounded square 1104 in FIG. 11A. One advantage of using the bounded squares method is that it is faster to find the sum of all possible bounded squares while still providing the advantage of using bounded squares over simply using maxima.
[0098] In another embodiment, bounding squares of a fixed length are used. The sums of the bounded squares may be computed and stored in a matrix. For example, if the constraint Z imposed upon the pixels as input to the optical parameter specifies the pixels inside a bounding square of length 2*r+1 centered at p where r is a fixed integer>=1 then Step B can be modified as follows:
[0099] Consider row R of length N+1 of matrix M where we denote R[-1] to be the 0 entry at the left. Let R' be the new row R of M. For each R in M do the following:
[0100] Let w=2*r
[0102] For each integer i from 0 to w-1 [0103] Update sum=sum+R[i] [0104] Assign R'[i]=sum
[0105] (Step B1)
[0106] For each value i from w to N-1 [0107] Update sum=sum+R[i] [0108] Assign R'[i]=sum [0109] Update sum=sum-R[i-w]
[0110] Step C can be modified as follows:
[0111] Consider column C of length N+1 of matrix M where we denote C[-1] to be the 0 entry at the top. Let C' be the new column C of M. For each C in M do the following:
[0114] For each integer i from 0 to w-1 [0115] Update sum=sum+C[i] [0116] Assign C'[i]=sum
[0117] (Step C1)
[0118] For each integer i from w to N-1 [0119] Update sum=sum+C[i] [0120] Assign C'[i]=sum [0121] Update sum=sum-C[i-w]
[0122] Now the sum of all the pixels in the image about abounding box of length 2*r+1 centered at p=<x,y> can be determined as:
[0123] sum=M[u1,v1] (Step D1)
[0124] where u1=(p-q)x+L+r, and v1=(p-q)y+L+r
[0125] For example, after steps B1 and C1 have been computed on matrix 1102, one gets matrix 1120 in FIG. 11D. To find the sum of the pixels corresponding to bounded square 1122, one can simply look at square 1124. One advantage of using this method is that finding the sum of bounded squares takes very little resources or time after the matrix 1120 has been computed.
[0126] In a third embodiment, a bounded circle of varying diameter may be used. In this embodiment, if the constraint Z imposed upon the pixels as input to the optical parameter specifies pixels within a closed circle centered at p with diameter 2*r+1 (where r is an iteger>=1), then one may perform steps A and B0 to C0 as described obtain a matrix 1106 in FIG. 11B. Next, the sum of all the pixels in the image about within a closed circle of diameter 2*r+1 centered at p=x,y can be determined by performing the following step:
[0127] Let u=(p-q)x+L
[0128] Let v=(p-q)y+L
[0129] Initialize sum=0
[0130] /* Compute the contribution of the horizontal line of pixels through the center */
[0131] Update sum=sum+M[u+r,v]-M[u-r-1,v]
[0132] (Step D2)
[0133] For each y from 1 to r
[0134] //Determine the intersection of the horizontal line with the circle
[0135] Let s=floor(sqft(r 2-y 2))
[0136] //Compute the contribution of the horizontal line below the center
[0137] Update sum=sum+M[u+s,v+y]-M[u-s-1,v+y]
[0138] //Compute the contribution of the horizontal line above the center
[0139] Update sum=sum+M[u+s,v-y]-M[u-s-1,v-y].
[0140] In another embodiment, a bounding circle of a fixed diameter may be used. In some embodiments, a circle may give a better fit to the profiles of particles. Using this embodiment, if the value r for the diameter 2*r+1 for the above constraint Z is fixed, then the intersection points of each horizontal line with the circle can be pre-computed and stored in a table. Thus, step D can be rewritten as:
[0145] Let s=Table[0]
[0146] Update sum=sum+M[u+s, v]-M[u-s-1,v]
[0147] For each y from 1 to Table.Length-1 (Step D3) [0148] //Get the intersection points of the line with the circle by lookup [0149] Let s=Table[y] [0150] //Compute the contribution of the horizontal line below the center [0151] Update sum=sum+M[u+s, v+y]-M[u-s-1, v+y] [0152] //Compute the contribution of the horizontal line above the center [0153] Update sum=sum+M[u+s, v-y]-M[u-s-1, v-y]
[0154] Where the table is generated once during initialization by the following step:
[0155] Set Table.Length=r+1
[0156] For each y from 0 to r [0157] Table[i]=floor(sqrt(r 2-y 2))
[0158] FIG. 9 shows a schematic block diagram for a method 900 for determining whether to use a measured particle, and how to align two images. In step 902, a first image is created by measuring the light emitted from a particle 110 in response to illumination from a light source 104. In step 904, the first image is interpolated to create a second image. In some embodiments, the interpolation used is spline interpolation. In step 906, the center of the particle is determined. The center of the particle may be determined by finding the pixel in the second image with the highest value. The center of the particle may also be determined by creating an analytical representation of the particle. The derivative may be set to zero and the equation solved for the location of the center. In step 908, the expected distribution of the particle may be determined. In some embodiments, the expected distribution may be a Gaussian distribution. At step 908, the measurement of the particle can be compared to the expected distribution. If the measurement of the particle does not correspond to the expected distribution, the measurement may be discarded.
[0159] In step 912, a third image may be created. The third image may be created by shining a second light 106 source onto the particles, where the second light source 106 emits light 115 at a different wavelength than the first light source 104. In step 914, the center of the particle may be determined in the third image. In some embodiments, this step may further include interpolating the third image to create an image having increased resolution. This method may be similar to the method used to create the second image from the first image. In step 916, an offset between the second image and the third image is calculated. In some embodiments, this step includes finding at least one particle that is present in both images and determining the offset. Finally, the second and third images are aligned based on the offset calculated between the images.
[0160] In FIG. 10, a method 1000 is described for increasing the accuracy of a imaging cytometry by accurately measuring a background signal. In step 1002, light from a particle 110 is measured using a light detector 108, such as a CCD detector, in response to light from a light source 104. A measurement using a CCD detector may include both a measurement of particles and a measurement of background signal. The background signal may include background light and may also include noise.
[0161] In optional step 1002, pixels that are within a predetermined radius of measured particles are discarded. The center of the particles may be determined as described above, and the radius may be fixed. In some embodiments, the radius of excluded pixels may increase with the intensity of light from the particle. Therefore, in some embodiments, the brighter a particle, the more pixels that are discarded. Because a goal is to measure the background signal, the measurement of the particles may not be useful.
[0162] In step 1006 the background measurement is assigned as the measured intensity of the pixel that is in the 25th percentile. In one embodiment, all pixels (including the measured particles) in an image are sorted and placed in order. In some embodiments, as described in step 1004, pixels that are within a predetermined radius of a center of a particle are discarded and the remaining pixel intensities are placed in order. By placing the pixels in order, the darker pixels are placed at one end of a list and the lighter pixels are placed at the other. Because the measurement in each pixel will have a noise component, the darkest pixels on the list are the background signal plus a negative noise signal. Pixels higher up in the list will be just the background signal with little to no noise. Even higher in the list are pixels with background signal plus a positive noise component. Finally, the pixels at the top of the list may be pixels that have received light from a light source, such as a particle (although these pixels may be minimized by step 1004). Then, the intensity of the pixel that resides at the 25th percentile is assigned as the background signal. For example, if the image consisted of 100 pixels, and all 100 pixels were sorted and entered into a list. The 25th pixel from the bottom (the 25th darkest pixel) would be assigned as the background level. One advantage of using the 25th percentile is that it is closer to the low end, which will tend to not include light from light sources such as particles. However, by not being at the very bottom, the measurement includes little to no noise. Additionally, because the step 1006 only requires that the pixels be sorted and one pixel selected, the step requires relatively little processing power and resources. In some embodiments, a different percentile may be used. For example, in a low noise system, the 10th percentile may provide an accurate background signal. In other systems, the 30th percentile may be used. In some embodiments, the numbers are not actually placed in a list. Instead, the method may find value in the desired percentile by using an ordered statistics method. In some embodiments, the method of calculating the background noise may be computed for a region that is smaller than the entire detector. For example, the detector area may be partitioned into six different sectors and a background signal may be computed, according to the method described, independently for each sector.
[0163] In step 1008, the background signal determined in step 1006 can be subtracted from all pixels. By subtracting the background signal, the only signal left is the measured signal of the particles.
[0164] All of the methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the apparatus and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to the disclosed apparatus and components may be eliminated or substituted for the components described herein where the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Patent applications by Matthew S. Fisher, Austin, TX US
Patent applications in class PHOTOMETERS
Patent applications in all subclasses PHOTOMETERS
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Home » Ερευνητικά Αποτελέσματα » Επιστημονικά Άρθρα
Bakas D., Kostis P.C., Petrakis P.E. (2020) Culture and labour productivity: An empirical investigation, Economic Modelling, Volume 85, Pages 233-243, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2019.05.020.
Kostis P.C., Kafka K.I., Petrakis P.E. (2018) Cultural Change and Innovation Performance, Journal of Business Research, Volume 88, July, Pages 306-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.010.
Petrakis P.E., Valsamis D.G., Kafka K.I. (2016) From an optimal to a stagnated growth prototype: The role of institutions and culture, Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.011.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C., Kafka K.I. (2016), “Secular stagnation, faltering innovation, and high uncertainty: New-era entrepreneurship appraisal using knowledge-based thinking” Journal of Business Research, Volume 69, Issue 5, May 2016, Pages 1909-1913, DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.078.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C. (2015), “Τhe Role of Knowledge and Trust in SMEs”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, March 2015, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp 105-124.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C., Valsamis D.G. (2015), “Innovation and Competitiveness: Culture as a Long-Term Strategic Instrument during the European Great Recession”, Journal of Business Research, Volume 68, Issue 7, July , Pages 1436-1438 doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.029.
Petrakis P.E., Valsamis D.G., Kostis P.C. (2014), “Uncertainty Shocks in Eurozone Periphery Countries and Germany”, Cyprus Economic Policy Review, Vol.9, No. 2, p.p. 87-106.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C. (2014), “Medium Term Effects of Culture, Transactions and Institutions on Opportunity Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 3, 11.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C. (2013), “Economic Growth and Cultural Change”, Journal of Socio-Economics, Issue C, Vol. 47, pp. 147-157, DOI 10.1016/j.socec.2013.02.011.
Petrakis P.E., Kostis P.C. (2013), “The Effects of Cultural Background, and Knowledge Creation and Impact on Self-Employment and Entry Density Rates”, Review of Economics and Finance, Vol 3, No 2, May.
Petrakis P.E., Valsamis D.G. (2013), “Entrepreneurship, Transaction Costs and Cultural Background”, International Business Research, Vol. 6, No. 5.
Petrakis P.E. (2012), “The Construction of Opportunity Entrepreneurship Function”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, DOI 10.1007/s11365-012-0241-4 .
Petrakis P.E., Papadakis E., Daniilopoulou N. (2012), “Public Statements on Sovereign Yield Spreads: the Greek Case”, Cyprus Economic Policy Review, Volume 6, Number 2, December.
Petrakis P.E. (2011), “Cultural Background and Economic Development Indicators: European South Vs European North”, Modern Economy, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 324-334.
Valsamis D.G., Katsaiti M.S., Petrakis P.E. (2011), “Discrepancies in Financial Performance between Domestic and Foreign Owned Enterprises: The case of Greece”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol.3, No.5.
Petrakis P.E. (2010), "On the Ideal Duration of Entrepreneurial Resources Commitment," Technology and Investment, Vol. 1 No. 1, 2010, pp. 49-58. doi: 10.4236/ti.2010.11006.
Petrakis P.E. (2010), “Time and Risk entrepreneurial Characteristics of growth: The Case of Persistent light industrial prototypes”, iBusiness, Vol.3.
Petrakis P.E., Kotsios S. (2010), “A nonlinear control Model of Growth, Risk and Structural Change”, Journal Intelligent Information Management, Vol.2, No.2.
Eleftheriou K., Athanasiou G., Petrakis P.E. (2010), “Wages and Higher Education Paricipation”, Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, 2010, vol. I, issue 1, pp 22-31
Petrakis P.E., Eleftheriou K. (2009), “Informal Financing of Small ‐Medium Enterprise Sector: The Case of Greece”, Journal of Service Science and Management, Vol.20, pp. 111‐132.
Petrakis P.E. (2009),” Time and risk entrepreneurial characteristics of growth : the case of persistent light industrial prototypes, Entrepreneurship and its economic significance, behavior and effects.- New York, NY : Nova Science Publ., ISBN 9781606926697. - 2009, p. 95-111.
Petrakis P.E. (2008),”Information as SME's Production Factor: The Greek Case”, Cyprus International Journal of Management.
Petrakis P.E. (2007), “The Effects of Risk and Time on Entrepreneurship”, The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol.3, No.3.
Petrakis P.E., Stamatakis D. (2006), “The Human Capital Convergence Fallacy: A cross Country, Empirical Investigation” Journal of Educational Research and Review, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 98‐107.
Petrakis P.E. (2006), “Entrepreneurial Time Commitment and Risk”, Journal of Business and Economics Research, Vol. 4, No 6.
Petrakis P.E., Bourletidis K. (2005), “Theoretical Framework of The Didactive Of Entrepreneurship: Dilemmas Presented In The Selection Of Thematic Units Of The Lesson Of Entrepreneurship" Mentoras Journal, Paedagogical Institute Of Athens, 2005, Vol. 8, pp. 113‐130.
Petrakis P.E. (2005), “Factors influencing the ideal duration of entrepreneurial commitment: The Greek Case”, Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe, Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2005, pp. 101‐118.
Petrakis P.E., Kotsios S. (2005), "The dynamics of structural change under risk influence", Economics Bulletin, John Conley, Volume 15.
Petrakis P.E. (2004), “Entrepreneurship and Risk Premium”, Small Business Economics, 8, Kluwer Academic publishers, Vol. 23, issue 2, 14 p.
Petrakis P.E., Stamatakis D. (2001), Growth and Educational Levels: A comparative Analysis”, Economics of Education Review, Elsevier Science, (2001), Vol. 21, Issue 5, pp. 513‐521.
Petrakis P.E. (1998), “Producer and Business Services in Greece”, contribution to the European Observatory for SME’s, European Commission.
Petrakis P.E. (1997), “Risk and Growth in the Greek Economy”, Greek Banking Union Journal, 1997, 5.
Petrakis P.E. (1997), “Entrepreneurship and Growth: Creative and Equilibrating Events”, Small Business Economics, 8, Kluwer Academic publishers, 20 p.
Petrakis P.E. (1993), “The Social Evaluation of the Bauxite – Alumina – Aluminium – Aluminium Products productive circuit: The Case of Greece”, Materials and Society, Vol. 15, Pergamon Press, 19.
Petrakis P.E. (1992), “Economic Fluctuations in Greece: 1844 ‐1913", Journal of European Economic History, Banca di Roma, 18 p.
Petrakis P.E., Alexakis P. (1991), "Analysing Stock Market Behaviour in a Small Capital Market", Journal of Banking and Finance, Elsevier Science, North Holland, 12 p.
Petrakis P.E., Panorios H. (1989), “Turning Points of the Greek Economy: 1840 1913", Historics Vol.19 (June), 14p.
Petrakis P.E. (1989), “ The Industrialist as Producer, Trader, Financier. Selected Funding Policies", (1989), Spoudai, University of Piraeus Publications, Vol. 38, issue 3‐4 (June), 12 p.
Petrakis P.E. (1986), “The Effect of Banking Regulations on the Money Supply and the Short ‐Term Borrowing in the Greek Economy: 1862‐1869", Etudes Balkaniques, Garabedyan, A. (ED), issue 4, 11
Petrakis P.E. (1985), ”The Borrowing Requirements of the Greek Public Sector: 1844 ‐1869", The Journal of Hellenic Diaspora, Pella Publishing Company, (1985), 13 p.
Petrakis P.E. (1985), “The Added Value of Domestic Products in the Greek Economy, especially in the Manufacturing Industry ", Spoudai, University of Piraeus Publications, Vol. 3 ‐4, 11 p.
Petrakis P.E. (1984), “The Application of Input ‐Output Tables for the tracking of Leading‐edge Sectors in the Greek Economy", Spoudai, University of Piraeus Publications, Vol. 3 ‐4, 11 p.
Petrakis P.E. (1983), "The Demand for Imported Industrial Products in the Greek Economy", Spoudai, University of Piraeus Publications, Vol. 1 – 2, 8 p.
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Walpole Massachusetts Family Vacations - Ideas on Hotels Attractions & Reviews
Home Destinations US Massachusetts Walpole
The City of Walpole, MA
Walpole is a small town in the state of Massachusetts. The largest nearby city to Walpole is Boston, approximately 23 miles from the city center.
There are several family restaurants in or near Walpole, including Jalapenos Taqueria, Kylemore Restaurant & Pub, Subway, First Sandwich Shop and Feng's 88. For a larger selection of Walpole restaurants select our Restaurants tab above.
Visitors and residents can enjoy nearby Walpole Museums and/or Golf Courses, including the Lost Brook Golf Club, Fore Kicks Golf & Indoor Sports Complex, Glen Ellen Country Club, Norwood Country Club and Dwight-Derby House. For a more complete list of attractions in or around the city of Walpole please click on the Attractions tab above.
The following 2 airports are located in or near Walpole:
- Boston Logan Intl. Airport (BOS)
- Providence T.F. Green Airport (PVD)
Filter by: All Arenas Auto Race Tracks Beaches Botanical Gardens Golf Courses Museums Ski Resorts Zoos
Walpole, Massachusetts Attractions
#1 Course at Ponkapoag Golf Club - Canton,
Abbot Hall (Marblehead, Massachusetts) - Marblehead,
Abbot Hall is a town hall and historical museum located at 188 Washington Street, Marblehead, Massachusetts. It is open year-round, though with restricted hours in the colder months.
Abbotsford (Boston, Massachusetts) - , Roxbury,
Abbotsford, now the Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists, is a historic house at 300 Walnut Avenue in Boston, . The museum is dedicated to black visual arts heritage worldwide, and presents historical and contemporary exhibitions in many media, including painting, sculpture, graphics, photography and decorative arts. The museum is operated by the National Center of Afro-American Artists.
Abiel Smith School - Boston,
Abiel Smith School, founded in 1835, is a school located at 46 Joy Street in Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to the African Meeting House. It is named for Abiel Smith, a white philanthropist who left money in his will to the city of Boston for the education of black children. The city constructed the school building with Smith’s legacy. In 1835, all black children in Boston were assigned to the Smith school, which replaced the basement school in the African Meeting House.
Acushnet River Valley Golf Course - Acushnet,
The Acushnet River Valley Golf Course is an 18 hole public golf course in Bristol County Massachusetts. Built in 1998, this Acushnet course designed by Brian Silva is open apr 1 to dec 1. Tee times are accepted up to 7 days in advance and the pro shop phone number for reservations is 508-998-7777. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda short required.
Address: 685 Main St, Acushnet, MA 2743
Adams National Historical Park - Quincy,
Adams National Historical Park, formerly Adams National Historic Site, in Quincy, Massachusetts, preserves the home of Presidents of the United States John Adams and John Quincy Adams, of U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, Charles Francis Adams, and of the writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams.
Addison Gallery of American Art - Andover,
The Addison Gallery of American Art, as a department of Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, is an academic museum dedicated to collecting American art. The museum's purpose is to acquire, preserve, interpret, and exhibit works of art for the education and enjoyment of local, regional, national and international audiences, including the students, faculty, and community of Phillips Academy, and other students, teachers, scholars, and the general public.
African Meeting House - Boston,
The African Meeting House, which is also referred to as First African Baptist Church or Belknap Street Church, was built in 1806 and is now the oldest black church edifice still standing in the US. It is located in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts adjacent to the African American Abiel Smith School. It is a National Historic Landmark.
Agganis Arena - Boston University - Boston,
Agganis Arena is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Boston, Massachusetts.
Armenian Library and Museum of America - Watertown,
Armenian Library and Museum of America, located in Watertown, Massachusetts, is an institution that has the largest collection of Armenian artifacts in North America.
Filter by: All Bed & Breakfast Boutique Budget Economy Hostel Luxury Other Up Scale
Walpole, Massachusetts Hotels
Residence Inn Dedham
259 Elm St
Fairfield Inn By Marriott Boston Dedham
Holiday Inn Boston - Dedham Hotel & Conference Center
55 Ariadne Rd
Hilton Boston/dedham
25 Allied Drive
Dedham, MA 02026-6147
Proctor Mansion Inn
36 Common Street
Wrentham, MA 02093
Residence Inn By Marriott Foxborough
250 Foxborough Blvd
Comfort Inn Foxboro
4 Fisher St
Courtyard By Marriott Foxborough/mansfield
35 Foxborough Boulevard
Homewood Suites By Hilton Boston/canton, Ma
50 Royall St
Red Roof Inn Boston - Mansfield/foxboro
60 Forbes Blvd
Filter: All Asian Restaurants Ethnic Dining Family Restaurants Fast Food Restaurants Italian Restaurants Mexican Restaurants Sandwich & Deli Shops Specialty Restaurants Steak & Seafood Restaurants Vegetarian Restaurants
Walpole, Massachusetts Restaurants
This is a list of Walpole Mexican Restaurants with addresses and phone numbers, including Chinese Restaurants, Sandwich Shops, Fast Foods & Carry Out and Pizza Restaurants. Happy Dining!
Jalapenos Taqueria
Feng's 88
First Sandwich Shop
Guido's Restaurant
Route 1A
Kylemore Restaurant & Pub
Family Pizzeria
Mandarin Cuisine
Jimmy's Pizza & Restaurant
4 North Street Circle
90 Bos Prov Highway
Walpole Articles
5 Top Boston Attractions for Families
Boston Massachusetts is a diverse city with fantastic attractions, and this article lists the best 5 attractions for families from museums to aquariums, zoos and more.
Boston Massachusetts for the New Year
Celebrate New Year in Boston, watch fireworks illuminate the harbor and city and taste the delights of the season New England style
I Spy with my Little Eye – B for Boston Part II
Things to do and see in Boston including Museums like the Isabelle Stewart Gardener and Boston Science Museum, Historic sights like Chinatown, John Hancock Tower, USS Constitution in Boston Harbor and Harvard Square, Restaurants and more!
I Spy With My Little Eye, Something Beginning With “B”
Boston is a perfect city to take your kids on an urban adventure. From the Back Bay and Charles River to colonial North End and everything between, enjoy the many historic sights, public gardens, restarants and more.
Time Travel in Boston: Historic Hotspot for Family Trips
From towering skyscrapers to narrow historic streets, every nook and cranny of the city of Boston seems to hold something special and significant. History is literally everywhere, not just in the dreaded confines of museums.
Search Nearby Cities
Cities Near Walpole
East Walpole, Massachusetts - 2.2 miles
South Walpole, Massachusetts - 3.2 miles
Medfield, Massachusetts - 3.5 miles
North Scituate, Massachusetts - 3.7 miles
Norwood, Massachusetts - 3.8 miles
Norfolk, Massachusetts - 4.6 miles
Millis, Massachusetts - 5.6 miles
Westwood, Massachusetts - 5.7 miles
Foxboro, Massachusetts - 6.4 miles
Dover, Massachusetts - 6.5 miles
Dedham, Massachusetts - 7.6 miles
Sherborn, Massachusetts - 8.4 miles
Readville, Massachusetts - 8.7 miles
Medway, Massachusetts - 9.0 miles
Wrentham, Massachusetts - 9.0 miles
Franklin, Massachusetts - 9.1 miles
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Emergency Petition Assails OSHA
(Washington, DC) —On July 26, 2006, two affiliate unions of the Change to Win federation — the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters — began petitioning the Department of Labor (DOL) to immediately issue an Emergency Temporary Standard to stop the continued risk of diacetyl exposure to workers. In 2002 and 2003, OSHA’s own scientists studying diacetyl unsuccessfully urged their leaders to take broader action to protect workers. There are currently no OSHA standards requiring exposures to be controlled.
Diacetyl is a hazardous chemical that has been connected to a potentially fatal lung disease that has been experienced by food industry workers across the nation. There have been dozens of cases of what has become known as “popcorn workers lung,” or bronchiolitis obliterans—a severe, disabling, and often-fatal lung disease experienced by factory workers who produce or handle diacetyl.
“Three workers have died and hundreds of others seriously injured,” said Jackie Nowell, UFCW Safety & Health Director. “It’s time for action. We will not let food processing workers continue to be the canaries in the coal mine while waiting for the industry to regulate itself.”
More than 8,000 workers are employed in the flavorings production industry and may be exposed to the dangers of diacetyl and other similar chemicals. Tens of thousands of food processing workers are involved in the production of popcorn, pastries, frozen foods, candies and even dog food that use these chemicals. It is not clear whether consumers are at risk from exposure to diacetyl but certainly the workers who deal with high concentrations of the flavoring chemical are at risk of developing serious and irreversible lung damage.
The unions’ petition is accompanied by a letter from forty-two of the nation’s leading occupational safety scientists, including a former OSHA director, five former top officials from OSHA, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Health and Human Services, who all agree that there is more than enough evidence for OSHA to regulate.
“”Study after study have shown that breathing artificial butter flavor destroys workers lungs. We know how to prevent this terrible disease but OSHA refuses to act”” said Dr. David Michaels of the Project on Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy at the George Washington University School of Public Health.
The UFCW and Teamsters filed the petition for an Emergency Temporary Standard with the DOL to require employers to control airborne exposure to diacetyl and ensure that all employees who are exposed to a certain airborne level of the chemical are provided with air purifying respirators. The safety of these workers would be additionally monitored through medical surveillance and regular consultations.
The petition also demands that OSHA immediately issue a bulletin to all employers and employees potentially exposed to diacetyl outlining the dangers of the chemical. OSHA is being asked to conduct inspections and begin rule-making proceedings to establish a permanent standard that will put an end to this tragic epidemic and protect workers from exposure to all flavorings.
“The science is clear. Now it is time for the Department of Labor to employ their regulatory mandate and protect the public,” said Lamont Byrd, Teamster Safety & Health Director. “Such illnesses and fatalities are avoidable and therefore, inexcusable. An Emergency Standard is necessary to prevent the suffering and death of the additional workers who will get sick during the time it would take for OSHA to set a Permanent Standard.”
The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union’s 1.4 million members work in America’s supermarkets, meatpacking and food processing plants. Founded in 1903, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters represents more than 1.4 million hardworking men and women throughout the United States and Canada. Both unions are founding members of the Change to Win federation. www.changetowin.org
For more information and studies about Popcorn Workers Lung Disease, go to www.DefendingScience.org
A copy of the DOL petition.
A copy of the letter from top scientists.
A timeline about diacetyl in the United States.
DOL OSHA
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Emma Hardy – 2020 Speech on the Caravan Industry
June 17, 2020 admin 2020, Emma Hardy, Speeches
Below is the text of the speech made by Emma Hardy, the Labour MP for Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle, in the House of Commons on 15 June 2020.
As many Members will know, Hull is the capital of caravan manufacturing in the UK, and the Hull MPs have a strong tradition of standing up for the sector. My hon. Friend the Member for Kingston upon Hull North (Dame Diana Johnson) was instrumental in protecting the industry after the global financial crash in 2008. She was joined by my hon. Friend the Member for Kingston upon Hull East (Karl Turner) in the fight against the caravan tax under the coalition Government. I take up the baton with my Hull colleagues today to ask the Government to act to protect this vital industry.
I first wrote to the Government about the challenges facing the caravan industry in a letter addressed to the Prime Minister on 20 May, jointly with my hon. Friends the Members for Kingston upon Hull North and for Kingston upon Hull East. In it, we asked that caravan dealerships be opened at the same time as car dealerships and that, in line with the then current guidance for estate agents and house viewings, caravan parks should also be allowed to open for sales and meetings. I am happy to say that those asks were met by the Government, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for heeding the calls from the industry and acting upon them.
Like other businesses across the country, caravan manufacturers have benefited from the Government’s economic support measures, including the job retention scheme and the business interruption loan scheme. Unfortunately, all those measures have not been enough to alleviate sufficiently the pressure on the industry, and without further intervention, the future is stark. The position of caravan manufacturers sets them apart from others in the manufacturing sector, as they are entirely dependent on trade in the leisure and tourism sector.
Peter Aldous (Waveney) (Con)
I congratulate the hon. Lady on securing the debate. She is making a very good point. Does she agree that there is a need to consider the whole caravan industry supply chain, from the manufacturing that takes place in Hull and East Riding right through to coastal communities like my constituency? When you sneeze, we get a cold as well.
Emma Hardy
The hon. Member is quite right. Hull is the capital of caravan manufacturing in the UK, but that is not to say that it is not a vital industry in other areas of the country as well.
Because caravan manufacturers are not officially part of the leisure and tourism sector, they are not eligible for the extra Government support that leisure and tourism enjoy, so I am here to speak up for an industry which faces unique challenges and plays a pivotal role in the prosperity of a region that has no capacity to withstand its loss. The caravan industry is a great British manufacturing success story. The industry’s supply chain comprises caravan manufacturers and their suppliers, which feed into the UK retail network of caravan parks, dealerships and distributors. The industry contributes £9 billion a year to the UK economy and is a growing exporter. Employment within the supply chain stands at 207,580, and I understand that the hon. Member for Strangford (Jim Shannon) has the third largest caravan site in Northern Ireland in his constituency.
Jim Shannon (Strangford) (DUP)
The hon. Lady has highlighted the importance of the caravan manufacturing industry, but it also depends on the people buying them and the caravan season. In Northern Ireland, we have announced that the caravan sector will reopen on 26 June. Would she love to see that happen for the caravan sector in England, so that the tourism sector can progress from that?
Madam Deputy Speaker (Dame Eleanor Laing)
Order. The hon. Gentleman has made his point well, but I must point out that this is a very narrow debate, and we will stick to the rules. We are talking about the caravan industry in Hull and East Riding.
I am happy to support caravan manufacturing everywhere.
When lockdown began on 24 March, 3,361 caravan parks closed, along with 381 caravan dealerships. Restrictions on travel were introduced, and the public were ordered to stay at home. At a stroke, 2.4 million people were denied the use of their caravan, either static or towed. The result was that the entire caravan manufacturing industry came to an abrupt halt. Notwithstanding the requirements for effective social distancing and hygiene in workplaces, as no more orders were arriving on the companies’ books, 208 caravan manufacturers and 647 suppliers closed, and 90% of the workforce is currently furloughed. The manufacturers have been working hard, ensuring that their factories can reopen safely for their workers, and respecting the relevant distancing and hygiene guidance. However, the caravan industry is a seasonal business, with the prime selling and order period occurring between March and September. This lockdown could not have come at a worse time; it came right at the start of a crucial period.
Scott Mann (North Cornwall) (Con)
I am aware of the Deputy Speaker’s insistence that we bring this debate back to the issue of Hull. One great thing about Hull is that it produces this great British manufacturing that trundles down the motorways to places such as North Cornwall. Will the hon. Lady join me in not only supporting this great British manufacturing industry, but calling for the safe reopening of tourism, so that many of the tours can then take place in the south-west?
I thank the hon. Gentleman for his intervention. Of course, wherever we can prove and make the case for safe reopening, I urge the Government to consider that.
The longer the closures have continued, the greater the losses have become. As I speak here, in mid-June, with possibly the entire season in jeopardy, business failures and substantial redundancies in the winter look inevitable without further Government intervention. The tourer and motorhome industry has lost its income from seasonal sales, and the lack of orders taken will leave it unable to sustain itself over winter. The unsold stock in the supply chain will depress whatever demand there is. The static caravan manufacturers face the prospect that whenever caravan parks and holiday parks reopen, there will be little demand for the production of new units over the winter for the yearly refreshing of rental units. Those businesses will be either unable or extremely reluctant to spend money, because of the loss of revenue, and will choose instead to make do with last year’s model. That is born out of independent forecasts for 2020, with sales predicted to be worse than those experienced in the global financial crisis of 2008. Compared with 2019, touring caravans face a market decline of 49%, holiday or static caravans face a decline of 56% and motorhomes face a decline of 55%. Thousands of employees are currently furloughed. They will be made redundant—current estimates are for about 40% of the entire workforce—or they will lose their jobs through company failure. The economic and social impact will be directly felt in areas already under tremendous economic pressure and with high levels of deprivation.
Mr Richard Holden (North West Durham) (Con)
The hon. Lady is making a powerful case for a very competitive sector, in which her constituents are competing with some of my constituents in Delves Lane in Consett who make the Elddis caravans. As she says, we are talking about a competitive sector, and the Government support is to prop up not a dying industry, but a thriving industry, in order to allow it to survive and succeed into the future.
I thank the hon. Gentleman for his intervention, and he is right to say that this is a thriving industry—or at least it was until covid-19. With the right support, it can be a thriving industry once again. The Hull and East Riding caravan industry originally developed in the 1950s, taking advantage of the plentiful imports of timber through the ports of Hull and Goole. Leading companies in the area now include Swift, Willerby, ABI, Atlas, Delta, Coachman, Europa and Victory Leisure Homes. We are proud that they represent the largest caravan manufacturers in the UK and in 2019 produced 50% of the national total of touring caravans, 30% of the motorhomes and a staggering 90% of the holiday caravans. As I mentioned, we are the caravan building capital of the UK. In addition, the wider industry that has developed around this skill base produces park lodges, modular homes and relocatable buildings. These companies and other smaller manufacturers support many others as part of their supply chain. For example, a typical static caravan requires 2,500 parts and requires to be hand-finished by skilled craftspeople. In our area, 20,000 jobs rely directly or indirectly on the manufacture and sale of caravans and motorhomes.
As the hon. Member for North West Durham (Mr Holden) mentioned, prior to this crisis these companies’ order books were full, and at least one of the major manufacturers was planning to expand its facilities. In the medium to long term, it is anticipated that demand for static caravans and lodges, based on bulk orders emanating from lodge and caravan parks, as well as demand for touring caravan and camper vans, will be significant.
I understand that 2021 bookings for holiday parks are extremely high already. It is entirely plausible that in our altered circumstances they will see an increase in demand beyond that anticipated as people prefer to holiday in the UK on sites where social distancing can be achieved. Static and mobile caravan sites are well placed to meet those requirements. The question will be, who will meet that demand? Will another once-proud British industry be allowed to go to the wall and see demand filled by imports, with jobs and money flowing out of the country? This is surely not what is meant by the Government’s aspiration to be a global Britain.
As I said, caravan and motorhome manufacturers have benefited from the Government’s economic support measures: most staff are furloughed and they are able to access the coronavirus business interruption loan scheme. However, the industry is entirely dependent on trade in the leisure and tourism sector, which was rightly identified by the Government at the start of their pandemic response as uniquely impacted by the requirements of the lockdown, with the new rules on social distancing and the initial restrictions on even small gatherings. The Government introduced extra support for the sector. However, the caravan industry has not been made eligible for this support, despite the fact that it is totally reliant on the sector. Because of the destruction of the 2020 selling and order season, even as the restrictions on the leisure sector are eased and caravan parks and campsites reopen, the caravan manufacturing industry will see very few new orders. As things stand, it can only hope to struggle on until winter before the crushing economic realities can no longer be avoided.
Some 95% of caravans are privately owned. They are self-contained, and the generous separation distance between units is actually far greater than the spacing of many new detached homes. As such, they offer perhaps the safest form of leisure and holiday accommodation. Now that the restrictions due to the covid-19 pandemic have been imposed on us, and are set to be with us for quite some time, the demand and opportunities for overseas travel are likely to be reduced, while the demand for safe domestic holidays will increase, without doubt. A caravan-based holiday could soon register towards the top of the list of holiday accommodation choices. I speak as someone who has been taking my children—my two daughters—on caravan holidays every year to various Haven sites up and down the country since they were born, so I can personally vouch for the enjoyment of a static caravan holiday.
But that demand will not be fully realised until the summer of 2021, at the very least, and whether it is met by British manufacturers or their overseas competitors will depend entirely on the actions that the Government take right now. On 5 June, the Labour leader of Hull City Council and the Conservative leader of East Riding of Yorkshire Council jointly wrote to the Chancellor asking for clarification on whether the caravan industry is eligible for the business rate relief funded by the Government. As the fortunes of the industry are tied directly to the holiday and leisure sector, it would seem to be wholly reasonable for the Government to extend them to the same facilities. The council leaders’ position, and that of the industry, is that granting such access would allow the local authorities to offer significant support and be invaluable in preventing further job losses while retaining the capacity to immediately respond to any eventual upturn in the market. I ask the Minister to urge his colleagues at the Treasury to make this relief available.
Currently, the furlough scheme is proposed to start to be reduced in August, concluding in October, but this coincides with what is normally the last part of the industry’s sales season. As I said, the majority of that season has already been lost. Existing surplus stock is likely to cover any pick-up in demand before the winter, when sales and consumer orders are normally low, and there is no reason to believe that this winter would be any different. As already mentioned, at the same time holiday parks, which would normally be looking to replace old units and consider expansions, are probably going to make do because of a lack of funds and confidence. Therefore, while the rest of the economy might be expecting to show signs of recovery as activity and demand begin to grow, caravan manufacturers will remain in the doldrums, with little or no work available until the new cycle begins in spring 2021.
I therefore ask that consideration is given to a flexible, sector-focused approach to ending the furlough scheme that would allow its extension in the case of the caravan manufacturing industry so that companies are able to retain staff through an extended period of inactivity. The caravan manufacturing industry is the neck of the supply chain funnel and it is vital that the Government support it through autumn and winter until spring 2021. That would avoid job losses, safeguard capacity and enable it to respond quickly to improvements in market conditions when they arrive. May I ask that the Minister impress on his colleagues at the Treasury the exceptional circumstances of this industry, circumstances that set it at odds with what may be happening with the economy as a whole?
The people of Hull and East Riding, and no doubt the rest of the country, want to work. They do not want to sit at home. Far better than furlough would be orders. As a way of stimulating demand, I urge the Government to consider mechanisms such as allowing static caravan site owners to be able to accelerate capital write-offs or other value added tax measures. The French Government have moved to protect their own caravan manufacturing industry with a special loan scheme for their tourism and leisure sector, which specifically allows the purchase of holiday caravans with no capital payback for the first two years. I bring that to the Minister’s attention not only because it is worthy of consideration, but to underline the fact that the Government cannot assume that foreign competition will be as badly affected as the UK industry currently stands to be. I should also note that France already has a flexible furlough scheme in place for the tourism and leisure industry. The National Caravan Council and its members have lobbied hard for the supply chain to be unlocked. It is now vital that the reopening of caravan parks begins as soon as is safe to do so. I urge the Government to give clarity to the sector, so it can start to make critical preparations.
Following the 2008 financial crash, three out of every 10 caravan manufacturers in Hull closed their doors. The workforce of the manufacturing sector and industry was reduced by 55%. That was a body blow to the city and the surrounding area. Thousands of families were affected and the effects can still be felt. Hull remains one of the most deprived local authority areas in the country on every metric. The last two years have seen the unemployment rate actually rise in Hull. It now faces a round of closures and redundancies that are set to eclipse even the disaster of 2008. If the Government’s stated intention is truly to level up the country, Hull and the areas that accompany it at the top of those lists must be the places where they begin the process. Those within the industry assure me that without further intervention from the Government the impact of covid-19 is likely to hit the industry twice as hard as 2008. I cannot bring myself to contemplate the devastation that that would bring. It simply cannot be allowed to happen.
I remind the Minister that before the pandemic enveloped us this was a healthy and growing industry. It can be again, so long as it is given the support it needs now. I urge him to consider its unique circumstances and its vital contribution to some of the most deprived areas in the UK. I once again ask him to consider the specific calls for the support I have made here today: the inclusion of the caravan sector in the business rates relief available to the leisure and tourism sector; a flexible sector-specific extension to the furlough scheme; and a package of measures designed to stimulate the leisure and tourism sector to purchase new and replacement stock, as it would under normal circumstances.
The Minister must engage with the industry and the National Caravan Council and take their case to the Treasury to avoid the destruction of thousands of jobs, and the families and communities those jobs support. The Government were elected with a promise to level up. It is now time to prove that that is more than just a slogan by supporting the Hull MPs’ call to protect the caravan industry. The Government cannot once again be too slow to act. Along with the 207,580 people employed in the caravan supply sector, I look forward to the Minister’s response.
← Justin Madders – 2020 Speech on Public Health
Michael Gove – 2020 Statement on the Withdrawal Agreement →
Lord Freud – 2011 Speech on Reforming Welfare
Theresa May – 2018 Speech at High Performing Teachers’ Reception
Jim McMahon – 2020 Comments on Government’s Rail Fare Increases
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Tar Heel coach Larry Fedora will aggressively recruit North Carolina.
Recruiting In Full Swing
Tar Heel coach Larry Fedora recently announced the signing of Carolina's 2012 incoming freshman class. A review of the class can be found at Tarheelblue.com on this link. Lee Pace's story on how the staff found and signed two quarterbacks under difficult circumstances can be found here.
Fedora and his staff are off to a fast start on the class of 2013, getting verbal commitments the second week in February from two highly regarded juniors at Hillside High in Durham. You can read about those commitments here.
The new staff did a commendable job picking up the pieces from the previous staff amid much negative recruiting over potential NCAA sanctions. Fedora is laying the groundwork to reestablish the program's ties in the state of North Carolina and to hopefully slow the exodus of top players to SEC schools.
"We will make that a huge emphasis," Fedora said. "The only way to do that is to build relationships with high school coaches and build relationships with the players you're going to coach. Then you have to put a product on the field that everyone can be proud of, a product that kids see and can say, 'I can reach every dream I have right here, there's no need to go anywhere else.'"
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The Alfred Hitchcock you may not know
Some interesting facts about the master of suspense.
by Matthew Myers May 31, 2015
Alfred Hitchcock was one of the most influential filmmakers and producers of all time. The master of suspense was notorious for many unique things throughout his career in both film and television.
As a big fan of all of his work, I still learn things about the legendary writer almost everyday.
Here are some interesting facts about Alfred Hitchcock that I recently dug up.
Alfred Hitchcock was on a US stamp in 1998.
Hitchcock used hidden cameras for the exterior shots of the United Nations building in North by Northwest. The people in the exterior shots were not extras, they were real people that walked into the shot.
Hitchcock once planned to film a scene in Disneyland. Walt Disney barred Alfred from filming inside the park after seeing Psycho, and the project entitled The Blind Man was never finished.
Alfred Hitchcock preferred blondes in his films. Grace Kelly, Kim Novak, Ingrid Bergman, Tippi Hedren, Eva Marie Saint, and Janet Leigh have all stared in Hitchcock films. Hitchcock has said “blondes made the best victims” for his particular brand of suspense and preferred their “indirect” sex appeal.
There is a London band named after the expression Hitchcock Blonde which is led by the explosive Ella Grace who is ironically a brunette. Their music is a mix of punk and indie rock.
In 1980, Hitchcock was made Sir Alfred. When asked why it the Queen took so long in doing so Hitchcock responded “I suppose it was a matter of carelessness”.
Characters being falsely accused, and harshly punished was a constant in Hitchcock films. This is believed to have stemmed from Alfred’s father who sent Alfred, as a young boy, to a police station with a note stating to lock him up for a few minutes for something bad he did at home.
Although Hitchcock made the transition from film to television smoothly. Alfred Hitchcock Presents was named one of The Hundred Best Television Shows of All Time by Time Magazine, but Alfred was not a fan of television. Hitchcock once said “television is like a toaster, you push the button and the same thing pops up every time”.
Alfred Hitchcock was nominated five times for the Best Director Oscar, but never won.
Hitchcock has a cameo appearance in almost all of his films.
Salvador Dali designed the dream sequence for the film Spellbound. Dali called Hitchcock “The Chevalier of Death”.
Alfred Hitchcock Mystery Magazine was founded in 1956 and is still published today. The stories that were published in the magazine were sometimes adapted by the producers of Alfred Hitchcock Presents.
Friends of Alfred have said that he loved to pull practical jokes on people he felt were boorish or pompous. Alfred loved using a whoopee cushion at parties especially if the room was crowded. Alfred handcuffed Robert Donat and Madeline Carroll together while they filmed a scene for over two hours, then claimed he lost the key.
Alfred was afraid of the films he created, he couldn’t bring himself to watch his own movies.
Hitchcock believed the poor box office results of Vertigo were because of Jimmy Stewart’s acting performance. Hitchcock purposely delayed the production of North by Northwest so Stewart would take on another project and Alfred could cast Cary Grant in the leading role.
Hitchcock hired a music composer for The Birds who didn’t write any of the music for the film. Instead he made sound effects which made the film scarier.
Psycho was actually based on a book that was given to Alfred by his production assistant Peggy Robertson. Robertson was instructed to purchased every copy of the book she could find including books from suppliers. Hitchcock was trying to prevent the audience from learning the ending of the story before his movie was released.
What are some of your favorite works from Alfred Hitchcock? Share in the comments section below.
Click HERE to read the article I wrote about The Alfred Hitchcock Hour.
Click HERE to read the article I wrote about Alfred Hitchcock Presents.
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NJCAA Region 8 Basketball Notebook: November 19
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (November 19, 2019) – The Florida College System Activities Association (FCSAA) has released its NJCAA Region 8 Men’s and Women’s Basketball Coaches’ Polls for November 18 and Player of the Week selections for games played through November 4-10.
The next poll and player of the week selections will be released November 26.
Chipola (1)
Palm Beach State
Also receiving votes: State College of Florida 22, Santa Fe 4, Broward 2.
Also receiving votes: Central Florida 7, Hillsborough 2.
D’Moi Hodge, State College of Florida
Tortola, B.V.I.
Averaged 33.0 points, 5.5 rebounds, 5.5 assists, 2.5 steals and 3.0 blocks in two games during the voting period
Led the Manatees to Region 8 wins over Central Florida and Santa Fe
In the Santa Fe win, he scored 44 points on 15-of-27 shooting, hit nine threes, and also had five rebounds, three assists, four steals and two blocks
Other nominees: Keon Ellis, Florida SouthWestern; DeAndre Pinckney, Broward
Daliyah Brown, Miami Dade
Chicago, Ill.
Averaged 24.5 points, 8.5 rebounds, 9.8 assists and 1.5 steals in four games during the voting period
Shot 36.9 percent (31-of-84) from the field and 73.3 percent (33-of-45) from the free throw line
Led Miami Dade to four wins vs. Region 8 competition
Posted three double-doubles, one of which was a 40-point triple-double (40 points, 13 rebounds, 10 assists) vs. Florida State College at Jacksonville
Other nominees: Polina Nikulochkina, Tallahassee; ZaNautica Downs, Florida SouthWestern; Joseline Ramos, Florida State College at Jacksonville; Laura Taylor, Northwest Florida State; Nazlah Morrow, Miami Dade; Larissa Abreu, Miami Dade
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Bridge Bio to submit IND application for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment
PUBLISHED :August 23, 2018 - 13:49
UPDATED :August 23, 2018 - 14:22
[THE INVESTOR] Bridge Biotherapeutics, a clinical stage biotech company, said on Aug. 23 it will seek approval from the US Food and Drug Administration to begin human clinical trials of BBT-877, its drug candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment by the year-end, encouraged by the positive results of its preclinical study.
The company said BBT-877 demonstrated the “best-in-class” potential with strong efficacy in the bleomycin-induced mouse model in comparison with competing compounds.
“The study indicates that BBT-877 has effectively reduced lung fibrosis as presented by reduction of Ashcroft scores and the deposition of collagen, compared to the other drugs,” the firm said in a statement.
Bridge Biotherapeutics presented the results of BBT-877 preclinical study at the poster session of the IPF Summit 2018, held in San Francisco, California, on Aug. 20.
The drug candidate was discovered by LegoChem Biosciences, which was licensed to Bridge Biotherapeutics for worldwide exclusive rights for further development in 2017.
The biotech said it plans to submit a US investigational new drug application for BBT-877 by the year-end.
‘It was a great opportunity for Bridge Biotherapeutics to present the outstanding preclinical study results on BBT-877 at the IPF Summit 2018. Bridge Biotherapeutics aims to develop BBT-877 as the best-in-class drug for IPF as fast as possible to bring this investigational compound to patients as a new treatment option.” said James Lee, CEO of Bridge Biotherapeutics.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease of unknown origin with limited treatment options. The global market for the disease generated US$1.62 billion in 2016 and is projected to reach US$3.57 billion by 2023, according to Research and Markets.
By Park Han-na (hnpark@heraldcorp.com)
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2020 MOGSouth Fall Meet – Mississippi Delta (Oct 30-31)
Cynthia and I [Cynthia and Joe Speetjens] will be hosting the MOGSouth meet on Halloween weekend this fall, and we decided a blues-themed event was the way to go. After all, Mississippi is the home of the blues!
It’s our plan to make the most of a week-end that will include an evening of incredible blues music at Ground Zero, the #3 jazz/blues venue in the United States (after Preservation Hall in New Orleans and Café Carlyle in New York), the only Grammy Museum outside of Los Angeles, and the remarkable B.B. King Museum in B.B.’s hometown, Indianola.
Please note that we’re just getting started with the plans, and in this day and time, who knows what we’ll be able to do, if anything, in October. But, if we’re all free to travel, we think everybody will have a great time.
We’ve done some reconnaissance work recently, and our plans are shaping up really well, so we thought we would share with ya’ll where we are so far. Let me emphasize ‘so far.’ I think we’re all aware that everything can change in a minute these days. The plans are still very tentative, but here’s what we have in mind:
Friday October 30, 2020 Arrival
At this point in time the Fall Meet will be Headquartered in Clarksdale, Mississippi.
Clarksdale, Mississippi is in the heart of the Mississippi Delta. It’s about an hour southwest of Memphis, and about two and a half hours north of Jackson. The end of the cotton era left Clarksdale without much industry except the blues, and so it became a world-renown blues venue. The Juke Joint Festival in Clarksdale every spring brings in thousands of blues fans from all over the world, not to mention some true music legends just hanging out in the audience.
Accommodations in Clarksdale are “unique.” There are two locations we think everyone would enjoy, and they are walking distance apart, maybe a quarter mile at most.
The first is actually Ground Zero itself. There are about 8 rooms that can be rented above the club, and all of them are very large. Several of them have two bedrooms if that works for anyone. The largest one is the Morgan Freeman room, and we plan to stage the hospitality room there. (Morgan Freeman is one of the owners of Ground Zero; he just shows up now and then, but no way to tell.) All the rooms have high ceilings and hardwood floors. Each room also has a kitchenette, so entertaining is presumed. It’s not the Hampton Inn experience, for sure.
The second venue is The Travelers Hotel, a truly interesting, relatively new boutique hotel in a building that originally housed the railroad workers when they stopped for the night at Clarksdale.
Both Ground Zero and The Travelers Hotel have great websites, so I encourage you to take a look.
We don’t have much reliable information on the rates yet, since nobody was home in Clarksdale or anywhere else yesterday when we drove up, but we’ll get that to you soon.
Friday Evening, October 30, 2020
If you haven’t experienced the joy of a great blues club, Ground Zero is a bucket-list must. It’s bar club food – good burgers and other sandwiches, so you can eat there or on your own elsewhere in Clarksdale. My advice would be to get to Ground Zero, get a good seat, and order a burger and a drink. You’ll see and hear the greatest blues musicians that Mississippi and the south in general have to offer, and, let’s face it, in the blues world, we have the best.
When you’ve had all the blues you want, it’s a very short walk back to The Travelers, and even shorter if you’re just going upstairs over the club.
(The music stops at midnight – I imagine that’s something to consider.) We can’t identify the entertainment for Friday night yet; we’ll let you know as soon as we can.)
There are several breakfast spots within walking distance that you will enjoy, or it’s a 5- minute drive to Grandma’s Pancake House, a beloved local haunt. But, plan to be on the road by 9:00 a.m., because the schedule takes us down Highway 61, the road where Robert Johnson sold his soul to the devil and Bob Dylan revisited, to Indianola, Mississippi, home of Riley B. (“B.B.”) King.
It’s about 60 miles to Indianola from Clarksdale, and you’ll get the feel of the Delta on the drive. It’s flat as a plate for as far as the eyes can see – just like you thought it would be.
Then we will stop at the B.B. King Museum.
It’s an excellent museum, and you’ll want to spend maybe an hour and half there.
We are working on arrangements to have lunch served in the museum itself. Maybe, just maybe, we’ll have our own blues man play for us during the lunch hour, but we’re not at all sure about that yet.
After lunch, we’ll be heading back up Highway 61 to Cleveland, Mississippi, home of the Grammy Museum. Cleveland is also the home of Delta State University. Delta State has always taken advantage of the blues culture, and its music department is renown. Mississippi played its blues card right, and Cleveland came up first in the competition for a second Grammy museum in America. You’ll love it.
After that, we’ll head back to Clarksdale. On the way, there are two tiny little towns, Merigold and Mound Bayou, that have become famous for their unique pottery. McCarty Pottery in Merigold was opened by Lee and Pup McCarty in the 1950’s, and they created a style of pottery all their own that truly took off. After they died, the new owners maintained that business, but the McCarty’s long-time employee, Peter (last-name-unknown) started his own place about 5 miles up the road. His wares are just as wonderful, but a little bit different.
Both businesses ship all over the world, so if you have any interest in that, it’s a 5-minute detour off of Highway 61 to visit either of them.
Assuming that we had left Indianola around 1:00 after lunch, toured the Grammy Museum and took a little time to look at pottery, our arrival time at Clarksdale should be about 5:00, and everyone can retire to the Morgan Freeman room for a drink, or just take a little breather before dinner.
Saturday Evening, October 31, 2020
The ‘banquet’ Saturday night will be a barbecue buffet at Hooker’s, located directly next door to The Travelers Hotel.
Hookers has great food, and it’s known for their t-shirts that bear quotes from Mississippi authors. (“In order to understand the world, you must first understand Mississippi” – Faulkner; or “I think some of us are disturbed” – Tennessee Williams.)
After dinner, if you still have the energy and the spirit, you can put on your Halloween costume and head back to Ground Zero to hear bluesman Stan Street at the Halloween party, or just check out several other great blues clubs in about a 5-block area.
Many of you may want to head back home, but if you’re not ready to give up the Mississippi experience, you can follow us heading east on Highway 6 to Oxford, home of Ole Miss, for about 60 miles. Oxford is a beautiful place, and those who enjoy Mississippi writers may want to check out William Faulkner’s home. Square Books in Oxford is, no question, the best independent bookstore in America, bar none. There are many, many really interesting places to have lunch in Oxford, too.
And, if you’re still in the mood, Tupelo is only about an hour east of Oxford. You really shouldn’t go to Mississippi and not see Elvis Presley’s birthplace. The Elvis Presley museum in Tupelo is a great experience as well, and as a side note, you will want to see several truly wonderful bronze sculptures of Elvis on the museum property created by my cousin, Michiel Von der Sommen, originally from the Netherlands but now living in North Carolina, who was commissioned to create them.
Or, some of you may want to head up to Memphis either before or after the Oxford / Tupelo side-trips, and if you do, it goes without saying that Graceland is a must.
We will arrange for security for the cars in a lot directly across the street from the Travelers Hotel. It is very well-lit anyway, and almost every room in the hotel overlooks the parking lot. We’ll make sure that the security of your Morgan won’t be an issue.
We really think this will be a truly enjoyable event; just to get you in the mood, Cynthia has compiled a playlist of a number of her blues favorites that you can play while you’re stuck in the house. [Note: to listen to the play list, requires a Spotify account. You can sign up for free if you wish. ]
Here’s the link: Cynthia’s Blues Play List
So, in the immortal words of Muddy Waters, ‘get your mojo working,’ and plan on being with us for Halloween, 2020!
[Details will be forthcoming as the logistics gets worked. There are lots of moving pieces, not to mention the virus restrictions. Just getting folks to answer the phone is almost impossible. They just aren’t there yet, but when the clouds part and the sun comes out, things will get nailed down and rest assured we will post them for you. See you in Mississippi!! Cheers, Mark]
Mark Braunstein Posted in 2020 MOGSouth Fall Meet – Mississippi Delta (Oct 2020) - CANCELLED 4 Comments
Looking for good news? Us too – thank goodness for Morgan’s ambitious design boss…
Morgan in 2020 | Reasons to be cheerful
By Sam Sheehan / April 9, 2020 /www.pistonheads
Morgan is probably one of very few British companies that still has a spring in its step during lockdown. The Malvern firm’s first big international launch for the Plus Four has had to be postponed due to the disruption of the pandemic, but you sense the work done just before it temporarily shut up shop was enough to get over the hill, one it had been climbing since the first digital drawings of its ground-breaking CX platform were produced more than four years ago. Along with the Plus Six, the already-popular Plus Four has put Morgan on a totally new path, one that head of design Jon Wells thinks will enable his team to make some pretty bold moves with subsequent products – both aesthetically and technically.
“It’s no secret that we’ve a space at the top of our line-up for an Aero successor,” Wells, a member of the Morgan Cars family for twelve years, tells PH. “Its successor is being worked on and, without giving too much away, we’re prepared to go further than we’ve done before thanks to the flexibility of the CX platform. There’s no monocoque so we’re certainly not tied to one look, we’ve shown with the Plus Four how different the platform can become, and with the BMW engine partnership, we’ve a great supply of powertrains to choose from.”
How does a turbocharged 4.4-litre V8 two-seater to succeed the AeroMax sound? From the tone of his voice on the phone, it seems Wells is on board with the suggestion, but he refrains from getting into the future halo model’s specifics. Right now “it’s about the Plus Four”, he says. Instead, he leaves the door wide open, stating that the “CX platform had flexibility designed into it from the start, so we could use a higher specification of BMW’s modular engines [including the Plus Six’s 3.0-litre B58] or even go down the alternative fuel route. That’s certainly something we know about thanks to the hydrogen fuel cell LIFEcar and EV3 project from a few years back”.
Ah yes, electric. Something not even a brand as firmly tied to tradition as Morgan has been able to avoid. Not that it’s ever wanted to, as the EV3 showed the firm has plenty of ideas when it comes to zero-emission motoring. He says the shelved 2016 model continues to have an impact to this day, with the response to its reveal demonstrating “that people want to see Morgan doing new things for the future”, while “keeping to [its] heritage and remaining a genuine, authentic coach-built car”. The company trained its dealer network to work on EVs so it’s ready to hit the ground running. And, handily for Wells, the packaging freedom offered by an electric car is self evident.
“But when it comes to EVs, we’re making an electric Morgan, not making a Morgan electric,” he affirms. “And there are things that I’d like to retain even the most forward-thinking designs; like the driver will always sit just behind the car’s centre line, behind an A-pillar on the centre and with a dramatic view down the bonnet. That proportion probably stays but beyond that we’re free to play with the Morgan philosophy, so you can expect something to illustrate that it has performance, but without looking too aggressive. How do you maintain the Morgan identity without an intake? We’re thinking about that, with functional design as priority.”
Wells refers to the EV3’s brass fins, there to keep the batteries cool, as an example of EV functionality that’s aesthetically-pleasing and “adds to the car’s story”. He admits that round headlights are likely to remain a staple feature of the Morgan face no matter the powerplant behind them, although new LED technology does allow for variations of the inner details.
The same goes for the wood that mounts to the CX structure, which Wells expects to remain across the board due to the production freedoms it enables, like “actually changing the shape of the car without affecting the platform beneath”. That’s not to say that Morgan wouldn’t consider other things; Wells points to the EV3’s use of sustainably-sourced carbon as evidence of the changes that could be brought about when relevant. But the company needn’t forget about the technical merits of its unique wood-framed engineering.
It does, however, need to consider the potential wider-reaches of its CX platform cars. With improvements to NVH and refinement provided by the aluminium, CAD structure (so no more “pencil and pad sketches”), Wells isn’t the only one expecting the firm’s present customer base – typically men aged between 45 and 60 – to expand. Retro style is at the height of fashion, after all, and Wells is fully aware of a growing hunger for film cameras and vintage clothes, a trend Morgan is well placed to take advantage of. It seems to be going well, despite the impacts of coronavirus; Morgan received record levels of online exposure with the Plus Four, a car the company reckons could become a driver’s favourite thanks to its manual gearbox and one-tonne kerbweight.
“We’re also at a stage now where we can consider future technological and safety regulations before they’re implemented, rather than always reacting as we used to before CX,” Wells says. “We think about pedestrian impacts, which require clear space between the car’s front and engine, and how to place cameras for driver assistance tech, which normally spoils the A-pillar’s lines. And we’ve already proven that we can effectively cool a hot turbocharged engine in what’s a very tight package, while showing that we can make modern wishbone suspension work with a bespoke wire-wheel design. Our pot of technology available for future cars is really very large.”
2020 might not go down in history as a particularly favourable year, but as far as Morgan’s story is concerned, it’s looking like a turning point. Wells says the Plus Four’s enquiry list exceeded expectation, suggesting that once things return to normal, the brand will expect to hit the ground running. Using his enthusiasm as a guide, it’s what’s to come after that which will really get the marque into its 21st century stride. For now, Morgan’s design boss is “itching to get back out on the road for a drive.” We couldn’t agree more.
Mark Braunstein Posted in Miscellaneous News 1 Comment
The Morgan Plus 4 Is Luxury by Subtraction
By Bob Sorokanich, April 6, 2020, https://www.roadandtrack.com/ Photos by Tony Harmer
On a stunning road trip to the Gamble House, we rediscover the joy of doing things the old way.
The gamble house is the greatest surviving example of American Arts and Crafts-style architecture, and it was saved by an offhand comment. Completed in 1909, the peak of that building style in Southern California, the house was considered passé by the mid-1940s. The owners wanted to sell the place until someone suggested painting all the woodwork white, “so it won’t be so dark in here.” Instead, they took the house off the market, kept it in the family, and in 1966, gifted it to the city of Pasadena. The residence is now a historic landmark, preserved and maintained by the University of Southern California School of Architecture.
Decades later, we’re in an Arts and Crafts resurgence. The forgotten style is now sought after in antique furniture and original buildings. “It’s lasted more than twice as long in its rediscovery as it did in the first place,” Robert Siminger, a docent at the Gamble House, told me.
The Morgan Plus 4 I parked in the driveway shares something with the residence. Each is of a kind, created to remind us of the joy in simplicity. Introduced in 1950, the Plus 4 was discontinued, revived, canceled, and, in 2005, reintroduced again. Built by a small, family-founded firm in England, the car has been in production as a throwback for longer than it existed as a contemporary design. And now, for the first time in years, you can buy one in the United States, brand-new. A few days before our long weekend with the Plus 4, I showed my girlfriend Natalie a picture of the car, all pouncing fenders and pert headlights. Gumballs on the doors, no bumpers. The perfect air of an old race car, despite the fact that the car is neither a race car nor technically old.
“It’s going to ride terribly,” I warned her. “If it rains, we’re screwed. If it gets cold, we’re screwed. There’s no trunk. The body is made mostly of hope, and it’s all comically unsafe.”
Natalie eyed the Plus 4 the way she looks at Christian Bale. I might as well have been warning her about sunburn while booking tickets for Waikiki. “We’ll be fine,” she scoffed.
We picked the car up at Morgan West, a dealership in Santa Monica, and spent the rest of the day roaming Southern California. Los Angeles is car-blind. Monotonously good weather and an obsession with image make six-figure supercars as common as mailboxes. You go wailing down Sepulveda Boulevard in some carbon-fiber drop-top, nobody bothers to look up from their phone. Not so with the Plus 4. Not since 1968 has the model been an official U.S. import, but it now crosses our border as a “component car,” with a drivetrain in a separate crate and installed upon delivery. Other similarly shaped Morgans (the Plus 8, the 4/4) came to the U.S. in small quantities in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, but any car from the marque’s small village of Malvern is a rare sight in the States.
So people stop and gawk. They snap photos and shout questions. The Plus 4 doesn’t project wealth or power. It’s approachable, and it extends that grace to anyone sitting inside. Nobody could be scowly or standoffish in a car with such a wide-eyed, pleasant face.
Or such a small footprint. Photos don’t do justice to the car’s scale. Those sweeping fenders are based on a design Morgan first put into production in the Thirties. They evoke huge, stately coupes á la Cruella De Vil, but the Plus 4 is nine inches shorter and more than a foot narrower than today’s Miata. You sit in the thing like a kayaker, bodywork barely reaching your elbow, looking like you’ve wrapped the hood around outstretched legs. And you drive it with your heels together. The steering wheel and windshield are both about a foot closer than in modern cars, coaxing you into the bent-elbow driving position of prewar racing heroes. The seat snuggles up to the rear axle, inches behind your spine and way behind the car’s longitudinal center. You turn the wheel and watch that long, tapered nose swing into the corner as if you were sitting in the back of a bus.
The ride is… taxing. Morgan founder Henry Frederick Stanley Morgan designed his signature sliding-pillar front suspension back in 1909, and the company has since seen little reason to mess with it. Our car, on sport springs, informed us of every dip, sway, and imperfection in the road. On certain stretches of freeway, the Morgan picked up a strong front-to-back seesaw motion. You nod along helplessly, looking like you’re vigorously jamming out to the eighth notes of a hot jazz number.
Bless all of it in its glorious imperfection. It is impossible to drive a Morgan distracted. The manual steering tells you how much weight is on the front axle down to the pound. The firm brake pedal will lock up all four tires on a panic stop. The exhaust thrums like the getaway car in a black-and-white movie. The drivetrain is deeply plebian—2.0-liter, direct-injected, Ford four-cylinder, and a five-speed manual borrowed from an early Miata, 180 horsepower to the leaf-sprung solid rear axle—but sitting down there, low enough to palm the pavement, wind trying to steal your sunglasses, it’s all exhilarating. And unmistakably a product of the nation that birthed Luddites, that launched the Arts and Crafts movement. A sense of keeping the old ways alive with ancient dedication. Writing about the history of the movement in 2002, British architecture historian Alan Crawford said, “Unlike their counterparts in the United States, most Arts and Crafts practitioners in Britain had strong, slightly incoherent, negative feelings about machinery.”
No wonder no other nation produces brand-new cars with structural components made from wood.
In an essay explaining Arts and Crafts at its beginning, the English artist Walter Crane in 1893 described “a protest against the turning of men into machines.” The movement began in Scotland, at the end of the 19th century, as people left their farms and villages to live in cities and work in factories. The labor was often dangerous and always dull, and the products felt cheap and artificial, designed for profitability over functional utility or enjoyment. “The concern that the Arts and Crafts movement was trying to address was that people were becoming ‘alienated from their work,’” Jennifer Trotoux, interim director and curator at the Gamble House, says. “If you were doing just one repetitive thing all day long, you didn’t see the big picture of what you were creating. That was considered an unhealthy mode of work.”
“The whole point of the movement was to go back to a simpler life,” Siminger says. “The house itself was as much a part of the art as the objects within the house.”
Every visible surface of the Gamble House has thus been shaped and styled by human hands. Huge timbers span the structure, traversing every upstairs room and making the home feel like an upturned wooden ship. The details draw your eye closer until you’re fully consumed by items you wouldn’t give a passing glance anywhere else—the metal straps cinching two joists, the joinery of a picture frame, the way every corner of every brick in a fireplace has been hand-filed to make it friendlier, more approachable. There are no finish nails covered by putty, no joints painted over. Artisans capped every fastener with a contrasting piece of wood. “The house is telling you about itself: ‘This is how I’m held together. This is what I’m made of,’” Trotoux says.
An entire generation of California bungalows have Arts and Crafts touches, but Gamble House luxuriates in the style. Architect brothers Charles and Henry Greene had an unlimited budget to create both the structure and nearly everything inside it. They finished each room in its own exotic wood—mahogany, teak, cedar, fir—with intricate custom furniture to match, all chosen to evoke a particular mood. Aunt Julia’s bedroom, upstairs in the southwest corner, is warm and hushed. The flooring and furniture are made of blond ash—the same flexible, resilient stock found in the Morgan’s wooden framework.
Gamble House cost around $50,000 to build in 1908—roughly $1.4 million in 2019. To recreate it now would take far more. Old-growth exotic woods in these sizes and quantities are basically impossible to come by. Even at the turn of the last century, amassing such a timber collection was virtually unheard of.
And that gets us to an irony. Maybe you recognize the Gamble name—as in Procter & Gamble, the giant industrial manufacturer founded in Cincinnati in 1837, still one of the world’s largest corporations. Ivory soap, and a contract to supply it to the Union Army during the Civil War, made millionaires of P&G’s founders. David Berry Gamble, second-generation, commissioned the California house as a retirement retreat. An architectural movement launched as a rebuke against industrialization came to comfort a man whose name is synonymous with America’s industrial revolution.
There’s some symmetry here. The Morgan is far from our standard definition of luxury, but with no options, a Plus 4 will run you $70,000. Our test car, loaded, commands $90,000. Door check straps are optional. The Plus 4, like every modern Mog, is clearly meant for occasional use, a plaything for those wealthy enough to spend BMW M4 money on a car built like a shed, and tenacious enough to snag one of the 50 to 100 examples Morgan says it will ship to the U.S. annually.
The car has seen updates, concessions to modernity, but Malvern has been smart enough to keep most of them buried. It took us two days to discover the stereo, a detachable-faceplate head unit tucked under the dash and against the firewall. Reaching the volume knob is like grasping for your shoelace with your seatbelt on. No matter: Wind noise completely drowns out the speakers above 30 mph. And even in sunny Southern California, the car can seem underdressed for the weather. Erecting the mohair top requires two people and a week of steady practice. Still, with the roof closed, the side curtains jabbed into place, and heat blowing from the two swivel vents hidden in the footwells, the Plus 4 is delightfully cozy. The gauges give off the warm sans-serif glow of an old console radio. A cool breeze sneaks in at the rear edge of the door and whispers at your elbow.
Every good convertible feels like a secret, special place with the roof up—an intimate, slightly clandestine hideout for two people who enjoy each other’s company. The Morgan, its side windows rising only about as high as your nose, reminds you of the joy of being hidden from the world while traveling through it. Somewhere in the middle of the crossover explosion, we forgot that we don’t need acres of glass to operate a motor vehicle. We can simply duck to a low window to check in with the rest of society.
Twenty-first-century luxury yearns to disappear, smooth and seamless, and from a certain perspective, the idea is noble. It banishes ornery design, anticipating every desire. We like to think this frees us to put our minds to greater problems. But the result is domestic amnesia, when you walk into a room and don’t know why you’re there, or when you get to your destination and recall nothing about the drive. Worry behaves like a gas; it expands to fill the space we give it. Short of giving everyone a Gamble House to hide out in, psychologists should prescribe Morgans as therapy.
These are modern problems, of course. To have too much stuff, so cheap and ubiquitous as to be sickening. To be so catered to and comforted as to be anxious. It’s hard to acknowledge these ills without sounding like a spoiled child, surrounded by toys but still not having fun.
Somehow, the auto industry manages to embody both of these diverging traits, cranking out charmless, disposable cars that do most of the thinking for us. And here, we find our brethren. Gamble House docent Robert Siminger drives a wicked little Ford Model A hot rod to give tours of the residence. I chatted with a master carpenter in the driveway as he loaded tools into a small-window 1967 GMC pickup. Several Gamble House volunteers, when they’re not in Pasadena, donate time to the Petersen Automotive Museum, just a half hour away.
Nice to know there are folks like us out there, people who aren’t satisfied by cheap consumerism or cosseting luxury. Artisans keeping the old craftsman ways alive— at home and on the road.
Mark Braunstein Posted in Miscellaneous News 2 Comments
Morgan 100 Programme 4 (https://www.youtube.com/
[As promised. Enjoy, Mark]
Mark Braunstein Posted in Videos 2 Comments
Living with Mabel – Farewell, Saturday 14 March
[The Morgan Three Wheeler Club (MTWC), in the UK, has an interesting scheme whereas members who have too many cars, or for various other reasons, loan a Morgan out to other, and in some cases young(er), folks.
It is a bit of a win-win as the other folks get to experience life with a classic car that they might not be able to afford at the moment and the car owner gets the car looked after by knowledgeable club members (not necessarily those borrowing the car) and run routinely (we all know the importance of running the car every so often). The club (MTWC) also pays for the borrower’s car insurance.
It is an interesting idea and I have to believe a four wheeled Morgan would work just as well as a three wheeled car.
This little video was made by the borrowing couple as an omage to the car (Mabel) they borrowed for the last two years. The car has now gone on to someone else.
It would appear that the MTWC has two vehicles being loaned out at the moment. Enjoy, Mark ]
From the MTWC Web Site (edited a bit): Holly and subsequently Scott borrowed a 1934 Super Sports JAP through the Classic Car Loan Scheme over the last two years. Mabel presented a few minor trials and tribulations but more often provided great fun and became an integral part of the Davies/Cornish Family.
Last weekend, Lancs & Lakes Group members collected Mabel as Steve is to borrow the S/S for the next 12 months.
Scott’s words: Mabel unfortunately left us yesterday on the back of a trailer, leaving a big hole in our garage and newly formed classic car shaped hearts. Whilst we are a little sad of her departure, we also so grateful that we got this opportunity. Words cannot describe the totally surreal and privileged position of borrowing her for not one but two years. Thanks to all for making this happen!
Check out the smiles throughout.
Mark Braunstein Posted in Videos 1 Comment
Morgan100 Programme 3
I published Programmes 1 & 2 a few days ago. This is a third programme that has just been made available. These videos were made in early 2009 during Morgan’s Centenary celebrations. These were originally available to purchase, however this is the first time these programmes have been made available for free. Enjoy, Mark
Mark Braunstein Posted in Videos Leave a comment
Morgan100 Programmes 1 & 2
Many of you may have seen this a few years ago, as these were made in January to March 2009 during Morgan’s Centenary celebrations. These were originally available to purchase, however this is the first time these programmes have been made available for free.
There is a third programme that will not be available until Friday. I will watch for it and post it as soon as I can. Enjoy, Mark
MORGAN, LOTUS AND CATERHAM – THE BRITISH CONNECTION
BY CHRIS POLLITT April 12, 2020 (https://www.carandclassic.co.uk/)
Photography by Bruce Holder
The lead shot for this feature wasn’t easy to get. A close-knit tracking shot is only ever millimetres away from looking like a Hollywood car crash, so you have to have your wits about you. On this occasion, that was somewhat difficult. There was a Morgan ARP4 ahead of me, and ahead of that was the Land Rover Defender tracking car, from which our photographer, Bruce Holder, was dangling precariously.
To my right, almost close enough to touch, was a Caterham Seven, exhausts barking while Paul, the driver, jostled for the perfect position to satisfy Bruce’s eye. As for me, I was in the Lotus Evora. I’ve already put plenty of miles on an ARP4. Plus, my mop of hair would have ruined the shot had I been in the lead car sans roof. Besides, I didn’t mind driving the Lotus, especially having discovered the button that makes the exhaust system even louder.
So why was it so difficult? Quite simply, because it was one hell of a distraction. Yes, other motorists were left agog at the sight of us three bombing along while a man on a string tried to take pictures (special acknowledgement goes to the man who’s chin was quite literally on his dash as he drank in the spectacle), but so was I. It was a hell of a moment. Three cars (four if you include the Defender) that all show why us Brits are a force to be reckoned with when it comes to going fast. When it comes to sports cars, Britain is at the top of its game.
Yes, it’s been a turbulent journey, with many great names falling by the wayside over the decades. But even though many British sports car builders have gone, that doesn’t mean we’ve been left with the dregs – far from it in fact. What we have now are the purest cars, the machines that have survived and evolved with such commitment that they have escaped our nation’s involuntary automotive cull. Basically, we’ve got the best of the best. But even so, that begs the question; which one floats my boat? And what of the ones that don’t?
CATERHAM SEVEN
To work that out, we have to look at the other cars flanking the ARP4. First of all, we have the Caterham Seven. Small enough to park under your stairs but with enough punch to rip them from the foundations, it’s a little brute. Obviously its origins are intertwined with Lotus, given that the Caterham started as Lotus Seven built under licence, but that’s where the ties end. A modern Caterham does not try to win over a modern Lotus customer. It’s too wild, too bare, and
too barmy in fact. The Caterham Seven, in any guise, exists to appeal to those of us who put speed and excitement above all else. There are no compromises with this car. There is no boot, no creature comforts of any kind. It’s just man and machine working together; nothing more, nothing less.
Power-wise, the Seven is available with various outputs. In the case of the 310 we had our hands on, 152bhp was on tap from the 1.6-litre Sigma Ti-VCT engine, pushed through a five-speed transmission to the rear wheels. If that engine sounds familiar, that’s because it is. You’ll find it under the winged bonnet of a current Morgan 4/4. In the Malvern offering though, it’s a tame 110bhp unit that gently encourages the Morgan along. In the Caterham, it’s a different animal thanks to more power and a lot less weight. The Seven moves the scales to 540kg, which is about the same as the weekly ‘big shop’.
Drive the Seven and you need to adjust. Not only is your face contorted in ways you didn’t think possible by the rushing air, your body is also shocked. This thing is wild, untamed almost. It has no godly right to be as shouty, as outright fast and ultimately, as raw as it is. It feels unfinished, but not in a negligent sense. It just feels like it’s not a full car, it’s so light and basic. Given its tiny weight and silly power combination, you’d assume that the Seven has no grip. To do so would be to assume incorrectly. The De Dion semi-independent rear can put the power down without worry, while the front double-wishbone set-up ensures that the direct and mechanical steering points the car exactly where you want it.
Disc brakes all round with no end of bite make sure you don’t end up in a tree. Driving a Morgan is an occasion, it’s an event. That’s why we love them. The Seven? It’s a swift kick to the senses. We love it, but for some, it may be a bit much. You can’t drive a Caterham in a civilised
manner. It’s the devil on your shoulder, the terrier tugging at its lead; it wants to go wild at all times. We applaud it for that but at the same time, we’re not sure we could live with it. It’s a car to be enjoyed when the mood takes you, not to be suffered when it doesn’t.
At the other end of the scale is the Lotus Evora. Full-bodied, it feels wider than it has any right to. But out of the three cars here, it also feels the most conventional and ‘car like’. Sitting in this thing, it’s obvious that the Evora is the kind of car that can swallow the miles while still rewarding the driver when he or she wants to push the pedal into the carpet. And rewarded you are. The Evora we have here is a 410, which as the name suggests, has 410bhp.
The Evora is an enigmatic beast. I won’t lie, I’ve never driven one before this and when I did, I was astonished by how quiet and civilised it was. You really could use an Evora every day, providing of course you’re limber enough to clamber into it on a regular basis. It doesn’t feel fragile or delicate; it felt tough and well engineered. It’s clear that Lotus has upped its game considerably over the years. But with a price tag around £80,000, so it damn well should.
Powered by a 3.5 litre 24-valve V6 complete with an Edelbrock supercharger, there’s no doubt that this is a powerful car. But even so, it drives around with ease and without drama. You can quickly change that. A button on the dash allows you to make the exhaust louder, which is good for a giggle. If you want more, the Sport and Race buttons focus the Evora even more. The most remarkable transformation, however, simply comes via pressure on the accelerator. Give it a stab, hold it in gear and the Evora comes alive. The bark from the engine is incredible and with it, addictive. The suspension is firm but remarkably forgiving. The gear-change is mechanical and direct.
To drive an Evora fast is to be a part of the experience, not just a passenger. Back off though, and it’s just a car – albeit one with terrible rear visibility. We liked it – a lot. You get out of an Evora what you put into it. You’re in control, and that’s nice. But at the same time, we can’t help but feel it lacks a little soul. The switch between its ‘moods’ is so vast that it’s hard to bond with. It’s one thing or the other, but without any real emotion.
MORGAN ARP4
Finally, we have the ARP4. Even with its 225bhp Cosworth 2.0-litre Ford engine and modern, opinion-splitting LED headlights, it’s still far more anachronistic than the Lotus and even the Caterham. It looks classic despite being new. The lines of a Morgan are from the past, and it’s proud of it. It’s charming and enigmatic just from an aesthetic standpoint. As for the drive, yes, it’s firm and somewhat unforgiving on the more poorly-maintained surfaces but even so, you know where you are with it.
The Caterham is wild and angry at any pace. The Evora? It has the potential to be many things, but it needs you to choose via the onboard nodes. The ARP4 is a mix of all that. The engine has charm and character, whether you’re going 30 or 130mph. The only difference being that it shouts a bit louder at the latter.
It’s a balanced car, by which I mean it has no shifting personality. It takes very little time to bond with any Morgan and the ARP4 is no exception. It wants you to like it from the off and when you push it, it rewards you. You don’t need to be The Stig to get the most of it, but if you are, you’ll be rewarded appropriately.
Price-wise, the ARP4 we had here can be yours for £60,000, which when put alongside the Caterham’s £30k and the Evora’s £80k, plonks it firmly in the middle. But it’s not a middling car. I’m not saying this with Morgan’s crosshairs aimed firmly at my temple, I’m saying it because I mean it: I would definitely have the Morgan. It’s a car for when the mood takes you, granted. I am certain that time spent behind the wheel purely out of necessity would mar the experience. But in a way, that thought is moot, as you would never buy such a car for ‘necessity’. You’d buy it for fun. And that’s why the ARP4 shines. It’s pure fun. You just jump in it and go. The Evora is great, but it’s too muted. The Caterham, for me at least, leans too much into compromises. It’s too raw, too full-on. It’s a machine you have to drive at 110%, and that would be exhausting.
For me, the ARP4 is a happy mix of the two, but with infinitely more charm, and charm is something I like in a car. The other two have their merits, of course. I love that as a country, we have cars like these. I loved the Lotus a lot. Its bark was infectious and had I been given more time with it, I’m sure my love would have grown. But even so, I know I would have been the one to provoke and create a reason for that love by driving it hard all the time.
As for the Caterham, I love its unabashed madness, but you’d get sick of it quickly. As I said earlier, it’s a lot. It’s in your face at all times. But don’t get me wrong, I love that we, as great Britain, have these cars on our books. I love that all three are steeped in heritage and I was staggered by how far Lotus has come as a car-maker. But even so, the allure of the Morgan shone through for me. But that’s just me. You may choose a different fighter, and if you do, I’m confident that, as long as you buy it for the right reasons, you will be very happy indeed.
With thanks to Williams Automobiles in Chipping Sodbury, Bristol, who supplied all three cars for this shoot.
2014 Roadster For Sale – $70K
Beautiful Car!! Low Mileage (Only 20K), SC Title (“1965”)
Car located in Beaufort, S. C.
Purchased from Dennis Glavis of Morgan West, Upgraded 3.7L Ford V6, Performance Exhaust, Power Steering, 6 speed manual transmission.
Austin Martin Racing Green
Rust leather, green side screens, top, cover, tonneau
Bluetooth radio
Rare glass wind deflectors
Michelin Primacy tires on s.s. wires
Moto Lita wooden steering wheel
Featured in Robb’s Report Magazine, Car on YouTube ‘Roadster 65’
Contact Don Smith @ 843-505-1347 or via email donaldnnancy@gmail.com
Mark Braunstein Posted in Wants & Sells 5 Comments
Understanding Spark Plug Heat Range
(https://www.enginebuildermag.com/)
[I know many of us have tunnel vision when it comes to modifying the Morgan. “Originality is a must! Modification is simply heresy . . .“
Ok, I get it, but I will have to say that in my opinion, one of the wonders of the Morgan car is the ability to modify it with relative ease. Sometimes, we find a need to improve something in the interest of safety. Sometimes, it is just a wild hare that gets us going. I have a few Morgan cars and have to say all of them have been modified in some way. Some are performance modifications while some are simply cosmetic.
In the midst of one of my efforts, the topic of Spark Plug heat range came up. As usually, I found a void in my understanding. So after a little searching, I found this article. It seems simple and direct so I thought I would share. Cheers, Mark]
Depending on the engine modifications you’ve made, you’ll need to take a few extra factors into consideration before settling on the right spark plugs.
These factors include spark plug seat design, thread length and diameter, and reach. One of the most important – and most misunderstood – factors in choosing aftermarket spark plugs is the heat range.
What is Heat Range?
Heat range is the speed at which a spark plug can transfer heat from the firing tip to the cylinder head water jacket and into the cooling system. Choosing the right heat range is crucial for high performance engines. If the heat range is too cold, the spark plug will be unable to properly self-clean by burning off carbon deposits.
If it the heat range is too hot, your engine could experience detonation, pre-ignition, or power loss. Most spark plug manufacturers recommend that the tip temperature remain between 500° C and 850° C.
Heat ranges are designated by each spark plug manufacturer with a number. In broad terms, spark plugs are often referred to as “hot plugs” or “cold plugs.” A cold plug has a shorter insulator nose length – the distance from tip to spark plug shell – and transfers heat rapidly from its firing tip to the cylinder head water jacket.
Cold plugs are ideal for high rpm engines, forced induction applications, and other instances where the engine produces high operating temperatures. Conversely, hot plugs are good for applications that operate mainly at low rpms. Because they have a longer insulator nose length, heat is transferred from the firing tip to the cooling system at slower pace. This keeps the spark plug temperature high, which allows the plug to self-clean and prevent fouling.
Unfortunately, heat range numbers are not universal – each brand has its own method for assigning heat ranges. You’ll need to talk with your sales rep or consult with the manufacturer to find the best heat range for your application and spark plug brand. Be prepared to supply some basic vehicle information, including any modifications you’ve made.
[The internet is a great source for a given vendor’s spark plug offerings and some provide the relative heat range information. ]
As a rule of thumb, you can expect to require one heat range colder than the factory-supplied plugs for every 75 – 100 horsepower you’ve add with your modifications, according to Champion Spark Plugs. Here are some more basic guidelines to get you pointed in the right direction:
Basic Heat Range Guidelines
[Don’t be afraid to experiment a little. You can always revert to what you have now! Mark]
Increased compression ratio [Common with Morgans]: Higher compression ratios mean higher cylinder pressure and temperature. Once again, you’ll need a colder heat range to rapidly transfer all that extra heat to the cooling system.
Air/fuel mixture modifications [Common with Morgans]: Lean air/fuel mixtures raise the operating temperature, along with the plug tip temperature, possibly causing knock or pre-ignition. Use a colder heat range for leaner air/fuel mixtures. Rich air/fuel mixtures can cause the plug temperature to dip, allowing carbon deposits to build up on the tip. Use a hotter heat range for rich air/fuel mixtures.
Advanced ignition timing [Common with Morgans]: In general, advanced ignition timing will raise the spark plug temperature. In fact, NGK estimates an increase of 70° to 100° for every 10° advance in ignition timing. For this reason, you may need to go with a colder heat range to prevent knock or pre-ignition.
Prolonged acceleration/high speed driving [Common with Morgans]: Frequent and drawn-out acceleration and high-rpm driving raises combustion temperatures and generally requires a colder heat range.
Supercharging/turbocharging [Turbocharging is not unheard of with Morgans however Supercharging is not common]: Forced induction leads to increased cylinder pressure and temperature, which could lead to detonation. Depending on the exact application, you’ll need to go with a significantly colder heat range (faster heat transfer) over stock.
Nitrous oxide [Not common with Morgans]: The high cylinder temperatures caused by nitrous usually requires a colder heat range over the stock plug.
Methanol [Not common with Morgans]: Since it has a higher octane level than standard gasoline, methanol delivers more complete combustion. As a result, you’ll need a colder plug to transfer more heat from the combustion chamber.
Mark Braunstein Posted in Technical Articles & Tips 3 Comments
2020 GatorMOG Road Trip to MOGSouth Fall Meet – CANCELLED (2)
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By Nagaland Post | Publish Date: 4/12/2020 1:23:53 PM IST
Humans have been battling viruses since before our species had even evolved into its modern form. For some viral diseases, vaccines and antiviral drugs have allowed us to keep infections from spreading widely, and have helped sick people recover. For one disease — smallpox — we’ve been able to eradicate it, ridding the world of new cases.
But we’re a long way from winning the fight against viruses. In recent decades, several viruses have jumped from animals to humans and triggered sizable outbreaks, claiming thousands of lives. The viral strain that drove the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa kills up to 90% of the people it infects, making it the most lethal member of the Ebola family.
But there are other viruses out there that are equally deadly, and some that are even deadlier. Some viruses, including the novel coronavirus currently driving outbreaks around the globe, have lower fatality rates, but still pose a serious threat to public health as we don’t yet have the means to combat them.
Here are the 12 worst killers, based on the likelihood that a person will die if they are infected with one of them, the sheer numbers of people they have killed, and whether they represent a growing threat.
Scientists identified Marburg virus in 1967, when small outbreaks occurred among lab workers in Germany who were exposed to infected monkeys imported from Uganda. Marburg virus is similar to Ebola in that both can cause hemorrhagic fever, meaning that infected people develop high fevers and bleeding throughout the body that can lead to shock, organ failure and death.
The mortality rate in the first outbreak was 25%, but it was more than 80% in the 1998-2000 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as in the 2005 outbreak in Angola, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
The first known Ebola outbreaks in humans struck simultaneously in the Republic of the Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976. Ebola is spread through contact with blood or other body fluids, or tissue from infected people or animals. The known strains vary dramatically in their deadliness, Elke Muhlberger, an Ebola virus expert and associate professor of microbiology at Boston University, told Live Science.
One strain, Ebola Reston, doesn’t even make people sick. But for the Bundibugyo strain, the fatality rate is up to 50%, and it is up to 71% for the Sudan strain, according to WHO.
The outbreak underway in West Africa began in early 2014, and is the largest and most complex outbreak of the disease to date, according to WHO.
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same large family of viruses as SARS-CoV, known as coronaviruses, and was first identified in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus likely originated in bats, like SARS-CoV, and passed through an intermediate animal before infecting people.
Since its appearance, the virus has infected tens of thousands of people in China and thousands of others worldwide.
The ongoing outbreak prompted an extensive quarantine of Wuhan and nearby cities, restrictions on travel to and from affected countries and a worldwide effort to develop diagnostics, treatments and vaccines. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, called COVID-19, has an estimated mortality rate of about 2.3%. People who are older or have underlying health conditions seem to be most at risk of having severe disease or complications. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough and shortness of breath, and the disease can progress to pneumonia in severe cases.
In 1980, the World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox. But before that, humans battled smallpox for thousands of years, and the disease killed about 1 in 3 of those it infected. It left survivors with deep, permanent scars and, often, blindness.
Mortality rates were far higher in populations outside of Europe, where people had little contact with the virus before visitors brought it to their regions. For example, historians estimate 90% of the native population of the Americas died from smallpox introduced by European explorers. In the 20th century alone, smallpox killed 300 million people.
“It was something that had a huge burden on the planet, not just death but also blindness, and that’s what spurred the campaign to eradicate from the Earth,” Adalja said.
Rabies virus
Although rabies vaccines for pets, which were introduced in the 1920s, have helped make the disease exceedingly rare in the developed world, this condition remains a serious problem in India and parts of Africa.
“It destroys the brain, it’s a really, really bad disease,” Muhlberger said. “We have a vaccine against rabies, and we have antibodies that work against rabies, so if someone gets bitten by a rabid animal we can treat this person,” she said.
However, she said, “if you don’t get treatment, there’s a 100% possibility you will die.”
HIV virus
In the modern world, the deadliest virus of all may be HIV. “It is still the one that is the biggest killer,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease physician and spokesman for the Infectious Disease Society of America. An estimated 32 million people have died from HIV since the disease was first recognized in the early 1980s. “The infectious disease that takes the biggest toll on mankind right now is HIV,” Adalja said. Powerful antiviral drugs have made it possible for people to live for years with HIV. But the disease continues to devastate many low- and middle-income countries, where 95% of new HIV infections occur. Nearly 1 in every 25 adults within the WHO African region is HIV-positive, accounting for more than two-thirds of the people living with HIV worldwide.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) first gained wide attention in the U.S. in 1993, when a healthy, young Navajo man and his fiancée living in the Four Corners area of the United States died within days of developing shortness of breath. A few months later, health authorities isolated hantavirus from a deer mouse living in the home of one of the infected people. More than 600 people in the U.S. have now contracted HPS, and 36% have died from the disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The virus is not transmitted from one person to another, rather, people contract the disease from exposure to the droppings of infected mice.
Previously, a different hantavirus caused an outbreak in the early 1950s, during the Korean War, according to a 2010 paper in the journal Clinical Microbiology Reviews. More than 3,000 troops became infected, and about 12% of them died.
While the virus was new to Western medicine when it was discovered in the U.S., researchers realized later that Navajo medical traditions describe a similar illness, and linked the disease to mice.
Dengue virus first appeared in the 1950s in the Philippines and Thailand, and has since spread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Up to 40% of the world’s population now lives in areas where dengue is endemic, and the disease — with the mosquitoes that carry it — is likely to spread farther as the world warms.
Dengue sickens 50 to 100 million people a year, according to WHO. Although the mortality rate for dengue fever is lower than some other viruses, at 2.5%, the virus can cause an Ebola-like disease called dengue hemorrhagic fever, and that condition has a mortality rate of 20% if left untreated. “We really need to think more about dengue virus because it is a real threat to us,” Muhlberger said. A vaccine for Dengue was approved in 2019 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in children 9-16 years old living in an areas where dengue is common and with a confirmed history of virus infection, according to the CDC. In some countries, an approved vaccine is available for those 9-45 years old, but again, recipients must have contracted a confirmed case of dengue in the past. Those who have not caught the virus before could be put at risk of developing severe dengue if given the vaccine.
During a typical flu season, up to 500,000 people worldwide will die from the illness, according to WHO. But occasionally, when a new flu strain emerges, a pandemic results with a faster spread of disease and, often, higher mortality rates.
The most deadly flu pandemic, sometimes called the Spanish flu, began in 1918 and sickened up to 40% of the world’s population, killing an estimated 50 million people.
“I think that it is possible that something like the 1918 flu outbreak could occur again,” Muhlberger said. “If a new influenza strain found its way in the human population, and could be transmitted easily between humans, and caused severe illness, we would have a big problem.”
Two vaccines are now available to protect children from rotavirus, the leading cause of severe diarrheal illness among babies and young children. The virus can spread rapidly, through what researchers call the fecal-oral route (meaning that small particles of feces end up being consumed).
Although children in the developed world rarely die from rotavirus infection, the disease is a killer in the developing world, where rehydration treatments are not widely available.
The WHO estimates that worldwide, 453,000 children younger than age 5 died from rotavirus infection in 2008. But countries that have introduced the vaccine have reported sharp declines in rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths.
The virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, first appeared in 2002 in the Guangdong province of southern China, according to the WHO. The virus likely emerged in bats, initially, then hopped into nocturnal mammals called civets before finally infecting humans. After triggering an outbreak in China, SARS spread to 26 countries around the world, infecting more than 8000 people and killing more than 770 over the course of two years. The disease causes fever, chills and body aches, and often progresses to pneumonia, a severe condition in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with pus. SARS has an estimated mortality rate of 9.6%, and as of yet, has no approved treatment or vaccine. However, no new cases of SARS have been reported since the early 2000s, according to the CDC.
The virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS, sparked an outbreak in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and another in South Korea in 2015. The MERS virus belongs to the same family of viruses as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and likely originated in bats, as well. The disease infected camels before passing into humans and triggers fever, coughing and shortness of breath in infected people. MERS often progresses to severe pneumonia and has an estimated mortality rate between 30% and 40%, making it the most lethal of the known coronaviruses that jumped from animals to people. As with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, MERS has no approved treatments or vaccine.
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Home Baldwin County Bobcat baseball’s Sandlin takes Rawlings All-America honors
Bobcat baseball’s Sandlin takes Rawlings All-America honors
Tucker Sargent
GREENSBORO, N.C. (GC ATHLETICS) – With a power explosion that nearly doubled his career home run total, Georgia College baseball’s Jake Sandlin (Evans, Georgia) recently picked up the top honor of his career thus far, being named to the American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA)/Rawlings NCAA Division II All-America Third Team.
Sandlin finished the 2015 season with a .380 batting average, 14 home runs and 55 RBIs. He also scored 61 runs and stole 12 bases. The outfielder led the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) in triples (6), and finished second in total bases (155). Sandlin also finished fourth in hits (84) fourth in home runs and ninth in RBIs. He had 28 multi-hit games, adding 13 multi-RBI contests.
Sandlin brings in the 17th ABCA/Rawlings All-America honor in GC Baseball history, dating back to GC Hall of Famer Greg Winters in 1996. The most recent Bobcat All-American was catcher Steve Hazel in 2014, a second team selection. Sandlin also earned the seventh Rawlings All-America trophy for Georgia College’s outfield. During head coach Tom Carty’s eight seasons, he has now coached five Rawlings All-Americans.
The Bobcats had another amazing season in 2015, finishing 33-19 and winning the PBC Tournament title for the second time in the last three years. Sandlin, Clay Ardeeser (Loganville, Georgia) and Dylan Cook (Portola Valley, California) were all named to All-Region squads as well.
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(478) 745-4141 ext. 310 Tucker Sargent joined the 41NBC news team in April 2012. He's from Alabama, but you won't catch him saying "Roll Tide!" Tucker grew up near Auburn before moving to north Alabama. He graduated from Danville High School in 2007 and loves to return to the Tennessee Valley any chance he gets. He moved back south to Troy, Alabama after high school, where he graduated from Troy University in 2011 with a B.S. in Broadcast Journalism. He interned in Huntsville at WAAY-TV before joining 41NBC. His passion is sports, and his favorite teams are the Auburn Tigers and Troy Trojans. On the weekends you can catch Tucker watching college football on Saturdays and NASCAR on Sundays! He's proud to call middle Georgia home for now and could always use a story idea from you, so don't hesitate to get in touch with him!
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4th Floor Press, Inc. began operations in 2004, before the self-publishing boom. At that time, authors looking to produce their own books were often left to fend for themselves. They had to find designers, editors, illustrators, printers, and legal registrations without much guidance. The idea behind 4th Floor Press was to take these worries off the author’s plate, so they could focus on the content of their work. Our mission was to help authors succeed on their own terms—a mission we have accomplished time and time again over the past decade of operations. While self-published authors have many more options, and opportunities, in today’s book market, the foundamentals haven’t changed. Publishing a great book takes a team of professionals, and 4th Floor Press is that team. We have wonderful editors, spectacular graphic designers, original artists, and the best printers in the country, all ready to help make your publishing dreams come true.
At 4th Floor Press, Inc., we’re proud of the books we produce. Whether it’s a memoir, a novel, a showcase coffee table book, or an eBook, we handle every aspect of production, working with the author to create the perfect reflection of their work.
Over the years, 4th Floor Press, Inc. has produced two Silver Medal and one Bronze Medal IPPY Award Winners. The IPPY Awards (Independent Publisher Book Awards) acknowledge the best independently produced works (from both traditional and self-publishers) in 65 categories from across North America. Every year, we publish books that compete on the world stage, and win.
4th Floor Press, Inc. is a Canadian company, committed to printing and producing books in Canada, for authors around the world.
Anne Bougie-Johnson
Anne Bougie-Johnson has been with 4th Floor Press, Inc. since its inception. A driving force in the company's creation, she began as Vice President in 2005 and has been dedicated to its clients ever since. She's passionate about creating beautiful books and keeping ahead of the latest trends in publishing. In 2014, Mrs. Bougie-Johnson took ownership of 4th Floor Press, Inc., knowing the future of self-publishing is brighter than ever. She is also the owner and President of Sparks Literary Consultants Inc. (www.sparkslit.com).
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שפה צרפתית אנגלית
משותף
angle-left null One November night on the motorway
One November night on the motorway
Fall of the Berlin Wall – 1989
Marc SCHEUER
History comes in cycles and eras, in curves and straight lines, in upsets and respites; but offers also moments during which time itself seems to be suspended. Marc Scheuer experienced such a moment one November night in 1989 on the motorway between Frankfurt and Strasbourg".
Sometimes the circumstances of extraordinary events become clearly fixed in our memory, bringing to mind again and again the time and place where we first learnt of them, our initial reaction and even the faces, noises and smells around us.
At around 10 p.m. on 9 November 1989, on a dark night on the Frankfurt-Strasbourg motorway, three of us were returning from an assignment in Oslo with the Secretary General, whose office I had just joined. This was meant to be, as it would so often be at other times, a break, a time to wind down and a time to calmly take stock of the meetings that had just taken place. But not that evening. The car radio instantly transported us to Berlin. It spoke of a huge crowd gathered at the checkpoints between the sectors of the city. People were chanting “We are the people” and beginning to spill over from East to West. They would later return home.
The news was phenomenal. Our minds began to race. Being the same age as the Council of Europe, give or take three years, as a child, a teenager and then a student, I had been marked by the tragedies of 1956 in Budapest, 1961 in Berlin and 1968 in Prague. These memories go back and forth through my mind, together with the announcements that followed: no violence, no attempts to escape either. An impressive assertion of the right to travel freely. The people had seized control of their own destiny and no power was attempting to oppose them. This was all so new in its radicalism.
Admittedly, aided by the economic impasse, things had begun to move in the “East”. Processes of reform and openness had been set in motion, first in Poland and then in Hungary, while Gorbachev’s Soviet Union was testing Glastnost and Perestroika. Elsewhere, such as in the German Democratic Republic or in Czechoslovakia, the parties and institutions remained unchanged but civil societies were demonstrating more and more overtly for human rights and a more open society. Bridges had been built towards some of those countries. Mr Gorbachev had spoken before the Parliamentary Assembly four months earlier, alluding to a future common home.
It was of little consequence. Up until that night, the end of a divided Europe had been considered, at best, as a long-term possibility. That was why it felt like a dramatic acceleration of history.
We slowed the car down so as to be able to listen more closely and think more easily. Our thoughts focused silently on the border that had become porous and was being straddled with impunity. We visualised it and tried to gauge the consequences of its collapse. Still confused, we gradually realised that our world was no longer the same.
A lawyer by profession, Marc held a variety of positions at the Council of Europe, mainly in political co-operation and the protection of human rights. Among other things, he co-ordinated the preparations for the 1st Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe in 1993. From 2008 to 2013 he headed the Secretariat of the Alliance of Civilizations in New York, a project led by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
In defence of Cinderella
European Social Charter – 1961
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Buy While Were At It online in Australia.
While Were At It
Mighty Mighty Bosstones While Were At It Vinyl With an over 30-year career, Bostons best dressed band has built and continued to build a devoted following with their unique brass-infused brand of punk rock. The band's tenth full-length release 'While We're At It' is the final part of a musical trilogy that began with Pin Points and Gin Joints in 2009 followed by 'The Magic of Youth' in 2011. Produced by Grammy Award winning Ted Hutt, singer Dicky Barrett describes the album as the very best of what we do best with other band members calling it their very best album
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1000 Pounds Of Oil
Harrington Saints 1000 Pounds Of Oil Vinyl
1372 Overton Park
2009 release, Lucero's sixth studio album and major label debut, The album was produced by Ted Hutt (The Gaslight Anthem) and features horn arrangements by legendary Memphis session player Jim Spake (Al Green, John Hiatt, Solomon Burke, Cat Power)....
1977-2017 - 40 Years Singles
Uk Subs 1977-2017 - 40 Years Singles CD
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firefly-wp
88th Annual Allstate Sugar Bowl
From the first Sugar Bowl in 1935 through this past year’s 87th Allstate Sugar Bowl Classic at the world-famous Mercedes-Benz Superdome, the goal of the event has remained the same – to create the best game possible. Over its storied football history, the Sugar Bowl Classic has hosted many of the best coaches, players, and teams in college football history. Fifty-one Hall of Fame coaches have stalked the sidelines of the Sugar Bowl, while 19 Heisman Trophy winners and countless All-Americans have shown their skills in the New Orleans event. Throughout history, Sugar Bowl fans have had the opportunity to experience the brilliance of 28 national championship teams as well as seven match-ups between the top two teams in the nation – true national championship games.
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Throughout its 87-year history, the Sugar Bowl has remained one of the most prominent and successful voluntary non-profit organizations in the country. Since its founding by a group of civic enthusiasts led by businessman and attorney Warren Miller and sports journalist Fred Digby, the Sugar Bowl’s mission has remained the same: to stage amateur athletic events for the purpose of promoting the singular allure of New Orleans while creating a positive climate for the local economy by bringing more than 100,000 visitors annually to the Crescent City.
While Heisman Trophy winners in the bowl have been commonplace, there have been many other outstanding players in the Sugar Bowl Classic. The all-time list of Miller-Digby Award winners as the Most Outstanding Players of the Sugar Bowls reads like a who’s who list of NFL stars, beginning with 1948 winner Bobby Layne, the Texas star who went on to an NFL Hall of Fame career. Following Layne is a long line of MVPs who went on to professional greatness, including New Orleans-own Archie Manning (Ole Miss), Kenny Stabler (Alabama), Herschel Walker (Georgia), Dan Marino (Pittsburgh), Bo Jackson (Auburn) and Jerome Bettis (Notre Dame).
In addition to the 50 Hall of Fame coaches the game has hosted, there have been 99 Sugar Bowl players who have gone on to the College Football Hall of Fame, including Tony Dorsett (Pittsburgh), Glenn Dorsey (LSU), Davey O’Brien (TCU), David Pollack (Georgia), Deion Sanders (Florida State), Lee Roy Selmon (Oklahoma), Steve Spurrier (Florida) and Curt Warner (Penn State).
Recent Sugar Bowls have continued to showcase memorable performances including record-breaking efforts by Florida’s Tim Tebow, who set the bowl record by throwing for 482 yards in an impressive win over Cincinnati in 2010, and Ezekiel Elliott, who recorded the bowl’s best mark for rushing yards with 230 in Ohio State’s College Football Playoff Semifinal victory over Alabama in 2015. This past year, Ohio State had another memorable performance as quarterback Justin Fields threw a Sugar Bowl-record six touchdown passes in a Playoff Semifinal win over Clemson.
The success of the teams and players on the field have been key to the success of the Sugar Bowl off the field. In its history, the game has welcomes over six million fans to New Orleans to watch the game while providing a week-long list of activities that meets that original 1934 mission of bolstering the region’s economy. Over the past decade, the Allstate Sugar Bowl has brought over $2.5 billion of economic impact to New Orleans and Louisiana. In addition, the national television broadcasts bring further exposure to the region, ensuring additional boosts to the tourism economy – the 2015 Allstate Sugar Bowl was watched by over 28 million people – the largest cable television broadcast in history at the time. Since the College Football Playoff era began in the 2014 season, the Sugar Bowl has been viewed by over 100 million fans around the world.
Of course, this degree of success wouldn’t be possible without the efforts of the heart and soul of the Sugar Bowl organization – its volunteer membership. Some of today’s Sugar Bowl volunteers are direct descendants of the original group. Others are newcomers to the organization ready and willing to contribute to a winning team. All are dedicated to the mission of spreading the name and fame of New Orleans worldwide.
Since its inception in 1935, the Sugar Bowl and New Orleans have been synonymous with the best that college football has to offer.
Allstate Sugar Bowl Crescent City Classic 10K
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The Historical Development of the Services of Pascha
Home/Holy Week/The Historical Development of the Services of Pascha
In trying to learn more about how the Liturgical Services of the Resurrection of Christ developed through the years in the Orthodox Church of the East, we find that much of this information comes to us from the liturgical settings of Jerusalem in the fourth century. It has also been discovered that much of what we know about these beginnings is due to the writings of a female pilgrim, known to us as Egeria (or sometimes spelled Etheria). Her account of the Jerusalem liturgy, during the years of A.D. 381-384, complements other historical works, such as the so-called “Old Armenian Lectionary,” and lectionaries in Georgian, and other homiletical or historical data. Also, it must be said that much of what is quoted here comes from The Origins of the Liturgical Year by Thomas J. Talley.
In her writings, Egeria makes mention of various physical sites in Jerusalem of the events of Christ’s passion, and how these sites were visited during these celebrations. These sites were the old church of Sion, the complex at Calvary (built by Constantine), which included what she called the Anastasis (with the cave of the tomb), the great basilica called Martyrium, the smaller church of Golgotha (or the “chapel behind the Cross”), and the three-chambered baptistry running south from the Anastasis, and finally the Mount of Olives across the Valley of Kidron (its principal church being the Eleona, but with the place of the ascension, Imbomon, and Bethlehem lying close by, and Gethsemane lying nearer the foot of the mount toward Jerusalem).
With this in mind, we now turn to the writings of Egeria, concerning Holy Saturday. From her experience, she writes that “they have normal services at the third and sixth hours, but the ninth hour is not kept on this sabbath because they prepare for the vigil in the Great Church.” By the fourth and fifth centuries, the paschal vigil was accustomed to being opened with the lighting of the lamp. The bishop would light a taper from the eternal lamp burning in the tomb in the Anastasis, and proceed to the Martyrium, where he would light one or more lamps. It was at this time, around the ninth hour, that the clergy began the vigil of the readings.
The early Jerusalem usage shows a series of twelve lessons, each followed by prayer and prostration. The first lesson, and only the first lesson, was preceded by the singing of Psalm 117 (118), with the response being, “This is the day which the Lord has made.” Following this responsorial psalm, the readings were as follows:
1. Genesis 1:1 – 3:24 (the story of creation)
2. Genesis 22:1 – 18 (the binding of Isaac)
3. Exodus 12:1 – 24 (the Passover narrative)
4. Jonah 1:1 – 4:11 (the story of Jonah)
5. Exodus 14:24 – 15:21 (the passage through the sea)
6. Isaiah 60:1 – 13 (the promise to Jerusalem)
7. Job 38:2 – 28 (the Lord’s answer to Job)
8. 2 Kings 2:1 – 22 (the taking up of Elijah)
9. Jeremiah 31:31 – 34 (the new covenant)
10. Joshua 1:1 – 9 (the command to passess the land)
11. Ezekial 37:1 – 14 (the valley of dry bones)
12. Daniel 3:1 – 90 (the story of the three children)
These readings are based on the themes of baptism as well as creation which had previously been developed in earlier centuries with respect to Pascha. Pascha had originated with its connection to Passover, and was a Christian experience of Redemption, similar to the Jewish exodus from Egypt, before it became a celebration of Christ’s resurrection. As you can see, the first three readings show how the Jerusalem vigil was a continuation of the Passover tradition in the days of the New Covenant, while the remaining readings are related to our passage into that New Covenant. It was also known that while these readings were being done in the Martyrium, the converts were over in the baptistry being baptized, thus accomplishing sacramentally what was being proclaimed in the readings. This series of readings done in Jerusalem during the fourth century was the oldest known series and had quite an influence on other series. Although the number of readings and the selections differ somewhat from what is currently in use today in the Orthodox Church, Gregory Dix mentions in The Shape of the Liturgy that “this Jerusalem series, or selections from it, appear in almost every liturgy for the paschal vigil in Christendom down to the sixteenth century.” He goes on to say that “it is remarkable that the themes of many of them occur in the two earliest patristic paschal sermons extant, those of Melito (bishop of Sardis) and Hippolytus.”
At this point, Egeria reveals to us that unlike in the West, it was here that after all of the converts had been baptized and clothed, during the singing of the canticle of the last reading, with the Song of the Three Children, the bishop would take them all to the Anastasis where they would sing a hymn and he would say a prayer for them, and then take them into the Martyrium where all the people were keeping the vigil in the usual way. According to the rubrics, the conclusion of this final canticle would take place at midnight, and the prokeimenon of the eucharistic liturgy would then begin, thus bringing the baptism of these converts to its fulfillment. The epistle of 1 Corinthians 15:1 – 11 would then be read, with its Alleluia verses of Psalm 29 (30), followed by the gospel reading of Matthew 28:1 – 20. (Our current practice is to read Romans 6:3-11, followed by Psalm 82:8, Arise, O God, Judge the earth, and the same gospel reading.)
It can be seen that the development of this liturgical tradition is quite similar to what we now refer to as our Holy Saturday Vesperal Liturgy service, which is done on Saturday morning. The only reference I could find that had any mention about why this Vesperal Liturgy had moved more toward the morning as opposed to its traditional place in the evening and night, was from Fr. Alexander Schmemann. He claims that it was the increase in the number of catechumens that caused the first baptismal part of the Paschal celebration to be disconnected from the liturgy of the Paschal night to form our so-called pre-paschal service of Saturday morning. But both Egeria and various lectionaries make specific mention of one characteristic of the Jerusalem paschal celebration not mentioned elsewhere, and that is a second celebration of the eucharist in the Anastasis immediately following the dismissal in the Martyrium, without the oblation being preceded by a series of readings.
With this in mind, and without being able to obtain a copy of further documentation available to us on this matter, I offer a few thoughts to consider with respect to our current liturgical practice.
We find a reference in the footnotes of The Liturgikon, with respect to the Order of Great Vespers on Great and Holy Friday, that “the ancient Paschal Vigil began with the Vesperal-Liturgy at around four o’clock on the afternoon of Great Saturday and the reading of the Acts of the Apostles until the beginning of the Paschal Midnight Office at around two thirty o’clock on the morning of Pascha.” With the fact that there was a separation of the first celebration of Pascha (our current Saturday morning Vesperal Liturgy) with the Midnight Office, originally due to the increase in catechumens, and with the reading of the Acts of the Apostles during the vigil of that night, it may be that this further emphasized the original themes of baptismal and creation of Paschal itself, and led to the reading of the Acts of the Apostles as the Epistle lesson, and the Gospel of St. John (1:1ff) as the gospel lesson. Our current practice of receiving the Light from the bishop or priest would also be in accord with the ancient practice of the bishop coming to light his candle from the eternal light in the tomb of Christ, and then in turn lighting other candles as well. Following our lighting of the candles, we currently process out of the church and around the temple three times in remembrance of the baptismal procession mentioned above with the bishop and the catechumens. Unfortunately, I cannot offer any explanation as to why we, in our Antiochian and Greek tradition, come back to the doors of the church, and after the initial singing of the Christ is risen, then proclaim the words of Psalm 23 (24): Lift up your gates, O ye princes; and be ye lifted up, ye everlasting gates, and the King of glory shall enter in. The connection of these words and their responses to the fact that they also occur in the Service of the Consecration of a church will, for me, remain the topic of further investigation.
Nevertheless, our celebration of this Feast of Feasts, the Resurrection of our Lord, God, and Saviour Jesus Christ, will continue to show Pascha not as a reenactment of what Christ has done, but rather as a remembrance and celebration of Christ’s death and resurrection. Our liturgical celebration will always reflect the early Church’s celebration of Pascha as a baptismal feast, and reveal the Sacrament of Baptism as the Paschal sacrament of a new and glorified life in Christ Jesus, our Lord.
By admin|2011-03-24T10:28:57-07:00March 24th, 2011|Holy Week|Comments Off on The Historical Development of the Services of Pascha
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Female volunteers establish a village in northern Syria that caters only for women
09 March 2018 Syria
Source: Al Hurra
Northern Syria
Jinwar is a village in northern Syria that will be established only for women who will live and work in an eco-friendly economy.
The conflict in Syria and the weakening of the centralised state has allowed for the emergence of different forms of governance throughout the country. The withdrawal of the Syrian state from certain regions in northern Syria has permitted change in the political and social life of local inhabitants, particularly those living in what is called the “Democratic Federation of Northern Syria”, more commonly known by its Kurdish name, “Rojava”. These political changes are especially pertinent with regard to the role of women in society, and have led to the establishment of the first women-only village in the Middle East, Jinwar.
Jinwar, meaning Land of Women in Kurdish, has been set up by a group of female volunteers living close to the Kabas Mountain, near Derbasiyah, located in the north-eastern Hasakah Governorate of Syria. The village provides a sanctuary for those women who have felt the severe repercussions of the war in Syria and seek to find refuge away from the societal pressures of their former abodes.
The village will comprise a total of 30 houses, of which 21 have been erected so far. Around 200 Arab, Assyrian and Kurdish women are expected to inhabit the village. Life in the village will be based on the tenets of the ideology prevalent in many Kurdish-dominated parts of northern Syria and south-eastern Turkey, namely the ideals espoused by Abdullah Ocalan, which are grounded in democratic confederalism, ecological sustainability, gender equality, and communal life.
The founders of Jinwar plan to develop an environmentally friendly and self-sufficient economy, built on raising livestock, growing wheat and barley, planting trees, and establishing greenhouses to grow vegetables. Women will be expected to work together and provide for themselves, while taking only taking produce that will meet their daily needs. The focus on agriculture is part and parcel of the existential element of the abovementioned ideology, in which it is argued that forming a bond between man/woman and the land paves the way for a more productive and meaningful life. The culture that arises from this symbiotic relationship is meant to enhance the communal and individual spirit. The proposed economic system, which seeks to steer away from both market-based and central command economies, is also meant to allow for more time devoted to artistic expression.
The intent behind the Jinwar project is to provide a safe haven for women in Syria who have suffered from the ravages of the war and seek to develop an alternative way of life in the Middle East that challenges the social and political systems imbibed with structural violence based on gender and class. In addition, this project aims to tackle the issue of ethnic, denominational and tribal divisions in Middle Eastern societies.
The continuation of military clashes across Syria, including parts of “Rojava”, and the instability of the geopolitical situation of the region, especially tensions between the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Turkish state, may prove to act as obstacles to the Jinwar project. Nevertheless, such initiatives are expected to receive protection from military units that represent “Rojava”, including the People’s Protection Units (YPG).
Image: Jinwar Youtube
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Im-Politic: Clinton’s Campaign Sure Thinks the Mainstream Media is “With Her”
2016 election, ABC News, Bernie Sanders, CBS News, CNN, Donald Trump, Establishment Media, Hillary Clinton, Im-Politic, Mainstream Media, media, MSNBC, NBC News, NPR, PBS, The Intercept, The New York Times, Washington Post, Wikileaks
The word “surrogate” is defined in dictionaries as “a substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.” Now thanks to the Wikileaks disclosures of internal emails and other strategy documents from Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign, we know that the Democratic candidate and her operatives believed that many members of the Mainstream Media fit that description for her upcoming White House race as well.
According to a memo released by Wikileaks on Friday, and first reported (to my knowledge) on The Intercept website, the list of journalists viewed by the Clinton-ites as reliable conveyors of her message included numerous opinion journalists whose liberal leanings are no secret. Examples include E.J. Dionne, Ruth Marcus, Dana Milbank, and Eugene Robinson of the Washington Post; and David Brooks, Maureen Dowd, and Gail Collins of The New York Times.
There’s nothing wrong in principle with their presence. There’s no evidence so far that any of them offered their services to the campaign either voluntarily or in response to a request. And unless material comes out indicating active collusion, although surely most are bristling at the suggestion that they’ve been in the tank for anyone in politics, none of these pundits has any control over how they’re viewed by politicians.
But the Clinton characterization of other list members is much more troubling. Dan Balz of the Post isn’t exactly a pure-play columnist – presumably that’s why his employer doesn’t place his pieces on the op-ed page. But his “news analyses” are supposed to occupy some middle ground between opinion and hard news. That concept isn’t necessarily illegitimate. But maybe the Post could clue its readers in on how it views the relevant distinctions, so they could make up their own minds as to how to view these articles?
Another category of listees is problematic, too, but maybe a little less so, since Chris Hayes, Rachel Maddow, and Chris Mathews host talk shows on a cable network (MSNBC) that doesn’t try very hard to hide its partisanship. (Similar criticisms of course can be leveled at many of their counterparts on Fox News.)
Major problems, however, surround the inclusion of news show hosts and anchors who do style themselves as objective journalists. For reasons, I described yesterday, no one should be surprised that ABC News Sunday talk show host George Stephanopoulos is viewed as a Clinton surrogate. But his CBS counterpart John Dickerson? Wolf Blitzer of CNN? Charlie Rose, who does double duty at CBS and PBS?
And scariest of all is the number of listed journalists who present themselves as completely objective beat reporters, like Jonathan Karl of ABC News, Jon King and Jeff Zeleny of CNN, Mara Liasson of NPR, Andrea Mitchell of NBC News, and Karen Tumulty of the Washington Post. Moreover, in another memo, the New York Times‘ Maggie Haberman was described as an especially “friendly journalist” who has “never disappointed” the Clinton team with her performance after their promptings.
Since this material dates from spring, 2015, it’s of course nothing more than speculation (however plausible) to venture that Clinton’s operatives have viewed these same journalists as trusted allies in the campaign against her Republican opponent, Donald Trump. (He didn’t declare his candidacy until June.) But the timing is revealing nonetheless because by April, Clinton’s main rival for the Democratic nomination, Bernie Sanders, had thrown his hat into the ring, and it was clear by then that many voters in the party’s left wing were recoiling at the prospect of Clinton as liberalism’s standard-bearer.
As a result, these memos add to the case that much of the national press corps has seen its real mission not as reporting events as objectively as possible, or even as fronting for Democrats, but as defending a center-left status quo against populist challengers of all stripes. Certainly Sanders and many of his backers count themselves as victims.
Fortunately, the only silver lining in this picture is a bright one: Americans’ trust in the mass media to give them the straight news dope is at an all-time low, at least according to Gallup. Undoubtedly that’s a big reason why the establishment media’s finances show signs of weakening across the board. If money really does talk in the ranks of these profit-seeking enterprises, mounting business pressures could push them back to their more responsible roots. Or the Mainstream Media’s owners could arrogantly decide to go down with their ships – in which case the big question will be whether investors more devoted to quality journalism will recognize the vacuum they’ve left.
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The Madonna who "won everyone's hearts"
© Antoine Mekary/ALETEIA
Our Lady of Providence © Antoine Mekary / ALETEIA
Marinella Bandini - published on 05/20/17
On our May tour of Rome's Madonnelle, we stop to consider how generation after generation is comforted by the Mother.
We continue with our daily tour this month through a particular artistic expression of Marian devotion: Rome’s “Madonnelle” (“little Madonnas”). These are images of Mary—some of them miraculous—scattered throughout the streets and alleyways of the city. They are the object of much popular devotion. Follow the series here: Little Madonnas of Rome
Madonna of Divine Providence: Via delle Botteghe oscure
The “Madonna of Divine Providence” is located on the corner of the Palazzo Mattei Paganica building on Via delle Botteghe Oscure near Encyclopedia Square, at the edge of the Jewish quarter and near Torre Argentina Square. It is certainly one of the most famous of the “little Madonnas” in Rome, and is among the images that cried and moved their eyes in 1796, due to the French invasion of the Pontifical States. Two marble plaques under the shrine commemorate this miraculous event. The inscription is the same, in Italian and Latin: “Passerby, the image that you venerate comforted the people who were praying for help on July 9, 1796, with her benign countenance and various movements of her eyes. In this way, she won the hearts and praises of all. Filial love placed this commemoration.”
The image—an oil painting on canvas—is in a stucco frame with straight sides and a curved top, probably from the 17th century, and it is covered by a simple wooden canopy. It is a half-length portrait of the Madonna with her hands crossed over her breast.
At one time, she was called “The Virgin of Elm Square” due to the presence of an ancient elm tree. Until not long ago, there were numerous “ex voto” tokens around the image, which were removed after a restoration of the building and the little Madonna.
Follow the series here: Little Madonnas of Rome
See more articles like this at Aleteia’s Art & Travel section.
Little Madonnas of Rome
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Whole system change needed in gender identity services
Gender identity services in the NHS are failing to meet the needs of patients. Huge delays in treatment are forcing many to go private or abroad, while a lack of funding and suitably trained staff means patients are not receiving adequate care.
Gender dysphoria is a condition whereby a person experiences discomfort or distress because there is a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity (NHS Choices, 2016). Figures estimate there are 650 000 people in the UK living with gender dysphoria, which is equal to 1% of the population (Women and Equalities Committee, 2016). This is expected to rise as society’s increasing tolerance and acceptance of transgenderism has encouraged more people to come forward and seek medical help.
In the UK, transgender people’s health needs regarding gender dysphoria are being met at specialised NHS gender identity clinics or through private care. At present, all GPs in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland may refer their patients directly to a gender identity clinic, and do not need to refer them to a mental health service for assessment beforehand. In Wales, however, GPs have to refer first to a local psychiatrist, who assesses the patient and can recommend they are referred for assessment and treatment at a gender identity clinic (General Medical Council (GMC), 2017).
Unacceptable waiting times
Waiting times for people with gender dysphoria before their first appointment at an NHS gender identity clinic are unacceptable, as are the times for subsequent gender reassignment surgery, should it be wanted. This, in turn, has a massive impact on the health and wellbeing of trans patients. According to the GMC, the risk of self-harm and suicide for trans people is much greater than in the general population, and any delays in accessing medical care can substantially increase these risks (GMC, 2017).
Under the NHS Constitution, patients are legally entitled to have their first appointment at a specialist service within 18 weeks of referral (Department of Health, 2015). However, due to increased demand, some transgender patients have found themselves waiting up to 4 years for an appointment (Lyons, 2016). Remarkably, it was only in January 2015 that the NHS accepted that the 18-week principle applies to gender identity services too (Women and Equalities Committee, 2016).
It is because of these long waiting times that many trans people are turning to private care—but this does not come cheap. Initial appointments can cost between £220 and £280, and tend to cover assessment, diagnosis and recommendations. It is generally after two appointments that hormone therapy is started.
The cost of gender reassignment surgery varies considerably and prices range from £10 000 to £20 000. In desperation, many are turning to far-flung destinations, such as Thailand, to have this surgery.
Things need to change
In an attempt to meet the increased demand on gender identity services, NHS England invested an additional £6.5 million in this area this year. It is hoped this will go some way to reducing waiting times. However, despite increased funding, there is no detracting from the stark truth that the NHS is letting transgender people down. Notably, according to a Government report on transgender equality, the NHS is ‘failing in its legal duty under the Equality Act’ (Women and Equalities Committee, 2016).
A lack of knowledge and understanding among many clinicians and staff within the NHS has meant transgender people all too often encounter significant problems, whether through prejudice or the provision of inappropriate care. Additionally, other commonly cited concerns include too much variation in clinical protocols, confusion about what is available in the NHS, and inequitable access arrangements (Women and Equalities Committee, 2016).
Following this report, NHS England asked its Clinical Reference Group for Gender Identity to make recommendations on new service specifications for these specialist clinics. This led to a 12-week public consultation on proposals for new service specifications that, if adopted, will describe how specialised gender identity services for adults will be commissioned and delivered in the future within England. The final decisions will be made at the end of autumn 2017.
Relationship between public and private services
Among the changes set out in the consultation include a proposal that only designated specialist gender identity clinics will be able to refer individuals for reassignment surgery in the NHS. This would mean other NHS professionals or private clinics would not be able to make the referrals. The decision was made because it is felt the multidisciplinary teams of gender identity clinics are best placed to consider an individual’s suitability for surgery in the context of the relevant medical, psychological, emotional and social issues (NHS England, 2017). They are also able to accurately gauge the likely range of risks in each case.
Unfortunately this means patients would be unable to begin down the private pathway of care for an initial assessment and diagnosis, before moving to the NHS for gender reassignment surgery. Though this would go some way to diverting pressures on NHS services, it could be argued that boundaries of care between private and public could be blurred, making it difficulty to ensure safety and quality of care. Equally, referrals to an NHS gender clinic would have to come through an NHS pathway.
A gender identity specialism is needed
The lack of suitably trained staff to take on specialist roles being created in nursing, medicine, psychology and other professions is one of the key reasons for unprecedented demand on gender identity services. There are under a dozen people in the UK working both privately and in the NHS who can carry out vaginoplasty or phalloplasty operations (Parkins, 2016).
With the above in mind, there have been discussions with Health Education England, the GMC and the Royal College of Physicians about the development of a gender identity specialism, supported by appropriate curricula and recognition. It is evident that this is sorely needed; however, even at a grassroots level, training for GPs is insufficient, consisting of two online educational modules on gender variance on the Royal College of General Practitioners’ website. Without a proper understanding of this patient population, health services cannot begin to address their needs.
While momentum for change is gathering and the Government is beginning to listen, anything short of a whole system change in gender identity services would be insufficient. Waiting times are the most pressing concern that need to be addressed, with demand and capacity out of balance. Quality indicators are needed to assess quality and benchmark providers; a better interface with primary care services is essential; and increased understanding and knowledge across all health services is paramount. Transgender people have just as much right to care as anyone else, and health services and professionals cannot let them down.
Department of Health. NHS Constitution for England. 2015. http://tinyurl.com/d7sa3wq (accessed 23 October 2017)
General Medical Council. Good medical practice. Trans healthcare. Treatment pathways. 2017. http://tinyurl.com/grugw8z (accessed 19 October 2017)
Lyons K. Gender identity clinic services under strain as referral rates soar. 2016. http://tinyurl.com/hcb9uzz (accessed 19 October 2017)
NHS Choices. Gender dysphoria. 2016. http://tinyurl.com/ybt7rbj7 (accessed 19 October 2017)
NHS England. Guide to consultation: specialised gender identity services for adults. 2017. http://tinyurl.com/ydg3pfmh (accessed 19 October 2017)
Parkins K. Meet the gender reassignment surgeons: ‘Demand is going through the roof’. 2016. http://tinyurl.com/hdblcpg (accessed 19 October 2017)
Women and Equalities Committee. Transgender equality: first report of session 2015–16. 2016. http://tinyurl.com/y8sftc2h (accessed 19 October 2017)
Taken from Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, published November 2017.
Filed under Comment Tagged with Gender dysphoria, Gender identity, Gender identity clinic, Gender identity specialism, Gender reassignment surgery, General Medical Council, Health Education England, JAN, Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, NHS Choices, Phalloplasty, Royal College of General Practitioners, Vaginoplasty, Women and Equalities Committee
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What Is the Difference Between Pseudoscorpions & Real Scorpions?
By Jasey Kelly
Scorpions may be the most well-known arachnids after spiders, but a few other types of arachnids exist, including the tiny pseudoscorpions. Although their common names are similar and the're both arachnids, pseudoscorpions and scorpions are vastly different creatures who happen to share a list of characteristics.
Scorpions and pseudoscorpions are fairly closely related, but no more so than scorpions are related to spiders, ticks and mites. Within the 11 orders of arachnids, pseudoscorpions belong to Pseuoscorpiones and scorpions belong to Scorpiones. Like all arachnids, both pseudoscorpions and scorpions have eight legs each, and chelicerae, exoskeletons and pedipalps. Unlike most other arachnids, though, scorpions and pseudoscorpions have enlarged pedipalps formed as pincers.
Among the most obvious differences between pseudoscorpions and scorpions is size. Scorpions range from a half-inch long to more than 7 inches; many of the commonly encountered scorpions in the United States are 2 inches long or longer, making them easy to spot with the naked eye. Pseudoscorpions, on the other hand, reach between just under one-tenth of an inch to barely over a quarter-inch long, making them inconspicuous in most circumstances. Most are under 1/8 inch.
Among the identifying features of scorpions are their large pincers and long, stinger-equipped, curling abdomens, which are sometimes referred to as their tails. The scorpions' abdomens are made up of 12 segments -- an initial seven followed by five additional segments covering the tail area -- wide at first and gradually getting thinner, ending in the stinger. The abdomens of pseudoscorpions also are made up of 12 segments, but their abdomens are proportionally wider and are rounded, with no tails or stingers.
Psuedoscorpions live primarily in the tropics of the world, although several dozen species are found in the temperate United States. Most inhabit outdoor habitats where they can hunt for smaller insects and arthropods such as flies, beetle larvae, caterpillars and ants. Common habitats include birds' nests and leaf litter. Many scorpions inhabit similar areas, except most prefer desert areas such as flats, dunes and desert mountains.
International Society of Arachnology: Arachnid Orders
University of California Museum of Paleontology: Scorpiones
Penn State University Entomology: Pseudoscorpions
Texas A&M University Entomology: Pseudoscorpion
Texas A&M University Entomology: Scorpions
University of Arizona Cooperative Extension: Scorpions
With a professional background in gardening, landscapes, pests and natural ecosystems, Jasey Kelly has been sharing her knowledge through writing since 2009 and has served as an expert writer in these fields. Kelly's background also includes childcare, and animal rescue and care.
The Difference Between Gopher Snakes & Rattlesnakes
Hedgehogs & Porcupines
How to Keep an Emperor Scorpion Colony
How Are the Annelid & the Arthropod Different?
Scorpion Gestation
Scorpion Sizes
Household Insects That Look Like Centipedes
How to Tell Whether a Galician Crayfish Is Female or Male
Where on Earth Do Spiders Not Live?
Mantis Identification
Examples of Centipedes
How to Train a Dog to Walk With a Leash
How to Tell a Dangerous Scorpion
What Is the Most Poisonous Spider to Humans?
Difference Between Male & Female Ladybugs
Scorpion Types in the Southern U.S.
The Body Structure of a Millipede
What is the Basic Body Plan of an Annelid?
Differences Between a Chrysalis and a Cocoon
Wildlife and Exotic Animals »
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Home » Books » Books Out of Print » Books of Television Criticism » Glued to the Box » Good lug
As was revealed on Newsnight (BBC2), Madame Tussaud’s must have been all set for a Reagan victory. Within minutes of the announcement an effigy that looked nothing like him was being lifted into position, while the effigy that had looked nothing like Carter was taken away to be given a new haircut and labelled as someone else — Gary Cooper, perhaps.
Indefatigable as ever on your behalf, I wangled an invitation to the American Embassy on the big night. The embassy was receiving satellite transmissions from the American networks. As things turned out I might as well have stayed at home, because the promised all-night nailbiter had fizzled out by the time our own ITN coverage went off the air at three in the morning. ‘The map is turning blue for Reagan’ was the cry of the television pitchpersons on both sides of the Atlantic. NBC’s John Chancellor is an authoritative broadcaster, but he is no more riveting than any of our own people when all he has to announce is ‘a very substantial victory’.
David Dimbleby was in charge at the BBC and had his usual tussle with the technology. Linked up by satellite with a commentator in the US, David suddenly announced: ‘We appear to be talking on radio instead of television, so we’ll get back to you.’ The commentator, who had been in vision all the time, looked understandably nonplussed. Meanwhile Anna Ford was ruling the roost at ITN. Among those roosting were Edward Heath, Roy Hattersley, Jo Grimmond and the knowledgeable American Lloyd Cutler. All concerned seemed ready to agree that Reagan would not blow up the world immediately. ‘It’s an awesome task, isn’t it?’ mused Heath. Anna, who had done a lot of interrupting, handed back to Alastair Burnet. ‘There you are, Alastair, people coming round to President Reagan already.’
Anna had made her presence felt. She is not just a pretty face. Barbara Walters, who is not just one of those either, takes home a million-dollars-a-year salary and has a hair-stylist in attendance twenty-four hours a day, paid for by the network. The size of her pay-slip confers prestige. The prestige confers clout. The clout confers courage. She asked Kissinger how close he was to Reagan. ‘I know many members of his endourage…’ Kissinger wouldn’t say what he had discussed with Reagan. ‘I’d love to know’, piped Barbara, ‘what you did discussed.’ ‘I jusd wished him good lug.’
Next day Reagan dominated all channels in his new role as President-elect of the United States. Of the many factors which had contributed to his landing the part, not the least, surely, had been his mastery of television — an accomplishment springing directly from the decades he had spent delivering bad dialogue in the movies. ‘Some of you stay here and guard the girl. The rest of you come with me. We’ll head ’em off at the pass.’ Obliged to utter miles of stuff like that, Reagan cultivated an inner stillness. That’s the reason why he looks so natural on television now. He isn’t acting.
Carter was an amateur and therefore fell prey to the delusion that on television it is necessary to ham it up. That reference to his daughter Amy probably lost him the debate, and losing the debate probably lost him the Presidency. One or more of Carter’s advisers must have thought it a good idea for the President to mention that his daughter Amy was concerned about nuclear arms control. If Reagan had been given a similar line he would have crossed it out, not because it was untrue, but because it was corny. Reagan knows all there is to know about lousy dialogue. One of the reasons he has come so far is to get away from it.
Reagan is unlikely to burn a world in which he has just become the single most influential man. What we can look forward to is not universal destruction, but the agony of little nations. The phrase is Churchill’s and should be resurrected. Under Carter the US largely gave up the practice of helping right-wing regimes to make war on their own liberals. Under Reagan, especially if Kissinger makes a comeback, that sordid branch of Realpolitik might well be resumed.
Fronting In Evidence — The Bomb (Yorkshire) Jonathan Dimbleby overwhelmingly proved that nuclear weapons were a bad thing. Anybody still harbouring the belief that they were a species of Christmas decoration would have found the programme a rude shock. The point that MAD — mutual assured destruction — was the only possible result of a nuclear war was convincingly brought out by a series of experts. To show how convinced he himself personally was, Jonathan included a lot of reaction shots in which he could be seen nodding, holding his chin thoughtfully, etc. As one who admires Jonathan’s investigative tenacity I feel justified in suggesting to him that the might care to underpin his conclusions with a bit more evidence that he has thought the subject through. Just how good, for example, is E. P. Thompson’s argument in favour of unilateral nuclear disarmament?
Oppenheimer (BBC2) continues, with the dreaded General Groves emerging as a highly engaging heavy. A super-patriot straight out of the worst nightmares of Jonathan Dimbleby and E. P. Thompson, Groves would have been easy to caricature, but the part is reasonably well written and, by Manning Redwood, brilliantly well acted. Unfortunately what I predicted last week has come to pass: the physics have been left out. This leaves more room for the politics, which will doubtless be a revelation to those younger viewers who have no idea just how silly the American witch-hunt was, but the physics could have been made fascinating to everybody if described in the right words. ‘Do you think you could explain it to me?’ Groves pleaded. ‘Sure,’ said Oppenheimer, ‘what would you like to know?’ And then they still didn’t show you.
Gavin Millar made and impressive directorial debut with Cream in my Coffee (LWT), a play by Dennis Potter which reputedly spent a large amount of the company’s money. Lionel Jeffries and Dame Peggy Ashcroft lavished their combined talents on the task of making Potter’s dialogue sound probable. Back they went to the seaside hotel in which they had long ago spent their prenuptial honeymoon. He was now a senile bully, she a wincing target for his invective. Erstwhiles it had all been different. He conked out on the very dance-floor where the spotlight had once caught them kissing. Thus the circle of time was closed. What you missed was any sense that the two of them had been in any way involved during the intervening period.
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Home » Books » Unreliable » North Face of Soho » 2. Gateway to Grub Street
North Face of Soho — 2. Gateway to Grub Street
I was in demand for that kind of work, partly because I had established a fatal reputation for getting it done at short notice. Now that I was theoretically free to pursue a career as a journalist, Nicholas Tomalin of the New Statesman would send the kind of book my way that nobody in his right mind wanted to review. Could I do it by Tuesday? When I proved that I could, Richard Boston of New Society recognized a potentially useful candidate for reviewing another book in the same doomed category. Could I do it by Thursday? The evidence rapidly mounted that there was a new contender in town for the post that every literary editor needs to fill: the trick pony who can work like a draught-horse. In no time at all I had become a denizen of Grub Street. Naive American scholars sometimes go looking for Grub Street but it has never existed as a geographical entity. Grub Street is a collection of periodicals that deal with literature and of newspapers that have literary pages: a collection of those, and of the people who edit and write for them. Grub Street is like a small Great Rift whose favoured watering holes continually change position. In the times of Swift and Dr Johnson, the gathering places were the coffee houses. In my time, they were the pubs.
In Fleet Street, the pubs were near the newspaper offices: sometimes so near that the drinkers could feel the vibration through the pub wall when the presses started rolling. But a Grub Street pub could be anywhere. The most important one was in Soho. At the Pillars of Hercules in Greek Street, Ian Hamilton set up the drinks while he persuaded me that I was ideal not only for providing unpaid articles for his acerbic little magazine, the Review, but paid articles for the Times Literary Supplement, of which, wearing his other hat, he was the literary editor. Though the contributor would see his name on a cheque, he would not see it in print: the TLS still had its policy of anonymity in those days. The news, however, would soon get around if you could review a whole batch of new poetry books in a thousand words and make the piece more readable than most of the poetry. That part of the challenge wasn’t hard: then as now, most of the poets were writing verse only because they lacked the sense of structure to write prose. The hard part was to get it done. The work would have been easier if Hamilton had been less scrupulous. Right there in the Pillars, he would blue-pencil your copy while everybody else watched. Everybody else included his other reviewers and sometimes, hovering dangerously at the rim of the scrum, one or two of the poets whose slim collections I was presuming to hose on. Hamilton wouldn’t kill a phrase on that account — often he would show you how to sharpen it up — but he never let a slack sentence go by. It was invaluable training. I should say at this point that I was smart enough at the start to spot the difference between curatorial editing and blithering interference. Curatorial editing I could benefit from, and to some extent still need even today. My style, if such it is, works by packing stuff in, not stretching it out, and there is always a danger of trying to say too much at once. Hamilton, his own prose a model of sardonic limpidity, had an unerring eye for the slipshod simile and the overblown cadence. The final work of excision and emendation done, I would go on drinking with Hamilton and the others, buying my round along with them but getting drunk much faster. At that time, the Pillars still closed after lunch along with all the other pubs, but there was an upstairs club a few doors away where the diehards would go on soaking until the Pillars opened again for the evening. My light head and frequent visits to the toilet soon became notorious.
The light head would prove to be my salvation in the long run, but I was foolish enough to be ashamed of it then. If I didn’t exactly fall over, I certainly bounced off the walls on the way to and from the can. Come to think of it, I did fall over, but not exactly. I fell in various directions. Once, on the last train to Cambridge, I slept all the way to King’s Lynn and had to come back in a cab, at a price that the payment for the latest piece would barely cover. My wife, who had been unaware that I had ambitions to recreate the leading role in The Lost Weekend, was not impressed. But the piece was safe in Hamilton’s pocket. Now suitably shaved, sponged free of its indignities, it would go into the TLS, where I would read it with satisfaction. Other people must have done so too, because the invitations kept on coming in. Charles Monteith, the revered senior editor at Faber and Faber, sent a written request that I should call by to see him. I had better sense than to think he was after my poetry, which I knew he had never seen, because a collection of it had been sitting for more than a year on the desk of an editor in a less illustrious house — one of those editors who are so enthusiastic about your manuscript that they will do everything they can to persuade the board of directors to take a chance on an unknown, and are reasonably certain that the green light will be given just as soon as there is an economic upturn on Wall Street and a general withdrawal of Soviet troops from Eastern Europe. (Such skills for procrastination should be cherished, because they have saved many a young poet from sending out to die a slim volume that was never fit to live.)
But I could scarcely hope that Monteith was after a whole book of prose. He was, however. Sweetly pretending not to be disconcerted by my appearance — I still suffered from the delusion that a satinized polyester tie looked good with a fake Viyella shirt — he suggested that I might consider taking a crack at writing a biography of Louis MacNeice, a Faber poet, not long dead, whose reputation was already cooling in the shadow of W. H. Auden’s. In one of my poetry reviews for the TLS I had invoked MacNeice’s precision of imagery while condemning some respectable windbag’s vagueness in the same department, and Monteith had been so taken with my choice of paragon that he foresaw a whole monograph fuelled by the same admiration. Foolishly, so did I, although I already knew that I was short of spare time, and that none could be made available at the price Monteith was suggesting. There were no big advances in those days, but the sum he proposed was more like a retreat. I would practically be paying him. The offer, however, was too flattering to resist. So I didn’t resist, and thus once again made a commitment that I couldn’t come through on without removing other commitments from my diary. The offence was made easier by the fact that I had no diary. For several years I had kept a journal and would go on keeping it for several more, but a journal dealt with the past. A pocket diary for noting future appointments had never been part of my equipment. I was still under the impression that I could trust my memory. How I had ever got that impression was a bit of a mystery, because there had been evidence since my schooldays that any fixture more than a few hours ahead would disappear from my mind, especially if it entailed an inconvenience. People with that characteristic should above all get out of the habit of saying ‘yes’ when asked to do things. Since I invariably said ‘yes’ in order not to disappoint, I was effectively mixing malleability and fecklessness — binary ingredients of a powerful explosive. Eventually I was to learn some measure of reliability, but only because the explosions accounted for so many innocent civilians. For the moment, however, the MacNeice biography joined the list of things I would do soon, once I had dealt with the things I must do that day, because they had been promised for yesterday.
Perhaps the idea that I might have a place in literary life had scrambled my brains. Scrambled them even further, one might say. Back there in Sydney I had loved my evenings in the King’s Cross coffee bars. One of them was called the Platypus Room, Another, Vadim’s, was named after its New Australian proprietor, a poet manqué. It should hardly need saying that he was no relation to the Vadim who, back in faraway Europe, would not long later seduce a long line of beautiful young actresses culminating in Jane Fonda. Our Vadim had shortened his name from something like Vadimskapolonskiewicz. Still working hard on his English, Vadim would strain valiantly through the hiss of his Gaggia espresso machine to eavesdrop on the conversation of the half-dozen literary journalists who counted as the city’s intelligentsia in those torpid days before the arts boom. But as the new boy I was sitting below the salt, and forced to do much more listening than talking. The London scene was on a grander scale, and although I was a new boy all over again, I could do all the talking that my tongue allowed before the beer and wine numbed it at the root. The Pillars of Hercules was the focal point, but there was a glittering periphery. At Nicholas Tomalin’s house in Gloucester Crescent, Camden Town, there were big guns to be seen. The area had already been colonized by some of the people who would make it as famous as the old Bloomsbury. Alan Bennett and Jonathan Miller were both in the area, working on the new careers that would take them beyond Beyond the Fringe. But the chief attraction was Nick himself. Unplaceable in the usual social order, he had limitless charm to go with the three qualities that he had notoriously said every journalist must have: a certain amount of literary ability, a plausible manner and rat-like cunning. His charm was the first quality you noticed. Well-connected and beautifully constructed young women fell for him, which made life all too interesting for his wife Claire, but obviously she adored him. It was impossible not to. Young men felt the same, partly because he was a good enough listener to make them feel that they might be almost as fascinating as he was. When you spoke, he had a way of looking sideways and downwards through his heavy black horn-rims that convinced you he was doing so only in order to favour his good ear, not wanting to miss a word. (In fact he had a bad neck, but typically he turned the affliction into a point of style.) What impressed me most was the way he had come to terms with what he saw as his lack of originality. If he couldn’t make things up, like a proper writer, he would find the best way of writing down what happened in front of him: corporate fraud, voyages by mad yachtsmen, wars. Actually, of course, this determination was deeply original in itself: he was in at the start of what would later be called the New Journalism. Headed by his famous piece about Vietnam — he had made the notes for it while looking sideways through the open doorway of an American gunship at vibrating miles of jungle stiff with armed men in black pyjamas — his collection of journalism still reads well today, and at the time he seemed to some of us the embodiment of a possibility: permanent work in an ephemeral medium.
Not that he didn’t enjoy the passing moment for itself. I made myself popular with him one summer evening when I got the time wrong and turned up an hour early for dinner, bearing a dubious gift of two bottles of cheap white wine. It wasn’t Piat d’Or, which hadn’t yet established itself as the would-be sophisticate’s cut-price bring-along. It was some variety of Liebfraumuck with a label full of gothic lettering. Nick saluted it gravely as if it were a prize-winning vintage that I had bankrupted myself buying, and actually smiled when I put both bottles in the garden fountain to cool. ‘In Australia,’ I explained, ‘we used to sink the stuff in the river and fish it out later. Sometimes we got more bottles out than we put in.’ He guessed immediately that there had been a party in the same spot previously. He loved the idea and told people the story later on as something typical of me, the boy from the bush who could quote Wittgenstein. He was creating a role for me, as he did for everyone. As roles go it wasn’t bad, and when I realized I was stuck with it anyway I tried to make the most of it. Not fitting a category: it was a category in itself. Nick, a dazzling example, was one of the first to see it as a social trend. The media meritocracy would be the next Establishment. Most of this I would figure out only gradually and much later, but I could tell straight away that Nick was something new. It meant a lot to me that he seemed to think the same of me. He nodded assent, instead of snorting, when I declared that a literary career could and should draw sustenance from involvement in show business and popular music. My theory that any genre could be practised as if it were a field of poetry prompted some gratifyingly thoughtful puffs on one of his black cigarillos — from both of us, because I was helping myself to his supply. When we fished the first bottle of wine out of the fountain he even pretended to enjoy it as much as the champagne that Claire had been serving us previously, although at the first sniff of my stuff he must have known that it was battery acid. The man who broke the story on the European junk-wine scandal wasn’t going to be fooled by a label that looked like a page from Martin Luther’s Bible. But he didn’t even flinch.
Yes, the literary world should have been enough. But I had already noticed that it was full of casualties. Even the byline journalists tended to die poor after the salary was switched off, and among the poets it had never been switched on. There would have been good reason to think that a more abundant source of income might be worth seeking. Hitting four deadlines a week, I was earning scraps that added up to a pittance. Also I often had to stay up all night to hit them. When I tried doing that at home in Cambridge, the woman who had already realized she had married a maniac was kept awake by a typewriter yammering away like a rivet-gun. (It’s one of the ways that a writer’s life has most profoundly changed since computers came in: writing used to be noisy.) In Swiss Cottage the noise didn’t matter so much: I was just somebody having one essay crisis after another. But I could tell by the way the boys brought me the occasional cup of instant coffee that I must have looked like someone on the road to ruin. It was instinct, however, and not reason, that led me to keep the theatre thing going. Like a broken love affair, it was begging to be fixed. Eventually, I was convinced, the songs I was still writing with Pete Atkin — in his own small room off the next landing, he was bent over his guitar as he set my latest lyrics about death and destruction — would make us both big money. Meanwhile, the current Footlights bunch, still at university, asked me to direct their Edinburgh Fringe revue on a professional basis.
I did the job with passable results, but there was a bigger job on the near horizon. Still the dominant powers on the Fringe, Oxford and Cambridge teamed up to mount a production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream to tour the American colleges. The play was to be directed by a professional, Richard Cottrell, who was excellently qualified: his production of Richard II had been a huge hit at the official Edinburgh Festival and later in the West End, with the young Ian McKellen making himself famous in the leading role. I had seen McKellen’s performance in Edinburgh and been suitably stunned by how his Olivier-like athleticism was compounded with the ability to float a line like Gielgud. I had seen both Gielgud and Olivier on stage earlier in the decade, but they were in separate plays. McKellen was both of them, made young again and sharing the same body. Cottrell had provided McKellen with a set in which the furiously posturing boy monarch could descend from the upper levels in a series of leaps to appear suddenly on the forestage like Spiderman arriving in a gay nightclub. The future knight was still years away from outing himself but his performance left little room for doubt, just as the production left nothing to be desired for its verve and grace. If all theatre had been like that I would have spent much less time at the movies. The Oxbridge bunch were lucky to have Cottrell aboard, because in normal circumstances a director of his calibre is wasting his time marshalling the limited abilities of amateur players: it’s like hiring Michael Schumacher to drive a minicab. But Cottrell, still manfully scraping the money together for his Prospect Theatre Company, agreed to take the Shakespeare job on. Since the Oxbridge bunch also wanted an accompanying revue as part of the tour package, however, he specified that he would direct that only if he could be provided with an assistant director, script doctor and dogsbody — someone steeped in the revue business, about which, he was honest enough to say, he knew little and cared less. Headed by my old friend Jonathan James-Moore, the Oxbridge people approached me. I wasn’t hard to find. The whole deal was going to be rehearsed in the Footlights clubroom in Cambridge and I just happened to be standing outside in Petty Cury with my hands in my pockets, whistling. The fee was more than I could earn by reviewing ten different hopeless books so I said yes, reflecting that if I reviewed the books anyway, I would double my money.
Scarcely an hour of rehearsal had elapsed before I realized I should have said no. Though Cottrell was large-hearted in saying that humour was not his forte, he was also definite about having the last word. There was a power struggle right from the jump, which I was bound to lose. I didn’t much like his ideas, he positively hated mine, and the helpless cast were caught in the middle. For them, what should have been a joyous conjunction of two separate undergraduate revue traditions turned into the most miserable time of their young lives. Most of them were also in the Dream production and the difference must have been startling. Cottrell did a dazzling job with the play. In an opalized Athenian forest designed by Hugh Durrant, he deployed the student actors almost as if they could act. The cruel truth about university actors is that although they often go far, they rarely do so as actors, mainly because even the most gifted of them have chewed up essential years that they should have spent at RADA learning to speak, move, and fence, or even at Raymond’s Revue Bar learning to stand in a spotlight as if they belonged there. Apart from Julie Covington, who made an enchanting Peasblossom, only a few of the Dream cast went any distance in the professional theatre later on. Some showed up on the small screen, but as presenters and newsreaders rather than actors. (An exception was Mark Wing-Davey, who eventually grew an extra head to play Zaphod Beeblebrox in The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.) Michael Wood, now one of the most prominent historians on television, deployed a fine leg as Oberon but would spend his future in tight jeans, not loose tights. Others became bank managers and academics. But they all had bliss to look back on. In that pixillated forest, they had been touched with a magic wand.
When they came back to the Footlights clubroom to rehearse the revue, the contrast was brutal. At the end of the rehearsal period, the revue was ready to go on in the Arts Theatre, and it even held the stage, but the critic for Varsity was not the only member of the audience to note that the cast looked as if they had all spent the previous week beside the death-bed of a loved one. Three nights into the run, after three days of re-rehearsing some of the sketches in the attempt to make them funnier than a mock execution, I spat the dummy. One of my last memories of the resulting shambles was of James-Moore, called Jo-Jo for short, throwing up in the washbasin of his dressing room. Many years later he was a power in the land, in charge of comedy at BBC radio, but I bet he didn’t forget how his own lunch looked when it was staring back at him. It took me almost as long to get a realistic perspective on what I had helped to let them all in for. Too much of it had been my fault, a truth that I wasn’t then equipped to consider. When it mattered, I had spent too much time taking umbrage and not enough taking pains. I should have settled for my subordinate position, done what was required, and, above all, put the welfare of the troops first. But I threw a tantrum instead, right there in the Green Room of the Arts Theatre, the gift of John Maynard Keynes to civilization. I foamed at the mouth and smashed my fist into a mirror. It was the right target, I now realize, because the true culprit was on the other side of it. The fact of the matter was that I was nowhere near as good at dreaming up sketch material for an ensemble as I had thought. My only reliable ability was to dream up material for myself. The tantrum was an excellent example. Bugsy Siegel would have recognized a gifted imitator, especially when I climaxed the routine by threatening to kill Cottrell. Luckily he was elsewhere at the time, but when he heard about it he put his foot down. Either I was removed from the picture or else the American expedition would not include him. Since the production of the Dream was what really mattered, Jo-Jo and his colleagues had no choice. Effectively, I had already fired myself, by converting my tantrum into a nervous breakdown.
I owe my wife the courtesy of leaving her as a background figure in this book, along with my daughters, who would combine to lynch me if I went into detail about their virtues. All three women in my immediate family are united in the belief that private life and publicity are incompatible, and I agree with them. One of the dire consequences of the celebrity culture is that this belief has come to seem perverse. So much for the celebrity culture. But I can say this much: over the next two weeks, my wife got into training for her first baby. I went to bed and stayed there, like Stalin when he got the news that the German army had invaded his country after all, despite his express instructions that it should not. The shock of reality had reduced me to immobility. I sent long groans towards the ceiling while doing nothing except grow a beard. I groaned louder at the effort of turning my pillow to the dry side. I could just about make it to the bathroom on my own. Otherwise I didn’t go anywhere, even to the kitchen, where the refrigerator lived which in normal circumstances I could never pass without stopping to look in. But I was indifferent to what I put in my mouth. As long as it was a cigarette, it would do. As soon as I could raise myself on one elbow, I got busy starting small fires in the bedding. For a while I couldn’t even read a book: the first time since World War II that I had been unable to do so. The Guardian took me all day and the Observer took me all Sunday. Finally, from one of these papers, I noticed that there was a four-volume collection of George Orwell’s journalism due to come out. I must have grunted at the right moment, because the complete set was brought to me as a gift, ready-wrapped in its jackets of deep Socialist red.
From the first page of the first volume, I was on the road to recovery. Many years and a much bigger bank balance later, at just the moment when she felt the walls of the house were closing in, I bought my wife a 3 Series BMW, and suddenly she was out and about like Emma Peel in The Avengers. It was only a partial return for the perfect timing of that Orwell set. Most of the essays I knew by heart already, but here they were in the weekly context of his indefatigable toil. Here was the proof that it took effort to write plain prose but, if you could do so, the results might have the effect of poetry. A simple-seeming sentence could have a cadence to remember. There was also the matter of Orwell’s political sagacity. He could be batty on the side issues but on the big issue he was right. It was the main reason he remained relevant, because those who had been wrong had spread a pervasive influence, and some of them remained in business even in old age. While sticking his head above the parapet in the Spanish Civil War, Orwell had said that it wasn’t enough to be against the Nazis, you had to be anti-totalitarian, which meant being against the Communists as well. The latter part of this message continued, after more than thirty years, to be a pill hard to swallow for thinkers on the Left. Even if they were ready to accept that Stalin had been conducting a massacre of the innocents, they still wanted to believe that there might be a vegetarian version of absolute state control. Orwell’s central belief was thus enduringly unpopular even among those who shared his detestation of capitalism.
No fan of capitalism myself — there had to be something easier than working for a living — I had nevertheless been raised in a house where that central belief of his didn’t need to be stated, so when I read him at length it was like a long verification of what I had always felt. My mother and father, both of them prime examples of the suffering proletariat in the 1930s, would have left me a Communist heritage if they had thought that there was anything to it. My father’s copy of Bellamy’s anti-capitalist classic Looking Backward was in the hall cupboard waiting for him while I was growing up. He never came home to read it again, but its presence was a reminder of his championship of workers’ rights. Yet my mother assured me that he would have detested the idea of giving the state unbridled power over the individual. Like my father, she had met the Communists before the war when she was working on the production lines, and remembered their tone of voice. But when Prime Minister Menzies staged a referendum to outlaw the Australian Communist Party in 1952, my mother, during a single dinner of beef, potatoes and cabbage, gave me a political education that has lasted me a lifetime. She told me how she had voted in the referendum earlier that day. She had voted against Ming’s move to outlaw the Commos. (In Australia, Menzies was Ming and the Communists were the Commos for linguistic reasons we won’t go into here.) She thought the state should not be given so much power to repress opinion, even if the opinion was wrong. That, she said, was the principle my father had fought and died for, and the only reason why his death had meaning.
Still in short pants at the time, I struggled to comprehend, but I was so fascinated that I ate the cabbage. Since the right not to eat cabbage was one of my own most jealously guarded political tenets, this was a large concession, and a tribute to my mother’s quiet passion. At the time she spoke, George Orwell had only recently published Nineteen Eighty-Four, so my mother was up there with him at the heroic forefront of intellectual adventure. I remembered that moment as I lay there in my smouldering bed, at last telling myself to get up, get out and get going. Above all, the collection was a persuasive demonstration that periodical journalism could be built to last. Much of it had been written for publications of restricted, or no, circulation. I resolved to despise no outlet that would print my work. I also resolved that the theatre thing could still be fixed, if I could just avoid my previous mistakes. With these two resolutions — the first questionable, the second suicidal — firmly in mind, I cast the charred coverlet aside and went back to work. If my wife could go on functioning as a conscientious don while nursing her mental wreck of a husband, the least I could do was persevere. One thing I can tell myself, from this distance, is that I was always pretty good at getting busy again after a catastrophe. I was just bad at realizing that being too busy had got me into the catastrophe in the first place. Hamlet had said it to the corpse of Polonius: ‘You find that to be too busy is some danger.’ But Polonius wasn’t listening, and it turned out that Hamlet wasn’t either.
The idea that periodical journalism could be built to last was never likely to apply to Oz magazine, but I deluded myself into believing that it could. A new wave of hungry young Australians had hit London, having the immediate effect of making the young Australians who were already there feel that they were getting old. Perhaps that was what drove me to say yes when they asked me to contribute to Oz. Richard Neville, the editor, was dedicated to the belief that Play Power could transform politics. I never believed that — I had enough trouble believing in his hairstyle, which he had apparently copied from Bette Davis in All About Eve — but I did think that this new emphasis on youth, music, soft drugs and less uptight sex might have an ameliorating effect. My stance, however, was to contend that all thoughts of actual revolution were the kind of nonsense that could be excused only through ignorance. I soon found that Neville and his confrères had plenty of ignorance to excuse themselves with. They seemed to have read nothing but Naked Lunch. But my counter-revolutionary polemics were printed anyway. Usually they were printed in white type on pink paper with an oil-slick overlay, so that there was no danger of the stoned readership actually reading them. Germaine Greer’s contributions, by contrast, were printed clearly, often accompanied by startling photographs of their author. One photograph showed her with her legs behind her neck: an advanced position even for a swami. In a previous volume of this memoir I gave Germaine the name Romaine Rand, on the principle that if I was going to attribute foul language to her it would be ungentlemanly to use her real name. In the context of Oz, however, it would be ungentlemanly not to, because by that time her habitual and madly entertaining subversion of linguistic decorum stood fully revealed as a big component in a political attitude that was transforming the speech of the country. I admired her boldness, and still do. Though she sometimes seemed to harbour the impression that ordinary young women could liberate themselves if they became groupies for the sort of American rock band that looked like a pack of rapists in search of a fresh victim, she was undoubtedly striking a blow for freedom from stifling conventions. Her weak point, obvious to everyone but her, lay in her generous confidence that women, if they could be released from bondage, would all prove to be as creative as she was. Girls, you don’t have to spend all that time wiping the poop off the back end of your child. Hand it to your grandmother while you write a symphony.
My own view, that the shattered conventions might one day become objects of nostalgia, sounded pretty stifling even to me. Luckily nobody could decipher what I said. There was quite a lot of it, and later on I was careful to reprint none of it. Long before the Oz trial at the Old Bailey I had tacitly opted out of the Youth Culture: my hair, as it were, didn’t make the cut. Even when accompanied by the soft music and pastel swirling smoke of psychedelia, propaganda for a consensus of individual rebellion had no appeal to me as a genre, and it was clear that protesting against rebellion in a rebel publication made no sense at all. When Richard Neville and Felix Dennis appeared in court, it became obvious that this was a mere prelude to their appearance on television. In other words, the trial was a stage: a stage on the road to institutionalized protest, although nobody at the time could guess that Dennis would one day be a publishing tycoon on the scale of Robert Maxwell and Conrad Black, if a bit more careful with the petty cash. The judge, confidently mistaken as English judges so often are, informed the court that Dennis was clearly of low intelligence. The judge lived long enough to find out that he had been wrong by many millions of pounds, but it was never a case of two worlds colliding. It was the one world, hiccuping on a breath of fresh air. The fresh air turned stale later on, as it was bound to do. Social changes get nowhere if they are not needed, and when they succeed they soon cease to be news. Not having been really a part of it, I was easily out of it, with no regrets except that I no longer had an excuse to gaze at the angelic face of a young woman who rejoiced in the name of Caroline Coon. She was billed as the scene’s expert on drugs. I suppose she knew a lot about them for the usual reason — that she had taken a lot of them — but although I had no idea of what she was talking about I loved watching her delicately sculpted mouth when she spoke. No expert about clothing at that stage (certainly I was no expert about my own) I could nevertheless not help noticing that her revolutionary outfits were composed of cashmere, suede and silk, all hanging on the lissom figure of a debutante by Boldini. She was draped across two-page spreads in the colour supplements and the glossies almost as often as Germaine herself. Here was a revolution for men to die for, but strictly in the spiritual sense.
Orwell had said that you could see what was wrong with radical movements by the kind of women they attracted. By that test, the Youth Culture had a lot right with it. There was a great deal of glamour about. One of the spin-offs of Oz was an Alternative Newspaper called Ink. If anything, it had even less editorial judgement than Oz — the itinerant Australian journalist Leon Selkirk even managed to sell it his standard scoop about the missing uranium, a story that he had been carrying around for years — but the office was full of Biba-clad lovelies from the shires wondering what keys to press down on the electric typewriters, which like all the other equipment had been bought instead of hired, thus guaranteeing almost immediate insolvency. None of the girls was more beautiful than the paper’s cultural editor Sonny Mehta, whom I had known at Cambridge. (In May Week Was in June he appeared as Buddy Rajgupta, so that I might cover myself against the potentially libellous implication that he had done no academic work at all.) Though Sonny was much more focused as a newspaper executive than he had been as a student, the newspaper was doomed from its inception. But I enjoyed his company as always, and later on the connection was to pay off in a big way, as I shall relate.
At the time, my whole activity as a writer for the Alternative Press added up to a no-no. Lest I doubt the fact, Karl Miller of the Listener pointed it out firmly, although ‘no-no’ was not the kind of word he would have used, either then or later. A classically educated Scot, a rebel angel from Dr Leavis’s dour Empyrean who gave the impression that he had found its irascible ruler insufficiently serious, Miller had no time for the light-minded. The Listener was still the printed voice of the BBC as Lord Reith had once conceived it, and Karl Miller was universally acknowledged as a worthy successor to the paper’s founding editor, J. R. Ackerley. Miller had all of Ackerley’s discerning attributes and none of the frailties. Miller, you could be sure, would never have a love affair with an Alsatian dog. (Ackerley did, and recorded his emotional commitment in a book whose sex passages take some swallowing even today.) Such was Miller’s reputation that to be invited to write for the Listener was a sure mark that one had arrived at the point where Grub Street’s reeking gutters turned to polished marble. I entered his office at Langham Place with roughly the feelings I had once had when asked to call on the Deputy Headmaster of Sydney Technical High School. Miller had a similar reputation for severity, although it was fairly certain that he did not keep a cane. But at our first meeting he throttled back on the withering impatience and confined himself to the laconically sarcastic. He made it clear that my involvement in the Alternative Press was a waste of what in a less barbaric context might almost be mistaken for a certain effectiveness in English prose. According to him, there was no such thing as an Alternative Press, there was only the press, which was either responsible or frivolous; just as there was no such thing as Experimental Writing, there was only writing, which was either competent or worthless. Some of what I had done for the New Statesman and the TLS, he told me, could have been regarded as competent if I had curbed my exuberance. He had already printed a radio script that I had written and delivered for Philip French, BBC radio’s omniscient arts editor. (The Listener was contractually obliged to reprint a quota of radio scripts, an obligation which sometimes weighed heavily on Miller, but he carried out the duty faithfully, quietly subtracting the solecisms from some eminent professor’s would-be mandarin diction.) My script, however, he informed me, had been marred by deficiencies of coherence, which he had felt bound to expunge. I could have said that there had been plenty of other deficiencies of coherence that Philip French had expunged first, but for once I had the sense to shut up and take the compliment. Proof that it had actually been a compliment, even if expressed like a rebuke from Captain Bligh, was provided by what happened next. Miller asked me to try my hand at writing a critical column about radio once every four weeks. There were three other radio critics, he explained, who each also wrote a column every four weeks, the collective thus furnishing the paper with a column every week. While he searched my face for signs that I might not have grasped the mathematics, he further explained that the work had to be taken seriously: I must listen to all the important programmes, analyse their qualities, point out their shortcomings, and provide a concise summary with no deficiencies of coherence. It was easy to assume that the critic I was replacing had died under the strain.
Philip French had a gentler nature but he was just as punishing on the facts and details, partly because he already knew more about everything than all his contributors put together. Both men were models of conscientiousness, and I could have learned even more from them had I been as good as they were at concentrating on one task at a time. As it happened, I added their deadlines to all my other deadlines, in the belief, sadly correct, that a freelance writer could accumulate his piece-rate fees into a living wage only by working until the night sky paled. My typewriter squeaked as it ran out of oil, its ribbons frayed as they ran out of ink. In order to make marks through a dry ribbon I hit the keys extra hard, thus gradually turning the platen into a cylindrical Rosetta Stone. (How many people are left who know what a platen was? And where did all the typewriters go? In what vast quarry do their rusting frames coagulate?) In those days you needed carbon paper to keep a copy and I can remember choking back a sob when I discovered that I had put the carbon paper in backwards. (In childhood, I had sobbed the same way when I spilled flavoured milk into my box of crayons. In the course of time we cry for different things, but we always cry the same way.) As the plaintive note of these parentheses suggests, there was thus some reason for dreaming of a big score that might get me into another financial league, and so buy me some time to finish that book on Louis MacNeice, or anyway start it.
The big score didn’t have to be in the theatre. It could be in the movies. Part of the Oxford and Cambridge Theatre Company disaster had included a proposed film of the revue, to be supervised by me because Richard Cottrell, after taking one look at its proposed financial backers, sensibly didn’t want to know. The backers, or at any rate the people who said they could get the backing, were a bunch of grandees from the Lord’s Taverners, one of those charitable outfits that do good things for the deprived. Along with a sprinkling of dedicated and efficient philanthropists, such organizations are invariably haunted by a shambling squad of superannuated burghers in continual search of some pointless event that they can have meetings about. It was just such a bunch of blazer-wearing drones who had put themselves in charge of immortalizing our revue on celluloid, thus to benefit their charity from the inevitable worldwide sales. Normally they would have had no means of advancing such a project beyond the stage of getting all of You Young People (that was us) packed together in the Arts Theatre boardroom so that we could admire their Hush Puppies and silk cravats while they told us how diverting Prince Philip had been at their last annual lunch. But they had an ace in the hole: one of their new members was Jack Cardiff, the veteran cinematographer who had been responsible for the look of Black Narcissus and The Red Shoes. Perhaps in the hope of meeting Prince Philip at next year’s lunch, Cardiff had come over from Switzerland to make the film. Success was therefore assured.
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Student One Stop
Oregon Quarterly
Quack Chats
Oregon Experts
University Senate recognizes four with annual service awards
The University Senate recently presented four people with annual awards recognizing their contributions to improving and enhancing university values.
Presented at a special meeting June 7, the University Senate Awards honor individuals whose work exemplifies a commitment to service to the university, transparency and shared governance, leadership and service, and classified staff leadership. The awards highlight characteristics that enhance the experience of students, staff and faculty.
This year’s recipients are psychology professor Jennifer Freyd, former Register-Guard reporter Diane Dietz, College of Arts and Science communications director Lisa Raleigh and University Senate program assistant Kurt Willcox, who also is a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon.
A description of the awards and comments from the nominations follows:
Jennifer Freyd, Wayne T. Westling Award, given for outstanding and long-term leadership and service to the university and inspired leadership and commitment to the principles of shared governance, participatory decision-making and fostering a campus climate of inclusiveness and respect.
Nomination comments: “Professor Freyd is a committed and inspiring leader in working for inclusiveness and respect, making decision-making truly participatory, and helping preserve shared governance at the University.”
“Professor Freyd’s leadership and commitment to ‘fostering a campus climate of inclusiveness and respect’ is not limited to work on campus. She has helped make the University and its faculty a recognized leader nationally.”
Diane Dietz, UO Senate Award for Shared Governance, Transparency and Trust, awarded annually to the administrator or another member of the UO Community who has best exemplified the values of trust, transparency and shared governance during the year.
Nomination comments: “Diane worked for many years at the RG before retiring this spring. She covered the higher education beat, and specifically the University of Oregon during some interesting and pivotal years of the university’s history.”
“Just like most other institutions and government agencies, universities do much better when they have an outsider asking tough questions. She expected the university to act in accordance with its high ideals and do so without wasting the public’s money. She asked tough questions, and she wasn’t shy about following up with more questions, and of course with public records requests.”
Lisa Raleigh, Leadership and Service Award for Officers of Administration, given for exemplary service over a period of years inspired leadership and commitment to the principles of shared governance and participatory decision-making and fostering a campus climate of inclusiveness, respect and professional excellence.
Nomination comments: “Lisa chaired the Senate workgroup that performed a review and revision of the charge and membership profile of the OA Council. In this role, Lisa brought together a small group of OAs nominated to this Senate workgroup. She led the group in discussions that addressed, clarified, and resolved the issue of the status of the OA Council as an independent, elected, and representative council.”
“There was a quality and consistency to her presence, a calm and rational approach to issues, and deeply held convictions for equity and fairness. I cannot underestimate the extent of Lisa’s contributions. In four years of elected service, Lisa’s impact has been profound, effective, and influential. To say that we are a better place because of her is an understatement.”
Kurt Willcox, Classified Staff Leadership Award, given an individual who is a leader in one or more of these areas: personal and professional development, a respectful work environment or diversity.
Nomination comments: “A 45-year Duck who has served the UO as an instructor, staff member and member of the Board of Trustees, Kurt has shown leadership throughout his career here, and has consistently taken action to bring others from the margins into the center of what’s going on.”
“Not only has Kurt done fine work in every job he has held at the UO over many years, his work here goes beyond his paid employment. He has quietly made a deep and lasting contribution to building up the UO community, and has been an important catalyst for civic involvement within our community.”
UO Experts Respond to Coronavirus
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Around the O is the UO’s go-to place for information about the university, its people and the difference they make in Oregon and around the world. We bring stories of the university’s groundbreaking research and world-class faculty and students to the broadest possible audience, while also serving as the hub for news, announcements and information of interest to the campus community.
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Thursday, March 17 • 10:00pm - 11:00pm
We Barbarians
Vacillating between dark and light with rhythm-heavy foundations, We Barbarians sucker most into thinking the collaboration is anything but a three piece. David Quon (singer/guitarist), Derek VanHeule (bass/vocals) and Nathan Warkentin (drums/vocals) formed in Long Beach, CA in 2007 from the throes of previous bands. Since their inception and the release of their debut album, 2009’s There's This There's That, the band has toured with Passion Pit, Local Natives, Tokyo Police Club, Ra Ra Riot, Cold War Kids, The Morning Benders and Les Savy Fav. We Barbarians has garnered critical acclaim for their previous releases, and recent shows at the Echo and Spaceland in Los Angeles revealed a sizeable and enthusiastic fan base that packed the house each night. Seattle’s KEXP has raved that “their songs’ oft-simplicity make them immediate classics” while the LA Times congratulated the band’s “insistent and persuasively aggressive noise.” With their atmospheric rock sound that incorporates rousing vocals, dramatic guitar flourishes and arresting rhythmic foundations, the group has inspired numerous comparisons to early U2. We Barbarians have completed work on a new EP, slated for release in Spring 2011.
Vacillating between dark and light with rhythm-heavy foundations, We Barbarians sucker most into thinking the collaboration is anything but a three piece. David Quon (singer/guitarist), Derek VanHeule (bass/vocals) and Nathan Warkentin (drums/vocals) formed in Long Beach, CA in 2007... Read More →
Thursday March 17, 2011 10:00pm - 11:00pm CDT
Beauty Bar-Palm Door
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Avoiding Disaster with Microsoft Dynamics GP
2020-06-27T15:01:52-06:00By Mauricio Carrillo|
If we know one thing for sure during this trying time, it is that change is inevitable, and preparation is critical. Advancements in technology have been driving transformation for quite some time now. Yet, it took the onset of a global pandemic to change business models that were no longer effective. You can feel the ripple effect of this change within every business layer, not just revenue, but business operations. With the help of Microsoft Dynamics GP, Microsoft’s cloud-based business management solution, companies can grow and evolve rather than crumble under pressure.
Microsoft Fighting Disaster on Front Lines
Since the beginning of the outbreak, Microsoft has been on the front lines of the disaster, helping businesses transition and the medical community expand their outreach. Microsoft Teams is vital in managing remote offices, Microsoft Azure is driving innovation in the healthcare industry by streamlining research and development processes, and both are working together to support the rise of telemedicine.
Our data, livelihoods, and health are at stake during this turbulent time. But Microsoft continues to provide individuals and businesses with the tools they need to thrive, including Microsoft Dynamics GP.
Going Beyond the Outbreak with Microsoft Dynamics GP
You can illustrate the effects of a global pandemic by throwing a stone into water. The initial entry of the stone disturbs the water, but it does not stop there. The ripples can be felt and seen for much time after the initial disturbance.
This chain reaction is very similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The initial outbreak requires immediate medical attention and social precautions, but the economic fallout moves far and wide. Microsoft Dynamics GP offers technological solutions for the new economic environment we are currently navigating as citizens, business owners, and leaders.
What is Microsoft Dynamics GP?
Microsoft Dynamics GP is a cloud-based business management solution for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) that goes beyond traditional accounting software. Users can quickly develop flexible, configurable solutions that will grow with your business, which is essential during this unprecedented time.
With Dynamics GP, you can manage your cash, assets, and banking while tracking and managing your production, inventory, orders, returns, and vendors. Users can manage business contacts, sales, opportunities, and service contracts. Internal business processes such as human resources and payroll can be easily managed and adapted to ever-evolving business practices and requirements. The comprehensive platform gives you real-time visibility and analytics to track your performance and act immediately on insight.
Dynamics GP Helping Businesses Adapt
Microsoft already knew 2020 would be difficult for businesses to navigate with the implementation of the new W4, but then companies had to adapt to the implications of the novel coronavirus readily. At the onset of the pandemic in March 2020, businesses had no other choice but to make it work in the new environment. For some, that meant switching to a remote office, and for others, it meant layoffs or navigating paid leave under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA).
FFCRA requires certain employers to provide employees with paid sick leave and expanded family and medical leave for reasons related to COVID-19. The provisions came into effect April 1, 2020, and will remain until December 31, 2020. Microsoft witnessed businesses struggling to maintain operational efficiency with these new requirements. They readily developed a methodology within Dynamics GP that allows you to harness the power of the tools you already have to meet your team’s needs.
Using Dynamics GP Field Service Management on the Fly
The challenges do not begin and end with new tax codes and paid sick leave. Payment processing, contract administration, service call management, and preventative maintenance management are just a few of the capabilities of Dynamics Field Service Management. Each capability can address a facet of your business affected by the new economic environment because of COVID-19.
With the Dynamics GP credit card processing integration, your business can seamlessly switch to hands-free payment options, a necessity in a world plagued with a highly contagious virus. The contract administration and service call management features within the Dynamics GP platform can provide your company with the means to enhance contract profitability and service functionality, two incredibly essential concepts in the current environment.
As we move through this crisis together, we can use it to evolve business practices that were holding us back. It is an opportunity to establish tailor-made digital business tools, strategies, and collaborations. This disaster has made it clear that we can no longer ignore technology advancements. Instead, we must embrace the change using tools like Microsoft Dynamics GP that allow us to support long-term, sustainable growth.
About the Author: Mauricio Carrillo
Mauricio is a journalist and content strategist. He has been covering finances, technology, and entrepreneurship for more than a decade. He loves traveling, trying new things, and telling stories.
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BestOfDate.com
Home Fictional Dates Upcoming Events
April 13th, 1972, fell on a Thursday. It was day 104 of 1972. The decade was the 1970s.
48 years, 9 months and 3 days have passed since April 13th, 1972.
Music Singles
Songs that were on top of the music singles charts in the USA and the United Kingdom on April 13th, 1972:
United States: A Horse With No Name - America
United Kingdom: Without You - Nilsson
Take Me Back!
The date is April 13th, 1972 and it's a Thursday. Anyone born today will have the star sign Aries. The summer of 1972 is drawing closer and temperatures have started to rise.
In America, the song A Horse With No Name by America is on top of the singles charts. Over in the UK, Without You by Nilsson is the number one hit song. Richard Nixon is currently the President of the United States and Edward Heath is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
It's 1972, so radio stations are playing songs from artists such as Don McLean, Harry Nilsson, Hot Butter, Neil Young, The Moody Blues, Roberta Flack, Bill Withers and Johnny Nash. People are watching popular TV shows such as "Marcus Welby, M.D.", "The Flip Wilson Show", "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and "Emergency!". Children and teenagers are currently watching television shows such as "Lassie", "Captain Kangaroo", "The Bugs Bunny Show" and "The Brady Bunch".
If you're a kid or a teenager, then you're probably playing with toys such as "Etch A Sketch", "Easy-Bake Oven", "Suzy Homemaker" and "Frisbee".
News Topics, Fads & Culture
Trending news stories and fads that were prevalent throughout this time period. These are news stories and events that would have been in the media on April 13th, 1972.
1972 in music.
The Billboard Charts in 1972 were dominated by Don McLean, Roberta Flack, Gilbert O'Sullivan, America, Joe Tex, Looking Glass and Al Green.
Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger.
U.S. President Richard Nixon and his National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, were both named as the Time Person of the Year in 1972. Nixon and Kissinger had made history by travelling to China to "open up a dialogue."
1972 in movies.
Movies released in 1972 included The Godfather, The Poseidon Adventure, "What's Up, Doc?", Behind the Green Door, Deliverance, Super Fly, Cabaret, The Getaway, Fritz the Cat, The Legend of Boggy Creek, Jeremiah Johnson, Blacula and Silent Running.
Roberta Flack - "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack would go on to win a Grammy for 1972's Song of the Year.
"The Godfather" won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1972.
Who were the best football players in 1972?
In 1972, the best soccer players were Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Günter Netzer, Johan Cruyff, Piet Keizer, Kazimierz Deyna, Gordon Banks, Barry Hulshoff, Włodzimierz Lubański and Bobby Moore.
Who were the best NBA players in 1972?
The best NBA players in 1972 were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, John Havlicek, Spencer Haywood, Jerry West and Walt Frazier.
Basic facts and information about this date:
Week Number: This date occurred during Week 15 of 1972.
Leap Year: 1972 was a leap year, which means that it contained 366 days instead of 365 (with an extra day in February).
Age: Anyone born on April 13th, 1972, will be 48 years of age.
People born in 1972 belong to the "Generation X" generation.
Unix Timestamp: The Unix Timestamp for this date is 71967600.
Around This Time...
Notable events that occurred around April 13th, 1972:
March 24th, 1972: The British government introduces "Direct Rule" in Northern Ireland.
March 26th, 1972: 19 climbers are killed in an avalanche on Mount Fuji in Japan.
March 30th, 1972: North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone of South Vietnam.
April 7th, 1972: A Vietnam war veteran called Richard McCoy Jr. hijacks a United Airlines passenger jet for ransom.
April 17th, 1972: The first Boston Marathon that allows women to compete takes place.
May 2nd, 1972: 91 people are killed by a fire at the Sunshine Mine in Idaho.
May 5th, 1972: 115 people die when Alitalia Flight 112 crashes near Palermo in Italy.
May 6th, 1972: FA Cup Final 1972: A goal from Allan Clarke helps Leeds United secure a 1-0 victory over Arsenal.
May 7th, 1972: Serial killer Ed Kemper murders hitchhikers Mary Ann Pesce and Anita Mary Luchessa near Alameda, California.
May 7th, 1972: The Los Angeles Lakers win the 1972 NBA Finals after they defeat the New York Knicks 4-1.
May 13th, 1972: 115 people are killed in Osaka, Japan, when a fire breaks out at a nightclub.
Horoscopes & Birthstone Information
Zodiac & Birthstone information:
Zodiac Sign (Astrology): Anyone born on April 13th, 1972, will have the star sign Aries.
However, if you are going by the new star sign system (2020), then the sign for this date is actually Pisces.
Zodiac Element: Fire.
Chinese Zodiac Animal: In the Chinese Zodiac, 1972 was the year of the Rat (Yang Wood).
Native American Zodiac: April 13th, 1972 falls under the Falcon.
Birthstone: Anyone born during the month of April will have the birthstone Diamond.
TV shows that you might have been watching around this time.
Emergency! - TV series about a fire department in LA.
Upstairs, Downstairs - British drama series about the aristocratic Bellamy family and their household staff.
McMillan & Wife - TV show about a San Francisco police commissioner and his wife Sally.
All in the Family - American sitcom about the life of a working-class father and his family.
The Odd Couple - Starring Tony Randall as Felix Unger and Jack Klugman as Oscar Madison.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show - Sitcom about a career-oriented woman who moves to Minneapolis after separating from her partner.
The Flip Wilson Show - Variety show hosted by Flip Wilson.
McCloud - A New Mexico deputy marshall gets assigned to Manhattan's 27th Precinct.
The Brady Bunch - Sitcom about a large family with six children.
Marcus Welby, M.D. - Medical drama television program.
Here's Lucy - Sitcom starring Lucille Ball.
Columbo. - Crime drama television series starring Peter Falk as Columbo.
1972 - Kid's TV
Children's and Teen TV shows that would have been airing on this date in 1972.
JOT the Dot
The Bugs Bunny Show
1972 - Toys & Games
Toys and games that would have been popular on this date in 1972:
Big Jim (action figure)
Uno (card game)
VertiBird (toy helicopter)
G.I. Joe Adventure Team
Nerf Balls
Crissy (doll)
Battleship (game)
Lite-Brite
Suzy Homemaker
Motorific (slot car toys)
Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots
Army men
Easy-Bake Oven
Celebrities and historical figures that were born on the 13th of April:
April 13th, 1743: Thomas Jefferson: US President.
April 13th, 1949: Christopher Hitchens: Author.
April 13th, 1950: Ron Perlman: Actor.
April 13th, 1976: Jonathan Brandis: Actor.
April 13th, 1978: Carles Puyol: Spanish soccer player.
Who was the US President on April 13th, 1972?
Richard Nixon was the President of the United States.
Who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on April 13th, 1972?
Edward Heath was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Irish Taoiseach
Who was the Taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland on this date?
Jack Lynch was the Taoiseach of Ireland.
Conception Dates
Interesting facts about conception dates.
A baby that was born on April 13th, 1972 was probably conceived around the 5th of July, 1971. (Rough Estimate).
The due date for a baby that was conceived on April 13th, 1972 is the 21st of January, 1973. (Rough Estimate).
How old was I?
Enter your date of birth below to find out how old you were on April 13th, 1972.
1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
Calculate My Age
Looking for some nostalgia? Here are some Youtube videos relating to April 13th, 1972. Please note that videos are automatically selected by Youtube and that results may vary! Click on the "Load Next Video" button to view the next video in the search playlist. In many cases, you'll find episodes of old TV shows, documentaries, music videos and soap dramas.
NB: If a video is blank, click on the button above to view the next one...
Time Difference & Statistics
Here are some fun statistics about April 13th, 1972.
17,810 days have passed since this date.
1,538,787,600 seconds have passed since the April 13th, 1972.
If you were born on this day, your heart has beated approximately 1,795,252,200 times.
Since April 13th, 1972, earth has travelled approximately 794,014,401,600 miles through space.
If you were born on this day, your eyes have blinked approximately 256,464,600 times.
If you were born on this day, you have taken approximately 132,335,734 steps. That's about 58,816 miles!
Since this date, 18,465,451 meteors have entered the earth's atmosphere!
Random Dates
A list of random dates that you might be interested in:
12th of July, 1973
15th of May, 2011
3rd of February, 2016
24th of October, 1990
27th of September, 2018
12th of April, 1972
Six Weeks Ago
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Transportation leaders to keynote Moving Forward Together conference
Have you registered for BBSP and NABSA’s Moving Forward Together conference in Portland from September 4-7th? See here for more information.
We’re happy to share that two trailblazers in the field of transportation equity will be delivering the opening and closing remarks for our September 4-7 Moving Forward Together conference. The speakers will be Keith Benjamin, director of Charleston’s Department of Traffic and Transportation, as well as Barb Chamberlain, who is the director of active transportation at Washington’s Department of Transportation.
Together, their combined expertise will shed crucial light on the current intersection of bike share, equity, and local government work.
We hope to see you there! See our speaker’s bios for further background:
Keith Benjamin, was appointed to the position of Director of the Department of Traffic and Transportation for the city of Charleston, South Carolina in April of 2017. In his position he oversees all transportation maintenance, planning and partnerships at the local, county and state level. He previously served in the Office of Policy Development, Strategic Planning and Performance as well as led the Office of Public Liaison at the US Department of Transportation. Prior to his Federal service, Keith was Community Partnership Manager for the Voices for Healthy Kids Community Consortium with the Safe Routes to School National Partnership. At the national, regional and local level, Keith provided technical assistance to policy campaigns in underserved communities, built coalitions, increased leadership capacity, engaged elected officials, created advocacy resources and led The Nation Active Transportation Diversity Task Force. Keith has previously represented the Transport Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO advocating on behalf of 200,000 members and retirees and also served on Capitol Hill. A 2018 Next City Vanguard Fellow, he has served as a member of the National League of Cities Advisory Panel on Health Disparities, the Better Bike Share Partnership Equity Panel, the National Working Group on Healthy Food access with the Food Trust and the National Urban League and the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, Citizens Advisory Committee. He has also appeared and written for numerous publications. Keith Benjamin is a graduate and Dean’s awardee of Swarthmore College.
Barb Chamberlain started March 1, 2017, as Director of the new Division of Active Transportation at WSDOT–a division created to reflect the agency’s commitment to multimodal transportation in the #1 Bicycle Friendly State. Barb served as the Executive Director of Washington Bikes from 2012 to 2015, when she was named Nonprofit Professional of the Year by the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Coordinators. She then became Chief Strategic Officer when Washington Bikes and Cascade Bicycle Club merged to form the nation’s largest statewide bike nonprofit. Prior to working professionally in transportation she led communications and public affairs at Washington State University Spokane for nearly 15 years and served on a number of boards including the Spokane Regional Transportation Council, an MPO, and the Spokane Bicycle Advisory Board. She got her start as an active transportation volunteer working on the North Idaho Centennial Trail Committee, then spent four years in the Idaho state legislature, the youngest woman ever elected to both the House and Senate. Find Barb’s bike writing at bikestylelife.com; follow @barbchamberlain on Twitter for active transportation research, resources and commentary.
The Better Bike Share Partnership is funded by The JPB Foundation as a collaborative between the City of Philadelphia, the Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia, the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) and the PeopleForBikes Foundation to build equitable and replicable bike share systems. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram or sign up for our weekly newsletter.
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Holyoak: Hatch, Lee forsake vulnerable Utahns
Accountability/Transparency, News, Op-Eds
Senators Hatch and Lee continue to demonstrate animus toward working Utahns. Isaac Holyoak, communications director for Better UTAH, argued in an op-ed this weekend in the Salt Lake Tribune that Utah’s senators are actively working against Utahns.
With a combined 42 years in Washington, D.C., Senators Hatch and Lee are proving that what binds them is neither ideology nor their Utah heritage, but the degree to which Utah’s distance from the capital city has made it easier for them to ignore the Utahns who need them most. Recent votes by Hatch and Lee suggest that the two senators are actively engaged in harming Utahns in matters related to employment opportunities.
Both senators voted against reducing the wage gap between men and women. They also voted against extending unemployment benefits to Utahns who are currently looking for work.
It’s worth noting that Hatch hasn’t always viewed feeding families as anathema to his now rightwing-approved agenda. In the past, he has demonstrated ample support for safety net spending, most notably in his support for the Children’s Health Insurance Program, or CHIP. Hatch hasn’t been able to adequately account for why he’s concerned about whether or not a child is insured, but not if a child’s unemployed parents can afford to put food on the table. (Which is to say nothing of Hatch and Lee’s willingness to provide aid to Ukrainians but not their fellow Utahns).
The full op-ed is here.
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